Botani

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="jv">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikipédia</sitename>
    <dbname>jvwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.21</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Médhia</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Mirunggan</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Parembugan</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Naraguna</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Parembugan Naraguna</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikipédia</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Parembugan Wikipédia</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">Barkas</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Parembugan Barkas</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MédhiaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Parembugan MédhiaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Cithakan</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Parembugan Cithakan</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Pitulung</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Parembugan Pitulung</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Kategori</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Parembugan Kategori</namespace>
      <namespace key="100" case="first-letter">Gapura</namespace>
      <namespace key="101" case="first-letter">Parembugan Gapura</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Modhul</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Parembugan Modhul</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Acara</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Pembicaraan Acara</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Botani</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4630</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746505</id>
      <parentid>1673030</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T06:58:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746505</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8356" sha1="0pr8szlq4c3cywucvchjhq5o691c933" xml:space="preserve">{{multiscript|Botani|ꦧꦺꦴꦠꦤꦶ}}
[[Gambar:504px-Pinguiculagrandiflora1web.jpg|thumb|250px|''[[Pinguicula grandiflora]]'' commonly known as a [[Butterwort]]]]
[[Gambar:Stem-cross-section.jpg|thumb|250px|Example of a cross section of a stem &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hydroponicist.com Winterborne J, 2005. ''Hydroponics - Indoor Horticulture'']&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'''Botani''' iku salah sijiné pang ngèlmu ing [[biologi]] kang nyinaoni kabèh prakara kang ana sesambungane karo tuwuhan. Mula saka iku, ing botani ana uga ngèlmu biologi kang nyinaoni ngèlmu [[thukulan]], [[reproduksi]], [[metabolisme]],[[pangembangan]], interaksi ing antarané [[biotik]] lan [[abiotik]], sarta [[evolusi]] tuwuhan.

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

== Wacan ==
=== Buku ngèlmu populer ===
* [[David Attenborough|Attenborough, David]] ''[[The Private Life of Plants]]'', ISBN 0-563-37023-8
* [[David Bellamy|Bellamy, D]] ''Bellamy on Botany'', ISBN 0-563-10666-2 an accessible and short introduction to various botanical subjects
* Capon, B: ''Botany for Gardeners'' ISBN 0-88192-655-8
* Cohen, J. ''How many people can the earth support?'' W.W. Norton 1995 ISBN 0-393-31495-2
* Halle, Francis. ''In praise of plants'' ISBN 0-88192-550-0. English translation of a poetic advocacy of plants.
* King, J. ''Reaching for the sun: How plants work'' ISBN 0-521-58738-7. A fluent introduction to how plants work.
* [[Thomas Pakenham|Pakenham, T]]: ''Remarkable Trees of the World'' (2002) ISBN 0-297-84300-1
* Pakenham, T: ''Meetings with Remarkable Trees'' (1996) ISBN 0-297-83255-7 
* Pollan, M ''The Botany of Desire: A Plant's-eye View of the World'' Bloomsbury ISBN 0-7475-6300-4 Account of the [[co-evolution]] of plants and humans
* Thomas, B.A.: ''The evolution of plants and flowers'' St Martin's Press 1981 ISBN 0-312-27271-5
* Walker, D. ''Energy, Plants and Man'' ISBN 1-870232-05-4 A presentation of the basic concepts of photosynthesis

=== Akademik ===
* Buchanan, B.B., Gruissem, W &amp; Jones, R.L. (2000) ''Biochemistry &amp; molecular biology of plants''. American Society of Plant Physiologists ISBN 0-943088-39-9
* Crawford, R. M. M. (1989). ''Studies in plant survival''. Blackwell. ISBN 0-632-01475-X
* Crawley, M. J. (1997). ''Plant ecology''. Blackwell Scientific. ISBN 0-632-03639-7
* Ennos, R and Sheffield, E ''Plant life'', Blackwell Science, ISBN 0-86542-737-2 Introduction to plant [[biodiversity]]
* {{Cite book |last=Everitt |first=J.H. |author2=Lonard, R.L., Little, C.R. |title=Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico |publisher=Texas Tech University Press |location=Lubbock |year=2007}} ISBN 0-89672-614-2
* Fitter, A &amp; Hay, R ''Environmental physiology of plants'' 3rd edition Sept 2001 Harcourt Publishers, Academic Press ISBN 0-12-257766-3
* Lambers, H., Chapin, F.S. III and Pons, T.L. 1998. Plant Physiological Ecology. Springer-Verlag, New York. ISBN 0-387-98326-0; 2nd compltely revised edition to appear in 2008.
* Lawlor, D.W. (2000) ''Photosynthesis'' BIOS ISBN 1-85996-157-6
* Matthews, R. E. F. ''Fundamentals of plant virology'' Academic Press,1992.
* Mauseth, J.D.: ''Botany : an introduction to plant biology''. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, ISBN 0-7637-2134-4, A first year undergraduate level textbook
* Morton, A.G. (1981). ''History of Botanical Science.''Academic Press, London. ISBN 0-12-508380-7 (hardback) ISBN 0-12-508382-3 (paperback)
* Raven, P.H, Evert R.H and Eichhorn, S.E: ''Biology of Plants'', Freeman. ISBN 1-57259-041-6, A first year undergraduate level textbook
* Richards, P. W. (1996). ''The tropical rainforest''. 2nd ed. C.U.P. (Pbk) ISBN 0-521-42194-2 £32.50
* Ridge, I. (2002) ''Plants'' [[Oxford University Press]] ISBN 0-19-925548-2
* Salisbury, FB and Ross, CW: ''[[Plant physiology]]'' Wadsworth publishing company ISBN 0-534-15162-0
* Stace, C. A. ''A new [[Flora (plants)|flora]] of the British Isles''. 2nd ed. C.U.P.,1997. ISBN 0-521-58935-5
* Strange, R. L. ''Introduction to [[plant pathology]]''. Wiley-VCH, 2003. ISBN 0-470-84973-8
* Taiz, L. &amp; Zeiger, E. (1998). ''Plant physiology''. 3rd ed. August 2002 Sinauer Associates. ISBN 0-87893-823-0
* Walter, H. (1985). ''[[Vegetation]] of the earth''. 3rd rev. ed. Springer.
* Willis, K (2002) ''The evolution of plants'' Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-850065-3 £22-99

== Pranala njaba ==

{{Wikibooks|Botany}}
* [http://huntbot.andrew.cmu.edu Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation]
* [http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/PlantGrowth.html plant growth] and [http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/PlantCell.html the plant cell] from [http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/ Kimball's Biology Pages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807084045/http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/S.html |date=2013-08-07 }}
* [http://www.botany.org/newsite/botany/ Botanical Society of America: What is Botany?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110517093703/http://www.botany.org/newsite/botany/ |date=2011-05-17 }}
* [http://www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/index.htm Science and Plants for Schools] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200120070951/http://www-saps.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/index.htm |date=2020-01-20 }}
* [http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/mineralogie/palbot/teach/botanyteach.html Teaching Documents about Botany] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060814181712/http://uni-wuerzburg.de/mineralogie/palbot/teach/botanyteach.html |date=2006-08-14 }} Teaching documents, lecture notes and tutorials online: an annotated link directory.
* [http://www.aspb.org/aboutus/ American society of plant biologists APSB] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019073344/https://www.aspb.org/aboutus/ |date=2007-10-19 }}
* [http://www.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/teaching/content.html Why study Plants? Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071209044556/http://www.plantsci.cam.ac.uk/teaching/content.html |date=2007-12-09 }}
* [http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/potd/ Botany Photo of the Day]
* [http://rjb.revistas.csic.es Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid], Journal published by [http://www.rjb.csic.es Real Jardín Botánico], [[CSIC]] (scientific articles in Spanish, English, and other languages)
* [http://collectaneabotanica.revistas.csic.es Collectanea Botanica], Journal published by [http://www.institutbotanic.bcn.es Institut Botànic de Barcelona] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091220052118/http://www.institutbotanic.bcn.es/ |date=2009-12-20 }}, [[CSIC]] (scientific articles in Spanish, English, and other languages)
=== Katalog flora lan basis data tuwuhan liyané ===
* [http://www.ou.edu/cas/botany-micro/www-vl/ The Virtual Library of Botany]
* [http://www.plants.am Garden plant database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810115040/http://www.plants.am/ |date=2011-08-10 }} (worldwide)
* [http://www.kulak.ac.be/bioweb/ High quality pictures of plants and information about them] from Catholic University of Leuven
* [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QK1xC981/ Curtis's Botanical Magazine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701223857/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QK1xC981/ |date=2007-07-01 }}, 1790-1856 
* [http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QK488xE4/ The Trees Of Great Britain and Ireland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070722000425/http://fax.libs.uga.edu/QK488xE4/ |date=2007-07-22 }}, by Henry John Elwes &amp; Augustine Henry, 1906-1913 
* [http://www.pflanzen-portal.com Botanik-Datenbank] (ger.)
* [http://green-24.de/search/botanik/pflanzen/index.html Plant Directory] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427160031/http://green-24.de/search/botanik/pflanzen/index.html |date=2009-04-27 }} (ger.)
* [http://plants.usda.gov/index.html USDA plant database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202091149/http://plants.usda.gov/index.html |date=2010-12-02 }}
* [http://www.linnean.org/ The Linnean Society of London]
* [http://wildflower.utexas.edu/ Native Plant Information Network]
* [http://www.best4plants.co.uk/Files/tradecentrepagecontent-pdffile-7.pdf Directory of Plants (PDF)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111121013915/http://www.best4plants.co.uk/Files/tradecentrepagecontent-pdffile-7.pdf |date=2011-11-21 }}

{{Botani}}

[[Kategori:Biologi]]


{{biologi-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>0pr8szlq4c3cywucvchjhq5o691c933</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alexander Graham Bell</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>7765</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746453</id>
      <parentid>1670879</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T15:37:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746453</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4882" sha1="lswqdr5s7idw68r69db4399mr9p1u2i" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Person
| name   = Alexander Graham Bell
| image     = Alexander Graham Bell.jpg  
| image_size     = 225px 
| caption  = Alexander Graham Bell taun 1910
| birth_date  = 3 Maret 1847
| birth_place = [[Edinburgh]], [[Sekotlan]], [[Karajan Manunggal Agung]]
| death_date  = {{death date and age|1922|8|2|1847|3|3|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Beinn Bhreagh]], [[Nova Scotia]], [[Kanada]]
| death_cause = [[Pernicious anemia]]
| education      = [[University of Edinburgh]]&lt;br /&gt;[[University College London]]&lt;br /&gt;
| occupation     = Penemu, Ilmuwan, Profesor (Boston University)
| known_for       = Penemu telepon
| spouse         = [[Mabel Hubbard]] &lt;br /&gt;(married 1877–1922)
| parents        = [[Alexander Melville Bell]]&lt;br /&gt;Eliza Grace Symonds Bell
| children       = (4) Loro anak tilar donya ing mangsa cilik lan loro anak wadon. 
| relatives      = [[Gardiner Greene Hubbard]] (Mertua)&lt;br /&gt;[[Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor]] (Keponakan)&lt;br /&gt;[[Melville Bell Grosvenor]] (cicit)}}
'''Alexander Graham Bell''' ([[Edinburgh]], [[Sekotlan]], [[3 Maret]] [[1847]] – Baddeck [[Nova Scotia]], [[Kanada]], [[2 Agustus]] [[1922]])  menika satunggiling penemu, ilmuwan, lan insinyur ingkang lair wonten ing Skotlandia nanging dados warga negara Kanada-Amerika. Karyanipun ingkang paling misuwur inggih punika nglamaraken paten telepon praktis ingkang sepisanan. Wonten ing warsa 1885, piyambakipun miwiti ngadegaken perusahaan [[American Telephone and Telegraph Company]] (AT&amp;T).&lt;ref name=&quot;WDL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ |title = Alexander Graham Bell Laboratory Notebook, 1875-1876 |website = [[World Digital Library]] |date = 1875-1876 |accessdate = 2013-07-23 |archive-date = 2015-02-03 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150203003124/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11375/ |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Karyanipun ingkang paling misuwur inggih punika nglamaraken paten telepon praktis ingkang sepisanan. Wonten ing warsa 1885, piyambakipun miwiti ngadegaken perusahaan American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&amp;T). Latar mburi kulawarganipun ing babagan [[elokusi]] lan [[wicara]], sarta ibu lan garwanipun ingkang [[tuli]], gadhah pengaruh ageng dhateng karyanipun. Panalitènipun ing babagan krungu lan wicara ngasilaken penemuan telepon,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmR0MOQAu0UC|title=Bell: Alexander Bell and the Conquest of Solitude|last=Bruce|first=Robert V.|date=1990|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-9691-2|location=Ithaca, New York|page=419}}&lt;/ref&gt; ingkang kangge piyambakipun nampi paten sepisanan saking Amerika Serikat wonten ing tanggal 7 Maret 1876.

Bell anggenipun ndeleng penemuan tilpun minangka gangguan dhateng karya ilmiah lan nampik gadhah telepon wonten ing ruang studinipun&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Alexander Graham Bell: An Inventive Life|last=MacLeod|first=Elizabeth|date=1999|publisher=Kids Can Press|isbn=978-1-55074-456-9|location=Toronto, Ontario|page=19}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ing pungkasan gesangipun, Bell nindakaken penemuan ing babagan [[telekomunikasi optik]], [[hidrofoil]], lan [[aeronautika]]. Minangka presi[[den kapindho saking National Geographic Society]] wiwit tanggal 7 Januari 1898 dumugi 1903, Bell gadhah pengaruh ageng dhateng organisasi lan majalahipun. Karyanipun ing babagan [[hereditas]] dipunanggep minangka studi bab warisan manungsa ingkang paling wigati lan migunani wonten ing Amerika abad kaping 19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Stansfield|first=W. D.|date=2005-01-01|title=The Bell Family Legacies|journal=Journal of Heredity|volume=96|issue=1|pages=1–3|doi=10.1093/jhered/esi007|issn=0022-1503|pmid=15618310|doi-access=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sumbangan Bell dhateng ilmu dasar dipunpisahaken saking penemuanipun, ingkang minangka salah satunggaling aspek wigati saking warisanipun.

== Réferènsi ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Tilpun]]
* [[Tilpun Reis]]

== Pranala njaba ==
{{Wikiquote}}
 
* [http://www.bellhomestead.ca/ Bell Homestead, National Historic Site]
* [http://www.alexanderbell.com/ Alexander Bell.com - Telecom Pionneers by Phonebook of the World.com]
* [http://histv2.free.fr/bell/bell1.htm Pidato Bell] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041113090503/http://histv2.free.fr/bell/bell1.htm |date=2004-11-13 }} di hadapan American Association for the Advancement of Science di [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] padha [[27 Agustus]] [[1880]], menghadirkan [[fotopon]]. Dimuat sebagai &quot;On the Production and Reproduction of Sound by Light&quot; di ''American Journal of Sciences'', Third Series, vol. '''XX''', #118, Oktober 1880, hh. 305 - 324; dan sebagai &quot;[[Selenium]] and the Photophone&quot; di ''[[Nature]]'', September 1880

{{National Geographic}}

{{Commons category|Alexander Graham Bell}}
{{Artikel Dhasar}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bell, Alexander Graham}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1847]]
[[Kategori:Pati 1922|Bell]]


{{Amérika-Serikat-bio-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>lswqdr5s7idw68r69db4399mr9p1u2i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brodnica</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8226</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746507</id>
      <parentid>1572992</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T07:26:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746507</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2714" sha1="8cyn4n2qn9klrpgn63lbt0nrq571ar5" xml:space="preserve">{| border=1 cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;300px&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:large;&quot;&gt;'''{{PAGENAME}}'''&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=2|
{|
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot;|[[Gambar:POL_{{PAGENAME}}_COA.svg|120px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Lambang {{PAGENAME}}&lt;/small&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot;|[[Gambar:Flaga Brodnicy.jpg|120px]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Lokasi {{PAGENAME}}&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot;|
|align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140px&quot;|
|}
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Katrangan cekak
|- style=&quot;background: #ffffff;&quot;
| [[Provinsi ing Polen|Provinsi]]: || [[Provinsi Kuyawia-Pomerania|Kuyawia-Pomerania (kujawsko-pomorskie)]]
|- style=&quot;background: #ffffff;&quot;
| Hak kutha: || 1298
|- style=&quot;background: #ffffff;&quot;
| Jembar: || [[kilomèter persegi|23,15 km²]]
|- style=&quot;background: #ffffff;&quot;
| [[Padunung]]: || 28 837 jiwa
|- style=&quot;background: #ffffff;&quot;
| Pelat nomer kendaran motor: || &lt;tt&gt;CBR&lt;/tt&gt;
|- style=&quot;background: #ffffff;&quot;
| Alamat&lt;br /&gt;balé kutha: || ul. Kamionka 23&lt;br/&gt;87-300 {{PAGENAME}}
|- style=&quot;background: #ffffff;&quot;
| Situs wèb resmi: ||http://www.brodnica.pl  e-mail: umb@brodnica.pl 
|- 
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; | Pulitik
|- style=&quot;background: #ffffff;&quot;
| Walikutha: || Jarosław Radacz
|}

'''Brodnica''' ([[basa Jerman|Jerman]] ''Strasburg'') iku siji kutha ing [[Polen]] sisih lor. Kutha iki sing ndunungi 28 837 jiwa (31.12.2008). Wiwit taun 1975 nganti taun 1998 kutha iki kalebu sajeroning wewengkon provinsi Toruń Voivodeship. Wiwit taun 1999 kalebu wewengkon Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship.

==Kutha kembar==
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Strasburg, Jerman|Strasburg]], [[Jerman]]
* {{flagicon|Dhènemarken}} [[Brørup]], [[Dhènemarken]]
* {{flagicon|Litowen}} [[Kėdainiai]], [[Litowen]]
* {{flagicon|Swèdhen}} [[Kristinehamn]], [[Swèdhen]]

==Klub-klub Ulah raga==

*[[Sparta Brodnica]] - [[bal-balan]]

== Gladri ==

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Brodnica, Pałac Anny Wazówny.JPG|
File:Brodnica, Brama Chełmińska.jpg|
File:Brodnica, Poland - panoramio (4).jpg|
File:Brodnica, Wieża Mazurska.JPG|
File:Brodnica, Duży Rynek (cropped).JPG|
File:Brodnica. ... Duży Rynek z widokiem w kierunku ratusza - panoramio.jpg|
File:Kościół Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Brodnicy.jpg|
File:Galeria Brodnica.JPG|
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Pranala njaba ==

*[https://www.portal.brodnica.pl/ Brodnica]
*[http://www.visittorun.pl/262,l2.html Visit Brodnica] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711151446/http://www.visittorun.pl/262,l2.html |date=2010-07-11 }}

{{Commons|Category:Brodnica}}

[[Kategori:Kutha ing Polen]]


{{Poland-geo-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>8cyn4n2qn9klrpgn63lbt0nrq571ar5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bilbao</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>20053</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746493</id>
      <parentid>1457345</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T04:58:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746493</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1266" sha1="4npd0xnbjc2oswox63frojeq5x6bai1" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:A Bibao - Puppy - de Jeff Koons.jpg‎|right|thumb|Jeff Koons Puppy]]

'''Bilbao''' ([[Basque]]: ''Bilbo'') iku siji [[kutha]] gedhé dhéwé ing [[Pais Vasco]], pérangan lor [[Spanyol]] lan [[kutha krajan]] [[provinsi]] [[Vizcaya]] (Basque: ''Bizkaia''). Kutha iki ndarbèni sing ndunungi punjul [[350]].[[000]] jiwa ([[2004]]) lan minangka pérangan Gran Bilbao kang industrialisasi lan ekonominé paling maju. Padunung Gran Bilbao kang cacahé [[946]].[[829]] nyebar ing sadawané [[Kali Nervion]], kang pinggiré uga dadi panggonan kanggo bisnis, pertambangan [[wesi]], lan [[pabrik]], kang ing mangsa [[revolusi indhustri]] nadadèkaké makmur wewengkon iki.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.bilbao.net Bilbao's official web page] {{Webarchive|url=http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20160612010330/http://www.bilbao.net/ |date=2016-06-12 }}
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=bilbao,+spain&amp;spn=0.118544,0.240704&amp;t=k&amp;hl=en Bilbao in Google Maps]
* [http://www.euskomedia.org/euskomedia/SAunamendi?idi=en&amp;op=7&amp;voz=BILBAO BILBAO in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa)] Information available in [[Spanish language|Spanish]]

[[Kategori:Kutha ing Spanyol]]


{{geo-stub}}

&lt;!-- The below are interlanguage links. --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4npd0xnbjc2oswox63frojeq5x6bai1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kuomintang</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>20974</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746480</id>
      <parentid>1664828</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T00:20:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>319</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Wu_Den-yih_(Chopped).jpg with [[File:Wu_Den-yih.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR6|Criterion 6]] (maintenance or bug fix) · original picture, not chopped).</comment>
      <origin>1746480</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1807" sha1="mb1ucv0bf6m344qk8oow1mnxpw6afhv" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg|jmpl|250px|ka|Lambang Parté Kuomintang]]
'''Kuomintang''' utawa '''Parté Nasionalis China''' ([[Hanzi]]: 中國國民黨; [[hanyu pinyin]]: ''zhongguo guomindang'') iku [[parté pulitik]] kang tuwa dhéwé sajeroning sajarah modern [[Tiongkok]]. Parté diyasa déning [[Sun Yat-sen]] mawa tujuan révolusi nglawan [[kamaharajan Qing]] lan ngadegaké Républik China minangka panganyaran ing Tiongkok.

Saiki, Kuomintang iku parté dominan ing Républik China (Taiwan) lan njurung pamanunggalan karo [[Républik Rakyat China]] tinimbang kamardikan Taiwan.

== Sajarah Parté ==

== Kapemimpinan ==
[[File:Wu Den-yih.jpg|thumb|Wu Den-yih]]

Pemimpin-pemimpin Kuomintang:
* [[Dr. Sun Yat-sen]] (1894 - Maret 1925)
* [[Chiang Kai-shek]] (Mèi 1926 - Maret 1927)
* [[Hu Han-min]] (Dhésèmber 1935 - Mèi 1936)
* [[Chiang Kai-shek]] (April 1938 - April 1975)
* [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] (April 1975 - Januari 1988)
* [[Lee Teng-hui]] (Januari 1988 - Maret 2000)
* [[Lien Chan]] (Maret 2000 - Agustus 2005)
* [[Ma Ying-jeou]] (Agustus 2005 - Fèbruari 2007)
* [[Wu Po-hsiung]] (April 2007 - Oktober 2009)
* [[Ma Ying-jeou]] (Oktober 2009 - Dhésèmber 2014)
* [[Wu Den-yih]] (Dhésèmber 2014 - Januari 2015)
* [[Eric Chu]] (Januari 2015 - Januari 2016)
* [[Huang Min-hui]] (Januari 2016 - Maret 2016)
* [[Hung Hsiu-chu]] (Maret 2016 - Juli 2017)
* [[Lin Junq-tzer]] (Juli 2017 - Agustus 2017)
* [[Wu Den-yih]] (Agustus 2017 -)

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Parté Kuminis China]]
* [[Parté Progresif Dhémokratik]]
* [[Parté Anyar]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* {{zh}} [http://www.kmt.org.tw/ Situs resmi Kuomintang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829092339/http://www.kmt.org.tw/ |date=2019-08-29 }}

[[Kategori:Partai pulitik]]
[[Kategori:Républik Cina]]</text>
      <sha1>mb1ucv0bf6m344qk8oow1mnxpw6afhv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Agen Oranye</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23088</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746450</id>
      <parentid>1670225</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T14:16:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746450</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23069" sha1="p7b82h7cd20kztkgzvvt9txtmz0yssr" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Defoliation agent spraying.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Vietnam]]. Misi Pamusnahan Tetuwuhan. Sawijining hèlikopter UH-1D saka Kompi Panerbang nomer 336 nyemprotaké agen defoliasi (pangrontok godhong-godhongan) ing sandhuwuré alas gedhé ing Delta [[Mekong]], [[26 Juli]] [[1969]]]]

'''Agen Oranye''' lan &quot;'''Super Oranye'''&quot; iku jejuluk kang diwènèhaké kanggo [[herbisida]] lan [[defolian]] kang digunakaké déning [[Militer Amérikah Sarékat]] ing [[peperangan herbisida]] (''herbicidal warfare'') suwéné [[Perang Vietnam]]. Ing peperangan herbisida mau, sapérangan herbisida kalebu Agen Oranye digunakaké kanthi maksud kanggo ngancuraké prodhuksi bahan pangan lan wiwitan kang didadèaké minangka papan pandhelikan mungsuh. Agen Oranye digunakaké saka taun 1961 tekan taun 1971, lan ing antarané kabèh kang ingaran &quot; [[herbisida kluwung]]&quot; kang paling mbebayani, kang digunakaké ing program iki. Degradasi Agen Oranye (éwadéné [[Agen Ungu]], [[Agen Jambon|Jambon]], lan [[Agen Ijo|Ijo]]) nglepasaké [[dioxin]], kang didakwa wus mbebayani marang kaséhatan wong kang kapaparaké ing mangsa Perang Vietnam. Agen [[Agen Biru|Biru]] lan [[Agen Putih|Putih]] iku péranganing program kang padha nanging ora ngandhut dioxin. Studi ngenani penduduk kang kapapar dioxin, éwadéné ora kudu Agen Oranye, nunjukaké ningkaté résiko manéka warna jinis kanker lan cacat genetis. Dampak paparan ing tingkat cendhèk kanggo jangka wektu kang suwé durung bisa dipesthèaké. Wiwit 1980-an, sapérangan tuntutan ukum wus diajokaké marang perusahaan-perusahaan kang mprodhuksi Agen Oranye, ing antarané ya iku [[Dow Chemical Company|Dow Chemical]], [[Monsanto]] lan [[Diamond Shamrock]] (ngasilaké mung 5% &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.answers.com Answers.com]-[http://www.answers.com/topic/ultramar-diamond-shamrock-corporation Ultramar Diamond Shamrock Corporation]. Diaksès nalika [[19 April]] [[2007]]&lt;/ref&gt;). Para vèteran AS olèh ganti rugi AS$180 yuta taun 1984, lan para vèteran kang gedhé dhéwé kena akibaté nampa ganti rugi sapisan ya iku AS $1.200. Para vèteran Amérika saka perang ing Vietnam ngupaya olèh pangakuan ngenani Agen Oranye, kompensasi lan perawatan kanggo penderitaan kang dialami para veteran lan anak-anaké amarga Agen iki; akèh véteran Vietnam kang kapapar Agen Oranye ora kasil olèh perawatan medhis kang wus dijanjèaké liwat sistem medhis Dhépartemèn Urusan Vèteran lan mung ing kasus-kasus kang istiméwa anak-anaké kang kena prabawa kasil olèh bantuan keséhatan saka pamaréntah. Para vèteran Vietnam lan kulawargané kang sepisanan ngajokaké tuntutan dhateng Agen Oranye iki nelaaké 25 taun kapungkur yèn pamaréntah &quot;mung nunggu awake dhéwé kabèh mati&quot;. Para veteran nutuh yèn sapérangan gedhé veteran kang isih urip bakal mati amarga akibat-akibat paparan racun iki suwéné pérangan taun ngarep, sadurungé umur 65 taun. Ing papan-papan liya, para vèteran [[Australia]], [[Kanada]] lan [[Niu Sélan]] olèh ganti rugi kanggo panylesaian sakjaban pangadilan ing taun kang padha. Taun 1999, para vèteran [[Koréa Kidul]] ngajokaké tuntutan ukum ing Koréa; ing wulan Januari 2006, Pangadilan Bandhing Koréa mréntahaké Monsanto lan Dow mbayar ganti rugi AS$62 yuta. Nanging, ora ana siji-sijiya wong Vietnam kang kasil olèh kompénsasi. Tanggal [[10 Maret]] [[2005]] [[Hakim]] [[Jack Weinstein]] saka [[Pangadilan Federal]] [[Brooklyn]] nolak tuntutan kang diajokaké déning wong-wong Vietnam kurban Agen Oranye marang perusahaan-perusahaan kimia kang mrodhuksi defolian/herbisida iki.

== Dhéskripsi ==
Agen Oranye, olèh jeneng saka tong-tong kanthi garis-garis oranye kang ukurané 55 galon AS, papan pangirimané, kira-kira ya iku campuran 1:1 saka loro [[herbisida fenoksi]] ing wangun [[ester]], [[2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid]] (2,4-D) lan [[2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid]] (2,4,5-T). Loro herbisida iki dikembangaké taun 1940-an déning tim-tim independen ing [[Inggris]] lan [[Amérikah Sarékat]] kanggo ngendhalèni tetuwuhan kang godhongé amba. Agen-agen fenoksi iki makarya kanthi niru [[hormon tetuwuhan]] tetuwuhan, [[indoleacetic acid]] (IAA). Yèn disemprotaké ing tetuwuhan kang godhongé amba, bakal ngrangsang tuwuh kanthi rikat lan ora bisa dikendhalèaké lan pungkasané ngrontokaké godhong-godhongé. Yèn disemprotaké ing tetuwuhan kaya [[gandum]] utawa [[jagung]], bakal kanthi selektif matèni mung tetuwuhan kang godhongé amba ing ladang – ilalang – lan tetuwuhan liyané relatif ora kena prabawa. Herbisida iki sepisanan diwanuhaké taun 1946 lan dipigunaaké kanthi wiyar ing [[tetanèn]] ing pertengahan 1950-an lan sepisanan diwanuhaké ing ladang-ladang tetanèn ing [[Aguadilla]], [[Puerto Rico]].

Nalika Agen Oranye didol marang pamaréntah AS kanggo digunakaké ing Vietnam, memo-memo intern pabrik-pabriké ndungkap yèn wus dingertèni manawa dioxin, [[tetrachlorodibenzodioxin|2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin]] (TCDD), diprodhuksi minangka prodhuk sampingan saka panggawéan 2,4,5-T, saéngga ana ing herbisida ngendi waé kang nggunakaké. '''Program Toksikologi Nasional''' wus nggolongaké TCDD minangka dat karsinogen (jalaran kanker) kanggo manungsa, kang asring digayutaké kaliyan [[sarkoma jaringan empuk]], [[limfoma non-Hodgkin]], [[lelara Hodgkin]] lan [[leukemia limfositis kronis]] (LLK). Wiwit wektu iku 2,4,5-T wus dilarang dipigunaaké ing AS utawa ing akèh nagara liyané.

Éwadéné herbisida 2,4-D ora ngandhut dioxin, dhampaké marang kaséhatan lan lingkungan urip durung kanthi tuntas disinaoni, lan tetep wujud salah sawijining jinis herbisida kang paling wiyar dipigunaaké ing donya saiki.

Lelara-lelara kang dikaitké karo paparan dioxin – ora kudu karo Agen Oranye, iku sejinis jerawat kang ingaran [[chloracne]], sarkoma jaringan lembut, [[limfoma Hodgkin]], lan [[limfoma non-Hodgkin]]. Uga wus tinemu kaitané karo diabetes, miturut sawijining panlitèn déning [[Institut kadhokteran]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iom.edu Institute of Medicine]-''[http://www.iom.edu/CMS/3793/4689/4695.aspx Veterans and Agent Orange: Herbicide/Dioxin Exposure and Type 2 Diabetes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001224724/http://www.iom.edu/CMS/3793/4689/4695.aspx |date=2009-10-01 }}''. Diakses tanggal [[19 April]] [[2007]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Lelara-lelara kanthi bukti-bukti winates ngenani gayutané kaliyan Agen Oranye iku kanker saluran napas, [[kanker prostat]], [[myeloma ganda]], [[Porphyria cutanea tarda]] (sejinis lelara kulit), acute lan subacute transient [[peripheral neuropathy]], [[spina bifida]], [[Diabetes mellitus jinis 2|diabetes jinis 2]], lan [[leukemia myelogenous akut]] kang mung ana ing génerasi kapindho utawa katelu. Lelara-lelara kanthi bukti-bukti kang winates utawa bukti-bukti kang ora nyukupi ing sawijining assosiasi ya iku kanker ati, gronggongan irung utawa [[Nasopharyngeal carcinoma|kanker nasopharyngeal]], kanker balung, kanker piranti réproduksi wanita, [[kanker ginjel]], [[kanker testis]], [[leukemia]], aborsi spontan, [[cacat kalairan]], kamatian neonatal utawa bayi lan [[stillbirth]]s, bobot awak asor nalika lair, kanker ing mangsa bocah, parameter sperma kang abnormal, gangguan neuro-psikiatris kognitif, [[ataxia]], gangguan sistem saraf periferi, gangguan peredaran, gangguan ambegan, kanker kulit, kanker saluran uyuh lan kandhung uyuh. Lelara-lelara kanthi bukti-bukti winates utawa sugestif ngenani ora anané gayutané ya iku tumor jaringan weteng kaya kanker weteng, kanker pankreas, [[kanker usus]], kanker anus, lan [[tumor utek]].&lt;ref name=&quot;msnbc&quot;&gt;[http://www.msnbc.com MSNBC]-&quot;[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14721554/ Agent Orange study ends, no cancer link found]&quot; olèh [[Associated Press]]. Asliné diterbitaké tanggal [[7 September]] [[2006]]. Diakses tanggal [[19 April]] [[2007]].&lt;/ref&gt;

== Panggunaan sanjabanning Vietnam ==

Ing wulan September 2000, Perhimpunan Véteran Amérikah Sarékat ngakoni yèn Agen Oranye dipigunaaké ing Koréa ing pungkasaning taun 1960-an. [http://www1.va.gov/AgenOranye/docs/AOIB10-49JUL03.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118035249/http://www1.va.gov/AgenOranye/docs/AOIB10-49JUL03.pdf |date=2012-01-18 }} Wadya Républik Koréa dilapuraké wus nyemprotaké, lan prakara iki dumadi ing sadawané garis bébas militèr (DMZ) kaliyan [[Koréa Lor]]. Dhépartemèn Urusan Véteran uga wus ngakoni yèn Agen Oranye dipigunaaké ing njero nagara déning wadyabala-wadyabala AS, uga ing Kanada ing wektu kang padha 
[http://www1.va.gov/AgenOranye/docs/Report_on_DoD_Herbisidas_Outside_of_Vietnam.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118034926/http://www1.va.gov/AgenOranye/docs/Report_on_DoD_Herbisidas_Outside_of_Vietnam.pdf |date=2012-01-18 }}.

== Dhampak program ==
=== Komisi Agen Oranye New Jersey ===
Taun 1980, [[New Jersey]] maujud Komisi Agen Oranye New Jersey, komisi praja sepisanan kang diwangun kanggé nyinaoni dhampaké. Proyèk panlitèn Komisi iki kang kakait kaliyan Universitas Rutgers ingaran &quot;The Pointman Project&quot;. Komisi iki dibubaraké déning Gubernur [[Christine Todd Whitman]] taun 1996. New York Times, [[3 Juli]] [[1996]].

Ing mangsa Pointman I, para panliti Komisi iki nyiptaaké cara-cara kanggo nemtokaké tingkat dioxin kang asor ing getih. Sadurungé, tingat dioxin kang asor banget mung bisa tinemu ing [[Jaringan adipose|jaringan adipose (lemak)]]. Proyèk iki mbandhingaké tingkat dioxin ing saklompok cilik véteran Vietnam kang wus kapapar Agen Oranye kaliyan saklompok véteran liyané kang sebandhing kang ora naté tugas ing Vietnam. Asil proyèk iki diterbiaté ing Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) taun 1988. (Vol. 259 No. 11, [[18 Maret]] [[1988]]).

Tahap kapindho saka proyèk iki terus nliti lan mbandhingaké tingkat dioxin ing sapérangan golongan véteran Vietnam kalebu angkatan dharat, marinir, lan personil wadya lautan kapal kali. Saliyané iku, Komisi iki siji-sijiné badan kang nliti tingkat kaya mangkono kanggo kaum pawèstri kang tugas ing Vietnam.

== Tuntutan ukum ==
Taun 1984, pabrik-pabrik Agen Oranye mbayar marang sapérangan veteran Australia, Kanada lan Niu Selan ing sawijining pangrampungan ganti rugi sanjaban pangadilan.&lt;ref name=mercurynews&gt;{{cite news | title=Koréa orders Agen Oranye payments | date=26 Januari 2006 | publisher=Mercury News | url=http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/world/13714640.htm }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tuntutan ukum aksi kelas warga Vietnam kurban AS ===
Tanggal [[31 Januari]] [[2004]], sawijining golongan pambela [[hak asasi manungsa]] para kurban Agen Oranye, Perhimpunan Vietnam kanggo Para Kurban Agen Oranye/Dioxin (VAVA), ngajokaké tuntutan ukum ing sawijining [[Pangadilan Distrik]] Federal AS ing [[Brooklyn, New York]], marang sapérangan perusahaan AS, amarga njalari kacintrakan pribadi, kanthi ngembangaké lan mrodhuksi bahan kimia iku. [[Dow Chemical]] lan [[Monsanto]] iku loro prodhusén gedhé dhéwé Agen Oranye kanggo militèr AS, lan ingaran ing tuntutan iki bebarengan kaliyan puluhan perusahaan liyané (Diamond Shamrock, Uniroyal, Thompson Chemicals, Hercules, lsp.). Sapérangan tuntutan ukum déning [[militèr Amérikah Sarékat|wadya Amérika]] dirampungaké sanjaban pangadilan – tanpa pangakuan luput déning pihak perusahaan-perusahaan kimia iku – ing taun-taun sawisé Perang Vietnam. Taun 1984, sapérangan perusahaan kimia kang mprodhuksi Agen Oranye mbayar AS$180 yuta dana kanggo para veteran Amérikah Sarékat sawisé sawijining tuntutan ukum.

Tanggal [[10 Maret]] [[2005]], [[hakim]] pangadilan distrik, Jack Weinstein – kang naté mbela para veteran AS kurban Agen Oranye –nolak tuntutan iku, lan nelakaké yèn para panuntut ora duwé dhasar ukum kanggo klaim-klaimé. Hakim nyimpulaké yèn Agen Oranye ora dianggep racun ing sangisoré [[undang-undang internasional]] nalika dat iku dipigunaaké déning AS; lan yèn AS ora dilarang migunakaké minangka herbisida; sarta perusahaan-perusahaan kang mrodhuksi dat iku ora bisa dikenani tuntutan kanggo métodhe panggunaané déning pamaréntah. [[Pamaréntah]]  AS ora dadi péranganing tuntutan iku, amarga klaimé marang [[kakebalan amarga kadhaulatan]] é.

Tanggal [[30 September]] [[2005]], wong-wong Vietnam para kurban Agen Oranye ngajokaké bandhing marang Pangadilan Bandhing Sirkuit Kaloro. Diprayogakaké yèn Pangadilan Bandhing iki bakal mbukak sawijining argumen lésan ngenani bab iki ing Usum Gugur 2006. Ing wektu iku, bandhing bakal dipusataké ing tekan ngendi kasus iki bisa diuripaké manèh lan bakal diajokaké menyang pangadilan.

Kanggo nulung wong-wong kang kena dhampak Agen Oranye/Dioxin, pamaréntah  Vietnam wus maujud &quot;Désa perdamaian&quot;, kang saben désa nampung antarané 50 tekan 100 kurban, mènèhi wong-wong mau bantuan medhis lan psikologis. Taun 2006, ana 11 désa perdamaian kaya mangkono iku, kang mènèhi pangreksan sosial marang ora nganti 1000 wong kurbané. Para veteran AS saka perang ing Vietnam, LSM lan pribadi-pribadi kang sadhar lan duwé simpati kaliyan dhampak Agen Oranye uga wus njurung program-program iki ing Vietnam. Sawijining golongan internasional Veteran saka AS lan sekuthu-sekuthuné suwéné Perang Vietnam makarya bebarengan kaliyan tilas mungsuh-mungsuhé – para veteran saka Perhimpunan Veteran Vietnam – ngedegaké Désa Persahabatan Vietnam [http://www.vietnamfriendship.org] kang papané sanjaban Hanoi. Pusat iki mènèhi perawatan medhis, réhabilitasi, lan pelatihan karya kanggo anak-anak lan para veteran saka Vietnam kang kena prabawa Agen Oranye.

Dhépartemèn Urusan Veteran AS wus ndaftaraké kanker prostat, kanker saluran ambegan, myeloma dhobel, diabetes jinis II, lelara Hodgkin, limfoma non-Hodgkin, sarkoma jaringan lembut, chloracne, porphyria cutanea tarda, neuropati periferal, lan [[spina bifida]] ing kalangan anak-anak para veteran kang kapapar déning Agen Oranye minangka dampak saka herbisida iku.

=== Tuntutan ukum ing Koréa Kidul ===
Ing taun 1999, sakiwa-tengené 20.000 wong [[Koréa Kidul]] ngajokaké loro tuntutan ukum kang kapisah marang perusahaan-perusahaan AS, kanthi ganti rugi gedhéné punjul $5 milyar. Sawisé kalah ing kaputusan ing taun 2002, wong-wong mau ngajokaké [[bandhing]].

Ing wulan Januari 2006, Pangadilan Bandhing Koréa Kidul mréntahaké Dow Chemical lan Monsanto mbayar $62 yuta minangka ganti rugi marang sakiwa-tengené 6.800 wong. Kaputusan iku ngakoni yèn &quot;pihak kang dilapuraké gagal mesthèkaké kaamanan dat defolian kang diprodhuksi amarga nduwé tingkat dioxin kang luwih dhuwur tinimbang kang baku,&quot; lan, sambi ngutip lapuran Akademi Èlmu Pangetauan Nasional AS, nelakaké yèn ana &quot;gegandhéngan sebab-akibat&quot; antarané Agen Oranye lan 11 lelara, kalebu kanker paru-paru, tenggorokan lan prostat. Nanging sanajan mangkono, para hakim gagal ngakoni &quot;gegandhéngan antarané dat kimia iku kaliyan [[peripheral neuropathy]], lelara kang paling wiyar tinemu ing antarané para kurban Agen Oranye&quot; miturut ''[[Mercury News]]''.

Wadya Koréa Kidul iku kontingen asing gedhé dhéwé saka sekuthu AS ing Vietnam, kanthi nyumbang sakiwa-tengené 320.000 wadyabala. Koréa Kidul kélangan 5.077 wadya sauntara 10.962 lara tatu-tatu, mangkono ''Mercury News''&lt;ref name=mercurynews/&gt;.

== Anéka rupa ==
* Perusahaan [[Union Carbide]] mrodhuksi bahan-bahan kanggo Agen Oranye ing [[Homebush Bay]] ing [[Sydney]], [[Australia]] papan [[Olimpiade Musim Panas 2000|Olimpiade Sydney 2000]] diadani.[http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/earth/stories/s160995.htm]
* Pabrik Uniroyal ing [[Elmira, Ontario|Elmira]], [[Ontario]] iku siji saka pitung pamasok kang mrodhuksi Agen Oranye kanggo panggunaan militèr AS ing Vietnam.
* Sawijining komisi internasional&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url = http://www.thanhniennews.com/politics/?catid=1&amp;newsid=5476 |title = Int'l committee for Agent Orange victims launched |author = Tuoi Tre |date = 2005-03-10 |work = Thanh Nien |publisher = Vietnam National Youth Federation |accessdate = 2006-06-13 |archive-date = 2022-05-29 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220529123839/http://www.thanhniennews.com/politics/?catid=1&amp;newsid=5476 |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; kanggo njurung warga Vietnam para kurban Agen Oranye, wus nerbitaké sawijining lapuran ngenani dhampak Agen Oranye ing Vietnam.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite paper |author= Bouny, André |date= 2005-08-08 |url= http://www.monde-solidaire.org/spip/article.php3?id_article=2295 |title= Epandage de l’Agent Orange par l’US Army au Viêt Nam et ses conséquences (in French) |publisher= Comité International de Soutien aux victimes vietnamiennes de l’Agent Orange et au procès de New York |accessdate= 2006-06-13 |archive-date= 2006-05-27 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060527034732/http://www.monde-solidaire.org/spip/article.php3?id_article=2295 |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite paper |author= Bouny, André |date= 2006-04-12 |url= http://www.stopusa.be/scripts/texte.php?section=CL&amp;langue=3&amp;id=24471 |title= Spraying of Agent Orange by US Army in Vietnam and its consequences |publisher= Stop United States of Aggression (Stop. USA) |accessdate= 2006-06-13 |archive-date= 2007-02-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070211232140/http://www.stopusa.be/scripts/texte.php?section=CL&amp;langue=3&amp;id=24471 |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sawijining perusahaan Kanada kang nylidhiki kontaminasi Agen Oranye atas namané pamaréntah Vietnam wus ndungkap 'rasa kagété' yèn ing wewengkon-wewengkon tartamtu  Vietnam, kontaminasi dioxin iku ping 300 nganti ping 400 luwih dhuwur tinimbang  tingkat baku kang ditampa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url = http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2007/04/30/Agen-Oranye.html |title = Researchers 'shocked' at Agent Orange contamination in Vietnam |author = CBC News |date = 2007-04-30 |accessdate = 2007-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*Lagu band [[R.E.M (band)|R.E.M.]] &quot;Orange Crush&quot; sabeneré iku ngenani Agen Oranye.
*Sawijining lagu instrumental [[Depeche Mode]] diwènèhi sesirah &quot;Agent Orange&quot; kanggo herbisida mau.
*Ing filem sepisanan Rambo, ''First Blood'', Delmar Barry mati déning kanker amarga kapapar déning Agen Oranye.
*Band Punk Rock Orange County [[Agent Orange (band)|Agent Orange]] njupuk jenengé saka dat iki.

== Wacan terusan ==
* Weisman, Joan Murray. ''The Effects of Exposure to Agent Orange on the Intellectual Functioning, Academic Achievement, Visual Motor Skill, and Activity Level of the Offspring of Vietnam War Veterans.'' Tesis doctoral. Hofstra University. 1986.
* Klein, Robert. ''Wounded Men, Broken Promises.'' New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1981.
* Uhl, Michael, dan Tod Ensign. ''GI Guinea Pigs.'' Edisi kaping 1. New York: Playboy Press, 1981.
* Linedecker, Clifford, Michael Ryan, dan Maureen Ryan. ''Kerry: Agen Oranye dan an American Family.'' New York: St. Martins Press, 1982.
* Wilcox, Fred A. ''Waiting for an Army to Die.'' Edisi angka 1. New York: Random House, 1983.

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pirsanana uga ==
* [[Teratogen]]
* [[Dow Chemical]]
* [[Monsanto]]
* [[Perang Vietnam]]
* [[Uranium Depleted]]
* [[Thalidomida]]
* [[Herbisida]]

== Pranala njaba ==
*[http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1983/Jul-Aug/buckingham.html Operation Ranch Hand: Herbicides In Southeast Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222170309/http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1983/Jul-Aug/buckingham.html |date=2013-02-22 }} Sajarah Operasi Ranch Hand
* [http://withfriendship.com/user/tuyen/Agent-Orange.php Gambar-gambar ngenani akibat Agen Oranye] 
* [http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedb/afhs.html Air Force Health Study] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212035702/http://www.brooks.af.mil/AFRL/HED/hedb/afhs.html |date=2006-12-12 }} Studi ngenani para vèteran Operasi Ranch Hand 
* [http://www.nap.edu/catalog/11242.html Veteran lan Agen Oranye: Pamutakhiran 2004] Analisis riset ngenani dioxin déning Institut Kadhokteran
* [http://www.niehs.nih.gov/oc/factsheets/dioxin.htm Fakta ngenani  dioxin NIEHS]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4336941.stm Kasus hukum Agen Oranye legal ditolak] – lapuran ngenani kaputusan Pengadilan Federal AS bab ruling tuntutan saka  wadya Vietnam.
* [http://www.vietnam-dioxine.org/index.php?piIdLangue=2 www.vietnam-dioxin.org], situs informasi bab  konsekuensi Agen Oranye lan dioxin ing Vietnam, Kamboja lan Laos.
* http://www.ffrd.org/AgenOranye.htm{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Informasi ngenani dampak jangka panjang marang kaséhatan lan lingkungan urip saka Agen Oranye ing Asia Kidul-Wétan lan AS. Dhokumen-dhokumen pangadilan saka tuntutan Vietnam uga tinemu ing situs iki.
* [http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/en/exe-sum-final.pdf Pertimbangan résiko kaséhatan saka dioxin 1998] déning [[World Health Organization|WHO]] lan [[International Programme on Chemical Safety|IPCS]] (pdf).
* [http://www.Hijaufacts.org/dioxins/index.htm Ringkesan laporan sadurungé]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} déning [[GreenFacts]].
* [http://snopes.com/photos/medical/Oranye.asp Snopes.com's]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} artikel ngenani gambar-gambar Agen Oranye.
* [http://www.vn-AgenOranye.org/ Vietnam Agent Orange Relief &amp; Responsibility Campaign]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Kampanye njurung wong-wong Vietnam saka kurban Agen Oranye
* [http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-02/05/content_303315.htm Children and the Vietnam War 30-40 years after the use of Agent Orange], artikel kanthi gambar-gambar (pèngetan: ora disensor, mungel mengejutkan)
* [http://www.danangquangnamfund.org danangquangnamfund.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214114916/http://www.danangquangnamfund.org/ |date=2020-02-14 }} Èwonan layang lan foto kang dikirim déning kulawarga para kurban Agen Oranye ing saindhenging Vietnam
* [http://www.vanityfair.com/commentary/content/printables/060731roco03?print=true The Vietnam Syndrome]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Artikel olèh Christopher Hitchens dalam Vanity Fair, August 2006.
* [http://www.unregisterednews.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=32&amp;Itemid=46print=true Picking up the Pieces] Artikel kanthi pertanggungjawaban mutakhir Amérika bab dampak biologis saka Agen Oranye
* [http://www.pulitzercenter.org/showproject.cfm?id=31 Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612135950/http://www.pulitzercenter.org/showproject.cfm?id=31 |date=2007-06-12 }} Vietnam: War's Lasting Legacy. Laporan video saka lapangan ngenani dampak Agen Oranye kang isih ana.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Agen Oranye}}
[[Kategori:Peralatan militèr Perang Vietnam]]
[[Kategori:Herbisida]]
[[Kategori:Perang kimiawi]]
[[Kategori:Teratogen]]
[[Kategori:Defolian]]
[[Kategori:Pelanggaran hak asasi manungsa]]</text>
      <sha1>p7b82h7cd20kztkgzvvt9txtmz0yssr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Athletic Bilbao</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>26030</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746464</id>
      <parentid>1737786</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T20:53:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746464</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2142" sha1="4ljn6pozi8jcpttprn1dijphc1v7ehz" xml:space="preserve">[[File:San Mames Barria eta Bilboko ikuspegia.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Estadio San Mamès Kandhang Athlétic Bilbao]]
{{Football club infobox |
clubname = Athletic Club|
image    =  |
fullname = Athletic Club |
nickname = ''Los Leones'' (Singa) |
founded  = [[1898]] |
ground   = [[San Mamés Stadium|San Mamés]], &lt;br /&gt; [[Bilbao]], [[Spanyol]] |
capacity = 39,750&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fussballtempel.net/uefa/ESP.html www.fussballtempel.net]&lt;/ref&gt; |
chairman = [[Fernando García Macua]] |
manager  = [[Joaquín Caparrós]] |
season   = 2024-25 |  
position = La Liga, 4. |
league   = [[La Liga]] |
pattern_la1=_redlower|pattern_b1=_2redstripes2|pattern_ra1=_redlower|
leftarm1=FFFFFF|body1=FFFFFF|rightarm1=FFFFFF|shorts1=000000|socks1=000000|
pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=_vneck|pattern_ra2=|
leftarm2=008000|body2=008000|rightarm2=008000|shorts2=008000|socks2=008000|
}}
'''Athletic Bilbao''' iku tim [[bal-balan]] [[Spanyol]]. Kandhangé ing [[Bilbao]]. Tim iki diadegaké taun [[1898]]. 07. 18 Bebarengan karo tim [[Real Madrid]] lan [[FC Barcelona]], tim Athletic Bilbao dijuluki minangka tim &quot;sing ora naté angka gradasi&quot;, sarta tim-tim sing duwé akèh juru main bintang mawa bakat. Gelar sing tau direngkuh ya iku 8 juwara [[La Liga]]. Klub iki mainaké tetandhingan kandhang ing [[Stadion San Mames]] kanthi kapasitas 40.000 penonton.

== Prèstasi ==
* 8 [[La Liga]]: 1929-30, 1930-31, 1933-34, 1935-36, 1942-43, 1955-56, 1982-83, 1983-84.
* 25 [[Copa del Rey]]: 1902, 1903, 1904, 1910, 1911, 1914, 1915, 1916, 1921, 1923, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1950, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1969, 1973, 1984, 2024.
* 3 [[Supercopa de España]]: 1985, 2015, 2021.
* 1 [[Copa Eva Duarte]]: 1950

== Pamain kondhang ==
* [[Ismael Urzaiz]] ([[Spanyol]])
* [[Joseba Etxeberria]] ([[Spanyol]])
* [[Fernando Llorente]]
* [[Ander Herrera]]
* [[Kepa Arrizabalaga]]
* [[Aymeric Laporte]]
* [[Javi Martinez]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.athletic-club.net Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104135835/http://www.athletic-club.net/ |date=2015-01-04 }}

{{La Liga}}

[[Kategori:Tim bal-balan Spanyol]]


{{ulah raga-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>4ljn6pozi8jcpttprn1dijphc1v7ehz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Baros, Ketanggungan, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34142</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746484</id>
      <parentid>1702683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T01:12:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746484</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1270" sha1="nj3m1sbfbdu97waykflt883m7ezq1go" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Baros
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Ketanggungan
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Baros''',  iku [[désa]] ing [[Ketanggungan, Brebes|Kacamatan Ketanggungan]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Ketanggungan, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Ketanggungan, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>nj3m1sbfbdu97waykflt883m7ezq1go</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Buara, Ketanggungan, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34143</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746508</id>
      <parentid>1702843</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T07:39:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746508</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1267" sha1="gn3zo0pwsoxud74mq0beb8jmuz5qw5n" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Buara
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Ketanggungan
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Buara''',  iku [[désa]] ing [[Ketanggungan, Brebes|Kacamatan Ketanggungan]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Ketanggungan, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Ketanggungan, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>gn3zo0pwsoxud74mq0beb8jmuz5qw5n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bulakelor, Ketanggungan, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34144</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746512</id>
      <parentid>1702848</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T08:00:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746512</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1278" sha1="q6b8g6qjli6ap4rep2d9fv9prex2jl4" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Bulakelor
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Ketanggungan
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Bulakelor''',  iku [[désa]] ing [[Ketanggungan, Brebes|Kacamatan Ketanggungan]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Ketanggungan, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Ketanggungan, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>q6b8g6qjli6ap4rep2d9fv9prex2jl4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bandhungsari, Banjarharja, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34188</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746471</id>
      <parentid>1703372</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T23:51:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746471</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1357" sha1="cgjhaop2s0wccltp673m39dgh9dgcrv" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Bandhungsari
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Banjarharja
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          = -16,58 km2
| padunung        = -
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      = -334 jiwa/km2
}}
'''Bandhungsari''', ([[Basa Indonésia|cara Indonésia]]: Bandungsari), iku désa ing [[Banjarharja, Brebes|Kacamatan Banjarharja]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].
== Uga delengen ==
* [[Banjarharja, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]
== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Banjarharja, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>cgjhaop2s0wccltp673m39dgh9dgcrv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Banjar Lor, Banjarharja, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34189</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746474</id>
      <parentid>1702669</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T00:08:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746474</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1285" sha1="7i25bmfiw6c61mjsrsqnus3oxey1nvr" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Banjar Lor
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Banjarharja
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          = -
| padunung        = -
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      = -
}}
'''Banjar Lor''', iku désa ing [[Banjarharja, Brebes|Kacamatan Banjarharja]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Banjarharja, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Banjarharja, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>7i25bmfiw6c61mjsrsqnus3oxey1nvr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Banjarharja, Banjarharja, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34190</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746478</id>
      <parentid>1702673</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T00:15:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746478</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1287" sha1="rm1a6aosokrux40zpk04qn3hx52awiw" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Banjarharja
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Banjarharja
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          = -
| padunung        = -
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      = -
}}
'''Banjarharja''', iku désa ing [[Banjarharja, Brebes|Kacamatan Banjarharja]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Banjarharja, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Banjarharja, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>rm1a6aosokrux40zpk04qn3hx52awiw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Blandhongan, Banjarharja, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34191</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746495</id>
      <parentid>1702732</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T05:35:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746495</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1338" sha1="4lm0lpxdardihmrsrs8886vt22xjhzf" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Bladhongan
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Banjarharja
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          = -
| padunung        = -
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      = -
}}
'''Blandhongan''',  ([[Basa Indonésia|cara Indonésia]]: Blandongan), iku désa ing [[Banjarharja, Brebes|Kacamatan Banjarharja]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Banjarharja, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Banjarharja, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>4lm0lpxdardihmrsrs8886vt22xjhzf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bangbayang, Bantarkawung, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34977</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746472</id>
      <parentid>1702667</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T23:54:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746472</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1209" sha1="gwmjxp6hxewj90fyi28kqjhepabny8o" xml:space="preserve">{{désa
|peta          =
|jeneng          =Bangbayang
|provinsi      =Jawa Tengah
|dati2         =Kabupatèn
|jeneng dati2    =Brebes
|kecamatan     =Bantarkawung
|jeneng pemimpin =-
|wewengkon          =-
|pedunung      =-
|kapadhetan     =-
}}
'''Bangbayang''', iku salah siji désa / kalurahan ing [[Bantarkawung, Brebes|Kecamatan Bantarkawung]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Bantarkawung, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Bantarkawung, Brebes}}


{{kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>gwmjxp6hxewj90fyi28kqjhepabny8o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Banjarsari, Bantarkawung, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34979</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746479</id>
      <parentid>1702674</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T00:18:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746479</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1209" sha1="gsos2vh2g0cgotyv2xi3djgwmgpnev0" xml:space="preserve">{{désa
|peta          =
|jeneng          =Banjarsari
|provinsi      =Jawa Tengah
|dati2         =Kabupatèn
|jeneng dati2    =Brebes
|kecamatan     =Bantarkawung
|jeneng pemimpin =-
|wewengkon          =-
|pedunung      =-
|kapadhetan     =-
}}
'''Banjarsari''', iku salah siji désa / kalurahan ing [[Bantarkawung, Brebes|Kecamatan Bantarkawung]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Bantarkawung, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Bantarkawung, Brebes}}


{{kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>gsos2vh2g0cgotyv2xi3djgwmgpnev0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bantarkawung, Bantarkawung, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34980</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746481</id>
      <parentid>1702675</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T00:30:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746481</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1213" sha1="82bnqhl9ym07gos1efmw5bv08elbexh" xml:space="preserve">{{désa
|peta          =
|jeneng          =Bantarkawung
|provinsi      =Jawa Tengah
|dati2         =Kabupatèn
|jeneng dati2    =Brebes
|kecamatan     =Bantarkawung
|jeneng pemimpin =-
|wewengkon          =-
|pedunung      =-
|kapadhetan     =-
}}
'''Bantarkawung''', iku salah siji désa / kalurahan ing [[Bantarkawung, Brebes|Kecamatan Bantarkawung]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Bantarkawung, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Bantarkawung, Brebes}}


{{kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>82bnqhl9ym07gos1efmw5bv08elbexh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bantarwaru, Bantarkawung, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>34981</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746482</id>
      <parentid>1702676</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T00:31:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746482</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1209" sha1="6i0jepplh0jmfgkliibr9c4hfb70vyw" xml:space="preserve">{{désa
|peta          =
|jeneng          =Bantarwaru
|provinsi      =Jawa Tengah
|dati2         =Kabupatèn
|jeneng dati2    =Brebes
|kecamatan     =Bantarkawung
|jeneng pemimpin =-
|wewengkon          =-
|pedunung      =-
|kapadhetan     =-
}}
'''Bantarwaru''', iku salah siji désa / kalurahan ing [[Bantarkawung, Brebes|Kecamatan Bantarkawung]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Bantarkawung, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Bantarkawung, Brebes}}


{{kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>6i0jepplh0jmfgkliibr9c4hfb70vyw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Banjaranyar, Brebes, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35011</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746476</id>
      <parentid>1702671</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T00:11:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746476</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1250" sha1="n3q26meokzm5jenb1lzect4mo8fqk3p" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Banjaranyar
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Brebes
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Banjaranyar''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Brebes, Brebes|Kacamatan Brebes]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Brebes, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Brebes, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>n3q26meokzm5jenb1lzect4mo8fqk3p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Brebes, Brebes, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35013</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746506</id>
      <parentid>1702840</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T07:16:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746506</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1240" sha1="ge12l3cagucsrf88q87ctt8wq9csnnf" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Brebes
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Brebes
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Brebes''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Brebes, Brebes|Kacamatan Brebes]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Brebes, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Brebes, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>ge12l3cagucsrf88q87ctt8wq9csnnf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bangsri, Bulakamba, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35042</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746473</id>
      <parentid>1702668</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T00:03:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746473</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1187" sha1="qtpbgfp3h40bw00h91ff1c65k22wjzj" xml:space="preserve">{{désa
|peta          =
|jeneng          =Bangsri
|provinsi      =Jawa Tengah
|dati2         =Kabupatèn
|jeneng dati2    =Brebes
|kecamatan     =Bulakamba
|jeneng pemimpin =-
|wewengkon          =-
|pedunung      =-
|kapadhetan     =-
}}
'''Bangsri''' iku salah siji désa / kalurahan ing [[Bulakamba, Brebes|Kecamatan Bulakamba]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Bulakamba, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Bulakamba, Brebes}}


{{kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>qtpbgfp3h40bw00h91ff1c65k22wjzj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Banjaratma, Bulakamba, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35051</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746477</id>
      <parentid>1702672</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T00:12:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746477</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1193" sha1="nrhqz4y5pklwclgfadmmnl38iz7wpk0" xml:space="preserve">{{désa
|peta          =
|jeneng          =Banjaratma
|provinsi      =Jawa Tengah
|dati2         =Kabupatèn
|jeneng dati2    =Brebes
|kecamatan     =Bulakamba
|jeneng pemimpin =-
|wewengkon          =-
|pedunung      =-
|kapadhetan     =-
}}
'''Banjaratma''' iku salah siji désa / kalurahan ing [[Bulakamba, Brebes|Kecamatan Bulakamba]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Bulakamba, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Bulakamba, Brebes}}


{{kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>nrhqz4y5pklwclgfadmmnl38iz7wpk0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bulakamba, Bulakamba, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35052</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746511</id>
      <parentid>1702847</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T08:00:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746511</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1188" sha1="cop9tifsc6r8wag6753pn9x3xai2ex2" xml:space="preserve">{{désa
|peta          =
|jeneng          =Bulakamba
|provinsi      =Jawa Tengah
|dati2         =Kabupatèn
|jeneng dati2    =Brebes
|kecamatan     =Bulakamba
|jeneng pemimpin =-
|wewengkon          =-
|pedunung      =-
|kapadhetan     =-
}}
'''Bulakamba'''  iku salah siji désa / kalurahan ing [[Bulakamba, Brebes|Kecamatan Bulakamba]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

==Uga delengen==
* [[Bulakamba, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

==Pranala njaba==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Bulakamba, Brebes}}


{{kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>cop9tifsc6r8wag6753pn9x3xai2ex2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bulakparen, Bulakamba, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35053</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746513</id>
      <parentid>1702849</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T08:00:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746513</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="p9f334l2g3biiif5nvi0ax3frwd7hir" xml:space="preserve">{{désa
|peta          =
|jeneng          =Bulakparen
|provinsi      =Jawa Tengah
|dati2         =Kabupatèn
|jeneng dati2    =Brebes
|kecamatan     =Bulakamba
|jeneng pemimpin =-
|wewengkon          =-
|pedunung      =-
|kapadhetan     =-
}}
'''Bulakparen'''  iku salah siji désa / kalurahan ing [[Bulakamba, Brebes|Kecamatan Bulakamba]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

==Uga delengen==
* [[Bulakamba, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

==Pranala njaba==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Bulakamba, Brebes}}


{{kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>p9f334l2g3biiif5nvi0ax3frwd7hir</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bulusari, Bulakamba, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35054</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746514</id>
      <parentid>1702850</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T08:14:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746514</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1186" sha1="dmp4nbbicjdimvkbyf382jyfrk25kz8" xml:space="preserve">{{désa
|peta          =
|jeneng          =Bulusari
|provinsi      =Jawa Tengah
|dati2         =Kabupatèn
|jeneng dati2    =Brebes
|kecamatan     =Bulakamba
|jeneng pemimpin =-
|wewengkon          =-
|pedunung      =-
|kapadhetan     =-
}}
'''Bulusari'''  iku salah siji désa / kalurahan ing [[Bulakamba, Brebes|Kecamatan Bulakamba]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

==Uga delengen==
* [[Bulakamba, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

==Pranala njaba==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Bulakamba, Brebes}}


{{kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>dmp4nbbicjdimvkbyf382jyfrk25kz8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Adisana, Bumiayu, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35078</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746449</id>
      <parentid>1702583</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T13:47:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746449</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1244" sha1="hndmzlqe1cogpp00uyuywjhi5atznt7" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Adisana
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Bumiayu
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Adisana''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Bumiayu, Brebes|Kacamatan Bumiayu]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Bumiayu, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Bumiayu, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>hndmzlqe1cogpp00uyuywjhi5atznt7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bumiayu, Bumiayu, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35079</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746515</id>
      <parentid>1702852</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T08:22:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746515</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1244" sha1="byn09qem6shqtz4cnqxmph0etu31nvi" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Bumiayu
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Bumiayu
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Bumiayu''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Bumiayu, Brebes|Kacamatan Bumiayu]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Bumiayu, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Bumiayu, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>byn09qem6shqtz4cnqxmph0etu31nvi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bojong, Jatibarang, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35095</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746499</id>
      <parentid>1702831</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T06:14:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746499</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1260" sha1="r74fh9rwyl2xiuyfrbww1isruj13t9x" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Bojong
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Jatibarang
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Bojong''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Jatibarang, Brebes|Kacamatan Jatibarang]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Jatibarang, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Jatibarang, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>r74fh9rwyl2xiuyfrbww1isruj13t9x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Buaran, Jatibarang, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35096</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746509</id>
      <parentid>1702844</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T07:39:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746509</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1260" sha1="axdr5k28i7swu5mn8is39db50a4e12l" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Buaran
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Jatibarang
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Buaran''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Jatibarang, Brebes|Kacamatan Jatibarang]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Jatibarang, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Jatibarang, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>axdr5k28i7swu5mn8is39db50a4e12l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Babakan, Losari, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35219</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746466</id>
      <parentid>1702653</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T21:56:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746466</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1257" sha1="sz11x5lvwzqrrutpcudnf1ulwm5xkv0" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Babakan
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Losari
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          = -
| padunung        = -
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      = -
}}
'''Babakan''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Losari, Brebes|Kacamatan Losari]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Losari, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Losari, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>sz11x5lvwzqrrutpcudnf1ulwm5xkv0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Blubuk, Losari, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35220</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746498</id>
      <parentid>1702830</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T05:55:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746498</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1255" sha1="e4spkdpniu8qesb8qfr87uuo0xcwn2x" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Blubuk
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Losari
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          = -
| padunung        = -
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      = -
}}
'''Blubuk''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Losari, Brebes|Kacamatan Losari]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Losari, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Losari, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>e4spkdpniu8qesb8qfr87uuo0xcwn2x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bojongsari, Losari, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35222</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746500</id>
      <parentid>1702832</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T06:18:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746500</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1263" sha1="a4gdwlcwmuqrymxrm9v3zxgoveiwkl6" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Bojongsari
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Losari
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          = -
| padunung        = -
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      = -
}}
'''Bojongsari''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Losari, Brebes|Kacamatan Losari]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Losari, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Losari, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>a4gdwlcwmuqrymxrm9v3zxgoveiwkl6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Banjaran, Salem, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35269</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746475</id>
      <parentid>1702670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T00:10:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746475</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1251" sha1="ok2ririmlmvtev3wyxy02j0f6tlcrv8" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Banjaran
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Salem
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          = -
| padunung        = -
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      = -
}}
'''Banjaran''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Salem, Brebes|Kacamatan Salem]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Salem, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Salem, Brebes}}


{{kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>ok2ririmlmvtev3wyxy02j0f6tlcrv8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bentar, Salem, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35273</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746489</id>
      <parentid>1702725</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T04:08:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746489</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1246" sha1="dp8uuyg7lbscuwdvdxltoad60x9kr0g" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Bentar
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Salem
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          = -
| padunung        = -
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      = -
}}
'''Bentar''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Salem, Brebes|Kacamatan Salem]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

==Uga delengen==
* [[Salem, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

==Pranala njaba==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Salem, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>dp8uuyg7lbscuwdvdxltoad60x9kr0g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bentarsari, Salem, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35274</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746490</id>
      <parentid>1702726</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T04:08:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746490</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1258" sha1="trlk6fni691x2tjaimls0acxt51le9c" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Bentarsari
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Salem
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          = -
| padunung        = -
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      = -
}}
'''Bentarsari''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Salem, Brebes|Kacamatan Salem]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Salem, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Salem, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>trlk6fni691x2tjaimls0acxt51le9c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Capar, Salem, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35275</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746520</id>
      <parentid>1702858</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T10:40:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746520</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1248" sha1="i5fifk91xahmb58rffpdzd8phqkzfmf" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Capar
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Salem
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          = -
| padunung        = -
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      = -
}}
'''Capar''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Salem, Brebes|Kacamatan Salem]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Salem, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Salem, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>i5fifk91xahmb58rffpdzd8phqkzfmf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Batursari, Sirampog, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35293</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746486</id>
      <parentid>1702686</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T02:47:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746486</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1186" sha1="ioxmkz6okk4hyvfc6atjepie8ka80x9" xml:space="preserve">{{désa
|peta          =
|jeneng          =Batursari
|provinsi      =Jawa Tengah
|dati2         =Kabupatèn
|jeneng dati2    =Brebes
|kacamatan     =Sirampog
|jeneng pemimpin =-
|wewengkon          =-
|pedunung      =-
|kapadhetan     =-
}}
'''Batursari'''  iku salah siji désa / kalurahan ing [[Sirampog, Brebes|Kecamatan Sirampog]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], provinsi [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

==Uga delengen==
* [[Sirampog, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

==Pranala njaba==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Sirampog, Brebes}}


{{kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>ioxmkz6okk4hyvfc6atjepie8ka80x9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Benda, Sirampog, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35296</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746488</id>
      <parentid>1702713</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T03:50:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746488</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1245" sha1="kp247halsmn0ku1u8wjzfhj05xesmcb" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Benda
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Sirampog
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Benda''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Sirampog, Brebes|Kacamatan Sirampog]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Sirampog, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Sirampog, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>kp247halsmn0ku1u8wjzfhj05xesmcb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Buniwah, Sirampog, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35297</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746516</id>
      <parentid>1702853</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T08:34:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746516</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1249" sha1="2hn49byc0ai814e7v4rwjnjw88qjr95" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Buniwah
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Sirampog
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Buniwah''' iku [[désa]] ing [[Sirampog, Brebes|Kacamatan Sirampog]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Sirampog, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupaten Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupaten Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Sirampog, Brebes}}


{{Kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>2hn49byc0ai814e7v4rwjnjw88qjr95</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cenang, Songgom, Brebes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35310</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746522</id>
      <parentid>1702861</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T11:13:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746522</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1241" sha1="2fcset2gvx36tnxt86yuktp3nkg4mv2" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            = 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Cenang
| provinsi        = Jawa Tengah
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Brebes
| kacamatan       = Songgom
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Cenang''' iku désa ing [[Songgom, Brebes|Kacamatan Songgom]], [[Kabupatèn Brebes]], [[Provinsi Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonésia]].

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Songgom, Brebes]]
* [[Kabupatèn Brebes]]

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128050650/https://www.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2021-01-28 }}
* [http://www.bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Bappeda Kabupatèn Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222174756/http://bappeda.brebeskab.go.id/ |date=2009-02-22 }}
* [http://www.brebes.scbdp.net/ Situs Resmi SCBD Kabupatèn Brebes]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.brebes.net/ Situs resmi warga Brebes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122225112/http://brebes.net/ |date=2009-01-22 }}
{{Songgom, Brebes}}


{{kalurahan-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>2fcset2gvx36tnxt86yuktp3nkg4mv2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Munggu Raya, Astambul, Banjar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>48985</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746454</id>
      <parentid>1726372</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T15:39:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sibiru45</username>
        <id>59217</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1746454</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1385" sha1="oa1w1hyhhwtn9yhn0oc6pmrfcfn5ole" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            =Kantor Desa Munggu Raya, Astambul, Banjar.jpg 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Munggu Raya
| provinsi        = Kalimantan Kidul
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Banjar
| kacamatan       = Astambul
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Munggu Raya''' iku siji [[désa]] ing [[Kacamatan]] [[Astambul, Banjar|Astambul]], [[Kabupatèn Banjar]], Provinsi [[Kalimantan Kidul]], [[Indonésia]].

== Pranala njaba ==
*[http://banjarkab.go.id/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=cat_view&amp;gid=29&amp;Itemid=86  Kabupatèn Banjar jroning Angka 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704000859/https://banjarkab.go.id/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=cat_view&amp;gid=29&amp;Itemid=86 |date=2022-07-04 }}
*[http://sirusa.bps.go.id/doc/MFD.pdf Master Wewengkon ing situs BPS (Data Desember 2007)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010234806/http://sirusa.bps.go.id/doc/MFD.pdf |date=2010-10-10 }}
*[http://indonesiamaju.org/index.php/Kode-Desa/View-category.html?limitstart=20 Dhaptar kode désa Kalimantan Kidul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710064829/http://indonesiamaju.org/index.php/Kode-Desa/View-category.html?limitstart=20 |date=2010-07-10 }}

{{Astambul, Banjar}}
{{Kabupatèn Banjar}}
{{Kalimantan Kidul}}


{{Désa-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>oa1w1hyhhwtn9yhn0oc6pmrfcfn5ole</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tambak Danau, Astambul, Banjar</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>48993</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746452</id>
      <parentid>1724773</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T15:32:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sibiru45</username>
        <id>59217</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1746452</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1390" sha1="36wsinvyx8yrnwc37wxsjs3jxrxlm0f" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            =Kantor Desa Tambak Danau, Astambul, Banjar 1.jpg 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Tambak Danau
| provinsi        = Kalimantan Kidul
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Banjar
| kacamatan       = Astambul
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Tambak Danau''' iku siji [[désa]] ing [[Kacamatan]] [[Astambul, Banjar|Astambul]], [[Kabupatèn Banjar]], Provinsi [[Kalimantan Kidul]], [[Indonésia]].

== Pranala njaba ==
*[http://banjarkab.go.id/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=cat_view&amp;gid=29&amp;Itemid=86  Kabupatèn Banjar jroning Angka 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704000859/https://banjarkab.go.id/index.php?option=com_docman&amp;task=cat_view&amp;gid=29&amp;Itemid=86 |date=2022-07-04 }}
*[http://sirusa.bps.go.id/doc/MFD.pdf Master Wewengkon ing situs BPS (Data Desember 2007)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010234806/http://sirusa.bps.go.id/doc/MFD.pdf |date=2010-10-10 }}
*[http://indonesiamaju.org/index.php/Kode-Desa/View-category.html?limitstart=20 Dhaptar kode désa Kalimantan Kidul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710064829/http://indonesiamaju.org/index.php/Kode-Desa/View-category.html?limitstart=20 |date=2010-07-10 }}

{{Astambul, Banjar}}
{{Kabupatèn Banjar}}
{{Kalimantan Kidul}}


{{Désa-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>36wsinvyx8yrnwc37wxsjs3jxrxlm0f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lok Lahung, Loksado, Hulu Sungai Kidul</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>49882</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746455</id>
      <parentid>1726158</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T15:43:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sibiru45</username>
        <id>59217</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>1746455</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1187" sha1="dot7r3f21igt84gpfj5d4y9zc49jp22" xml:space="preserve">{{Désa
| petha           = 
| poto            =Kantor Desa Loklahung, Hulu Sungai Selatan.jpg 
| pratélan poto   = 
| jeneng          = Lok Lahung
| provinsi        = Kalimantan Kidul
| dati2           = Kabupatèn
| jeneng dati2	  = Hulu Sungai Kidul
| kacamatan       = Loksado
|jeneng pemimpin =-
| jembar          =-
| padunung        =-
| angka pos       = 
| kapadhetan      =-
}}
'''Lok Lahung''' iku siji [[désa]] ing [[Kacamatan]] [[Loksado, Hulu Sungai Kidul|Loksado]], [[Kabupatèn Hulu Sungai Kidul]], Provinsi [[Kalimantan Kidul]], [[Indonésia]].

== Pranala njaba ==
*[http://sirusa.bps.go.id/doc/MFD.pdf Master Wewengkon ing Sirusa BPS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010234806/http://sirusa.bps.go.id/doc/MFD.pdf |date=2010-10-10 }}&lt;small&gt;(Data Dhésèmber 2007)&lt;/small&gt;
*[http://indonesiamaju.org/index.php/Kode-Desa/View-category.html?limitstart=20 Dhaptar kode désa Kalimantan Kidul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710064829/http://indonesiamaju.org/index.php/Kode-Desa/View-category.html?limitstart=20 |date=2010-07-10 }}

{{Loksado, Hulu Sungai Kidul}}
{{Kabupatèn Hulu Sungai Kidul}}
{{Kalimantan Kidul}}


{{Désa-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>dot7r3f21igt84gpfj5d4y9zc49jp22</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alang-alang</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>71523</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746451</id>
      <parentid>1715200</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T15:17:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746451</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19253" sha1="3qmguqdn4ur8nmvqdmi5yimdh4mowcy" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Alang-alang
| image = Impera_cylind 071122-1347 stgd.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Alang-alang, suket gedhé khasiat.  &lt;br /&gt;[[Bubulak, Bogor Barat, Bogor|Bubulak]], [[Bogor]].
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| divisio = [[Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Poales]]
| familia = [[Poaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Imperata]]''
| species = '''''I. cylindrica'''''
| binomial = ''Imperata cylindrica''
| binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Georges Eugène Charles Beauvisage|Beauv.]]
}}

'''Alang-alang''' iku tuwuhan [[suket-suketan]] kang urip ing ara-ara utawa dhadhah kosong.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet10&quot;&gt;[http://www.fl-dof.com/forest_management/fh_invasives_cogon.html fl-dof.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903001311/http://www.fl-dof.com/forest_management/fh_invasives_cogon.html |date=2011-09-03 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 26 Juli 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
Sanajan uripé ing ara-ara nanging alang-alang bisa dadi [[obat]] warna-warna [[lelara]].,&lt;ref name=&quot;internet9&quot;&gt;[http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/agpc/doc/gbase/DATA/pf000261.htm Species Description: Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. Species Description: Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728114328/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/GBASE/data/pf000261.htm |date=2010-07-28 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 26 Juli 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Akèh zat kimiawi kang migunani kanggo keséhatan tinemu ing alang-alang.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Zat-zat mau ya iku ''[[manitol]]'', ''[[glukosa]]'', ''[[sakharosa]]'', ''[[malic acid]]'', ''[[citric acid]]'', ''[[coixol]]'', ''[[anindom]]'', lan liya-liyané.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Kang kena dianggo [[obat]] ya iku [[godhong]] lan oyoté alang-alang.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Loro-loroné bisa dianggo nalika isih seger utawa wis digaringaké.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
Saka hasil uji [[laborat]], bisa kabuktèkaké yèn alang-alang uga duwé èfèk [[farmakologis]], têgêsé tuwuhan iki nduwé sipat anti pirètik kang bisa gawé adhem yèn awak lagi panas,''[[hemostatik]]'' kang bisa ngendhegna pendarahan, ngilangké rasa ngelak, ''[[diuretic]]'' ya iku sipat peluruh [[kemih]] supaya lumebu ing meridian [[paru-paru]], [[lambung]] lan [[usus]] cilik.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;&gt;[http://id.shvoong.com/medicine-and-health/alternative-medicine/1852219-séhat-dengan-alang-alang/ id.shvoong.com]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 27 Maret 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
Suket kang bisa urip nganti taunan iki duwé [[godhong]] kang pucuké lincip dawa lan ana luguté.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;&gt;[Steenis, CGGJ van. 1981. Flora, untuk sekolah di Indonesia. PT Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta. Hal. 121]&lt;/ref&gt; Godhong kang lagi semi wujudé lincip landhep kaya eri.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Tuwuhan alang-alang wité cendhék, godhongé lincip lan duwé kembang.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Ana uga kang godhongé [[ijo]] kecampuran biru kembang térong utawa [[wungu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Dhuwuré kira-kira [[0,2]]-[[1,5]] [[m]].&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt;
[[Godhong]] alang-alang awujud [[godhong]] kang mlengkung kaya pita kang dawa nanging pucuké lincip.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Dawa godhongé kurang luwih [[12]]-[[80]] [[cm]], pinggiré kasar lan landhep.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Kembangé mirib kembang [[tebu]] nanging ukurane luwih cilik, dawané kurang luwih [[6]]-[[28]] [[cm]].&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; [[Kembang]] '''''alang-alang''''' ana wuluné kang bisa mabur nalika wis garing.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Alang-alang ing [[Inggris]] diarani ''satintail'', ing [[Walanda]] diarani ''snijgras'', ing [[Minang]] lan [[Banjar]] diarani ''halalang'', ing [[Sundha]] diarani ''eurih,'' ing [[Ambon]] diarani ''weri'' utawa ''weli'', ing [[Ternate]] diarani ''kusu-kusu'', lan ing [[Sumbawa]] diarani ''wutsu.''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Suta Naya Dhadhap Waru: Manusia Jawa dan Tumbuhan|last=Santosa|first=Iman Budhi|publisher=Interlude|year=2017|isbn=9786026250421|location=Yogyakarta|pages=31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Trivia ==
Salah sijiné cara kanggo maténi alang-alang ya iku kanthi nandur jinis [[wit]] kang ulet, rikat thukul lan jarake rapet lan nggrombol.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet6&quot;/&gt; Salah sijiné cara kang direkoméndasékaké ya iku kanthi cara [[gamal]] (''Gliricidia'' spp.).&lt;ref name=&quot;internet6&quot;/&gt; Ana uga kang ngarani yèn jeneng ''gamal'' iku duwé singkatan saka ''ganyang mati alang-alang''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet6&quot;/&gt;

== Jinis kang duwé kerabat ==
Marga ''Imperata'' duwé anggota kurang luwih 8 utawa 9 [[spésies]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet6&quot;/&gt; Saliyané ''Imperata cylindrica'', ana uga jinis liyané kaya ta:&lt;ref name=&quot;internet6&quot;/&gt;
* ''[[Imperata brasiliensis]]''-''Brazilian bladygrass, Brazilian satintail''
* ''[[Imperata brevifolia]]''-''California satintail''
* ''[[Imperata conferta]]''-''plumegrass, kunay grass''
* ''[[Imperata contracta]]''-''guayanilla''

== Ekologi ==
Alang-alang bisa thukul lan ngrembaka kanthi rikat.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;/&gt; Wiji-wiji alang-alang kang sumebar kagawa [[angin]] utawa [[rimpang]]é kang rikat nembus lemah kang gembur dadi piranti kanggo [[kembang biak]].&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;/&gt; Jinis suket iki, seneng urip ing panggonan kanthi [[lemah]] kang subur lan akèh éntuk cahya [[srengéngé]].&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;/&gt; Alang-alang uga bisa urip ing panggonan kang rada adhem lan duwé lemah kang lembab apadene garing.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;/&gt; Nanging alang-alang ora bisa thukul ing panggonan kang becek.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;/&gt;[[Gulma]] iki kanthi rikat bisa thukul ing lahan bekas [[alas]] kang rusak, bekas [[ladhang]], [[sawah]] kang garing.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;/&gt; Saliyané iku, Alang-alang uga bisa urip ing pinggir-pinggir [[dalan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;/&gt; Ing panggonan kang kaya ngono alang-alang bisa urip dominan ngebaki panggonan kang amba.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;/&gt;
Nganti tekan taraf tinamtu kebakaran [[vegetasi]] uga kena ngrangsang thukulé alang-alang.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;&gt;[Heyne, K. 1987.''Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia'', jil. 1.Jakarta:Yay. Sarana Wana Jaya. Hal. 147-150]&lt;/ref&gt; Pucuk-pucuk ilalang kang thukul sawisé ''kebakaran'' disenengi kéwan-[[kéwan]] kang mangan [[suket]], saéngga panggonan kang kaya ngéné lumrahé dadi panggonan kanggo ''mbeburu''.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;/&gt;
Alang-alang urip nyebar kanthi alami wiwit saka [[India]] nganti tekan [[Asia]] timur, [[Asia Tenggara]], [[Mikronesia]] lan [[Australia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;/&gt; Nganti saiki, alang-alang uga tinemu ing [[Asia utara]], [[Éropah]], [[Afrika]], [[Benua Amérika|Amérika]] lan ing ''kepulauan-kepulauan'' liyané.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;/&gt; Nanging amarga sifaté kang [[invasif]] iku, alang-alang kerep dianggep gulma kang nggangu.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku2&quot;/&gt;

== Mandi lan Mujarab ==
[[Gambar:Imperata cylindrica.jpg|thumb|150 px| left|Alang-alang, ijo semu wungu]]
Alang-alang kalebu tuwuhan [[obat]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Godhong lan oyot alang-alang bisa kanggo tamba lelara [[hépatitis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Kejaba iku alang-alang uga bisa kanggo obat lelara [[batu ginjel]], [[infèksi ginjel]], lan [[kencing batu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;&gt;[http://www.scribd.com/doc/4807374/Sehat-dengan-Akar-Alangalang scribd.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210060638/http://www.scribd.com/doc/4807374/Sehat-dengan-Akar-Alangalang |date=2012-02-10 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 28 Maret 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
Alang-alang uga bisa kanggo gawé alus [[kulit]], nggampangaké nguyuh, kanggo obat ''darah kotor'', nambah nepsu mangan, mampetké getih yèn lagi tatu, [[obat]] [[lelara]] kelamin kaya ta nguyuh [[nanah]], nguyuh getih, lan [[raja singa]], lelara [[ginjêl]], tatu, awak panas, [[hipertènsi]], pênyakit sarap lan [[stroke]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt; Pênyakit iku kabèh bisa ditambani nganggo [[oyot]] utawa [[rimpang]] alang-alang&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;&gt;[http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pd_tanobat/view.php?id=201 iptek.net.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830010146/http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pd_tanobat/view.php?id=201 |date=2011-08-30 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 28 Maret 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Wit alang-alang uga bisa kanggo pakan [[kéwan]],bahan kanggo gawé [[kertas]], lan obat lelara kulit kaya [[kurap]], lan [[kadas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt; Ing jaman [[''modern'']], alang-alang uga digawé tablèt ''siyap minum''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet8&quot;&gt;[http://www.newsobserver.com/1565/story/1134380.html newsobserver.com]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 26 Juli 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dasa Nama ==
Alang-alang nduwé dasa nama kaya ta Naleueng lakoe ([[Acèh]]) ; Jih ([[Gayo]]); Rih, Ri ([[Batak]]) ; Oo ([[Nias]]); Alalang, Hilalang, Ilalang ([[Minang kabau]]); Lioh ([[Lampung]]); Halalang, Tingen, Padang, Tingan, Puang, Buhang, Bêlalang, Bolalang ([[Dayak]]); Eurih ([[Sunda]]); Alang-alang kambêngan ([[Jawa]]); Kebut, Lalang ([[Madura]]); Ambengan, Lalang ([[Bali]]); Kii, Rii ([[FIores]]); Padengo, Padanga ([[Gorontalo]]); Deya ([[Bugis]]); Erer, Muis, Wen ([[Seram]]); Weli, Welia, Wed ([[Ambon]]). NAMA ASING: Cogon grass, satintail (En). Paillotte (Fr).[[Malaysia]]: lalang, alang-alang. Papua New Guinea: kunai [[(Pidgin)]], kurukuru [[(Barakau, Central Province)]]. [[Philippines]]: kogon ([[Tagalog]]), gogon ([[Bikol]]), bulum ([[Ifugao]]). [[Burma]] ([[Myanmar]]): kyet-mei. [[Cambodia]]: sbö':w. [[Laos]]: hnha:z kh'a:. [[Thailand]]: ya-kha, laa laeng, koe hee ([[Karen, Mae Hong Son]]). [[Vietnam]]: c [or] tranh. Jeneng ''Simplista Imperatae Rhizoma''; rimpang alang-alang.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt;
Jeneng liyané:&lt;ref name=&quot;internet3&quot;/&gt;
{|
|-valign=top
|
* [[Ambon]]: ''weri'' utawa ''weli''
* [[Australia]]: ''blady grass''
* [[Nigeria]]: ''speargrass''
* [[Afrika Selatan]]: ''silver spike''
* [[USA]]: ''cogongrass'', ''cogon grass'', ''cogon'', ''kunai grass'', ''sword grass'', ''Japanese bloodgrass''
* [[Basa Banjar|Banjar]]: ''halalang''
* [[Basa Bengali|Bengali]]: ''kush''
* [[Basa Catalan|Catalan]]: ''xisca''
* [[Basa Cina|Cina]]: 白茅 ''Bai Mao''
* [[Basa Perancis|Perancis]]: ''paillote'', ''impérata cylindrique'', ''paille de dys''
* [[Basa Jerman|Jerman]]: ''Blutgras''
* [[Basa Indonesi|Indonesi]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;a: ''alang-alang''
* [[Inggris]]: ''satintail''
* [[Basa Jepang|Jepang]]: チガヤ ''chigaya''
* [[Basa Khmer|Khmer]]: ស្បូវ {{IPA-km|sbəv|}}
* [[Basa Koréa|Koréa]]: 띠 ''ddi''
|
* [[Basa Laotian|Laotian]]: (ຫຍ້າ)ຄາ {{IPA-lo|ɲȁː kʰáː|}}
* [[Basa Malay|Malay]]: ''lalang''
* [[Minang]]: ''halalang''
* [[Tok Pisin|Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea)]]: ''kunai''
* [[Basa Sinhala|Sinhala]]: ''illuk''
* [[Basa Spanyol|Spanyol]]: ''cisca'', ''cogón''
* [[Sumbawa]]: ''wutsu.''
* [[Basa Sunda|Sunda]]: ''eurih''
* [[Basa Tagalog|Tagalog]]: ''kugon'', ''cogon''
* [[Ternate]]: ''kusu-kusu''
* [[Basa Thailand|Thailand]]: (หญ้า)คา {{IPA-th|jâː kʰaː|}}
* [[Basa Vietnam|Vietnam]]: ''cỏ tranh''
* [[Walanda]]: ''snijgras''
|}

== Pemerian botanis ==
Alang-alang kalebu tuwuhan suket taunan kang duwé sisik.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Alang-alang urip kanthi [[oyot]] lan wit nemplek ing lemah. Pucuk wit kang metu saka lemah béntuké lincip lan mirib kaya [[eri]].&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Alang-alang nduwé wit kang cendhek, thukul mendhuwur lan duwé kembang.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Alang-alang ana kang rupané [[abang]] rada [[wungu]] lan ana uga kang nduwé kaya bundhelan rambut ing ngisor [[ros]]é.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Alang-alang lumrahé duwé dhuwur [[0,2]] – [[1,5]] [[mèter|m]], nanging ing panggonan-panggonan kang tinamtu, alang-alang uga bisa luwih dhuwur saka ukuran iku.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt;
Alang-alang nduwé [[godhong]] kang béntuke garis kaya pita, godhong kang wujud [[garis]] lanset iki nduwuré lincip lan ing bonggol godhongé rada ciut mbéntuk kaya talang.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Godhong alang-alang dawané kurang luwih [[12]]-[[80]] [[sentimeter|cm]], pinggire kasar lan landhep.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Saliyané iku ing bonggol godhong uga ana rambut kang lumrahé diarani lugut.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt;''Tulang daun'' tuwuhan alang-alang ukurané rada amba lan wernané pucet ing pérangan tengahé.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; Alang-alang nduwé kembang kanthi ''karangan'' [[kembang]] malai kang dawane [[6]]-[[28]] [[cm]]. Kembang alang-alang nduwé ''anak bulir'' kang wulune dawa lan wernane [[putih]].&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt; ''Bulir'' iki gunané kanggo mabur nalika woh [[wiji]] alang-alang wis mateng.&lt;ref name=&quot;buku1&quot;/&gt;

== Kena ing Guna ==
Alang-alang bisa dadi obat warna-warna lelara.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Alang-alang nduwé zat-zat kimiawi kang diprelokaké manungsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
Alang-alang kanggo obat [[radang]] [[ginjel]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# oyot alang-alang kang cacahé 60-120 [[gram]] dikumbah nganti resik, banjur dikethok-kethok.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# banjur digodhog karo telung gelas banyu [[putih]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# godhog nganti banyuné kari segelas.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# banyu sari alang-alang banjur diombé.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

Alang-alang kanggo obat mutah getih.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# kumbah [[oyot]] alang-alang kurang luwih 30-60 [[gram]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# kêthok-kêthok lan godhog karo telung gelas banyu.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# godhog nganti banyuné kari segelas.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# banyu sari alang-alang bisa diombé sawisé adhem.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

Alang-alang kanggo obat lelara nguyuh [[nanah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# kurang luwih [[300]] [[gram]] oyot alang-alang dikumbah nganti resik.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# dikethok-kethok lan digodhog ing banyu [[2.000]] [[cc]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# godhog nganti banyuné kari [[1.200]] [[cc]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# cêmplungna gula batu ing godhogan alang-alang.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# sari alang-alang bisa diombé kaya [[teh]] sêdina ping telu nganti jangkep [[sepuluh]] [[dina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

Alang-alang kanggo obat lelara [[mimisen]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# [[oyot]] alang-alang kang isih seger dikumbah banjur diajuraké lan diperes banyuné nganti [[100]] [[cc]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
# [[banyu]] pêrêsan langsung bisa diombé&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

== Sirup Alang-alang ==
[[Gambar:Bar-Sirup.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Sirup Alang-alang]]
Alang-alang kalebu tuwuhan kang bisa kanggo [[obat]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Mula iku alang-alang diolah dadi [[sirup]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet5&quot;&gt;[http://gayahidup.liputan6.com/read/266777/Sirup_Alang_Alang_Minuman_Sehat_dan_Ekonomis liputan6.com](dipunundhuh tanggal 28 Maret 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Sirup alang-alang saliyané bisa dadi obat kang nyéhatakè, uga duwé rasa kang énak.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet5&quot;/&gt; Sirup alang-alang uga bisa didol lan ngasilaké [[dhuwit]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet5&quot;/&gt; Bahan kanggo nggawé sirup alang-alang ya iku [[oyot]] alang-alang.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet5&quot;/&gt; Carané oyot alang-alang digaréngaké lan digodhog karo banyu, banjur dicampur [[gula]] [[aren]] lan bumbu bumbon crakèn kaya ta [[jaé]] abang.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet5&quot;/&gt; Sawisé iku alang-alang digodhog nganti rada kenthel, banjur sirup alang-alang diadhemké.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet5&quot;/&gt; Kanggo nggawé sirup alang-alang cukup dicampur karo [[banyu]] supaya ora kekenthelen.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet5&quot;/&gt; Yèn arep didol jladrenan [[sirup]] alang-alang banjur diwadhahi [[gendul]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet5&quot;/&gt;

==== Jamu ora kudu pait ====
[[Jamu]] lumrahé rasané [[pait]]&lt;ref name=&quot;internet6&quot;&gt;[http://student-research.umm.ac.id/research/download/umm_student_research_abstract_65.pdf student-research.umm.ac.id]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 29 Maret 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Béda karo alang-alang, sirup jamu saka alang-alang bisa digawé warna-warna rasané gumantung sing nggawé, saéngga [[jamu]] kang wujud [[sirup]] iki [[rasa]]né [[seger]] lan énak, ora [[pait]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet7&quot;&gt;[http://sirupsuramadu.umkm-online.com/?id=produk&amp;product=alang2 sirupsuramadu.umkm-online.com]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 29 Maret 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Nanging sanajan énak rasané [[jamu]] iki têtêp nyéhataké awak kaya jamu-jamu [[tradhisional]] liyané.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Sirup alang-alang, bisa digawé variasi rasané kaya sirup liya-liyané. Umpamané rasa [[strobéry]], [[jeruk]], [[pala]], [[jahe]], [[kawis]], lan liya-liyané.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet7&quot;/&gt;

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* http://student-research.umm.ac.id/research/download/umm_student_research_abstract{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* http://gayahidup.liputan6.com/read/266777/Sirup_Alang_Alang_Minuman_Sehat_dan_Ekonomis
* http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pd_tanobat/view.php?id=201 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830010146/http://www.iptek.net.id/ind/pd_tanobat/view.php?id=201 |date=2011-08-30 }}
* http://id.shvoong.com/medicine-and-health/alternative-medicine/1852219-séhat-dengan-alang-alang{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* http://www.lintasberita.com/Lifestyle/Kuliner/sirup-alang-alang-minuman-séhat-dan-ekonomis*{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/imcy1.htm US National Park Service - Description of Cogon Grass and control measures]
* [http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/GBASE/DATA/PF000261.HTM FAO information on Cogon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100728114328/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/GBASE/data/pf000261.htm |date=2010-07-28 }}
* [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Imperata+cylindrica Edible and medicinal uses, cultivation, etc.]
* [http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/delta/grass/www/imperata.htm Description] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210055853/http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/delta/grass/www/imperata.htm |date=2005-12-10 }}
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=IMCY PLANTS Profile for Imperata cylindrica (cogongrass) | USDA PLANTS profile]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Murniati (2002) [http://edepot.wur.nl/121366 From Imperata cylindrica Grasslands to productive Agroforestry]. PhD thesis Wageningen UR.
[[WestAfricanPlants|Imperata cylindrica]]
* [http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/plants/cogongrass.shtml Species Profile- Cogongrass (''Imperata cylindrica'')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014015405/http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/plants/cogongrass.shtml |date=2012-10-14 }}, National Invasive Species Information Center, [[United States National Agricultural Library]]. Lists general information and resources for Cogongrass.

== Gladri ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image: Impera cylind 071122-1339 stgd.jpg|Alang-alang lagi ngembang, ''malai'' kembang kaya buntut kang wuluné saka satin
Image:JapaneseBloodGrass2.JPG|Alang-alang godhong abang
Image: Bar-Sirup.jpg|Sirup Alang-alang duwé variasi rasa
Image:Imperata cylindrica spikes.jpg|Godhong Alang-alang
Image: Imperata cylindrica.jpg|Alang-alang, ijo semu wungu
Image:Gardenology.org-IMG 0011 rbgm10dec.jpg|'Rubra' cultivar
Image:Kunai on fire.JPG|Ara-ara kang kebak Alang-alang ing [[Papua New Guinea]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

[[Kategori:Suket]]
[[Kategori:Gulma]]
[[Kategori:Tetuwuhan obat]]
[[Kategori:Alang-alang]]</text>
      <sha1>3qmguqdn4ur8nmvqdmi5yimdh4mowcy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Blink-182</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>87770</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746497</id>
      <parentid>1720368</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T05:51:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746497</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10531" sha1="ktxtvloj0xf0p5fqirepr4n6dp7q8bb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
|Name            = Blink 182
|Img             = Blink-182 2011-12-11 04.jpg
|Img_capt        = Blink 182 nalika ing [[San Diego]]
|Landscape       = yes
|Background      = group_or_band
|Origin          = [[San Diego]], [[Amérikah Sarékat]] {{Flagicon|Amérikah Sarékat}}
|Genre           = [[Pop punk]], [[Rock]]
|Alias           = 
|Years_active    = [[1992]]-saiki
|Label           = [[Interscope]] (2002-2012), [[Geffen]] (1997-2002), [[Cargo]] (1993-1995)
|Associated_acts = 
|Current_members = [[Mark Hoppus]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Travis Barker]]&lt;br /&gt;
|Past_members    = [[Scott Raynor]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Tom DeLonge]]&lt;br /&gt;
|URL             = [http://www.blink182.com Blink 182]
[http://www.interscope.com Interscope]
}}

'''Blink 182''' iku band karawit kang manut aliran karawit [[Pop punk]] [[Rock]] saka [[Amérikah Sarékat]]. Band iki uga dipunjunjung kaliyan [[Mark Hoppus]] utawa Mark Hoppus ngasta Gitar Bass, [[Tom DeLonge]] utawi Tom DeLonge ngasta Gitar, lan [[Travis Barker]] &lt;ref name=&quot;35mil&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.menshealth.com/mark-hoppus-blink-182/2011/11/17/|title=Mark Hoppus, Blink 182|author=Andrew Daniels|date=17 November 2011|publisher=[[Men's Health (magazine)|Men's Health]]|accessdate=2 Maret 2013|archive-date=17 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117034359/http://news.menshealth.com/mark-hoppus-blink-182/2011/11/17/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; utawa Baron von Tito utawa Travis Barker ngastonipun Drum.
Band Blink 182 asma aslinipun kados Blink. Déning wonten [[Band]] gadhah asma sami ing [[Inggris]], Mark Hoppus lan Tom DeLonge rembugan ditambahi 182 ing asma band. Kanggo ngisi posisi Drum, Mark Hoppus nyuwun tulung marang rencang rikala SMA, ya iku [[Scott Raynor]].
Nanging, déning Scott Raynor gadhah masalah ngunjuk alkohol lan mabukan &lt;ref name=&quot;AP.net interview&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?t=32568 |title=Scott Raynor (mantan-Blink182) – 04.16.04&amp;nbsp;– Interview |author=Jason Tate |date=16 April 2004 |publisher=AbsolutePunk |accessdate=2 Maret 2013 |archive-date=29 June 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120629034017/http://www.absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?t=32568 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;, piyambakipun didhawuhi kaliyan Mark lan ugi Tom mlebet panthi rehabilitasi. Mas Scott Raynor sambung urun rembug ing Blink nganti album [[Flyswatter]], [[Chesire Cat]], lan [[Dude Ranch]].
Posisinipun piyambake digantosna déning Travis Barker ing wayah 1998.

Blink 182 miwiti suksès nalika Travis lumebu, lan miwiti album [[Enema of the States]]. Banjur miwiti diparingi panghargyaan kaliyan [[MTV Music Awards]].

=== Format Kaping Pisan ===
Asma kaping pisan nanging Blink. Diwiwiti saka rémbukane [[Tom DeLonge]] marang Jack Hoppus (adhine [[Mark Hoppus]]). Banjur miwiti damel lagu ing garasi griyane Mark. Manawa posisi drummer kosong, Tom ngajak kanca saka sekolah, ya iku [[Scott Raynor]]. Miwiti gawé lagu, Tom, Mark,lan Scott uga miwiti rekaman album [[Flyswatter]] ing sajeroning kamar saka Raynor. Swara kasil saka rékaman iku uga ora saé.
[[Gambar:Blink-182 at the Showcase Theater in Corona July 18,1995.jpg|thumb|250px|Blink 182 nalika ing [[Corona]] 1995]]

=== Rèuni lan Damel Malih Blink-182 ===
'''Travis Barker''' nalika tabrakan pésawat, iku miwiti Blink 182 balik. Mark, Tom, lan Travis miwiti medal bareng nalika didhawuhi maca panghargyaan ing [[Grammy Awards]] nalika taun 2009 &lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufman&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Kaufman |first=Gil |title=Blink 182 Reuni nalika Grammy Awards |publisher=Viacom |work=MTV News |date=15 Maret 2009 |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1604564/20090208/blink_182.jhtml |accessdate=5 Maret 2013 |archive-date=2009-02-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090210072013/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1604564/20090208/blink_182.jhtml |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Banjur ana filem dokumentèr iku miwiti balike Blink 182, sabanjuré 5 taun kosong. Blink-182 gadhah réncana damel album ingkang anyar, album ingkang luwih apik.
[[Gambar:Blink-182 2015-03-22 01.JPG|thumb|250px|Blink-182 karo [[Matt Skiba]]]]

=== Medal saka Interscope ===
'''Interscope''' ya iku label rékaman ingkang maringi Blink 182 studio rékaman &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tur: Blink 182 / Weezer / Fall Out Boy |publisher=[[Punknews.org]] |date=5 Mèi 2009 |url=.punknews.org/article/33566 |accessdate=5 Maret 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Interscope]] iku uga kagungane [[Geffen]]. Nanging sabanjuré makarya sareng, Blink-182 medal saka label rékaman iki sabanjuré rampung tur ambal warsa mèngeti 20 taun umur band &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.underthegunreview.net/2012/10/23/blink-182-leave-interscope-records/ |title=Blink 182 Medal Saka Interscope |publisher=Under the Gun Review |date=23 Oktober 2012 |accessdate=5 Maret 2013 |archive-date=2012-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101090246/http://www.underthegunreview.net/2012/10/23/blink-182-leave-interscope-records/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.
'''Album Dogs Eating Dogs''' iku uga dadi panentu medale Blink-182 saka [[Interscope]], uga dadi band ingkang indèpendèn. Neighborhoods iku uga dadi album ingkang teakhir, nalika makarya bareng Interscope.

== Tur tindhak dhateng [[Australia]] tanpa Travis Barker ==
Wontén kabar ingkang botèn bagya saka Travis Barker nalika tur acara [[Soundwave Festival]] ing nagara [[Australia]], ya iku piyambaké digantosi kaliyan [[Brooks Wackerman]] saka band mètal [[Amérika Sarèkat]], [[avenged Sevendfold]].

=== Tom DeLonge Medal Malih, Nanging Tasih Trésna Blink 182 ===
Pawarta ingkang gawé kaget ya iku manawi surya 26 Dhésèmber 2014, wonten berita [[Tom DeLonge]] sampun medal saka Blink 182. Warta iku dipunaturi kanggo [[Mark Hoppus]] lan [[Travis Barker]] liwat manajeré Tom. Manajeré matur manawi Tom sampun boten klop damel musik bareng Mark kaliyan Travis. Travis uga botén sègan matur ing média manawa Tom sampun botén bungah ing Blink 182, sumangga médal kémawon lan ngaku kaliyan kancah fans manawa piyambake sampun médal saking band ingkang lair ing kutha [[San Diego]] iku &lt;ref name=&quot;Travis matur kalih média manawi Tom punika kudu pamit saka Blink 182&quot;&gt;[http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/travis-barker-to-tom-delonge-just-man-up-and-quit-blink-182-20150304](Kaundhuh tanggal 13 November 2015)&lt;/ref&gt;. Kabar ingkang anyar saka Tom DeLonge, piyambaké ngaku taksih trésna kaliyan band ingkang dhamél katénarane bareng Mark Hoppus iki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tom matur kalih média manawi badhé miwiti balik ing Blink 182&quot;&gt;[http://showbiz.liputan6.com/read/2311221/tom-delonge-serius-ingin-kembali-ke-blink-182](Kaundhuh tanggal 15 November 2015)&lt;/ref&gt;. Nanging, sapunika Blink 182, mligi Mark Hoppus, sampun kontrak [[Matt Skiba]], saka [[Alkaline Trio]], kanggo ngisi kosongé pémain gitar. Iku artiné, posisi saka DeLonge sampun dipun-gantos kaliyan Matt Skiba &lt;ref name=&quot;Tom dipun-gantos karo Matt Skiba ing Blink 182&quot;&gt;[http://showbiz.liputan6.com/read/2276965/blink-182-angkat-matt-skiba-jadi-personel-tetap](Kaundhuh tanggal 15 November 2015)&lt;/ref&gt;. Ing salah sawijining pawarta cara, DeLonge matur kaliyan média warta, ménawa piyambaké taksih dibutuhaké Mark Hoppus lan Travis Barker, syaraté wangsul band uga gampil, DeLonge namung nyuwun ditilpon kémawon &lt;ref name=&quot;Tom namung nyuwun ditilpun kanggo wangsul ing Blink 182&quot;&gt;[http://musik.kapanlagi.com/berita/tom-delonge-bakal-balik-ke-blink-182-dengan-satu-syarat-d94e07.html](Kaundhuh tanggal 15 November 2015)&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Album California ==
Mark Hoppus, maringi weruh karo medhia, manawa Blink 182 taksih miwiti rékaman saréngan [[Matt Skiba]] &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.etonline.com/music/187807_blink_182_opens_up_about_rebirth_new_album_and_moving_on_without_tom_delonge/ Blink 182 miwiti rekaman tanpa Tom DeLonge]&lt;/ref&gt;. Album California punika ugi medal ing tabuh 1 Juli 2016 &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/30/arts/music/blink-182-california-review.html?_r=0 Blink 182 rilis Caifornia]&lt;/ref&gt;. Isi saka album punika wonten lagu cacahé 16 iji &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fuse.tv/2016/04/blink-182-california-tracklist-tour-all-time-low Cacah lagu album California]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Panganggit saka lagu-lagu ing sajeroning California uga kathah dianggit kaliyan [[Matt Skiba]].

== Mlebuné Tom DeLonge, Album Karawit Anyar ''One More Time...,'' lan Medhalé Matt Skiba saka Blink-182 ==
Saklajengé ana kabar Mark Hoppus lara kanker, Tom DeLonge ana adicara 

== Napak Tilas Anggota ==
{{#tag:timeline|
ImageSize = width:900 height:400
PlotArea = left:110 bottom:90 top:10 right:20
Alignbars = justify
DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy
Period = from:01/01/1992 till:{{#time:m/d/Y}}
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy

Colors =
 id:lg value:teal legend:Pémain_gitar,Pényanyi
 id:b value:blue legend:Pémain_bass,Pényanyi
 id:dr value:purple legend:Drum
 id:Black value:black legend:Studio_album
 id:bars        value:gray(0.93)

Legend = orientation:vertical position:bottom columns:4
BackgroundColors = bars:bars

ScaleMajor = increment:3 start:1992
ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1992

LineData =
 at:05/08/1995 color:black layer:back
 at:11/26/1997 color:black layer:back
 at:10/12/1999 color:black layer:back
 at:07/24/2001 color:black layer:back
 at:03/29/2003 color:black layer:back
 at:09/14/2011 color:black layer:back

BarData =
 bar:Mark text:&quot;Mark Hoppus&quot;
 bar:Tom text:&quot;TomDeLonge&quot;
 bar:Scott text:&quot;Scott Raynor&quot;
 bar:Travis text:&quot;Travis Barker&quot;
 bar:Matt text:&quot;Matt Skiba&quot;

PlotData=
 width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,4)

 bar:Mark from:01/01/1992 till:01/01/2005 color:b
 bar:Mark from:01/01/2005 till:end color:b width:3
 bar:Tom from:01/01/1992 till:01/01/2005 color:lg width:3
 bar:Tom from:01/01/2005 till:02/24/2015 color:lg
 bar:Scott from:01/01/1992 till:01/01/1998 color:dr
 bar:Travis from:01/01/1998 till:01/01/2005 color:dr width:3
 bar:Travis from:01/01/2005 till:end color:dr
 bar:Matt from:02/24/2015 till:end color:lg width:3
}}

== Catethan Suku ==
{{Reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
{{commons}}
* [http://www.blink182.com/ Situs kanthor saka Blink 182]
* [http://blink182merch.com/ Situs bélanja saka Blink 182]
* [https://twitter.com/blink182 Akun Twitter saka Blink 182]

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Mark Hoppus]]
* [[Travis Barker]]
* [[Tom DeLonge]]
* [[Matt Skiba]]
* [[Brooks Wackerman]]

[[Kategori:Grup musik 1990-an]]
[[Kategori:Grup musik 2000-an]]
[[Kategori:Grup musik Amérikah Sarékat]]
[[Kategori:Grup musik pop punk]]</text>
      <sha1>ktxtvloj0xf0p5fqirepr4n6dp7q8bb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cangkring</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>91017</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746519</id>
      <parentid>1641428</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T10:36:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746519</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2335" sha1="os7bzcnny35nns7q7j76o578z8vtfzg" xml:space="preserve">{{untuk|nama-nama papan dan arti yang lain|Cangkring (disambiguasi)}} 
{{taxobox
|name = ''Erythrina fusca''
|image = Erythrina fusca.jpg
|regnum = [[Plant]]ae
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]]
| ordo = [[Fabales]]
|familia = [[Fabaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Erythrina]]''
|species = '''''E. fusca'''''
|binomial = ''Erythrina fusca''
|binomial_authority = [[João de Loureiro|Lour.]]
|synonyms = ''Erythrina caffra'' &lt;small&gt;Blanco&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
''Erythrina glauca'' &lt;small&gt;Willd.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
''Erythrina viarum''
|}}

'''Cangkring, dhadhap ri''' (''Erythrina fusca'') ya iku tuwuhan ngembang saka [[famili]]  Fabaceae. Wit cangkring duwé sebaran kang paling amba saka sadulur-seduluré ing [[génus]] [[Erythrina]]. Tuwuhan iki racaké urip ing [[pasisir]] lan pinggir-pinggir [[kali]] ing [[Asia]], [[Oseania]], KapuloanMascarene, [[Madagaskar]], [[Afrika]] lan Neotropik.

Wit cangkring duwé kayu kang gedhene bisa watara 20&amp;nbsp;cm. Kembange warna [[oranye]], isiné warna soklat tuwa lan bisa kemambang ing banyu, bisa keli mèlu iline banyu sagara marang papan kang adoh, lan sabanjuré bisa thukul ing papan anyar. Tuwuhan iki tahan marang kaanan kanthi [[kadhar uyah]] kang dhuwur lan banyu akèh.

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Dhadhap srep]], (''Erythrina subumbrans'')
==External links==
*[http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ERFU2 USDA Plants Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008013903/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ERFU2 |date=2008-10-08 }}
*[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Erythrina_fusca.html New Crops Info Page]
*[http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/Publicat/Gutt-shel/x5556e0b.htm Genus ''Erythrina''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616234059/http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/AGPC/doc/publicat/gutt-shel/x5556e0b.htm |date=2013-06-16 }}
*[http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd8/1/cuellar.htm Study: ''E. fusca'' as a protéin supplement for cattle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928063750/http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd8/1/cuellar.htm |date=2007-09-28 }}
*[http://waynesword.palomar.edu/coraltr1.htm www.waynesword.palomar.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005061737/http://waynesword.palomar.edu/coraltr1.htm |date=2009-10-05 }}

[[Kategori:Tetuwuhan]]</text>
      <sha1>os7bzcnny35nns7q7j76o578z8vtfzg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Beksan Remo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>91798</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746487</id>
      <parentid>1663720</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T03:32:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746487</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6427" sha1="8g9r73byt8aey7i12u5yvvb9osxnh18" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Tari-Remo-Seni-Tari-Jawa-Timur-Sejarah-Alat-Musik.jpg|320px|thumb|right|'''Jogèd Remo''' [[Jawa Wétan]].]]
'''Jogèd Remo''' punika jogèd kanggé pengantar [[ludruk]], dipunperagaaken kaliyan tiyang jaler. Nanging, wonten ing kemajuan jaman jogèd punika dipunparagakaken kaliyan tiyang èstri. Jogèd remo asalipun saking kitha [[Jombang]]. Remo punika dipunmangertosi rekma ([[rambut]]), amargi wonten salah satungaling obahan ingkang ngudhari rambut utawi rekma.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo1&quot;/&gt; Gerakan punika mau tatasan ure rekmo.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo1&quot;&gt;[http://duniajawa.wordpress.com/2009/10/03/tafsir-struktur-tari-remo-dan-tari-beskalan/ Struktur Tari Remo](Dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Oktober 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Wewaton Jogèd Remo ==
Jogèd Remo punika sampun wonten wiwit warsa [[1907]], sareng kaliyan medalipun acara [[besud]] utawi besutan. Jogèd remo ing wekdal sapunika boten dados jogèd kanggé miwiti ludruk, nanging sampun dados jogèd kanggé nyambut tamu saking [[Jawa Wétan]].

== Tata Gerak ==
Ciri utami jogèd remo saking obahan suku ingkang rancak kaliyan dinamis.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo2&quot;/&gt; Penari jogèd remo ngagem lonceng-lonceng, kanggé obahan punika.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo2&quot;/&gt; Karakteristik jogèd remo inggih punika gerak selendang utawi sampur, gerak anggukan kaliyan godekan [[mustaka]], ekspresinipun pasuryan, kaliyan jaran-jaran penari.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo2&quot;&gt;[http://ridwanaz.com/umum/seni-budaya/tari-remo-seni-tari-jawa-timur-sejarah-alat-musik/ Tari Remo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001211/http://ridwanaz.com/umum/seni-budaya/tari-remo-seni-tari-jawa-timur-sejarah-alat-musik/ |date=2012-09-26 }}(Dipunundhuh tanggal 26 September 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Manfaatipun Jogèd Remo ==
Jogèd remo punika kanggé pambikaipun adicara utawi pertunjukan. Jogèd remo tumuwuh kaliyan seni [[ludruk]].&lt;ref name=&quot;remo3&quot;/&gt; [[Jawa Wétan]] kondhang saking kabudayan ingkang inggil, inggih punika saking ibu kitha [[Jawa Wétan]], [[Surabaya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;remo3&quot;&gt;[http://www.anneahira.com/tari-remo.htm Fungsi tari remo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815151534/http://www.anneahira.com/tari-remo.htm |date=2012-08-15 }}(Dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Oktober 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;

Surabaya sampun dikenal dados kitha pahlawan. Babagan punika dadosaken kabudayan [[Surabaya]] dados kabudayan ingkang inggil kaliyan keras. Ing kitha Surabaya wonten jogèd ingkang cariyos babagan pangeran ingkang medan perang, jogèd punika dipunmangertosi dados Jogèd Remo.

== Motifipun Jogèd Remo ==
Motifipun jogèd remo wonten 3, inggih punika [[mustaka]], [[salira]], [[gerak asta]], [[gerak suku]].&lt;ref name=&quot;remo1&quot;/&gt;

==== Mustaka ====
# Tegak, pangawasipun wonten ngajeng
# Paninggalipun noleh nengen
# Paninggalipun noleh ngiwa
# Gedhegan (obahing mustaka)
# Gedheg sandal pancing
# Paninggalipun nginggil
# Paninggalipun ngisor

==== Salira ====
# Tegak
# Ngeloyot

==== Gerak Asta ====
# Pentongan, merentangkan tangan
# Ngendewa
# Tanjak keris
# Kebat sampur
# Seblak sampur
# Atrap iket
# Ngilo
# Ukel suweng
# Ore rekmo
# Ongkekan
# Ulap-ulap bumi langit

==== Gerak Suku ====
# Tanjek
# Junnjungan
# Geduk
# Labas
# Jluwet
# Ngayam alas

== Piranti Musik Jogèd Remo ==
Jogèd Remo punika iringanipun ngagem [[gamelan]] kawujud [[bonang]], [[saron]], [[gambang]], [[gender]], [[slentem]], [[siter]], [[seruling]], [[ketuk]], [[kenong]], [[kempul]], [[gong]] lan [[irama]] [[slendro]].&lt;ref name=&quot;remo2&quot;/&gt; Gendinganipun ngagem gendingan jula-juli Suroboyo tropongan, padatanipun ngagem walang kekek,gedong rancak, krucilan kaliyan sanèsipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo2&quot;/&gt;

== Tata Wusana Jogèd Remo ==
Ageman jogèd remo punika warni-warni gaya, inggih punika:
* Surabayaan
* Malangan
* Sawunggalingan
Ageman penari [[Jawa Wétan]] gadhah ciri khas piyambak. Damel ageman cemeng kaliyan clana bludru cemeng kaliyan pernak-pernik [[emas]] lan [[bathik]], sabuk, kalehan [[keris]].&lt;ref name=&quot;remo4&quot;/&gt; Ing wentis nengen, penari ngagem selendang ngantos soca wuku, lan penari èstri ngagem sanggul.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo4&quot;&gt;[http://www.transtiket.com/news-detail.html?id=Tari_Remo Busana Remo]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(Dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Oktober 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ageman Surabayan ===
Ageman Surabayaan inggih punika iket abrit, ageman ingkang boten gadhah kancing, saking gaya karaton abad 18-an.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo4&quot;/&gt; Ndamel clana ngantos wengkelan ingkang dikaitaken jarum emas, sarung bathik Pesisiran ingkang gantung ngantos jengku, setagen ing pamekan, keris ing wingking.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo4&quot;/&gt; Penari ndamel kaleh selendang, ingkang di selipaken ing pamekan lan satunggale di selipaken ing pamidhangan, ugi damel gelang wuku.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo4&quot;/&gt;

=== Ageman Sawunggaling ===
Ageman malangan punika sami kaliyan ageman surabaya, bedanipun ingkang kaus pethak lengen panjang.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo4&quot;/&gt;

=== Ageman Malangan ===
Ageman malangan punika sami kaliyan ageman surabaya, bedanipun clana ing ageman malangan boten dikaitaken jarum.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo4&quot;/&gt;

=== Ageman Jombangan ===
Ageman jombangan sami kaliyan sawunggaling, nanging ing ageman jombangan penari boten damel rompi.&lt;ref name=&quot;remo4&quot;/&gt;

== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://ridwanaz.com/umum/seni-budaya/tari-remo-seni-tari-jawa-timur-sejarah-alat-musik/ Tari Remo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926001211/http://ridwanaz.com/umum/seni-budaya/tari-remo-seni-tari-jawa-timur-sejarah-alat-musik/ |date=2012-09-26 }}(Dipunundhuh tanggal 26 September 2012)
* [http://indobeta.com/sejarah-tari-remo/4342/ Sejarah remo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121005958/http://indobeta.com/sejarah-tari-remo/4342/ |date=2013-01-21 }}(Dipunundhuh tanggal 26 September 2012)
* [http://duniajawa.wordpress.com/2009/10/03/tafsir-struktur-tari-remo-dan-tari-beskalan/ Struktur Tari Remo](Dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Oktober 2012)
* [http://www.anneahira.com/tari-remo.htm Fungsi tari remo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815151534/http://www.anneahira.com/tari-remo.htm |date=2012-08-15 }}(Dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Oktober 2012)
* [http://www.transtiket.com/news-detail.html?id=Tari_Remo Busana Remo]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(Dipunundhuh tanggal 10 Oktober 2012)

[[Kategori:Beksan]]
[[Kategori:Kagunan]]
[[Kategori:Kagunan Jawa]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Jawa]]
[[Kategori:Budaya Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Warisan budaya]]</text>
      <sha1>8g9r73byt8aey7i12u5yvvb9osxnh18</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andrew Johnson</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>92164</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746460</id>
      <parentid>1744823</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T17:28:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746460</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21895" sha1="gcuehmeomn2rk0al5znmsc8a3gmrot7" xml:space="preserve">{{rapèkaké}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
|name          = Andrew Johnson
|image         = President Andrew Johnson.jpg
|office        = [[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat]] [[Pratélan Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat|angka 17]]
|term_start    = 15 April 1865
|term_end      = 4 Maret 1869
|predecessor   = [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|successor     = [[Ulysses S. Grant|Ulysses Grant]]
|office2       = [[Pratélan Wakil Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat]] [[Pratélan Wakil Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat|angka 16]]
|president2    = [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|term_start2   = 4 Maret 1865
|term_end2     = 15 April 1865
|predecessor2  = [[Hannibal Hamlin]]
|successor2    = [[Schuyler Colfax]]
|office5       = [[Gubernur Tennessee]]
|term_start5   = 17 Oktober 1853
|term_end5     = 3 November 1857
|predecessor5  = [[William B. Campbell]]
|successor5    = [[Isham G. Harris]] 
|office6       = Gubernur Militer Tennessee
|term_start6   = 12 Maret 1862
|term_end6     = 4 Maret 1865
|predecessor6  = [[Isham G. Harris]]
|successor6    = [[Edward H. East]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;sebagai Pejabat Gubernur&lt;/small&gt;
|jr/sr3        = Senator Amérika Sarékat
|state3        = [[Tennessee]]
|term_start3   = 4 Maret 1875
|term_end3     = 31 Juli 1875
|predecessor3  = [[William Gannaway Brownlow|William Brownlow]]
|successor3    = [[David M. Key|David Key]]
|term_start4   = 8 Oktober 1857
|term_end4     = 4 Maret 1862
|predecessor4  = [[James C. Jones|James Jones]]
|successor4    = [[David T. Patterson|David Patterson]]
|state7        = [[Tennessee]]
|district7     = [[Konggrès Tennessee Distrik 1|kaping 1]]
|term_start7   = 4 Maret 1843
|term_end7     = 3 Maret 1853
|predecessor7  = [[Thomas Dickens Arnold|Thomas Arnold]]
|successor7    = [[Brookins Campbell]]
|birth_date    = {{birth date|1808|12|29}}
|birth_place   = [[Raleigh, Karolina Utara|Raleigh]], [[Karolina Utara]], Amérika Sarékat
|death_date    = {{death date and age|1875|7|31|1808|12|29}}
|death_place   = [[Elizabethton, Tennessee|Elizabethton]], [[Tennessee]], Amérika Sarékat
|party         = [[Parté Dhémokrat (Amérika Sarékat)|Dhémokrat]]
|otherparty    = [[Parté Persatuan Nasional (Amérika Sarékat)|Persatuan Nasional]] &lt;small&gt;(1864–1868)&lt;/small&gt;
|spouse        = [[Eliza McCardle Johnson|Eliza McCardle]]
|children      = Martha&lt;br /&gt;Charles&lt;br /&gt;Mary&lt;br /&gt;Robert&lt;br /&gt;Andrew
|profession    = [[Penjahit]]
|religion      = [[Kristen Non-denominasional]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/johnson/essays/biography/7 |title=American President: Andrew Johnson: Family Life |publisher=Miller Center of Public Affairs at the University of Virginia |accessdate=May 26, 2009 |archive-date=July 19, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719170314/http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/johnson/essays/biography/7 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Age of Hate: Andrew Johnson And The Radicals |url=http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=14804076 |first=George Fort |last=Milton |publisher=Coward-McCann |year=1930 |pages=790 |page=80 |oclc=739916 |isbn=1417916583 |location=New York |quote=As for my religion, it is the doctrine of the Bible, as taught and practiced by Jesus Christ.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|signature     = Andrew Johnson Signature.svg
|signature_alt = Cursive signature in ink
}}
'''Andrew Johnson''' ({{lahirmati|[[Raleigh, North Carolina]]|29|12|1808|[[Elizabethton, Tennessee]]|31|7|1875}}) ya iku présidhèn [[Amérika Sarékat]] angka 17 lan njabat ing [[1865]] tekan [[1869]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/andrewjohnson |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2015-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150103025310/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/andrewjohnson |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muturut konstitusi, Andrew Johnson sing njabat minangka [[Wakil Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat|Wakil Présidhèn]] sing otomatis dadi [[présidhèn]] nalika [[Présidhèn]] [[Abraham Lincoln]] tilar donya ing prastawa rajapati.&lt;ref&gt;Suhindriyo. 1999. Biografi Singkat Présidhèn-Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat. Yogyakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama, hal.61.&lt;/ref&gt; Panjenengané uga salah sijining présidhèn [[Amérika Sarékat]] sing nikah ing yuswa paling enom, nalika [[dina]] nikahé [[5 Mèi]] [[1827]], panjenengané 18 [[taun]] yuswané, nanging garwané, [[Eliza McCardle]], yuswané 16 [[taun]].

== Mangsa cilik ==
Andrew Johnson dilairaké  [[29 Dhésèmber]] [[1808]]. Wong Tuwané mlarat. Bapaké salah sijining tukang jaga lawang ing salah sijining papan panginepan, lan ibuké tilas pelayan ing panginepan mau.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.answers.com/topic/andrew-johnson&lt;/ref&gt;

Andrew Johnson ora tau disekolahaké, nanging lekas sinau dhéwé nalika umuré isih enom. Nalika enom, panjenengané makarya ing salah sijining tukang jait, kanthi karep kanggo dadi tukang jait. Nanging panjenengané salanjuté lumayu ing salah sijining [[kutha]] ing Tennessee lan ing papan iku panjenengané mbukak salah sijining toko jait [[klambi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://americanhistory.about.com/od/andrewjohnson/p/pajohnson.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2011-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112004515/http://americanhistory.about.com/od/andrewjohnson/p/pajohnson.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karir pulitik ==
Andrew Johnson nglamar anaké tukang [[sepatu]]. Garwané, sing pendhidhikané apik, nyurung Andrew Johnson ing usaha-pangudiné kanggo yasa awaké dewé kanthi sinau. Ora suwé, panjenengané wés kasil nglumpukaké kauletan-kauletan lan jeneng apik ing kalangan masarakat minangka warga sing paling kaloka. Panjenengané nduwé rasa perhatian ing masalah-masalah kemasyarakatan lan ing akhiré nggawa masalah iku ing donya pulitik. Panjenengané dadi anggota Dewan Kotapraja, salanjuté njabat minangka [[walikutha]], lan salanjuté iku wakil praja lan [[senator]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://statelibrary.ncdcr.gov/nc/bio/public/johnson.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-03 |archive-date=2010-04-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425142216/http://statelibrary.ncdcr.gov/NC/BIO/public/JOHNSON.HTM |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ing yuswa 35 [[taun]] panjenengané dadi anggota ing Kongrès Amérika lan njabat sasuwéné sepuluh [[taun]]. Salanjuté panjenengané dadi Gubernur Tennesse lan sawisé iku dadi senator sasuwéné limang [[taun]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/articles/Andrew-Johnson-9355722 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-03 |archive-date=2010-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510151155/http://www.biography.com/articles/Andrew-Johnson-9355722 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mangsa Kaprèsidhènan ==
Ing tanggal [[15 April]] [[1865]], sawisé Présidhèn Lincoln tilar donya amarga rajapati, Andrew Johnson diangkat dadi [[présidhèn]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.historycentral.com/bio/presidents/johnson.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-03 |archive-date=2023-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217112032/https://www.historycentral.com/Bio/presidents/johnson.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sasuwené mangsa jabatané, rong amandemèn wes ditambahaké ing kongrès [[Amérika]]. Amandemèn sing ditambahaké ya iku&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://andrewjohnsonbiography.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-03 |archive-date=2010-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009233055/http://andrewjohnsonbiography.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;: 
# Ngilangaké babagan batur tukon ing [[Amérika Sarékat]] lan ngukuhaké wong-wong négro minangka warga nagara [[Amérika]], lan nglarang diskriminasi kanggo golongan iku. Undang-undang iki kaloka minangka undang-undang '''Hak Sipil''' [[taun]] [[1866]]. 
# Ora ana praja sing olèh nyabut jiwa, kabebasan utawa harta bendané salah sijining wong tanpa lumantar ukum sing lumaku.

[[Présidhèn]] Andrew Johnson ya iku anggota saka Parté Dhémokrat [[Amérika Sarékat]], padahal Lincoln asalé saka Parté Parté Républik [[Amérika Sarékat]]. Panjenengané ora dikancani karo wakil présidhèn. Sasuwené nyekel jabatané, panjenengané béda pamikirian karo [[Konggrès Amérika|kongres]], luwih-luwih karo anggota-anggota [[parté républik]] sing [[radikal]]. Golongan iki nyekel peran nalika mutusaké salah sijining undang-undang, kalebu mbatalaké veto salah sijining [[présidhèn]]. Kanggo sing kapisan ing sajarah kongrès kasil mbatalaké putusan [[présidhèn]] babagan salah sijining undang-undang wigati. Para anggota padha usaha kanggo mbatesi kanthi ketat kuasané présidhèn kanthi netapaké jumlah rancangan undang-undang lan nalika [[Présidhèn]] Andrew Johnson nglirwakaké salah sijining peraturan iku kanthi mecat Mantri Perangé, pamriksaan pelanggaran dikenèkaké kanggo panjenengané lan panjenengané diadili déning [[senat]] [[Amérika Sarékat]], nanging panjenengané dibébasaké saka tuduhan kanthi béda siji swara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/johnson |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-10-02 |archive-date=2008-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105015912/http://millercenter.org/academic/americanpresident/johnson |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nalika [[taun]] [[1869]] [[Présidhèn]] Andrew Johnson ninggal [[Gedung Putih]] lan bali ing praja [[Tennessee]].&lt;ref&gt;http://people.famouswhy.com/andrew_johnson/&lt;/ref&gt;

Ing [[taun]] [[1875]], enem [[taun]] sawisé ninggal [[Gedung Putih]], Andrew Johnson bali ing [[Washington, D.C.]] minangka Senator. Panjenengané tilar donya pirang wulan salanjuté ing tanggal [[31 Juli]] [[1875]] sawisé diserang lelara lumpuh. Panjenengané ninggal garwa siji, putra telu lan putri loro.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.who2.com/andrewjohnson.html&lt;/ref&gt;

== Uga delengen ==
{{Portal box|United States Army|American Civil War|Biography|Tennessee}}
* [[Jenderal Perang Sipil Amérika|Pratélan Jenderal Perang Sipil Amérika]]
* Pilihan umum [[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat]], [[1864]]
* [[Sajarah Amérika Sarékat]]
* [[Tennessee Johnson]]
* [[Pratélan Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat]]
* [[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat]] ing Perangko [[Amérika Sarékat]]
{{-}}

== Bibliografi ==
* Beale, Howard K., ''The Critical Year. A Study of Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction'' (1930). ISBN 0-8044-1085-2
* Benedict, Michael Les, ''[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=104078634 The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson]'' (1999). ISBN 0-393-31982-2
* Boulard, Garry, &quot;The Swing Around the Circle—Andrew Johnson and the Train Ride that Destroyed a Presidency&quot; (2008) ISBN 978-1-4401-0239-4
* Castel, Albert E., ''The Presidency of Andrew Johnson '' (1979). ISBN 0-7006-0190-2
* DeWitt, D. M., ''The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson'' (1903).
* Du Bois, W. E. B. 'The Transubstantiation of a Poor White' in ''Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward the History of the Part Which Black People Have Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880'' (1935). ISBN 0-527-25280-8.
* Dunning, W. A., ''[http://books.google.com/books/pdf/Essays_on_the_Civil_War_and_Reconstructi.pdf?Bvid=OCLC02117529&amp;id=2j0OAAAAIAAJ&amp;output=pdf&amp;sig=rB1llLZw_3h735Oxn9Lb4ie7iOA Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction]'' (New York, 1898)
* [[William Archibald Dunning|Dunning, W. A.]], ''Reconstruction, Political and Economic'' (New York, 1907) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=16224153 online edition]
* Foster, G. Allen, ''Impeached: The President who almost lost his job'' (New York, 1964).
* Gordon-Reed, Annette ''Andrew Johnson: The American Presidents Series: The 17th President, 1865-1869'', ISBN 0-8050-6948-8.
** [http://www.booktv.org/Program/12207/Andrew+Johnson.aspx Gordon-Reed, Annette speaking on] [[CSPAN]] [[Booktv]] ''Andrew Johnson''
* Kennedy, John F., &quot;Profiles In Courage&quot; (2006)
* [[Mark Hatfield|Hatfield, Mark O.]], with the Senate Historical Office, Vice Presidents of the United States, 1789–1993.(U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997), p.&amp;nbsp;219
* Mantell, Martin E. ''[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=89815306 Johnson, Grant, and the Politics of Reconstruction]'' (1973)
* McKitrick, Eric L., ''Andrew Johnson and Reconstruction'' (1961). ISBN 0-19-505707-4
* Means;Howard, ''The Avenger Takes His Place: Andrew Johnson and the 45 Days That Changed the Nation'' (New York, 2006)
* Milton; George Fort. ''The Age of Hate: Andrew Johnson and the Radicals'' (1930) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=14804076 online edition]
* Patton; James Welch. ''Unionism and Reconstruction in Tennessee, 1860–1869'' (1934) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=94962448 online edition]
* Rhodes; James Ford ''[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=24644891 History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan Campaign of 1896]'' Volume: 6. 1920. Pulitzer prize.
* Schouler, James. ''[http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC15799162&amp;id=p4fAuPxMYPIC&amp;printsec=toc&amp;dq=annual+cyclopedia+1867 History of the United States of America: Under the Constitution vol. 7. 1865–1877. The Reconstruction Period]'' (1917)
* {{Cite book|ref=Schweikart and Allen|last=Schweikart|first=Larry|author2=Michael Allen|title=A Patriot's History of the United States|publisher=Easton Press|year=2004}}
* Sledge, James L. III. &quot;Johnson, Andrew&quot; in ''Encyclopedia of the American Civil War.'' edited by David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler. (2000)
* Stewart, David, O. ''Impeached: the Trial of President Andrew Johnson and the Fight for Lincoln's Legacy'' (2009) Simon and Schuster, New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-4165-4749-5.
* Stryker, Lloyd P., ''Andrew Johnson: A Study in Courage'' (1929). ISBN 0-403-01231-7 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=295401 online edition]
* {{cite book |last=Trefousse |first= Hans L. |title=Andrew Johnson: A Biography |year=1989 |ISBN= 0-393-31742-0 |publisher=Norton}}
* Winston; Robert W. ''Andrew Johnson: Plebeian and Patriot'' (1928) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;d=3971949 online edition]

=== Sumber Primer ===
* Ralph W. Haskins, LeRoy P. Graf, and Paul H. Bergeron et al., eds. ''The Papers of Andrew Johnson'' 16 volumes; University of Tennessee Press, (1967–2000). ISBN 1-57233-091-0. Includes all letters and speeches by Johnson, and many letters written to him. Complete to 1875.
* [http://www.impeach-andrewjohnson.com/ Newspaper clippings, 1865–1869]
* [http://www.andrewjohnson.com/09ImpeachmentAndAcquittal/ImpeachmentAndAcquittal.htm Series of ''Harper's Weekly'' articles covering the impeachment controversy and trial]
* [http://starship.python.net/crew/manus/Presidents/aj2/aj2obit.html Johnson's obituary, from the ''New York Times''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125011958/http://starship.python.net/crew/manus/Presidents/aj2/aj2obit.html |date=2012-01-25 }}

== Cathetan sikil ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Pranala njaba ==
{{sisterlinks|s=Author:Andrew Johnson}}
* [http://edisoneffect.blogspot.com/2009/09/impeachment-trial-of-president-johnson.html The Impeachment trial of President Johnson as reported in Harper's Monthly Magazine April 1868]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1229.html Obituary, NY Times, August 1, 1875, ''Andrew Johnson Dead'']
* [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/impeach/articles.html Articles of Impeachment]
* [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/aj17.html White House Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117205017/http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/aj17.html |date=2009-01-17 }}
* [http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/andrew_johnson.pdf Vice Presidential biography. From the Senate Historical Office.]
* [http://www.mlwh.org/inside.asp?ID=91&amp;subjectID=2 Mr. Lincoln's White House: Andrew Johnson]
* [http://www.usa-presidents.info/speeches/cleveland-speech.html Andrew Johnson Cleveland Speech (September 3, 1866)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310013611/http://www.usa-presidents.info/speeches/cleveland-speech.html |date=March 10, 2011 }}
* [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llcg&amp;fileName=069/llcg069.db&amp;recNum=629 ''Congressional Globe'' transcript of Johnsons inaugural address]
* [http://www.archive.org/details/johnsonjohnson00andrrich ''Speeches of Andrew Johnson : President of the United States '' 1866 collection at archive.org]
* [http://discovergreeneville.com/andrewjohnson Andrew Johnson's 200th Birthday Celebration site at DiscoverGreeneville.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202233753/http://www.discovergreeneville.com/andrewjohnson/ |date=2011-02-02 }}
* [http://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/presidents/ajohnson/ Andrew Johnson: A Resource Guide from the Library of Congress]
* [http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/manuscripts/findingaids/131.pdf Tennessee State Library &amp; Archives, Andrew Johnson Papers, 1846-1875]
* [http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/govpapers/findingaids/gp18.pdf Tennessee State Library &amp; Archives, Papers of Governor Andrew Johnson, 1853-1857]
* [http://www.tennessee.gov/tsla/history/govpapers/findingaids/gp20.pdf Tennessee State Library &amp; Archives, Papers of (Military) Governor Andrew Johnson, 1862-1865]
* {{CongBio|J000116}} Retrieved on 2009-03-02
* [http://www.millercenter.virginia.edu/index.php/academic/americanpresident/johnson Essay on Andrew Johnson and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady from the Miller Center of Public Affairs]
*[http://americanpresidents.org/presidents/president.asp?PresidentNumber=17 Andrew Johnson] at [[C-SPAN]]'s ''[[American Presidents: Life Portraits]]''

{| class=&quot;navbox collapsible collapsed&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:auto;&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;background:#ccf;&quot;|{{space|12}}&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:110%;&quot;&gt;Offices and distinctions&lt;/span&gt;
|-
|
{{s-start}}
{{s-par|us-hs}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Thomas Dickens Arnold|Thomas D. Arnold]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of the [[List of United States Representatives from Tennessee|House of Representatives]]&lt;br /&gt;from [[Tennessee's 1st congressional district]]|years=1843–1853}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Brookins Campbell]]}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[William B. Campbell|William Campbell]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor of Tennessee]]|years=1853–1857}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Isham G. Harris|Isham Harris]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Isham G. Harris|Isham Harris]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governor of Tennessee]]|years=1862–1865}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Edward H. East|Edward East]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Acting Governor&lt;/small&gt;}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Hannibal Hamlin]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Vice President of the United States]]|years=1865}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Schuyler Colfax]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Abraham Lincoln]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[President of the United States]]|years=1865–1869}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ulysses S. Grant|Ulysses Grant]]}}
|-
{{s-par|us-sen}}
{{s-bef|before=[[James C. Jones|James Jones]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Tennessee|United States Senator (Class 1) from Tennessee]]|years=1857–1862|alongside=[[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|John Bell]], [[Alfred O. P. Nicholson|Alfred Nicholson]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David T. Patterson|David Patterson]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[William Gannaway Brownlow|William Brownlow]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of United States Senators from Tennessee|United States Senator (Class 1) from Tennessee]]|years=1875|alongside=[[Henry Cooper (U.S. Senator)|Henry Cooper]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[David M. Key|David Key]]}}
|-
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Hannibal Hamlin]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[List of United States Republican Party presidential tickets|nominee]] for [[Vice President of the United States]]¹|years=[[United States presidential election, 1864|1864]]}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Schuyler Colfax]]}}
|-
{{s-hon}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Millard Fillmore]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Oldest living United States president|Oldest living President of the United States]]|years=1874–1875}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Ulysses S. Grant|Ulysses Grant]]}}
{{s-ref|Lincoln and Johnson ran on the [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]] ticket in 1864.}}
|}

{{USpresidents}}
{{US Vice Presidents}}

[[Kategori:Lair 1808]]
[[Kategori:Pati 1875]]

&lt;!-- masih merah semua
[[Kategori:Warga Amérika Keturunan Inggris]]
--&gt;
[[Kategori:Warga Amérika Keturunan Scotch-Irlandia]]
[[Kategori:Kematian di Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat saka Parté Dhémokrat]]
[[Kategori:Gubernur Praja Amérika Sarékat saka Parté Dhémokrat]]
[[Kategori:Senator Amérika Sarékat saka Parté Dhémokrat]]
[[Kategori:Wakil Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat saka Parté Dhémokrat]]
[[Kategori:Sajarah Amérika Sarékat (1865-1918)]]
[[Kategori:Impeachment Pejabat Amérika Sarékat]]
[[Kategori:Walikota Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Amérika Sarékat dari Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Rekonstruksi Wong Amérika]]
[[Kategori:Warga North Carolina ing Perang Sedulur Amérika]]
[[Kategori:Warga Tennessee ing Perang Sedulur Amérika]]
[[Kategori:Warga Greeneville, Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Warga Raleigh, North Carolina]]
[[Kategori:Calon Wakil Présidhèn Parté Républik (Amérika Sarékat)]]
[[Kategori:Anggota Dewan Kutha Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Dhémokrat Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Senator Praja Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Uni Jenderal Angkatan Darat]]
[[Kategori:Pemimpin Pulitik Bersatu]]
[[Kategori:Calon Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat, 1860]]
[[Kategori:Calon Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat, 1868]]
[[Kategori:Senator Amérika Sarékat saka Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Calon Wakil Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat, 1864]]
[[Kategori:Penjait]]
[[Kategori:Personel Administrasi Lincoln]]
[[Kategori:Wakil Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat]]
[[Kategori:Mati amarga stroke]]
[[Kategori:Gubernur Tennessee]]
[[Kategori:Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat]]
[[Kategori:Wong Amérika Sarékat]]</text>
      <sha1>gcuehmeomn2rk0al5znmsc8a3gmrot7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Candhi Jabung</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>92586</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746518</id>
      <parentid>1733097</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T10:13:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746518</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3842" sha1="7wdd8wtgj63qie82jamdbj372o3y7fw" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Candhi Jabung B.JPG|thumb|260px|Candhi Jabung]]
'''Candhi Jabung''' ya iku tilas kang duwé [[sajarah]] ing [[Probolinggo]] kang ana ing [[Désa Jabung]], Kacamatan [[Paiton]] ana ing kedhuwuran 8 m dpl. Candhi iki digawé saka bata abangkanthi ukuran, dawa 13,11 m, amba 9,58 m lan dhuwur 15,58 m. Sadhurung dipugararéal candhi iki ambané 35 x 40 m lan saiki wus duwé amba 20.042 m2&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 1&quot;&gt;[http://id.shvoong.com/humanities/history/1748159-candhi-jabung-probolinggo/ www.id.shvoong.com: Candhi Jabung Probolinggo]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (diunduh tanggal 11 Oktober 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;.
Menurut keagamaan, [[Agama Buda]] ingkitab [[Nagarakertagama]] Candhi Jabung di sebutkan kanthi jenengBajrajinaparamitapura. Ingkitab Nagarakertagama Candhi Jabung diparani déning Raja [[Hayam Wuruk]] nalika keliling [[Jawa Timur]] ingtahun 1359 Masèhi. Ing kitab [[Pararaton]] karan Sajabung ya iku papan pemakaman Bhre Gundal salah seorang kulawarga raja&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 2&quot;&gt;[http://www.eastjava.com/books/jabungtemple/about.html www.eastjava.com: Jabung Temple]&lt;/ref&gt;.
== Arsitektur ==
Candhi Jabung madhep arah kulon, ing sisih kulon njorok menyang ngarep,ya iku bekas susunan anda munggah lumebu Candhi. Ing sisih Barat Daya latar candhi ana yasan candhi. Menara sudut diperkiraake penjuru pagar, fungsin é kanggo pelengkap yasan induk Candhi Jabung. Candhi Menara sudut digawé saka bahan batu bata, yasan candhi iku duwé ujuran saben sisih 2.55 mèter, dhuwur 6 mèter.
Arsitektur Candhi Jabung apik sanget, duwé komponèn wujud batur, sikil, tubuh lan payon, ing pérangan awak dhapuré bulet(silinder segi 8) ngadeg ing dhuwur sikil candhi kang tingkat telu wujud pasagi. Lan ing pérangan payon é dagoda (stupa) nanging ing pérangan puncak wus runtuh lan atapé duwé rerenggan kanthi motif sulur-suluran. Ing bidik candhi ana lapik area, ndasar ing inskripsi padha salan lumebu candhi Jabung didiriaké ing taun 1276 c (saka) = 1354 Masèhi masa kebesaran kraton Majapahit.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;&gt;[http://www.eastjava.com/books/jabungtemple/about.html www.eastjava.com: Candhi Jabung] (diunduh tanggal 11 Oktober 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ing pérangan awak candhi ana rélièf manungsa, omah lan wit-witan, ing sudut tenggara ana rélièf kang nggambarké wong wadon numpak ing punggung iwak, rélièf iki ana ing [[agama Hindhu]] ngisahaké carita lepasé jiwa [[Sri Tanjung]]. Kisah iki nglambangaké kesetian wong wadon marang garwané&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 4&quot;&gt;[http://www.beritajatim.com/detailnews.php/2/Gaya_Hidup/2011-03-14/95429/Candhi_Jabung_Lambangkan_Kesetiaan_Wanita www.beritajatim.com:Candhi Jabung Lambangkan Kesetiaan Wanita ]{{Pranala mati|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;. Rélièf [[Sri Tanjung]] uga ana ing [[Candhi Penataran]] ing Blitar, [[Candhi Surawana]] ing Kediri lan Gapura [[Bajangratu]] ing [[Trowulan]], Mojokerto.

Situs Candhi Jabung kasusun saka 2 pérangan ya iku siji yasan utama lan siji yasan kang luwé cilik. Kang menarik material yasan iki wujud bata abang kang kualitas apik kang diukiri rélièf. Struktur yasan candhi kang saka bata abang iki bisa tahan nganti ratusan taun&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 5&quot;&gt;[http://unik.inibaru.com/2012/03/mengenal-candhi-jabung-di-probolinggo.html www.unik.inibaru.com:Mengenal Candhi Jabung di Prolinggo Jawa Timur]{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
{{Commons category|Candhi Jabung}}
* [http://wikimapia.org/#lat=-7.7351677&amp;lon=113.4708953&amp;z=17&amp;l=0&amp;m=a&amp;v=2&amp;show=/4278525/Candhi-Jabung-Temple-Archeology-Site Lokasi candhi]

{{Candhi Buda Indonésia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jabung}}
[[Kategori:Candhi di Jawa Timur|Jabung]]
[[Kategori:Karajan Majapahit]]


{{arkéologi-stub}}</text>
      <sha1>7wdd8wtgj63qie82jamdbj372o3y7fw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Artémis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>96303</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746462</id>
      <parentid>1640256</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T20:05:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746462</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8019" sha1="pohreo024z7pk64wafwyfbe8snvheej" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox déwa Yunani
| name = Artemis
| image = Vatican Museum Diana statue.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Patung Artemis ing [[Musiyum Vatikan]].
| God of  = Dewi [[perburuan]], [[hutan]], [[bukit]], [[Kehidupan alasan|hewan alasan]], [[bulan]]
| Abode   = [[Gunung Olimpus]]  
| Symbol  = [[busur panah|busur dan anak panah]], [[rusa]], [[anjing]]
| Consort =   
| Parents = [[Zeus]] lan [[Leto]]
| Siblings= [[Apollo]]
| Children= 
| Mount   = [[Kereta perang]] ingkang dipuntarik déning sepasang [[rusa]]
| Roman_equivalent = [[Diana (mitologi)|Diana]]
| Etruscan_equivalent = [[Artume]]
}}

'''Artémis''' ([[Basa Yunani]] Ἄρτεμις) wonten ing [[mitologi Yunani]] punika [[dèwi]] paburon, ngalam alasan, 'kéwan alas'', [[kenya]], lan pawukiran. Artémis punika ingkang nolak [[lelara]] wonten ing para wanita lan kalebet dewi ingkang paring pitulung nalika prosès lairan. Artemis punika putri saking [[Zeus]] lan [[Leto]] sarta kembaranipun [[Apollo]]. Artemis dipungambaraken minangka pemburu lan mbeta busur sarta anak panah &lt;ref name=&quot;Hammond&quot;&gt;“Kekuasaannya ya iku di bumi, terutama papan-papan yang belum terjamah, hutan dan bukit yang banyak dihuni hewan alasan.&quot; Hammond dan Scullard (penyunting), ''The Oxford Classical Dictionary''. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970) hal. 126.&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Rusa]] lan wit siprus dipunkeramataken déning Artemis &lt;ref name=&quot;Hammond&quot;&gt;''The Oxford Classical Dictionary''. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970) hal. 126.&lt;/ref&gt;. Artemis punika asalipun saking masa pra-Yunani &lt;ref&gt;Rose, H. J. ''A Handbook of Greek Mythology'', Dutton 1959, hal. 112&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Guthrie, W. C. K. ''The Greeks and Their Gods'', Beacon 1955, hal. 99&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Homer]] menyebutnya sebagai ''Artemis Agrotera, [[Potnia Theron]]'' (Artemis dari Alam Liar, Ratu Para Binatang&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'' xxi 470&lt;/ref&gt;.

Wonten ing pangembanganipun, Artemis kaubungaken kaliyan [[Selene]], dewi bulan [[Yunani]] ingkang asring dipungambaraken kaliyan bulan sabut ing sirahipun. Nalika pungkasan masa Hellenistik ugi dipunwastani minangka ''dewi kelahiran'' (dipun''adhaptasi'' saking tugasipun [[Eilethyia]]). Wonten ing [[mitologi Romawi]] Artemis ugi kawéntar minangka [[Diana]] lan ing [[mitologi Etruska]] kaubungaken kaliyan dewi [[Artume]]. Kajawi punika ugi kaubungaken kaliyan dewi [[Hekate]].

== Ètimologi ==
[[Gambar:Artemis hinds Louvre CA1795.jpg|200px|right|thumb|Artemis nitih [[Kereta perang|Kreta perang]] ingkang dipuntarik déning satunggal pasang rusa. Lukisan vas saking taun 450–425 SM, kapanggihaken wonten ing [[Boeotia]].]]

Wonten hipotesis ingkang ngubungaken Artemis kaliyan *''h₂ŕ̥tḱos'' (&quot;beruang&quot;) ingkang ''berakar'' saking [[Proto-Indo-Éropah]] amargi wontenipun pamujan dhateng Artemis ing [[Brauronia]]lan [[Akrotiri|Arkouditessa]]. Nanging wonten ugi ingkang ngubungaken kaliyan nama saking [[Anatolia]],&lt;ref&gt;Campanile, ''Ann. Scuola Pisa'' '''28''':305&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Restelli, ''Aevum'' '''37''':307, 312.&lt;/ref&gt;. Awit saking punika inggih istilah kanggé ''beruang'' wonten ing [[Basa Hittis]] &lt;ref&gt;''Charis: Essays in Honor of Sara A. Immerwahr'', esai olèh Edwin L. Brown, &quot;In Search of Anatolian Apollo&quot;, ''Hesperia Supplements'' '''33''' (2004:243-257) hal. 251: Artemis, sebagai saudari kembar Apollo, didisksuikan dalam hal. 251.&lt;/ref&gt;. Bukti wiwitan babagan nama ''Artemis'' punika wonten ing lembaran [[linear B]] ingkang kapanggih wonten ing [[Pylos]], wonten ing mriku kaserat ''A-TI-MI-TE''.&lt;ref&gt;John Chadwick dan Lydia Baumbach, &quot;The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary&quot; ''Glotta, '''41'''.3./4. (1963:157-271) hal. 176, ''s.v.'' Ἂρτεμις, ''a-te-mi-to-'' (genitif); C. Souvinous, &quot;A-TE-MI-TO dan A-TI-MI-TE&quot;, ''Kadmos'''''9''' 1970:42-47; T. Christidis, &quot;Further remarks on A-TE-MI-TO and A-TI-MI-TE&quot;, ''Kadmos'' '''11''':125-28; [http://www.palaeolexicon.com Palaeolexicon], Word study tool of ancient languages;&lt;/ref&gt;. Déné Artemis kasebat ing [[Lydia]] minangka ''Artimus'' &lt;ref&gt;Indogermanica et Caucasica: Festschrift fur Karl Horst Schmidt zum 65. Geburtstag (Studies in Indo-European language and culture), W. de Gruyter, 1994, ''Etyma Graeca'', hal. 213-214, dalam [http://books.google.com/books?id=P3vb4KDB_UkC&amp;pg=PA213&amp;dq=lydian+artimus&amp;ei=QpsNTOjcC5bCzQSXlpXeCw&amp;cd=5#v=onepage&amp;q=lydian%20artimus&amp;f=false Google books]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Houwink ten Cate, ''The Luwian Population Groups of Lycia and Cilicia Aspera during the Hellenistic Period'' (Leiden) 1961, hal. 166, diamati dalam konteks ini olèh Brown 2004, hal. 252.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Wonten ing etimologi ingkang langkung tradhisional babagan [[Yunani Kuno]], nama Artemis kaubungaken kaliyan &quot;ἀρτεμής&quot; (''artemes''), &quot;aman&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29rtemh%2Fs ἀρτεμής], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', On Perseus Digital Library&lt;/ref&gt; utawi &quot;ἄρταμος&quot; (''artamos'') &quot;penjagal&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Da%29%2Frtamos ἄρταμος], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', On Perseus Digital Library&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D*%29%2Fartemis Ἄρτεμις],
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', On Perseus Digital Library; http://www.behindthename.com/name/artemis&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pamujaan ==
Artemis minangka ''dewi hutan lan perbukitan'' punika dipunsembah ing [[Yunani Kuno]]. Praktek pamujaan ingkang kawéntar punika wonten ing Pulo [[Delos]] (papan wiyosipun), ing Attika, [[Brauron]], ing Mounikhia (caket kaliyan [[Piraeus]] lan ing [[Sparta]]. Tiyang Sparta kuna padatanipun paring sesembahan sadèrèngipun ngawontenaken ''kampanye militèr'' amargi Dewi Artemis ugi kalebet salah satunggaling ''dewi pelindung'' kutha Sparta. Ing Sparta dipunwontenaken ''Artemis Orthia''. Déné wonten ing kutha [[Athena]], festival kanggé ngurmati Artemis punika ing antawisipun festival [[Elafebolia]], [[Mounikhia]], [[Kharisteria]], lan [[Brauronia]].

Ing Athena para priyantun èstri ingkang sampun caket kaliyan masa nikah dipunkintun dhateng [[Kuil Artemis]] ing Brauron supados nglayani Sang Dewi satunggal taun dangunipun. Wonten ing masa mau ingkang nglayani punika dipunwastani ''arktoi'' utawi ''beruang wadon kecil''. Miturut mitor, wiwitanipun tradisi punika nalika wonten beruang ingkang asring dugi ing Brauron lan para warganipun paring [[panganan|dedhararan]] marang kéwan mau saéngga saya dangu beruang mau sansaya kutkuk. Nanging wonten priyantun èstri enèm ingkang ngganggu beruang mau saéngga kéwan mau matèni priyantun punika. Kakang saking priyantun èstri mau duka lajeng matèni beruang saéngga Artemis ugi duka lan ngedahaken para priyantun èstri ingkang enèm supados ngabdi wonten kuilipun. Sasampunipun telas masa ngabdinipun, para pengantèn ngobong busana jero ingkang kaginakaken nalika taksih prawan.

== Ugi pirsani ==
* [[12 Déwa Olimpus]]
* [[Apollo]]
* [[Selene]]
* [[Panahan]]

== Pranala njawi ==
{{commons|Artemis}}
* [http://www.theoi.com/Olympios/Artemis.html Theoi Project, Artemis, informasi mengenai Artemis dari sastra dan seni Yunani dan Romawi kuno].
* [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0063&amp;query=label%3D%23290&amp;word=Amarysia Kamus Yunani dan Romawi kuno (1890)]
* [http://www.pantheon.org/articles/a/artemis.html Artemis di Encyclopedia Mythica]
* [http://www.mythweb.com/gods/Artemis_easy.html Artemis di Myth Web] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327173950/http://www.mythweb.com/gods/Artemis_easy.html |date=2010-03-27 }}
* [http://www.paleothea.com/SortaSingles/Artemis.html Artemis di Women in Greek Myths] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123173146/http://www.paleothea.com/SortaSingles/Artemis.html |date=2013-01-23 }}

== Cathetan suku ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Kategori:Déwa-Dewi Yunani]]
[[Kategori:Déwa Olimpus]]
[[Kategori:Yunani]]</text>
      <sha1>pohreo024z7pk64wafwyfbe8snvheej</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bernard Sellato</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>99175</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746491</id>
      <parentid>1735690</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T04:30:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746491</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11343" sha1="rn3kwcswuss4kv4yas8f9mnjttlf62d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox_Tokoh &lt;!-- For more information see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]]. --&gt; 
| name          = Bernard Sellato
| image         = BernardSellatoHeadShot.jpg
| image_size    = 
| alt           = Picture of Bernard Sellato 
| caption       = 
| pseudonym     = 
| birth_name    = 
| birth_date    = 1951
| birth_place   = 
| death_date    = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} --&gt;
| death_place   = 
| resting_place = 
| occupation    = antropolog
| bahasa     = Prancis, Inggris, Indonésia, Spanyol
| nationality   = Prancis
| ethnicity     = 
| citizenship   = 
| alma_mater     = M.Sc. in Geology (Nancy)&lt;br /&gt; Ph.D. in Anthropology (Paris)   = 
| period        = 
| genre         = 
| subject       = 
| movement      = 
| notableworks  = 
| spouse        = 
| partner       = 
| children      = 
| relatives     = 
| influences    = 
| influenced    = 
| awards        = Jeanne Cuisinier Book Prize (1989)&lt;br /&gt; European Multimedia Award (1998)&lt;br /&gt; Borneo Research Council Medal (2004)
| signature     = 
| signature_alt = 
| website       = 
| footnotes = nguwaosi basa Prancis, Inggris, Indonésia, Spanyol
| portaldisp    = 
}}

'''Bernard Sellato''' ingkang miyos nalika taun [[1951]]&lt;ref name=SSRCM-1&gt;{{cite book | editor1-last = Eghenter | editor1-first = Cristina | editor2-last = Sellato | editor2-first = Bernard | editor3-last = Devung | editor3-first = G. Simon | title = Social Science Research and Conservation Management in the Interior of Borneo | publisher = CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research)| location = Bogor (Indonésia) | year = 2003 | isbn = 9793361026 | page= xiv }}&lt;/ref&gt; nyandang gelar master géologi saking ENSG (École Nationale Supérieure de Géologie) wonten ing Nancy (Prancis) lan gelar dhoktor antropologi saking EHESS (École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales) ing [[Paris]], [[Prancis]]. Piyambakipun dumunung kanthi dangu wonten ing [[Kalimantan]] saperlu nelaah sajarah, basa, lan kabudayan.&lt;ref name=BottomlessWell-1&gt;{{cite book | last = Noer | first = Arifin | title = The Bottomless Well | publisher = Lontar Foundation | location = Jakarta | year = 1992 | isbn = 9798083105 | page= 109 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sasampunipun kunjungan ingkang kapisanan dhateng [[Borneo]] wonten ing taun [[1973]]-[[1975]], sadanguning pinten - pinten taun Sellato  njajahi kanthi sampan lan mlampah sinambi nliti basa lan antropologi ing antawising masarakat alas apngembara lan tani ''tebas lan bakar'' ing alas Pegunungan Muller lan ing sapérangan ing laladan [[Kalimantan]]. Piyambakipun dipunadopsi déning satunggaling kulawarga Aoheng lan dipunsukani jejuluk Suling Dirung.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hornbill and Dragon-1&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last = Sellato | first = Bernard | title = Naga Dan Burung Enggang. Hornbill and Dragon. Kalimantan, Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei | publisher = Elf Aquitaine | location = Jakarta | year = 1989 | isbn = 9789798112003 | page= back cover }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Wonten ing taun [[1988]], Bernard Sellato dipundhawuhi déning satunggaling parusahan lenga, [[Elf Aquitaine]],  kanggé nyerat buku seni (''coffee-table art book'') babagan Bornéo, ingkang nelasaken wekdal satunggal taun kanggé panalitènipun lan panulisan – kasilipun inggih punika buku dwibasa kanthi gambar “Hornbill and Dragon” ingkang terbit taun [[1989]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Hornbill and Dragon-2&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last = Sellato | first = Bernard | title = Naga Dan Burung Enggang. Hornbill and Dragon. Kalimantan, Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei | publisher = Elf Aquitaine | location = Jakarta | year = 1989 | isbn = 9789798112003 | page= 9 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ingkang édisi kaping kalih terbit nalika taun [[1992]]. Buku kasil èdisinipun ingkang paling ènggal, “Plaited Arts from the Borneo Rainforest”, kanthi sponsor ''[[Total E&amp;P Indonésie]]'', dipunterbitaken wonten ing taun [[2012]].&lt;ref name=PlaitedArts-1&gt;{{cite book | editor1-last = Sellato | editor1-first = Bernard | title = Plaited Arts from the Borneo Rainforest | publisher = Lontar Foundation | location = Jakarta | year = 2012 | isbn = 9786029144048}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kajawi nyerat piyambak 6 buku, Sellato ugi dados èditor lan ko-èditor enem buku malih lan nyumbangaken sajumlah artikel babagan Borneo kanggé sapérangan buku lan jurnal. Piyambakipun inggih punika mantan direktur Institut Riset Asia Tenggara /''the Institute for Research on Southeast Asia'', ([[CNRS]] lan [[Universite de Provence]]) ing [[Marseilles]], [[Prancis]] lan dados panyunting jurnal  dwibasa &quot;Moussons: Social Science Research on Southeast Asia&quot; saking taun [[1999]] dumugi [[2008]].&lt;ref name=PlaitedArts-2&gt;{{cite book | editor1-last = Sellato | editor1-first = Bernard | title = Plaited Arts from the Borneo Rainforest | publisher = Lontar Foundation | location = Jakarta | year = 2012 | isbn = 9786029144048 | page= 507 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sellato inggih punika satunggaling ahli ingkang dipunhurmati wonten ing bidangipun – miturut review déning Simon Strickland babagan ''Innermost Borneo: Studies in Dayak cultures (2002)'' wonten ''the Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute'', panalitèn Sellato maringi sumbangan ingkang wigati sanget babagan suku pangembara Borneo, éwadéné étnografi lan sejarahipun awrat sanget.&lt;ref name=JSTOR-1&gt;{{Cite journal |doi=10.2307/3803847|title=Untitled |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3803847 |journal=The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute |author=Simon Strickland |volume=10 |issue=3|date=September 2004 |pages=749-750}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Wonten ing taun [[2004]], Bernard Sellato pikantuk anugerah ''the Borneo Research Council Medal'' anggé sumbanganipun ingkang wigati sanget kanggé panalitèn babagan masarakat lan kabudayan Borneo sadanguning 30 taun.&lt;ref name=BRC-1&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.borneoresearchcouncil.org/medal.htm |title=Borneo Research Council Medal | date= | publisher=Borneo Research Council |language=Inggris | lccn= 
|accessdate=20 Maret 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Karya-Karya Pilihan==

*{{cite book | last = Sellato | first = Bernard | title = Nomades et sédentarisation à Bornéo. Histoire économique et sociale. | publisher = Editions de l’EHESS | location = Paris | year = 1989 | isbn = 271320917X}}
*{{cite book | last = Sellato | first = Bernard | title = Naga Dan Burung Enggang. Hornbill and Dragon. Kalimantan, Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei | publisher = Elf Aquitaine | location = Jakarta | year = 1989 | isbn = 9789798112003}}
*{{cite book | last = Sellato | first = Bernard | title = Hornbill and Dragon. Arts and Culture of Borneo | publisher = ESun Tree | location = Singapore | year = 1992 | isbn = 9810027133}}
*{{cite book | last = Sellato | first = Bernard | title = Nomads of the Borneo Rainforest | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | location = Honolulu | year = 1994 | isbn = 9780585249926}}
*{{cite book | last = Sellato | first = Bernard | title = Forest, resources and people in Bulungan: Elements for a history of settlement, trade, and social dynamics in Borneo, 1880-2000. | publisher = CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research) | location = Bogor (Indonésia) | year = 2001 | isbn = 9798764765}}
*{{cite book | last = Sellato | first = Bernard | title = Innermost Borneo | publisher = Singapore University Press | location = Singapore | year = 2002 | isbn = 2914936028}}
*{{cite book | editor1-last = Eghenter | editor1-first = Cristina | editor2-last = Sellato | editor2-first = Bernard | editor3-last = Devung | editor3-first = G. Simon | title = Social Science Research and Conservation Management in the Interior of Borneo | publisher = CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research)| location = Bogor (Indonésia) | year = 2003 | isbn = 9793361026}}
*{{cite book | editor1-last = Le Roux | editor1-first = P. | editor2-last = Sellato | editor2-first = B. | editor3-last = Ivanoff | editor3-first = J. | title = Poids et mesures en Asie du Sud-Est. Systèmes métrologiques et sociétés. Weights and Measures in Southeast Asia. Metrological Systems and Societies. | publisher = CNRS-IRSEA (Marseilles) and EFEO (Paris)| location = | year = 2004 and 2008 | isbn = 9782855396460}}
*{{cite book | editor1-last = Le Roux | editor1-first = P. | editor2-last = Sellato | editor2-first = B. | title = Les Messagers divins. Aspects esthétiques et symboliques des oiseaux en Asie du Sud-Est. Divine Messengers. Bird Aesthetics and Symbolism in Southeast Asia. | publisher = SevenOrients &amp; Connaissances et Savoirs | location = Paris | year = 2004 and 2008 | isbn = 2753900590}}
*{{cite book | editor1-last = Sercombe | editor1-first = Peter | editor2-last = Sellato | editor2-first = Bernard | title = Beyond the Green Myth: Hunter-Gatherers of Borneo in the Twenty-First Century | publisher = NIAS (Nordic Institute of Asian Studies) Press | location = Copenhagen | year = 2007 | isbn = 9788791114847}}
*{{cite book | editor1-last = Sellato | editor1-first = Bernard | title = Plaited Arts from the Borneo Rainforest | publisher = Lontar Foundation (Jakarta) and NUS Press (Singapore) | location = | year = 2012 | isbn = 9786029144048}}

==Cathetan suku==
{{Reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==

*{{cite web | url = http://case.vjf.cnrs.fr/spip.php?article442 | title = Sellato Bernard | date =  | publisher = Centre Asie du Sud-Est. | language = Inggris | lccn =  | accessdate = 20 Maret 2013 | archive-date = 2013-01-06 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130106165258/http://case.vjf.cnrs.fr/spip.php?article442 | url-status = dead }}
*{{cite web | url = http://sites.univ-provence.fr/irsea/spip.php?rubrique35 | title = Moussons |date= | publisher = | language = Inggris |lccn= |accessdate = 20 Maret 2013}}
*{{cite web | url = http://www.ehess.fr/fr/ | title = EHESS |date= | publisher = | language = Prancis |lccn= |accessdate = 20 Maret 2013}}
*{{cite web | url = http://www.ensg.inpl-nancy.fr/ | title = ENSG | date =  | publisher =  | language = Prancis | lccn =  | accessdate = 20 Maret 20132 | archive-date = 2000-09-16 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20000916012814/http://www.ensg.inpl-nancy.fr/ | url-status = dead }}
*{{cite web | url = http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu | title = University of Hawai'i Press |date= | publisher = | language = Inggris |lccn= |accessdate = 20 Maret 2013}}
*{{cite web | url = http://www.niaspress.dk/ | title = NIAS Press | date =  | publisher =  | language = Inggris | lccn =  | accessdate = 20 Maret 2013 | archive-date = 2013-06-18 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130618013017/http://niaspress.dk/ | url-status = dead }}
*{{cite web | url = http://www.nus.edu.sg/nuspress/ | title = NUS Press |date= | publisher = | language = Inggris |lccn= |accessdate = 20 Maret 2013}}
*{{cite web | url = http://www.lontar.org/ | title = The Lontar Foundation |date= | publisher = | language = Inggris |lccn= |accessdate = 20 Maret 2013}}	
*{{cite web | url = http://www.cifor.org/ | title = CIFOR |date= | publisher = | language = Inggris |lccn= |accessdate = 20 Maret 2013}}	
*{{cite web | url = http://www.efeo.fr/ | title = EFEO | date =  | publisher =  | language = Prancis | lccn =  | accessdate = 20 Maret 2013 | archive-date = 2017-05-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170520223134/http://www.efeo.fr/ | url-status = dead }}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sellato, Bernard}}
[[Kategori:Ahli géologi Prancis]]
[[Kategori:Ahli antropologi Prancis]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1951]]
[[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Paris]]</text>
      <sha1>rn3kwcswuss4kv4yas8f9mnjttlf62d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bordeaux</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>99570</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746504</id>
      <parentid>1744892</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T06:52:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746504</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="77971" sha1="th5kjljqd6ikrgo5t1vh9ejpm9zezc0" xml:space="preserve">{| {{prettytable}} align=&quot;right&quot; width=&quot;300&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;'''Bordeaux'''&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background: #ffffff;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; | 
{| cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140&quot; | 
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140&quot; | &lt;small&gt;'''Kitha Bordeaux'''&lt;/small&gt;
|}
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 3px solid gray;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;Lambang&lt;br /&gt;
Kitha Bordeaux&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: 1px solid gray;&quot; | [[Gambar:Coat of Arms of Bordeaux.svg|150px]]
|-
| '''Nagara'''
| Prancis
|-
| '''Wewengkon Administratif'''
| [[Aquitaine]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet1&quot;/&gt;
|-
| '''Dhépartemèn'''
| [[Gironde]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet1&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=4923 |title=''Bordeaux'' |author= cassini.ehess.fr |year= |publisher=cassini.ehess.fr  |access-date=30 Maret 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| '''[[Gubernur]]'''
| [[Alain Juppé]] (2008–2014)
|-
| '''Wewengkon'''&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;-Wiyaripun:&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;49.36&amp;nbsp;km²
|-
| '''[[Padunung]]'''&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;-Total (2008):&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;-Kapadhetan:
| &lt;br /&gt;213.000 (2008)&lt;br /&gt; 4 921,9 jiwa/km²&lt;ref name=&quot;Kepadhetan&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.annuaire-mairie.fr/ville-bordeaux.html|title=''La ville de Bordeaux'' |author= annuaire-mairie.fr |year= |publisher=annuaire-mairie.fr  |access-date=24 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|'''Tetenger Wébsite
| {{URL|www.bordeaux.fr}}
|}

'''Bordeaux''' ({{IPA-fr|bɔʁ.do|-|}}) inggih punika salah satunggalipun [[Kutha|kitha]] ingkang wonten ing [[Prancis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet5&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux dipunsebat kitha [[plabuhan]] ingkang mapan ing [[Kidul-Kulon|kidul-kilèn]] Prancis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet5&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux punika kutha krajanipun wewengkon administratif [[Aquitaine]], lan mlebet [[Dhépartemèn Gironde]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet3&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/commune.asp?annee=2009%26depcom=33063&amp;title=[1] |title=''33063-Bordeaux'' |author=archive.wikiwix.com |year= |publisher=archive.wikiwix.com |access-date=30 Maret 2013 |archive-date=2018-06-03 |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20180603145709/http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/commune.asp?annee=2009 |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kitha Bordeaux dados kitha paling ageng urutan kaping gangsal ing Prancis, sasampunipun [[Paris]], [[Lyon]], [[Marseille]] lan [[Lille]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet4&quot;/&gt;
Taun [[2007]] Kitha Bordeaux dipunresmékaken minangka [[situs warisan donya]] [[UNESCO]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet4&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/the-city-of-bordeaux-a-place-of-wonder-915084.html |title=''The city of Bordeaux: a place of wonder'' |author= independent.co.uk |year= |publisher=independent.co.uk  |access-date=30 Maret 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bordeaux misuwur minangka '''Kitha [[Anggur]]'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet5&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux sampun mrodhuksi anggur awit abad angka 8.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet5&quot;/&gt; Kitha punika dados panyelenggara adicara pamèran indhustri anggur ''Vinexpo''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet5&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux ugi dados kitha kanggé panalitén babagan [[militèr]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet5&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.mapsofworld.com/france/bordeaux-city-map.html |title=''Bordeaux Tourist Attractions'' |author= mapsofworld.com |year= |publisher=mapsofworld.com  |access-date=30 Maret 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bordeaux kalebet punjering sajarah nagara [[Prancis]] ingkang gadhah manéka warni wangunan kanthi [[arsitèktur]] ingkang saé, dipundamel ing jaman kapengker, ingkang ngantos kawitanipun abad kalih dasa taksih dipunjagi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet6&quot;/&gt; Sasampunipun wangunan Kitha [[Paris]], wangunan ing Kitha Bordeaux punika wangunan ingkang dipunreksa déning pamaréntah [[Prancis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet6&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux dipunakeni gadhah jasa minangka punjering sajarah Prancis awit abad kalih welas.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet6&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/actualites/361 |title=''Bordeaux, Port de la Lune, France '' |author= whc.unesco.org |year= |publisher=whc.unesco.org |access-date=30 Maret 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sujarah ==
Sajarah Bordeaux dipunwiwiti ing wekdal [[Paléolitik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet7&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux ing jaman rumiyin dipundunungi [[tiyang Neanderthal]] watawis 20.000 ngantos 30.000 taun kapengker.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet7&quot;/&gt; [[Fosil]]-fosil tiyang Neanderthal sampun kapanggih ing guwa-guwa ing wewengkon Bordeaux punika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet7&quot;/&gt; Ing salah satunggalipun [[guwa]] kapanggih fosil ingkang dipunsebat ''Pair non Pair'', guwa punika dumunung ing sisih [[lor|lèr]] Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet7&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.buzzle.com/articles/history-of-bordeaux.html |title=''History of Bordeaux'' |author= Scholasticus K |year= |publisher=buzzle.com |access-date=30 Maret 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taun 300 [[Pananggalan Masèhi|SM]], wewengkon Bordeaux dipundhominasi déning pamukiman [[Suku Celtic]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet7&quot;/&gt; [[Bituriges Vivisci]] punika salah satunggalipun suku ingkang paling ageng ing wewengkon punika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet7&quot;/&gt; Tembung &quot;Bordeaux&quot; dipundamel saking nama &quot;Bourde&quot;, satunggalipun [[kali|lèpèn]] ing sakiduling kutha punika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet7&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux kalebet wewengkon ingkang wigati tumraping perékonomian [[Romawi]] minangka pengasil [[logam]], mliginipun logam [[timah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet7&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux ugi naté dipundadosaken kutha krajan [[Romawi Aquitania]] utawi Aquitania Gallia, ingkang kalebet provinsi [[Romawi]] ing sakiduling Prancis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet7&quot;/&gt;

Kitha Bordeaux dipunjumenengakaken ing abad kapisan déning suku lokal ingkang dipuntepangi minangka tiyang-tiyang [[Vivisques Biturgies]], kanthi nama asli &quot;Kitha Burdigala&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet8&quot;/&gt; Ing mangsa salajengipun wewengkon punika tambah grengseng, makmur lan dados tujuwan ékonomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet8&quot;/&gt; Wewengkon Bordeaux naté dipunkuwaosi [[Kakaisaran Romawi]] ing taun 56 [[Pananggalan Masèhi|SM]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet9&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/france/southwestern-france/bordeaux/history |title=''Bordeaux History'' |author=BBC Worldwide |year= |publisher=BBC Worldwide |access-date=30 Maret 2013 |archive-date=2013-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630165536/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/france/southwestern-france/bordeaux/history |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bangsa Romawi nguwaosi Bordeaux lan damel rencana yasa Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet10&quot;/&gt; [[Kakaisaran Romawi|Romawi]] yasa kalih margi utami: lèr-kidul ''Cardo'' lan wétan-kilèn.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet10&quot;/&gt; Wekdal samanten wewengkon Bordeaux dipunsebat '''Roma alit'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet10&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://bordeauxreservation.fr/ |title=Bordeaux History |author=bordeauxreservation.fr |year= |publisher=bordeauxreservation.fr |access-date=30 Maret 2013 |archive-date=2022-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103144508/https://www.bordeauxreservation.fr/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Gambar:Plan de Bordeaux et de ses environs, par Hippolyte Matis.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Bordeaux ing taun 1717]]
[[Gambar:Bituriges Vivisci.jpg|thumb|250px|left|[[dhuwit|arta]] rècèh wekdal Romawi-Gaul]]
Salajengipun Bordeaux dipunkuwaosi [[Inggris]] sadangunipun tigang taun sasampunipun palakrami [[Eleanor saking Aquitaine]] kaliyan [[Henry II saking Inggris]] ing taun [[1152]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet8&quot;/&gt; Sadangunipun paprangan 100 taun [[1337]]-[[1453]] raja-raja Prancis tansah mbudidaya kanggé ngrebat malih wewengkon ingkang dipunkuwaosi [[Inggris]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet8&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g187079-s203/Bordeaux:France:History.html |title=''Bordeaux: History'' |author= tripadvisor.com |year= |publisher=tripadvisor.com |access-date=30 Maret 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wekdal paprangan punika ingkang ndadosaken tuwuhing raos manunggal kawarganagaraan [[Prancis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet8&quot;/&gt; Pungkasanipun Inggris kawon lan sadaya wewengkon Prancis ingkang dipunkuwaosi Inggris dipunwangsulaken malih dhateng Prancis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet8&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux saged dipunrebat malih saking Inggris ing taun [[1451]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet8&quot;/&gt;
Wekdal taksih dipunkuwaosi Inggris, Bordeaux dados punjering niyaga ingkang ageng lan ugi dados sumber daya [[ékonomi]] ingkang ageng.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet8&quot;/&gt; Sasampunipun wangsul malih dhateng panguwaosanipun Prancis, Bordeaux teras tuwuh ngrembaka, nanging ing wekdal paprangan [[Révolusi Prancis]] ékonomi Bordeaux mandhap lan rugi ngantos tengahing abad angka 19.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet8&quot;/&gt; Ing wekdal salajengipun ékonomi Bordeaux saged tuwuh ngrembaka malih.&lt;ref name=&quot;Internet8&quot;/&gt;

== Géografi ==
=== Papan dunungipun ===
[[Gambar:Gironde map routes villes.png|thumb|Bordeaux]]
Bordeaux punika satunggaling kitha ingkang wonten ing [[Dhépartemèn Girondé]] (wewengkon Aquitaine).&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi2&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.hist-geo.com/localiser/ville/bordeaux.php |title=''Localiser Bordeaux (Préfecture de la Gironde, France)'' |author=hist-geo.com |year= |publisher=hist-geo.com |access-date=3 April 2013 |archive-date=8 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508081444/http://www.hist-geo.com/Localiser/Ville/Bordeaux.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tiyang ingkang pidalem ing Bordeaux dipunsebat ''Bordelais'' lan gunggungipun kang ndunungi sénsus taun [[1999]] watawis 215.363.&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi1&quot;/&gt; Wewengkon punika gadhah wiyar 49,5&amp;nbsp;km ² kanthi kepadhetan 4 921,9 jiwa/km² lan wonten ing kainggilan 16 [[mèter]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kepadhetan&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi1&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.lion1906.com/departements/gironde/bordeaux.php |title=''Bordeaux'' |author=lion1906.com |year= |publisher=lion1906.com |access-date=3 April 2013 |archive-date=25 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325053845/http://www.lion1906.com/departements/gironde/bordeaux.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Bordeaux punika dumunung ing sacaketipun [[Samodra Atlantika]], ing [[kidul-kulon|kidul-kilèn]] [[Prancis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi2&quot;/&gt; [[Iklim]] Bordeaux sedhengan kanthi mangsa asrep ingkang langkung rikat lan kalembaban ingkang inggil amargi caket kaliyan [[Samodra Atlantika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi2&quot;/&gt; Ing Kitha Bordeaux wit [[anggur]] saged tuwuh kanthi subur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi2&quot;/&gt; Kebon-kebon kanggé nanem anggur manggén 80 [[kilomèter]] tebihipun saking punjeripun Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi2&quot;/&gt;

=== Géologi ===
Bordeaux mujudaken wewengkon ingkang wujud [[paredèn]] kanthi kainggilan rata-rata endhèp.&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi3&quot;/&gt; Dhataran ing Bordeaux kawujud saking sedhimén lan ugi [[watu]] krikil.&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi3&quot;/&gt; Ing sisih [[kulon|kilén]] wujud dhataran ingkang ngandhut [[wedhi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi3&quot;/&gt; Siti ingkang kados makaten pas kanggé tetanen [[anggur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi3&quot;/&gt; Kitha Bordeaux dumunung ing antawisipun wewengkon [[Médoc]] (''downstream'') lan [[Graves]] ingkang mémper ing sipat [[géologi]]nipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi3&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/site/bordeuax1/8o-ano-matematica|title=''Géologie et relief''|year=|publisher=sites.google.com|access-date=4 April 2013|archive-date=28 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428233525/https://sites.google.com/site/bordeuax1/8o-ano-matematica|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Sawetawis 20 kilomèter tebihipun saking Bordeaux, wonten wewengkon ingkang [[lemah|sitinipun]] ngandhut kapur lan inggilipun 90 [[mèter]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi3&quot;/&gt; Ing wewengkon punika kathah kebon anggur kados ''Saint-Emilion'', ''Pomerol'' lan ''Fronsac'' ingkang kuncara amargi anggur ingkang dipunasilaken kalebet anggur ingkang paling awis ing donya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Géografi3&quot;/&gt;

== Iklim ==
[[Iklim]] Bordeaux punika iklim [[sagara]], dipuntengeri kanthi mangsa asrep lan [[mangsa panas|mangsa bentèr]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Iklim1&quot;/&gt; Mangsa [[udan|jawah]] kanthi ''intensitas'' 150 dinten saben taun, ingkang ndadosaken lingkungan Bordeaux saya [[ijo|ijem]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Iklim1&quot;/&gt; [[Suhu]] rata-rata 6,4&amp;nbsp;°C ing wulan [[Januari]] lan 20,9&amp;nbsp;°C ing wulan [[Agustus]] kanthi rata-rata 13,3&amp;nbsp;°C.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iklim1&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux gadhah watawis 15-20 dinten mangsa jawah nalika suhu langkung saking 30&amp;nbsp;°C.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iklim1&quot;/&gt; Éwadéné suhu ingkang paling èkstrim punika nalika mangsa bentèr taun [[2003]] kanthi suhu 41&amp;nbsp;°C.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iklim1&quot;/&gt; Bilih tingkat cahya srengéngé ingkang nyinari Kutha Bordeaux punika langkung saking 2000 jam saben taunipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iklim1&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux kirang pas kanggé [[ulah raga]] [[ski]] amargi ing wewengkon punika jawah [[salju]] rata-rata namung 4 [[dina|dinten]] ing saben taunipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iklim1&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.venirabordeaux.fr/Climat,87 |title=''Climat'' |author=Marion Berthelemot |year= |publisher=venirabordeaux.fr |access-date=4 April 2013 |archive-date=13 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130413041920/http://www.venirabordeaux.fr/Climat,87 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Manawi dipunbandhingaken kaliyan kitha-kitha sanès ing sisih kidul, Bordeaux gadhah kauntungan inggih punika caket kaliyan sagara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iklim1&quot;/&gt; Caket kaliyan sagara punika ndadosaken [[suhu|hawanipun]] adhem lan boten patosa bentèr, lan kwalitasipun hawa ingkang saé.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iklim1&quot;/&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
|+ Iklim rata-rata Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iklimrata2&quot;&gt;{{es}}{{cite web |url=http://climatedata.eu/climate.php?loc=frxx0016&amp;lang=es |title=''Clima Bordeaux-Francia'' |author=climatedata.eu |year= |publisher=climatedata.eu |access-date=21 April 2013 |archive-date=28 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428175805/http://climatedata.eu/climate.php?loc=frxx0016&amp;lang=es |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''Jan'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''Féb'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''Mar'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''Apr'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''Méi'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''Jun'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''Jul'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''Agu'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''Sép'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''Okt'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''Nov'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''Dés'''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Suhu maksimum (°C) [[Gambar:WPTC Meteo task force.svg|30px]]
| bgcolor=&quot;#F03000&quot; | 9
| bgcolor=&quot;#F03000&quot; | 11
| bgcolor=&quot;#F03000&quot; | 15
| bgcolor=&quot;#F03000&quot; | 17
| bgcolor=&quot;#F03000&quot; | 20
| bgcolor=&quot;#F03000&quot; | 24
| bgcolor=&quot;#F03000&quot; | 25
| bgcolor=&quot;#F03000&quot; | 26
| bgcolor=&quot;#F03000&quot; | 23
| bgcolor=&quot;#F03000&quot; | 18
| bgcolor=&quot;#F03000&quot; | 13
| bgcolor=&quot;#F03000&quot; | 9
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Suhu minimum (°C) [[Gambar:WPTC Meteo task force.svg|30px]]
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF00&quot; | 2
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF00&quot; | 2
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF00&quot; | 4
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF00&quot; | 6
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF00&quot; | 9
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF00&quot; | 12
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF00&quot; | 14
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF00&quot; | 14
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF00&quot; | 12
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF00&quot; | 8
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF00&quot; | 5
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF00&quot; | 3
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Curah [[udan|jawah]] (mm) [[Gambar:WPTC Meteo task force.svg|30px]]
| bgcolor=&quot;#00C0F0&quot; | 90
| bgcolor=&quot;#00C0F0&quot; | 75
| bgcolor=&quot;#00C0F0&quot; | 63
| bgcolor=&quot;#00C0F0&quot; | 48
| bgcolor=&quot;#00C0F0&quot; | 61
| bgcolor=&quot;#00C0F0&quot; | 65
| bgcolor=&quot;#00C0F0&quot; | 56
| bgcolor=&quot;#00C0F0&quot; | 70
| bgcolor=&quot;#00C0F0&quot; | 84
| bgcolor=&quot;#00C0F0&quot; | 83
| bgcolor=&quot;#00C0F0&quot; | 96
| bgcolor=&quot;#00C0F0&quot; | 109
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Cacahipun dinten jawah bén-wulan [[Gambar:WPTC Meteo task force.svg|30px]] 
| bgcolor=&quot;#D0FFF0&quot; | 16
| bgcolor=&quot;#D0FFF0&quot; | 13
| bgcolor=&quot;#D0FFF0&quot; | 13
| bgcolor=&quot;#D0FFF0&quot; | 13
| bgcolor=&quot;#D0FFF0&quot; | 14
| bgcolor=&quot;#D0FFF0&quot; | 11
| bgcolor=&quot;#D0FFF0&quot; | 11
| bgcolor=&quot;#D0FFF0&quot; | 12
| bgcolor=&quot;#D0FFF0&quot; | 13
| bgcolor=&quot;#D0FFF0&quot; | 14
| bgcolor=&quot;#D0FFF0&quot; | 15
| bgcolor=&quot;#D0FFF0&quot; | 17
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Jam sumunaré [[srengéngé]] [[Gambar:Gnome-weather-few-clouds.svg|30px]]
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF70&quot; | 81
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF70&quot; | 103
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF70&quot; | 174
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF70&quot; | 210
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF70&quot; | 229
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF70&quot; | 253
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF70&quot; | 262
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF70&quot; | 243
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF70&quot; | 195
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF70&quot; | 158
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF70&quot; | 84
| bgcolor=&quot;#F0FF70&quot; | 60
|}

== Ékonomi ==
[[Gambar:Sauternes 04.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Kebon anggur ing Bordeaux]]
Bordeaux dados satunggalipun wewengkon ingkang ngasilaken [[anggur]] paling ageng sadonya kanthi watawis 117.000 [[hèktar]] kebon anggur, 9.000 pengasil anggur châteaux, 13.000 wong tani anggur, 400 tiyang sadé anggur kanthi transaksi anggur 14,5 milyar [[euro]] saben taunipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi2&quot;/&gt;
Kanthi prodhuksi taunan langkung saking 700 yuta [[botol]], Bordeaux ngasilaken anggur ingkang kathah lan ugi awis reginipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi2&quot;/&gt; [[Anggur]] [[abang|abrit]] lan [[putih|pethak]] ugi dipuntanem ing Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi2&quot;/&gt; Wewengkon tetanén anggur Bordeaux dipunpérang dados subregional Saint-Émilion, Pomerol, Médoc, lan Graves.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi2&quot;/&gt;

Kajawi [[ékonomi]] tradhisional laladan (kados anggur, agribisnis, indhustri [[kayu]], lan [[dluwang]] (''kertas'')), kagiyatan ékonomi Bordeaux ugi tuwuh ing babagan indhustri lan jasa [[tèknologi]] énggal, kados: kadirgantaraan ([[montor mabur|montor miber]]), [[indhustri otomotif]], [[Elektronika|èlèktronika]], télékomunikasi, lan indhustri jasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi&quot;/&gt;
Bordeaux kalebet wewengkon Prancis ingkang makmur [[ékonomi]]nipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi&quot;/&gt; Kitha punika ugi majeng ing bab [[tèknologi]], saéngga ndadosaken tuwuhing ékonomi Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://bordeauxconventionbureau.fr/en/content/economy|title=''Home / About Bordeaux / Economy''|author=bordeauxconventionbureau.fr|year=|publisher=bordeauxconventionbureau.fr|access-date=6 April 2013|archive-date=29 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729131304/http://bordeauxconventionbureau.fr/en/content/economy|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tuwuhipun [[ékonomi]] Kitha Bordeaux ing wekdal samangke ugi dipuntandhani ing babagan ilmiyah, ngèlmu pagesangan, piranti-pirati énggal lan prodhuksi [[laser]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux mrodhuksi [[Rokèt]], piranti bedhah kanggé opérasi, [[Fisika plasma|plasma]], lan sanès-sanèsipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi&quot;/&gt; Kanggé ngatur ékonominipun, Bordeaux mérang wewengkonipun dados sekawan, inggih punika:
* ''Aerospace Valley'', wewengkon mligi mrodhuksi montor miber lan piranti dirgantara sanèsipun;
* ''Route des Lasers'', wewengkon mligi mrodhuksi [[tèknologi]] [[laser]];
* ''Avenia'', mrodhuksi tèknologi géosains lan [[lingkungan]];
* ''Xylofutur'', mrodhuksi [[Baita|kapal]] lan tèknologi piranti maritim sanèsipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi&quot;/&gt;

=== Anggaran ===
Anggaran [[dhuwit|dana]] taun [[2013]] minggah dados 2,6%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Anggaran&quot;/&gt; Pamaréntah Bordeaux mutusaken minggahaken tingkat tarif pajeg Bordeaux ing wulan [[Maret]] [[2013]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Anggaran&quot;/&gt; Ngéngingi sadaya pajeg ingkang dipunkempalaken sampun nyumbang 50% kanggé pangembangan Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Anggaran&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63973/le-budget|title=''Budget 2013''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=22 April 2013|archive-date=23 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423155306/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63973/le-budget|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Budaya ==
[[Gambar:XDSC 7530-musee-d'Aquitaine-rosace-eglise-des-Carmes.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Satunggaling piranti kolèksi Musiyum d'Aquitaine Bordeaux.]]
Bordeaux kalebet salah satunggaling ''Kitha Budaya'' ing Prancis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Budaya&quot;/&gt; Wonten ing kitha punika kathah wangunan artistik lan kabudayan kang ndunungi ingkang inovatif.&lt;ref name=&quot;Budaya&quot;/&gt; [[Padunung]] Bordeaux ngembangaken budaya tepaselira, budaya sinau, lan dhémokratis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Budaya&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p82366/bordeaux-culture|title=''Bordeaux culture''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=22 April 2013|archive-date=23 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423214207/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p82366/bordeaux-culture|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Fasilitas budaya ing Bordeaux sampun sumebar ing sadaya wewengkon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Budaya2&quot;/&gt; Wangunan kanggé pagelaran budaya dipunyasa lan dipunrénovasi, kados wangunan [[Musiyum Natural History]], [[wangunan Municipal Archives]], aula Grand Park, tlaga, musiyum, [[téater]], pabukon lan adicara pagelaran budaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Budaya2&quot;/&gt; Kabudayan dados satunggaling bab minangka fondhasi kasugihan lan kwalitas pagesangan Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Budaya2&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=63866|title=''Culture ''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=22 April 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bordeaux minangka Kitha Budaya Warisan Donya ===
Tanggal [[28 Juni]] [[2007]], Badhan PBB kanggé Pendidikan, Ilmu Pengetahuan lan Kabudayan PBB ([[UNESCO]]) nglebetaken Bordeaux ing [[Situs warisan donya|Pratélan Situs Warisan Donya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Budaya3&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux gadhah manéka wewangunan kanthi [[arsitèktur]] [[klasik]] lan [[néoklasik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Budaya4&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.bordeaux2030.fr/bordeaux-unesco|title=''Bordeaux 2030'' |author=bordeaux2030.fr|year= |publisher=bordeaux2030.fr|access-date= 22 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kitha Bordeaux mlebet ing dhaftar punika sesarengan kaliyan 800 dhaftar sanèsipun saking saindhenging donya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Budaya3&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=63765|title=''Bordeaux, Unesco World Heritage''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=22 April 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Pamaréntahan ==
=== Walikutha lan Dhéwan Kitha Bordeaux ===
[[Gambar:Alain Juppé in Washington DC.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Alain Juppé]] Walikutha Bordeaux ([[19 Juni]] [[1995]] – [[13 Dhésèmber|13 Désémber]] [[2004]]).]]
Cacahipun wonten 61 anggota dhéwan Kitha Bordeaux, kapérang saking 30 [[wadon|èstri]] lan 31 [[lanang|kakung]] ingkang dipunpandhégani déning walikutha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha&quot;/&gt; Majelis dhéwan kitha punika ngawontenaken pepanggihan musyawarah sataun ngantos 11 pepanggihan kanggé ngrembag manéka warni agéndha Kitha Bordeaux kados ékonomi lan pambangunan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha&quot;/&gt; Pepanggihan dhéwan kitha dipunbiwaraken ing websité Kitha Bordeaux saéngga kang ndunungi saged mangertosi prosésipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p80992/le-maire-et-le-conseil-municipal|title=''Le Maire et le conseil municipal''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=22 April 2013|archive-date=23 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130423222655/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p80992/le-maire-et-le-conseil-municipal|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==== Walikutha Bordeaux ====
Walikutha Bordeaux dipunpilih déning Dhéwan Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha2&quot;/&gt; Walikutha gadhah rencana pambangunan Bordeaux kados: pangembangan lingkungan, kwalitas pagesangan kang ndunungi, proyék sosial, proyék perkithaan, lan agendha abad XXI.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha2&quot;/&gt; Walikutha minangka pangarsaning pamaréntah kitha, gadhah tanggel jawab mandhégani sadaya program ingkang sampun dipunrantam déning kaputusan Dhéwan Kitha Bordeaux, manajemen pambangunan, lan ndamel jadwal.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha2&quot;/&gt; Walikutha dados wakilipun kuthamadya ing nagara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha2&quot;/&gt; Walikutha gadhah tanggel jawab ngamanaken kitha, lan minangka simbol [[kang ndunungi]] Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha2&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=46675|title=''Le Maire''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=22 April 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
==== Dhéwan Kitha Bordeaux ====
Dhéwan Kitha Bordeaux gadhah tanggel jawab mendhet kaputusan ageng lan alit kanggé kamajengan Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha&quot;/&gt; Pepanggihan dhéwan salebetipun satunggal taun inggih punika sedasa pepanggihan, ingkang dipunpandhegani walikutha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha&quot;/&gt;
Pamilian anggota dhéwan dipuntindakaken enem taun sapisan kanthi cara pamilian umum langsung kalih puteran.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha3&quot;/&gt; Sasampunipun puteran kapisan, manawi calon anggota kapilih mayoritas swanten (swanten 50% + satunggal swanten), pikantuk 50% kursi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha3&quot;/&gt; Kursi turahan dipunbagékaken dhateng sadaya dhaftar (kalebet dhaftar mayoritas) ingkang pikantuk 5% swanten.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha3&quot;/&gt; Manawi sadaya punika boten katindakaken, badhé dipunlajengaken pamilian puteran kaping kalihipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha3&quot;/&gt; Kanggé puteran ingkang kaping kalih, namung dhaftar calon ingkang ing puteran kapisan pikantuk swanten 10% ingkang saged ndhèrèk.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha3&quot;/&gt; Pratélan calon ingkang pikantuk swanten 5%-10% saged nggabung kaliyan dhaftar calon ingkang pikantuk langkung saking 10%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha3&quot;/&gt; Pratélan calon ingkang menang ing puteran kaping kalih pikantuk kursi 50%, lan kursi turahan dipunbagekaken dhateng dhaftar sanèsipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Walikutha3&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=329|title=''Quelques repères''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=22 April 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Populasi ==
Tabel ing ngandhap nedahaken cacahing [[kang ndunungi]] Kitha Bordeaux taun [[1968]]-[[2007]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Populasi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.map-france.com/Bordeaux-33300/population-Bordeaux.html|title=''Population Bordeaux'' |author=map-france.com|year= |publisher=map-france.com|access-date= 15 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
|+ Populasi kang ndunungi Bordeaux taun [[1968]]-[[2007]]
|-
|
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''2007'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''1999'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''1990'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''1982'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''1975'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''1968'''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Cacahipun
| bgcolor=&quot;#B5EAAA&quot; | 235 178
| bgcolor=&quot;#B5EAAA&quot; | 215 374
| bgcolor=&quot;#B5EAAA&quot; | 210 336
| bgcolor=&quot;#B5EAAA&quot; | 208 159 
| bgcolor=&quot;#B5EAAA&quot; | 223 131
| bgcolor=&quot;#B5EAAA&quot; | 266 662
|}
* Ngéngingi dhistribusi kang ndunungi [[Lanang|jaler]] lan [[Wadon|èstri]] miturut umur ing Kitha Bordeaux dipunjlèntrèhaken ing ngandhap:&lt;ref name=&quot;Populasi&quot;/&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
|+ Dhistribusi kang ndunungi jaler lan èstri Kitha Bordeaux miturut umur ing taun [[2007]]
|-
|
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''0-14 taun'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''15-29 taun'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''30-44 taun'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''45-59 taun'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''60-74 taun'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''75-90 taun'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''≥ 90 taun'''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Cacahipun ([[lanang|jaler]])
| bgcolor=&quot;#EBDDE2&quot; | 16 398
| bgcolor=&quot;#EBDDE2&quot; | 34 193
| bgcolor=&quot;#EBDDE2&quot; | 25 425
| bgcolor=&quot;#EBDDE2&quot; | 17 988
| bgcolor=&quot;#EBDDE2&quot; | 9 713
| bgcolor=&quot;#EBDDE2&quot; | 5 782
| bgcolor=&quot;#EBDDE2&quot; | 414
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Cacahipun ([[Wadon|èstri]])
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 15 009
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 38 834
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 24 035
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 21 212
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 13 276
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 11 216
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 1 682
|}

* Ngéngingi angka kalairan lan angka tilar donya ing Kitha Bordeaux dipunjlèntrèhaken ing ngandhap:&lt;ref name=&quot;Populasi&quot;/&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;
|+ Angka kalairan lan tilar donya ing Kitha Bordeaux taun [[1999]]-[[2008]]
|-
|
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''2008'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''2007'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''2006'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''2005'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''2004'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''2003'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''2002'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''2001'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''2000'''
! scope=&quot;col&quot; | '''1999'''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Angka Lair 
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 2 936
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 3 035
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 3 053
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 2 904
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 2 884
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 2 885
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 2 880 
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 2 895
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 2 810
| bgcolor=&quot;#FCDFFF&quot; | 2 693
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | Angka Tilar Donya 
| bgcolor=&quot;#D2B9D3&quot; | 1 739
| bgcolor=&quot;#D2B9D3&quot; | 1 667
| bgcolor=&quot;#D2B9D3&quot; | 1 701
| bgcolor=&quot;#D2B9D3&quot; | 1 739 
| bgcolor=&quot;#D2B9D3&quot; | 1 673
| bgcolor=&quot;#D2B9D3&quot; | 1 915
| bgcolor=&quot;#D2B9D3&quot; | 1 931
| bgcolor=&quot;#D2B9D3&quot; | 1 854
| bgcolor=&quot;#D2B9D3&quot; | 1 853
| bgcolor=&quot;#D2B9D3&quot; | 1 929
|}

== Indhustri ==
Kitha Bordeaux dados salah satunggalipun kitha ing [[Prancis]] ingkang ngrembaka bab indhustrinipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi&quot;/&gt; Indhustri ing Bordeaux saged dipunpérang dados manéka indhustri:
[[Gambar:Bordeaux place de la bourse with tram.JPG|thumb|right|250px|Satunggalipun wangunan éndah ing Bordeaux]]

=== Indhustri Laser ===
Bordeaux mrodhuksi laser Megajoule ingkang dados laser ingkang paling kiyat ing donya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi2&quot;/&gt; [[Tèknologi]] punika ugi saya majeng kanthi wontenipun [[tèknologi]] [[Fisika plasma|plasma]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi2&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux ngembangaken prakawis parencanaan regional kanggé [[Optika|indhustri optik]] lan [[laser]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi2&quot;/&gt;

=== Indhustri Aéronautika ===
Wonten 20 000 cacahipun tiyang ingkang nyambut damel ing indhusri [[aéronautika]] ing Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi2&quot;/&gt; Kitha punika gadhah manéka perusahaan ageng kados perusahaan ''Dassault'', ''Sogerma'', ''Snecma'', ''Thales'', lan ''SNPE''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi2&quot;/&gt; Parusahaan kalawau ngasilaken [[montor mabur|montor miber]] / pesawat jèt, pesawat militèr Rafale lan Mirage 2000, kokpit A380, Ariane 5 lan rudal M51 SLBM.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi2&quot;/&gt;

=== Indhustri Pariwisata ===
Indhustri [[pariwisata]] kalebet indhustri ingkang tuwuh ngrembaka ing Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi2&quot;/&gt; Pamandangan Bordeaux ingkang éndah saéngga saged narik kawigaten para wisatawan saking manca supados tindak dhateng Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ékonomi2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bonjourlafrance.com/france-city/bordeaux-france/bordeaux-economy.htm|title=''France City-Bordeaux Economy'' |author=bonjourlafrance.com|year= |publisher=bonjourlafrance.com |access-date= 6 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Angkudan ==
[[Gambar:XDSC 7573-tramway-de-Bordeaux-ligne-C-place-des-Quinconces.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Transportasi]] [[Trèm]]]]
Kitha Bordeaux gadhah sistem [[transportasi]] umum ingkang modérn, kados transportasi [[bis]], [[trèm]], ing pujering kitha wonten bis listrik gratis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi1&quot;/&gt; Sistem transportasi Bordeaux dipuntandhangi satunggaling perusahaan transportasi internasional ingkang namanipun ''Connex''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi1&quot;/&gt; Transportasi trèm ing Bordeaux dipunwiwiti taun [[2003]] kanthi sistem [[tèknologi]] APS ingkang namung wonten ing Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi1&quot;/&gt;

=== Angkudan Bis lan Trèm ===
Jaringan transportasi bis lan trèm ing Bordeaux nglayani kabetahan transportasi ing sadaya wewengkon ing Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi1&quot;/&gt; Sedaya informasi ingkang dipunbetahaken kalebet péta saged dipun''download'' lan jadwal transportasi saged dipuntingali ing ''website''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi1&quot;/&gt; Transportasi bis ingkang limrah ing Bordeaux aktif ngantos tabuh setengah sedasa dalu, sasampunipun punika wonten bis 'Reseau Bus Soir' (jaringan bis dalu).&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi1&quot;/&gt; Transportasi bis lan trèm ugi gadhah ruté dhateng [[Stasiun Sepur]] Saint Jean ing Bordeaux lan [[Papan Anggegana Bordeaux–Mérignac]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bonjourlafrance.com/france-trains/stations/bordeaux-train-station.htm|title=''Bordeaux TGV station'' |author=bonjourlafrance.com|year= |publisher=bonjourlafrance.com |access-date= 7 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Gambar:Station-V3-Bordeaux.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Transportasi [[pit]] ing Kitha Bordeaux]]

=== Angkudan Dirgantara ===
Papan Anggegana Bordeaux–Mérignac tebihipun 10 [[kilomèter]] (watawis 6 [[mil]]) saking punjering kitha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.concierge.com/travelguide/bordeaux/factsheet|title=''Bordeaux'' |author=concierge.com|year= |publisher=concierge.com |access-date= 7 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Papan Anggegana punika ugi saged nyambungaken papan anggegana dhateng [[Stasiun Saint Jean Bordeaux]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g187079-s303/Bordeaux:France:Public.Transportation.html|title=''Bordeaux: Public Transportation'' |author=tripadvisor|year= |publisher=tripadvisor.com |access-date= 7 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Papan Anggegana Bordeaux-Merignac nyumadyaaken langkung saking 140 jadwal penerbangan saben dintenipun saking Prancis dhateng mancanegari.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi2&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.housetrip.com/fr/bordeaux|title=''Locations de vacances à Bordeaux''|author=housetrip.com|year=|publisher=housetrip.com|access-date=8 April 2013|archive-date=26 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426103508/http://www.housetrip.com/fr/bordeaux|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Angkudan Pit ===
Pamaréntah Bordeaux wiwit [[Juni]] [[2011]] ngawiti ngginakaken transportasi [[pit]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi Pit&quot;/&gt; Sampun dipunsumadyakaken 1.545 pit ingkang wonten ing 139 manéka panggénan ing Bordeaux, saking 139 panggénan punika 99 manggén ing jantung Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi Pit&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux sampun netepaken dinten minggu kapisan saben wulanipun minangka dinten bébas [[mobil]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Transportasi Pit&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/LinkResolverServlet?classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=1272|title=''Dimanche à Bordeaux sans voiture''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=22 April 2013|archive-date=7 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207154913/http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/LinkResolverServlet?classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=1272|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rencana Kitha Bordeaux ==
=== Kitha Modérn ===
[[Gambar:Quartiers Bordeaux Avant 2008-3.png|thumb|200px|right|Wewengkon ing Bordeaux]]
Wewengkon Kitha Bordeaux dipundunungi 235.891 kang ndunungi (sénsus [[2008]]), 239.157 kang ndunungi (sénsus [[2010]]) kanthi kepadhetan 4.845 saben [[Kilomèter pesagi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha3&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://prezi.com/vpqqyxvlgkym/untitled-prezi/|title=''Démographie Bordealis/Bordeeaux'' |author=prezi.com|year= |publisher=prezi.com |access-date= 8 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Manawi dipun-gabungaken kaliyan kang ndunungi sadaya wewengkon Bordeaux cacahipun langkung saking satunggal yuta kang ndunungi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha2&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux dados kitha nomer sanga ing Prancis ing babagan populasi kang ndunungi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha2&quot;/&gt; Kitha punika ugi misuwur amargi kebon-kebon anggur, mliginipun awit abad angka 18 ingkang dados wekdal kaemasan.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha2&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.dissertationsgratuites.com/dissertations/Bordeaux/167765.html|title=''Bordeaux''|author=dissertationsgratuites.com|year=|publisher=dissertationsgratuites.com|access-date=8 April 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kitha Bordeaux dipunpérang dados wolung wengkon, inggih punika:
* ''La Bastide'',
* ''Bordeaux Maritime'',
* ''Grand Park-Paul Doumer'',
* ''Centre'',
* ''Caudéran'',
* ''Victor Hugo-St Augustine St Augustin'',
* ''St-Michel-Nansouty-St Genesius'',
* ''Bordeaux Sud''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/images/ebx/fr/presentationStandard/63938/8/groupePave/85324/pave/160561/imageSpec/256651/image/Bordeaux_quartiers_2013.gif%26title%3D%5B2%5D|title=''Bordeaux les Quartiers''|author=Archieve.wikiwix.com|year=|publisher=Archieve.wikiwix.com|access-date=8 April 2013|archive-date=8 April 2013|archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20130408043534/http://www.bordeaux.fr/images/ebx/fr/presentationStandard/63938/8/groupePave/85324/pave/160561/imageSpec/256651/image/Bordeaux_quartiers_2013.gif|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kitha Kina Bordeaux ===
[[Gambar:chartronbdxjulbzh.JPG|thumb|Margi ing Notre-Dame Bordeaux]]
Kitha Bordeaux saged dipunpérang dados tigang wewengkon utami: jantung kitha kina, pinggir kitha kina lan wewengkon njawi kitha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kutha Kina&quot;/&gt; Kitha kina Bordeaux punika tilaranipun abad parotengah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kutha Kina&quot;/&gt; Kitha kina Bordeaux dipunwatesi [[Lèpèn Garonne]], lan ing sisih [[kulon|kilèn]] dipunwatesi témbok kina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kutha Kina&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.venirabordeaux.com/Quartiers-et-peripherie,85|title=''Quartiers et péripherie Bordeaux: ses quartiers, sa périphérie: présentation générale''|author=Alexandre Hiélard|year=|publisher=venirabordeaux.com|access-date=8 April 2013|archive-date=22 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122093719/http://www.venirabordeaux.com/Quartiers-et-peripherie,85|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kitha kina (utawi kitha ''tuwa'' (sepuh)) wonten kathah sumebar ing Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kutha Kina2&quot;/&gt; Ingkang kalebet kitha kina ing Bordeaux inggih punika: Verdum, Gambetta, Albert, Aristide Briand, Victory Square, lan Marne.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kutha Kina2&quot;/&gt; Ing sisih [[wétan]] kutha kina dipunwatesi Lèpèn Garonne.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kutha Kina2&quot;/&gt; Wonten kalih margi utami ingkang wonten ing kitha kina punika; margi St Catherine ingkang rutenipun saking [[lor|lèr]] dhateng [[kidul]], ugi wonten brug ingkang medhot kitha kina saking [[kulon|kilèn]] dhateng [[wétan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kutha Kina2&quot;/&gt; Margi Saint Catherine ingkang panjangipun langkung saking 1300 [[mèter]], gadhah rute ''Place de la Comedie'' (''Grand Theatre'') lan gedhong ''Victory Square'', ugi dhateng [[Universitas Bordeaux]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kutha Kina2&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.voyagesvoyages.net/article-bordeaux-la-vieille-ville-109123633.html|title=''Bordeaux-La vieille ville ''|author=voyagesvoyages.net|year=|publisher=voyagesvoyages.net|access-date=8 April 2013|archive-date=5 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130405073429/http://www.voyagesvoyages.net/article-bordeaux-la-vieille-ville-109123633.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pinggiring Kitha Kina ===
[[Gambar:Bordeaux Meriadeck.JPG|thumb|200px|Pinggiring Kitha Meriadeck, Bordeaux]]
Ing babagan parencanaan kitha, Bordeaux ugi nandhangi lan ngatur pinggiring kitha kina Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha Kina&quot;/&gt; Ing sisih lèr, [[kali|lèpèn]] [[Kali Garrone ing Métz|Garrone]], kalebet wewengkon Grand Park lan [[Chartons]] ingkang dados papan sadéan [[anggur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha Kina&quot;/&gt; Wewengkon Chartrons jumeneng taun [[1381]], kitha punika sampun kasambungaken dhateng kitha kanthi [[dalan|margi]] Xavier Arnozan (mligi kanggé tiyang mlampah) lan margi ageng Cours de Verdun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha Kina&quot;/&gt; Ing Chartrons kathah wangunan lan [[taman]] kitha tilaran [[Louis XV]] lan [[Louis XVI]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha Kina&quot;/&gt; Wewengkon punika dipunrénovasi déning pamaréntahan Bordeaux kanthi yasa [[plabuhan]] lan dipuntambahi ril [[trèm]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha Kina&quot;/&gt;

Wewengkon [[Parc Grand]], [[lor|lèripun]] [[Saint-Seurin]] dipunyasa kanthi proyék [[omah|griya-griya]] ''real estate''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha Kina&quot;/&gt; Wewengkon Saint-Seurin gadhah wangunan [[Basilika Saint-Seurin]], dumunung ing [[Northwest Gallien]] dipunyasa ing sacaketing pura.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha Kina&quot;/&gt; Wewengkon Saint-Seurin lan Chartrons dipundunungi kathah [[konsulat]] utawi utusan saking mancanegari.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha Kina&quot;/&gt; Ing wewengkon [[kulon|kilèn]] wonten wewengkon [[Mériadeck]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha Kina&quot;/&gt; Wewengkon punika ugi dipunnamini déning [[Pangéran Rohan]], [[Ferdinand Maximilian Mériadec]], [[Biskop]] Agung Bordeaux ingkang yasa wewengkon punika taun [[1771]] (ingkang ing [[1835]] dados balai kitha).&lt;ref name=&quot;Rencana Kutha Kina&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://universalis.forumactif.fr/t1281-la-ville-de-l-ouest-ou-il-fait-bon-vivre-bordeaux|title='' la ville de l'Ouest où il fait bon vivre: Bordeaux!'' |author=universalis.forumactif.fr|year= |publisher=universalis.forumactif.fr |access-date= 8 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Gambar:Cité administrative de Bordeaux.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Kitha Bordeaux.]]
=== Rencana Bordeaux Abad XXI ===
Kitha Bordeaux dipunrencanakaken dados salah satunggaling kitha ageng [[Éropa]] ing abad XXI.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bordeaux Abad XXI&quot;/&gt; Rencananipun badhé dipundamel margi TGV rute [[Paris]]-Bordeaux saéngga langkung rikat jarak tempuhipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bordeaux Abad XXI&quot;/&gt; Wonten malih satunggaling prakawis kanggé ngatur wewengkon [[Saint John]] ing punjering Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bordeaux Abad XXI&quot;/&gt; Perkawis proyék kasebat dipunsebat '''Bordeaux Euratlantique''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bordeaux Abad XXI&quot;/&gt;
Rencana sanès kados yasa malih [[stasiun sepur]], damel kitha énggal ing salebetipun Bordeaux, ingkang wiyaripun 738 [[hèktar]], ingkang kapérang saking 386 hèktar ing Bordeaux, Begles (217 hèktar), lan Floirac (135 hèktar).&lt;ref name=&quot;Bordeaux Abad XXI&quot;/&gt; Pangembangan proyek kanggé ngembangaken Bordeaux mbetahaken investasi ingkang kathah, saéngga proyek punika kalebet kapentingan nasional nagara Prancis sesarengan kaliyan pamaréntah laladan Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bordeaux Abad XXI&quot;/&gt; Rencananipun ing taun 2030, Kitha Bordeaux badhé dipunrantam minangka kitha bisnis internasional.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bordeaux Abad XXI&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.lemoniteur.fr/133-amenagement/article/actualite/691003-l-operation-d-interet-national-bordeaux-euratlantique-est-creee|title=''L’Opération d’Intérêt National Bordeaux-Euratlantique est créée''|author=lemoniteur.fr|year=|publisher=lemoniteur.fr|access-date=22 April 2013|archive-date=19 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519124133/http://www.lemoniteur.fr/133-amenagement/article/actualite/691003-l-operation-d-interet-national-bordeaux-euratlantique-est-creee|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bordeaux minangka Kitha Digital ===
Kitha Bordeaux dipunrencanakaken dados kitha [[digital]] ing taun [[2030]], ingkang ancasipun supados sadaya wargi ngginakaken tèknologi digital.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitha Digital&quot;/&gt; [[Tèknologi]] [[digital]] punika kanggé nggampilaken manéka aktivitas wargi Bordeaux, kados ing babagan: panyebaran pawartos/info saking pamaréntah, nepangaken ''e-goverment'', budaya, pendidikan, kaamanan, kasarasan, lan layanan masarakat sanèsipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitha Digital&quot;/&gt; Strategi kitha digital punika gadhah ancas mromosikaken lan minggahaken pangembangan bisnis digital, panyebaran pawartos pambangunan Bordeaux kanthi médhia digital.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitha Digital&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=83250|title=''La stratégie digitale de la ville''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=24 April 2013|archive-date=8 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508160304/http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=83250|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{clear}}

== Prakawis Pambangunan ==
[[Gambar:GaronneBordeaux.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Lèpèn Garonne, Bordeaux.]]
[[Gambar:Bouteilles Bordeaux.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Anggur (ombèn-ombèn)|Unjukan anggur]] saking Bordeaux.]]
[[Gambar:DSC 7833-Gare-de-Bordeaux.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Stasiun Saint Jean, Bordeaux.]]
=== Pangembangan Lèpèn Garonne ===
Kitha Bordeaux gadhah agedha kanggé ngembangaken wewengkon [[Kali Garonne|Lèpèn Garonne]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Lèpèn&quot;/&gt; Lèpèn Garrone punika salah satunggalipun lèpèn ingkang mili ing Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lèpèn&quot;/&gt; Rencananipun lèpèn kasebat badhé dipunkembangaken supados saged dipun-ginakaken kanggé manéka kegiyatan [[ékonomi]], [[budaya]], festival, lan acara sanès saéngga saged majengaken ékonomi Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lèpèn&quot;/&gt; Rencana pangembangan punika dipuntepangaken déning walikutha Bordeaux dhateng ''pers'' tanggal [[11 Maret]] [[2013]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Lèpèn&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=83175|title=''Un schéma d'aménagement pour le fleuve''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=24 April 2013|archive-date=25 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425125608/http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=83175|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pambangunan Stadhion ===
Bordeaux gadhah [[Stadion Chaban Delmas]] ingkang dipunyasa taun [[1938]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Stadhion&quot;/&gt; Rencananipun stadhion punika badhé dipunyasa malih amargi badhé dipun-ginakaken ing [[Piala Éropa 2016]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Stadhion&quot;/&gt; Proyek pambangunan punika dipunpandhegani [[arsitèk]] Herzog De Meuron, dipunrancang awujud prisma kados piramida lan dipunjangkepi nganggé piranti canggih sanèsipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stadhion&quot;/&gt; Pambangunan stadhion punika sampun njangkepi prasyaratan kaamanan, aksés warga dhateng stadhion, kanyamanan pamirsa, juru main bal, lan médhia massa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stadhion&quot;/&gt; Kanthi 43.000 kursi, stadion énggal punika dipunrantam saged paring raos mbetahaken kanggé pamirsa, pemain, kalebet pamirsa ingkang cacat.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stadhion&quot;/&gt; Stadion Chaban Delmas ugi dipunjangkepi 3000 kursi klas bisnis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stadhion&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=54031|title=''Nouveau stade de Bordeaux''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=24 April 2013|archive-date=12 August 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812174812/http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=54031|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pangembangan Kitha Anggur ===
Pangembangan Bordeaux minangka kitha anggur gadhah ancas tujuan ndadosaken Bordeaux minangka simbol pengasil [[anggur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitha Anggur&quot;/&gt; Awit saking ancas tujuan kasebat Kitha Bordeaux damel wangunan pusat anggur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitha Anggur&quot;/&gt; Wangunan punika dipunyasa kanthi [[arsitèktur]] modhèren lan manggén ing sapinggiring Lèpèn Garrone.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitha Anggur&quot;/&gt; Pambangunan lan pangembangan Bordeaux minangka kitha anggur ugi gadhah ancas majengaken ékonomi Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kitha Anggur&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=47144|title=''Cité des civilisations du vin''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=24 April 2013|archive-date=25 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425141446/http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=47144|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Pambangunan Stasiun ===
Kangge ngadhepi manéka masalah transportasi, Bordeaux badhé yasa stasiun énggal.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stasiun&quot;/&gt; Rencananipun ing taun [[2017]], lalu lintas [[Stasiun Saint Jean Bordeaux]] saya padhet, kanthi 11-18 yuta pelancong.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stasiun&quot;/&gt; Awit saking punika Bordeaux badhé yasa Stasiun Saint Jean punika supados saged ngamot para panumpang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stasiun&quot;/&gt; Proyék pambangunan stasiun punika kapérang saking tigang wangunan lan lapangan énggal.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stasiun&quot;/&gt; Wangunan utami kapérang saking gedhong énggal kanthi layanan bisnis kanggé para wisatawan, sarta dipunjangkepi panggénan parkir lan taman [[pit]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Stasiun&quot;/&gt; Proyék pambangunan stasiun punika ugi nyumadyakaken sumber énergi énggal, kados énergi [[srengéngé]], panas bumi, lan toya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stasiun&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=77503|title=''Extension de la gare Saint Jean''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=24 April 2013|archive-date=25 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130425090018/http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=77503|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

== Ulah raga ==
[[Gambar:Girondins de Bordeaux Centenary tournament trophy.jpg|thumb|150px|right|Satunggaling bebingah kompetisi rugbi ing Prancis.]]
Ing Bordeaux wonten kalih tim [[ulah raga]] profésional, ingih punika ''The Girondins de Bordeaux'', satunggalipun tim [[bal-balan]] ingkang mlebet ing kompetisi [[Ligue 1 Prancis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ulah raga&quot;/&gt; Girondins de Bordeaux pungkasan mimpang Liga Prancis ing mangsa [[2009]]-10 nalika dipandhégani déning juru latih [[Laurent Blanc]]. Wonten ugi tim ulah raga [[rugbi]] ''Bordelais Stade'' lan ''Union Bordeaux Bègles'' ingkang mlebet ing Kompetisi Kajuwaran Rugbi Prancis Ligue 2.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ulah raga&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ulah raga2&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.ubbrugby.com/|title=''Union Bordeaux Bègless'' |author=ubbrugby.comm|year= |publisher=ubbrugby.com |access-date= 9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Tim ulah raga rugbi ''The Girodins de Bordeaux'' gadhah sajarah ingkang panjang ing wewengkon Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ulah raga&quot;/&gt; Tim punika dipundamel ing taun [[1881]] lan sampun naté menang ing Ligue Prancis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ulah raga&quot;/&gt; Tim bal-balan punika ugi gadhah stadhion ingkang dipunsebat ''Stade Chaban Delmas'' ingkang kamot 30.000 tiyang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ulah raga&quot;/&gt; Éwadéné tim ulah raga rugbi Bordeaux ''Bordelais Stade'' ugi sampun naté menang ing kompetisi rugbi ing [[Éropa]] lan [[Kanadha]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ulah raga&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g187079-s406/Bordeaux:France:Sports.And.Activities.html|title=''Bordeaux: Sports &amp; Activities'' |author=tripadvisor.com|year= |publisher=tripadvisor.com |access-date= 9 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* Tabél klub ulah raga Bordeaux
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!Klub Ulah raga
!Jinis Ulah raga
!Divisi
!Stadhion
!Taun
!Jawara
|-
|[[FC Girondins de Bordeaux]]
|[[Bal-balan]]
|[[Ligue 1]]
|[[Stadhion Chaban-Delmas]]
|[[1881]]
|6
|-
|[[Union Bordeaux-Bègles]]
|[[Rugby à XV]]
|Top 14
| [[Stadhion André-Moga]] lan [[Stadhion Jacques-Chaban-Delmas|Stadhion Chaban-Delmas]]
|[[2006]]
|9
|-
|[[Jeunes de Saint-Augustin Bordeaux Basket|JSA Bordeaux Basket]]&lt;ref name=&quot;JSA&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.sudouest.fr/sport/jsa-bordeaux/|title=''JSA Bordeaux'' |author=sudouest.fr|year= |publisher=sudouest.fr|access-date= 23 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[Basket|Baskét]]
|Pro B
|[[Salle Jean-Dauguet]]
|[[1938]]
|0
|}
Kanggé ngembangaken ulah raga, Kitha Bordeaux kanthi pambiyantunipun klub lan asosiasi ulah raga gadhah kabijakan kados:
* Damel fasilitas ulah raga kanggé 220 asosiasi ulah raga lan 86 cabang ulah raga;
* Mromosikaken ulah raga profésional ing sekolah lan [[Pendhidhikan dhuwur|pawiyatan luhur]];
* Damel lan njagi fasilitas ulah raga, Kitha Bordeaux gadhah 47 papan ulah raga katutup, 4 bèji indoor, 222 papan ulah raga ing njawi gedhong.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ulah raga3&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63960/sports-et-loisirs|title=''Le sport à Bordeaux''|author=www.bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=www.bordeaux.fr|access-date=9 April 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kanggé ngadhepi Kajuwaraan [[Éropa]] [[Piala Éropa 2016]], ing Kitha Bordeaux dipunyasa stadhion bal kanthi kapasitas 43.500 papan palenggahan lan dipunrancang déning [[arsitèk]] [[Herzog]] lan [[de Meuron]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ulah raga3&quot;/&gt; Pambangunan stadhion punika gadhah pikajeng kanggé kamajenganipun ulah raga Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ulah raga3&quot;/&gt;
[[Gambar:Panorama Chaban-Delmas.jpg|thumb|center|upright=2.5|Stadhion Chaban-Delmas, Bordeaux.]]

== Pendidikan ==
Ing Kitha Bordeaux wonten [[Universitas Bordeaux]] sampun wonten ing Kitha Bordeaux wiwit taun [[1441]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Pendidikan&quot;/&gt; Kitha Bordeaux ugi gadhah manéka institusi pendidikan / pawiyatan luhur lan sekolah bisnis, basa, lan ngèlmu babagan [[anggur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Pendidikan&quot;/&gt; Bordeaux narik kawigaten tiyang [[Éropa]] lan para winasis (ahli) internasional ingkang badhé nyinaoni basa lan budaya Prancis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pendidikan&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.mydestination.com/bordeaux/services/37834/education|title=''Bordeaux Education''|author=mydestination.com|year=|publisher=mydestination.com|access-date=13 April 2013|archive-date=15 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015022554/http://www.mydestination.com/bordeaux/services/37834/education|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Gambar:Universite Bordeaux 2-Victoire.JPG|thumb|200px|left|Universitas Bordeaux 2]]
[[Gambar:Ijba iut montaigne bordeaux.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Universitas IUT Michel de Montaigne]]
=== Universitas ===
Ing Kitha Bordeaux jumeneng manéka [[universitas]] kados:
* Universitas Bordeaux I.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pendidikan1&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.univ-bordeaux.fr/|title=''Bienvenue à l'Université de Bordeaux''|author=univ-bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=univ-bordeaux.fr|access-date=13 April 2013|archive-date=20 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130420064411/http://www.univ-bordeaux.fr/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pendidikan4&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.u-bordeaux1.fr/|title=''UniversitéBordeaux''|author=u-bordeaux1.fr|year=|publisher=u-bordeaux1.fr|access-date=13 April 2013|archive-date=19 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070819234526/http://www.u-bordeaux1.fr/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Universitas Victor Segalen Bordeaux utawi Universitas Bordeaux 2.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pendidikan5&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/Institution.jsp?param=Victor%20Segalen%20Bordeaux%202%20University|title=''Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 University''|author=shanghairanking.com|year=|publisher=shanghairanking.com|access-date=13 April 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Universitas IUT Michel de Montaigne utawi Universitas Bordeaux 3.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pendidikan2&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.iut.u-bordeaux3.fr/|title=''ut.u-bordeaux3'' |author=Institut Universitaire de Technologie Michel de Montaigne|year= |publisher=iut.u-bordeaux3.fr|access-date= 13 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Universitas Montesquieu utawi Universitas Bordeaux 4.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pendidikan3&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.u-bordeaux4.fr/universite/|title=''Bienvenue à l'Université''|author=Rejoignez la communauté|year=|publisher=u-bordeaux4.fr|access-date=13 April 2013|archive-date=7 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007020650/http://www.u-bordeaux4.fr/Universite|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Sekolah ===
Ing Kitha Bordeaux jumeneng manéka [[sekolah]] kados:
* Sekolah Internasional Bordeaux, ing [[dalan|margi]] Judaique Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sekolah&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.bordeaux-school.com/|title=''Bordeaux International School'' |author=bordeaux-school.com |year= |publisher=bordeaux-school.com|access-date= 13 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sekolah Kimia lan Fisika ENSCPB (''École nationale supérieure de chimie et physique de Bordeaux'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Sekolah4&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.university-directory.eu/France/Ecole-nationale-superieure-de-chimie-et-de-physique-de-Bordeaux-ENSCPB.html#.UWjmL6LwboI|title=''École nationale supérieure de chimie et de physique de Bordeaux '' |author= |year= |publisher=university-directory.eu|access-date= 13 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sekolah Bisnis ''INSEEC Business School'', Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;INSEEC&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.inseec.com/ecole-de-commerce-inseec-business-school.cfm|title=''INSEEC Business Schools''|author=inseec.com|year=|publisher=inseec.com|access-date=14 April 2013|archive-date=15 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515024349/http://www.inseec.com/ecole-de-commerce-inseec-business-school.cfm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sekolah Bisnis ''KEDGE Business Schools'', Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;KEDGE&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bem.edu/en|title=''KEDGE Business Schools''|author=bem.edu|year=|publisher=bem.edu|access-date=14 April 2013|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719142335/http://www.bem.edu/en|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sekolah ''ISEG Finance School'', Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;ISEGskolahan&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://fs.iseg.fr/bordeaux/|title=''ISEG Finance School Bordeaux''|author=fs.iseg.fr|year=|publisher=fs.iseg.fr|access-date=14 April 2013|archive-date=2 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302022944/http://fs.iseg.fr/bordeaux/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sekolah Manajemèn lan marketing ''ISEFAC Bachelor'', Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;ISEFAC&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.initial-isefac.com/|title=''École du Management, du Marketing et de la Communication en 3 ans après Bac'' |author=initial-isefac.com |year= |publisher=initial-isefac.com|access-date= 14 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sekolah bisnis ''European Bordeaux Business School'', Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;European&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.sudouestjob.com/ebbs/|title=''EBBS''|author=sudouestjob.com|year=|publisher=sudouestjob.com|access-date=14 April 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Institut Politeknik ENSC (École Nationale Supérieure de Cognitique) Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sekolah2&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.archimede-groupe.org/?rubrique=ecoles&amp;ecole=38|title=''ENSC Bordeaux''|author=archimede-groupe.org|year=|publisher=archimede-groupe.org|access-date=13 April 2013|archive-date=22 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222172757/http://www.archimede-groupe.org/?rubrique=ecoles&amp;ecole=38|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Institut De Cognitique, Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sekolah3&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.quora.com/Institut-De-Cognitique-Bordeaux|title=''Institut De Cognitique, Bordeaux'' |author=quora.com |year= |publisher=quora.com|access-date= 13 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Papan Wisata ==
[[Gambar:Bordeaux Pont de Pierre.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Kreteg ''Pont de Pierre'' Bordeaux]]
* Wangunan [[Téater]]-[[Opera]] Nasional Bordeaux utawi [[Grand Theatre-Opera National de Bordeaux]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata2&quot;/&gt; Déning tiyang Bordeaux, wangunan punika dipunanggep minangka jantung Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata2&quot;/&gt; Wangunan punika dipunyasa kanthi [[arsitèktur]] lan modhél interior ingkang saé lan dipun-ginakaken kangé pagelaran klas donya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g187079-d219111-Reviews-Grand_Theatre_Opera_National_de_Bordeaux-Bordeaux_Gironde_Aquitaine.html|title=''Grand Theatre-Opera National de Bordeaux '' |author=tripadvisor.com |year= |publisher=tripadvisor.com|access-date= 14 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dipunwangun déning [[arsitèk]] [[Victor Louis]] kanthi paréntah saking [[gubernur]] Aquitaine, [[Conte de Richileu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Teater&quot;/&gt; Sasampunipun dipunyasa gedhong punika dipunbikak [[7 April]] [[1780]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Teater&quot;/&gt; Wangunan punika naté risak wekdal [[Révolusi Prancis]], dipunleresaken malih ing taun [[1799]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Teater&quot;/&gt; Taun [[1837]] wangunan punika dipuntambahi 700 kursi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Teater&quot;/&gt; Taun [[1853]] dipunrénovasi malih déning [[Burget]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Teater&quot;/&gt; Gedhung punika dipunanggé dados parlemèn Prancis wekdal prastawa [[Pangepungan Paris]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Teater&quot;/&gt; Awit saking kadadosan punika wangunan punika dipundadosaken situs proklamasi [[Républik]] [[Prancis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Teater&quot;/&gt; Taun [[1919]], [[1938]], [[1977]] dipunrénovasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Teater&quot;/&gt; [[1990]]-[[1992]] dipunrénovasi déning [[Bernard Fanquernie]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Teater&quot;/&gt; Dipunbikak malih taun [[1992]] kanthi adicara konsér [[Mozart]] kanthi irah-irahan &quot;Die Zauberflöte&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Teater&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.andreas-praefcke.de/carthalia/france/f_bordeaux_grandtheatre.htm|title=''Bordeaux: Grand Théâtre'' |author=andreas-praefcke.de|year= |publisher=andreas-praefcke.de|access-date= 23 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Katedral Saint Andre]] utawi ''Cathedrale Saint-Andre'', satunggaling wangunan ingkang dipunyasa akir abad 11 lan dados salah satunggalipun tetenger Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Andre2&quot;&gt;{{es}}{{cite web|url=http://es.cityguide.diamscity.com/guia-francia/catedral-san-andres-burdeos,cityguide,103000000X001XesX5V12697.html|title=''Catedral San-Andrés-Burdeos''|author=es.cityguide.diamscity.com|year=|publisher=es.cityguide.diamscity.com|access-date=23 April 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Basilika Saint Andre&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g187079-d219045-Reviews-St_Andre_Cathedral_Cathedrale_Saint_Andre-Bordeaux_Gironde_Aquitaine.html|title=''St. Andre Cathedral (Cathedrale Saint-Andre) '' |author=tripadvisor.com |year= |publisher=tripadvisor.com|access-date= 14 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Katedral punika dipunyasa kanthi gaya [[Romawi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Andre&quot;/&gt; Katedral Saint Andre mlebet situs warisan donya [[UNESCO]] taun [[1998]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Andre&quot;&gt;{{es}}{{cite web |url=http://aquitaine.costasur.com/es/catedral-de-san-andres.html|title=''Catedral de San Andrés Burdeos Aquitania Francia'' |author=aquitaine.costasur.com|year= |publisher=aquitaine.costasur.com|access-date= 23 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Porte Cailhau]], wangunan ingkang wonten ing alun-alun Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cailhau&quot;/&gt; Ing sangajengipun wonten [[reca]] [[Charles VIII saking Prancis|Raja Charles VIII]], dipunyasa kanggé ngajeni panjenenganipun amargi menang ing paprangan mengsah [[Italia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Cailhau&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://monumentsdebordeaux.com/porte-cailhau.htm|title=''Porte Cailhau''|author=monumentsdebordeaux.com|year=|publisher=monumentsdebordeaux.com|access-date=23 April 2013|archive-date=10 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510083745/http://monumentsdebordeaux.com/porte-cailhau.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cailhau2&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux-tourisme.com/pl/visites.pl?lg=fr&amp;id=27|title=''VISITE DE MONUMENT: Porte Cailhau ''|author=bordeaux-tourisme.com|year=|publisher=bordeaux-tourisme.com|access-date=23 April 2013|archive-date=1 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501060704/http://www.bordeaux-tourisme.com/pl/visites.pl?lg=fr&amp;id=27|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Grosse Cloche de Bordeaux]] utawi wangunan Saint-Elo, dipunyasa ing abad 15 ing Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata2&quot;/&gt; Grosse Cloche de Bordeaux kalebet salah satunggalipun tetenger Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grossee&quot;/&gt; Wangunan punika dipunyasa ing abad 15.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grossee&quot;/&gt; Kapérang saking kalih menara ingkang dipunjangkepi jam bél ageng.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grossee&quot;/&gt; Piranti jam ingkang dipunpasang taun [[1759]] punika kalebet jinis jam astronomi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grossee&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.caruso33.net/bordeaux-grosse-cloche.html|title=''La Grosse Cloche'' |author=caruso33.net |year= |publisher=caruso33.net|access-date= 23 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Gréja Notre dame Bordeaux]] utawi gréja Église Notre Dame la Grande, satunggaling wangunan [[gréja]] ing Bordeaux ingkang dipunyasa ing abad-11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Grèja&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g187079-d219049-Reviews-Notre_Dame_Church_Eglise_Notre_Dame_la_Grande-Bordeaux_Gironde_Aquitaine.html|title=''Notre Dame Church (Église Notre Dame la Grande) '' |author=tripadvisor.com |year= |publisher=tripadvisor.com|access-date= 14 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Basilika Saint Michel Bordeaux]], salah satunggaling ''landmark''/tetenger utami Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Basilika Saint Michel&quot;/&gt; Menara wangunan punika panjangipun 114 mèter lan dipunyasa ing abad 15.&lt;ref name=&quot;Basilika Saint Michel&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=207639|title=''Saint Michel Basilica &lt;nowiki&gt;|&lt;/nowiki&gt; Bordeaux, France'' |author=skyscrapercity.com |year= |publisher=skyscrapercity.com|access-date= 14 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Kreteg Pont de Pierre]] Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kreteg&quot;/&gt; Satunggalipun [[monumèn]] ing Bordeaux ingkang dipunyasa taun [[1817]] déning [[insinyur]] [[Claude Descamps]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kreteg&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&amp;FIELD_1=REF&amp;VALUE_1=PA33000067|title=''Pont dit Pont de Pierre'' |author=culture.gouv.fr|year= |publisher=culture.gouv.fr|access-date= 14 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Monumén Girondins]], mapan ing Quinconces, caket kaliyan [[Grand Theatre-Opera National de Bordeaux|Grand Theatre]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Monumén Girondins2&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.33-bordeaux.com/monument-girondins.htm|title=''Le monument aux Girondins et à la République Bordeaux l'ensemble des Girondins'' |author=33-bordeaux.com|year= |publisher=33-bordeaux.com|access-date= 24 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;, inggih punika satunggaling monumén ing Bordeaux ingkang dipunyasa taun [[1895]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Monumén Girondins&quot;/&gt; Monumén kanthi inggil 43 mèter punika dipunrancang déning Dumilâtre Kaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Monumén Girondins&quot;/&gt; Taun [[2002]] pamaréntah ndamel peraturan ingkang isinipun ngayomi lan njagi monumén Girondins.&lt;ref name=&quot;Monumén Girondins&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/LinkResolverServlet?classofcontent=lieu&amp;id=961|title=''Place des Quinconces''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=24 April 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== Musiyum ===
* [[Musiyum des Beaux-Arts]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Beaux-Arts&quot;/&gt; Musiyum [[kagunan]] punika dipunyasa taun [[1801]] ing Kitha Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Beaux-Arts&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/france/southwestern-france/bordeaux/sights/gallery/musee-beaux-arts|title=''Musée des Beaux-Arts'' |author=lonelyplanet.co|year= |publisher=lonelyplanet.co|access-date= 14 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Musiyum Aquitaine Bordeaux]], satunggaling musiyum sajarah ing Bordeaux ingkang kolèksinipun piranti [[prasajarah]] ngantos piranti wekdal sapunika, koleksi [[arkéologi]], sajarah, lan [[Etnografi|ètnografi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Aquitaine Bordeaux&quot;/&gt; Pangunjung musiyum punika kirang langkung 150.000 ing saben taunipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aquitaine Bordeaux&quot;/&gt; Ing musiyum punika dipunwontenaken manéka acara kados paméran sajarah lan budaya donya, dhiskusi panél, lokakarya pendidikan, lan muter filem.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aquitaine Bordeaux&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/ebx/pgPresStand8.psml?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=pgPresStand8&amp;classofcontent=presentationStandard&amp;id=63908|title=''Musée d'Aquitaine''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=24 April 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[Museum|Musiyum]] Sajarah Alam utawi [[Musiyum d'Histoire Naturelle Bordeaux]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Naturelle&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63912|title=''Musiyum d'Histoire naturelle''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=14 April 2013}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Satunggaling musiyum sajarah alam ingkang kapisan ing Prancis dipunyasa taun [[1862]].&lt;ref name=&quot;d'Histoire&quot;/&gt; Gadhah manéka kolèksi saking donyaning [[sato kéwan]], [[tetuwuhan]], lan [[mineral]].&lt;ref name=&quot;d'Histoire&quot;/&gt; Wonten ugi kolèksi [[évolusi]] [[Spesies|spésies]], adhaptasi spésies, kompléksitas donya lan isinipun, èkologi lan konservasi kaanekaragaman.&lt;ref name=&quot;d'Histoire&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.evene.fr/culture/lieux/muséum-d-histoire-naturelle-de-bordeaux-156.php|title=''Museum-d-histoire-naturelle-de-bordeaux'' |author=evene.fr|year= |publisher=evene.fr|access-date= 24 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery caption=&quot;Papan Wisata ing Bordeaux&quot;&gt;
Gambar:Bordeaux - Grand Théâtre 4.jpg|Wangunan Téater-Opera Nasional, Bordeaux
Gambar:Le monument aux Girondins (Bordeaux).JPG|Monumén Girondins, Bordeaux
Gambar:Cathédrale St André Bordeaux.gif|Katedral Saint Andre, Bordeaux
Gambar:Bordeaux Porte Cailhau.jpg|Porte Cailhau, Bordeaux
Gambar:Beaux arts bordeaux.jpg|Musiyum des Beaux-Arts, Bordeaux
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ''Landmark'' Kitha Bordeaux ===
{{wide image|Place de la Bourse Bordeaux de nuit.jpg|1000px|[[Port de la Lune]] minangka ''landmark'' Kitha Bordeaux.}}

* '''[[Port de la Lune]]''', satunggaling papan mirunggan ing Bordeaux ingkang sampun mlebet dhaftar [[Situs warisan donya|Situs Warisan Donya]] [[UNESCO]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Warisan Donya&quot;/&gt; Port de la Lune ugi sinebat '''Plabuan Wulan''' dados wangunan tilaran awit 2000 taun kapengker, dados kutha krajan lan plabuan mirunggan ing regional lan internasional.&lt;ref name=&quot;Warisan Donya&quot;/&gt; Parencanaan kitha lan arsitèktur kitha wiwit abad angka wolulas kanthi manunggalipun arsitèktur klasik lan néoklasik ingkang ndadosaken Port de la Lune minangka situs warisan donya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Warisan Donya&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1256|title=''Bordeaux, Port de la Lune'' |author=whc.unesco.org|year= |publisher=whc.unesco.org|access-date= 23 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Wisata Blanja ===
Kitha Bordeaux sampun dipunmangertosi minangka kitha kanthi piranti-piranti awis lan kathah wangunan toko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Blanja&quot;/&gt; Ing Bordeaux wonten wewengkon blanja ingkang sinebat ''&quot;Golden Triangle&quot;'' utawi tigang emas, ingkang kapérang saking wewengon de l'intendance, cours Georges Clemenceau lan allées de Tourny.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Blanja&quot;/&gt; Manéka toko saking mérek kawentar wonten ing Bordeaux, kados: ''Hugo'', ''Boss'', ''Hermes'', lan ''Rolex''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Blanja&quot;/&gt; Toko-toko ing Bordeaux limrahipun nganggé basa Prancis lan [[Inggris]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Blanja&quot;/&gt; Sanèsipun toko, wonten [[réstoran]] lan tiyang sadéan [[anggur]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Blanja&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tripadvisor.com/Travel-g187079-s405/Bordeaux:France:Shopping.html|title=''Bordeaux: Shopping '' |author=tripadvisor.com|year= |publisher=tripadvisor.com|access-date= 22 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Ing punjering Kitha Bordeaux madeg manéka [[toko]] lan [[mal]] ageng ingkang nyumadyaaken piranti mérek Prancis lan internasional ingkang sampun misuwur.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Blanja2&quot;/&gt; Kados kitha-kitha sanès ing Prancis, toko-toko alit ing Bordeaux awit enjing ngantos dalu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Blanja2&quot;/&gt; Manawi mal lan supermarkèt dipunbikak 24 jam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Blanja2&quot;/&gt; Toko ''Le Marche des Grands Hommes'' dipunbikak [[Senin]] ngantos [[Setu]] tabuh 10.00-20.00.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Blanja2&quot;/&gt; Dinten [[Minggu]] sapérangan ageng toko ing kitha punika dipuntutup.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wisata Blanja2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.world-guides.com/bordeaux_shopping.html|title=''Bordeaux Shopping and Districts''|author=bordeaux.world-guides.com|year=|publisher=bordeaux.world-guides.com|access-date=22 April 2013|archive-date=28 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130128051057/http://www.bordeaux.world-guides.com/bordeaux_shopping.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== [[Pangan|Kulinér]] ==
[[Gambar:Caneles Baillardan.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Roti ''Canneles Baillardan'', roti tradhisional Bordeaux.]]
Amargi manggén ing sapinggiripun [[sagara]], kulinér utawi dhaharan kas Bordeaux kathah ingkang kadamel saking [[kerang]], [[tiram]], [[iwak|ulam]], [[lobster]], lan [[sato kéwan|kéwan]] sagara sanèsipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kulinér&quot;/&gt; Dhaharan Bordeaux '''Lamproie a la Bordelaise''', satunggaling kulinér klasik wiwit jaman [[Romawi]], dipundamel saking welut laut, anggur, lan bumbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kulinér3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mycitycuisine.org/wiki/Lamproie_a_la_Bordelaise|title=''Lamproie a la Bordelaise''|author=mycitycuisine.org|year=|publisher=mycitycuisine.org|access-date=24 April 2013|archive-date=21 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621045440/http://www.mycitycuisine.org/wiki/Lamproie_a_la_Bordelaise|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulinér Bordeaux ingkang kadamel saking [[daging]] [[wedhus|menda]] namanipun ''agneau de Pauillac''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kulinér&quot;/&gt; Wonten ugi dhaharan ingkang kadamel saking [[bekicot]] ingkang dipunmasak campur kaliyan [[anggur]], [[tomat]], lan bahan sanèsipun.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kulinér&quot;/&gt;

Kulinér Bordeaux ingkang awujud [[roti]] kados ''marrons Glaces'', ''noisettines du Medoc'', lan [[hazelnut]] panggang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kulinér&quot;/&gt; Roti tradhisional Bordeaux namanipun roti ''Canneles Baillardan'' ingkang raosipun manis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kulinér&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.winetour-france.com/bordeaux-food.asp|title=''Food &amp; Cuisine in BORDEAUX''|author=winetour-france.com|year=|publisher=winetour-france.com|access-date=24 April 2013|archive-date=8 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208234145/http://winetour-france.com/bordeaux-food.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kulinér saking Bordeaux sanèsipun kados '''Saus Bordelaise''', ingkang dipundamel saking [[anggur]] [[abang|abrit]], coklat, brambang abrit, lan bumbu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kulinér2&quot;/&gt; Manawi dhahar Saus Bordelaise limrahipun dipuntambahi stik panggang.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kulinér2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.hillmanwonders.com/cuisines/bordeaux_cuisine.htm|title=''Bordeaux cuisine'' |author=hillmanwonders.com|year= |publisher=hillmanwonders.com|access-date= 24 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kitha Kembar ==
Bordeaux gadhah [[kitha kembar]] kaliyan:
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|
* {{Flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Bristol]], [[Inggris]], wiwit [[1947]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bristol.gov.uk/node/1630|title=''Twinning '' |author=bristol.gov.uk|year= |publisher=bristol.gov.uk|access-date= 22 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Lima]], [[Peru]], wiwit [[1957]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Canada}} [[Quebec City]], [[Kanadha]], wiwit [[1962]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Munich]], [[Jerman]], wiwit [[1964]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flagicon|United States}} [[Los Angeles]], [[Amérikah Sarékat]], wiwit [[1968]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
||
* {{Flagicon|Portugal}} [[Porto]], [[Portugal]], wiwit [[1978]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf|title=''International Relations of the City of Porto''|author=cm-porto.pt|year=|publisher=cm-porto.pt|access-date=22 April 2013|archive-date=13 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113054303/http://www.cm-porto.pt/document/449218/481584.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Japan}} [[Fukuoka]], [[Jepang]], wiwit [[1982]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.wa-pedia.com/japan-guide/fukuoka.shtml|title=''Fukuoka &amp; Hakata 福岡・博多'' |author=wa-pedia.com|year= |publisher=wa-pedia.com|access-date= 22 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Bilbao]], [[Spanyol]] wiwit [[2000]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Madrid]], Spanyol, wiwit [[1984]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Israèl}} [[Ashdod]], [[Israèl]], wiwit [[1984]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
||
* {{Flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]], wiwit [[1985]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Morocco}} [[Casablanca]], [[Moroko]], wiwit [[1988]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Ruslan]], wiwit [[1993]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities|title=''Saint Petersburg in figures – International and Interregional Ties''|author=eng.gov.spb.ru|year=|publisher=eng.gov.spb.ru|access-date=22 April 2013|archive-date=24 February 2009|archive-url=https://archive.ph/20090224073839/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Algeria}} [[Oran]], [[Aljazair]], wiwit [[2003]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Zahlé]], [[Lebanon]], wiwit [[2006]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;/&gt;
* {{Flagicon|TUR}} [[Samsun]], [[Turki]], wiwit [[2010]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kembarr5&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international|title=''Rayonnement européen et mondial''|author=bordeaux.fr|year=|publisher=bordeaux.fr|access-date=24 April 2013|archive-date=7 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207154903/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p63778/europe%C2%A0et%C2%A0international|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Logo Bordeaux ==

{|width=&quot;100%&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;4&quot; class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-valign=&quot;top&quot;
|align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;padding:8px&quot;|[[Gambar:Three-Crescents-Diane-Poitiers-multicolored.svg|100px|alt=Bordeaux]]
|width=&quot;100%&quot; style=&quot;padding:8px&quot;|'''Bordeaux'''
* Logo Bordeaux ingkang sapunika awujud tigang gegaman ''crescent'' kados wulan sabit ingkang kagabung.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambang&quot;/&gt; Logo punika nggambaraken wulan lan pralambanging plabuan Bordeaux.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lambang&quot;&gt;{{fr}}{{cite web |url=http://www.bordeaux.fr/p6931 |title=''Les petites armoiries'' |author=bordeaux.fr |year= |publisher=bordeaux.fr |access-date=23 April 2013 |archive-date=2 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702232754/http://www.bordeaux.fr/p6931 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
{{Clr}}

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Pranala njawi ==
* [http://www.bordeaux-tourisme.com/uk/bordeaux_patrimoine_mondial/introduction/bordeaux_patrimoine_mondial_index.html ''Bordeaux World Heritage'' (Bordeaux Warisan Budaya Donya)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130429195117/http://www.bordeaux-tourisme.com/uk/bordeaux_patrimoine_mondial/introduction/bordeaux_patrimoine_mondial_index.html |date=2013-04-29 }}
* {{fr}}[http://www.bordeaux.fr/ Website Kitha Bordeaux]
* {{fr}}[http://www.bordeaux.fr/ Bordeaux]

{{Commons|Bordeaux}}
{{Wikivoyage|Bordeaux}}
{{artikel pilihan}}

[[Kategori:Kutha ing Prancis]]
[[Kategori:Situs Warisan Donya ing Prancis]]</text>
      <sha1>th5kjljqd6ikrgo5t1vh9ejpm9zezc0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bono</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>100177</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746503</id>
      <parentid>1741909</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T06:42:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746503</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21804" sha1="63ot75dmo6eymfps1to538ck9g3fl1z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| Name                =   Bono
| Img                 = &lt;!--  NOTE TO EDITORS: Do not replace Bono_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg unless it is with a photo under a public domain or free license (meaning NOT merely fair use). Any fair use photos (e.g. &quot;promotional photos&quot;) are copyright violations and will be deleted. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Fair use criteria --&gt;Bono_at_the_2009_Tribeca_Film_Festival.jpg 
| Img_capt            = Bono nalika taun 2009 [[Fèstival Film Tribeca]]
| Img_size            = 221
| Background          = solo_singer
| Birth_name          = Paul David Hewson
| Alias               = Bono&lt;!-- anyone adding Figuran Osman to this article without a reliable source will be blocked --&gt;
| Birth                = {{birth date and age|1960|5|10|df=yes}}
| Origin              = [[Dublin]], [[Républik Irlandia]]
| Died                = 
| Instrument          = [[Vokal]], [[gitar]], [[harmonika]]
| Voice_type          = 
| Genre               = [[Musik Rock|Rock]], [[post-punk]], [[rock alternatif]]
| Occupation          = [[Musisi]], [[penyanyi-panulis lagu]], [[aktivis]], [[filantropi]]
| Years_active        = 1975–saiki
| Label               = 
| Associated_acts     = [[U2]]
| URL                 = [http://www.u2.com/ www.u2.com]
| Notable_instruments = [[Gretsch]] Irish Falcon
}}

'''Paul David Hewson''' (lair [[10 Mèi]] [[1960]]), ditepungi kanthi jeneng panggung '''Bono''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɒ|n|oʊ}} {{respell|BON|oh}}), iku penyanyi [[Wong Irlandia|Irlandia]], musisi, kapitalis ventura lan kamanungsan paling dikawruhi amarga dadi vokalis utama saka band [[Dublin]] kanthi basis rock [[U2]]. Bono lair lan gedhé ing Dublin, Irlandia, lan sekolah ing [[Mount Temple Comprehensive School]] ing ngendi dhèwèké ketemu calon bojoné, [[Ali Hewson|Alison Stewart]], lan ing tembé mburi dadi anggota U2.&lt;ref name=MacphistoNet /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bono on Bono&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=ATU2Clayton /&gt; Bono nulis mèh kabèh lirik U2, asring migunakaké téma-téma sosial lan agama, lan sok-sok téma pulitik.&lt;ref name=ATU2comBonoBio /&gt;&lt;ref name=Stockman /&gt; Sakwéné taun-taun awalé, lirik-lirik Bono mènèhi kontribusi kanggo nada ngraman lan spiritual U2.&lt;ref name=ATU2comBonoBio /&gt; Minangka band diwasa, lirik-liriké dadi luwih kainspirasi déning pengalaman pribadi bebarengan karo anggota U2.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bono on Bono&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=ATU2comBonoBio /&gt;

Ing sanjaban band, dhèwèké wis kolaborasi lan rekaman karo akèh seniman,&lt;ref name=111393NPR /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CASH&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;HPRESSBONO&quot; /&gt; wujud direktur pangleksana lan mitra pangleksana ''[[Elevation Partners]]'',&lt;ref name=&quot;Billboard.biz&quot;&gt;[http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/legal-and-management/business-matters-bono-will-make-maybe-10-1007099752.story Billboard.biz]&lt;/ref&gt; lan wis dianyaraké lan duwé ''The Clarence Hotèl'' ing Dublin karo ''[[The Edge]]''.&lt;ref name=EPPDF /&gt;&lt;ref name=ClarenceHotèl /&gt; Bono uga akèh ditepungi amarga aktivitasé ngenani Afrika, ing ngendi dhèwèké madegaké [[DATA]], [[EDUN]], ''[[ONE Campaign]]'' lan ''[[Product Red]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bono on Bono&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=NationalPrayerBreakfast /&gt; Dhèwèké wis ngorganisasi lan main ing sapérangan konsèr kang nguntungaké lan wis ketemu karo pulitisi-pulitisi kang duwé prabawa.&lt;ref name=NationalPrayerBreakfast /&gt;&lt;ref name=Time1986 /&gt;&lt;ref name=05312005RollingStone /&gt; Bono wis dialembana lan dikritik amarga aktivitasé lan gegandhèngané karo U2.&lt;ref name=2006Nobel /&gt;&lt;ref name=Grammy /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;tax shelter&quot; /&gt; Dhèwèké wis dinominasikaké kanggo [[Nobel Bedhamèn]], diwènèhi kinurmatan [[satriyo]] déning [[Ratu Elizabeth II]] saka Britania Raya, lan, déning [[Bill Gates|Bill]] lan [[Melinda Gates]], dijenengi [[Time Person of the Year|''Time'' Person of the Year]] nalika taun 2005,&lt;ref name=2006Nobel /&gt;&lt;ref name=122306BBC /&gt;&lt;ref name=PersonoftheYear /&gt; ing antarané bebungah lan nominasi liyané.

== Babad slira ==
Bono lair ing [[Rotunda Hospital]], Dublin, tanggal 10 Mèi 1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title= Bono: In the Name of Love  |last= Wall|first= Mick |year= 2006|publisher=Andre Deutsch Ltd|isbn= 978-0-233-00177-7|page= 17 |access-date=24 Januari 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhèwèké digedhèkaké ing [[Northside (Dublin)|Northside]] pinggiran Finglas&lt;ref name=&quot;Bono-Evening Herald&quot;/&gt; karo kakangné, Norman Robert Hewson (wolung taun luwih tuwa saka Bono), déning ibuné Iris (née Rankin), sawijining anggota saka [[Gréja Irlandia]] lan bapakné, Brendan Robert &quot;Bob&quot; Hewson, kang nganut agama [[Katulik Roma]].&lt;ref name=MacphistoNet&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.macphisto.net/theband/biography/bonobio.html|title=U2 Biography—Bono|publisher=Macphisto.net|year=2006|access-date=3 Mèi 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bono on Bono&quot; /&gt; Wong tuwané awalé sarujuk yèn anak mbarepé bakal dianutaké [[Anglikan]] lan anak kaloroné mèlu Kalutik.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unforgettable Fire by Dunphy&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Unforgettable Fire: The Definitive Biography of U2|first=Eamon|last=Dunphy|publisher=Warner Books|location=New York|year=1987}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanajan Bono anak kaloro, dhèwèké uga mèlu leladiné Gréja Irlandia bebarengan ibu lan kakangné.&lt;ref name=&quot;Unforgettable Fire by Dunphy&quot; /&gt;

Dhèwèké sinau ing [[Glasnevin National School]], sekolah dhasar kang ana ing kana.&lt;ref&gt;Matthews (2008), p. 8&lt;/ref&gt; Bono umur 14 taun nalika ibuné ninggal tanggal 10 September 1974 sawisé nandhang [[aneurisma utek]] nalika panguburan bapakné.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bono on Bono&quot; /&gt; Akèh lagu-lagu U2, kalebu &quot;[[I Will Follow]]&quot;, &quot;[[Mofo (lagu)|Mofo]]&quot;, &quot;[[Three (EP)|Out of Control]]&quot;, &quot;[[Lemon (lagu U2)|Lemon]]&quot;, lan &quot;[[Tomorrow (lagu U2)|Tomorrow]]&quot;, munjeraké kawigatèn marang prastawa sédané ibuné.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bono on Bono&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=010197DailyTelegraph&gt;{{cite news|title=Growing Up With U2|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|first=Neil|last=McCormick|date=1 Januari 1997}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Schruers&gt;{{cite journal|title=U2: Small Victories in a Rock and Roll Struggle of Sound and Emotion Report|first=Fred|last=Schruers|date=May 1983|magazine=[[Musician (magazine)|Musician Magazine]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lagu-lagu liya munjeraké kawigatèn marang téma mangsa silik vs kadiwasan, kaya déné &quot;Into the Heart,&quot; &quot;Twilight&quot;, lan &quot;Stories for Boys.&quot;{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}

Bono nekani [[Mount Temple Comprehensive School]], sawijining sekolah multi-denominasi ing [[Clontarf, Dublin|Clontarf]]. Sakwéné mangsa bocah lan remaja, Bono lan kanca-kancané iku péranganing geng dalanan [[surealis]] kang arané &quot;Lypton Village&quot;. Bono ketemu karo salah siji kanca cedhakké, [[Guggi]], ing Lypton Village.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} Geng iku duwé kabiyasan mènèhi jejuluk. Bono duwé sapérangan jeneng: pisanan, dhèwèké iku &quot;Steinvic von Huyseman&quot;, banjur mung &quot;Huyseman&quot;, diterusaké karo &quot;Houseman&quot;, &quot;Bon Murray&quot;, &quot;Bono Vox of O'Connell Street&quot;, lan pungkasané mung &quot;Bono&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bono on Bono&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Assayas|first=Michka|title=Bono on Bono: Conversations with Michka Assayas|publisher=Hodder &amp; Stoughton|isbn=0-340-83276-2|location=London|year=2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;Bono Vox&quot; iku owah-owahan saka ''Bonavox'', sawijining tembung [[Latin]] kang ateges &quot;swara kang apik.&quot; Dhèwèké dijuluki &quot;Bono Vox&quot; déning kancané, [[Gavin Friday]]. Awalé, Bono ora seneng marang jeneng iku. Nanging, nalika dhèwèké nyinaoni tembung iku pertalané &quot;swara kang apik&quot;, dhèwèké nampa sesebutan iku. Hewson uga dikawruhi minangka &quot;Bono&quot; wiwit pungkasan taun 1970an. Sanajan dhèwèké migunakaké Bono minangka jeneng panggung, kulawarga cerak lan kanca-kanca uga ngrujuk dhèwèké minangka Bono, kalebu pepadha anggota band.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bono on Bono&quot; /&gt; Nalika bojoné nuduhaké dhèwèké minangka Bono, nalika guneman karo dhèwèké, bojoné nyebut dhèwèké 'B' dhedhasar saka Bono.

== Kauripan pribadi ==
Bono bebrayan karo [[Ali Hewson|Alison Hewson]] (née Stewart).&lt;ref name=ATU2Clayton&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.atu2.com/band/adam/|title=Adam Clayton biography – U2 bassist|publisher=atU2.com|access-date=19 Novèmber 2010}}; {{cite news|title=The Unforgettable Sire|first=Vincent|last=Moss|date=24 Dhésèmber 2006|newspaper=[[Sunday Mirror]]|url=http://www.sundaymirror.co.uk/showbiz/tm_headline=the-unforgettable-sire%26method=full%26objectid=18322022%26siteid=98487-name_page.html|access-date=19 Novèmber 2010}}; {{cite news|title=In Music and Love, U2 Has Staying Power|first=Elise|last=McIntosh|date=3 Oktober 2006|newspaper=[[Staten Island Advance]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pasangan iki duwé anak papat: anak wadoné iku Jordan (lair 10 Mèi 1989) lan [[Eve Hewson|Memphis Eve]] (lair 7 Juli 1991) lan anak lanangé iku Elijah Bob Patricius Guggi Q (lair 17 Agustus 1999) lan John Abraham (lair 20 Mèi 2001).&lt;ref name=IMDB&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0095104/bio|title=Bono — Biography|publisher=[[IMDb]]|access-date=19 Novèmber 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bono mèh ora tau katon ing ngarep umum tanpa kacamata. Nalika ''Rolling Stone'' wawancara, dhèwèké nélakaké:
{{quote|[Aku duwé] mripat kang banget sensitif marang cahya. Yèn sawijining wong njupuk fotoku, Aku bakal ndeleng lampu kilat sadina nutuk. Mripat tengenku abuh. Ana panyumpelan ing kana, marakaké mripatku akèh abangé. Dadi iku pérangan rias, pérangan privasi lan pérangan sensitif.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Bono – The Rolling Stone Interview|first=Jann|last=Wenner|authorlink=Jann Wenner|magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]|date=3 Novèmber 2005|issue=986}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

Taun 2002, dhèwèké kacathet minangka salah siji [[100 Warga Inggris Paling Gedhé]] sajeroning jajak pendhapat kang dilakokakaké ing kalangan masarakat umum,&lt;ref name=BBC100&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/2208671.stm|title=100 great British heroes|work=[[BBC News]]|publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=21 Agustus 2002|access-date=19 Novèmber 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; sanajan sajatiné dhèwèké iku wong Irlandia.

Ing sasi Mèi 2010, Bono ngalami tatu balung mburi nalika nyiapaké tur U2 sabanjuré, lan digawa menyang sawijining klinik Jerman ing [[Munich]] kanggo [[bedhah saraf]] darurat.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment_and_arts/10139846.stm|title=Bono's back surgery puts U2 dates in jeopardy|publisher=The BBC|date=21 Mèi 2010|access-date=21 Mèi 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;postp-1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.u2.com/news/title/bono-discharged-from-hospital|title=Bono Discharged From Hospital|publisher=U2.com|date=25 Mèi 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kabèh pèntas ing Amérika Lor ditundha lan dijadwalaké manèh taun 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;postp-2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.u2.com/news/title/north-american-leg-postponed |title=North American Leg Postponed |publisher=U2.com |date=25 Mèi 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.u2.com/news/title/north-american-dates-will-be-rescheduled-in-2011 |title=North American Dates Will Be Rescheduled In 2011 |publisher=U2.com |date=25 Mèi 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taun 2004, Bono diwènèhi gelar kinurmatan Dhoktor Ukum saka Univèrsitas Pennsylvania.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.upenn.edu/pennnews/article.php?id=603&lt;/ref&gt;

Bono dinobataké minangka siji saka 17 seniman Irlandia kang bisa dibombongaké déning ''Irish Post'' nalika tanggal 9 April 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.irishpost.co.uk/entertainment/17-irish-artists-to-be-proud-of |title=Archive copy |access-date=2013-05-11 |archive-date=2013-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908133743/http://www.irishpost.co.uk/entertainment/17-irish-artists-to-be-proud-of |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kalawarti ''Time'' meringkataké dhèwèké ing papan angka 8 ing pratélan &quot;Selebriti Paling Duwé Prabawa&quot; taun 2013; dhèwèké iku siji-sijiné pawongan saka indhustri musik kang ana ing Top 10.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.forbes.com/sites/dorothypomerantz/2013/03/14/oprah-winfrey-tops-our-list-of-the-most-influential-celebrities&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karir musik ==
=== U2 ===
{{Main|U2}}
Nalika tanggal 25 September 1976, Bono, [[The Edge|David Evans (&quot;The Edge&quot;)]], [[Dik Evans|Dik]] seduluré, lan [[Adam Clayton]] nanggapi sawijining iklan ing papan pariwara ing Mount Temple kang dipasang déning [[Larry Mullen Jr.]], padha-padha mahasiswa kanggo mbentuk sawijining band rock. &lt;!--Band iki duwé The band had occasional jam sessions in which they did covers of other bands. Tired of long guitar solos and hard rock, Bono wanted to play [[Rolling Stones]] and [[The Beach Boys]] songs. Unfortunately the band could not play covers very well, so they started writing their own songs.--&gt;

=== Kolaborasi ===
Saliyané karyané bebarengan karo U2, dhèwèké wis kolaborasi karo [[Frank Sinatra]],&lt;ref name=111393NPR&gt;Simon, S. (Host). (13 November 1993). ''Weekend Edition Saturday''. Washington, DC: National Public Radio.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Johnny Cash]],&lt;ref name=&quot;CASH&quot;&gt;Lost Highway Records. (10 October 2005). [http://www.johnnycashmusic.com/news.html &quot;News&quot;]. Retrieved 5 May 2007, from&lt;/ref&gt; [[Willie Nelson]],&lt;ref name=WNelson&gt;U2. (1998). Slow Dancing. On ''If God Will Send His Angels'' [CD-Single]. New York: Island Records.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Luciano Pavarotti]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Pavarotti&quot;&gt;Louie, R. (6 February 1996). Short Takes. ''Buffalo News''. Retrieved 3 May 2007, from [http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BN&amp;p_theme=bn&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EAF99106A89B6AE&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM Opera man Luciano Pavarotti wants to be hip] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130511233120/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BN&amp;p_theme=bn&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=0EAF99106A89B6AE&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM |date=2013-05-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sinéad O'Connor]],&lt;ref name=SOCONNOR&gt;Voyer, R. (1 October 2005).. ''Splendid''. Retrieved 3 May 2007, from [http://www.splendidezine.com/review.html?reviewid=1126871570221522 Splendid Magazine reviews Sinéad O'Connor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402235532/http://www.splendidezine.com/review.html?reviewid=1126871570221522 |date=2012-04-02 }} splendidezine.com&lt;/ref&gt; [[Green Day]], [[Roy Orbison]],&lt;ref name=&quot;ORBISON&quot;&gt;Orbison, R. (1989). &quot;[[She's a Mystery to Me]]&quot;. On ''[[Mystery Girl]]'' [CD]. London: Virgin Records.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bob Dylan]],&lt;ref name=&quot;HPRESSBONO&quot;&gt;Bono (1984, 10 August). BONO, BOB AND VAN. ''Hot Press''&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tina Turner]],&lt;ref name=&quot;TINATURNER&quot;&gt;Various Artists. (1995). Goldeneye. On ''Goldeneye: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack'' [CD]. New York: Virgin Records&lt;/ref&gt; [[B.B. King]] lan [[Zucchero]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Miserere&quot;&gt;{{cite album-notes |title=Miserere |bandname=[[Zucchero]] / [[Luciano Pavarotti]] |year=1992 |publisher=[[PolyGram|PolyGram Itali s.r.i]] |format=CD |publisherid=864 401-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYDN19980806&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/1998/08/06/1998-08-06_platinum_tenor_meet_opera_se.html |title=Platinum Tenor Meet Opera Sensation Andrea Bocelli, Italy's 'Young Pavarotti' |last=Kissel |first=Howard |work=[[Daily News (New York)]] |date=6 Agustus 1998 |access-date=17 Fèbruari 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=BBKING&gt;U2. (1988). When Love Comes to Town. On ''Rattle and Hum'' [CD]. New York: Island Records.&lt;/ref&gt; Dhèwèké wis gawé rekaman karo [[Ray Charles]],&lt;ref name=QJook&gt;U2 Wanderer. (Unknown last update). [http://www.u2wanderer.org/disco/coll23.html ''U2 Discography—Q's Jook Joint'']. Retrieved 4 July 2007&lt;/ref&gt; [[Quincy Jones]], [[Kirk Franklin]],&lt;ref name=NUNATIONPROJECT&gt;Kirk Franklin. (1998). Lean on me. On ''THE NU NATION PROJECT'' [CD-Album]. Inglewood: GospoCentric Records.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bruce Springsteen]],&lt;ref name=BSpringsteen&gt;Stanley, A. (19 May 2007). [http://www.echoes.com/greymatter/archives/00000082.html ''Bruce Springsteen: THE RISING TOUR 2003-2003 FINAL TOUR STATISTICS'']. Retrieved 4 July 2007&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tony Bennett]],&lt;ref name=TBennett&gt;TonyBennett.net. (Unknown last update). [http://www.tonybennett.net/ ''Tony Bennett, Columbia Records''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703152246/http://www.tonybennett.net/ |date=2007-07-03 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2007&lt;/ref&gt; [[Clannad (musical group)|Clannad]],&lt;ref name=Clannad&gt;U2tour.de. (Unknown last update). [http://www.u2tour.de/discographie/videos/In_A_Lifetime_Clannad__Bono.html ''In A Lifetime (Clannad &amp; Bono)''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615114552/http://u2tour.de/discographie/videos/In_A_Lifetime_Clannad__Bono.html |date=2007-06-15 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2007&lt;/ref&gt; [[The Corrs]],&lt;ref name=TheCorrs&gt;Cashmere, P. (14 April 2004). The Corrs Record Another Bono Song. ''Undercover Media''. Retrieved 4 July 2007, from [http://www.undercover.com.au/news/2004/apr04/20040414_corrs.html undercover.com.au]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Wyclef Jean]],&lt;ref name=WyclefJean&gt;U2Wanderer.org. (Unknown last update). [http://www.u2wanderer.org/disco/newday.html ''U2 Discography—New Day Single'']. Retrieved 4 July 2007&lt;/ref&gt; [[Kylie Minogue]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mtv.co.uk/artists/kylie-minogue/news/39533-kylies-bono-moment Kylie's Bono Moment | Kylie Minogue | News | MTV UK]. Mtv.co.uk (2006-11-13). Retrieved on 13 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Carl Perkins]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Allmusic |class=album |id=r241501 |label=''Go Cat Go''-Carl Perkins |first=Cub |last=Koda |access-date=25 Novèmber 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Jay-Z]] lan [[Rihanna]], sarta dilapuraké ngrampungaké duet kang durung dirilis karo [[Jennifer Lopez]].&lt;ref name=Barile&gt;Barile, L.A. (28 March 2003). [http://www.people.com/people/article/0,26334,625803,00.html PASSAGES: Jennifer Lopez's Latest Duet]. ''People''. Retrieved 4 July 2007&lt;/ref&gt; Ing [[Robbie Robertson (album)|album eponymous]] [[Robbie Robertson]] taun 1987, dhèwèké main gitar bass lan vokal.&lt;ref name=RRobertson&gt;Robbie Robertson. (1987). Sweet Fire of Love. On ''Robbie Robertson'' [CD-Album]. Santa Monica: Geffen Records.&lt;/ref&gt; Ing album eponymous sawisé patiné [[Michael Hutchence]] taun 1999, Bono ngrampungaké rekaman &quot;Slide Away&quot; minangka duet karo Hutchence.&lt;ref&gt;Williams, L. (2006) [http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news?id=21036 Michael Hutchence's Brother Praises Kylie And Bono for their discretion and respect] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626225922/http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news?id=21036 |date=2013-06-26 }} 15 August 2006. Retrieved 6/6/07.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bono lan ''[[The Edge]]'' uga nulis musik lan lirik kanggo filem musikal Broadway ''[[Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark]]''. Ing tanggal 25 Mèi 2011, sawijining single kanthi judhul &quot;[[Rise Above 1]]&quot; déning [[Reeve Carney]] kang nampilaké Bono lan ''The Edge'' dirilis kanthi digital.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rollingstone.com/music/songreviews/rise-above-1-20110526 Rise Above 1 by Reeve Carney feat. Bono and the Edge | Rolling Stone Music | Album Reviews] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826153100/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/songreviews/rise-above-1-20110526 |date=2012-08-26 }}. Rollingstone.com (2011-05-26). Retrieved on 29 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Vidéo musiké dirilis tanggal 28 Juli 2011.&lt;ref&gt;[http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/culturemonster/2011/07/spider-man-star-reeve-carney-in-new-video-with-bono-the-edge.html 'Spider-Man' star Reeve Carney in new video with Bono, the Edge] Latimes.com (2011-07-28) Retrieved on 29 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Uga delengen ==
* [[U2]]
* [[100 Tokoh Paling Gedhé Britania|100 Tokoh Paling Gedhé Britania miturut BBC]]
* [[Kampanye ONE]]
* [[Product Red]]

== Rujukan ==
* [http://www.torontosun.com/News/Canada/2005/04/23/1009529-sun.html Toronto Sun: Bono Bashes Martin]
* [http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,5220235-103677,00.html Kritik marang Bono déning George Monbiot saka kalawarti ''Guardian'']

== Réferènsi ==
;Cathetan sikil
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

;Bibliografi
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Assayas |first1=Michka |author2=Bono |title=Bono in Conversation with Michka Assayas |year=2005 |publisher=[[Riverhead Books]] |location=New York City |isbn=1-57322-309-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Matthews |first=Sheelagh |title=Bono |series=Remarkable People |year=2008 |publisher=[[Weigl Publishers]] |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-59036-638-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Stockman |first=Steve |title=Walk On: The Spiritual Journey of U2 |year=2001 |publisher=Relevant Books |location=[[Lake Mary, Florida|Lake Mary]] |isbn=978-0-88419-793-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Vagacs |first=Robert |year=2005 |title=Religious Nuts, Political Fanatics: U2 in Theological Perspective |publisher=Cascade Books |isbn=1-59752-336-4}}
{{refend}}

== Pranala njaba ==
 {{wikiquote}}
* [http://www.U2.com/ U2.com]-situs resmi U2
* [http://www.data.org/ Debt, AIDS, trade, Africa]-organisasi Bono
* [http://www.makepovertyhistory.org MAKE POVERTY HISTORY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040916042045/http://www.makepovertyhistory.org/ |date=2004-09-16 }}-Kampanye anti kamiskinan kang ing kono Bono mèlu cawé-cawé.
* [http://www.one.org/ The One Campaign]-Kampanye kang dijurung Bono: &quot;prajanjian historis kanggo welasasih lan kaadilan kanggo nulung wong-wong paling miskin ing donya sajeroning ngalahaké AIDS lan kamiskinan kang èkstrém.&quot;
* {{imdb nama|id=0095104|nama=Bono}}
* [http://www.edun.ie/ EDUN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050825082005/http://www.edun.ie/ |date=2005-08-25 }}-bisnis ékofèsyen diwiwiti déning Bono lan Ali, èstriné
* [http://www.data.org/archives/000774.php Pidhato Bono] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216171452/http://www.data.org/archives/000774.php |date=2006-02-16 }} Nalika [[Donga Sarapan Nasional]] 2006.

{{u2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bono}}
[[Kategori:Musisi rock]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh taun iki kalawarti Time]]
[[Kategori:Humanitarian]]
[[Kategori:U2]]
[[Kategori:Person of the Year]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1960]]</text>
      <sha1>63ot75dmo6eymfps1to538ck9g3fl1z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Carrie Fisher</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>135811</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746521</id>
      <parentid>1733975</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T10:55:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746521</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7164" sha1="95vw4b29pj2mmbcku0lu0agibt993ht" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Carrie Fisher 2013.jpg|thumb|Carrie Fisher (2013)]]
'''Carrie Frances Fisher''' ([[21 Oktober]] [[1956]] – [[27 Dhésèmber]] [[2016]]) iku sawijining aktris, panulis skénario, panulis, prodhuser lan pambiwara Amérikah Sarékat. Dhèwèké kawentar main dadi [[Putri Leia]] sajeroning sawatara filem ''[[Star Wars]]''. Paraga liyané antarané ing filem ''Shampoo'' (1975), ''The Blues Brothers'' (1980), ''Hannah and Her Sisters'' (1986), ''The 'Burbs'' (1989), lan ''[[When Harry Met Sally...]]'' (1989). Carrie Fisher uga ditepungi déné roman otobiografiné kaya ta ''[[Postcards from the Edge]]'' lan skénario filem mawa sesirah sing padha, sandiwara otobiografi mawa paraga wadon siji lan buku nonfiksiné ''Wishful Drinking'' sing adhedasar acara télévisiné.

Carrie Fisher iku anaké aktris kawakan [[Debbie Reynolds]].

== Filmografi ==
===Film===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Taun
! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Sesirah
! scope=&quot;col&quot;| Paraga minangka
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | Cathetan
|-
| 1975
| ''[[Shampoo (filem)|Shampoo]]''
| Lorna Karpf
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://time.com/4618441/carrie-fisher-dead/ |title=Carrie Fisher, Celebrated Star Wars Actor, Dies at 60 |last=Kimble |first=Lyndsay |date=December 27, 2016 |website=TIME |publisher=TIME Inc. |access-date=December 27, 2016 |quote=Fisher was flying... when she went into cardiac arrest. |archive-date=December 27, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227224229/http://time.com/4618441/carrie-fisher-dead/ |url-status=dead }}{{cite news|last=Mele|first=Christopher|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/23/movies/carrie-fisher-hospitalized-after-medical-episode-on-plane.html|title=Carrie Fisher in Intensive Care After Medical Episode on Plane|date=December 24, 2016|accessdate=December 24, 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1977
| ''[[Star Wars (filem)|Star Wars]]''
| [[Princess Leia|Princess Leia Organa]]
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1980
| ''[[The Empire Strikes Back]]''
| Princess Leia Organa
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1980
| ''{{sortname|The|Blues Brothers|The Blues Brothers (filem)}}''
| Mystery Woman
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1981
| ''[[Under the Rainbow]]''
| Annie Clark
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The New Biographical Dictionary Of Film 5Th Ed|last=Thomson|first=David|publisher=Hachette UK|year=2010|isbn=|location=|pages=|quote=|via=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1983
| ''[[Return of the Jedi]]''
| Princess Leia Organa
| &lt;ref name=bfi&gt;{{Cite web | url = http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2ba1509e2e | title = Carrie Fisher | accessdate = December 27, 2016 | publisher = [[British Film Institute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 1984
| ''[[Garbo Talks]]''
| Lisa Rolfe
| &lt;ref name=bfi/&gt;
|-
| 1985
| ''{{sortname|The|Man with One Red Shoe}}''
| Paula
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1986
| ''[[Hannah and Her Sisters]]''
| April
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1986
| ''[[Hollywood Vice Squad]]''
| Betty Melton
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1987
| ''[[Amazon Women on the Moon]]''
| Mary Brown
| Segment: &quot;Reckless Youth&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1987
| ''{{sortname|The|Time Guardian}}''
| Petra
|&lt;ref name=bfi/&gt;
|-
| 1988
| ''[[Appointment with Death (filem)|Appointment with Death]]''
| Nadine Boynton
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1989
| ''[[The 'Burbs]]''
| Carol Peterson
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1989
| ''[[Loverboy (1989 filem)|Loverboy]]''
| Monica Delancy
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1989
| ''She's Back''
| Beatrice
| &lt;ref name=bfi/&gt;
|-
| 1989
| ''[[When Harry Met Sally...]]''
| Marie
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1990
| ''Sweet Revenge''
| Linda
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1990
| ''[[Sibling Rivalry (filem)|Sibling Rivalry]]''
| Iris Turner-Hunter
| &lt;ref name=bfi/&gt;
|-
| 1991
| ''[[Drop Dead Fred]]''
| Janie
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1991
| ''[[Soapdish]]''
| Betsy Faye Sharon
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1991
| ''[[Hook (filem)|Hook]]''{{cn}}
| Woman kissing on bridge
| Uncredited
|-
| 1992
| ''[[This Is My Life (1992 filem)|This Is My Life]]''
| Claudia Curtis
|&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 1997
| ''[[Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery]]''
| Therapist
| Uncredited&lt;ref name=bfi/&gt;
|-
| 2000
| ''[[Scream 3]]''
| Bianca
| &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 2000
| ''[[Lisa Picard Is Famous]]''
| dhèwèké dhéwé
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.rollingstone.com/movies/reviews/lisa-picard-is-famous-20010830|title=Lisa Picard Is Famous|newspaper=Rolling Stone|access-date=December 27, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2001
| ''[[Heartbreakers (2001 filem)|Heartbreakers]]''
| Ms. Surpin
|&lt;ref name=bfi/&gt;
|-
| 2001
| ''[[Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back]]''
| Nun
| &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
|-
| 2002
| ''{{sortname|A|Midsummer Night's Rave}}''
|Mia's Mom
| 
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle]]''
| Mother Superior
| &lt;ref name=bfi/&gt;
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Wonderland (2003 filem)|Wonderland]]''
| Sally Hansen
| &lt;ref name=bfi/&gt;
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Stateside (filem)|Stateside]]''
| Mrs. Dubois
| 
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Undiscovered]]''
| Carrie
|
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Suffering Man's Charity]]''
| Cameo role
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.prlog.org/10035266-all-star-cast-heads-up-new-alan-cumming-film-ghost-writer.html|title=All Star Cast Heads Up New Alan Cumming Film &quot;Ghost Writer&quot;|publisher=PRLog|date=October 23, 2007|accessdate=December 27, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2007
| ''[[Cougar Club]]''
| Glady Goodbey
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/cougar_club/|title=Cougar Club (2007)|publisher=Totten Tomatoes|accessdate=December 27, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2008
| ''{{sortname|The|Women|The Women (2008 filem)}}''
| Bailey Smith
| &lt;ref name=bfi/&gt;
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Fanboys (filem)|Fanboys]]''
| Doctor
| &lt;ref name=bfi/&gt;
|-
| 2009
| ''[[White Lightnin']]''
| Cilla
| &lt;ref name=bfi/&gt;
|-
| 2009
| ''[[Sorority Row]]''
| Mrs. Crenshaw
| &lt;ref name=bfi/&gt;
|-
| 2010
| ''[[Wishful Drinking]]''
| `dhèwèké dhéwé
| Documentary&lt;ref name=&quot;hbodoc-WD&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Wishful Drinking|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1705977/?ref_=nm_flmg_slf_11|publisher=HBO(Home Box Office) }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2014
| ''[[Maps to the Stars]]''
| dhèwèké dhéwé
| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/03/09/lost-souls-cinema-anthony-lane|title=Lost Souls: “Maps to the Stars” and “ ’71.’’|publisher=The New Yorker|date=March 9, 2015|accessdate=December 27, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2015
| ''[[Star Wars: The Force Awakens]]''
| Jéndral Leia Organa
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/11/11/star-wars-force-awakens-carrie-fisher-leia|title=Star Wars The Force Awakens: Carrie Fisher on returning to the toughest woman in the Star Wars galaxy - EW.com|work=Entertainment Weekly's EW.com|access-date=2016-12-27|archive-date=2015-11-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113032400/http://www.ew.com/article/2015/11/11/star-wars-force-awakens-carrie-fisher-leia|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Bright Lights: Starring Carrie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds]]''
| dhèwèké dhéwé
| dokumentèr
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Star Wars: Episode VIII]]''
| Jéndral Leia Organa
| ''Pasca-produksi''; rilis sawisé tilar donya
|}

== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==

{{DEFAULTSORT:Fisher, Carrie}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1956]]
[[Kategori:Pati 2016]]
[[Kategori:Star Wars]]</text>
      <sha1>95vw4b29pj2mmbcku0lu0agibt993ht</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Basa Cebuano</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>137669</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746485</id>
      <parentid>1737810</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T01:26:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746485</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5607" sha1="r6mgoerj3zkshchc9gpttbpa0zdo96v" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
|name       = Cebuano
|altname    = Cebuan,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:nHhxdEnx1FUJ:https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Cebuan+&amp;cd=4&amp;hl=en&amp;ct=clnk&amp;gl=ph|title=Definition of CEBUAN|website=webcache.googleusercontent.com|accessdate=7 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Visayan
|nativename = ''Sugbuanon'', ''Bisayâ'', ''Bisayâng Sugbuanon'', ''Sinugbuanong Binisayâ'', ''Sinibwano''
|pronunciation= 
|states     = [[Filipina]]
|region     = [[Visayas Tengah]], wétan [[Pulo Negros]], kulon [[Visayas Wétan]], kidul [[Masbate]], lan mayoritas [[Mindanao]]
|ethnicity  = [[Wong Cebuano]]
|speakers   = 21,1 yuta
|date       = 2007
|ref        = ne2007
|speakers2  = Basa angka loro akèh dhéwé cacahé panyaturé ing Filipina, sabubaré [[basa Tagalog]]&lt;ref&gt;Philippine Census, 2000. Table 11. Household Population by Ethnicity, Sex and Region: 2000&lt;/ref&gt;
|familycolor= Austronésia
|fam2       = [[Kulawarga basa Malayo-Polynésia|Malayo-Polynésia]]
|fam3       = [[Kulawarga basa Filipina|Filipina]]
|fam4       = [[Kulawarga basa Filipina Tengah|Filipina Tengah]]
|fam5       = [[Kulawarga basa Visayas|Visayas]]
|dia1={{bulleted list|Cebuano Baku (Dhialèk Provinsi Cebu);}}
|dia2={{bulleted list|Cebuano Kutha (Dhialèk Métro Cebu);}}
|dia3={{bulleted list|Cebuano Négros (Dhialèk Negros Oriental);}}
|dia4={{bulleted list|[[Dhialèk Boholano|Cebuano Bohol]];}}
|dia5={{bulleted list|Cebuano Leyteño (Kana);}}
|dia6={{bulleted list|Cebuano Mindanao {{small|(kalebu uga Cebuano Davaoeño)}}}}
|script      = [[Aksara Latin]] ([[Abakada|Alpabèt Cebuano]])&lt;br&gt;[[Braille Cebuano]]&lt;br&gt;[[Baybayin]] (biyèné)
|nation      = [[Basa enggon-enggonan]] ing Filipina
|agency      = [[Akadhemi Seni lan Sastra Visaya]]
|iso2       = ceb
|iso3       = ceb
|glotto=cebu1242
|glottorefname=Cebuano
|map=Distribution of cebuano language.png
|mapcaption=Laladan panyatur basa Cebuano ing Filipina
|notice=IPA
}}
'''Basa Cebuano''', kang asring kurang trep diarani déning panyaturé dhéwé minangka '''basa Bisaya''' (&quot;''Visaya''&quot;; aja kuwalik karo basa-basa Visaya), iku salah sawijiné basa Austronésia enggon-enggonan kang dipituturaké ing nagara [[Filipina]] déning kira-kira wong 20 yuta. Panyaturé akèh-akèhé saka wong [[Visayans#Sugbu Visayans|Visaya Cebuano]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ceb |title= Cebuano |author=Lewis, M. Paul  |year=2009  |publisher=Ethnologue |accessdate=July 23, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Basa iki kang akèh dhéwé panyaturé sajeroné [[Basa-basa Visaya|kulawarga basa Visaya]] lan seduluran karo basa-basa Filipina liyané.

Sanajan ora diajaraké ing sekolah lan universitas nganti taun 2012, basa iki tetep dadi basa kang akèh dhéwé panyatur asliné ing Filipina.&lt;ref name=&quot;gruyter&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Ulrich Ammon |author2=Norbert Dittmar |author3=Klaus J. Mattheier |title =Sociolinguistics: an international handbook of the science of language and society|publisher =Walter de Gruyter|volume=Volume 3|year =2006|page=2018|isbn =978-3-11-018418-1|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&amp;printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false}}&lt;/ref&gt; Basa Cebuano minangka [[basantara]] ing Visaya Tengah, wétan Pulo Negros (mligi [[Negros Oriental]]), kulon [[Visaya Wétan]], lan manéka laladan ing [[Mindanao]]. Jeneng Cebuano dhéwé dijupuk saka jeneng Pulo [[Cebu]], kang dadi asal mulané basa iki.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ceb&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ceb2&quot;&gt;{{cite web|first=John U.|last=Wolff|title= Cebuano in Facts About the World's Languages: An Encyclopedia of the World's Major Languages, Past and Present (New York: H. W. Wilson, 2001)|url= https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_ceb_detail-2|format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt; Basa Cebuano uga dadi basa pokok ing Leyte Kulon, mligi kutha [[Ormoc]] lan tlatah-tlatah saubengé, sanajan dijenengaké basa &quot;Ormocanon&quot; ing Ormoc lan basa &quot;Albuerahanon&quot; ing [[Albuera, Leyte|Albuera]].&lt;ref name=&quot;COTFE&quot;&gt;John Kingsley Pangan, [https://ia601509.us.archive.org/33/items/ChurchOfTheFarEastPreview/Church%20of%20the%20Far%20East%20edit.pdf ''Church of the Far East''] (Makati: St. Pauls), 19.&lt;/ref&gt; Kodhe basa Cebuano iku [[ISO 639-2]] kang nganggo telung huruf '''ceb''', nanging dudu [[ISO 639-1]] kang nganggo rong huruf.

==Sebarané panyatur==
Basa Cebuano dipituturaké ing pulo-pulo kaya ta [[Cebu]] lan pulo saubengé, [[Bohol]] lan [[Siquijor]], wétan [[Negros]] (mligi saindengé [[Negros Oriental]] lan lor-wétan [[Negros Occidental]]), kidul [[Masbate]], kulon [[Leyte]], [[Biliran]], sapérangan cilik [[Samar]], lan manéka laladan ing [[Mindanao]], pulo gedhé dhéwé nomer loro safilipina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ceb&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.gutenberg.ph/previews/wolff/WCED-complete.pdf |format=PDF |title=THE CORNELL UNIVERSITY SOUTHEAST ASIA PROGRAM |website=Gutenberg.ph |accessdate=2017-05-07 |archive-date=2018-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930054015/http://www.gutenberg.ph/previews/wolff/WCED-complete.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Saliyané iku, &quot;kang dedunung ing [[Jazirah Zamboanga|Zamboanga]], [[Davao Region|Davao]], lan [[Cotabato]] uga panyatur basa Cebuano&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ceb&quot;/&gt; Sawenèh dhialèk Cebuano duwé jeneng kang rena-rena kanggo basa iki. Panyatur saka Cebu ngarani basané &quot;Cebuano&quot;, panyatur saka Bohol ngarani &quot;Boholano/Bol-anon&quot;, déné panyatur saka Leyte ngarani ''Kana'' (Cebuano Leyte utawa Leyteño). Panyatur ing [[Mindanao]] lan [[Luzon]] ngarani basané sadarma ''Binisaya'' utawa ''Bisaya''.&lt;ref name=&quot;COTFE&quot;/&gt;

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]]</text>
      <sha1>r6mgoerj3zkshchc9gpttbpa0zdo96v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Allium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>149989</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746458</id>
      <parentid>1676958</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T16:11:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746458</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6895" sha1="qh9zo9k7o85xxrj0yzdc4cqh98fp58g" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| color = lightgreen
| name = Bawang prei
| image = A.ampeloprasum_1.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = Bawang prei
| regnum = [[Plantae]]
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
| classis = [[Liliopsida]]
| ordo = [[Asparagales]]
| familia = [[Alliaceae]]
| genus = '''''Allium'''''
| binomial = ''Allium ampeloprasum''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]
| synonyms =
* ''Allium adscendens'' &lt;small&gt;Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Allium albescens'' &lt;small&gt;Guss.&lt;/small&gt;
* ''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''babingtonii'' &lt;small&gt;(Borrer) Syme&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''bertolonii'' &lt;small&gt;(De Not.) Nyman&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''bulbiferum'' &lt;small&gt;Syme&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''bulgaricum'' &lt;small&gt;Podp.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''caudatum'' &lt;small&gt;Pamp.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' subsp. ''euampeloprasum'' &lt;small&gt;Hayek&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''gasparrinii'' &lt;small&gt;(Guss.) Nyman&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''gracile'' &lt;small&gt;Cavara&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' subsp. ''halleri'' &lt;small&gt;Nyman&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''holmense'' &lt;small&gt;Asch. &amp; Graebn.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' f. ''holmense'' &lt;small&gt;(Asch. &amp; Graebn.) Holmboe&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' subsp. ''porrum'' &lt;small&gt;(L.) Hayek&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''porrum'' &lt;small&gt;(L.) J.Gay&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''pylium'' &lt;small&gt;(De Not.) Asch. &amp; Graebn.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' subsp. ''thessalum'' &lt;small&gt;(Boiss.) Nyman&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ampeloprasum'' var. ''wiedemannii'' &lt;small&gt;Regel&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium ascendens'' &lt;small&gt;Ten.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium babingtonii'' &lt;small&gt;Borrer&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium bertolonii'' &lt;small&gt;De Not.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium byzantinum'' &lt;small&gt;K.Koch&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium duriaeanum'' &lt;small&gt;Regel&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium durieuanum'' &lt;small&gt;Walp.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium gasparrinii'' &lt;small&gt;Guss.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium halleri'' &lt;small&gt;G.Don&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium holmense'' &lt;small&gt;Mill. ex Kunth&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium kurrat'' &lt;small&gt;Schweinf. ex K.Krause&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium laetum'' &lt;small&gt;Salisb.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium lineare'' &lt;small&gt;Mill.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium porraceum'' &lt;small&gt;Gray&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium porrum'' &lt;small&gt;L.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium porrum'' var. ''ampeloprasum'' &lt;small&gt;(L.) Mirb.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium porrum'' subsp. ''euampeloprasum'' &lt;small&gt;Breistr.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium porrum'' var. ''kurrat'' &lt;small&gt;(Schweinf. ex K.Krause) Seregin&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium pylium'' &lt;small&gt;De Not.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium scopulicola'' &lt;small&gt;Font Quer&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium scorodoprasum'' subsp. ''babingtonii'' &lt;small&gt;(Borrer) Nyman&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium spectabile'' &lt;small&gt;De Not.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium syriacum'' &lt;small&gt;Boiss.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Allium thessalum'' &lt;small&gt;Boiss.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Porrum amethystinum'' &lt;small&gt;Rchb.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Porrum ampeloprasum'' &lt;small&gt;(L.) Mill.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Porrum commune'' &lt;small&gt;Rchb.&lt;/small&gt;
*''Porrum sativum'' &lt;small&gt;Mill.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-294972 The Plant List]&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''Bawang prei''' (''Allium ampeloprasum'' utawi ''Allium porrum'') punika kagolong wonten ing génus ''Allium'' inggih punika kulawarga [[bawang]]. Raosipun punika mèmper kaliyan [[bawang bombai]]. Bawang prei punika kathah dipun-ginakaken wonten ing olahan [[Eropa]]. Padatanipun dipuntumis wonten ing [[mentega|mentéga]] dumugi alum sadèrèngipun dipuncampur kaliyan dhaharan sanès. Bawang prei punika kalebet komponèn ingkang wigati wonten ing [[masakan Perancis]] ing antawisipun ''vichyssoise'' (sup sedhep mawi kentang lan bawang prei) lan ugi sup [[Skotlandia]] kados déné bubur Scottish lan ''cock-a-leekie''. Bawang prei punika kalebet salah satunggaling sayuran nasional negeri [[Wales]].

== Habitat ==
''Allium ampeloprasum'' dipunwastani minangka tuwuhan asli ing kathah negara ing sakiwa tengenipun [[Laut Hitam]], [[Laut Adriatik]], lan [[Laut Tengah]] saking [[Portugal]] dumugi [[Mesir]] lan [[Rumania]]. Wonten ing [[Ruslan]] lan [[Ukraina]] dipunwastani invansif, kejawi wonten ing [[Crimea]] minangka tuwuhan asli. Ugi kalebet tuwuhan asli ing [[Etiopia]], [[Uzbekistan]], [[Iran]] lan [[Irak]]. Ugi dipunwastani alamiah wonten ing [[Britania Raya]], [[Irlandia]], [[Ceko]], [[negara-negara Baltik]], [[Bélarus]], [[Azores]], [[Madeira]], [[Canary Islands]], [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Pakistan]], [[Tiongkok]], [[Australia]] (sedaya negara bagéyan kejawi [[Queensland]] lan [[Tasmania]]), [[Mexico]], [[Dominican Republic]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Haiti]], [[Amerika Serikat]] (wewengkon kidul-wetan [[California]], [[New York]], [[Ohio]] lan [[Illinois]]), [[Galapagos|Galápagos]], sarta [[Argentina]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do;jsessionid=2AB1439588042139DAD04CC80F76A3A5?name_id=294972 |title=Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, ''Allium ampeloprasum'' |access-date=2018-01-22 |archive-date=2013-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705190542/http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;laksdf909wer9&quot;&gt;[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&amp;taxon_id=242101330 Flora of North America v 26 p 238, ''Allium ampeloprasum']&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://bonap.net/MapGallery/County/Allium%20ampeloprasum.png BONAP (Biota of North America Program) floristic synthesis, ''Allium ampeloprasum']&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&amp;taxon_id=200027520 Flora of China v 24 p 200, ''Allium porrum'']&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://luirig.altervista.org/flora/taxa/index1.php?scientific-name=allium+ampeloprasum Altervista, Schede di Botanica]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Galèri ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum).jpg|Baru berbunga
Image:Elephant Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum) 2.jpg|Berbunga penuh
File:Allium ampeloprasum MHNT.BOT.2006.46.12.jpg|Allium ampeloprasum - MHNT
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Pirsani ugi ==
* [[Ron bawang|godhong bawang]]

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njawi ==
* [http://database.prota.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?AC=QBE_QUERY&amp;BU=http%3A%2F%2Fdatabase.prota.org%2Fsearch.htm&amp;TN=PROTAB~1&amp;QB0=AND&amp;QF0=Species+Code&amp;QI0=Allium+ampeloprasum&amp;RF=Webdisplay PROTAbase on ''Allium ampeloprasum'']
* [http://guernsey.net/~cdavid/botany/files/allium%20ampeloprasum/index.html ''Allium ampeloprasum'' in Guernsey] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927230422/http://guernsey.net/~cdavid/botany/files/allium%20ampeloprasum/index.html |date=2007-09-27 }}
* [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ALAM ''Allium ampeloprasum'' in the USA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606035923/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ALAM |date=2011-06-06 }}
* [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Allium+ampeloprasum Plants For a Future database]
* [http://flora.huji.ac.il/browse.asp?action=specie&amp;specie=ALLAMP Flora of Israel Online]

[[Kategori:Sayuran]]
[[Kategori:Tuwuhan]]
[[Kategori:Allium]]</text>
      <sha1>qh9zo9k7o85xxrj0yzdc4cqh98fp58g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ali Khamenei</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>159651</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746456</id>
      <parentid>1745572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T15:56:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746456</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4865" sha1="0787tfm2rc59bumxq1pheqht7yfncys" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox_President
| name                = Ayatullah Agung Ali Khamenei &lt;br&gt;   علی حسینی خامنه‌ای&lt;br&gt;ꦄꦪꦠꦸꦭꦺꦴꦃꦄꦒꦸꦁꦄꦭꦶꦏ꦳ꦩꦼꦤꦶ
| caption             = Potret taun 2017
| image               = Ali Khamenei Nowruz message official portrait 1397 02.jpg
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1939|4|19}}
| birth_place         = [[Masyhad]], [[Provinsi Razavi Khorasan]], [[Iran]]
| death_date          = {{death date and age|2026|2|28|1939|4|19}}
| death_place         = [[Teheran]], Iran
| order               = [[Pemimpin Agung Iran]] ke-2
| term_start          = [[4 Juni]] [[1989]]
| term_end            = [[28 Fèbruari]] [[2026]]
| leader              = 
| vicepresident       = 
| predecessor         = [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]
| successor           = [[Mojtaba Khamenei]]
| party               = (1) [[Asosiasi Ulama Militan]] &lt;br /&gt; (2) [[Partai Republik Islam]]
| religion            = [[Islam]] [[Syiah]]
| Wife                = [[Mansoureh Khojasteh Bagherzadeh]]
| wife                = [[Mansoureh Khojasteh Bagherzadeh]]
}}

Ayatullah '''Sayyid Ali Khamenei''' (Basa Pèrsi: آیت‌الله سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای) (19 April 1939 - 28 Fèbruari 2026) iku Marja Syi'ah lan pimpinan kapindho Républik Islam Iran.  Miturut Artikel 107 lan 110 Konstitusi [[Iran|Republik Islam Iran]], dhèwèké minangka pejabat dhuwur dhéwé ing negara kuwi lan Panglima Angkatan Bersenjata. Dhèwèké uga dadi Imam Sholat Jum'at Tehran lan direktur Yayasan Ensiklopedia Islam.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ائمه جمعه تهران؛ از حضوری ۳ هفته‌ای تا ۴۲۴ حضور {{!}} خبرگزاری فارس|url=https://www.farsnews.ir/news/13920506001062/%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D9%87-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C-%DB%B3-%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D8%A7-%DB%B4%DB%B2%DB%B4-%D8%AD%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B1|website=www.farsnews.ir|access-date=2021-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Khamenei lumebu seminari sawisé ngrampungaké pendhidhikan dhasar.  Dhèwèké nerusaké pendhidhikan klasik nganti taun kapindho SMA.  Piyambakipun pikantuk pendidikan seminari ing seminari Masyhad, Najaf lan Qom. Nalika isih enom, Khamenei kenal karo Navvab Safavi, pangadeg lan pimpinan komunitas Fedaiyan Islam. Miturut dhèwèké , Navvab Safavi nggawe semangat revolusioner Islam pisanan ing dhèwèké. Ing taun 1336, dhèwèké ketemu Sayyid Ruhollah Khomeini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-02-11|title=نگاهی گذرا به زندگینامه‌ی حضرت آیت‌ الله‌العظمی سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای :: Leader.ir|url=http://www.leader.ir/fa/biography|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-12-27|archive-date=2017-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080319/http://www.leader.ir/fa/biography|url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt; Patemon lan ketemu Khomeini nguwataké semangat revolusioner Khamenei. Selaras karo tujuan gerakan Khomeini, dhèwèké nerusake aktivitase nglawan papréntahan Pahlavi, lan sajrone perjuangan iki, papréntahan Pahlavi nangkep dhèwèké kaping enem. Ing taun 1977, gendarmerie ngusir dhèwèké menyang Iransyahr suwene telung taun, nalika bali menyang Teheran ing taun 1978, nalika protes populer. Sawise Revolusi Iran taun 1978, Khamenei dadi anggota Dewan Revolusioner, Imam Sholat Jum'at Tehran, lan Wakil Menteri Pertahanan. Sawisé iku, dhèwèké dadi wakil Teheran ing Majelis Permusyawaratan Islam kanggo siji mangsa lan Presiden Iran kanggo rong periode. Sawise Ruhollah Khomeini tilar donya ing taun 1989, Majelis Ahli milih dhèwèké dadi pimpinan nomer loro ing Iran.  Wiwit taun 1373, dhèwèké diwara-warakaké minangka salah sawijining Marja Syiah sing ditampa dening komunitas guru seminari Qom.  Majalah Forbes peringkat Khamenei 18th ing dhaptar wong paling kuat ing donya ing 2015.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The World's Most Powerful People|url=https://www.forbes.com/powerful-people/list/|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=2021-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gugur ==
Ayatollah Agung Ali Khamenei séda sawise daleme dibom sajroning serangan Israel lan Amerika 2026 ing Dina Setu, 28 Fèbruari 2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/articles/cn5g1v6g7w2o|title=Pemimpin Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, wafat dalam serangan AS dan Israel|date=2026-02-28|website=BBC News Indonesia|language=id|access-date=2026-03-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==

* [http://www.leader.ir Supreme Leader]
* [http://www.khamenei.ir Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005150854/http://www.khamenei.ir/ |date=2020-10-05 }}
* [http://www.khamenei.de Imam Khamenei]
{{Commonscat|Ali Khamenei}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Khamenei, Ali}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1939]]
[[Kategori:Pati 2026]]</text>
      <sha1>0787tfm2rc59bumxq1pheqht7yfncys</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bondho Nekat</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>163677</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746502</id>
      <parentid>1730509</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T06:32:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746502</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6855" sha1="493g5kxbe8uj78x4h1628ovxm264xt3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox suporter sepakbola|name=Bondho Nekat|nickname=&lt;!-- Panggilan --&gt;|abbreviation=Bonek|image=[[Berkas:Logo Bonek.jpeg|150px]]|founded=|established=1988|type=Suporter klub sepak bola|team=|club=[[Persebaya Surabaya]]|motto=Salam satu nyali, Wani!|location=[[Surabaya]], [[Jawa Timur]]|headquarters=|arena=|stadium=[[Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo]]|stand=All tribun|coordinates=|leader_name=-|key_people=[[Dahlan Iskan]]|membership=|sub_group=*Arek Bonek 1927
*Green Nord 27
* Tribun Timur
* Tribun Kidul
* Arek Gate 21|colors=Hijau|colours=|affiliations=[[Bobotoh]]|website=}} Istilah '''Bonèk''' yaiku akronim basa [[Basa Jawa|Jawa]] saka ''Bondho Nékat'' (Bondho lan Nékat) diutus kanggo panyengkuyung [[Persebaya Surabaya|tim Persébaya]] . Ing awal 2017 manajemen anyar [[Persebaya Surabaya|Persébaya Surabaya]] liwat présiden klub Azrul Ananda nyoba ngilangi stigma nègatif Bonèk sing dikenal nganti saiki kanthi menèhi tembung 'kréatif' tambahan supaya Bonèk saiki dikenal minangka ''Bondo, Nékat &amp; Kréatif'' .&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.jawapos.com/sepak-bola/sepak-bola-indonesia/21/03/2017/bonek-bondo-nekat-dan-kreatif/ ''Bonek bertransformasi menjadi Bondo, Nekat &amp; Kreatif''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716215741/https://www.jawapos.com/sepak-bola/sepak-bola-indonesia/21/03/2017/bonek-bondo-nekat-dan-kreatif/ |date=2022-07-16 }}. Jawapos.com. 21 Maret 2017. Diakses tanggal 5/10/2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

Bonèk uga duwé klompok panyengkuyung wanita sing biasané diarani Bonita (Wanita Bonèk) lan panyengkuyung Bonèk duwé slogan utawa salam sing mesthi diucapaké nalika ketemu karo kanca-kancané yaiku ''&quot;Salam Satu Nyali&quot;'' lan mangsuli kanthi &quot;WANI! ! ! &quot;

== Mars ==
[[Berkas:(Lirik) Mars Bonek - Persebaya Surabaya Chants.ogg|pus]]
Minangka klompok dhukungan sing gedhé, Bonèk uga duwé musik Mars utawa lagu sing nyengkuyung kanthi jeneng '''Mars Bonèk''' sing mesthi dinyanyèkna nalika ndhukung tim Persébaya.

== Sejarah ==
Istilah ''Bonèk pertama'' kali digawé dening Jawa Pos ''Morning Daily'' ing taun [[1989]] &lt;ref&gt;[https://historia.id/olahraga/articles/salam-satu-nyali-wani-vJNEJ ''Asal usul sebutan Bonek''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915151541/https://historia.id/olahraga/articles/salam-satu-nyali-wani-vJNEJ |date=2022-09-15 }}. Historia.id. Diakses tanggal 5/10/2019.&lt;/ref&gt; kanggo njlèntrèhaké fènomèna panyengkuyung [[Persebaya Surabaya|Persébaya Surabaya sing akèh banget]] menyang Jakarta. Cara tradisional, Bonèk minangka pendukung pertama ing Indonesia sing nggambaraké fènomèna penyengkuyung ''adoh'' ( ''pendukung'' bal-balan sing mèlu tim bangga kanggo bersaing ing kutha liyané) kaya ta ing Eropa, nalika sadurungé durung ana panyengkuyung sing banget diatur kaya Bonèk.&lt;ref&gt;[https://emosijiwaku.com/2016/05/08/tradisi-tret-tet-tet-bonek-jadi-pionir-awaydays-suporter-di-indonesia/ ''Bonek pionir awaydays suporter di Indonesia'']. Emosijiwaku.com. 8 Mei 2016. Diakses tanggal 5/10/2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Ing pangembangan, dadi ''adoh panyengkuyung'' uga disertai adu aksi karo pendukung tim lawan. Ora ana sing ngerti manawa wiwitané Bonèk dadi radikal lan anarkis . Yèn ngrujuk ing taun 1988, nalika 25 èwu Bonèk budhal saka Surabaya menyang Jakarta kanggo ndeleng final [[Persebaya Surabaya|Persébaya]] vs. [[Persija Jakarta|Persija]], durung ana kekacauan. Bonèk uga duwé hubungan apik banget karo Viking Persib Club, panyengkuyung saka klub [[Persib Bandung]] .

Kanggo umumé wong, Bonèk cenderung nduwé cathètan négatif yèn dideleng saka crita kepungkur. Nanging kanthi suwé, alon-alon Bonèk nuduhaké kadéwasan kanggo ndhukung klub bangga kanthi cara sing teratur, teratur, kompak lan dudu anarkis. Ora mung bocah enom, saka bocah cilik, kanggo wong tuwa, loro lanang lan wadon bisa ndeleng klub kasebut saingan. Iki nuduhaké stigma Bonèk sing apik lan apik. Anané Bonèk ora mung ing Surabaya, nanging uga ana ing sawetara wilayah ing Indonésia lan uga ing luar negeri. Klompok panyengkuyung iki misuwur amarga kesetiaan ndhukung tim favorit kanthi mesthi nggawa èwu panyengkuyung ing endi waé klub padha bersaing. Malah nalika dualisme Persébaya Surabaya sing kedadèyan ing antarané taun 2010 lan 2017, Bonék nyèlèhaké awaké ing ngarep minangka simbol ''resistance'' kanggo apa sing diarani minangka [[Persebaya Surabaya|buruan]] tim [[Persebaya Surabaya|Persébaya Surabaya]] .&lt;ref&gt;[https://emosijiwaku.com/2017/01/16/selayang-pandang-kisah-perjuangan-heroik-bonek-membela-persebaya/ ''Kisah heroik perjuangan Bonek membela Persebaya'']. Emosijiwaku.com. 16 Januari 2017. Diakses tanggal 5/10/2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Persaingan ==
{{lihat|Super Derbi Jawa Timur}} Èwonan Bonèk mesthi ngrampungaké stadion nalika Persébaya bersaing utamané yèn pertandingan mèlu tim serikat akèh kaya ta pertandhingan [[Persib Bandung]], [[Persija Jakarta]], [[PSIS Semarang]], [[PSM Makassar]] uga nglawan Madura United sing luwih adhédhasar jarak geografis lan budaya. Nanging ing antarané pertandhingan gedhé kasebut ana siji pertandhingan sing nyengkuyung dhukungan paling èmosional lan èmosi saka kaloroné tim, pertandingan nglawan [[Arema|Arema FC]], pertandingan sing diarani Super Derbi of East East dikenal minangka salah sawijining pertandhingan sing paling panas ing Indonésia. Malah swasana panas sing dirasakaké sadurungé gamé nganti pungkasan pertandingan lan puluhan èwu tikèt sing didol ''online'' mung sawetara menit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://m.detik.com/news/berita-jawa-timur/d-4502794/50-ribu-tiket-persebaya-vs-arema-fc-ludes-dalam-11-menit ''50 ribu tiket Persebaya vs. Arema ludes terjual hanya 11 menit'']{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Detik.com. Diakses tanggal 5/10/2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Deleng uga ==

* Super Derbi Jawa Timur

== Cathetan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Link njaba ==

* {{Id icon}} [https://historia.id/olahraga/articles/bonek-dan-stigma-kekerasan-suporter-fanatik-vYEnN Bonek lan stigma kekerasan suporter suporter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517010735/https://historia.id/olahraga/articles/bonek-dan-stigma-kekerasan-suporter-fanatik-vYEnN |date=2019-05-17 }} 
* {{Id icon}} [https://historia.id/olahraga/articles/salam-satu-nyali-wani-vJNEJ Salam, Wani!] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220915151541/https://historia.id/olahraga/articles/salam-satu-nyali-wani-vJNEJ |date=2022-09-15 }} 
* {{Id icon}} [https://greennord27.com/ Green Nord 27] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405144433/https://greennord27.com/ |date=2019-04-05 }} (klompok dhukungan). 
* {{Id icon}} [https://tribunkidul.com/ Tribune Kidul Suroboyo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517010742/https://tribunkidul.com/ |date=2019-05-17 }} (sub grup panyengkuyung).

[[Kategori:Kaca sing nganggo sintaksis gambar lawas]]</text>
      <sha1>493g5kxbe8uj78x4h1628ovxm264xt3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Blini</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>170049</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746496</id>
      <parentid>1560253</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T05:49:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746496</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2732" sha1="o91isjggacxghcsnj166mqibwntgwaa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food|name=Blini|image=Blini Tanya.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=Blini ing piring|alternate_name=Blin, bliny, blintchik, mlynchyky, mlynets'|country=Russia, Ukraine, Bélarus|region=|creator=|course=|type=[[Pancake]]|served=|main_ingredient=[[Glepung]], [[Endhog]], [[Susu]]|variations=|calories=|other=|cookbook=Bliny}} '''Blini''' (kadhang disebutaké '''bliny''' ) ( [[Basa Ruslan|Ruslan]] : блины pl., Diminutive : блинчики, ''blinchiki'' ) ( Ukrainia : млинці, налисники pl., Diminutive: млинчики, mlynchiki) utawa, kadhang, '''blin''' (luwih akurat minangka bentuk tunggal tembung ), yaiku [[Kuwé dhadhar|pancaké]] [[Ruslan]] lan [[Ukraina|Ukrainia kanthi]] tradisional digawé saka gandum utawa (luwih jarang) glepung lan disaji nganggo [[Smetana (produk susu)|smetana]], [[Quark (produk susu)|tvorog]], [[Mertéga|butter]], [[Kaviar|caviar]] lan isèn. Blini minangka panganan sing paling kawentar lan paling misuwur ing Ruslan.

Ing Kulon, istilah blini kanthi tradisional nuduhaké lempeng gandum cilik (2-4 inci) sing digawé karo adonan ragi. Ing basa Ruslan lan Ukrainia modern, jejuluk sing paling asring nuduhaké pancaké tipis sak ukuran panci, sanajan tambahan ragi sing luwih sithik uga diarani blini lan luwih umum sejarah.

Sawétara kamus Inggris nyathet piguna wujud ''blin'' minangka tunggal lan ''blini'' utawa ''bliny'' minangka jamak, sing cocog karo bentuk Ruslan sing asli, nanging kamus liyané nganggep panggunaan iki arang banget ing basa Inggris sing ora nyebutaké ''blin'' ing kabèh lan mung nyathet modern sing nyebar. panggunaan ''blini'' biasa kanggo tunggal lan ''blinis'' kanggo jamak.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.macmillandictionary.com/dictionary/british/blini|title=blini definition and synonyms|date=2016-12-09|publisher=Macmillan Dictionary|access-date=2017-01-06}}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sawétara buku masak lan restoran nggunakaké ''blin'' lan ''blintchick'' kaya ing basa Ruslan kanggo ngrujuk [[crêpe]]s . 
[[Gambar:50 блінкоў на талерцы 240 мм.jpg|jmpl|Lembaran blini]]
Blintzes minangka salah sawijining blin (blin utawa variasi) saka blini. Olahan kasebut pancen lempeng tipis biasané digawé glepung gandum (ora soba), dibungkus kanggo mbungkus (kaya kanggo keju utawa woh) banjur diopen utawa dibakar.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/blintze|title=blintze {{!}} a thin usually wheat-flour pancake folded to form a casing (as for cheese or fruit) and then sautéed or baked|website=Merriam-webster.com|access-date=2015-08-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kapustakan ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:Panganan]]
[[Kategori:Olah-olahan Éropa]]</text>
      <sha1>o91isjggacxghcsnj166mqibwntgwaa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aprapransa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>171067</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746461</id>
      <parentid>1731572</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T18:57:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746461</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2836" sha1="3x2o95abj8t7uvs4af5sc15e77yzx0l" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox prepared food|name=Aprapransa|image=Aprapransa.jpg|caption=Aprapransa garnished with crabs|alternate_name=|country=[[Ghana]]|creator=GaDangme people|course=|served=Hot|main_ingredient=Corn dough, beans, onion, tomatoes, fermented salted fish, smoked fish, palm oil, pepper, salt and crab|variations=|calories=|other=}}

'''Aprapransa''' minangka panganan lokal kanggo masarakat saka tlatah Greater Accra, Ghana . &lt;ref name=&quot;Partner&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/food-travel/efie-aduane-series-aprapransa-from-the-eastern-region-id5185910.html|title=Efie Aduane Series: Aprapransa from the Eastern Region|last=Partner|first=Content|access-date=2018-09-17|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702131609/http://www.pulse.com.gh/lifestyle/food-travel/efie-aduane-series-aprapransa-from-the-eastern-region-id5185910.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Intine digawe saka glepung jagung panggang, kacang buncis sing dimasak lan bahan liyane (bawang, tomat, iwak asin fermentasi, iwak keluk, minyak sawit, mrico, uyah lan kepiting). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/English/Ghana%20English%20dictionary.pdf|title=Ghana English Dictionary|website=www.google.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-17|archive-date=2019-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713191001/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/English/Ghana%20English%20dictionary.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.ghafla.com/gh/4-dishes-akan-tribe-enjoys/|title=Four (4) Dishes Enjoyed Most By The Akan Tribe In Ghana|last=Agyare|first=Peace|work=Ghafla! Ghana|access-date=2018-09-17|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-08-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822051301/http://www.ghafla.com/gh/4-dishes-akan-tribe-enjoys/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Minangka panganan sing disedhiyakake ing acara-acara mligi lan dikuwatirake bakal punah. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://omgvoice.com/food/delicious-bowls-aprapransa|title=17 Bowls Of Aprapransa That Will Make You Run To That Chop Bar Now|date=2017-02-09|work=OMGVoice.com|access-date=2018-09-17}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/lifestyle/how-to-prepare-aprapransa.html|title=How to prepare Aprapransa|last=Afful|first=Maame Aba|work=Primenewsghana.com|access-date=2018-09-17|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201804/348850.php?storyid=100&amp;|title=Five Ghanaian Meals That May Be Going Extinct|last=Online|first=Peace FM|access-date=2018-09-17|archive-date=2018-04-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411215506/http://peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/201804/348850.php?storyid=100&amp;|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==</text>
      <sha1>3x2o95abj8t7uvs4af5sc15e77yzx0l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Budae-jjigae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172247</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746510</id>
      <parentid>1616229</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T07:45:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746510</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3498" sha1="hednw1pljc47td3mpe9403bwra63250" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food|name=''Budae-jjigae''|served=|similar_dish=|glycemic_index=|carbohydrate=|fat=|protein=|calories=|serving_size=100 g|variations=|minor_ingredient=|main_ingredient=[[Ham]], [[hot dog]]s, [[Spam (food)|Spam]], [[baked beans]], [[kimchi]], [[gochujang]]|course=|image=Korean.cuisine-Budae.jjigae-01.jpg|type=''[[Jjigae]]''|maxtime=|mintime=|year=1954|creator=Ho Gi-suk|national_cuisine=[[Korean cuisine]]|region=[[Uijeongbu]]|country=[[South Korea]] (with [[United States|American]] influence)|alternate_name=Sausage stew|caption=|other=}}{{Infobox Korean name|title=Korean name|hangul={{lang|ko|부대찌개}}|hanja={{lang|ko-Hant|部隊--}}|rr=budae-jjigae|mr=pudae-tchigae}}
[[Barkas:Budae-jjigae_1.jpg|jmpl|''Budae-jrigae'' sadurunge nggodhok]]
'''''Budae-jrigae''''' ( {{Korean|hangul=부대찌개}} ; secara harfiah &quot;godhogan pangkalan tentara&quot;) utawa '''rebus sosis''' '''pedhes''' minangka jinis ''Jagigae'' (rebus), digawe nganggo [[ham]], [[sosis]], spam, [[kacang panggang]], [[kimchi]] lan [[gochujang]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;NIKL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/common/download.do?file_path=notice&amp;c_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf&amp;o_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf|title=주요 한식명(200개) 로마자 표기 및 번역(영, 중, 일) 표준안|last=National Institute of Korean Language|date=30 Juli 2014|language=ko|format=PDF|access-date=19 Fèbruari 2017&lt;!-- deprecated [[en:Template:Cite web#Lay summary]] |lay-url=http://www.korean.go.kr/front/board/boardStandardView.do?board_id=4&amp;mn_id=17&amp;b_seq=1465|lay-source=[[National Institute of Korean Language]] --&gt;|archive-date=2017-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215025423/http://www.korean.go.kr/common/download.do?file_path=notice&amp;c_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf&amp;o_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Piring kasebut digawe ora suwe sawise gencatan senjata sing mungkasi Perang [[Perang Korea|Korea]], nggunakake panganan surplus utawa smuggled saka pangkalan tentara AS . &lt;ref name=&quot;Cho&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://contexts.org/articles/eating-military-base-stew/|title=Eating military base stew|last=Cho|first=Grace M.|date=22 Agustus 2014|work=[[Contexts]]|access-date=29 Mèi 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanajan panganan kasebut lair ing jaman kemlaratan pasca perang, bahan kasebut terus populer sajrone periode pertumbuhan cepet, lan saiki isih misuwur. Ana akeh restoran sing mligine ing ''budae-jjigae'' ; sing paling misuwur ing dalan ''budae-jjigae'' ing Uijeongbu, ing endi sajian kasebut digawe kaping pisanan. Sajian kasebut saiki dadi ''anju'' (iringan minuman beralkohol) lan barang mangan siang ing lingkungan perguruan tinggi. &lt;ref name=&quot;West&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2016/jun/19/south-korea-foodie-spam-stew-seoul|title=Gettin' jjigae with spam: a US/South Korean fusion|last=West|first=Da-Hae|date=19 Juni 2016|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=29 Mèi 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Referensi ==</text>
      <sha1>hednw1pljc47td3mpe9403bwra63250</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bokkeum-bap</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172648</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746501</id>
      <parentid>1616228</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T06:18:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746501</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2374" sha1="r72ygedhmr28zb5f755s9a6cckcnbnm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food|name=''Bokkeum-bap''|served=|similar_dish=''[[Chahan (food)|Chāhan]]'', ''[[chǎofàn]]'', ''[[khao phat]]'', ''[[nasi goreng]]''|glycemic_index=|carbohydrate=|fat=|protein=|calories=|serving_size=100 g|variations=''[[Kimchi-bokkeum-bap]]'' (kimchi fried rice)|minor_ingredient=|main_ingredient=''[[Bap (food)|Bap]]'' (cooked rice)|course=|image=Bokkeum-bap.jpg|type=''[[Bokkeum]]'' (stir-fried dish)&lt;br /&gt;[[Fried rice]]|maxtime=|mintime=|year=|creator=|national_cuisine=[[Korean cuisine|Korean]]|region=|country=[[Korean Peninsula|Korea]]|alternate_name=Fried rice|caption=|other=}}'''''Bokkeum-bap''''' ( {{Korean|hangul=볶음밥}} ) utawa '''nasi goreng''' minangka sawijining panganan Korea sing digawe nganggo ''[[Bap (panganan)|bap]]'' tumis (nasi sing wis mateng) karo bahan liyane ing minyak. &lt;ref name=&quot;NIKL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/common/download.do?file_path=notice&amp;c_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf&amp;o_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf|title=주요 한식명(200개) 로마자 표기 및 번역(영, 중, 일) 표준안|last=National Institute of Korean Language|date=30 Juli 2014|language=ko|format=PDF|access-date=27 Fèbruari 2017&lt;!-- deprecated [[en:Template:Cite web#Lay summary]] |lay-url=http://www.korean.go.kr/front/board/boardStandardView.do?board_id=4&amp;mn_id=17&amp;b_seq=1465|lay-source=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]--&gt;|archive-date=2017-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215025423/http://www.korean.go.kr/common/download.do?file_path=notice&amp;c_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf&amp;o_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jeneng bahan sing paling misuwur kajaba nasi sing masak asring katon ing sisih ngarep jeneng sajian, kayata ing ''[[Sega gorèng kimchi|kimchi-bokkeum-bap]]'' (sega goreng kimchi).

== Rujukan￼ ==</text>
      <sha1>r72ygedhmr28zb5f755s9a6cckcnbnm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Babat</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>173477</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746467</id>
      <parentid>1540302</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T21:57:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746467</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1769" sha1="5fifw4dud4wj7hfvrabh8dxnrhv1c59" xml:space="preserve">
[[Barkas:Trippa.jpg|jmpl|300x300px| Tripe ing pasar Italia]]
'''Tripe''' minangka jinis lapisan sing bisa dipangan saka [[Lambung|weteng]] saka macem-macem kewan tani . Umume tripe yaiku [[sapi]] lan [[Wedhus gèmbèl|wedhus]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.epodismo.com/100pelli/100p025i.htm|title=Troppa Trippa|year=1998|website=History of tripe, worldwide tripe recipes|publisher=Neri Editore, Firenze|access-date=21 July 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tripemarketingboard.co.uk|title=The Tripe Marketing Board (UK)}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;IntrotoPoetry&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=http://search.barnesandnoble.com/A-Childs-Introduction-to-Poetry/Michael-Driscoll/e/9781579122829|title=A Child's Introduction Poetry|last=Driscoll|first=Michael|last2=Meredith Hamiltion|last3=Marie Coons|date=May 2003|publisher=Black Dog &amp; Leventhal Publishers|isbn=978-1-57912-282-9|location=151 West 19th Street New York, NY 10011|page=12|access-date=2020-11-18|archive-date=2008-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201191730/http://search.barnesandnoble.com/A-Childs-Introduction-to-Poetry/Michael-Driscoll/e/9781579122829|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dina Tripe Donya dirayakake tanggal 24 Oktober, miturut [[Papan Pemasaran Tripe]], amarga ing taun 1662, [[Samuel Pepys]] nulis dina kasebut &quot;Dadi omah lan mangan ing kana karo bojoku nalika plancongan paling apik kanggo arahanku dhewe.&quot; 

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-41734108|title=World Tripe Day: Can we fall in love with tripe again?|date=24 October 2017|access-date=20 July 2019|publisher=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Barkas:Gulai_babat.JPG|jmpl| ''[[Gulé|Gulai]] babat'', tripe disiapake nganggo kari]]
[[Barkas:Soto_Babat_2.jpg|jmpl| ''[[Soto|Soto babat]]'', sup tripe pedhes]]

== Referensi ==</text>
      <sha1>5fifw4dud4wj7hfvrabh8dxnrhv1c59</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Barmbrack</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>176024</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746483</id>
      <parentid>1550655</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T01:09:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746483</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3066" sha1="2vhzxhk1w32npv37d1n9qg84gkihjmz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food|name=Barmbrack|image=Barmbrack.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=Two [[loaves]] of barmbrack|alternate_name=Báirín Breac, Boreen brack, Bawreen brack|country=[[Ireland]]|region=|creator=|course=|type=Sweet [[bread]]|served=|main_ingredient=Flour, [[Sultana (grape)|sultanas]], [[raisin]]s|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''Barmbrack''' (basa {{Lang-ga|bairín breac}}   &lt;ref name=&quot;tearma&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tearma.ie/Search.aspx?term=Barmbrack|title=barm brack|website=téarma.ie – Dictionary of Irish Terms|publisher=[[Foras na Gaeilge]] and [[Dublin City University]]|access-date=18 Nov 2016|archive-date=24 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524164048/https://www.tearma.ie/q/Barmbrack/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ), uga asring disingkat dadi '''brack''', minangka [[roti]] [[Khamir|cepet]] kanthi sultanas lan [[Kismis|kismis sing]] ditambahake. &lt;ref name=&quot;darina&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Irish Traditional Cooking|last=Allen, Darina|publisher=Gill and Macmillan|year=2012|isbn=9780717154364|location=Dublin|page=278}}&lt;/ref&gt; Roti kasebut digandhengake karo [[Halloween]] ing Irlandia, ing endi barang (asring dering) dilebokake ing njeron roti, karo wong sing nampani dianggep begja. &lt;ref name=&quot;BB&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishcentral.com/culture/craic/top-irish-halloween-memories-traditions|title=Top ten Irish Halloween traditions and memories you may share|access-date=16 November 2018|agency=Ireland Central}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Biasane didol ing babak rata, asring [[Roti panggang|dipanggang]] karo [[Mertéga|mentega]] bebarengan karo tuwung [[Tèh|teh]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://foodandwine.ie/features/eating-for-samhain-barmbrack|title=Eating For Samhain: Barmbrack|last=Mooney|first=Jordan|website=FOOD AND WINE|language=en|access-date=2020-10-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Adhonan|Adonan]] luwih legi tinimbang [[Lapis roti|roti isi sandwich]], nanging ora kaya [[Bolu|jajan]], lan sultanas lan kismis nambah rasa lan tekstur kanggo produk pungkasan. Ing resep-resep, woh-wohan sing dikeringake direndhem sewengi ing teh adhem utawa wiski. 

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/food/arid-40064003.html|title=Top eight: The best barmbracks for Halloween|last=Crowley|first=Roz|date=2020-10-14|website=Irish Examiner|language=en|access-date=2020-10-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/lifestyle/food/arid-40064588.html|title=Three of our all-time favourite barmbrack recipes|date=2020-10-14|website=Irish Examiner|language=en|access-date=2020-10-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/life/food-drink/table-talk/irish-halloween-food-traditions-where-did-barmbrack-get-its-name-and-why-is-champ-important-37453192.html|title=Irish Halloween food traditions: Where did barmbrack get its name, and why is champ important?|last=McGuinness|first=Katy|date=2018-10-27|website=Irish Independent|language=en|access-date=2020-10-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Barkas:Commercial_Barmbrack.jpg|jmpl| Barmbrack komersial nuduhake cincin sing ditemokake ing njero]]

== Referensi ==</text>
      <sha1>2vhzxhk1w32npv37d1n9qg84gkihjmz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Andong jjimdak</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>177025</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746459</id>
      <parentid>1554017</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T17:18:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746459</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1357" sha1="gvzvn4ln0n4ed315vmgoigd2tqrys26" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food|name=Andong-jjimdak|image=Andong-jjimdak.jpg|caption=|alternate_name=|country=[[Korea]]|region=|national_cuisine=|creator=&lt;!-- or | creators = --&gt;|course=|served=|main_ingredient=[[Chicken as food|Chicken]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}'''Andong-jrimdak''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/front/roman/romanView.do?roman_seq=11856&amp;mn_id=98|title=안동찜닭|website=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]|access-date=2017-02-12}}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ( {{Korean|hangul=안동찜닭}} ) yaiku salah sawijining olahan arupa macem-macem jinis ''[[Jjim|jim]]'' (sajian kukus utawa rebus Korea), sing asale saka kutha Andong, Provinsi Gyeongsangbuk-do lan digawe karo pitik, macem-macem sayuran sing [[Marinasi|diasinake]] ing ''saos adhedhasar ganjang'' ( [[Kécap|kecap Korea]] ). Jeneng kasebut tegese &quot;pitik kukus Andong.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://english.tour2korea.com/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?gotoPage=2&amp;cid=262742|title=Genuine and Timeless Treasures in Confucian Country|publisher=[[Korea Tourism Organization]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630063536/http://english.tour2korea.com/enu/SI/SI_EN_3_6.jsp?gotoPage=2&amp;cid=262742|archive-date=2012-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Rujukan ==
[[Barkas:Korean_cuisine-Andong_jjimdak-01.jpg|jmpl| ''Sepiring Andong-jrimdak'']]</text>
      <sha1>gvzvn4ln0n4ed315vmgoigd2tqrys26</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Burger kebo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>177293</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746517</id>
      <parentid>1554788</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T08:40:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746517</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4068" sha1="3euoglg68sgvlhvjltckivnlid19hxp" xml:space="preserve">
[[Barkas:Black_Buffalo_Burger_and_fries_-_Black_Sheep_Lodge,_Austin,_Texas.jpg|jmpl| Burger kebo lan [[Tela gorèng|kentang goreng]]]]
[[Barkas:Frozen_buffalo_burger_patties.jpg|jmpl| Gorengan burger kebo beku]]
'''Buffalo burger minangka''' [[Hamburger|hamburger sing]] digawe daging saka [[kebo]], daging sapi utawa [[Bison Amérika|bison Amerika]] ( ''bison bison'' ). &lt;ref name=&quot;DNBUF&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/buffalo-meat-comeback-article-1.838183|title=Buffalo Meat Makes Comeback|last=Sheridan|first=Dick|date=15 June 1999|work=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|access-date=25 November 2011|location=New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Panulis Dan O'Brien ujar manawa daging kebo iku legi lan lembut lan rasane unik. Dheweke uga ujar manawa kudu nyiyapake kanthi tliti kaya iwak seger. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PeWosucOVokC&amp;pg=PTA90|title=Buffalo for the Broken Heart: Restoring Life to a Black Hills Ranch|last=O'Brien|first=Dan|publisher=Random House|year=2002|isbn=978-0-375-76139-3|location=New York|page=181|access-date=25 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majalah ''[[Kesehatan Wanita (majalah)|Kesehatan Wanita]]'' ujar manawa rasane burger daging sapi lan burger kebo meh ora bisa dibedakake, nanging burger kebo rada legi lan luwih lembut. Biasane regane luwih akeh tinimbang daging sapi. &lt;ref name=&quot;Women2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kaddy|first=Matthew|date=June 2006|others=Sarah Breakridge (recipes) and Jim Franco (photographs)|title=Bust Out of a Food Rut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cUDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA97|journal=[[Women's Health (magazine)|Women's Health]]|access-date=25 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nutrisi ==
Buffalo burger duwe [[kolesterol]] kurang, kurang [[Gajih|lemak]], lan kurang energi tinimbang burger sing digawe saka daging sapi utawa pitik. Asosiasi Jantung Amerika nyaranake burger kerbau ing taun 1997 luwih sehat tinimbang daging pitik utawa daging sapi. &lt;ref name=&quot;New&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Duffy|first=Gillian|date=June 23–30, 1997|title=Where's The Beef?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sOgCAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA98|journal=[[New York (magazine)|New York]]|page=99|access-date=25 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Burger iki akeh nutrisi kayata [[Protéin|protein]], [[Sèng|seng]], lan [[Vitamin b12|vitamin B12]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Women&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kaddy|first=Matthew|date=June 2006|others=Sarah Breakridge (recipes) and Jim Franco (photographs)|title=Bust Out of a Food Rut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1cUDAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA97|journal=[[Women's Health (magazine)|Women's Health]]|access-date=25 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Buffalo burger luwih sehat tinimbang daging sapi amarga bison ora nyimpen lemu kaya sapi. Daging daging kebo {{Convert|3|oz|g|abbr=off|order=flip|adj=on}} {{Convert|93|kcal|kJ|abbr=off|order=flip}} lan 1,8&amp;nbsp;g lemak dibandhingake {{Convert|183|kcal|kJ|abbr=on|order=flip}} lan 8,7&amp;nbsp;g lemak ing porsi sing padha karo daging sapi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=McKibbin|first=Amy|last2=Beth Morrison|date=April 1995|title=Roaming an Altogether Different Range|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1_0DAAAAMBAJ&amp;pg=PA16|journal=Orange Coast|volume=21|issue=4|access-date=25 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Resep kanggo burger kebo sederhana didhaptar ing ''Chow Otot Kesehatan Pria'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k6Wj4V-BKocC&amp;pg=PA70|title=Men's Health Muscle Chow: More Than 150 Easy-to-Follow Recipes to Burn Fat and Feed Your Muscles|last=Aveden|first=Gregg|publisher=Rodale|year=2007|isbn=978-1-59486-548-0|location=New York|page=70|access-date=25 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Majalah ''EatingWell ngasilake'' resep burger kebo sing kurang kolesterol lan kalsium akeh. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.eatingwell.com/recipes/smoky_buffalo_burger.html|title=Smoky Buffalo Burger|date=May–June 2008|website=EatingWell|access-date=25 November 2011|archive-date=17 September 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917024936/http://www.eatingwell.com/recipes/smoky_buffalo_burger.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referensi ==

[[Kategori:Bison]]</text>
      <sha1>3euoglg68sgvlhvjltckivnlid19hxp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Baechu-kimchi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>177406</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746469</id>
      <parentid>1675657</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T22:33:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746469</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6798" sha1="hdk20zv9qzuxjy30m0fxknvrlh89mhf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food|image=Korean Gimchi01.jpg|caption=|country=[[Korea]]|creator=|course=''[[Banchan]]'' (side dish)|served={{Convert|4-10|C}}|main_ingredient=[[Napa cabbage]]|variations=|calories=19|other=}}'''''Baechu-kimchi''''' ( {{Korean|hangul=배추김치}} ), diterjemahake minangka '''kimchi gobis''' utawa mung '''kimchi''' minangka ''[[Banchan|bancan]]'' klasik (sajian sisih) ing [[Olahan Koréa|masakan Korea]] [[Sawi putih|, digawe nganggo gobis napa]] asin, bumbu, lan fermentasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;standardized&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.korean.go.kr/common/download.do?file_path=notice&amp;c_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf&amp;o_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf|title=주요 한식명(200개) 로마자 표기 및 번역(영, 중, 일) 표준안|last=National Institute of Korean Language|date=30 Juli 2014|language=ko|trans-title=Standardized Romanizations and Translations (English, Chinese, and Japanese) of (200) Major Korean Dishes|access-date=11 April 2017&lt;!-- deprecated [[en:Template:Cite web#Lay summary]]|lay-url=http://www.korean.go.kr/front/board/boardStandardView.do?board_id=4&amp;mn_id=17&amp;b_seq=1465|lay-source=[[National Institute of Korean Language]]--&gt;|archive-date=15 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170215025423/http://www.korean.go.kr/common/download.do?file_path=notice&amp;c_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf&amp;o_file_name=140730_%ED%95%9C%EC%8B%9D%EB%AA%85_%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88%EC%9E%90_%ED%91%9C%EA%B8%B0_%EB%B0%8F_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%B2%88%EC%97%AD_%ED%99%95%EC%A0%95%EC%95%88_.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Gawe ==
''Baechu-kimchi'' digawe nganggo fermentasi [[Sawi putih|kubis napa]] asin karo lobak Korea, sayuran aromatik, ''[[jeotgal]]'' (panganan laut asin), ''[[Bubuk lombok|gochugaru]]'' (bubuk cabai) lan macem-macem bumbu. Varietas sisih lor luwih entheng lan sop. Varietas kidul luwih asin lan luwih akeh.

=== Gobis ===
Uyah brining Korea, kanthi ukuran gandum luwih gedhe lan kandungan natrium ngisor dibandhingake karo [[Uyah kosher|uyah pawon umume]], digunakake kanggo salting awal [[Sawi putih|kubis napa]] . Diproses kanthi minimal, bisa mbantu ngembangake rasa ing panganan sing difermentasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Parks&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://modernfarmer.com/2014/12/shaking-salt/|title=Shaking Up Salt|last=Parks|first=Cara|date=16 Dhésèmber 2014|work=Modern Farmer|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-date=10 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170110161546/http://modernfarmer.com/2014/12/shaking-salt/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saben {{Convert|100|g}} banyu, udakara {{Convert|2|g}} uyah digunakake.&lt;ref name=&quot;KFF&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.koreanfood.net/en/board.do?cmd=view&amp;bbs_id=054&amp;menu=PEN2020100&amp;lang=en&amp;art_id=2705|title=baechu-kimchi|website=[[Korean Food Foundation]]|script-title=ko:배추김치|access-date=11 April 2017|archive-date=20 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520192929/http://www.koreanfood.net/en/board.do?cmd=view&amp;bbs_id=054&amp;menu=PEN2020100&amp;lang=en&amp;art_id=2705|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setengah uyah dibubarake ing banyu sadurunge dilebokake kubis, lan separo liyane ditaburkan ing antarane lapisan kubis napa sing dicuci, dipotong, lan dibelah loro utawa dibentuk nganti dawa.  Gobis diasinake ing brine nganti pirang-pirang jam, diuripake, banjur diasinake luwih akeh jam. Sawise iku, kubis uyah dicuci kanthi sakcukupe ing banyu, banjur cair.

=== Isi ===
[[Barkas:Making_kimchi.jpg|kiri|jmpl| Bahan-bahan kimchi ( [[Sawi putih|kubis]], lobak, [[Loncang|daun bawang]], [[Wortel jangan|wortel]], [[Bawang|papak]], uyah, [[Jeotgal|saus iwak]], lan [[Bubuk lombok|bubuk cabai]] )]]
Pasta tipis kaya [[Beras ketan|bubur digawe kanthi nggodhok tepung beras ketan]] ing banyu. Dadi, ''gochugaru'' (bubuk cabai), ''[[jeotgal]]'' (panganan laut asin), lobak Korea, lan sayuran aromatik ditambahake kanggo nggawe bumbu kimchi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/kimchi|title=Kimchi|date=1 Oktober 2008|website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=11 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.saveur.com/article/Kitchen/The-Art-of-Kimchi|title=The Art of Kimchi|last=Chin|first=Mei|date=14 Oktober 2009|work=[[Saveur]]|access-date=11 April 2017|author-link=Mei Chin}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Loncang|Kulit]] [[Bawang|bawang, bawang putih]] cincang, lan [[Jaé|jahe]] inggris minangka sayuran aromatik sing paling umum digunakake, lan [[Kucai|bawang putih bawang putih]], peterseli Korea, [[Bawang bombay|bawang]], [[Wortel jangan|wortel]], lan [[Lombok abang|paprika]] uga asring ditambahake. Lobak Korea biasane dicampur, lan aromatik bisa disigar, dicincang, utawa digiling.

''Jeotgal'' bisa diganti nganggo panganan sagara laut mentah ing sisih Lor sing luwih [[Koréa|semenanjung Korea]] .&lt;ref name=&quot;Doo2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.doopedia.co.kr/doopedia/master/master.do?_method=view&amp;MAS_IDX=101013000729133|title=kimchi|website=[[Doopedia]]|publisher=[[Doosan Corporation]]|script-title=ko:김치|access-date=11 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yen digunakake, ''[[Saeu-jeot|saeu-jeot sing luwih alus]]'' (udang asin) utawa ''[[jogi-jeot]]'' (croaker asin) luwih disenengi lan jumlah ''jeotgal'' uga dikurangi ing wilayah Lor lan Tengah.  Ing Korea Kidul, ing tangan liyane, jumlah loman kuwat ''[[myeolchi-jeot]]'' (anchovies salted) lan ''[[Jeotgal|galchi-jeot]]'' (salted [[Layur|hairtail]] ) wis umum digunakake.  Panganan laut utawa ''[[Jeotgal|daegu-agami-jeot mentah]]'' digunakake ing wilayah pesisir Wétan.  ''[[Jeotgal|Aekjeot sing]]'' paling umum digunakake ( ''jeotgal'' cair, utawa saos iwak) yaiku ''[[Jeotgal|myeolchi-aekjeot]]'' (saus teri) lan ''[[Jeotgal|kkanari-aekjeot]]'' ( [[Personalisasi ammodytes|saus tombak pasir]] ).&lt;ref name=&quot;Shin2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Ethnic Fermented Foods and Alcoholic Beverages of Asia|last=Shin|first=Dong-Hwa|last2=Kim|first2=Young-Myoung|last3=Park|first3=Wan-Soo|last4=Kim|first4=Jae-Ho|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2016|isbn=978-81-322-2798-4|editor-last=Tamang|editor-first=Jyoti Prakash|pages=292|chapter=Ethnic Fermented Foods and Beverages of Korea|doi=10.1007/978-81-322-2800-4_11|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6NPMDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA292}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Aekjeot'' bisa digunakake ing panggonan ''jeotgal sing'' padhet utawa digunakake bebarengan. Gula, madu, jus buah, utawa woh-wohan sing sithik uga bisa ditambahake.

== Referensi ==</text>
      <sha1>hdk20zv9qzuxjy30m0fxknvrlh89mhf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Biskuit jaé</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>178591</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746494</id>
      <parentid>1641093</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T05:26:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746494</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3430" sha1="7std9zvm62tp634dulo56ukgama1k83" xml:space="preserve">
{{Infobox food|calories|name=Ginger snap|image=Arnott's Ginger Nut 04.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=Ginger nut biscuits made by [[Arnott's Biscuits]]|alternate_name=Ginger nut, ginger biscuit|country=|creator=|course=|type=[[Biscuit]]|served=|main_ingredient=Powdered [[ginger]], [[spice]]s (commonly [[cinnamon]] and [[nutmeg]])|variations=|other=|no_commons=true}}'''gingersnap,''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gingersnap|title=gingersnap|website=[[Merriam-Webster]] online dictionary|access-date=May 4, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; '''jahe sworo seru,''' '''nut jahe,''' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ginger_nut|title=ginger nut|website=[[Oxford_English_Dictionary#Electronic_versions|Oxford Living Dictionary]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|access-date=March 4, 2019|archive-date=September 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160925020009/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ginger_nut|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; utawa '''jahe biscuit''' punika global populer [[Biskuit|biscuit]] roso karo [[Jaé|jahe]] . Cepet jahe dibumbui karo jahe bubuk lan macem-macem rempah-rempah liyane, umume [[Kayu legi|kayu manis]], [[Tètès|molase]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.grandmasmolasses.com/recipes/ginger-snaps/|title=Ginger Snaps - Grandma’s Molasses|website=Grandma’s Molasses|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-21|archive-date=2016-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611110546/http://www.grandmasmolasses.com/recipes/ginger-snaps/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; lan [[Cengkèh|cengkeh]] . &lt;ref&gt;Abigail Johnson Dodge. &quot;Ginger Snaps.&quot; Fine Cooking Dec 2005. 8 Jan 2010 http://www.finecooking.com/recipes/ginger-snaps.aspx {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406011309/http://www.finecooking.com/recipes/ginger-snaps.aspx |date=2017-04-06 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ana resep-resep. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allrecipes.co.uk/recipe/6151/soft-and-chewy-ginger-nuts.aspx|title=Soft and chewy ginger nuts|website=[[Allrecipes]]|access-date=2016-05-21|archive-date=2016-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525154551/http://allrecipes.co.uk/recipe/6151/soft-and-chewy-ginger-nuts.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gaya kacang jahe rapuh minangka versi komersial pameran tradisional sing biyen digawe kanggo pameran pasar sing saiki diwakili mung dening para [[Pameran jagung|penggemar Cornish]] . 

[[Skandinavia|Kacang jahe Skandinavia]], uga diarani roti jahe utawa &quot;brunkage&quot; ing basa [[Basa Dhénemarken|Denmark]] (tegesé &quot;biskuit coklat&quot;), ''pepparkakor'' ing [[Basa Swèdhen|Swedia]], ''piparkakut'' ing basa [[Basa Suomi|Finlandia]], ''piparkūkas'' ing basa [[Basa Latvia|Latvia]], ''piparkoogid'' ing [[Basa Estonia|Estonia]] lan ''pepperkaker'' ing basa [[Basa Nurwègen|Norwegia]] (tegesé cookie mrica) digulung cukup tipis (asring ing sangisoré {{Convert|3|mm|in|abbr=on}} kenthel), lan dipotong dadi wujud; alus lan biasane luwih tipis lan mula luwih garing (lan ing sawetara kasus, luwih roso) tinimbang umume jinis global. [[Cengkèh|Cengkeh]], kayu manis lan [[Kapulaga|kapulaga minangka]] bahan penting, lan rasa jahe sing asli ora penting. [[Allspice]] lan cengkeh digunakake kanggo ngolah biskuit jahe. &lt;ref&gt;Mattila, Anna-Liisa: Piparikirja. Jyväskylä: Atena, 2001. {{ISBN|951-796-263-0}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan￼ ==
[[Barkas:Freshly_baked_gingerbread_-_Christmas_2004.jpg|jmpl| Kacang jahe gaya [[Skandinavia]]]]</text>
      <sha1>7std9zvm62tp634dulo56ukgama1k83</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Besutan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>193716</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746492</id>
      <parentid>1669890</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T04:38:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746492</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5058" sha1="cu0b7tg22afwcg0y7x5978hi3rmzrq8" xml:space="preserve">'''Besutan''' asalé saka tèmbung bèsut, yaiku salah sijiné paraga ing pagèlaran Bèsutan. Biyén diarani Lérok banjur Ludruk. Besut uga asalé saka basa Jawa yaiku mbèsut kang tègèsè ngrèsiki barang kang règèd utawa ngalusaké utawa nyèmak. Déné kang diresiki, dialusaké, lan didèlèng yaiku isiné pagèlaran. Wiwit saking wujud ingkang andhap, dipun dandosi dados langkung saé, saéngga makna ingkang kasèbut sagèd dipun tingali déning pamiarsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/ditwdb/besutan-jombang-besutan-berasal-dari-kata-besut/|title=Besutan Jombang, Besutan berasal dari kata Besut|last=ditwdb|date=2019-10-30|website=Direktorat Warisan dan Diplomasi Budaya|language=id|access-date=2023-02-04|archive-date=2023-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204064017/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/ditwdb/besutan-jombang-besutan-berasal-dari-kata-besut/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bèsut ugi camboran tugel saking mbèto maksud (makna). Tègèsé ingkang dipun andharakèn inggih mènika isi pagèlaran, ingkang kinandhut ing tèmbang, busana, dhialog, saha cariyos. Tokoh Bèsutan ing Jombang ora kenal Ludruk Bandan, Ludruk Besep, Ludruk Bèsutan. Dhèwèké luwih akrab karo istilah Lérok, Bèsutan, Ludruk. Sanadyan kanthi tliti jaman Ludruk ing nginggil gadhah wujud pangrèmbakanipun sami, wiwit Lérok dumugi Ludruk.

Bab niku didhukung kalian pagèlaran tanpa nganggo busana nginggil (klambi) kang dados lambang kèsusahan kang ditanggung rakyat. Bèsut namung ngginaakèn kain pèthak damèl nutup padharan, wèrna pèthak tègèsipun niat kang tulus lan ikhlas ing ndalèm perjuangan kang diarèpakèn sagèt nggènggèm, lajeng tujuan punika ditali lawé kang nglilit ing padharan kang atègès wutuh lan rakèt. Ciri khas lakon Besut nggèh punika rainé kebak wedhak supados saget damel banyolan mungguhipun pamiarsa, kalihan topi dhuwur werna abrit kang damel simbol wani lan dhuwur.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://yoursay.suara.com/news/2020/12/16/110025/asal-usul-besutan-tradisi-khas-jombang|title=Asal-usul Besutan, Tradisi Khas Jombang|date=2020-12-16|website=suara.com|language=id|access-date=2023-02-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Sejarah ==
Masyarakat Jawa Timur umume masyarakat agraris, meh kabeh pendhudhuk Jawa Timur entuk penghasilan kanthi ngolah palawija utawa tani. Ing tlatah Jombang, rata-rata masyarakat ing desa-desa cilik entuk dhuwit saka tani, asil tani kadhangkala ora cukup kanggo nyukupi kebutuhan. Saka latar iki, kira-kira taun 1907 wonten wargi kang saben dinten tani ing desa Ceweng, Kecamatan Diwek, Kabupaten Jombang ingkang keparing asma Pak Santik sing raine lucu, kang duwe ide nambah penghasilan kanthi ngamen.

Tembangipun dipun iringi tembang sangking lisan, sasampunipun kepanggih kaliyan Pak Amir, saking Desa Plandhi, wiwit nembang ngginakaken gendhing. Sak mantune niku ngajak Pak Pono nganggo busana wanita utawa wedokan.

Kekalihipun nembang kanthi ancas kangge nyekapi kabetahan sabendinten kanthi semboyan awujud gendhing utawi parikan:&lt;blockquote&gt;Keyong nyemplung ing Blumbang

Tinimbang nyolong aluwung mbarang (ngamén)&lt;/blockquote&gt;


Periode ngamén sing ditindakaké dèning tèlung sèniman mènika kintèn-kintèn kedadén ing taun 1907 – 1915. Periodhè niki diarani jaman ngamen. Istilah sing muncul ing masyarakat Jombang wektu iku yaiku Lerok. Ngamen sing pasuryan katon digawe ing model lorak-lorek kanggo nggawe wong katon lucu lan angel kanggo ngenali pasuryan kang nyata. Wonten ing perkembangan salajengipun, medal istilah Lerok Ngamen ingkang asalipun saking tembung lorek ngamen (wong lorek kang ngamen).

== Kritik ing Besut ==
Umumipun pegelaran Besut mbeto cerita bab kritik ing pratan masyarakat. Misale, lakon Besut Wani, karya Yusup Eko Nugroho kang nyeritakake bab katresnane Besut lan Rusmini kang dipisah kalian Man Gondo gara-gara utang ing Lurah Sumo. Lakon iki nganggo latar ing Desa Pandanwangi, Kecamatan Diwek, Kabupaten Jombang ing tahun 1928, pas e ing mangsa perang lawan walanda. Lakon Besut ing lakon Besut Wani iki dados lakon kang setia ten Rusmini, peduli marang liyan lan wani bela kabecikan. Piyambakipun ora anduweni penggawean kang ajeg. Ananging, merga semangat lan guneman e kang nyenengke liyan, piyambake dados sosok kang misuwur. Akibate, Lurah Sumo meri dan gething karo Besut. Tapi, Besut ora nyerah lan pinter nggolek solusi supados saget ngalahaken Lurah Sumo ndamel cara kang nyebabake Lurah Sumo ditangkep kalihan Walanda&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://arek.its.ac.id/hmstatistics/besutan-jombang-pertunjukan-gemilang-cikal-bakal-ludruk-yang-tidak-hanya-untuk-dikenang/|title=Besutan Jombang: Pertunjukan Gemilang Cikal Bakal Ludruk yang Tidak Hanya untuk Dikenang – HIMASTA-ITS|language=en-US|access-date=2023-02-04|archive-date=2023-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204024010/https://arek.its.ac.id/hmstatistics/besutan-jombang-pertunjukan-gemilang-cikal-bakal-ludruk-yang-tidak-hanya-untuk-dikenang/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referensi ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Kategori:WikiPusaka]]</text>
      <sha1>cu0b7tg22afwcg0y7x5978hi3rmzrq8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Bakau Sidarukun</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>195048</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746470</id>
      <parentid>1721084</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T23:02:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746470</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12485" sha1="1twgxoqhjfzcklw0z9baelmemk2uhnz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox tempat wisata 
|image   =       Mangrove_Wisata_Edukasi.jpg
|caption =       Bakau Sidarukun. Hutan Mangrove Sidorukun Gresik duwe potensi Sumber Daya Alam kang penting kanggo wong-wong nalika ing desa Sidorukun Gresik. Hutan Mangrove Sidorukun iki amat dhuwur manfaaté kanggo wong-wong, saka sektor pendidikan, ekonomi, lan pariwisata. Wujud kagiatan seorang bapak pemandu wisata ing Hutan Mangrove Sidorukun Gresik ngedukasi dua anak siswa. Kanggo sawijining wong, Hutan Mangrove iku duwé peran sing penting kang wajib dirawat kanggo piyambaké, apik kanggo tumbuhan lan satwa, kanthi utama kang nglaras ing Hutan Mangrove.
|name    =       Bakau Sidarukun &lt;br /&gt;  Mangrove Sidorukun &lt;br /&gt;  Mangrove Sidarukun
|lokasi  =     Jl. Ibrahim Zahier 2e No.43, RT.6/RW.4, Sidorukun, Pulopancikan, Kec. Gresik, [[Kabupaten Gresik|Kabupaten Gresik]], [[Jawa Timur|Jawa Timur]] 61112
|negara  = {{flag|Indonesia}}
|arsitek = 
|pengelola =
|pembuat =
|mulai_dibangun = 
|selesai_dibangun = 
|ditutup =
|biaya =
|jenis_wisata =[[Alam|Alam]], [[Pasisir|Pasisir]], [[Mangrove| Mangrove ]]
|gaya = Alam
|luas =
|fasilitas =  {{*}}Warung Makan&lt;br&gt;{{*}}Tempat Sampah&lt;br&gt; {{*}}Toilet&lt;br&gt;{{*}}Area Parkir&lt;br&gt;{{*}}Mushola&lt;br&gt;{{*}}Spot Foto
}}
 
'''Bakau Sidorukun''' utawa '''mangrove Sidarukun''' yaiku salah siji destinasi wisata sing uga maini peran minangka kawasan konservasi mangrove utawa hutan bakau sing ana ing Desa [[Sidarukun, Gresik, Gresik|Sidorukun]], [[Pulopancikan, Gresik, Gresik|Kecamatan Pulopancikan]], [[Kabupatèn Gresik|Kabupaten Gresik]], [[Jawa Wétan|Jawa Timu]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;r. Tempat iki mènèngi keelokan alam karo usaha pelestarian lingkungan sing amat penting.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Pra-Desain Pabrik Sirup Glukosa dari Buah Mangrove (Bruguierra gymnorrhizae) dengan Hidrolisa Enzim-enzim|url=https://iptek.its.ac.id/index.php/ekstrak/article/viewFile/12728/6621|journal=Journal of Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 01, No. 01, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kehatipjbgresik.com/index.php/site/news_detail/3|title=Selamatkan Mangrove Selamatkan Bumi - Kehati {{!}} PJB UP Gresik|website=kehatipjbgresik.com|access-date=2023-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hutan bakau utawa [[mangrove|mangrove]] ing Desa Sidorukun, Gresik, nduweni peran sing penting kanggo njaga keseimbangan ekosistem ing wilayahé. Mangrove yaiku tanaman khas ing pantai sing duwé akar sing muncul ing siji bagean saka air. Iki ora mung nyediake habitat kanggo ragam jenis satwa laut, nanging uga mènèngi pantai saka [[erosi |erosi ]] lan bencana alam, kaya [[banjir|banjir]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache:LugQ0VKql0UJ:scholar.google.com/+Pra-Desain+Pabrik+Sirup+Glukosa+dari+Buah+Mangrove&amp;hl=id&amp;as_sdt=0,5|title=Pra-Desain Pabrik Sirup Glukosa dari Buah Mangrove (Bruguierra gymnorrhizae) dengan Hidrolisa Enzim-enzim|website=scholar.googleusercontent.com|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-date=2023-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014032838/https://scholar.googleusercontent.com/scholar?q=cache%3ALugQ0VKql0UJ%3Ascholar.google.com%2F%20Pra-Desain%20Pabrik%20Sirup%20Glukosa%20dari%20Buah%20Mangrove&amp;hl=id&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompasiana.com/sangmaestro9221/6100d46c1525107538260cd2/perkuat-sektor-umkm-dan-pariwisata-desa-sidorukun-siap-jadi-favorit-destinasi-wisata|title=Perkuat Sektor UMKM dan Pariwisata, Desa Sidorukun Siap Jadi Favorit Destinasi Wisata|last=Kompasiana.com|date=2021-07-28|website=KOMPASIANA|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salah siji hal sing menarik mengenai Desa Sidorukun yaiku produksi buah mangrove sing luar biasa apik, nyampeyan 115 ton saben hektar tauné. Iki nuduhake pentingé peran mangrove ing nganggo udan lan lingkungane nalika mlebu. Karo luas hutan mangrove sing bisa dieksploitasi mencapai 84,7 hektar, daerah iki maini peran minangka sumber daya sing berharga kanggo njaga ekosistem laut sing seimbang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN INDEKS NILAI PENTING TUMBUHAN MANGROVE DI KECAMATAN GRESIK, KEBOMAS DAN MANYAR KABUPATEN GRESIK|url=https://repository.unipasby.ac.id/1303/1/1.%20Halaman%20Depan.pdf|journal=repository.unipasby.ac.id}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mengunjungi Bakau Sidorukun ora mung njaluk pengalaman wisata sing apik, nanging uga ngasih kesempatan kanggo luwih ngerti pentingé pelestarian mangrove lan ekosistem [[Pasisir|pesisir]]. Tempat iki yaiku conto apik tentang carane pariwisata bisa njalin kawruh karo pelestarian alam, nggawéna keseimbangan sing saling nuduhake.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.djkn.kemenkeu.go.id/kpknl-metro/baca-artikel/14547/MENJAGA-KELESTARIAN-LINGKUNGAN-DENGAN-MELESTARIKAN-HUTAN-MANGROVE.html#:~:text=Hutan%20mangrove%20menjadi%20sumber%20yang,nyaman%20untuk%20mencegah%20bencana%20alam.|title=MENJAGA KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN DENGAN MELESTARIKAN HUTAN MANGROVE|last=Wahyuningsih|first=Desiana|date=2021-12-27|website=MENJAGA KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN DENGAN ... - Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Negara}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Penanaman ==
Pada Dina Selasa tanggal 17 wulan Juni taun 2014 sesarengan, PT Pertamina Hulu Energi - West Madura Offshore (PHE WMO) nandhang 20 ewu bibit mangrove ing Pantai Kelurahan Sidorukun, Kecamatan Gresik. Presiden lan General Manager PT PHE WMO, Boyke Pardede nyebutake, partisipasi nandhang bibit mangrove iki digelar saben taun. Ing taun 2012, digawe 10 ewu bibit mangrove, taun iki nambah mawa 20 ewu bibit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://surabaya.tribunnews.com/2014/06/17/phe-wmo-tanam-20-ribu-bibit-mangrove|title=PHE WMO Tanam 20 Ribu Bibit Mangrove|website=Surya.co.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Penanaman pohon bakau uga digawe déning pihak lan perusahaan liyane sing ana ing sajeroning ekosistem mangrove Sidorukun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://klikjatim.com/berkontribusi-bagi-lingkungan-sekitar-pt-cargill-gresik-raih-giri-panca-suar-award/|title=Berkontribusi Bagi Lingkungan Sekitar, PT Cargill Gresik Raih Giri Panca Suar Award News|last=klikjatim.com|first=Abdul Aziz Qomar-|date=2022-03-25|website=KlikJatim.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pertamina.com/Id/news-room/csr-news/www.pertamina.com|title=Pemanfaatan Produk Mitra Binaan PHE WMO {{!}} Pertamina|last=Pertamina (Persero)|first=P. T.|website=www.pertamina.com|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-13}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pawartajatim.com/peduli-lingkungan-cargill-gresik-raih-giri-panca-suar/|title=Peduli Lingkungan, Cargill Gresik Raih Giri Panca Suar|last=pawartajatim.com|date=2022-03-25|website=Pawarta Jawa Timur|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://republika.co.id/share/ribclm436|title=Petrokimia Gresik Tanam Mangrove di Pesisir Pantai Utara|date=2022-09-17|website=Republika Online|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jatim.antaranews.com/kabar-jatim/gresik/19|title=Warga Sidorukun Gresik manfaatkan limbah domestik untuk - ANTARA News Jawa Timur - Berita Jatim Terkini dan Update|website=jatim.antaranews.com|access-date=2023-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lokasi ==

Bakau Sidorukun ana ing Desa Sidorukun, Kecamatan Pulopancikan, Kabupaten Gresik, Jawa Timur. Lokasi iki amat strategis amarga bisa dijangkau mudhah saka kutha-kutha ing sekitaré.

Kanggo para pengunjung sing tansah saka pusat kutha Gresik, lawas menyang Bakau Sidorukun cukup leluasa, mung sekitar 2,8 kilometer utawa mung 10 menit berkendara. Iki njajahake jenenge saka destinasi wisata kanggo wong-wong lokal lan para wisatawan sing pengin nguwihi alam kanggo sejenak.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.waze.com/id/live-map/directions/id/jawa-timur/mangrove-sidorukun?to=place.ChIJOZCStJAB2C0RueqMeT4EPHU|title=Petunjuk arah berkendara ke Mangrove Sidorukun|website=Waze|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://desatajungwidoro.gresikkab.go.id/artikel/2022/7/14/srikandi-petrokimia-gresik-gelar-penanaman-mangrove-di-desa-tanjungwidoro?hl=id&amp;as_sdt=0%2C5&amp;q=Pra-Desain+Pabrik+Sirup+Glukosa+dari+Buah+Mangrove+%28Bruguierra+gymnorrhizae%29+dengan+Hidrolisa+Enzim-enzim.+Journal+of+Fundamentals+and+Applications+of+Chemical+Engineering%2C+Vol.+01%2C+No.+01%2C+2020.&amp;btnG=#d=gs_cit&amp;t=1697179612260&amp;u=%2Fscholar%3Fq%3Dinfo%3ALugQ0VKql0UJ%3Ascholar.google.com%2F%26output%3Dcite%26scirp%3D0%26hl%3Did|title=Srikandi Petrokimia Gresik gelar penanaman mangrove di Desa Tanjungwidoro|last=admin|first=admin|website=WEBSITE RESMI DESA TAJUNGWIDORO KEC. BUNGAH KAB. GRESIK PROV. JAWA TIMUR|access-date=2023-10-13|archive-date=2023-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231014032841/https://desatajungwidoro.gresikkab.go.id/artikel/2022/7/14/srikandi-petrokimia-gresik-gelar-penanaman-mangrove-di-desa-tanjungwidoro?hl=id&amp;as_sdt=0,5&amp;q=Pra-Desain+Pabrik+Sirup+Glukosa+dari+Buah+Mangrove+(Bruguierra+gymnorrhizae)+dengan+Hidrolisa+Enzim-enzim.+Journal+of+Fundamentals+and+Applications+of+Chemical+Engineering,+Vol.+01,+No.+01,+2020.&amp;btnG=#d=gs_cit&amp;t=1697179612260&amp;u=%2Fscholar%3Fq%3Dinfo%3ALugQ0VKql0UJ%3Ascholar.google.com%2F%26output%3Dcite%26scirp%3D0%26hl%3Did|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Selain saka iku, lokasi iki uga bisa diakses saka kutha Surabaya sing nduweni jarak saka 12,2 kilometer utawa 50 menit berkendara menyang arah barat laut. Karo jarak sing relatif cilik saka Surabaya, Bakau Sidorukun yaiku pilihan sing apik kanggo dina-dina utawa akhir pekan minangka tempat kanggo santai lan nikmati alam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Aksesibilitas sing apik menyang Bakau Sidorukun nuduhake destinasi wisata sing gampang dijangkau kanggo sampeyan sing ana ing wilayah Gresik utawa Surabaya. Kanthi perjalanan sing cepet, para pengunjung bisa menikmati keelokan alam lan njelajahi hutan bakau kang apik ing kawasan iki.

== Akomodasi ==

Kanggo para pengunjung sing saka luar kutha, ora perlu cemas ngenani tempat nginap, amarga ing sekitar mangrove iki ana sawijining pilihan akomodasi [[hotel]] sing nyaman. Hotel-hotél iki ana ing dinahe sing ora terlalu kaluwihan saka lokasi wisata, uga sampeyan bisa nemokaké tempat sing cocok karo preferensi lan anggaran sampeyan.

Akeh saka hotel ing sekitar kawasan Bakau Sidorukun ngewarakaké kenyamanan lan fasilitas sing komplit kanggo para tamu. Sampeyan bisa nggawé pilihan saka macem-macem jenis akomodasi, saka hotel mewah menyang penginapan sing luwih terjangkau. Sawise sampeyan bakal nemokaké hotel sing menawarake pemandangan alam sing apik, kalebu hutan bakau sing ngelilingi kawasan iki.

Selain saka iku, yèn sampeyan nyari pengalaman nginap sing luwih beragam, sampeyan uga bisa nggawéna pilihan kanggo njaluk ing salah siji hotel terbaik ing Surabaya. Surabaya, kutha gedhé ing Jawa Timur, ngewarakaké piranti akomodasi sing cocok karo berbagai kebutuhan lan selera. Jadi, ora masalah apakah sampeyan memilih kanggo nginap ing sekitar lokasi wisata utawa ing tengah kutha Surabaya, sampeyan bakal nemokaké macem-macem pilihan sing cocok karo kebutuhan sampeyan.

Karo akehé opsi akomodasi sing ana, sampeyan bisa merencanakake kunjungan sampeyan karo nyaman lan menikmati waktu sing menyenangkan ing Bakau Sidorukun lan sekitarnya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://id.trip.com/hotels/gresik-regency-mangrove-sidorukun/hotels-c157240m30435145/|title=Hotel dekat Mangrove Sidorukun, Kabupaten Gresik {{!}} Trip.com|website=id.trip.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hotelandplace.com/id/hotels/sidorukun-provinsi-jawa-timur-indonesia?spmchkbj=spmprvbj7bei6cRLV2lgB6GivcVhpS5YSF|title=Hotel Sidorukun, Indonesia|website=Hotelandplace.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Daftar pustaka ==

* STYANINGSIH, KRISNA. KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN INDEKS NILAI PENTING TUMBUHAN MANGROVE DI KECAMATAN GRESIK, KEBOMAS DAN MANYAR KABUPATEN GRESIK. Diss. UNIVERSITAS PGRI ADI BUANA SURABAYA, 2022.
* Muhsin, M. Rifqy, et al. &quot;Pra-Desain Pabrik Sirup Glukosa dari Buah Mangrove (Bruguierra gymnorrhizae) dengan Hidrolisa Enzim-enzim.&quot; Journal of Fundamentals and Applications of Chemical Engineering (JFAChE) 1.1 (2020): 18-21.

== Rujukan ==

{{reflist|0000000000000000000000000000003}}
[[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Wétan]]
[[Kategori:WikiPlesir]]</text>
      <sha1>1twgxoqhjfzcklw0z9baelmemk2uhnz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Badrusalam</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>197049</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746468</id>
      <parentid>1736158</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T22:30:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746468</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4295" sha1="s71djx704lt70i544ao7ol33nbuw3sg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox religious biography|name={{PAGENAME}}|honorific-suffix=&lt;!-- Hanya gelar kehormatan/kenegaraan (non-akademis) --&gt;|image=Ustaz Abu Yahya Badrusalam.png|image_size=|other_names={{unbulleted list|Abu Yahya}}|caption=Ustaz Abu Yahya Badrusalam|birth_name=Badrusalam|birth_date=27 April 1976|birth_place=[[Cileungsi, Bogor]], [[Jawa Barat]], Indonesia|death_date=|death_place=|occupation={{hlist|[[Ustaz]]|Dai}}|title=|predecessor=|successor=|party=|religion=[[Islam]]|denomination=[[Sunni]]|spouse=|partner=|children=|relations=|alma_mater=[[Pondok Pesanten Al-Irsyad, Tengaran]]&lt;br&gt;[[Universitas Islam Madinah]]|website=https://cintasunnah.com|footnotes=|known_for=Pembina [[Radio Rodja]]|influences={{hlist|[[Abdur Razaq bin Abdul Muhsin al-Abbad]]|[[Abdul Muhsin bin Hammad]]}}|movement=[[Salafiyah]]|father=}}
'''Abu Yahya Badrusalam, Lc.''' inggih punika dai lan mubalig saking [[Cileungsi, Bogor|Cileungsi]], Bogor ingkang miyos tanggal 27 April 1976.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uloom.id/speaker/abu-yahya-badrusalam/|title=Ustadz Abu Yahya Badrusalam|website=Uloom.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2024-09-01|archive-date=2025-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123201233/https://uloom.id/speaker/abu-yahya-badrusalam/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cintasunnah.com/profil/|title=Profil|last=|first=|date=2014-06-08|website=Cinta Sunnah|language=Indonesia|access-date=2024-09-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://msu.alukhuwah.com/2023/12/30/biografi-ustadz-badrusalam/|title=BIOGRAFI USTADZ BADRUSALAM|date=2023-12-30|website=Madrasah Salafiyah Ula Al Ukhuwah|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123211416/https://msu.alukhuwah.com/2023/12/30/biografi-ustadz-badrusalam/|archive-date=2025-01-23|access-date=2024-09-01|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Piyambakipun minangka salah satunggaling pendiri radio dakwah Islamiyah, Radio Rodja, lan alumnus Pondok Pesantren Al Irsyad Tengaran, lan alumnus Universitas Islam Madinah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://muslim.or.id/author/badrusalam|title=Badrusalam, Lc.|website=Muslim.or.id|access-date=1 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Asal usul jejeng ==
Asma asline cuma Badrusalam wae, lan [[Nama julukan|kun-yah]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;nya iku “Abu Yahya”. Nanging unike dheke ora ndue putra lanang seng jejenge Yahya. Dheke terinspirasi saka kisah asma Abu Yahya kanggo salah siji sahabat Nabi yaiku Shuhaib.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Kekerabatan ==
Dhèwèké sesambungan karo Ustaz [[Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas]] yaiku [[Kakang ipar|ipar]] Ustaz Badrusalam.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Kegiatan ==
Minangka pangadeg lan pangurus Rodja Radio lan [[Rodja TV]], dhèwèké nduweni peran sentral kanggo ngaturake pesen Islam marang masyarakat luas. Radio Rodja wis dadi media propaganda kang tekan maneka pelosok Indonesia lan manca negara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pengetahuan.id/biografi-ustadz-abu-yahya-badrusalam/|title=Biografi Ustadz Abu Yahya Badrusalam|last=Hibrizi|first=Zhian|date=2024-01-31|website=Pengetahuan|language=Indonesia|access-date=2024-09-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kajaba iku, dhèwèké uga tampil ing TV Safdah lan TV Islam liyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ustaz Abu Yahya Badrusalam uga nyumbang kanggo donya pendidikan formal lan informal. Dhèwèké dadi guru ing Mahad Takhassus Ulum Syariyyah, Cileungsi, Bogor, lan uga dadi penasehat ing Pondok Pesantren Al Minhaj.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Kejaba iku, dhèwèké uga kaping pirang-pirang melu pengajian rutin lan majelis taklim ing tlatah Cileungsi lan sakiwa tengene.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Guru ==

* Syekh [[Abdul Muhsin al-'Abbad|Abdul Muhsin Al Abbad]], nyinau kitab [[Sunan an-Nasa'i|Sunan An Nasai]] lan perangane [[Sunan Abu Dawud]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* Syekh [[Abdur Razaq bin Abdul Muhsin al-Abbad|Abdurrazaq bin Abdul Muhsin Al Abbad]], sinau [[Kitab Tauhid|Kitab At Tauhid]], [[Mandzumah Haiyah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* Syekh [[Muhammad bin Khalifah At Tamimi]], sinau [[Hamawiyah Kubra]] lan bagean saka kitab [[Al Aqidah At Tadmuriyah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
* Syekh [[Nashir Al Faqihi]], sinau saperangan kitab [[As Sunnah Ibnu Abi ‘Ashim|As Sunnah Ibn Abi 'Ashim]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Referensi ==

[[Kategori:Ulama]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1976]]
[[Kategori:Wong urip]]</text>
      <sha1>s71djx704lt70i544ao7ol33nbuw3sg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Alihaksara Koréa Kang Sinampurna</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>199079</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746457</id>
      <parentid>1738209</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T16:04:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746457</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1069" sha1="gk7qgyso9rogros6un5ylubcwaiyvt0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Korean name
|hangul = 국어의 로마자 표기법
|hanja  = 國語의 로마字 表記法
|rr     = Gugeoui Romaja Pyogibeop
|mr     = Kugŏŭi Romaja P'yogipŏp
||image=Q246638 Bucheon A01 (cropped).JPG|caption=Papan jeneng ing Setatsiyun Bucheon}}
'''Alih aksara Koréa Kang Sinampurna''' yaiku sistem [[caralatin]] utawa [[alih aksara]] resmi basa Koréa kang digunakaké ing [[Koréa Kidul]].

Sistem iki fungsiné kanggo nulisaké [[aksara Korea]] (hangeul) menyang jero [[aksara Latin]], lan wis digunakaké kanthi resmi wiwit 4 Juli 2000, ngganténi sistem sadurunge, yaiku sistem [[Mccune-Reischauer]].

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.korean.go.kr/front_eng/roman/roman_01.do Caralatin Korea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119145522/http://www.korean.go.kr/front_eng/roman/roman_01.do |date=2016-11-19 }}
* [http://roman.cs.pusan.ac.kr/input_eng.aspx Konverter caralatin Korea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140323214112/http://roman.cs.pusan.ac.kr/input_eng.aspx |date=2014-03-23 }}

[[Kategori:Basa Koréa]]</text>
      <sha1>gk7qgyso9rogros6un5ylubcwaiyvt0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Asam aspartat</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>199817</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746463</id>
      <parentid>1743926</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T20:12:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746463</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7169" sha1="lasghet5oavytryqb2exd30hjr5rlcv" xml:space="preserve">[[Barkas:L-Aspartic-acid-zwitterion-3D-balls.png|jmpl|'''Asam aspartat''']]
'''Asam aspartat''' iku salah siji asam amino sing nduweni peran wigati ing sistem biokimia makhluk urip. Senyawa iki kalebu golongan asam amino nonesensial, tegesé awak manungsa bisa nyintesis dhewe tanpa gumantung sakabehé saka panganan. Ing kimia organik, asam aspartat kalebu asam amino sing muatane negatif (asam amino asam) ing pH fisiologis amarga nduweni gugus karboksilat tambahan ing rantai sampingé. Anané gugus iki maringi sipat asam lan ndadekake bisa melu ing macem-macem reaksi metabolik lan interaksi molekuler ing njero sel.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://iupac.qmul.ac.uk/AminoAcid/|title=Amino Acids and Peptides Home Page|website=iupac.qmul.ac.uk|access-date=2026-02-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sacara struktural, asam aspartat nduweni rumus molekul C4H7NO4. Struktur dhasaré kasusun saka gugus amino (-NH2), gugus karboksil (-COOH), atom hidrogen, lan rantai samping wujud gugus karboksil tambahan (-CH2-COOH) sing kaiket ing atom karbon alfa. Ing kahanan fisiologis, loro gugus karboksilé biasane terionisasi dadi wujud muatan negatif, saéngga kerep ana minangka ion aspartat. Sifat ionik iki ndadekake bisa mbentuk ikatan ion lan jembatan uyah ing struktur protein.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ing sistem biologis, asam aspartat dadi salah siji saka loro asam amino bermuatan asam sing umum ditemokake ing protein, saliyané asam glutamat. Loro-loroné nduweni peran penting njaga stabilitas struktur tersier lan kuartener protein liwat interaksi elektrostatik. Gugus karboksilat ing asam aspartat bisa sesambungan karo gugus bermuatan positif kaya lisin utawa arginin kanggo njaga konformasi protein supaya tetep fungsional.

Biosintesis asam aspartat ing awak lumaku liwat proses transaminasi, yaiku pindhahé gugus amino saka asam amino liya menyang oksaloasetat. Oksaloasetat dhewe kalebu intermediat penting ing siklus asam sitrat utawa siklus Krebs. Enzim sing melu ing reaksi iki yaiku aspartat aminotransferase, sing ngowahi oksaloasetat dadi aspartat kanthi bantuan donor gugus amino kaya glutamat. Proses iki nuduhake gegandhengané metabolisme asam amino lan metabolisme energi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://lib.ui.ac.id/|title=Analisis Aspartam dalam minuman ringan secara kromatografi lapis tipis Densitometri|last=Dharnita Cernalia|first=Author|date=2008|website=Universitas Indonesia Library|language=en-US|access-date=2026-02-16|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202062542/https://lib.ui.ac.id/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ing metabolisme seluler, asam aspartat nduweni posisi sentral. Senyawa iki melu ing siklus urea, yaiku jalur metabolik kanggo mbuwang amonia keluwihan liwat pambentukan urea. Ing siklus iki, aspartat nyumbang siji atom nitrogen kanggo pambentukan urea. Tanpa perané, detoksifikasi nitrogen ora bisa lumaku kanthi efisien lan bisa nyebabake akumulasi amonia sing racun tumrap sistem saraf.

Saliyane iku, asam aspartat uga dadi prekursor kanggo biosintesis sawetara asam amino lan nukleotida. Ing organisme tartamtu kaya tetuwuhan lan mikroorganisme, aspartat dadi bahan wiwitan pambentukan asparagin, metionin, treonin, lan lisin. Ing manungsa, asam aspartat uga melu pambentukan nukleotida purin lan pirimidin, komponen dhasar DNA lan RNA, saéngga nduweni peran langsung ing replikasi lan transkripsi genetik.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ing sistem saraf, asam aspartat dikenal minangka neurotransmiter eksitatorik. Senyawa iki bisa kaiket karo reseptor tartamtu ing membran neuron lan micu depolarisasi sel saraf, saéngga nguatake transmisi impuls. Sanadyan glutamat luwih kerep dianggep minangka neurotransmiter eksitatorik utama, aspartat uga melu ngatur aktivitas sinaptik sing ana gandheng cenenge karo proses sinau, memori, lan fungsi kognitif.

== Komposisi ==
Kadar asam aspartat ing awak dijaga liwat keseimbangan antarane sintesis, panggunaan, lan degradasi. Ing kahanan normal, konsentrasiné ing getih relatif stabil. Gangguan metabolik tartamtu, kayata penyakit ati sing ngganggu siklus urea utawa kelainan genetik enzim, bisa mengaruhi keseimbangan iki.

Saka sisi nutrisi, asam aspartat bisa dipikolehi saka panganan sugih protein kayata daging, iwak, endhog, produk susu, kacang-kacangan, lan wiji-wijian. Nanging amarga kalebu asam amino nonesensial, kekurangan amarga asupan pangan biasane arang kelakon yen pola mangané seimbang.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Muflihah|first=Yeni Maulidah|last2=Masruroh|first2=Heny|last3=Zulfikar|first3=Zulfikar|date=2018-05-24|title=Batch Injection Potentiometry Asam Aspartat, Asam Glutamat dan Arginin Menggunakan Elektroda Tungsten Oksida|url=https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/alchemy/article/view/18|journal=ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|pages=1–10|doi=10.20961/alchemy.10.1.18.1-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ing industri pangan lan farmasi, asam aspartat nduweni teges penting. Salah siji turunane yaiku aspartam, pemanis buatan sing asalé saka dipeptida asam aspartat lan fenilalanin. Aspartam digunakake minangka pengganti gula amarga tingkat kemanisané luwih dhuwur tinimbang sukrosa nanging kalorinè luwih cilik. Panggunaané wis ditliti lan diatur kanthi ketat kanggo njamin keamanan konsumsi.

== Biokimia ==
Ing kajian biokimia struktural, residu aspartat kerep ditemokake ing situs aktif enzim. Gugus karboksilaté bisa tumindak minangka donor utawa akseptor proton ing reaksi katalitik, dadi komponen penting ing mekanisme kerja protease lan enzim metabolik liyane. Uga, gugus iki bisa koordinasi karo ion logam kaya kalsium, magnesium, utawa seng kanggo stabilisasi struktur protein lan ngatur aktivitas enzim.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Saka sudut pandang evolusi, anané asam aspartat ing meh kabèh organisme nuduhake wigatiné senyawa iki tumrap urip. Jalur biosintesis lan turunane wis lestari ing akèh spesies, nandakake nilai adaptifé ing metabolisme dhasar lan fungsi seluler.

Panaliten modern terus nliti peran asam aspartat ing kahanan fisiologis lan patologis, kalebu metabolisme kanker sing nuduhake kabutuhan aspartat sing luwih dhuwur kanggo sintesis nukleotida lan proliferasi sel. Kajian iki mbukak kemungkinan strategi terapi anyar liwat panghambatan jalur metabolisme aspartat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Sacara umum, asam aspartat minangka komponen penting ing jaringan metabolisme seluler. Perané nyakup sintesis protein, pambentukan energi, regulasi nitrogen, produksi nukleotida, lan fungsi neurotransmiter. Sifat kimiané minangka asam amino bermuatan negatif ndadekake dadi unsur penting ing struktur lan fungsi biomolekul, lan pangerten jero babagané dadi dhasar kanggo kemajuan ilmu biokimia, kesehatan, lan bioteknologi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis|title=OPTIMASI KONSENTRASI NINHIDRIN DALAM ANALISIS ASPARTAM SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VISIBLE DAN APLIKASINYA UNTUK ANALISIS MINUMAN ENERGI; NYHIDRYN CONCENTRATION OPTIMIZATION IN ASPARTAME ANALYSIS USING UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION USE TO ANALYZE ENERGY DRINK|url=https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/150684|publisher=Universitas Gadjah Mada|date=2015|first=Zimon|last=Pereiz}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Rujukan ==

[[Kategori:Kimia koloid]]</text>
      <sha1>lasghet5oavytryqb2exd30hjr5rlcv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Auld Lang Syne</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>200051</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746465</id>
      <parentid>1746163</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-29T21:13:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1746465</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7218" sha1="cbo2udeyeh5mhdlwu5k3ccke89g1gjh" xml:space="preserve">{| align=&quot;right&quot;
| &lt;b&gt;Melodi Auld Lang Syne&lt;/b&gt;
|-
|[[Barkas:Auld Lang Syne.ogg]]
|[[:Barkas:Auld Lang Syne.ogg|Auld Lang Syne]]

Frank C. Stanley, 1910
|-
|[[Barkas:Hotaru no Hikari(Auld lang syne in Japan).ogg]]
|{{Native name|ja|[[:File:Hotaru no Hikari(Auld lang syne in Japan).ogg|&lt;b&gt;蛍の光&lt;/b&gt;]]}}
Hotaru no Hikari
|-
|
[[Barkas:1946년 태극기 게양식 올드 랭 사인 애국가.ogg]]
|[[:File:1946년 태극기 게양식 올드 랭 사인 애국가.ogg|Lagu Kabangsan Korea Selatan (melodi sebelumnya)]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Aegukka (Auld Lang Syne)|Aegukga]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mois.go.kr/eng/sub/a03/nationalSymbol_2/screen.do|title=The National Anthem - Aegukga}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
'''&quot;Auld Lang Syne (Old Long Since)&quot;''' iku [[Geguritan|puisi]] karya [[Robert Burns]], meskipun ada pula puisi serupa oleh [[Robert Ayton]] (1570-1638).

== Lirik ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;8&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;
|'''[[Basa Inggris Skots]] (Lama):''' &lt;br /&gt;
Should auld acquaintance be forgot, 
and never brought to mind?  
Should auld acquaintance be forgot, 
and auld lang syne?

: Refrain
: For auld lang syne, my dear,
: for auld lang syne,
: we’ll tak a cup o’ kindness yet,
: for auld lang syne.

And surely ye’ll be your pint-stowp!  
And surely I’ll be mine!  
And we’ll tak a cup o’ kindness yet, 
for auld lang syne.

: Refrain

We twa hae run about the braes, 
and pou’d the gowans fine;  
But we’ve wander’d mony a weary fit, 
sin’ auld lang syne.

: Refrain

We twa hae paidl’d in the burn, 
frae morning sun till dine;  
But seas between us braid hae roar’d 
sin’ auld lang syne.

: Refrain

And there’s a hand, my trusty fiere!  
And gies a hand o’ thine!  
And we’ll tak a right gude-willie-waught, 
for auld lang syne.

: Refrain
|'''[[IPA]] (Pengucapan):''' &lt;br /&gt;
{{IPA|ʃɪd ɑld a.kwe̙n.tæns bi fɪɾ.ɡɔt}}, 
{{IPA|an nɪ.vɪɾ brɔxt tɪ meind}}?  
{{IPA|ʃɪd ɑld a.kwe̙n.tæns bi fɪɾ.ɡɔt}}, 
{{IPA|an ɑld læŋ sein}}?

:: Refrain
: {{IPA|fɪɾ ɑld læŋ sein, mɐ dɪɾ}},
: {{IPA|fɪɾ ɑld læŋ sein}},
: {{IPA|wil tek ɐ kɔp o keind.nɪs jɛt}},
: {{IPA|fɪɾ ɑld læŋ sein}}.

{{IPA|an ʃir.li jɪl bi jʊɾ peint.stɔp}}!  
{{IPA|an ʃir.li al bi mein}}!  
{{IPA|an wil tek ɐ kɔp o keind.nɪs jɛt}}, 
{{IPA|fɪɾ ɑld læŋ sein}}.

: Refrain

{{IPA|we twa heː rɪn ə.but ðɪ brez}}, 
{{IPA|an pud ðɪ ɡo.wɪnz fein}};  
{{IPA|bɪt wiv wan.dɛɾt mo.ne ɐ wi.ɾi fɛt}}, 
{{IPA|sɪn ɑld læŋ sein}}.

: Refrain

{{IPA|we twa heː pɛ.dl̩t ɪn ðɪ bʊɾn}}, 
{{IPA|fre mɔɾ.nɪn sʊn tɪl dein}};  
{{IPA|bʌt siz bɪ.twin ʌs brɛd heː rɔrd}} 
{{IPA|sɪn ɑld læŋ sein}}.

: Refrain

{{IPA|an ðɛrz ɐ han, mei trʊs.ti fiɾ}}!  
{{IPA|an ɡis ɐ han o ðein}}!  
{{IPA|an wil tek ɐ rɛxt ɡɪd-wʊ.le-wɔxt}}, 
{{IPA|fɪɾ ɑld læŋ sein}}.

: Refrain
|'''Terjemahan [[Basa Inggris]]:''' &lt;br /&gt;

Should ''old'' acquaintance be forgot, 
and never brought to mind ?  
Should ''old'' acquaintance be forgot, 
and auld lang syne ?

: Refrain
: For auld lang syne, my dear,
: for auld lang syne,
: we'll take a cup o’ kindness yet,
: for auld lang syne.

:

And surely you’ll ''buy'' your pint ''cup''!  
And surely I’ll ''buy'' mine!  
And we'll take a cup o’ kindness yet, 
for auld lang syne.

: Refrain

We ''two have'' run about the ''hills'', 
and ''pulled'' the ''daisies'' fine;  
But we’ve wandered ''many'' a weary ''foot'', 
''since'' auld lang syne.

: Refrain

We ''two have paddled'' in the ''stream'', 
''from'' morning sun till dine ''(dinner time)'';  
But seas between us ''broad have roared'' 
''since'' auld lang syne.

: Refrain

And there’s a hand my trusty ''friend''!  
And ''give us'' a hand o’ thine!  
And we’ll ''take'' a right ''good-will draught'', 
for auld lang syne.

: Refrain
:
:

:

::
::
:
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |'''Basa Jepang'''
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Basa Inggris
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
{|
!Aksara Jepang (Kanji)
!Latin
|-
|{{Lang|ja|蛍の光、窓の雪、
書読む月日、重ねつゝ、
何時しか年も、すぎの戸を、
開けてぞ今朝は、別れ行く。

止まるも行くも、限りとて、
互に思ふ、千萬の、
心の端を、一言に、
幸くと許り、歌うなり。}}
|Hotaru no hikari, mado no yuki,
fumi yomu tsukihi, kasane tsutsu.

itsushika toshi mo, sugi no towo.

aketezo kesa ha, wakare yuku.

Tomaru mo yuku mo, kagiri tote,

katami ni omofu, chiyorozu no,

kokoro no hashi wo, hitokoto ni,

sakiku to bakari, utafu nari.
|}
|-
|By the glow of fireflies, and the moonlit snow by the window,
Days and months spent reading,

Years have even passed, through the cedar door,

This morning, we leave.

Whether staying, or leaving,

Remember each other, in the

Depths of our hearts, in a word,

Sing, &quot;Good luck&quot;.
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Katakana
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |ほたるのひかり、まどのゆき、
ふみよむつきひ、かさねつゝ、

いつしかとしも、すぎのとを、

あけてぞけさは、わかれゆく

とまるもゆくも、かぎりとて、

かたみにおもふ、ちよろづの、

こゝろのはしを、ひとことに、

さきくとばかり、うとうなり。
|}

== Kini Tiba Saatnya ==
Iku Auld Lang Syne versi [[Basa Indhonésia|basa Indonesia]].&lt;poem&gt;
Kini tiba saatnya
kita untuk berpisah
Selamat tinggal tahun yang lama
Penuh kenangan
Semoga di tahun baru
Tuhan memberkati
Kebahagiaan yang lebih
Dari tahun yang silam
&lt;/poem&gt;

== Versi netral Basa Indonesia lain ==

== Media Eksternal ==

* [http://www.mudcat.org/@displaysong.cfm?SongID=374 Serangkaian kata-kata dan nada musiknya dalam Digital Tradition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050315162412/http://www.mudcat.org/@displaysong.cfm?SongID=374 |date=2005-03-15 }} Diarsipkan 2005-03-15 di Wayback Machine.
* [http://www.importantscots.com/auld-lang-syne-translation.htm Terjemahan &quot;Auld Lang Syne&quot; ke dalam bahasa Inggris] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051230072330/http://www.importantscots.com/auld-lang-syne-translation.htm |date=2005-12-30 }} Diarsipkan 2005-12-30 di Wayback Machine.
* [http://www.worldburnsclub.com/poems/translations/auld_lang_syne.htm Terjemahan kata-katanya ke dalam bahasa Inggris] Diarsipkan 2009-01-23 di Wayback Machine.
* [http://www.robertburns.org/encyclopedia/AuldLangSyne.5.shtml &quot;Auld Lang Syne&quot; dari Burns Encyclopedia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100714150846/http://www.robertburns.org/encyclopedia/AuldLangSyne.5.shtml |date=2010-07-14 }}
* [http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&amp;token=&amp;sql=17:97543 Auld Land Syne]{{Pranala mati|date=November 2021|fix-attempted=yes}} dalam All Music Guide
* [http://www.augustachronicle.com/stories/123199/cy2_124-4983.shtml &quot;Auld Lang Syne&quot; dihubungkan dengan Guy Lombardo dan perayaan Tahun Baru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050426133815/http://www.augustachronicle.com/stories/123199/cy2_124-4983.shtml |date=2005-04-26 }} Diarsipkan 2005-04-26 di Wayback Machine.
* [http://www.maybole.org/community/celebrations/christmas/greetings/AuldLangSyne2.mp3 &quot;Auld Lang Syne yang dinyanyikan oleh Kenneth McKellar]
* [https://www.mamalisa.com/?t=es&amp;p=3832 Hotaru no Hikari]</text>
      <sha1>cbo2udeyeh5mhdlwu5k3ccke89g1gjh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sue Johnston</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>200117</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1746523</id>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T11:28:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Meursault2004</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rintisan saka [[:en:Sue Johnston|]]</comment>
      <origin>1746523</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="587" sha1="h0ow12vvfop1z5wod0541f0crezxek6" xml:space="preserve">'''Susan Johnston''' (lair minangka Wright; lair 7 Dhésèmber 1943) iku aktris Inggris. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké Sheila Grant ing sinétron Channel 4 ''Brookside'' (1982–1990), Barbara Royle ing kumidhi BBC ''The Royle Family'' (1998–2012), Grace Foley ing drama BBC ''Waking the Dead'' (2000–2011), Gloria Price ing sinétron ITV ''[[Coronation Street]]'' (2012–2014), lan Miss Denker ing drama ITV ''[[Downton Abbey]] (2014–2015).

== Filmografi ==

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnston, Sue}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1943]]
[[Kategori:Wong urip]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Downton Abbey]]</text>
      <sha1>h0ow12vvfop1z5wod0541f0crezxek6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1746524</id>
      <parentid>1746523</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T11:30:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Meursault2004</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Filmografi */</comment>
      <origin>1746524</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1922" sha1="07rmxegsl1t0dy4jmc3rufyhgnneavz" xml:space="preserve">'''Susan Johnston''' (lair minangka Wright; lair 7 Dhésèmber 1943) iku aktris Inggris. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké Sheila Grant ing sinétron Channel 4 ''Brookside'' (1982–1990), Barbara Royle ing kumidhi BBC ''The Royle Family'' (1998–2012), Grace Foley ing drama BBC ''Waking the Dead'' (2000–2011), Gloria Price ing sinétron ITV ''[[Coronation Street]]'' (2012–2014), lan Miss Denker ing drama ITV ''[[Downton Abbey]] (2014–2015).

== Filmografi ==
===Film===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Directed by
! Notes
|-
| 1996
| ''[[Brassed Off]]''
| Vera
| {{center|Mark Herman}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1997
| ''[[Preaching to the Perverted (film)|Preaching to the Perverted]]''
| Esmeralda
| {{center|[[Stuart Urban]]}}
|
|-
| ''[[Face (1997 film)|Face]]''
| Alice
| {{center|[[Antonia Bird]]}}
|
|-
| 2001
| ''[[New Year's Day (2001 film)|New Year's Day]]''
| Mrs. Fisher
| {{center|[[Suri Krishnamma]]}}
|
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Imagine Me &amp; You]]''
| Ella
| {{center|[[Ol Parker]]}}
|
|-
| 2014
| ''500 Miles North''
| Stein
| {{center|[[Luke Massey]]}}
|
|-
| 2015
| ''Caring for the Recently Deceased''
| Marjoram Bryon
| {{center|Henry Davies}}
| Short film
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2016
| ''[[Golden Years (2016 film)|Golden Years]]''
| Nancy
| {{center|John Miller}}
|
|-
| ''Motherland''
| Mary
| {{center|Abe Juckes}}
| Short film
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Walk Like a Panther (film)|Walk Like a Panther]]''
| Gladys
| {{center|Dan Cadan}}
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Downton Abbey: A New Era]]''
| [[List of Downton Abbey characters#Miss Denker|Gladys Denker]]
| {{center|[[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]]}}
|
|-
| 2024
| ''Bilby''
| Nancy
| {{center|Cyrus Mirzashafa}}
|
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Fackham Hall]]''
| Great Aunt Bonaparte
| {{center|Jim O'Hanlon}}
|
|}

=== Télévisi ===
{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnston, Sue}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1943]]
[[Kategori:Wong urip]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Downton Abbey]]</text>
      <sha1>07rmxegsl1t0dy4jmc3rufyhgnneavz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1746525</id>
      <parentid>1746524</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-30T11:30:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Meursault2004</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Télévisi */</comment>
      <origin>1746525</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9078" sha1="lbfr75si8eop758u4r26ppnqdh6r22o" xml:space="preserve">'''Susan Johnston''' (lair minangka Wright; lair 7 Dhésèmber 1943) iku aktris Inggris. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké Sheila Grant ing sinétron Channel 4 ''Brookside'' (1982–1990), Barbara Royle ing kumidhi BBC ''The Royle Family'' (1998–2012), Grace Foley ing drama BBC ''Waking the Dead'' (2000–2011), Gloria Price ing sinétron ITV ''[[Coronation Street]]'' (2012–2014), lan Miss Denker ing drama ITV ''[[Downton Abbey]] (2014–2015).

== Filmografi ==
===Film===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Directed by
! Notes
|-
| 1996
| ''[[Brassed Off]]''
| Vera
| {{center|Mark Herman}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1997
| ''[[Preaching to the Perverted (film)|Preaching to the Perverted]]''
| Esmeralda
| {{center|[[Stuart Urban]]}}
|
|-
| ''[[Face (1997 film)|Face]]''
| Alice
| {{center|[[Antonia Bird]]}}
|
|-
| 2001
| ''[[New Year's Day (2001 film)|New Year's Day]]''
| Mrs. Fisher
| {{center|[[Suri Krishnamma]]}}
|
|-
| 2005
| ''[[Imagine Me &amp; You]]''
| Ella
| {{center|[[Ol Parker]]}}
|
|-
| 2014
| ''500 Miles North''
| Stein
| {{center|[[Luke Massey]]}}
|
|-
| 2015
| ''Caring for the Recently Deceased''
| Marjoram Bryon
| {{center|Henry Davies}}
| Short film
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2016
| ''[[Golden Years (2016 film)|Golden Years]]''
| Nancy
| {{center|John Miller}}
|
|-
| ''Motherland''
| Mary
| {{center|Abe Juckes}}
| Short film
|-
| 2018
| ''[[Walk Like a Panther (film)|Walk Like a Panther]]''
| Gladys
| {{center|Dan Cadan}}
|
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Downton Abbey: A New Era]]''
| [[List of Downton Abbey characters#Miss Denker|Gladys Denker]]
| {{center|[[Simon Curtis (filmmaker)|Simon Curtis]]}}
|
|-
| 2024
| ''Bilby''
| Nancy
| {{center|Cyrus Mirzashafa}}
|
|-
| 2025
| ''[[Fackham Hall]]''
| Great Aunt Bonaparte
| {{center|Jim O'Hanlon}}
|
|}

=== Télévisi ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders sortable&quot;
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Notes
|-
| 1982
| ''[[Coronation Street]]''
| Mrs. Chadwick
| 3 episodes
|-
| 1982–1990
| ''[[Brookside (TV series)|Brookside]]''
| [[Sheila Grant|Sheila Grant/Corkhill]]
| Series regular; 504 episodes
|-
| 1991
| ''The Grove Family''
| Mum
| TV film
|-
| 1991–1992
| ''[[In Suspicious Circumstances]]''
| Edith Rosse
| 3 episodes
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 1992
| ''[[Goodbye Cruel World (TV series)|Goodbye Cruel World]]''
| Barbara Grade
| 3 episodes
|-
| ''[[Inspector Morse (TV series)|Inspector Morse]]''
| Mrs. Bailey
| Episode 6.4 – &quot;[[Absolute Conviction]]&quot;
|-
| ''[[Screenplay (TV series)|Screenplay]]''
| Miriam Johnson
| Episode 7.4 – &quot;Bitter Harvest&quot;
|-
| ''[[A Touch of Frost]]''
| Phyllis Bowman
| Episode 1.3 – &quot;[[List of A Touch of Frost episodes#Series 1 (1992)|Conclusions]]&quot;
|-
| 1992–1995
| ''[[Medics (British TV series)|Medics]]''
| Ruth Parry
| 29 episodes
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1993
| ''[[Full Stretch]]''
| Grace Robbins
| 6 episodes
|-
| ''[[Luv (TV series)|Luv]]''
| Terese Craven
| 18 episodes
|-
| 1994
| ''[[Performance (British TV series)|Performance]]''
| Mistress Overdone
| Episode 4.2 – &quot;Measure for Measure&quot;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | 1996
| ''[[Into the Fire (TV series)|Into the Fire]]''
| Lyn
| Miniseries – 3 episodes
|-
| ''[[Hetty Wainthropp Investigates]]''
| Helga Allowby
| Episode 2.2 – &quot;Poison Pen&quot;
|-
| ''Village''
| Village Hall Player
| TV film
|-
| 1997
| ''[[Crime Traveller]]''
| DCI Kate Grisham
| 8 episodes
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 1998
| ''The Things You Do for Love: Against the Odds''
| [[Pat Phoenix]]
| TV film
|-
| ''[[Verdict (TV series)|Verdict]]''
| Hazel De Vere QC
| Episode 1.3 – &quot;The Doctor's Opinion&quot;
|-
| ''[[Duck Patrol]]''
| Val Rutland
| 6 episodes
|-
| ''[[The Jump (1998 TV series)|The Jump]]''
| Maeve Brunos
| 4 episodes
|-
| 1998–2000,&lt;br /&gt;2006–2012
| ''[[The Royle Family]]''
| Barbara Royle
| All 25 episodes
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 1999
| ''The Unseen Royals''
| Narrator (voice)
| TV film
|-
| ''[[Sex, Chips &amp; Rock n' Roll]]''
| Irma Brookes
| All 6 episodes
|-
| 2000–2011
|''[[Waking the Dead (TV series)|Waking the Dead]]''
| Dr. Grace Foley
| 9 series – 92 episodes
|-
| 2001
|''Score''
| Maggie
| TV film
|-
| 2001–2003
| ''[[My Uncle Silas#Adaptations|My Uncle Silas]]''
| Mrs. Betts
| 9 episodes
|-
| 2002
| ''Happy Together''
| Val
| TV film
|-
| 2004
| ''[[Cutting It]]''
| Caroline Ferraday
| Episode 3.4
|-
| 2004–2005
| ''[[Higglytown Heroes]]''
| Fran (voice) (UK)
| 28 episodes
|-
| 2006
| ''[[The Street (British TV series)|The Street]]''
| Brenda McDermott
| Episode 1.2 – &quot;Stan&quot;
|-
| 2006–2009
| ''[[Jam &amp; Jerusalem]]''
| Sal Vine
| 3 series – 19 episodes
|-
| 2008
| ''[[Little Dorrit (TV series)|Little Dorrit]]''
| Affery Flintwinch
| Miniseries – 9 episodes
|-
| 2009
| ''[[The Turn of the Screw (2009 film)|The Turn of the Screw]]''
| Sarah Grose
| TV film
|-
| 2010
| ''[[A Passionate Woman]]''
| Betty
| 2 episodes
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2011
| ''[[Sugartown (TV series)|Sugartown]]''
| Margery
| 3 episodes
|-
| ''[[Being Eileen|Lapland]]''
| Eileen Lewis
| TV film
|-
| 2012
| ''[[Gates (TV series)|Gates]]''
| Miss Hunter
| 5 episodes
|-
| 2012–2014
| ''[[Coronation Street]]''
| [[Gloria Price]]
| Regular role; 169 episodes
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2013
| ''[[Being Eileen]]''
| Eileen Lewis
| 6 episodes
|-
| ''[[Red Nose Day 2013#Sketches and Features|Comic Relief: Red Nose Day 2013]]''
| Barbara Royle
| TV Special
|-
| 2014–2015
| ''[[Downton Abbey]]''
| [[List of Downton Abbey characters#Miss Denker|Gladys Denker]]
| 8 episodes
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Rovers (TV series)|Rovers]]''
| Doreen
| Miniseries – All 6 episodes
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; | 2018
| ''[[Kiri (TV series)|Kiri]]''
| Celia Grayson
| Miniseries – 2 episodes
|-
| ''[[Moving On (TV series)|Moving On]]''
| Kathy
| Episode 9.2 – &quot;Lost&quot;
|-
| ''[[The Good Karma Hospital]]''
| Virginia Mileham
| Episode 2.6
|-
| ''[[Age Before Beauty]]''
| Ivy-Rae
| All 6 episodes
|-
| ''[[Murder on the Blackpool Express#Episodes|Death on the Tyne]]''
| Colleen
| TV film
|-
| 2018–2019
| ''[[Hold the Sunset]]''
| Joan
| 5 episodes
|-
| 2019
| ''The Cure''
| Bella Bailey
| TV film
|-
| 2019–2021
| ''[[The Cockfields]]''
| Sue
| All 10 episodes
|-
| 2020
| ''[[Unprecedented (TV series)|Unprecedented]]''
| Violet
| Episode 1.5
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2021
| ''[[Time (2021 TV series)|Time]]''
| June Cobden
| All 3 episodes
|-
| ''[[Help (2021 television film)|Help]]''
| Gloria
| TV film
|-
| 2022
| ''[[Witness Number 3]]''
| Cathy
| 4 episodes
|-
| 2023–2024
|''[[Celebrity Gogglebox]]''
| Herself
| Series 5 &amp; 6 – 4 episodes
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | 2024
| ''[[Truelove (TV series)|Truelove]]''
| Marion
| Miniseries – 5 episodes
|-
| ''Ricky, Sue and a Trip or Two''
| Herself
| 3 episodes. With [[Ricky Tomlinson]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.channel4.com/press/news/ricky-tomlinson-and-sue-johnston-reunite-more4-travel-series-ricky-sue-trip-or-two|title=Ricky Tomlinson and Sue Johnston reunite for More4 travel series Ricky, Sue &amp; a Trip or Two|website=channel4.com/press|access-date=25 August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[The Responder]]''
| Madge
| Episode 2.3
|-
| ''[[Generation Z (TV series)|Generation Z]]''
| Cecily
| 6 episodes&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2023/10/generation-z-first-look-ben-wheatley-zombie-series-robert-lindsay-1235576576/|title='Generation Z' First Look: Ben Wheatley's Zombie Series Unveils Cast Including Robert Lindsay
|first=Jake|last=Kanter|website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|date=18 October 2023|accessdate=18 October 2023|archive-date=18 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018112223/https://deadline.com/2023/10/generation-z-first-look-ben-wheatley-zombie-series-robert-lindsay-1235576576/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''DNA Journey''
| Herself
| Episode 5.2 – &quot;Ricky Tomlinson and Sue Johnston&quot;
|-
| ''[[Taskmaster (TV series)|Taskmaster]]''
| Herself
| New Years Treat 2025
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | 2025
| ''[[Riot Women]]''
| Auntie Mary
| 6 episodes
|-
| ''[[Hollyoaks]]''
| [[Sheila Grant]]
| 1 episode
|-
| ''[[Play for Today (Channel 5 series)|Play for Today]]''
| Edith Thistle
| Episode: &quot;Big Winners&quot;
|-
| ''Stuffed''
| Lily
| TV Movie
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2026
| ''[[Sherwood (2022 TV series)|Sherwood]]''
| Irene Bostall
| 
|-
| ''[[Ann Droid]]''
| Sue
| Main role&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Sue Johnston and Paul Ready join Diane Morgan’s brand new BBC Comedy Ann Droid (w/t) as filming commences |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/2025/ann-droid-sue-johnston-paul-ready-join-diane-morgans-new-comedy |access-date=19 January 2026 |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

'''Additional credits'''
* ''Brookside: The Lost Weekend'' ... Sheila Corkhill (1997 video special)
* ''Brookside: Friday the 13th'' ... Sheila Corkhill (1998 video special)
* ''[[2013 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award|2013 BBC Sports Personality of the Year]]'' ... Herself&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Anne Williams: BBC award for Hillsborough campaigner |work=BBC Sport |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/av/sports-personality/25392994 |access-date=6 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:Johnston, Sue}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1943]]
[[Kategori:Wong urip]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Downton Abbey]]</text>
      <sha1>lbfr75si8eop758u4r26ppnqdh6r22o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>