Wikipédia jvwiki https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipédia Parembugan Wikipédia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori Gapura Parembugan Gapura TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 1095 1747588 1739818 2026-04-26T11:40:09Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747588 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Euclid.jpg|thumb|[[Euklides]], ganitasastrawan Yunani, abad kaping 3 SM, kados ingkang kalukisaken déning [[Raffaello Sanzio]] ing salebeting detail punika saking ''[[Sekolah Athena]]''.<ref>Boten wonten parupan utawi katrangan prakawis wujud fisik Euklides ingkang dipundamel wekdal gesangipun ingkang taksih wonten minangka kakunan. Mila, panggambaran Euklides ing salebetipun karya seni gumantung dhumateng daya khayal satunggiling seniman (''pirsani [[Euklides]]'').</ref>]] '''Ganitasastra'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sastra.org/bahasa-dan-budaya/kamus-dan-leksikon/789-bausastra-jawa-poerwadarminta-1939-75-bagian-09-g|title=Bausastra Jawa, Poerwadarminta, 1939, #75 (Bagian 09: G)|last=Sastra|website=Sastra Jawa|language=jv|access-date=2025-05-11}}</ref>, '''elmu etung-etungan''' utawa '''matematika''' inggih punika pasinaon babagan [[cacahan]] (''quantity''), [[jiringan]] (''structure''), [[godhagan]] (''space''), lan [[kalkulus|éwah-éwahan]] (''calculus''). Para [[ganitasastrawan]] pados manéka [[pola|gatra]],<ref>[[Lynn Steen]] (29 April 1988). ''[[The Science of Patterns]]'' [[Sains (jurnal)|Jurnal Sains]], 240: 611–616. lan dipunikhtisaraken ing [http://www.ascd.org/portal/site/ascd/template.chapter/menuitem.1889bf0176da7573127855b3e3108a0c/?chapterMgmtId=f97433df69abb010VgnVCM1000003d01a8c0RCRD Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929010703/http://www.ascd.org/portal/site/ascd/template.chapter/menuitem.1889bf0176da7573127855b3e3108a0c/?chapterMgmtId=f97433df69abb010VgnVCM1000003d01a8c0RCRD|date=2007-09-29}}, ascd.org</ref><ref>[[Keith Devlin]], ''Mathematics: The Science of Patterns: The Search for Order in Life, Mind and the Universe'' (Scientific American Paperback Library) 1996, ISBN 978-0-7167-5047-5</ref> angaji [[idhep-idhepan]] (''conjecture'') énggal, lan yasa kaleresan liwat [[lelampah]] [[pangemon]] (''deduction Methode'') ingkang [[Kakakuan matématika|kaku]] saking [[Panguha|panguha-panguha]] (''axioms'') lan [[Dhéfinisi|tegesan-tegesan]] (''definitions'') ingkang silih tumrap.<ref>Jourdain.</ref> Sila ingkang paling utami ing ganitasastra dhasaripun inggih punika kabetahan kanggé pangétangan wonten babagan dedagangan, pangukuran siti, ugi pangétangan kanggé paramalan kadadosan [[astronomi|kartikasastra]]. Tiga kabetahan punika limrahipun wonten gegandhènganipun kaliyan pamara umum babagan ganitasastra inggih punika: pasinaon masalah jiringan, godhagan lan éwah-éwahan. Wonten pasulayan prakawis: punapa ubarampen-ubarampen ganitasastra kados ta [[wilangan]] lan [[titik (géomètri)|titik]] dhateng kanthi alami, utawi namung damelan manungsa. Satunggiling ganitasastrawan [[Benjamin Peirce]] nyebat ganitasastra minangka "kawruh ingkang ngrumpaka pangemon ingkang wigatos".<ref>Peirce, p.97</ref> Déné tiyang sanèsipun, [[Albert Einstein]] nélakaken bilih "satebihipun reh-reh ganitasastra tegesipun kasunyatan, sadaya wau boten mesthi; lan satebihipun sadaya wau mesthi, sadaya wau boten tegesipun kasunyatan."<ref name="certain" /> Langkung pangginaan pangrumangsan [[logika|wewaton]] lan [[lengisan]], ganitasastra ngrembaka saking [[pancacahan]], [[kalkulasi|pangétangan]], [[pangukuran]], lan pangkajian sistematis dhumateng [[bangun (géomètri)|bangun]] lan [[gerak|pagerakan]] bendha-bendha fisika. Matématika praktis sampun dados kagiyatan manungsa milai wontenipun [[Sajarah matématika|rekaman kaserat]]. [[Logika|Argumèntasi kaku]] sepindhah muncul ing salebetipun [[Matématika Yunani]], mliginipun ing salebetipun karya [[Euklides]], ''[[Èlemèn Euklides|Èlemèn]]''. Matématika tansah ngrembaka, upaminipun ing [[Cina]] nalika taun 300 [[Sadurungé Masèhi|SM]], ing [[India]] nalika taun 100 [[Masèhi|M]], lan ing Arab nalika taun 800 M, dumugi jaman [[Rénaisans]], nalika pamanggihan énggal matématika silih interaksi kaliyan [[pamanggihan èlmiah]] énggal ingkang ngarah dhumateng paningkatan ingkang rikat ing salebetipun laju pamanggihan matématika ingkang teras dumugi sepriki.<ref>Eves</ref> Sapunika matématika dipun-ginakaken ing saindhenging donya minangka piranti wigatos ing manéka babagan, kalebet [[èlmu alam]], [[tèknik]], [[kadhokteran]]/[[mèdhis]], lan [[èlmu sosial]] kados ta [[ékonomi]], lan [[psikologi]]. [[Matématika terapan]], cabang matématika ingkang nglingkupi panerapan pangertosan matématika dhumateng babagan-babagan sanès, ngilhami lan damel panggunaan pamanggihan-pamanggihan matématika énggal, lan sok-sok ngarah dhumateng pangembangan dhisiplin-dhisiplin èlmu ingkang sapenuhipun énggal, kados ta [[statistika]] lan [[téyori permainan]]. Para matématikawan ugi sinau ing salebetipun [[matématika murni]], utawi matématika kanggé pakembangan matématika punika piyambak, tanpa wontenipun panerapan ing salebetipun pikiran, sanadyan panerapan praktis ingkang dados latar munculipun matématika murni kasunyatanipun asring kapanggih ing tembé wingking.<ref>Peterson</ref> == Ètimologi == Tembung "matématika" asalipun saking [[basa Yunani Kuna]] μάθημα (''máthēma''), ingkang tegesipun ''pangkajian'', ''panyinaonan'', ''èlmu'', ingkang ruwang lingkupipun saya ciut, lan teges tèknisipun dados "pangkajian matématika", malah makaten ugi ing jaman kuna. Tembung sipatipun inggih punika μαθηματικός (''mathēmatikós''), ''gegandhèngan kaliyan pangkajian'', utawi ''sregep sinau'', ingkang langkung lebet tegesipun ''matématis''. Sacara mirunggan, {{polytonic|μαθηματικὴ τέχνη}} (''mathēmatikḗ tékhnē''), ing salebetipun [[basa Latin]] ''ars mathematica'', tegesipun ''seni matématika''. Wangun jamak asring dipun-ginakaken salebetipun [[basa Inggris]], kados ta ugi ing salebetipun [[basa Prancis]] ''les mathématiques'' (lan arang dipun-ginakaken minangka turunan wangun tunggal ''la mathématique''), tegesipun wangun jamak basa Latin ingkang langkung nétral ''mathematica'' ([[Cicero]]), dhedhasar wangun jamak basa Yunani τα μαθηματικά (''ta mathēmatiká''), ingkang dipun-ginakaken [[Aristotle]], ingkang pertalan kasaripun ateges "sadaya prakawis ingkang matématis".<ref>''[[The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology]]'', ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''</ref> Nanging, salebetipun basa Inggris, tembung bendha ''mathematics'' mundhut wangun tunggal manawi dipungunakaken minangka tembung ''kerja''. Salebetipun rupa pirembagan, matématika asring dipunsingkat minangka ''math'' ing Amérika Lèr lan ''maths'' ing papan sanès. == Sajarah == [[Gambar:Quipu MKL Bd. 13 1890 (128905524).jpg|thumb|left|Satunggiling [[quipu]], ingkang dipungunakaken déning [[Kakaisaran Inca|Inca]] kanggé nyathetaken wilangan.]] {{utama|Sajarah matématika}} [[Évolusi]] matématika sok-sok dipunpirsani minangka sadhèrètan [[abstraksi (matématika)|abstraksi]] ingkang tansah tambah kathah, utawi tembung sanèsipun pawiyaran pokok masalah. Abstraksi awal, ingkang ugi lumampah dhumateng kathah kéwan<ref>S. Dehaene, G. Dehaene-Lambertz and L. Cohen, Abstract representations of numbers in the animal and human brain, ''Trends in Neuroscience'', Vol. 21 (8), Aug 1998, 355-361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(98)01263-6.</ref>, inggih punika prakawis [[wilangan]]: pranyatan bilih kalih apel lan kalih jeruk (minangka conto) gadhah gunggung ingkang sami. Sasanèsipun mangertosi cara [[pancacahan|nyacah]] objèk-objèk ''fisika'', manungsa [[prasajarah]] ugi nepangi cara nyacah besaran ''abstrak'', kados ta [[wektu|wekdal]] — [[dina|dinten]], [[mangsa]], [[taun]]. [[Aritmétika dhasar]] ([[lan]], [[suda]], [[ping]], lan [[para]]) numuti kanthi alami. Lampah salajengipun mbetahaken [[nulis|panyeratan]] utawi sistem sanès kanggé nyathetaken wilangan, upaminipun [[tali]] utawi senar mawi simpul ingkang dipunsebat [[quipu]] dipungunakaken déning bangsa [[Inca]] kanggé nyimpen data numerik. [[Sistem wilangan]] wonten kathah lan manéka jinisipun, wilangan kaserat ingkang sepindhah dipunkawruhi wonten ing salebetipun naskah warisan [[Mesir Kuna]] ing [[Karajan Tengah Mesir]], [[Lembaran Matématika Rhind]]. [[Gambar:maya.svg|thumb|[[Sistem wilangan Maya]]]] Panggunaan matématika paling kuna inggih punika ing salebetipun [[padagangan]], [[pangukuran siti]], [[lukisan|panglukisan]], lan pola-pola [[tenun|panenunan]] lan panyathetan wekdal lan boten naté ngrembaka wiyar dumugi taun 3000 SM mangajeng nalika tiyang [[Babilonia]] lan [[Mesir Kuna]] wiwit migunakaken [[aritmétika]], [[aljabar]], lan [[géomètri]] kanggé pangétangan [[pajek]] lan urusan kauangan sanèsipun, yasan lan konstruksi, lan [[astronomi]].<ref>Kline 1990, Chapter 1.</ref> Pangkajian matématika ingkang sistematis ing salebetipun kaleresnipun piyambak dipunwiwiti nalika jaman Yunani Kuna antawis taun 600 lan 300 SM. Matématika wiwit wekdal punika lajeng mawiyar, lan wonten interaksi migunani antawisipun matématika lan [[sains]], nguntungaken kekalih pihak. Pamanggihan-pamanggihan matématika dipundamel salaminipun sajarah lan lumampah teras dumugi sapunika. Miturut Mikhail B. Sevryuk, ing wulan Januari 2006 terbitan [[Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society]], "kathahipun makalah lan buku ingkang dipunlibataken ing salebetipun basis data [[Mathematical Reviews]] wiwit taun 1940 (taun sepindhahipun operasinipun MR) sapunika nglangkungi 1,9 yuta, lan nglangkungi 75 éwu artikel dipuntambahaken dhumateng basis data punika saben taun. Sapérangan ageng karya ing samodra punika isinipun [[téoréma]] matématika énggal sarta [[Pambuktèn Matématika|bukti-buktinipun]]."<ref>Sevryuk</ref> == Ilham, matématika murni lan terapan, lan èstètika == [[Gambar:GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|left|thumb|Sir [[Isaac Newton]] (1643-1727), satunggaling [[panemu|pamanggih]] [[kalkulus|kalkulus infinitesimal]].]] {{utama|Kaéndahan matématika}} Matematika muncul nalika ngadhepi masalah-masalah ingkang rumit ingkang nglibataken kuantitas, struktur, ruwang, utawi éwah-éwahan. Awalipun masalah-masalah punika kapanggih ing salebetipun [[padagangan]], [[pangukuran siti]], lan salajengipun [[astronomi]]; sapunika sadaya èlmu pangertosan nganjuraken masalah-masalah ingkang dipunkaji déning para matématikawan, lan kathah masalah ingkang muncul ing salebetipun matématika punika piyambak. Upaminipun, satunggiling [[fisikawan]] [[Richard Feynman]] manggihaken [[rumus integral lintasan]] [[mékanika kuantum]] migunakaken gabungan nalar matématika lan wawasan fisika, lan [[téyori senar]] wekdal sapunika téyori èlmiah ingkang taksih ngrembaka ingkang gadhah upados manunggalaken sekawan [[Interaksi dhasar|gaya dhasar alami]], teras kémawon ngilhami matématika énggal.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Feynman Integral and Feynman's Operational Calculus | author = Johnson, Gerald W.; Lapidus, Michel L. | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] | year = 2002}}</ref> Sapérangan matématika namung silih selaras ing salebetipun wewengkon ingkang ngilhami piyambakipun, lan dipuntrepaken kanggé mecahaken masalah lajengan ing wewengkon punika. Nanging asring ugi matématika dipunilhami déning bukti-bukti ing satunggiling wewengkon pranyata gadhah mupangat ugi ing kathah wewengkon sanèsipun, lan nggabungaken cawisan umum konsèp-konsèp matématika. Fakta ingkang ngédab-édabi bilih matématika "paling murni" asring malih dados gadhah patrapan praktis inggih punika ingkang [[Eugene Wigner]] sebat minangka "[[Kabotenèfèktifan Matématika boten kanalar ing salebetipun Èlmu Pangertosan Alam]]".<ref>[[Eugene Wigner]], 1960, "[http://www.dartmouth.edu/~matc/MathDrama/reading/Wigner.html The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences,] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228152633/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~matc/MathDrama/reading/Wigner.html|date=2011-02-28}}" ''[[Komunikasi ing Matématika Murni lan Patrapan]]'' '''13'''(1): 1–14.</ref> Kados ing sapérangan ageng wewengkon pangkajian, jeblugan pengertosan ing jaman èlmiah sampun ngarah dhumateng pangususan ing salebetipun matématika. Setunggal prabèntenan utami inggih punika ing antawisipun [[matématika murni]] lan [[matématika terapan]]: sapérangan ageng matématikawan musataken panlitènipun namung ing satunggal wewengkon punika lan sok-sok pilihan punika dipundamel saawal pakuliahan program [[sarjana]]nipun. Sapérangan wewengkon matématika terapan sampun dipungabungaken kaliyan tradhisi-tradhisi ingkang silih selaras ing sanjawinipun matématika lan dados dhisiplin ingkang gadhah hak piyambak, kalebet [[statistika]], [[risèt oprasi]], lan [[èlmu komputer]]. Tiyang ingkang gadhah minat dhumateng matématika asring ugi manggihi satunggiling aspèk èstètika tinentu ing kathah matématika. Kathah matématikawan pirembagan prakawis ''kaanggunan'' matématika, [[èstètika]] ingkang kasirat, lan [[kaéndahan]] saking lebetipun. Kaprasajanan lan kaumumanipun dipunregani. Wonten kaéndahan ing salebetipun kaprasajanan lan kaanggunan [[bukti (matématika)|bukti]] ingkang dipunparingaken, upaminipun bukti [[Euclid]] inggih punika bilih wonten boten-kakinten kathahipun [[wilangan prima]], lan ing salebetipun [[métodhe numerik]] ingkang anggun bilih pangétangan laju, inggih punika [[transformasi Fourier rikat]]. [[G. H. Hardy]] ing salebetipun ''[[A Mathematician's Apology]]'' ndungkapaken kapitadosan bilih panganggepan èstètika punika ing lebetipun piyambak, cekap kanggé nyengkuyung pangkajian matématika murni.<ref>{{cite book | title = A Mathematician's Apology | author = Hardy, G. H. | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 1940}}</ref> Para matématikawan asring nyambut damel awrat manggihaken bukti téoréma ingkang anggun kanthi mirunggan, pamadosan [[Paul Erdős]] asring nggulet ing satunggil jinis pamadosan akar saking "[[Alkitab]]" ing pundi [[Hyang|Gusti]] sampun nyerataken bukti-bukti karemenanipun.<ref>{{cite book | title = Proof and Other Dilemmas: Mathematics and Philosophy | author = Gold, Bonnie; Simons, Rogers A. | publisher = MAA | year = 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Proofs from the Book | author = Aigner, Martin; Ziegler, Gunter M. | publisher = Springer | year = 2001}}</ref> Kapopulèran [[matématika rékréasi]] inggih punika tetenger sanès bilih kabingahan kathah kapanggih nalika satunggiling tiyang saged mecahaken soal-soal matématika. == Notasi, basa, lan kakakuan == [[Gambar:Leonhard Euler 2.jpg|right|thumb|Leonhard Euler. Manawi satunggiling matématikawan ingkang kathah piyambak ngasilaken temuan sapanjangipun wekdal]] {{utama|Notasi matématika}} Sapérangan ageng notasi matématika ingkang dipungunakaken sapunika boten kapanggih dumugi abad angka 16.<ref>[http://jeff560.tripod.com/mathsym.html Panggunaan Anéka Lambang Matématika paling dhini] (ngamot kathah réferènsi ingkang langkung tebih)</ref> Nalika abad angka 18, [[Leonhard Euler|Euler]] gadhah tanggel waler dhumateng kathah notasi ingkang dipungunakaken sapunika. Notasi modhèren damel matématika langkung gampil kanggé para profésional, nanging para pamula asring manggihaken minangka satunggaling prakawis ingkang ngajrihi. Dumados pamadhetan ingkang langkung sanget: sakedhik lambang gadhah isi informasi ingkang sugih. Kados [[notasi musik]], notasi matématika modhèren gadhah tata ukara ingkang kaku lan ndadosaken informasi ingkang mbok manawi awrat manawi dipunserataken miturut cara sanès. [[Basa]] matématika saged ugi gadhah kesan awrat kanggé para pamula. Tembung-tembung kados ''utawi'' lan ''namung'' gadhah teges ingkang langkung présisi tinimbang ing salebetipun pirembagan sadinten-dinten. Sasanèsipun punika tembung-tembung kados ta ''[[himpunan terbuka|kabikak]]'' lan ''[[lapangan (matématika)|lapangan]]'' maringaken teges mirunggan matématika. [[Jargon matématika]] kalebet istilah-istilah tèknis kados ta ''[[homomorfisme]]'' lan ''[[katerintegralan|kaintegralaken]]''. Nanging wonten alasan kanggé notasi mirunggan lan jargon tèknis punika: matématika mbetahaken présisi ingkang langkung saking sadrema pirembakan sadinten-dinten. Para matématikawan nyebat présisi basa lan logika punika minangka "kaku" (''rigor''). [[Gambar:Infinity symbol.svg||thumb|left|Lambang [[kabotenkintenan]] '''∞''' ing sapérangan gaya sajian.]] [[Kakakuan matématika|Kaku]] kanthi dhasar inggih punika prakawis [[bukti matématika]]. Para matématikawan kepéngin téorémanipun numuti aksioma-aksioma kanthi maksud panalaran ingkang sistematik. Pupunika kanggé nyegah "[[téoréma]]" ingkang salah pundhut, dipundhasaraken dhumateng pradugi kagagalan, ing pundi kathah conto naté muncul ing salebetipun sajarah subjèk punika.<ref>Pirsani ''[[bukti palsu]]'' kanggé conto prasaja saking prakawis-prakawis ingkang saged salah ing salebetipun bukti formal. [[Téoréma sekawan warna#Sajarah|sajarah Téorema Sekawan Warna]] gadhah isi conto-conto bukti-bukti salah ingkang tanpa sengaja dipuntampi déning para matématikawan sanèsipun ing wekdal punika.</ref> Tingkat kakakuan dipunajengaken ing salebetipun matématika tansah éwah sapanjangipun wekdal: [[bangsa Yunani]] ménginaken dalil ingkang kaprincèn, nanging ing wekdal punika métode ingkang dipungunakaken [[Isaac Newton]] kirang kaku. Masalah ingkang nèmpèl ing dhéfinisi-dhéfinisi ingkang dipungunakaken Newton bakal ngarah dhumateng munculipun analisis saksama lan bukti formal ing abad angka 19. Sapunika para matématikawan taksih teras adu argumèntasi prakawis [[bukti mawi bantuan-komputer]]. Amargi pangétangan ageng awrat sanget dipunpriksa, bukti-bukti punika mbok manawi kémawon boten cekap kaku.<ref>Ivars Peterson, ''Wisatawan Matématika'', Freeman, 1988, ISBN 0-7167-1953-3. p. 4 "Sakedhik panggresulan dhumateng kabotensagedan program komputer mriksa kanthi wajar," (tegesipun bukti Haken-Apple dhumateng Téoréma Sekawan Warna).</ref> [[Aksioma]] miturut pamikiran tradhisional inggih punika "kaleresan ingkang dados bukti makaten kémawon", nanging konsèp punika micu pasoalan. Ing tataran formal, satunggiling aksioma punika namung satunggal lèr senar [[logika simbolik|lambang]], ingkang namung gadhah makna kasirat ing salebetipun kontèks sadaya rumus ingkang katurunaken saking satunggiling [[sistem aksioma]]. Pupunika wujud tujuan [[program Hilbert]] kanggé nyèlèhaken sadaya matématika ing satunggiling basis aksioma ingkang kokoh, nanging miturut [[Téoréma kabotenjangkepan Gödel]] saben-saben sistem aksioma (ingkang cekap kiyat) gadhah rumus-rumus ingkang [[kabébasan (logika matématika)|boten saged dipuntemtokaken]]; lan mila satunggiling [[aksiomatisasi]] pungkasan ing salebetipun matématika punika mokal. Sanadyan makaten, matématika asring dipunbayangaken (ing salebetipun kontèks formal) boten sanès kejawi [[téyori himpunan]] ing sapérangan aksiomatisasi, kanthi pangertosan bilih saben-saben pranyatan utawi bukti matématika saged dipunkemas dhumateng salebetipun rumus-rumus téyori himpunan.<ref>Patrick Suppes, ''Axiomatic Set Theory'', Dover, 1972, ISBN 0-486-61630-4. p. 1, "Ing antawisipun kathah cabang matématika modhèren, téyori himpunan nglenggahi panggénan ingkang unik: kanthi sakedhik pangejawinan, éntitas-éntitas ingkang dipunkaji lan dipunanalisis ing salebetipun matématika saged dipunpriksani minangka himpunan mirunggan utawi kelas-kelas objèk tinentu."</ref> == Matématika minangka èlmu pangertosan == [[Gambar:Carl Friedrich Gauss.jpg|right|thumb|[[Carl Friedrich Gauss]], nganggep piyambakipun minangka "pangéranipun para matématikawan", lan nélakaken matématika minangka "Ratunipun Èlmu Pangertosan".]] [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] nélakaken matématika minangka "Ratunipun Èlmu Pangertosan".<ref>Waltershausen</ref> Ing salebetipun basa aslinipun, Latin ''Regina Scientiarum'', ugi ing salebeting [[basa Jerman]] ''Königin der Wissenschaften'', tembung ingkang selaras kaliyan ''èlmu pangertosan'' ateges (lapangan) pangertosan. Cetha, punika ugi teges asli ing salebeting basa Inggris, lan boten wonten ''keraguan'' bilih matématika ing salebetipun kontèks punika inggih punika satunggiling èlmu pangertosan. Pangususan ingkang nyiutaken makna dados èlmu pangertosan ''alam'' inggih punika ing tembé wingking. Manawi satunggiling tiyang mriksani [[èlmu pangertosan]] namung winates ing donya fisika, mila matématika, utawi sakirang-kirangipun [[matématika murni]], sanès èlmu pangertosan. [[Albert Einstein]] nélakaken bilih ''"satebihipun hukum-hukum matématika tegesipun kasunyatan, mila sadaya punika boten mesthi; lan satebihipun sadaya punika mesthi, sadaya punika boten tegesipun kasunyatan.''"<ref name="certain">Einstein, p. 28. Kutipan punika wujud jawaban Einstein dhumateng pitakènan: "ndak inggih bilih matématika, ing sisih sanèsipun temtu kémawon, dados riptan pamikiran manungsa ingkang kabébas saking pengalaman, makaten ngédab-édabi silih selaras kaliyan objèk-objèk kasunyatan?" Panjenenganipun ugi migatosaken ''[[Kaèfèktifan boten kanalar Matématika ing salebetipun Èlmu Pangertosan Alam]]''.</ref> Kathah filsuf yakin bilih matématika boten [[keterpalsuan|kapalsukaken]] dhedhasar pacobèn, lan kanthi makaten sanès èlmu pangertosan per définisi [[Karl Popper]].<ref>{{cite book | title = Out of Their Minds: The Lives and Discoveries of 15 Great Computer Scientists | author = Shasha, Dennis Elliot; Lazere, Cathy A. | publisher = Springer | year = 1998 | page = 228}}</ref> Nanging, ing salebetipun karya wigatos taun 1930-an prakawis logika matématika nedhaken bilih matématika boten saged dipunrédhuksi dados logika, lan Karl Popper nyimpulaken bilih "sapérangan ageng téyori matématika, kados déné [[fisika]] lan [[biologi]], inggih punika [[hipotesis|hipotetis]]-[[deduktif]]: mila matématika mdados langkung caket dhumateng èlmu pangertosan alam ingkang hipotesis-hipotesisipun inggih punika konjektur (kintenan), langkung tinimbang minangka prakawis ingkang énggal."<ref>Popper 1995, p. 56</ref> Para wicaksana bestari sanèsipun, sebat kémawon [[Imre Lakatos]], sampun nerapaken satunggal vèrsi [[pamalsuan]] dhumateng matématika punika piyambak. Satunggiling tinjauan alternatif inggih punika bilih lapangan-lapangan èlmiah tinentu (upaminipun [[fisika téorètis]]) inggih punika matématika kanthi aksioma-aksioma ingkang dipuntujokaken kados makaten saéngga silih selaras kaliyan kasunyatan. Faktanipun, satunggiling fisikawan téorètis, [[J. M. Ziman]], ngajengaken pendhapat bilih èlmu pangertosan inggih punika ''pangertosan umum'' lan kanthi makaten matématika kalebet ing salebetipun.<ref>Ziman</ref> Ing sapérangan kasus, matématika kathah silih dundum kaliyan èlmu pangertosan fisika, sebat kémawon pangedhukan akibat-akibat logis saking sapérangan anggapan. [[Intuisi (pangertosan)|Intuisi]] lan [[pacobèn]] ugi gadhah peran wigatos ing salebetipun parumusan [[konjektur]]-konjektur, ing matématika, ugi ing èlmu-èlmu pangertosan (sanèsipun). [[Matématika pacobèn]] teras tuwuh ngrembaka, ngèlingi kapentinganipun ing salebetipun matématika, salajengipun komputasi lan simulasi mainaken peran ingkang tansaya kiyat, ing èlmu pangertosan, ugi ing matématika, nglemahaken objèksi ing pundi matématika boten migunakaken [[métode èlmiah]]. Ing salebetipun bukunipun ingkang dipunterbitaken taun 2002 ''[[A New Kind of Science]]'', [[Stephen Wolfram]] gadhah dalil bilih matématika komputasi patut kanggé dipunkedhuk kanthi [[empirik]] minangka lapangan èlmiah ing salebetipun hakipun/kaleresanipun piyambak. Pendhapat-pendhapat para matématikawan dhumateng prakawis punika manéka macem. Kathah matématikawan rumaos bilih kanggé nyebat wewengkonipun minangka èlmu pangertosan sami kémawon kaliyan mandhapaken kadhar kapentingan sisih èstètikanipun, lan sajarahipun ing salebeting pitu [[seni liberal]] tradhisional; ingkang sanèsipun rumaos bilih pangabaian pranala punika dhumateng èlmu pangertosan sami kémawon kaliyan muter-muter paningal ingkang wuta dhumateng fakta bilih antarslira antawisipun matématika lan panerapanipun ing salebetipun èlmu pangertosan lan [[rékayasa]] sampun ngemudhiaken kathah pangembangan ing salebetipun matématika. Satunggal dalan ingkang dipunmainaken déning prabédan pojok paningalan punika inggih punika ing salebetipun pirembagan filsafat punapa matématika ''dipunripta'' (kados ing salebetipun seni) utawi ''kapanggih'' (kados ing salebetipun èlmu pangertosan). Punika wajar kanggé [[universitas]] manawi dipunpérang dhumateng salebetipun pérangan-pérangan ingkang nganthèkaken départemèn ''Èlmu Pangertosan lan Matématika'', punika nedahaken bilih lapangan-lapangan punika dipunpriksani gadhah sekuthu nanging lapangan-lapangan punika boten kados kalih sisih keping dhuwit logam. Ing tataran praktisipun, para matématikawan limrahipun dipunklompokaken bebarengan para èlmuwan ing tataran kasar, nanging dipunpisahaken ing tataran akir. Pupunika wujud salah satunggil saking kathah prakawis ingkang dipunwigatosaken ing salebetipun [[filsafat matématika]]. Bebungah matématika limrahipun dipunpiara supados tetep kapisah saking kasetaraanipun kaliyan èlmu pangertosan. Bebungah ingkang adiluhung ing salebetipun matématika inggih punika [[Fields Medal]] (medhali lapangan),<ref>"''Fields Medal sapunika dipunsepakati paling dipuntepangi lan paling gadhah prabawa ing salebetipun matématika.''" Monastyrsky</ref><ref>Riehm</ref> dipunwiwitaken taun 1936 lan sapunika dipunslenggarakaken saben sekawan taunan. Bebungah punika asring dipunanggep setara kaliyan [[Bebungah Nobel]] èlmu pangertosan. [[Wolf Prize in Mathematics]], dipunlembagaaken taun 1978, ngakeni mangsa prèstasi, lan bebungah internasional utami sanèsipun, [[Bebungah Abel]], dipuntepangaken taun 2003. Pupunika dipunanugerahaken kanggé ruas mirunggan karya, saged wujud pangénggalan, utawi pangrampungan masalah ingkang misuwur ing saebetipun lapangan ingkang mapan. Satunggiling dhaftar misuwur kanthi isi 23 [[masalah kabikak]], ingkang dipunsebat "[[masalah Hilbert]]", dipunkempalaken taun 1900 déning matématikawan [[Jerman]] [[David Hilbert]]. Pratélan punika nggayuh pasulangan ingkang ageng ing antawisipun para matématikawan, lan paling sakedhik sanga saking masalah-masalah punika sapunika kapecahaken. Satunggiling dhaftar énggal kanthi isi pitu masalah wigatos, asesirah "[[Masalah Bebungah Milenium]]", dipunterbitaken taun 2000. Pamecahan saben masalah punika bebungahipun [[Dollar Amérika Sarékat|US$]] 1 yuta, lan namung satunggal ([[hipotésis Riemann]]) ingkang ngalami panggandhaan ing salebetipun masalah-masalah Hilbert. == Babagan-babagan matématika == [[Gambar:Abacus 6.png|right|thumb|Satunggiling [[sempoa]], piranti étung prasaja ingkang dipungunakaken wiwit jaman kuna.]] Dhisiplin-dhisiplin utami ing salebetipun matématika sepindhahipun muncul amargi kabetahan dhumateng pangétangan ing salebetipun padagangan, kanggé mahami gegayutan antarwilangan, kanggé ngukur siti, lan kanggé ngramal prastawa [[astronomi]]. Sekawan kabetahan punika kanthi kasar saged dipunkaitaken kaliyan pamérangan-pamérangan kasar matématika dhumateng salebeting pangkajian besaran, struktur, ruwang, lan éwah-éwahan (inggih punika [[aritmetika]], [[aljabar]], [[géomètri]], lan [[analisis matématika|analisis]]). Sasanèsipun pokok bahasan punika ugi wonten pamérangan-pamérangan ingkang dipunpisungsungaken kanggé pranala-pranala pangdhukan saking jantung matématika dhumateng lapangan-lapangan sanès: dhumateng [[logika matématika|logika]], dhumateng [[téyori himpunan]] ([[dhasar-dhasar matématika|dhasar]]), dhumateng matématika èmpirik saking manéka jinis èlmu pangertosan ([[matématika terapan]]), lan ingkang langkung énggal inggih punika dhumateng pangkajian kaku tumrap [[kabotenmethinan]]. === Besaran === Pangkajian besaran dipunawali déning [[wilangan]], sepindhah [[wilangan asli]] lan [[wilangan bulat]] ("sadaya wilangan") lan operasi aritmetika ing ruwang wilangan iku, kang dipunasifataken ing salebetipun [[aritmetika]]. Sifat-sipat ingkang langkung lebet saking wilangan bulat dipunkaji ing salebetipun [[téyori wilangan]], saking pundi dhatengipun asil-asil populèr kados ta [[Téoréma Pungkasan Fermat]]. Téyori wilangan ugi nyepeng kalih masalah boten kapecahaken: [[konjektur prima kembar]] lan [[konjektur Goldbach]]. Amargi sistem wilangan dipunkembangaken langkung tebih, wilangan bulat dipunakeni minangka [[himpunan pérangan]] saking [[wilangan rasional]] ("[[Pecahan (matématika)|pecahan]]"). Sauntawis wilangan pecahan wonten ing salebetipun [[wilangan réal]], ingkang dipungunakaken kanggé nyawisaken besaran-besaran [[fungsi kontinu|kontinu]]. Wilangan réal dipundadosaken umum dados [[wilangan komplèks]]. Pupunika jangkahan sepindhah saking jenjang wilangan ingkang ''beranjak'' nganthèkaken [[kuarternion]] lan [[oktonion]]. Kawigatosan dhumateng wilangan asli ugi ngarah dhumateng [[wilangan transfinit]], ingkang damel formalipun konsèp pancacahan [[kabotenkintenan]]. Wewengkon sanès pangkajian punika inggih punika ukuran, ingkang ngarah dhumateng [[wilangan kardinal]] lan salajengipun ing konsèpsi kabotenkintenan sanèsipun: [[wilangan aleph]], ingkang mungkinaken pabandhingan gadhah makna prakawis ukuran himpunan-himpunan ageng kabotenkintenan. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="20" | <math>1, 2, 3\,\!</math> || <math>-2, -1, 0, 1, 2\,\!</math> || <math> -2, \frac{2}{3}, 1.21\,\!</math> || <math>-e, \sqrt{2}, 3, \pi\,\!</math> || <math>2, i, -2+3i, 2e^{i\frac{4\pi}{3}}\,\!</math> |- | [[Wilangan asli]]|| [[Wilangan bulat]] || [[Wilangan rasional]] || [[Wilangan réal]] || [[Wilangan komplèks]] |} === Ruwang ===<!-- This section is linked from [[List of basic mathematics topics]] --> Pangkajian ruwang awalipun mawi [[géomètri]] – khususipun, [[géomètri euclid]]. [[Trigonomètri]] madhuaken ruwang lan wilangan, lan nyakupi [[Téoréma pitagoras]] ingkang misuwur. Pangkajian modhèren prakawis ruwang damel saya umum gagasan-gagasan punika kanggé nganthèkaken géometri kanthi dimènsi langkung inggil, [[géomètri boten-euclid]] (ingkang gadhah peran wigatos ing salebetipun [[rélativitas umum]]) lan [[topologi]]. Besaran lan ruwang gadhah peran wigatos ing salebetipun [[géomètri analitik]], [[géomètri diferènsial]], lan [[géomètri aljabar]]. Ing salebetipun géomètri diferènsial wonten konsèp-konsèp [[buntelan serat]] lan kalkulus [[lempitan]]. Ing salebetipun géomètri aljabar wonten panjlasan objèk-objèk géomètri minangka himpunan pangrampungan pepadhan [[polinom]], madhuaken konsèp-konsèp besaran lan ruwang, lan ugi pangkajian [[grup topologi]], ingkang madhuaken struktur lan ruwang. [[Grup lie]] biyasa dipinpigunakaken kanggé ngkaji ruwang, struktur, lan éwah-éwahan. [[Topologi]] ing salebetipun kathah pacabanganipun mungkin dados wewengkon patuwuhan paling ageng ing salebetipun matématika abad angka 20, lan nganthèkaken [[konjèktur poincaré]] ingkang sampun lami wonten lan [[téoréma sekawan warni]], ingkang namung "kasil" dipunbuktèkaken mawi komputer, lan dèreng naté dipunbuktèkaken déning manungsa kanthi manual. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="15" | [[Gambar:Illustration to Euclid's proof of the Pythagorean theorem.svg|96px]] || [[Gambar:Sine cosine plot.svg|96px]] || [[Gambar:Hyperbolic triangle.svg|96px]] || [[Gambar:Torus.png|96px]] || [[Gambar:Mandel_zoom_07_satellite.jpg|96px]] |- |[[Géomètri]] || [[Trigonomètri]] || [[Géomètri diferènsial]] || [[Topologi]] || [[Fraktal|Géomètri fraktal]] |} === Éwah-éwahan === Mahami lan njelasaken éwah-éwahan wujud téma biyasa ing salebetipun [[èlmu pangertosan alam]], lan [[kalkulus]] sampun ngrembaka minangka piranti ingkang penuh-daya kanggé nylidhiki. [[Fungsi (matématika)|Fungsi-fungsi]] muncul ing mriki, minangka konsèp wigatos kanggé njelasaken besaran ingkang éwah. Pangkajian kaku prakawis [[wilangan réal]] lan fungsi-fungsi mawi paéwah réal dipuntepangi minangka [[analisis réal]], kanthi [[analisis komplèks]] lapangan ingkang ''setara'' kanggé [[wilangan komplèks]]. [[Hipotésis Riemann]], salah satunggil masalah kabikak ingkang paling dhasar ing salebetipun matématika, dipunlukisaken saking analisis komplèks. [[Analisis fungsional]] musataken kawigatosan dhumateng [[ruwang]] fungsi (limrahipun kanthi dimènsi boten-kaétang). Setunggil saking kathah terapan analisis fungsional inggih punika [[mékanika kuantum]]. Kathah masalah kanthi alami ngarah dhumateng gegandhèngan antawisipun besaran lan laju éwah-éwahanipun, lan punika dipunkaji minangka [[pepadhan diferènsial]]. Kathah tandha-tandha ing alam saged dipunjelasaken migunakaken [[sistem dinamika]]; [[téyori kakacoan]] nambah tepat dalan-dalan ing pundi kathah sistem punika mamèraken prilaku [[sistem déterministik (matématika)|déterministik]] ingkang taksih kémawon dèrèng kakinten. {| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="20" | [[Gambar:Integral as region under curve.svg|96px]] || [[Gambar:Vector field.svg|96px]] || [[Gambar:Airflow-Obstructed-Duct.png|96px]] || [[Gambar:Limitcycle.jpg|96px]] || [[Gambar:Lorenz attractor.svg|96px]] || [[Gambar:Princ_Argument_C1.svg|96px]] |- | [[Kalkulus]] || [[Kalkulus vèktor]]|| [[Pepadhan diferènsial]] || [[Sistem dinamika]] || [[Téyori chaos]] || [[Analisis komplèks]] |} === Struktur === Kathah objèk matématika, saupami [[Himpunan (matématika)|himpunan]] wilangan lan [[fungsi (matématika)|fungsi]], mameraken struktur pérangan lebet. Sifat-sipat struktural objèk-objèk punika dipunslidhiki ing salebetipun pangkajian [[grup (matématika)|grup]], [[glanggang (matématika)|glanggang]], [[lapangan (matématika)|lapangan]] lan sistem abstrak sanèsipun, ingkang piyambakipun wujud objèk ugi. Pupunika wujud lapangan [[aljabar abstrak]]. Satunggiling konsèp wigatos ing mriki inggih punika [[Vèktor (géometri)|vèktor]], dipundadosaken umum dados [[ruwang vèktor]], lan dipunkaji ing salebetipun [[aljabar linéar]]. Pangkajian vèktor madhuaken tiga wewengkon dhasar matématika: besaran, struktur, lan ruwang. [[Kalkulus vèktor]] miyaraken lapangan punika dhumateng salebetipun wewengkon dhasar kasekawan, inggih punika éwah-éwahan. [[Kalkulus tensor]] ngkaji [[kasetangkupan]] lan prilaku vèktor ingkang dipun[[rotasi]]. Sapérangan masalah kuna prakawis [[Kompas lan konstruksi garis lurus]] pungkasanipun kapecahaken déning [[Téyori galois]]. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="15" | [[Gambar:Elliptic curve simple.svg|96px]] || [[Gambar:Rubik's cube.svg|96px]] || [[Gambar:Group diagdram D6.svg|96px]] || [[Gambar:Lattice of the divisibility of 60.svg|96px]] |- | [[Téyori wilangan]] || [[Aljabar abstrak]] || [[Téyori grup]] || [[Téyori orde]] |} === Dhasar lan filsafat === Kanggé mriksa [[dhasar-dhasar matématika]], lapangan [[logika matématika]] lan [[téyori himpunan]] dipunkembangaken, ugi [[téyori kategori]] ingkang taksih dipunkembangaken. Tembung majemuk "krisis dhasar" njelasaken pamadosan dhasar kaku kanggé matématika ingkang mundhut papan ing [[dasawarsa]] 1900-an dumugi 1930-an.<ref>Luke Howard Hodgkin & Luke Hodgkin, ''A History of Mathematics'', Oxford University Press, 2005.</ref> Sapérangan kabotensarujukan ngenani dhasar-dhasar matématika teras lumampah dumugi sapunika. Krisis dhasar dipunpicu déning sapérangan silang sengkéta ing wekdal punika kalebet [[kontrovèrsi téyori Cantor|kontrovèrsi téyori himpunan Cantor]] lan [[kontrovèrsi Brouwer-Hilbert]]. Logika matématika dipingatosaken kanthi mapanaken matématika ing satunggiling rangka kerja [[aksiom]]atis ingkang kaku, lan ngkaji asil-asil rangka kerja punika. Logika matématika wujud griya kanggé [[Téyori kabotenjangkepan Gödel|Téyori kabotenjangkepan kaping kalih Gödel]], manawi asil ingkang paling dipunriyayakaken ing donya logika, ingkang (kanthi informal) gadhah akibat bilih satunggiling [[sistem formal]] ingkang isinipun aritmetika dhasar, manawi ''swantun'' (maksudipun sadaya téoréma ingkang saged dipunbuktèkaken inggih punika leres), mila ''boten-jangkep'' (maksudipun wonten téoréma sajatos ingkang boten saged dipunbuktèkaken ''ing salebetipun sistem punika''). Gödel nedahaken cara ngonstruksi, [[sembarang]] kempalan aksioma wilangan téorètis ingkang dipunparingaken, satunggiling pranyatan formal ing salebetipun logika inggih punika satunggiling wilangan sajatos-satunggiling kasunyatan téorètik, nanging boten numuti aksioma-aksioma punika. Mila, boten wonten sistem formal ingkang wujud aksiomatisasi sajatos téyori wilangan sapenuhipun. Logika modhèren dipunpérang dhumateng salebetipun [[téyori rekursi]], [[téyori modhèl]], lan [[téyori pambuktèn]], lan magepokan caket kaliyan [[èlmu komputer]] [[èlmu komputer téorètis|téorètis]]. :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="15" | <math> p \Rightarrow q \,</math>|| [[Gambar:Venn A intersect B.svg|128px]] || [[Gambar:Commutative diagram for morphism.svg|96px]] |- | [[Logika matématika]] || [[Téyori himpunan]] || [[Téyori kategori]] || |} === Matématika diskrèt === [[Matématika diskrèt]] inggih punika nama jamak kanggé lapangan matématika ingkang paling migunani ing salebetipun [[èlmu komputer téoretis]]. Pupunika ngathèkaken [[téyori komputabilitas (komputasi)|téyori komputabilitas]], [[téyori komplèksitas komputasional]], lan [[téyori informasi]]. Téyori komputabilitas mriksa watesan-watesan manéka modhèl téoretis komputer, kalebet modhèl ingkang dipuntepangi paling gadhah daya-[[Mesin turing]]. Téyori komplèksitas inggih punika pangkajian traktabilitas déning komputer; sapérangan masalah, sanadyan kanthi téoretis karampungaken déning komputer, nanging cekap awis miturut kontèks wekdal lan ruwang, boten saged dipundamel kanthi praktis, malah kanthi cepetipun kamajengan [[piranti atos]] komputer. Pungkasanipun, téyori informasi musataken kawigatosan dhumateng kathahipun data ingkang saged dipunsimpen ing médhia ingkang dipuparingaken, lan mila sesambetan kaliyan konsèp-konsèp saupami [[pamadhetan data|pamadhetan]] lan [[Éntropi (téyori informasi|éntropi]]. Minangka lapangan ingkang rélatif énggal, matématika diskrèt gadhah sapérangan masalah kabikak ingkang kalebet masalah dhasar. Ingkang paling misuwur inggih punika masalah "[[masalah P = NP|P=NP?]]", salah satunggil [[Masalah Bebungah Milenium]].<ref>[http://www.claymath.org/millennium/P_vs_NP/ Clay Mathematics Institute] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015173412/http://www.claymath.org/millennium/P_vs_NP/ |date=2013-10-15 }} P=NP</ref> :{| style="border:1px solid #ddd; text-align:center; margin: auto;" cellspacing="15" | <math>\begin{matrix} (1,2,3) & (1,3,2) \\ (2,1,3) & (2,3,1) \\ (3,1,2) & (3,2,1) \end{matrix}</math> || [[Gambar:DFAexample.svg|96px]] || [[Gambar:Caesar3.svg|96px]] || [[Gambar:6n-graf.svg|96px]] |- | [[Kombinatorika]] || [[Téyori komputasi]] || [[Kriptografi]] || [[Téyori graf]] |} === Matématika terapan === [[Matématika terapan]] sesambetan kaliyan panggunaan piranti matématika abstrak kanggé mecahaken masalah-masalah konkrèt ing salebetipun [[èlmu pangertosan]], [[bisnis]], lan wewengkon sanèsipun. Satunggiling lapangan wigatos ing salebetipun matématika terapan inggih punika [[statistika]], ingkang migunakaken [[téyori peluang]] minangka piranti lan marengaken panjlasan, analisis, lan paramalan tandha-tandha ing pundi [[probabilitas|peluang]] gadhah peran wigatos. Sapérangan ageng pacobèn, survey, lan pangkajian pangamatan mbetahaken statistika. (Nanging kathah [[statistikawan]], boten nganggep piyambakipun minangka matématikawan, nanging minangka golongan sekuthu.) [[Analisis numerik]] nylidhiki métode komputasional kanggé mecahaken masalah-masalah matématika kanthi èfisièn ingkang limrahipun kalangkung amba kanggé kapasitas numerik manungsa; analisis numerik nglibataken pangkajian [[galat pamotongan]] utawi sumber-sumber galat sanès ing salebetipun komputasi. <center> <gallery> Gambar:Gravitation space source.png | <center>[[Fisika matématika]]</center> Gambar:BernoullisLawDerivationDiagram.svg | <center>[[Mékanika fluida]]</center> Gambar:Composite trapezoidal rule illustration small.svg | <center>[[Analisis numerik]]</center> Gambar:Maximum boxed.png | <center>[[Optimisasi (matématika)|Optimisasi]]</center> Gambar:Two red dice 01.svg | <center>[[Téyori peluang]]</center> Gambar:Oldfaithful3.png | <center>[[Statistika]]</center> Gambar:Market Data Index NYA on 20050726 202628 UTC.png | <center>[[Matématika kauangan]]</center> Gambar:Arbitrary-gametree-solved.svg | <center>[[Téyori permainan]]</center> Gambar:Signal transduction v1.png | <center>[[Biologi matématika]]</center> Gambar:CH4-structure.svg| <center>[[Kimia matématika]]</center> Gambar:GDP PPP Per Capita IMF 2008.png | <center>[[Ékonomi matématika]]</center> Gambar:Simple feedback control loop2.svg| <center>[[Téyori kontrol]]</center> </gallery> </center> == [[Pipalanda]] == Pipalanda punika akronim, cekakan saking tembung [[tangkaran|'''pi'''ng]], [[paran|'''pa'''ra]], [[panambahan|'''lan]] lan [[pangurangan|su'''da]]. Tembung-tembung wau wujud sekawan saking [[operasi matématika]] dhasar wonten ing [[aritmatika]] ingkang asring kanggé sadinten-dinten. Urutanipun kedah kados makaten, dados manawi wonten operasi matématika ingkang wujud gabungan kedah dipunurut ping-pingan utawi paran lajeng panambahan utawi pangirangan. * '''pi'''ng (tandha x) inggih punika operasi matématika kanggé ngepingaken (penskalaan satungan wilangan kaliyan wilangan sanèsipun. * '''pa'''ra (tandha:) inggih punika operasi matématika ingkang mbagi satunggiling wilangan kaliyan wilangan sanèsipun. * '''lan''' (tandha +) inggih punika operasi matématika kanggé nambah satunggiling wilangan kaliyan wilangan sanèsipun. * su'''da''' (tandha-) inggih punika operasi matématika kanggé nyuda satunggiling wilangan kaliyan wilangan sanèsipun. Urutan salebeting ngayahi operasi matématika ingkang langkung pepak inggih punika dipunwiwiti wilangan ingkang wonten ing salebeting tandha kurung: () lan ingkang wonten ing salebeting tandha [[kurung kurawal]]: {}, dipunlajengaken urutan ping para lan suda. Tuladha: {(10+2X3-6:2) + (9-4:2+5X1)} Étangan dipunwiwiti kanthi ngétang kanthi urut kados kasebat ing ngandhap punika *Salebeting tandha kurung ingkang kaping sepindhah: **2X3=6 (ping) **6:2=3 (para) **10+6=16 (lan) **16-3=13 (suda) *Salebeting tandha kurung ingkang kaping kalih: **5X1=5 (ping) **4:2=2 (para) **2+5=7 (lan) **9-7=2 (suda) *Étangan pungkasan, asil saking étangan ing salebeting tandha kurung sepindhah dipuntambah asil operasi matématika ing tandha kurung kaping kalih, dados: 13 + 2 = 15 == Ugi pirsani == <div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> * [[Pratélan simbol matématika]] * [[Dhéfinisi matématika]] * [[Dyscalculia]] * [[Pratélan topik matématika dhasar]] * [[Pratélan topik matématika]] * [[Mathematical anxiety]] * [[Permainan matématis]] * [[Modhèl matématika]] * [[Masalah matématika]] * [[Struktur matématika]] * [[Matématika lan seni]] * [[Lomba matématika]] * [[Pendhidhikan matématika]] * [[Portal:Matématika|Portal Matématika]] * [[Pola]] * [[Filsafat matématika]] * [[Abacus]] * [[Balung Napier]], [[Jangka sorong]] * [[Garisan]] lan [[Kompas]] * [[Pètungan biyasa]] * [[Kalkulator]] lan [[komputer]] * [[Basa pamrograman]] * [[Sistem komputer aljabar]] * [[Notasi prasaja Internèt]] * [[Analisis statistik]] [[piranti alus]] ** [[SPSS]] ** [[SAS]] ** [http://www.r-project.org R] </div> == Cathetan == {{reflist|2}} == Réferènsi == {{refbegin|2}} * Benson, Donald C., ''The Moment of Proof: Mathematical Epiphanies'', Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition (December 14, 2000). ISBN 0-19-513919-4. * [[Carl B. Boyer|Boyer, Carl B.]], ''A History of Mathematics'', Wiley; 2 edition (March 6, 1991). ISBN 0-471-54397-7. — A concise history of mathematics from the Concept of Number to contemporary Mathematics. * Courant, R. and H. Robbins, ''What Is Mathematics?: An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods'', Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition (July 18, 1996). ISBN 0-19-510519-2. * [[Philip J. Davis|Davis, Philip J.]] and [[Reuben Hersh|Hersh, Reuben]], ''[[The Mathematical Experience]]''. Mariner Books; Reprint edition (January 14, 1999). ISBN 0-395-92968-7. — A gentle introduction to the world of mathematics. * {{cite journal | last = Einstein | first = Albert | authorlink = Albert Einstein | title = Sidelights on Relativity (Geometry and Experience) | publisher = P. Dutton., Co | year = 1923}} * Eves, Howard, ''An Introduction to the History of Mathematics'', Sixth Edition, Saunders, 1990, ISBN 0-03-029558-0. * Gullberg, Jan, ''Mathematics — From the Birth of Numbers''. W. W. Norton & Company; 1st edition (October 1997). ISBN 0-393-04002-X. — An encyclopedic overview of mathematics presented in clear, simple language. * Hazewinkel, Michiel (ed.), ''[[Encyclopaedia of Mathematics]]''. Kluwer Academic Publishers 2000. — A translated and expanded version of a Soviet mathematics encyclopedia, in ten (expensive) volumes, the most complete and authoritative work available. Also in paperback and on CD-ROM, and online [http://eom.springer.de/default.htm]. * Jourdain, Philip E. B., ''The Nature of Mathematics'', in ''The World of Mathematics'', James R. Newman, editor, Dover, 2003, ISBN 0-486-43268-8. * [[Morris Kline|Kline, Morris]], ''Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times'', Oxford University Press, USA; Paperback edition (March 1, 1990). ISBN 0-19-506135-7. * {{cite paper|url=http://www.fields.utoronto.ca/aboutus/FieldsMedal_Monastyrsky.pdf|year=2001|title=Some Trends in Modern Mathematics and the Fields Medal|author=Monastyrsky, Michael|publisher=Canadian Mathematical Society|accessdate=2006-07-28|format=PDF}} * [[Oxford English Dictionary]], second edition, ed. John Simpson and Edmund Weiner, Clarendon Press, 1989, ISBN 0-19-861186-2. * ''[[The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology]]'', 1983 reprint. ISBN 0-19-861112-9. * Pappas, Theoni, ''The Joy Of Mathematics'', Wide World Publishing; Revised edition (June 1989). ISBN 0-933174-65-9. * {{cite journal|title= Linear Associative Algebra|first= Benjamin|last= Peirce|journal= American Journal of Mathematics|issue= Vol. 4, No. 1/4. (1881|url= http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-9327%281881%294%3A1%2F4%3C97%3ALAA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-X|pages= 97-229}} [[JSTOR]]. * Peterson, Ivars, ''Mathematical Tourist, New and Updated Snapshots of Modern Mathematics'', Owl Books, 2001, ISBN 0-8050-7159-8. * {{cite book | last = Paulos | first = John Allen | authorlink = John Allen Paulos | year = 1996 | title = A Mathematician Reads the Newspaper | publisher = Anchor | isbn = 0-385-48254-X}} * {{Cite book | first=Karl R. | last=Popper | authorlink=Karl Popper | title=In Search of a Better World: Lectures and Essays from Thirty Years | chapter=On knowledge | publisher=Routledge | year=1995 | isbn=0-415-13548-6}} * {{cite journal | last = Riehm | first = Carl | authorlink = | title = The Early History of the Fields Medal | journal = Notices of the AMS | volume = 49 | issue = 7 | pages = 778–782 | publisher = AMS | date = Agustus 2002 | url = http://www.ams.org/notices/200207/comm-riehm.pdf | doi = | id = | accessdate = | format = PDF | archive-date = 2006-10-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061026000014/http://www.ams.org/notices/200207/comm-riehm.pdf | url-status = dead }} * {{cite journal| last = Sevryuk| first = Mikhail B.| authorlink = Mikhail B. Sevryuk| date = Januari 2006| title = Book Reviews| journal = [[Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society]]| volume = 43| issue = 1| pages = 101–109| url = http://www.ams.org/bull/2006-43-01/S0273-0979-05-01069-4/S0273-0979-05-01069-4.pdf| format = PDF| accessdate = 2006-06-24| doi = 10.1090/S0273-0979-05-01069-4| archive-date = 2006-07-23| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060723082901/http://www.ams.org/bull/2006-43-01/S0273-0979-05-01069-4/S0273-0979-05-01069-4.pdf| url-status = dead}} * {{cite book | last = Waltershausen | first = Wolfgang Sartorius von | authorlink = Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen | title = Gauss zum Gedächtniss | orig-date = 1856 | year = 1965 | publisher = Sändig Reprint Verlag H. R. Wohlwend | isbn = 3-253-01702-8 | asin = B0000BN5SQ | url = http://www.amazon.de/Gauss-Ged%e4chtnis-Wolfgang-Sartorius-Waltershausen/dp/3253017028 }} * {{cite paper|url=http://info.med.yale.edu/therarad/summers/ziman.htm|year=1968|title=Public Knowledge:An essay concerning the social dimension of science|author=Ziman, J.M., F.R.S.}} {{refend}} == Pranala njawi == {{sisterlinks|Matématika}} <!-- {{WVS}} --> <div class="references-small"> * [http://www.preceptorial.com/ Preceptorial] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110129022853/http://www.preceptorial.com/ |date=2011-01-29 }} Kumpulan matéri lan soal matématika SD, SMP, SMA * [http://www.skypoint.com/members/waltzmn/Mathematics.html Sajarah Matématika] * [http://freebookcentre.net/SpecialCat/Free-Mathematics-Books-Download.html Buku-buku matématika bébas] Kumpulan buku matématika bébas. * [http://www.mathmotivation.com/all-applications.html Panerapan Aljabar SMA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309134910/http://www.mathmotivation.com/all-applications.html |date=2021-03-09 }} * [[Encyclopaedia of Mathematics]] ensiklopedia '''online''' saking [http://eom.springer.de Springer], Karya réferènsi pascasarjana kanthi langkung saking 8.000 irah-irahan, nyerahaken mèh 50.000 gagasan ing salebetipun matématika. * [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/hmat.html Situs HyperMath ing Georgia State University] * [http://www.freescience.info/mathematics.php Perpustakaan FreeScience] Pérangan matématika saking pabukon FreeScience * Rusin, Dave: [http://www.math-atlas.org/ ''The Mathematical Atlas''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040403120115/http://www.math-atlas.org/ |date=2004-04-03 }}. Panduan wisata liwat manéka jinis matématika modhèren. (Ugi saged kapanggih [http://www.math.niu.edu/~rusin/known-math/index/index.html ing mriki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006114449/http://www.math.niu.edu/~rusin/known-math/index/index.html |date=2006-10-06 }}.) * Polyanin, Andrei: [http://eqworld.ipmnet.ru/ ''EqWorld: The World of Mathematical Equations'']. Satunggaling sumber '''online''' ingkang musataken kawigatosan dhumateng [[fisika matématika]] aljabar, diferensial biyasa, diferensial parsial, integral, lan pepadhan-pepadhan matématika sanèsipun. * Cain, George: [http://www.math.gatech.edu/~cain/textbooks/onlinebooks.html Buku tèks Matématika '''Online'''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090308193152/http://www.math.gatech.edu/~cain/textbooks/onlinebooks.html |date=2009-03-08 }} sumadiya '''online''' kanthi bébas. * [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anaVII.html Matématika lan Logika: Saarah matématika formal, gagasan-gagasan logis, linguistik, lan métodologis.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090908035217/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/DicHist/analytic/anaVII.html |date=2009-09-08 }} Ing salebetipun ''Kamus Sajarah Gagasan.'' * [http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/ Riwayat Gesang Matématikawan]. [[Arsip Sajarah Matématika MacTutor]] sajarah èkstènsif lan kutipan saking matématikawan misuwur. * [http://metamath.org/ ''Metamath'']. Satunggiling situs lan satunggiling basa, ingkang damel formal matématika saking dhasar-dhasaripun. * [http://www.nrich.maths.org/public/index.php Nrich] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101133734/http://nrich.maths.org/public/index.php |date=2012-01-01 }}, satunggiling situs panampi bebungah kanggé para siswa kanthi yuswa wiwit gangsal taun saking [[Universitas Cambridge]] * [http://garden.irmacs.sfu.ca Taman Masalah Terbuka], satunggiling [[wiki]] saking masalah matématika kabikak * [http://planetmath.org/ ''Planet Math'']. Satunggiling ensiklopedia matématika '''online''' ingkang taksih dipunyasa, musataken kawigatosan dhumateng matématika modhèren. Migunakaken [[Lisensi Dokumentasi Bebas GNU|GFDL]], mungkinaken silih gentos artikel kaliyan Wikipédia. Migunakaken pamrograman [[TeX]]. * [http://www-math.mit.edu/daimp Sapérangan aplet matématika, ing [[Institut Teknologi Massachussetts|MIT]]] * Weisstein, Eric et al.: [http://www.mathworld.com/ ''MathWorld: World of Mathematics''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110107054807/http://www-math.mit.edu/daimp/ |date=2011-01-07 }}. Satunggiling ensiklopédia '''online''' matématika. * Patrick Jones' [http://www.youtube.com/user/patrickJMT Tutorial Video] prakawis Matématika </div> {{Babagan matematika}} {{artikel pilihan}} [[Kategori:Artikel mawa basa krama]] [[Kategori:Èlmu]] [[Kategori:Matematika]] 3awe1ld3tkey8ij48z2az9ctlozyeim 0 20279 1747584 1744625 2026-04-26T08:51:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Italian comune | name = Firenze | official_name = ''Comune ing Firenze'' | native_name = ''Firenze'' | image_skyline = Collage Firenze.jpg | imagesize = 270px | image_alt = | image_caption =''[[Uffizi]]'' (kiri atas), ''Palazzo Pitti'', pamandangan [[srengéngé]] lengser lan ''Fontana del Nettuno'' ing ''Piazza della Signoria''. | image_shield = FlorenceCoA.svg | shield_alt = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | latd = 43 |latm = 47 |lats = |latNS = N | longd = 11 |longm = 15 |longs = |longEW = E | coordinates_type = | coordinates_display = title | coordinates_footnotes = | region = [[Toscana]] | province = [[Provinsi Firenze|Firenze]] (FI) | frazioni = | mayor_party = Parté Dhémokrat | mayor = [[Matteo Renzi]] | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 102.41 | population_footnotes = <ref>‘City’ population (i.e., that of the ''[[comune]]'' or municipality) from [http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2009gen/index.html=Monthly demographic balance: January–April 2009], [[Istituto Nazionale di Statistica|ISTAT]].</ref> | population_total = 368362 | population_as_of = 30 April 2009 | pop_density_footnotes = | population_demonym = Fiorentini | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 50 | twin1 = | twin1_country = | saint = [[Yohanes Pembaptis]] | day = 24 Juni | postal_code = 50121-50145 | area_code = 055 | website = {{Official website|http://www.comune.firenze.it}} | footnotes = }} {{Infobox World Heritage Site |Name = Pusat Bersejarah Firenze |infoboxwidth= 250px |Image = [[Berkas:Uffizi Gallery, Florence.jpg|200px|Historic Centre of Florence]] |State Party = {{ITA}} |Type = Cultural |Criteria = i, ii, iii, iv, vi |ID = 174 |Region = Éropah&nbsp;dan&nbsp;Amérika&nbsp;Utara |Year = 1982 |Session = 6 }} [[Gambar:Picture 040.jpg|thumb|left|220px| Duomo]] [[Gambar:Florence italy duomo.jpg|thumb|left|220px]] '''Firenze''' ([[basa Latin|Latin]] ''Florentia'', [[basa Inggris|Inggris]] ''Florence'') iku [[kutha]] ing jantung region [[Toscana]], ing punjer [[Italia]] lan ana pinggiré [[Kali Arno]]. Kutha iki nduwé populasi cacahé watara [[400.000]] ditambah populasi jaba kutha kang ngluwihi [[200.000]]. Firenze iku kutha krajan ''regione'' Toscana, kutha krajan [[provinsi Firenze]] lan kanggo sauntara yaiku taun ([[1865]]-[[1871]]), dadi kutha krajan Karajan [[Italia]]. Firenze wis suwé dikuwasani déning kulawarga [[Medici]] ([[1434]]-[[1494]], [[1512]]-[[1527]] lan [[1530]]-[[1737]]). Minangka punjer dagang lan [[finansial]] [[Éropah]] ing [[Jaman Pertengahan]], Firenze kadhangkala dianggep panggonan lair [[Renaisans]] [[Italia]]. Firenze sugih bab [[seni|kasenian]] lan [[arsitèktur]]. Ing kutha iki uga ana klub [[bal-balan]] misuwur yaiku [[Fiorentina]]. == Panganan == Panganan khas Firenze tuwuh saka tradhisi masarakat padesan, dudu kalangan bangsawan lan nggunakake daging minangka bahan utama. Kanggo panggonan pambuka, ana Crostini Roscani, irisan roti panggang sing diwenehi olesan pate ati pitik lan aenak daging irisan kaya prosciutto lan salem. Dene kanggo panganan utama, ana Bistecca alla Florentina. Panganan ini awujud steak daging sapi Chianina sing disajekake setengah matang. Ana uga Tagliata, irisan tipis daging sapi sing disajekake karo arugula, keju parmesan, lan lenga zaitun. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.welcometuscany.it/special_interest/wine_food_olive_oil/olive_oil.htm|title=Tuscany travel guide tuscany booking reservations accommodations vacation in Tuscany region Italy book|last=welcometuscany.it|website=welcometuscany.it|language=it|access-date=2026-02-27|archive-date=2024-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914084521/http://www.welcometuscany.it/special_interest/wine_food_olive_oil/olive_oil.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Tokoh misuwur == * [[Dante Alighieri]] * [[Lorenzo de Medici]] * [[Cosimo de Medici]] * [[Michelangelo]] * [[Girolamo Savonarola]] * [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] * [[Baccio D'Agnolo]] * [[Marco Masini]] * [[Carlo Collodi]] * [[Franco Zeffirelli]] * [[Florence Nightingale]] * [[Oriana Fallaci]] == Pranala njaba == {{commons|Firenze}} * [http://www.compart-multimedia.com/virtuale/us/florence/florence_italy.htm Florence: Virtual travel in the city of Renaissance] (English/Italian) * [http://www.lodgephoto.com/galleries/italy-tuscany/florence/ Foto-foto Firenze] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050303172700/http://www.lodgephoto.com/galleries/italy-tuscany/florence/ |date=2005-03-03 }} * [http://www.firenze-online.com Firenze Travel Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608164157/https://www.firenze-online.com/ |date=2023-06-08 }} (English/Italian/Deutsch/French) * [http://www.florence-photos.eu Florence Photos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308162119/http://www.florence-photos.eu/ |date=2007-03-08 }} (English) == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} {{Provinsi Firenze}} {{Toscana}} {{Italia}} {{Kutha krajan region Italia}} [[Kategori:Toscana]] [[Kategori:Situs Warisan Donya ing Italia]] {{geo-stub}} s079ryyzv8syol680a3ipvybs25gvyv 0 23245 1747548 1652868 2026-04-25T19:32:43Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747548 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300px" align="right" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<span style="font-size:large;">'''Gemeente {{PAGENAME}}'''</span> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {| |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Image:Flag of Cromstrijen.svg|132px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Image:Coat of arms of Cromstrijen.svg|100px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|<small>Gendéra {{PAGENAME}}</small> |align="center" width="140px"|<small>Lambang {{PAGENAME}}</small> |} |- |align=center colspan=2| <br>[[Image:Locatie{{PAGENAME}}.png|240px]]<br><br><div class="center">{{PAGENAME}} ing Walanda</div><br> |- ! colspan="2" | Katrangan cekak |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Provinsi ing Walanda|Provinsi]]: || [[Zuid-Holland]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Jembar: || 70,31 [[kilomèter pasagi|km²]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Padunung]]: || 12.900 <small>(1 November 2007)</small> |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Situs wèb resmi: || http://www.{{PAGENAME}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427054444/https://api/ |date=2017-04-27 }}.nl |- ! colspan="2" | Pulitik |- style="background: #ffffff;" | ''Burgemeester'' (Walikutha): || Giel Janssen |} '''Cromstrijen''' iku ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Holland Kidul|''Zuid-Holland'' utawa Holland Kidul]], [[Walanda]]. ==Latar wuri== Provinsi Holland Kidul sing papané ana ing kuloné Walanda iku provinsi ing Walanda kanthi cacahé sing ndunungi gedhé dhéwé. Provinsi iki ing taun 2008 dipérang dadi 86 ''gemeente''. Ing Walanda ''gemeente'' iku pérangan administratif sangisoring provinsi. Dadi provinsi iku antara nagara lan ''gemeente''. Jaman mbiyèn kabèh panggonan iku uga ''gemeente'' ing Walanda. Saka désa cilik nganti kutha krajan. Nanging saiki wis ora mangkono manèh. Akèh panggonan sing digabung dadi siji supaya olèh ''gemeente'' sing ukurané sedheng. ==Pranala njaba== *{{nl}} [http://www.{{PAGENAME}}.nl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314171344/http://www.api.nl/ |date=2008-03-14 }} {{GemeentenZuid-Holland}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] ard47iarzmu8l6ek5g9ufkbm3r2mcnz 0 23256 1747560 1652904 2026-04-26T01:43:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747560 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300px" align="right" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<span style="font-size:large;">'''Gemeente {{PAGENAME}}'''</span> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {| |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Image:Dirksland vlag.svg|132px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Image:Dirksland wapen.svg|90px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|<small>Gendéra {{PAGENAME}}</small> |align="center" width="140px"|<small>Lambang {{PAGENAME}}</small> |} |- |align=center colspan=2| <br>[[Image:Locatie{{PAGENAME}}.png|240px]]<br><br><div class="center">{{PAGENAME}} ing Walanda</div><br> |- ! colspan="2" | Katrangan cekak |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Provinsi ing Walanda|Provinsi]]: || [[Zuid-Holland]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Jembar: || 74,15 [[kilomèter pasagi|km²]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Padunung]]: || 8.296 <small>(1 November 2007)</small> |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Situs wèb resmi: || http://www.{{PAGENAME}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427054444/https://api/ |date=2017-04-27 }}.nl |- ! colspan="2" | Pulitik |- style="background: #ffffff;" | ''Burgemeester'' (Walikutha): || S. Stoop |} '''Dirksland''' iku ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Holland Kidul|''Zuid-Holland'' utawa Holland Kidul]], [[Walanda]]. ==Latar wuri== Provinsi Holland Kidul sing papané ana ing kuloné Walanda iku provinsi ing Walanda kanthi cacahé sing ndunungi gedhé dhéwé. Provinsi iki ing taun 2008 dipérang dadi 86 ''gemeente''. Ing Walanda ''gemeente'' iku pérangan administratif sangisoring provinsi. Dadi provinsi iku antara nagara lan ''gemeente''. Jaman mbiyèn kabèh panggonan iku uga ''gemeente'' ing Walanda. Saka désa cilik nganti kutha krajan. Nanging saiki wis ora mangkono manèh. Akèh panggonan sing digabung dadi siji supaya olèh ''gemeente'' sing ukurané sedheng. ==Pranala njaba== *{{nl}} [http://www.{{PAGENAME}}.nl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314171344/http://www.api.nl/ |date=2008-03-14 }} {{GemeentenZuid-Holland}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] asldz8m6sd3vc3v5q9o1rhtk22fm15b 0 23868 1747539 1198000 2026-04-25T13:27:35Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747539 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Buren''' iku ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Gelderland]], [[Walanda]]. ==Latar wuri== Provinsi Gelderland sing papané ana ing wétané Walanda iku saka 12 provinsi Walanda lan salah siji sing gedhé ambané wewengkoné. Provinsi iki ing taun 2008 dipérang dadi 56 ''gemeente''. Ing Walanda ''gemeente'' iku pérangan administratif sangisoring provinsi. Dadi provinsi iku antara nagara lan ''gemeente''. Jaman mbiyèn kabèh panggonan iku uga ''gemeente'' ing Walanda. Saka désa cilik nganti kutha krajan. Nanging saiki wis ora mangkono manèh. Akèh panggonan sing digabung dadi siji supaya olèh ''gemeente'' sing ukurané sedheng. ==Pranala njaba== *{{nl}} [http://www.{{PAGENAME}}.nl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314171344/http://www.api.nl/ |date=2008-03-14 }} {{GemeentenGelderland}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] 3x15vefntkl8ipf159f8iu0rgec7zdk 0 23869 1747549 1573067 2026-04-25T19:45:53Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747549 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border=1 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="300px" align="right" style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+<span style="font-size:large;">'''Culemborg'''</span> |- |style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2| {| |- |align="center" width="140px"|[[Gambar:Culemborg flag correct.svg|120px]] |align="center" width="140px"|[[Gambar:Coat of arms of Culemborg.svg|120px]] |- |align="center" width="140px"|<small>Gendéra {{PAGENAME}}</small> |align="center" width="140px"|<small>Lambang {{PAGENAME}}</small> |} |- |align=center colspan=2| <br />[[Gambar:LocatieCulemborg.png|240px]]<br /><br /><div class="center">{{PAGENAME}} ing Walanda</div><br /> |- ! colspan="2" | Katrangan cekak |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Provinsi ing Walanda|Provinsi]]: || [[Gelderland]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Jembar: || 31,18 [[kilomèter pasagi|km²]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Padunung]]: || 27.458 <small>(31 Mèi 2009)</small> |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Situs wèb resmi: || http://www.culemborg.nl |- ! colspan="2" | Pulitik |- style="background: #ffffff;" | ''Burgemeester'' (Walikutha): || Roland van Schelven |} '''Culemborg''' (biyèn uga diarani ''Kuilenburg'') iku ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Gelderland]], [[Walanda]]. [[Gambar:Culemborg 1649 Blaeu.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Culemborg sajeroning peta Joan Blaeu gawéan Tooneel der Steeden, 1649]] == Latar wuri == Provinsi [[Gelderland]] sing papané ana ing wétané [[Walanda]] iku saka 12 provinsi [[Walanda]] lan salah siji sing gedhé ambané wewengkoné. Provinsi iki ing taun 2008 dipérang dadi 56 ''gemeente''. Ing Walanda ''gemeente'' iku pérangan [[administratif]] sangisoring provinsi. Dadi provinsi iku antara nagara lan ''gemeente''. Jaman mbiyèn kabèh panggonan iku uga ''gemeente'' ing Walanda. Saka désa cilik nganti kutha krajan. Nanging saiki wis ora mangkono manèh. Akèh panggonan sing digabung dadi siji supaya olèh ''gemeente'' sing ukurané sedheng. == Pranala njaba == * {{nl}} [http://www.{{PAGENAME}}.nl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314171344/http://www.api.nl/ |date=2008-03-14 }} {{GemeentenGelderland}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] d7qgbyue34399p1xe2yezj2eubtz6wd 0 23870 1747561 1198019 2026-04-26T02:07:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747561 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Doesburg''' iku ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Gelderland]], [[Walanda]]. == Latar wuri == Provinsi Gelderland sing papané ana ing wétané Walanda iku saka 12 provinsi Walanda lan salah siji sing gedhé ambané wewengkoné. Provinsi iki ing taun 2008 dipérang dadi 56 ''gemeente''. Ing Walanda ''gemeente'' iku pérangan administratif sangisoring provinsi. Dadi provinsi iku antara nagara lan ''gemeente''. Jaman mbiyèn kabèh panggonan iku uga ''gemeente'' ing Walanda. Saka désa cilik nganti kutha krajan. Nanging saiki wis ora mangkono manèh. Akèh panggonan sing digabung dadi siji supaya olèh ''gemeente'' sing ukurané sedheng. == Pranala njaba == * {{nl}} [http://www.{{PAGENAME}}.nl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314171344/http://www.api.nl/ |date=2008-03-14 }} {{GemeentenGelderland}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] jjwh5o94bggrel21dhzqwem05nnj2w3 0 23871 1747562 1198011 2026-04-26T02:07:35Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747562 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Doetinchem''' iku ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Gelderland]], [[Walanda]]. == Latar wuri == Provinsi Gelderland sing papané ana ing wétané Walanda iku saka 12 provinsi Walanda lan salah siji sing gedhé ambané wewengkoné. Provinsi iki ing taun 2008 dipérang dadi 56 ''gemeente''. Ing Walanda ''gemeente'' iku pérangan administratif sangisoring provinsi. Dadi provinsi iku antara nagara lan ''gemeente''. Jaman mbiyèn kabèh panggonan iku uga ''gemeente'' ing Walanda. Saka désa cilik nganti kutha krajan. Nanging saiki wis ora mangkono manèh. Akèh panggonan sing digabung dadi siji supaya olèh ''gemeente'' sing ukurané sedheng. == Pranala njaba == * {{nl}} [http://www.{{PAGENAME}}.nl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314171344/http://www.api.nl/ |date=2008-03-14 }} {{GemeentenGelderland}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] di4kskdbrwgf60rqo6gfeqvnaqru3im 0 23872 1747564 1198036 2026-04-26T02:52:38Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747564 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Druten''' iku ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Gelderland]], [[Walanda]]. == Latar wuri == Provinsi Gelderland sing papané ana ing wétané Walanda iku saka 12 provinsi Walanda lan salah siji sing gedhé ambané wewengkoné. Provinsi iki ing taun 2008 dipérang dadi 56 ''gemeente''. Ing Walanda ''gemeente'' iku pérangan administratif sangisoring provinsi. Dadi provinsi iku antara nagara lan ''gemeente''. Jaman mbiyèn kabèh panggonan iku uga ''gemeente'' ing Walanda. Saka désa cilik nganti kutha krajan. Nanging saiki wis ora mangkono manèh. Akèh panggonan sing digabung dadi siji supaya olèh ''gemeente'' sing ukurané sedheng. == Pranala njaba == * {{nl}} [http://www.{{PAGENAME}}.nl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314171344/http://www.api.nl/ |date=2008-03-14 }} {{GemeentenGelderland}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] tu4f3z0vm671uqjn3acpvdqwpwdqpe3 0 23873 1747565 1424919 2026-04-26T02:58:43Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747565 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Duiven''' iku ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Gelderland]], [[Walanda]]. ==Latar wuri== Provinsi Gelderland sing papané ana ing wétané Walanda iku saka 12 provinsi Walanda lan salah siji sing gedhé ambané wewengkoné. Provinsi iki ing taun 2008 dipérang dadi 56 ''gemeente''. Ing Walanda ''gemeente'' iku pérangan administratif sangisoring provinsi. Dadi provinsi iku antara nagara lan ''gemeente''. Jaman mbiyèn kabèh panggonan iku uga ''gemeente'' ing Walanda. Saka désa cilik nganti kutha krajan. Nanging saiki wis ora mangkono manèh. Akèh panggonan sing digabung dadi siji supaya olèh ''gemeente'' sing ukurané sedheng. ==Pranala njaba== *{{nl}} [http://www.{{PAGENAME}}.nl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314171344/http://www.api.nl/ |date=2008-03-14 }} {{GemeentenGelderland}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] e7jyo0mpe0zcvzlrd19b2otfw5le7yi 0 23874 1747571 1424920 2026-04-26T03:44:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ede''' iku ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Gelderland]], [[Walanda]]. == Latar wuri == Provinsi Gelderland sing papané ana ing wétané Walanda iku saka 12 provinsi Walanda lan salah siji sing gedhé ambané wewengkoné. Provinsi iki ing taun 2008 dipérang dadi 56 ''gemeente''. Ing Walanda ''gemeente'' iku pérangan administratif sangisoring provinsi. Dadi provinsi iku antara nagara lan ''gemeente''. Jaman mbiyèn kabèh panggonan iku uga ''gemeente'' ing Walanda. Saka désa cilik nganti kutha krajan. Nanging saiki wis ora mangkono manèh. Akèh panggonan sing digabung dadi siji supaya olèh ''gemeente'' sing ukurané sedheng. == Pranala njaba == * {{nl}} [http://www.{{PAGENAME}}.nl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314171344/http://www.api.nl/ |date=2008-03-14 }} {{GemeentenGelderland}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] 02icjv230xfozdneioot24vtwqgomzi 0 23875 1747572 1198025 2026-04-26T04:23:07Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747572 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elburg''' iku ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Gelderland]], [[Walanda]]. == Latar wuri == Provinsi Gelderland sing papané ana ing wétané Walanda iku saka 12 provinsi Walanda lan salah siji sing gedhé ambané wewengkoné. Provinsi iki ing taun 2008 dipérang dadi 56 ''gemeente''. Ing Walanda ''gemeente'' iku pérangan administratif sangisoring provinsi. Dadi provinsi iku antara nagara lan ''gemeente''. Jaman mbiyèn kabèh panggonan iku uga ''gemeente'' ing Walanda. Saka désa cilik nganti kutha krajan. Nanging saiki wis ora mangkono manèh. Akèh panggonan sing digabung dadi siji supaya olèh ''gemeente'' sing ukurané sedheng. == Pranala njaba == * {{nl}} [http://www.{{PAGENAME}}.nl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314171344/http://www.api.nl/ |date=2008-03-14 }} {{GemeentenGelderland}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] 58hqp8dmym31ykrike7n22p2nh0xco5 0 23876 1747575 1429777 2026-04-26T06:48:03Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747575 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |official_name = Epe | image_flag = Flag of Epe.png | flag_size = 120x100px | flag_alt = Flag of Epe | image_seal = | seal_size = | seal_alt = | image_shield = Coat of arms of Epe.svg | shield_size = 120x100px | shield_alt = Coat of arms of Epe |image_map = LocatieEpe.png |mapsize = 250px |latd=52|latm=21|lats=|latNS=N |longd=5|longm=59|longs=|longEW=E |coordinates_region = NL |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = [[Netherlands]] |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = [[Gelderland]] |area_footnotes = (2006) |area_total_km2 = 157.25 |area_land_km2 = 156.21 |area_water_km2 = 1.04 |population_as_of = 1 January 2007 |population_note = Source: [[Statistics Netherlands|CBS]], [http://statline.cbs.nl/ Statline]. |settlement_type = Municipality |population_total = 32999 |population_density_km2 = 211 |timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset = +1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 }} '''Epe''' iku ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Gelderland]], [[Walanda]]. == Latar mburi == Provinsi Gelderland kang papané ana ing wétané Walanda iku saka 12 provinsi Walanda lan salah siji kang gedhé ambané wewengkoné. Provinsi iki ing taun 2008 dipérang dadi 56 ''gemeente''. Ing Walanda ''gemeente'' iku pérangan administratif sangisoring provinsi. Dadi provinsi iku antara nagara lan ''gemeente''. Jaman mbiyèn kabèh panggonan iku uga ''gemeente'' ing Walanda. Saka désa cilik nganti kutha krajan. Nanging saiki wis ora mangkono manèh. Akèh panggonan kang digabung dadi siji supaya olèh ''gemeente'' kang ukurané sedheng. == Pranala njaba == * {{nl}} [http://www.{{PAGENAME}}.nl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314171344/http://www.api.nl/ |date=2008-03-14 }} {{GemeentenGelderland}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] ee42cgefaw4agrcsofu7l5id1n1t698 0 23877 1747578 1424924 2026-04-26T06:57:16Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747578 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ermelo''' iku ''[[gemeente]]'' ing [[provinsi]] [[Gelderland]], [[Walanda]]. == Latar wuri == Provinsi Gelderland sing papané ana ing wétané Walanda iku saka 12 provinsi Walanda lan salah siji sing gedhé ambané wewengkoné. Provinsi iki ing taun 2008 dipérang dadi 56 ''gemeente''. Ing Walanda ''gemeente'' iku pérangan administratif sangisoring provinsi. Dadi provinsi iku antara nagara lan ''gemeente''. Jaman mbiyèn kabèh panggonan iku uga ''gemeente'' ing Walanda. Saka désa cilik nganti kutha krajan. Nanging saiki wis ora mangkono manèh. Akèh panggonan sing digabung dadi siji supaya olèh ''gemeente'' sing ukurané sedheng. == Pranala njaba == * {{nl}} [http://www.{{PAGENAME}}.nl Situs wèb resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080314171344/http://www.api.nl/ |date=2008-03-14 }} {{GemeentenGelderland}} [[Kategori:Gemeente ing Walanda]] 9dq6anyeb9awdf5np8xi2uttfz715gb 0 25591 1747580 1747528 2026-04-26T07:14:29Z Meursault2004 3 sithik 1747580 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="2" style="float: right; width: 307px; background: #e3e3e3; margin-left: 1em; border-spacing: 1px;" ! Lambang ! Péta |- style="background: #ffffff;" align="center" | style="width: 145px;" | [[Gambar:DEU Wiesbaden COA.svg|140px|Wappen Wiesbaden]] | style="width: 145px;" | [[Gambar:Lage der kreisfreien Stadt Wiesbaden in Deutschland.gif|140px|Deutschlandkarte, Position von Wiesbaden hervorgehoben]] |- ! colspan="2" | Data dhasar |- style="background: #ffffff;" | ''[[Pratélan Praja Jerman|Bundesland]]'': || [[Hessen]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | ''[[Regierungsbezirk]]'': || [[Regierungsbezirk Darmstadt|Darmstadt]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Status: || [[Kreisfreie Stadt]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Èlevasi]]: || 115&nbsp;m di atas [[Normalnull|NN]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Wewengkon]]: || 203,90 [[Kilometer persegi|km²]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Padunung]]: || 278.919 ''<small>(2011) |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Kapadhetan sing ndunungi]]: || 1.368 jiwa per km² |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Wong asing (relatif): || 17,5 % ''<small>(2002)</small>'' |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Kodhe pos]]: || 65001–65207 (''lama:'' 6200)<br /> 55240–55246 (''lama:'' 6502)<br /> 55247–55252 (''lama:'' 6503) |- style="background: #ffffff;" | [[Kodhe telepon]]: || 0611 |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Nomor plat montor: || WI |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Pamérangan administratif: || [[Pratélan Stadtbezirke Wiesbaden|26 ''Stadtbezirke'']] |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Alamat <br />balaikota: || Schloßplatz 6<br />65183 Wiesbaden |- style="background: #ffffff;" | Situs web resmi: || [http://www.wiesbaden.de/ www.wiesbaden.de/] |- ! colspan="2" |Marktkirche [[Gambar:Wiesbaden Montage.jpg|225px]] |} '''Wiesbaden''' iku kutha krajan [[Pratélan Praja Jerman|praja]] [[Hessen]] ing [[Jerman]]. Kutha iki dumunung watara 40&nbsp;km ing sisih kidul [[Frankfurt]] ing [[Kali Main]]. == Wong wigati saka Wiesbaden == * '''[[James Peace]]''' (lair tanggal [[28 Sèptèmber]] [[1963]]), [[komponis]] == Pranala njaba == {{commons|Wiesbaden}} {{wikivoyage|Wiesbaden}} * [http://english.wiesbaden.de/index.php Situs resmi]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Kategori:Hessen]] [[Kategori:Kutha ing Jerman]] 7bfwgf9igo4up69i7owtxjylbmw80yw 0 42509 1747558 1446510 2026-04-26T01:09:46Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = lightgreen | name = ''Digitalis'' | image = Digitalis purpurea2.jpg | image_width = 240px | image_caption = ''Digitalis purpurea'' | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Lamiales]] | familia = [[Plantaginaceae]] | genus = '''''Digitalis''''' | genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus]] | subdivision_ranks = Spesies | subdivision = Sekitar 20 spésies, kalebu:{{br}} ''Digitalis cariensis''{{br}} ''Digitalis ciliata''{{br}} ''Digitalis davisiana''{{br}} ''Digitalis dubia''{{br}} ''Digitalis ferruginea''{{br}} ''Digitalis grandiflora''{{br}} ''Digitalis laevigata''{{br}} ''Digitalis lanata''{{br}} ''Digitalis leucophaea''{{br}} ''Digitalis lutea''{{br}} ''Digitalis obscura''{{br}} ''Digitalis parviflora''{{br}} ''Digitalis purpurea''{{br}} ''Digitalis thapsi''{{br}} ''Digitalis trojana''{{br}} ''Digitalis viridiflora'' }} '''''Digitalis''''', ([[Basa Inggris|Inggris]]: ''Foxglove'', [[Basa Jerman|Jerman]]: ''Fingerhut'') iku [[génus]] saka watara 20 [[spésies]] [[tetuwuhan]] rong taunan utawa taunan, sing biyèn digolongaké sajeroning kulawarga ''[[Scrophulariaceae]]''. Miturut panelitèn èlmiah anyar sajeroning babagan [[genetika]], tetuwuhan iki bisa digolongaké sajeroning kulawarga ''[[Plantaginaceae]]''. [[Kembang]] saka tetuwuhan iki awangun kaya loncèng cilik lan wernané béda miturut species saka [[ungu]], [[jambon]], [[putih]] utawa [[kuning]]. Tetuwuhan iki asalé saka [[Éropah]], [[Asia]] pérangan kulon lan tengah, sarta [[Afrika]] lor. <!-- [[Spesies]] yang paling dikenal adalah ''Digitalis purpurea''. Ini adalah tumbuhan dua tahunan dan sering dikembang biakkan sebagai [[tanaman hias]] karena bunganya yang ungu. Tahun pertama, saat tanaman ini tumbuh, menghasilkan daun-daun dasar, sedangkan tahun kedua tumbuh daun-daun serta tangkai yang panjangnya menyampai 0,5 - 2,5 meter. Nama "digitalis" juga digunakan untuk [[obat]] [[penyakit jantung]], terutama [[digoksin]] yang diekstraksi dari tanaman ini. == Kegunaan sebagai obat == Kegunaan ekstrak dari ''Digitalis purpurea'' sebagai obat diperkenalkan pertama kali oleh [[William Withering]]. Sebagai obat, [[glikosida]] dari tanaman ini digunakan untuk memperkuat kerja [[jantung]] (positif inotrop). Ekstrak dari digitalis biasanya diambil dari daun-daun tanaman yang tumbuh pada tahun kedua. Bagian-bagian yang murni dari tanaman ini juga dikenal dengan nama ''digoksin'' atau ''digitoksin''. Digitalis bekerja di tubuh dengan cara menghalangi fungsi [[enzim]] natrium-kalium ATPase sehingga meningkatkan kadar [[kalsium]] di dalam sel-sel otot jantung. Meningkatnya kadar kalsium di dalam otot sel-sel jantung inilah yang menjadi sebab meningkatnya kekuatan kontraksi jantung. == Reaksi sebagai racun == Apabila digunakan secara berlebihan, digitalis dapat berfungsi sebagai [[racun]]. Seluruh bagian tumbuhan ini mengandung glikosida, yang dapat menyebabkan keracunan. Reaksi-reaksi keracunan yang pertama mulai dari mual, muntah, [[diare]], sakit perut, [[halusinasi]], sakit kepala hingga [[delirium]]. Tergantung pada tingkat keracunan, korban keracunan juga mempunyai denyut nadi yang lemah, [[tremor]], [[xanthopsis]] (apa yang dilihat terlihat kuning), kejang-kejang dan bahkan dapat menyebabkan gangguan irama jantung yang mematikan. --> == Gladri == <gallery> Gambar:Digitalis ciliata0.jpg|''Digitalis ciliata'' Gambar:Wasp_and_her_Yellow_Flower.jpg|''Digitalis grandiflora'' Gambar:Digitalis_lutea_100705.jpg|''Digitalis lutea'' Gambar:Digitalis_purpurea.jpg|''Digitalis purpurea'' Gambar:Foxglove2.jpg|''Digitalis purpurea'' Gambar:Digitalis-stora_hultrum.sweden-22.jpg|''Digitalis purpurea'' Gambar:Digitalis-stora_hultrum.sweden-21.jpg|''Digitalis purpurea'' var. ''alba'' Gambar:Wild_Foxglove_Flaam_Norway.jpg|''Digitalis sp.'' </gallery> == Pranala njaba == {{Commons|Digitalis|''Digitalis''}} * [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Digitalis&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK=species Flora Europaea: ''Digitalis'' species list] * [http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Chemistry/MOTM/digitalis/digtalis.htm Molecule of the Month - Digitalis] * [http://www.emedicine.com/PED/topic590.htm eMedicine link] * [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=DILA3 Grecian Foxglove USDA Noxious Weed List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116081158/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=DILA3 |date=2010-11-16 }} * [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=DIPU Purple Foxglove USDA Noxious Weed List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501055523/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=DIPU |date=2013-05-01 }} [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan obat]] [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan]] p9v8c7l5jfxqat1f1bdmmyu0wnhl1y2 0 53658 1747589 1719680 2026-04-26T11:50:49Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747589 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiscript|Garis bujur|ꦒꦫꦶꦱ꧀ꦧꦸꦗꦸꦂ}} [[Gambar:WorldMapLongLat-eq-circles-tropics-non.png|thumb|300px|[[Peta]] Bumi, nuduhaké garis-garis ujur, sing katon mlengkung lan [[vertikal]] ing proyeksi iki, nanging sakbeneré garis-garis ujur mau minangka setengah saka [[lingkaran besar]] bumi.]] '''Bujur''' kadhangkala dinotasèkaké nganggo [[Lambda|abjad Yunani λ]], nggambaraké lokasi sawijining papan panggonan ing [[wétan]] utawa [[kulon]] [[Bumi]], saka garis lor-kidul sing karan [[Meridian Utama]]. Garis bujur diwènèhaké miturut [[sudut|pangukuran sudut]] sing berkisar wiwit 0° ing Meridian Utama nganti +180° arah wétan lan −180° arah kulon. Ora kaya [[lintang]] sing duwé [[ekuator]] minangka posisi awal alami, ora ana posisi awal alami tumrap bujur. Amarga saka iku, sawijining dhasar [[meridian]] kudu dipilih. Sanajan [[kartografer]] [[Britania Raya]] wis suwé migunakaké meridian [[Observatorium Greenwich]] ing [[London]], referensi liyané dipigunakaké ing papan sing béda, kalebu [[Ferro]], [[Roma]], [[Kopenhagen]], [[Yerusalem]], [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Pisa]], [[Paris]], [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|Philadelphia]], lan [[Washington, D.C.]]. Ing taun [[1884]], [[Meridian Utama|Konferensi Meridian Internasional]] ngadopsi meridian Greenwich minangka '''Meridian utama universal''' utawa ''titik nol bujur''. Sajeroning [[basa Indonesia]] bujur ing sisih kulon [[Meridian]] dijenengi '''Bujur Barat''' ('''BB'''), lan bujur ing sisih wétan Meridian dijenengaké '''Bujur Timur''' ('''BT'''). Jeneng-jeneng iki ora dikenal ing [[basa Inggris]]. Bujur Barat lan Bujur TImur minangka garis khayal sing ngubungaké titik [[Kutub Lor]] karo [[Kutub Kidul]] bumi lan nyatakaké gedhéné sudut antara posisi bujur karo garis Meridian. Garis Meridian dhéwé ya iku bujur 0 derajat. <!-- Each degree of longitude is further sub-divided into 60 [[minute of arc|minutes]], each of which divided into 60 seconds. A longitude is thus specified as '''23°&nbsp;27′&nbsp;30"&nbsp;E'''. For high accuracy, the seconds are specified with a decimal fraction. An alternative representation uses degrees and minutes, where parts of a minute are expressed as a decimal fraction, thus: '''23°&nbsp;27.500′&nbsp;E'''. Degrees expressed as a decimal number is also used: '''23.45833°&nbsp;E'''. Sometimes, the West/East suffix is replaced by a negative sign for West. Confusingly, the convention of negative for East is also sometimes seen. The preferred convention that East is positive is consistent with the right-handed ''x''-axis in the [[Cartesian coordinate system]]. A specific longitude may then be combined with a specific [[latitude]] to give a precise position on the Earth's surface. As opposed to a degree of latitude, which always corresponds to about 111 km (69 mi), a degree of longitude corresponds to a distance from 0 to 111 km: it is 111 km times the [[cosine]] of the latitude, when the distance is laid out on a circle of constant latitude; if the shortest distance, on a [[great circle]] were used, the distance would be even a little less. Longitude at a point may be determined by calculating the time difference between that at its location and [[Coordinated Universal Time]] (UTC). Since there are 24 hours in a day and 360 degrees in a circle, the sun moves 15 degrees per hour (360°/24 hours = 15° per hour). So if the [[time zone]] a person is in is three hours ahead of UTC then that person is near 45° longitude (3 hours × 15° per hour = 45°). The word ''near'' was used because the point might not be at the center of the time zone; also the time zones are defined politically, so their centers and boundaries often do not lie on [[meridian (astronomy)|meridians]] at multiples of 15°. In order to perform this calculation, however, a person needs to have a [[chronometer]] (watch) set to UTC and needs to determine local time by solar observation or astronomical observation. The details are more complex than described here: see the articles on [[Universal Time]] and on the [[Equation of time]] for more details. A line of constant longitude is a meridian, and half of a [[great circle]]. --> == Uga delengen == * [[Garis lintang]] * [[Bujur wétan]] * [[Bujur kulon]] * [[Katulistiwa]] * [[Meridian (géografi)|Garis Meridian]] * [[Sistem koordinat géografi]] * [[Komet]] == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.bcca.org/misc/qiblih/latlong.html Look-up Latitude and Longitude] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041218045253/http://www.bcca.org/misc/qiblih/latlong.html |date=2004-12-18 }} * [http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~cvm/latlon_find_location.html Resources for determining your latitude and longitude] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080519082322/http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~cvm/latlon_find_location.html |date=2008-05-19 }} * [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/longitude/ PBS Nova Online: ''Lost at Sea, the Search for Longitude''] * [http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm IAU/IAG Working Group On Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements of the Planets and Satellites] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031190003/http://www.hnsky.org/iau-iag.htm |date=2018-10-31 }} [[Kategori:Kartografi]] {{geo-stub}} csp8eiv6iv7li9jvtl1pbbtfodq5lcs 0 70413 1747542 1672119 2026-04-25T15:57:22Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747542 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |color = lightgreen |name = Saguaro |image = SaguaroCactusAZ.JPG |regnum = [[Tetanduran|Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Core eudicots]] | ordo = [[Caryophyllales]] |familia = [[Cactaceae]] |subfamilia = [[Cactoideae]] |tribus = [[Pachycereeae]] | genus = '''''Carnegiea''''' |genus_authority = [[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]] & [[Joseph Nelson Rose|Rose]] |species = '''''C. gigantea''''' |binomial = ''Carnegiea gigantea'' |binomial_authority = [[Nathaniel Lord Britton|Britton]] & [[Joseph Nelson Rose|Rose]] |synonyms = ''[[Cereus]] giganteus'' <small>[[Engelm.]]</small> |}} '''Saguaro''' ({{IPAc-en|icon|s|ə|ˈ|w|ɑr|oʊ}}; jeneng èlmiah ''Carnegiea gigantea'') iku spésies [[wit]] [[kaktus]] kanthi ukuran gedhé sajeroning gènus [[monotypic]] ''[[Carnegiea]]''. Kaktus iki asli saka [[ara-ara Sonora]] ing praja [[Arizona]], [[Amérika Sarekat]]. Jeneng umum ''saguaro'' lumebu sajeroning [[basa Inggris]] liwat [[basa Spanyol]], sing asalé saka [[basa O'odham]]. == Réferènsi == === Cathetan === {{reflist}} === Bibliografi === * Benson, L. (1981). ''The Cacti of Arizona''. University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0-8165-0509-8. * {{cite book |last=Felger |first=Richard |author2=Mary B. Moser. |title=People of the desert and sea: ethnobotany of the Seri Indians |location=Tucson |year=1985 |publisher=University of Arizona Press}} * Drezner TD (2005) Saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea, Cactaceae) growth rate over its American range and the link to summer precipitation. Southwest Nat 50:65–68. == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Carnegiea}} {{wiktionary|saguaro}} * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242412565 Flora of North America: ''Carnegiea gigantea''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128003430/http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242412565 |date=2022-01-28 }} * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?2702,2705,2706 Jepson Flora Project: ''Carnegiea gigantea''] * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=ucjeps&where-genre=Plant&where-taxon=Carnegiea+gigantea Calphotos: ''Carnegiea gigantea''] * [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CAGI10 USDA Plants Profile: ''Carnegiea gigantea''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917161733/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CAGI10 |date=2008-09-17 }} * [http://www.amnh.org/nationalcenter/youngnaturalistawards/yna2003/kyle.html AMNH Young Naturalist report] [[Kategori:Pachycereeae]] [[Kategori:Flora Arizona]] [[Kategori:Kaktus Mèksiko]] [[Kategori:Simbul Arizona]] gwhj9da1xn6efjcgixx8ux7fvtqo877 0 74067 1747567 1668570 2026-04-26T03:24:48Z Sdsecret 66712 1747567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Republik Dagestan|official_name={{lang|ru|Республика Дагестан}}|native_name=Дагъистан Жумгьурият|native_name_lang=av|settlement_type=[[Républik ing Ruslan|Républik]]|anthem=[[Lagu Kabangsan Republik Dagestan]]}}[[Gambar:Dagestan.jpg|thumb|200px|Peta Dagestan]] '''Républik Dagestan''' ([[Basa Ruslan]]: Респу́блика Дагеста́н) yaiku [[Wewengkon konstituèn Ruslan|wewengkon konstituèn]] [[Ruslan|Federasi Ruslan]].<ref name="internet1">[http://reocities.com/heartland/fields/6923/IbnuKhattabKomandanMiliterMujahidinKaukasus.htm reocities.com]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pertalan jeneng republik menyang basa Inggris yaiku ''Respublika Dagestan''<ref name="internet1"/>. Dagestan yaiku republik gedhé dhéwé kang ana ing Ruslan kang panggoné ana ing sisih lor [[Kaukasus]].<ref name="internet1"/> == Sajarah == [[Gambar:Dagestan.svg|thumb|200px|right]] [[Gambar:Sunni_Muslim_man_wearing_traditional_dress_and_headgear.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Pejuang Dagestan]] Dagestan ana ing kakuwasan saka republik modhèren Federasi Ruslan nalika taun [[1991]].<ref name="internet1"/> Pemimpin kaum Muslim kang misuwur yaiku [[Imam Shamil]] asal saka Dagestan lan kalebu ing ètnis [[Avar]].<ref name="internet1"/> Taun 1999, salah siji grup fundamentalis Muslim saka Chechnya kang dipandhégani déning Shamil Basayev, bareng karo kaum muslim lokal, nglancaraké pambrontakan kang wurung ing Dagestan.<ref name="internet1"/> Prastawa mau banjur duwé tekad kanggo nyerang Chechnya nalika taun iku uga.<ref name="internet2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eramuslim.com/berita/gerakan-dakwah/adalio-aliyev-pemimpin-spiritual-perjuangan-muslim-dagestan.htm |title=www.eramuslim.com |access-date=2011-06-09 |archive-date=2011-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110126144530/http://www.eramuslim.com/berita/gerakan-dakwah/adalio-aliyev-pemimpin-spiritual-perjuangan-muslim-dagestan.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ing taun 2005, Mayor Jenderal Magomed Omarov, wakil mantri dalam nagari, dipateni ing Makhachkala.<ref name="internet2"/> Insiden iki kadadéan saksasi sawisé para punggawa dilapuraké wis nyagah insiden kang kaya krisis penyanderaan sekolah Beslan.<ref name="internet2"/> == Pulitik == Kepala papréntahan Dagestan yaiku présidhèn.<ref name="internet2"/> Wiwit taun 2004, [[Présidhèn Dagestan]] yaiku [[Magomedali Magomedovich Magomedov]].<ref name="internet2"/> == Agama == Luwih saka saparo masarakat Dagestan nganut [[agama]] Islam.<ref name="internet2"/> Kaya akèh-akèh wewengkon [[Kaukasus]] liyané, kaum [[Islam]] pribumi Dagestan nganut préntah [[Sufi]] kang wis ana abad-abad silam.<ref name="internet2"/> Akhir-akir taun iki, ketegangan lan uga huru-hara sok kadadéan antarané pamaréntah lokal Sufi lan misioner Wahhabi kang teka ing wewengkon iku kanggo nyebarake ajaran [[Wahhabisme]].<ref name="internet2"/> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{commons|Category:Dagestan}} * [http://www.e-dag.ru/ Situs resmi Dagestan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110512012439/http://www.e-dag.ru/ |date=2011-05-12 }} (Dalam basa Ruslan) {{rusiaprov}} {{Cities and towns in Dagestan}} [[Kategori:Kutha ing Dagestan]] [[Kategori:Républik ing Ruslan]] [[Kategori:Kaukasus]] {{stub}} {{Ruslan-geo-stub}} 8og5ksrrrsc86ttg68w7ez6rs6vuyeh 0 75448 1747555 1495724 2026-04-25T22:24:39Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dear John''' iku filem romantis prodhuksi [[Hollywood]]. Film iki dirilis tanggal [[24 Fèbruari]] [[2010]]. Film iki dibintangi [[Channing Tatum]] lan [[Amanda Seyfried]]. Sutradara filem iki [[Lasse Hallström]] njupuk carita saka novèl [[Nicholas Sparks]] kanthi judhul sing padha.<ref name="bicarafilem">[http://bicarafilm.com/baca/2010/02/23/kisah-cinta-klasik-prajurit-perang-di-dear-john.html Situs Bicara film: Kisah cinta klasik prajurit perang di Dear John] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515045750/http://bicarafilm.com/baca/2010/02/23/kisah-cinta-klasik-prajurit-perang-di-dear-john.html |date=2010-05-15 }} Diakses pada 23 Fèbruari 2010</ref> Dear John nyaritakaké kisah cinta sawijining prajurit [[Channing Tatum]] karo sawenèh wanita [[Amanda Seyfried]] perang antara Amérika lan Irak sing agawé prajurit kudu adoh karo sang wanita satemag mung bisa komunikasi nganggo layang.<ref name="bicarafilem"/> == Pratélan Aktor == == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Film romantis]] [[Kategori:Hollywood]] 6r8baxvtvq30ordect9cxuww2u1zpce 0 77479 1747568 1662915 2026-04-26T03:25:25Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artis indonesia | name = Dwi Andhika | image=Dwi andhika 018.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birthdate = {{birth date and age|1986|4|3}} | birthplace = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Bandung]], [[Indonésia]] | birthname = Muhammad Dwi Andhika | othername = | deathdate = | deathplace = | yearsactive = [[2000]] - saiki | occupation = [[aktor]] | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | influences = | influenced = | website = }} '''Muhammad Dwi Andhika''' akrab diundang kanthi jeneng '''Dwi Andhika''' ({{lahirmati|[[Bandung]], [[Jawa Kulon]]|3|4|1986}}).<ref name="internet2"/> Dwi Andhika iku salah sijiné juru main [[sinétron]] lan juru main [[filem]] [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet2">[http://www.movietei.com/celeb_detail.php?cel=Dwi.Andhika&idx=1433 movietei.com]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 31 Juli 2011)</ref> == Karir == Dwi Andhika miwiti karir dadi bintang [[modhél]].<ref name="internet1"/> Dwi Andhika tau dadi juwara favorit Cover Boy nalika taun [[2000]]. Dwi Andhika iku anak saka (alm) [[Drs. Ruchiat DGA]].<ref name="internet1"/> Dwi Andhika banjur njajal karir ing donyaning presenter kanthi mimpin acara kang jenengé "Planet Remaja".<ref name="internet1"/> Ora mung dadi cover boy lan [[presenter]], Andhika uga wiwit njajal akting ing akting.<ref name="internet1"/> Sinetron kang tau dibintangi Dwi Adhika kaya ta sinétron kang judhulé "[[Joey & Jessy]]", "[[Single Parent]]", "[[Dina dan Lisa]]", "[[Doa dan Anugerah]]", "[[Jin Kocak]]", lan "[[Pemburu Hantu]]".<ref name="internet1"/> Saliyané iku uga sinétron kang duwé judhul "[[Ada Apa Dengan Cinta]]" versi sinétron.<ref name="internet1"/> Andhika uga tau main ing layar lebar kaya ta dadi pemin pendhukung ing filem kang judhulé "[[Hantu]]", lan bersama [[Ayushita]], [[Ardina Rasti]], [[Hengky Kurniawan]], lan [[Raffi Ahmad]] main ing filem kang judhulé "[[Me vs High Heels]]".<ref name="internet1"/> Nalika taun [[2007]], Dwi Andhika duwé rencana kanggo nggawé album rekaman kang sepisanan.<ref name="internet1"/> Andhika wani nggawé album sawisé menang dadi juwara 2 ing program acara variety show "Seleb Mendadak Dangdut". Sanajan album perdanane iku [[musik pop]] dudu [[dangdut]].<ref name="internet1"/> == Kauripan pribadi == Andhika saiki wis pacaran karo [[Chika Jessica]], nanging sadurungé Andhika uga tau pacaran karo juru main sinétron [[Poppy Bunga]], [[Vanessa Angel]] lan [[Ayushita]].<ref name="internet1">[http://m.kapanlagi.com/selebriti/indonesia/d/dwi_andhika/index.html m.kapanlagi.com]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 31 Juli 2011)</ref> == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Aktor Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Bandung]] {{stub}} kxhtlfr0sdt6dw1kvw02g6hp996mq8q 0 92599 1747574 1691566 2026-04-26T04:51:23Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |Name = Eminem |Img = Eminem performing live at dj hero party.jpg ||Img_capt = |Background = solo_singer |Birth_name = Marshall Bruce Mathers III |Alias = Slim Shady |Born = {{birth date and age|1972|10|17}} <br /> [[St. Joseph, Missouri]], Amérika Sarékat |Origin = [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], [[Amérika Sarékat]] |Genre = [[Hip Hop]] |Occupation = [[Rapper]]<br />[[Produser rekaman]]<br />[[Aktor]] |Years_active = 1995 - saiki |Label = [[Bassmint Productions (record label)|Bassmint]]<br />[[Mashin' Duck Records|Mashin' Duck]]<br />[[Web Entertainment|Web]]<br />[[Interscope]]<br />[[Aftermath Entertainment|Aftermath]]<br />[[Shady Records|Shady]] |Associated_acts = [[D12]]<br />[[Dr. Dre]]<br />[[Shady Records#Current roster|Shady Records]]<br />[[50 Cent]]<br />[[Nate Dogg]]<br />[[Obie Trice]] |URL = [http://www.eminem.com/ www.eminem.com] }} '''Marshall Bruce Mathers III''' ({{lahirmati|[[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], [[Amérika Sarékat]]|17|10|1972}}), utawa asmane '''Eminem''' (ditulis '''EMINƎM'''), gadhah panguripan kalih '''Slim Shady''', ya iku penyanyi rapper ingkang kadonyan, lan uga aktor lan prodhuser saka nagari [[Amérika Sarékat]]. Asmane ingkang kadonyan, ngankat asma grup band [[D12]] dadi grup hip hop ingkang saged sukses makaryo. Eminem inggih punika dadi anggota grup rap [[Bad Meets Evil]], ingkan didamel piyambak lan [[Royce Da 5'9"]]. Albume Eminem miwiti laris rikala taun 2000. Eminem diparingi sandhang artis ingkang albume laris saben labuh kaliyan majalah-majalah musik lan uga diparingi urutan 82 dadi "The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time" kaliyan majalah [[Rolling Stone]]. Piyambake nyandhang dadi Raja Hip Hop kaliyan majalah ingkang sami. Eminem sampun makarya, lan karya-karyané sampun laris kacethak ing Billboard 200 (inggih kaliyan [[Bad Meets Evil]] lan [[D12]]). Eminem sampun ngadol 42 yuta track lan 41.5 yuta album ing Amérika Sarékat lan 90 yuta luwik kathah ing dunya. == Latar wuri == === Nalika Taun 1972 === Eminem iku lair taun 1972 nalika ing kutha [[Saint Joseph]], [[Missouri]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wargs.com/other/mathers.html |title=Eminem |publisher=Wargs.com |accessdate=21 Fèbruari 2013}}</ref>. Bapake Eminem, nalika piyambake umur 18 wulan, ninggal ibune. Déné nalika iku ménawa uripé kalih ibune pindhah-pindhah griya, kaya ta ing kutha [[Kansas City]], [[Savannah]], lan uga [[Warren]] <ref>{{cite web |author=3:19&nbsp;pm ET |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/27578186/ |title=Ibune Eminem today.msnbc.com – November 6, 2008 |publisher=Today.msnbc.msn.com |date=November 6, 2008 |accessdate=21 Fèbruari 2013 |archive-date=April 11, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090411193511/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/27578186 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Diskografi == * ''[[Infinite Eminem Album|Infinite]]'' ([[1996]]) * ''[[The Slim Shady LP]]'' ([[1999]]) * ''[[The Marshall Mathers LP]]'' ([[2000]]) * ''[[The Eminem Show]]'' ([[2002]]) * ''[[Encore (album)|Encore]]'' ([[2004]]) * ''[[Relapse (album)|Relapse]]'' ([[2009]]) * ''[[Recovery (album)|Recovery]]'' ([[2010]]) * ''The Marshall Mathers LP 2'' ([[2013]]) * ''Revival'' ([[2017]]) * ''Kamikaze'' ([[2018]]) * ''Music to Be Murdered By'' ([[2020]]) * ''The Death of Slim Shady (Coup de Grâce)'' ([[2024]]) == Filmography == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taun makarya ! Judhul ! Dhapukan ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 2000 | ''[[Da Hip Hop Witch]]'' | Piyambaké dhéwé | |- | 2000 | ''[[Up in Smoke Tour]]'' | Piyambaké dhéwé | Teater alit |- | 2000 | ''[[The Slim Shady Show]]'' | Babagan campuran | |- | 2001 | ''[[The Wash (film)|The Wash]]'' | Chris | Pèmain dhapukan |- | 2002 | ''[[8 Mile (film)|8 Mile]]'' | Jimmy "B-Rabbit" Smith, Jr. | MTV Movie Award for Best Male Performance<br />MTV Movie Award for Best Breakthrough Male Performance<br />[[Teen Choice Award]] for Choice Movie Actor – Drama/Action Adventure<br />Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Breakout Star – Male<br />Nominated – CFCA Award for Most Promising Performer<br />Nominated – OFCS for Best Breakthrough Performance<br /><small>For awards for the song "Lose Yourself", see [[List of awards and nominations received by Eminem]]</small> |- | 2003 | ''[[50 Cent: The New Breed]]'' | Piyambaké dhéwé | Filem dokumenter |- | 2004 | ''[[Crank Yankers]]'' | Billy Fletcher | (Wayah tabuh ke-2: episode 21) |- | 2005 | [[50 Cent: Bulletproof]] | Detective McVicar | Namun urun swara. Video Game<ref>{{cite web|title=50 Cent: Bulletproof|url=http://ps2.ign.com/articles/668/668358p1.html|work=IGN.com|access-date=2012-10-11|archive-date=2013-10-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025235956/http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/11/22/50-cent-bulletproof|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 2009 | ''[[Funny People]]'' | Piyambaké dhéwé | Cameo<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rapbasement.com/eminem/051509-eminem-reveals-that-he-makes-a-cameo-in-the-new-judd-apatow-movie-funny-people.html |title=Eminem In New Judd Apatow "Funny People" Movie |publisher=Rap Basement |date=May 16, 2009 |accessdate=2009-05-16 |archive-date=2012-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214173110/http://www.rapbasement.com/Eminem/051509-eminem-reveals-that-he-makes-a-cameo-in-the-new-judd-apatow-movie-funny-people.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2010 | ''[[Entourage (TV series)|Entourage]]'' | Piyambaké dhéwé | "[[Lose Yourself (Entourage)|Lose Yourself]]" (Wayah tabuh ke-7: episode 10) |- | 2012 | ''[[Something from Nothing: The Art of Rap]]'' | Piyambaké dhéwé | Filem dokumenter |- | 2012 | ''How to Make Money Selling Drugs''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1276962/ |title=How to Make Money Selling Drugs Imdb}}</ref> | Piyambaké dhéwé | Filem dokumenter |} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.eminem.com Situs web resmi] * [http://eminemindonesia.blogspot.com/p/tentang-eminem.html Profil dan Biodata Eminem] == Rujukan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Penyanyi Amérika Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Musik rap]] [[Kategori:Lair 1972]] {{us-music-stub}} 3ipil0vdbmivwo09o7mbid7wqhriady 0 99804 1747585 1661256 2026-04-26T09:23:47Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox French commune |name = Fort-de-France |image = Fort-de-France-baie.jpg |caption = |image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Fort-de-France (Martinique).svg |region = [[Martinique]] |department = [[Martinique]] |arrondissement = Fort-de-France |canton = |adjustable map = Fort-de-France 972.PNG |map size = 210px |map caption = Tlatah komune ([[abang]]) ing Martinique |time zone = [[UTC-4]] |INSEE = 97209 |postal code = 97200 |mayor = [[Serge Letchimy]] |term = 2008–2014 |intercommunality = Punjer de la Martinique |longitude =-61.0833 |latitude = 14.6 |elevation m = |elevation min m = 0 |elevation max m = 1070 |area km2 = 44.21 |population = 91249 |population date = 2007 }} '''Fort-de-France''', ({{IPA-fr|fɔʁ də fʁɑ̃s}}) utawa '''Fort-Royal''', ya iku [[kutha krajan]] [[Martinik]], sawijining [[nagara]] parsemakmuran sabrang [[sagara]] ([[département d'outre-mer|DOM]]) [[Prancis]] ing [[sagara Karibia]] <ref name="Internet1">{{fr}} [http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/commune.asp?annee=2008&depcom=97209 INSEE - Population légale Fort-de-France 2009 (diunduh tanggal 8 April 2013)].</ref><ref name="internet2"/>. Jembar wewengkon [[kutha]] [[44]],[[21]] [[km]]² déning populasi pandhudhuk [[134]].[[727]] jiwa (sensus [[1999]]) <ref name="internet2">{{fr}} [http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&plusieursReponses=true&zoneSearchField=FORT+DE+FRANCE&codeZone=9B601-UU2010&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher Insee - Résultats du recensement de la population de 2009 - Unité urbaine de Fort-de-France]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (diunduh tanggal 8 April 2013)</ref>. Parékonomian Fort-de-France wiwit misuwur minangka lengseré [[Saint-Pierre]] amarga njeblugé [[Gunung Pelée]] ing [[taun]] [[1902]],ya iku ekspo [[gula]], rum,[[woh]] kaleng, dan [[kakao]]. Fort Saint-Louis dadai salah sawijining pangkalan [[wadya lautan]] Prancis, kang dumunung ana ing sisih pinggir kutha.Fort-de-France dadi [[jantung]] saka tlatah wewengkon [[metropolitan]] kanthi cacah 170 000 [[warga]], kagolong uga kutha Lamentin.Ing laladan iki kabangun uga [[papan anggegana]] [[Martinique Aimé Cesaire International]] ing kutha Schoelcher, kutha Saint-Joseph lan kutha Case-Pilote <ref name="Internet3">{{fr}} [http://www.meteo.fr/temps/domtom/antilles/pack-public/meteoPLUS/climat/climat_mart.htm. LE CLIMAT EN MARTINIQUE (diunduh tanggal 08 April 2013]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>.Kutha kang duwé [[patung]] [[Joséphine de Beauharnais]] digawé minangka mingèti panjenengané Joséphine.Joséphine [[lair]] ana ing [[pulo]] [[Martinik]] minangka bebojoan déning [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]. Fort-de-France asring arubah nama Prancis kang dibaptis kanthi nama situs'' Cul-de-Sac Karajan'' ([[1635]]-[[1672]]),Fort-de-France ganthi jeneng paroki lan kutah déning '''Fort royal''' rikala [[taun]] ([[1672]]-[[1793]]) <ref name="Internet4"/>. '''Fort royal''' arubah manèh dadi '' '''Fort-de-la-Républik''' utawa ''Kutha Républik'' kadadéan kang kadhaden minangka pungkasané Revolusi taun ([[1793]]]-[[1794]]) <ref name="Internet3"/>. Kutha kang arubah nama dadi Fort-Royal ([[1794]]-[[1807]]) arubah nama ing taun [[1807]] kanthi nama '''Fort-de-France''' <ref name="Internet4">{{fr}} [http://www.cg972.fr/site/html/page_document.php?id=377 Séminaire sur la place du vélo dans la politique du Développement Durable et Solidaire (diunduh tanggal 09 April 2013)]</ref> [[Gambar:Fort-Saint-Louis-06.jpg|thumb|210px| Pangkalan AL Prancis ing Fort-de-France]] ==Padunungan== Fort-de-France dumunung ana 6800&nbsp;km saka [[Paris]], ing papan [[pasisir]] Karibia [[Martinique]].Fort asring kababar ing sisih [[kulon]] [[pulo]], ing punjer pucuk [[lor]] lan [[kidul]] <ref name="internet5"/>. Kutha kang kabagun ing pinggir [[lor]] pasisir [[Teluk Fort-de-France]].Fort kagolong sajeroning kutha kang gedhé 11,7&nbsp;km saka [[lor]] minangka menyang déning [[kidul]] 5.2&nbsp;km <ref name="internet6"/>. ==Géografi== Fort-de-France, asring sinebat déning Fort Prancis, kawengkar ana ing [[pasisir]] [[kulon]] Martinique ing [[kori]] [[lor]] tumuju [[Fort-de-France Bay]],pinggir [[kali Madame]] <ref name="internet5">. {{fr}} [[ http://www.recensement.insee.fr/tableauxDetailles.action?zon{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Résultats du recensement de la population-2009 (diunduh tanggal 10 April 2013)]</ref>. Kutha kang ana ing dataran sempit, ing antarané bukit lan [[sagara]] uga bisa ditempuh nganggo transportasi darat saka saben [[pulo]] <ref name="internet6">{{fr}} [http://gsite.univ-provence.fr/gsite/Local/geographie/dir/user-199/DYNMARTIN.pdf Dynmartini (diunduh tanggal 10 April 2013)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214534/http://gsite.univ-provence.fr/gsite/Local/geographie/dir/user-199/DYNMARTIN.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }}</ref>. [[Image:Queen Mary 2 FdF.JPG|thumb|Suwasana [[Queen Mary 2]] ing Teluk Fort-de-France wulan Maret 2004]] [[Image:FDF et pitons du Carbet.JPG|thumb|Fort-de-France ''ndominasi'' pucuk Carbet]] == Géologi, topografi lan hidrografi == Topografi kang aneka [[warna]] ing kutha Fort-de-France ya iku mbentang saka sikil bukit massif vulkanik [[Bluff Carbet]] (titik paling dhuwur saka kutha kurang luwih [[1100]] mèter, cerak pucuk Piton Dumauzé) sarta Morne Cesaire [[603]] m.Kaanan kutha kang duwé jurang lan [[alas]], [[gunung geni]] dipisahake déning iliné [[banyu]] deres lan suwasana [[cuaca]] teles (asring [[udan]])<ref name="internet6"/>.Kaanan tlatah kang dhuwur ndominasi pérangan tengah kutha, ing antarané [[Bluff Carbet]] lan [[Lamentin]], ngawe wujud nyigar (bukit) dadi kamiringan tartemtu <ref name="internet5"/>. Jinisé [[kali]] kanthi cacah loro ngarah tumuju [[sagara]] ing Fort-de-France sok diarani kali Mr lan Mrs. Kaanan tengah-tengah kutha, asring kasbeut'' Kutha ngisor'' kababar déning wujud dataran [[rawa]] (bakau) antara Morne Morne Tartenson lan Pichevin (Hauts du Port). Jurang lan bukit kang awujud [[watu]] tumuju [[300]] mèter [[teluk]], diyasa sajeroning kapimpinan [[Fort Saint-Louis (Martinique)|. Fort St Louis]]<ref name="internet5"/>. [[Béntèng Tartenson|Tartenson]] lan [[Béntèng Désaix (Martinique)|Désaix]] didadèkaké tetahanan kang utama ing kutha tumuju ding pabukitan sajeroning dhuwur [[140]] m ngadep ing punjer kutha.Pasisir utawa pasisir kang duwé jurang lan [[pasir]] [[klawu]] sarta sisa-sisa [[wit]] [[bakau]] ing cérak Pointe des Sables, didadèkaké tetahana saka [[ombak]] sagara<ref name="internet6"/>. ==Iklim== Fort-de-France duwé [[iklim]] [[tropis]] lan [[lembab]], kanhi pratadha déning [[suhu]] rata-rata saben taun dhuwur (26,5&nbsp;°C) lan volume [[udan]] ([[1950]] [[mm]]).<ref name="internet8"/> Suhu kutha iki rata-rata angét diamati saka [[wulan]] [[Agustus]] nganti [[Oktober]] maksimum (31 C ° ing suwasana [[rina|awan]], ing wayah [[wéngi]] duwé suhu saka 24&nbsp;°C nganti 25&nbsp;°C) lan ing [[wulan]] [[Januari]] lan [[Fèbruari]] wayah adem kanthi suhu (sadina maksimum 29&nbsp;°C lan wayah bengi 22 °). Kutha Martinique, Fort-de-France asring kalewatan [[angin]], ya iku angin [[wétan]], kang nentukaké sirkulasi umum pluviométriques [[4]] mangsa<ref name="internet7">{{fr}} [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k34643g/f79.table Reviu Martime (diunduh tanggal 10 April 2013)</ref> * [[Mangsa adhem]] * [[Mangsa panas]] * [[Mangsa udan]] * [[Mangsa semi]] Ing wulan [[Fèbruari]] nganti [[April]], [[mangsa panas]] ya iku mangsa ing paling garing ing kutha Fort amarga angin kurang lan kalembapan curah udan rata-rata saben wulan [[60]]-[[90]] [[mm]].Mangsa adhem utawa mangsa udan kawiwit ing wulan [[Juli]] nganti [[Oktober]]. Mangsa adhem ing kutha fort sok diarani uga mangsa badai.<ref name="internet8"/> Kadadean kang bebayani lan ngancurake pagomahan lan yasan pandhudhuk kadadéan ing tanggal [[19 Agustus]] [[1981]]. Kadadean kang newasaké [[400]] wong ing Fort-de-France (1000 total Martinique), ngancurake déning [[rumah sakit]] lan kamp militèr Balata. minangka [[topan Allen]], 3 lan [[4 Agustus]] [[1980]], angin pucuk [[167]] [[km]] / [[jam]] kacathet Désaix lan curah udan kanthi gedhé 159&nbsp;mm ing sajeroning wektu [[18]] jam. Minangka kadadéan badai Edith, [[25 September]] [[1963]], iliné [[Kali Lady]] ing prapatan Fort-de-France 150 m3 / s, ing sadina-dina kali kang duwé ukuran [[20]] [[m3]]/ s ukuran sajeroning [[banjir]] lan 0,050 m3 / s.Minangka mangsa bahu ([[November]]-[[Januari]], [[Mèi]]-[[Juni]]) kutha Fort duwé karakteristik [[iklim]] manengah.<ref name="internet8"/> amarga curah udan sajeroning tanggal [[4]] lan [[5]] [[Mèi]] [[2009]], kacathet udan paling deres sajeroning [[50]] taun pungkasan ing Fort-de-France déning sasi [[Mèi]] (kaping telu Rata-rata volume) 6, kang njalari banjir gedhè.Salah sijiné konsekuensi saka sipat pagunungan ana ing wewengkon kutha Fort-de-France lan curah udan kang deres njalari ora stabilé pèrèng, njalari bebayan [[lemah]] longsor.<ref name="internet8">{{fr}} [http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&plusieursReponses=true&zoneSearchField=FORT+DE+FRANCE&codeZone=249720061-GFP&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher EPCI à fiscalité propre : CA du Centre de la Martinique (249720061) (diunduh tanggal 10 April 2013)]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Jembar [[tuwuhan]] lan [[alas]] kang ana ing Fort dadi sinawangan paling misuwur ing kutha, kang utama ana ing pèrèng [[lor]] [[kutha]]. Mesofilik kan pendek ana ing pèrèng vegetasi duwé tat cara tumuju ngembangaké hygrophile vegetasi 700 mèter (alas déning tethaneman wit-witan ndhuwur lan thanduran mrambat). S === Saluran komunikasi lan transportasi === ==Tansportasi dharat== Mozaik kang duwé 3 jalur [[bus]] ing kutha Fort-de-France. Ndhuweni ''rute'' déning [[dalan]] raya A1 (972) saka Fort-de-France tumuju [[papan anggegana]] pinggir [[pulo]] Mozaik dadi salah sijiné dalan raya kang ana ing Prancis kang dumunung ana ing manca nagara. [[Kori|lawang]] utama liyané ya iku: NR1 déning Tritunggal;m2 per Saint-Pierre;RN3 (Tapak Tilas Route) tumuju Le Morne-Rouge. ==Transportasi udara== Papan Anggegana internasional "Martinique Aimé Cesaire" ya iku papan anggegana ing kutha fort kurang luwih [[10]] [[km]] saka Fort-de-France 7. Kang duwé daya tampung penumpang 1,7 [[yuta]] ing taun [[2010]] <ref name="internet8 B">{{Lien web | url = http://www.martinique.aeroport.fr/infos.asp | titre = L'Aéroport et la CCIM | année = 2007 | site = http://www.martinique.aeroport.fr | consulté le = 10 April 2013 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916172428/http://www.martinique.aeroport.fr/infos.asp |date=16 September 2019 }}.</ref>. ==Transportasi sagara== [[Image:Portdefdf.jpg|thumb|upright=2.0|center|[[Stasiun]] multimodal saka Fort-de-France tumuju Pointe-Simon, [[prahu]] kang misuwur Madinina ing Les Trois-Islets]] [[Pelabuhan]] Fort-de-France ya iku pelabuhan utama kang dumunung ana ing Prancis minangka duwé daya tampung panumpang taun 2000-an, kanthi cacah 470000 jiwa <ref name="internet9">{{Lien web | url = http://www.fortdefrance.fr/docs/plu/02%20rapport%20de%20pr%E9sentation/01%20RP%20Diagnostic%20approuv%E9.pdf | titre = Diagnostic du PLU de Fort-de-France | année = 2007 | site = http://www.fortdefrance.fr | page = 78 et 79 | consulté le = 20 mai 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172958/http://www.fortdefrance.fr/docs/plu/02%20rapport%20de%20pr%E9sentation/01%20RP%20Diagnostic%20approuv%E9.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}.</ref>. ==Lintasan== Kutha Fort-de-France kagolong katinggalan déning pambangunan pangendara (dalan).Sajeroning taun [[2012]], departemen nyediaké utawa yasa dalana tumuju nyipta panganggo [[sepeda]] kurang luwih [[15]] taun ing panjuru pulo <ref name="internet10">{{Lien web | url = http://www.cg972.fr/site/html/page_document.php?id=377 | titre = Séminaire sur la place du vélo dans la politique du Développement Durable et Solidaire | année = 2012 | site = Le site du Conseil général de Martinique | consulté le = 20 mai 2012 }}.</ref>. ==== Transportasi umum==== Ing kutha Fort transportasi umum sok diarani [[Mozaik]]. Salah sawijining transportasi umum ya iku [[taksi]], [[bus]]. Transportasi saubengé Cacem dilayani déning angkudan umum uga ngelayani transportasi saubengé kutha-kutha Fort-de-France, [[Schoelcher]], [[Lamentin]] lan [[Saint-Joseph (Martinique)|Saint-Joseph]] <ref name="internet11 B">{{Lien web | url = http://www.fortdefrance.fr/docs/plu/02%20rapport%20de%20pr%E9sentation/01%20RP%20Diagnostic%20approuv%E9.pdf | titre = Diagnostic du PLU de Fort-de-France-Les transports | année = 2007 | site = http://www.fortdefrance.fr | page = 85 | consulté le = 20 mai 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172958/http://www.fortdefrance.fr/docs/plu/02%20rapport%20de%20pr%E9sentation/01%20RP%20Diagnostic%20approuv%E9.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}.</ref>. ====Parencanaan Kutha==== Kutha Fort-de-France kawengkar dumadi: {{col|3}} * Balata * Bellevue * Chateauboeuf * Citron * Clairière * Cluny * Coridon * Crozanville * De Briant * Des Rochers * Didier * Dillon * Ermitage * Floréal * Godissard * Langelier-Bellevue * La Meynard * La Médaille * Montgérald * Morne Calebasse * Morne Laurent * Morne Morissot * Morne Pichevin * Morne Tartenson * Morne Venté * Moutte * Pointe des Nègres * Post-Colon * Ravine-Bouillé * Ravine-Vilaine * Redoute * Renéville * Rodate * Rive Droite * Sainte-Catherine * Sainte-Thérèse * Terres-Sainville * Texaco * Tivoli * Trénelle * Volga {{end-col}} ==Pangomahan== Cacah pamukiman ing [[kotamadya]] Fort-de-France sajeroning sensus taun 2006 ya iku 43237.Saka jumlah mau, 86,7% kawengkar dumadi omah utama, 0,6% lan 11,6% jinis pangomahan INSEE.Data mau kajupung déning Sensus Pendhudhuk 2006. ===Pambangunan=== * Kampanyé pambangunan èksterior. * Rehabilitasi gedhong-gedhong publik. * Pangembangan dalan palumakuan ing punjer kutha. * Pangembangan koridor déning transportasi umum. <center> <gallery> Image:Fort de France 1.JPG|Suwasana jantung kutha, ing taun 2006, pangomahan kang rusak, dalanan kurang pangopenan, sajeroning pangembangan proyek gedhé kanggo renovasi Image:FdF-un arbre dans une maison.JPG|Pérangan saka pangomahan mewah ing wulan Dhésèmber 2008 Image:Fort de France centre commercial.JPG|Chantier du centre commercial en construction au cœur de Fort-de-France, 2007-2008. Image:Place de l'enregistrement.jpg|Pambangunan [[pasar]] ing punjer kutha Fort-de-France, 2007-2008. Image:Fort de France, rue commerçante - pieton.jpg|Républik Street,pojok Jones Moreau,25 Dhésèmber 2008 Image:Fort de France - rue Arago.jpg|Rue François Arago </gallery> </center> ==Jeneng kutha== Jeneng kutha Fort-de-France kang ngandut arti kakuatan saka Prancis,minangka madeg ing [[abad]] angka 17. Asal mulané nama Fort-de-France Awalnya dkawiwit saka cul-de-sac saka Fort Royal ([[1635]]-[[1672]]), situs kang ndadèkaké ''paroki'' kutha Fort Royal (1672-1793), Républik Fort-de-la-Ville taun (1793-1794), Fort Royal (1.794-1.807) pungkasan diowah déning sebatan Fort-de-France minangka taun 1807. ==Sajarah== Sajarah Fort Royal, utana Fort-de-France ing taun [[1802]], duwé pratandah lan didasaraké [[koloni]], minangka sesaingan déning[[Saint-Pierre (Martinique)|Saint-Pierre]] lan kadadéan [[bencana alam]] ngancurake kutha ing saben-sabem taun. Salah sijiné kadadéan bencana alam kang gedhé dhéwé ya iku jeblugé [[Gunung Pelee]] taun [[1902]] [[wlahar]] kang muntah ing kutha Fort-de-France ngancuraké ibu kutha Martinique ing Saint-Pierre. ==Yayasan kutha== [[Image:Batiments_PTT_Fort_de_France.jpg|thumb|La Poste de Fort-de-France.]] Kutha [[Karibia]] asring kena bencana angin, kang utama saka [[pasisir Atlantik]] lan [[kidul]] [[pulo]].Koloni Prancis nenetapake ing taun 1635 (pasisir Karibia) ing situs Saint-Pierre, madeg pambanguna [[bètèng]] ing muara [[kali]] Roxelane.Samono uga minangka ''konflik''déning Karibia, [[Walanda]] lan pamukiman [[Inggris]] amarga kesensem tlatah strategis ing kori lumebu [[teluk]] gedhé dhéwé ing pulo iki.Mupangat bètèng ing Saint-Pierre minangka mertahanake lan ngelindungi saka badai, saka teluk Saint-Pierre <ref name="internet19">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k34643g/f79.table Exemple avec la bataille du 20 juillet 1674 contre une force hollandaise].</ref>. Kaanan kang ora nyamana minangka anané iklim kang ora njurung, njalari pamukiman kapisanan kang diyasa dumunung ing tlatah kutha déning panjenengané [[Gubernur]] Jacques Dyel Procuratorate, ponakan saka panjenengané Pierre filibuster Belain Esnambuc, kapisanan mbagun bètèng ing taun [[1639]] <ref name="internet19"/>.Panjenengané yasa bètèng kapisanan lan asring disebat Fort Royal.Nanging, gubernur Jean-Charles de Baas mutusaké déning manemon kutha Fort-Royal ing tanggal [[3 Oktober]] [[1669]] <ref name="internet11">{{Lien web | auteur = | lien auteur = | coauteurs = | url = http://www.fortdefrance.fr/docs/plu/02%20rapport%20de%20pr%E9sentation/01%20RP%20Diagnostic%20approuv%E9.pdf | titre = Diagnostic du PLU de Fort-de-France | année = 2007 | site = http://www.fortdefrance.fr | page = 14 | consulté le = 11 April 2013 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172958/http://www.fortdefrance.fr/docs/plu/02%20rapport%20de%20pr%E9sentation/01%20RP%20Diagnostic%20approuv%E9.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}</ref>. Renovasi kanggo ngindari badé wiwit dikerjaake, kapisanan ya iku ndandandi rawa lan jalur kaselarasan kutha kang disetujui déning Colbert taun [[1671]]. Saka parencanaan kutha, madeg ''quadrangle'' kanthi jembar 42 hèktar lan ''grid'', dadi wujud inti kutha nganti jaman saiki. Pambangunan kutha ing tlatah kang duwé [[lemah]] gembur, ora kondusif lan rawa-rawa kang nampung banyu kotor njalari [[lemut]] semana uga tingkat lelara njalari kamatian kang dhuwur ing kutha iki minangka bencana [[malaria]].<ref name="internet11"/> Pangembangan kutha kutha kang duwé proyek [[banyu]] resik kanggo warga, mbutuhaké wèktu kurang luwih 1 abad kanggo ngembangaké proyek mau.Ing taun [[1674]] dadi prathanda paperangan misuwur Fort St Louis,kang bisa ngalahake armada [[Walanda]] kapimpin déning Laksamana de Ruyter kanggo ngerebut kutha, lan bisa ngubungake pulo Crown saka Prancis.Wiwit wulan [[November]] [[1677]], panjenengané Earl of Blenac ndarat ing pasisir Martinique, minangka ngantekake [[Gubernur]] kang tilar [[donya]] yang baru saja meninggal. Uga penjenengané kang ngerampungake pambangunan [[kutha]] uga kacathet minangka bapak pambangunan kutha.<ref name="internet11"/> Pangawean ulet,lan tekun panjenengané Earl of Blenac njabat dadi pangurusan kursi Umum ing Pura Gubernur.Ing taun [[1692]] panjenengané ngantekake St Peter Fort Royal kanggo mimpin pamarèntah taun 1692,tumuju yasa kutha anyar ya iku kutha krajan administratif Martinique.<ref name="internet19"/> ==Fort Royal ing abad angka 18== [[Image:Mount Pelée 1902 refugees.jpg|thumb|Golongan pangungsi ka Fort-de-France minagka jeblugé gunung taun 1902.]] Minangka serangan [[sagara]] kang digalakake déning pamarèntah [[Inggris]] ing taun [[1759]] lan Inggris nguwasani kutha Fort Royal kanthi serangan darat taun [[1762]] minangka ndarataké prajurit Kapal Case Inggris. Martinique kasil dikuasai Inggris ing wulan Fèbruari [[1762]].Uga Martinique dibalekake déning pamaréntah Prancis minangka Prajanji Paris. Panjenengané Georges-René Le Pelley Pléville ya iku minangka [[kaptèn]] pelabuhan Fort-Royal kan diwènèhi mandat lan tanggung jawab kanggo rehabilitasi kutha patilasan panjajah Inggris.Kapten kan ngerampungake rehabilitas banjur ngabdi minangka ngoreksi grafik [[Hindia]] [[Kulon]] banjur bali ing Marseille minangka gangguan kaséhatan.Panjenengané diganti déning Robert Taschers, ya iku bapak saka [[Ratu]] Josephine. ==Fort-de-France abad angka 20== Fort-de-France ing abad angka [[20]], Sawisé jeblug Gunung Pelee, St Pierre ngakibat ora bisa dadi kutha komersial, amarga kelangan warga kang tilar donya ing bencana jeblugé gunung Pelee, lan ''re-populasi'' kadadéan kanthi lambat lan ''parsial''. ''Migran'' saka lor pulo tiba ing Fort-de-France kanthi gedhé-gedhenan, kang ngumpulakae lan ngawe mupangat pelabuhan, indhustri, komersial lan ékonomi saka Martinique. Minangka ngatasi babagan migran, walikutha, Victor Severus mbagun proyek ing taun [[1904]] déning para petinggi/punggawa. Ing pérangan ''sanitasi'' lan ''municipalization'' lahan-''Sainville'', lahan tels kang duwé jembar dumunung ana ing sisih kulon sagara saka punjer kutha kolonial. Sabanjuré paperangan kukum kang dawa lan pangawean dilakoni ing taun 1920-an, tumuju ngelairake laladan modheren kanggo warga kang makarya. Sabanjuré, para Sainte-Thérèse, Morne Pichevin lan Dillon, sarta golongan pangomahan ''individu spontan'' ''(sèl)'' madeg ing pinggir dalan tumuju kutha lan bebarengan minangka ngembangaké warga kang alami lan padésaan, sarta duwé citra ''urbanisasi dispersi anarkis''. Sajeroning taun 1930, sanitasi durung bisa katat kanthi sampurna minangka dibuktekake déning status saluran stroke, salah sijiné kansenjangan kang ana ing punjer lemah-Sainville, titik pambuangan Simon lan kalengan kang mili lan duwé mupangat dadi pambuangan kabukak. Ing sanjabané punjer kutha, gaya kolonial pangomahan kang makmur dumunung ana ing dataran ndhuwur/paredèn Didier ing sisih [[lor]]-[[kulon]] kutha (Balata) lan Redoute, ya iku kang ana ing [[dalan]] tumuju Morne Rouge. Fort-de-France dadi kutha kontras, kang nyaman lan duwé suwasana ''heterogen'' sarta duwé kakurangan ing babagan kamakmuran pandhukdhuk amarga kurang kaya tinimbang Saint-Pierre ing mangsa-mangsa jaya. ==Pangembangan kutha== Bencana alam kang kadadéan ing kapindho ing [[11 Januari]] 1839, uga [[lindhu]] kang ngancurake kutha tanggal [[22 Juni]] [[1890]] <ref name="internet20"/>. Uga kadadéan kobongan kang njalari telu-prapat saka kutha kolonial ajur,omah-omah [[kayu]] dikarepake ing pambangunan anyar minangka ngadepi lindhu ing mangsa ngarep.[[Pasar]], Louis Cathedral St tanggal [[18 Agustus]] [[1891]], diosak-asik déning [[angin topan]] kang nerjang ing tengah kutha, newasake kurang luwih [[400]] wong <ref name="internet20">Paul Butel, ''Histoire des Antilles françaises'', Perrin, 2002.</ref>.Kadadean liyané asebab bencana kang ana ing kutha ya iku prajanjen ing tanggal [[14 September]] [[1802]] Martinique Prancis ing ngisor ''Prajanjen Amiens'' ditandatangani déning Angleterre13 lan kapimpin déning kakuawasan kaisar taun [[1807]], kutha kamimpin dadi "kepala koloni" lan didadèkaké nama Fort-de-France. <ref name="internet22">{{Lien web | auteur = | lien auteur = | coauteurs = | url = http://www.fortdefrance.fr/docs/plu/02%20rapport%20de%20pr%E9sentation/01%20RP%20Diagnostic%20approuv%E9.pdf | titre = Diagnostic du PLU de Fort-de-France | année = 2007 | site = http://www.fortdefrance.fr | page = 14 | consulté le = 24 April 2013 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172958/http://www.fortdefrance.fr/docs/plu/02%20rapport%20de%20pr%E9sentation/01%20RP%20Diagnostic%20approuv%E9.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}</ref>. Pangubahan nama kang ora dijurung déning warga [[Inggris]] anyar taun [[1809]]-[[1815]]. Fort-de-France, kang duwé kutha administratif kan militèr, kaseksa déning dampak kompetisi saka Saint-Pierre, kang paling duwé pamadetan pandhudhuk uga dijurung ékonomi dèdangangan kang misuwur, réputasi budaya ing jagad [[Hindia Kulon]].Fasilitas [[pelabuhan]] anyar kang digawè Fort-de-France sajeroning taun [[1860]]-an lan [[dermaga]] dibukak ing [[1868]].Tekané budak, Freedmen lan mulatto, ing donya dedagangan njalari dibebasake saka ''populasi'' taun 1848, lan ngukuhaké pakembangan kutha, minangka munggahé cacah pandhudhuk saka 9200 wong ing wiwit abad kasangalas dadi 17000 ing taun 1876 <ref name="internet22"/>.Pangembangan liyané kababr ing babagan tèknologi salh sijiné pangembangan [[mesin]] uwab sajeroning sistem produksi [[gula]] watara taun 1840 lan 1870 lan njalari transformasi kang signifikan saka sèktor tetanèn lan padésaan kang ana ing saubengé Martinique <ref name="internet23">[http://www.univ-provence.fr/gsite/Local/geographie/dir/user-199/DYNMARTIN.pdf www.univ-provence.fr]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref>. Pangembangan tèknologi kang ana duwé mupangat ing konsèntrasi [[lemah]] ing saubengé pabrik gulo lan punjer panyulingan, sarta fragmentasi parkebunan rakyat lan peternakan kang digalakake déning para warga katurunan eksodus <ref name="internet22"/>. Panurunan angka kamatian njalari cacah partumbuhan warga ngalami paningkatan.Uga ing taun [[1901]], sensus ngitung cacah pandhudhuk 29.000 wong ing kutha St Peter lan 24.700 cacah warga ing kutga Fort-de-France.Cacah pandhudhuk kang didominasi déning pamukiman kutha, Fort-de-France luwih adoh pangembangané saka kutha kang kawengkar 7000 jiwa, lan duwé kaprigelan ing babagan tani <ref name="internet23"/>. ==Kabijakan lan Administrasi== ==Pulitik== Kutha Fort-de-France duwé 50 taun bètèng sak Partaé Progresif kang madeg kapimpin déning penjenegné Martinique Aimé Cesaire. Sensitivitas pulitik Foyalais.Raymond Saint-Augustin-Louis kanthi resmi kapilih dadi walikota Fort-de-France déning Dèwan Kutha tanggal [[7 April]] [[2010]]. Panjenengané nerima 48 suwara saka 49. Panjenengané uga kapih dadi Serge Letchimy, ing tanggal 26 Maret 2010 Présidhèn Dèwan Laladan Martinique. ==Pratélan Walikota== {| class="wikitable" |- ! No. ! Taun Periodé ! Nama Walikutha ! Pulitik |- | 1 | 1883 1888 | Jules Fanfan |- |- | 2 | 1888 1896 | Osman Duquesnay | Républicain |- | 3 | 1896 1900 | Henri Audemar |- |- | 4 | 1900 1907 | Victor Sévère | Radical |- | 5 |1907 1908 | Antoine Siger (assassiné) | Radical |- | 6 | 1908 1919 | Victor Sévère | Radical |- |7 | 1919 1924 | Louis Saint-Cyr |- |- | 8 | 1924 1941 | Victor Sévère | Radical |- | 9 | 1941 1943 | Jean de Laguarigue (administration de l'Amiral Robert) | Régime de Vichy |- | 10 | 1943 1943 | Étienne Montestruc (administration de l'Amiral Robert) | Régime de Vichy |- | 11 | 1943 1945 | Victor Sévère | Radical |- | 12 | 1945 2001 | Aimé Césaire | PC puis PPM |- | 13 | 2001 2010 | Serge Letchimy | PPM |- | 14 | 2010-saumur urip | Raymond Saint-Louis-Augustin | PPM |} ==Peradilan lan administrasi== Ing Fort-de-France ya iku prefektur hotèl biskop agung, rumah sakit universitas, Staf Umum Angkatan Bersenjata ing Hindia kulon lan Guyana, gedhong pangadilan Tinggi lan Pengadilan Banding <ref name="internet12">{{fr}}[http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&plusieursReponses=true&zoneSearchField=FORT+DE+FRANCE&codeZone=249720061-GFP&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher Insee - Résultats du recensement de la population de 2009 - Communauté d'agglomération du Centre de la Martinique]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, consulté le 18 juillet 2012</ref>. [[Image:Préfecture de Fort de France.jpg|thumb|200px|Prefecture Fort-de-France]] [[Image:Batiments_PTT_Fort_de_France.jpg|thumb|200px|Hotèl Postes kang ana ing Fort-de-France]] Fort-de-France uga dadi salah sijiné pangkalan wadya lautan, kang dumunung ing Fort St Louis <ref name="internet12"/>. Wangun frigat surveilans, kapal patroli lan transportasi cahya tinanggenah ing ngisor kadaulatan nasional lan merangi dedhagangan [[narkoba]].  Fort-de-France duwé [[kursi]] saka Urban Community Centre Martinique (Cacem), kang duwé cacah 165.494 warga ing 200.918, déning Lamentin, St Joseph lan Schoelch <ref name="internet12"/>. ==Pangubahan demografi== Asebab bencana kang ningkatake angka kamatian warga ing sangisoré 17000 jiwa. Partumbuhan warga wigati ing taun [[1891]] lan taun 1990 sabanjuré bencana pungkasan ing kutha kang utama taun 1954, nganti 100000 wong ing awal 1990-an. Maka kutha Fort-de-France kelangan populasi 87.216 warga taun 2010. {{Démographie2 |colonnes =9 |largeur-tableau =60% |titre = |marge-interlignes =18px |taille-police =90% |hauteur-lignes =120% |hyperliens-années =on |années-fond =#F5F5F5 |population-fond =#F3FFF3 |notes-fond =#F5F5F5;font-size:90% |style-notes = |1853|{{formatnum:13130}} |1867|{{formatnum:16721}} |1894|{{formatnum:17274}} |1901|{{formatnum:24692}} |1936|{{formatnum:52051}} |1954|{{formatnum:60648}} |1961|{{formatnum:84811}} |1967|{{formatnum:96943}} |1974|{{formatnum:98807}} |1982|{{formatnum:99844}} |1990|{{formatnum:100080}} |1999|{{formatnum:94152}} |2006|{{formatnum:90347}} |2007|{{formatnum:89794}} |2008|{{formatnum:89000}} |2009|{{formatnum:88440}} |2010|{{formatnum:87216}} |notes= De 1961 à 1999: [[Chiffres de population de la France#Aspect statistique|population sans doubles comptes]] ; à partir de 2006: [[Chiffres de population de la France#La population municipale|population municipale]] [[Chiffres de population de la France#Aspect législatif|légale]]. |source=[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|Insee]]: 1967-1999<ref>{{Lien web |url=http://www.recensement.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?zoneSearchField=&codeZone=97209-COM&idTheme=3 |titre=Évolution et structure de la population |site=[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|Insee]] |consulté le=27 mai 2012. }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, 2006<ref> {{Lien web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/departement.asp?dep=972&annee=2006 |titre=Populations légales 2006 des communes du département |site =[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|Insee]] |consulté le= 27 mai 2012.}}</ref>, 2007<ref> {{Lien web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/departement.asp?dep=972&annee=2007 |titre=Populations légales 2007 des communes du département |site =[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|Insee]] |consulté le= 27 mai 2012.}}</ref>, 2008<ref> {{Lien web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/departement.asp?dep=972&annee=2008 |titre=Populations légales 2008 des communes du département |site =[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|Insee]] |consulté le= 27 mai 2012.}}</ref>, 2009<ref> {{Lien web |url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/departement.asp?dep=972&annee=2009 |titre=Populations légales 2009 des communes du département |site =[[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|Insee]] |consulté le= 27 mai 2012.}}</ref>}} <center> <timeline> Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.7) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.7,0.9,0.7) ImageSize = width:750 height:340 PlotArea = left:50 bottom:30 top:30 right:50 DateFormat = x.y Period =from:0 till:105000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:10000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:5000 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo BarData= bar:1791 bar:1792 bar:1793 bar:1794 bar:1795 bar:1796 bar:1797 bar:1798 bar:1799 bar:1800 text:1800 bar:1801 bar:1802 bar:1803 bar:1804 bar:1805 bar:1806 bar:1807 bar:1808 bar:1809 bar:1810 bar:1811 bar:1812 bar:1813 bar:1814 bar:1815 bar:1816 bar:1817 bar:1818 bar:1819 bar:1820 text:1820 bar:1821 bar:1822 bar:1823 bar:1824 bar:1825 bar:1826 bar:1827 bar:1828 bar:1829 bar:1830 bar:1831 bar:1832 bar:1833 bar:1834 bar:1835 bar:1836 bar:1837 bar:1838 bar:1839 bar:1840 text:1840 bar:1841 bar:1842 bar:1843 bar:1844 bar:1845 bar:1846 bar:1847 bar:1848 bar:1849 bar:1850 bar:1851 bar:1852 bar:1853 bar:1854 bar:1855 bar:1856 bar:1857 bar:1858 bar:1859 bar:1860 text:1860 bar:1861 bar:1862 bar:1863 bar:1864 bar:1865 bar:1866 bar:1867 bar:1868 bar:1869 bar:1870 bar:1871 bar:1872 bar:1873 bar:1874 bar:1875 bar:1876 bar:1877 bar:1878 bar:1879 bar:1880 text:1880 bar:1881 bar:1882 bar:1883 bar:1884 bar:1885 bar:1886 bar:1887 bar:1888 bar:1889 bar:1890 bar:1891 bar:1892 bar:1893 bar:1894 bar:1895 bar:1896 bar:1897 bar:1898 bar:1899 bar:1900 text:1900 bar:1901 bar:1902 bar:1903 bar:1904 bar:1905 bar:1906 bar:1907 bar:1908 bar:1909 bar:1910 bar:1911 bar:1912 bar:1913 bar:1914 bar:1915 bar:1916 bar:1917 bar:1918 bar:1919 bar:1920 text:1920 bar:1921 bar:1922 bar:1923 bar:1924 bar:1925 bar:1926 bar:1927 bar:1928 bar:1929 bar:1930 bar:1931 bar:1932 bar:1933 bar:1934 bar:1935 bar:1936 bar:1937 bar:1938 bar:1939 bar:1940 text:1940 bar:1941 bar:1942 bar:1943 bar:1944 bar:1945 bar:1946 bar:1947 bar:1948 bar:1949 bar:1950 bar:1951 bar:1952 bar:1953 bar:1954 bar:1955 bar:1956 bar:1957 bar:1958 bar:1959 bar:1960 text:1960 bar:1961 bar:1962 bar:1963 bar:1964 bar:1965 bar:1966 bar:1967 bar:1968 bar:1969 bar:1970 bar:1971 bar:1972 bar:1973 bar:1974 bar:1975 bar:1976 bar:1977 bar:1978 bar:1979 bar:1980 text:1980 bar:1981 bar:1982 bar:1983 bar:1984 bar:1985 bar:1986 bar:1987 bar:1988 bar:1989 bar:1990 bar:1991 bar:1992 bar:1993 bar:1994 bar:1995 bar:1996 bar:1997 bar:1998 bar:1999 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2001 bar:2002 bar:2003 bar:2004 bar:2005 bar:2006 bar:2007 bar:2008 bar:2009 PlotData= color:barra width:10 align:left bar:1853 from:0 till: 13130 bar:1867 from:0 till: 16721 bar:1894 from:0 till: 17274 bar:1901 from:0 till: 24692 bar:1936 from:0 till: 52051 bar:1954 from:0 till: 60648 bar:1961 from:0 till: 84811 bar:1967 from:0 till: 96943 bar:1974 from:0 till: 98807 bar:1982 from:0 till: 99844 bar:1990 from:0 till: 100080 bar:1999 from:0 till: 94152 bar:2006 from:0 till: 90347 bar:2007 from:0 till: 89794 bar:2008 from:0 till: 89000 bar:2009 from:0 till: 88440 TextData= fontsize:S pos:(50,10) text:Sources - Insee. </timeline> </center> ==Pambanding populasi== Pabanding antara taun [[2006]] lan [[1990]] ngakibataké populasi kang luwih sithik ing taun 1990, uga populasi ing kalangan wong wadon keton ing taun 2006 <ref>[http://www.recensement-2006.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&zoneSearchField=FORT+DE+FRANCE&codeZone=97209-COM&normalizedSearch=&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher Recensement de l'INSEE en 2006 (diunduh tanggal 12 April 2012)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311214845/http://www.recensement-2006.insee.fr/chiffresCles.action?codeMessage=5&zoneSearchField=FORT+DE+FRANCE&codeZone=97209-COM&normalizedSearch=&idTheme=3&rechercher=Rechercher |date=11 March 2012 }}.</ref>. ==Pendhidhikan== ==Sekolahan== Kutha kang duwé 25 taman kanak-kanak (TK), 59 sekolah dhasar (SD), 8 pawiyatan luhur, Papat sekolah kajuruan, 3 sekolah ndhuwur masarakat umum lan enem sekolah piagam <ref name="internet25B">{{Lien web | url = http://www.fortdefrance.fr/docs/plu/02%20rapport%20de%20pr%E9sentation/01%20RP%20Diagnostic%20approuv%E9.pdf | titre = Diagnostic du PLU de Fort-de-France-Équipements de proximité | année = 2007 | site = http://www.fortdefrance.fr | page = 85 | consulté le = 24 April 2013 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172958/http://www.fortdefrance.fr/docs/plu/02%20rapport%20de%20pr%E9sentation/01%20RP%20Diagnostic%20approuv%E9.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}.</ref>. {{colonnes|taille=18| * Pawiyatan luhur [[Aimé Césaire]] (Terres-Sainville) * Pawiyatan luhur Julia Nicolas (Centre-ville) * Pawiyatan luhur Perrinon (Cluny) * Pawiyatan luhur Tartenson * Pawiyatan luhur Roger Castendet (Coridon) * Pawiyatan luhur Cassien Sainte-Claire (La Meynard) * Pawiyatan luhur Dillon 1 * Pawiyatan luhur Dillon 2 * Pawiyatan luhur Jacqueline Julius (Godissard) * Pawiyatan luhur Séminaire (Privé catholique) * LP [[André Aliker]] (Cluny) * LP de Dillon * LP de Chateauboeuf * LP Dumas Jean-Joseph (ex Pointe des Nègres) * Lycée Techno-Compta (Privé) * SMA Schoelcher * SMA de Bellevue * SMA Joseph Gaillard (ex Lycée Technique) * LSMA polyvalent A.M.E.P (Privé) * SMA professionnel A.M.E.P Raynal Sarcus (Privé) * I.M.E (Institut Martiniquais d'Études) (Privé), fondé en 1967 par l'écrivain [[Édouard Glissant]] * Couvent Saint-Joseph de Cluny (Privé catholique) * CFA Tertiaire de la CCI Martinique }} ==Pendhidhikan tinggi== * Kelas kasiapan tumuju Sekolah-Jurusan Ilmiah lan Sastra (SMA Bellevue) * Sekolah Management lan Perdagangan (ICC Martinique) * Kampus Kagunan Karibia (Institut Kagunan Visual Martinique) ==Prastawa budaya lan festival== Festival budaya ing kutha Fort-de-France diadakake saben taun ing [[wulan]] [[Juni]] lan [[Juli]]. ==Rumah sakit== Cacah rumah sakit kang ana ing Fort-de-France kurang luwih 1.900 ranjam pesakitan <ref name="internet25">{{Lien web | url = http://www.fortdefrance.fr/docs/plu/02%20rapport%20de%20pr%E9sentation/01%20RP%20Diagnostic%20approuv%E9.pdf | titre = Diagnostic du PLU de Fort-de-France-Équipement sanitaire | année = 2007 | site = http://www.fortdefrance.fr | page = 83 | consulté le = 24 April 2013 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172958/http://www.fortdefrance.fr/docs/plu/02%20rapport%20de%20pr%E9sentation/01%20RP%20Diagnostic%20approuv%E9.pdf |date=3 March 2016 }}.</ref>. [[Rumah Sakit Universitas Fort-de-France]] kawengkar dumadi papat sekolah (kurang luwih 1.300 panggonan ranjam pesakitan) lan nerima kurang luwih 40 000 pasien saben tauné <ref name="internet26">{{Lien web | url = http://www.chu-fortdefrance.fr/ | titre = Histoire du CHU de Fort-de-France | année = | site = http://www.chu-fortdefrance.fr/ | consulté le = 24 April 2013 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517122433/http://www.chu-fortdefrance.fr/ |date=17 May 2012 }}.</ref>. * Rumah Sakit Pierre Zobda Quitman (700 kamar) * Rumah Sakit Albert Clarac (50 Kamar); * Rumah Sakit Bersalin Ibu lan Anak (150 kamar); * Rumah Sakit Emma Pusat Ventura (400 kamar. * Rumah Sakit Clinique Saint-Paul swasta, (52 kamar); * Rumah Sakit CHS Colson (470 Kamar) (rumah sakit jiwa) * Rumah Sakit Klinik Calmette, palayanan laboratorium lan dhokter spesialis ==Ulah raga== Saben taun ing wulan [[November]],asring diselengarakake tetandhingan maraton internasional ing kutha Fort-de-France. Kagiatan ulah raga kang gedhé dhéwé lan misuwur disalengarakake ing tengah kutha Fort-de-France. ==Klub Ulah raga== Fort-de-France duwé kalompok utawa cabang ulah raga: * Babal-balan **[[Colonial Club saka Fort-de-France]] ('' Kanthi 19 gelar liga, klub [[bal-balan]] liga paling sukses Martinique'') ** [[Good Luck Fort-de-France]] ('' Loro gelar jawara liga Martinique'') ** Excelsior ('' 3 gelar jawara liga Martinique'') ** Intrepid ('' 3 gelar jawara liga Martinique'') ** UJ Redoute ** C.O.D.S.T (''Club Omnisports Dillon Sainte-Thérèse'') ** C.O.T.V (''Club Omnisports Trénelle-Volga'') ** ASJ Bô Kannal * ''Handball'': ** L'Espoir de Floréal ** USC Citron ** l'UJ Redoute ** ASC Volga-Plage * ''Basket ball'': ** L'USAC (''Union Sportive Amicale et Culturelle'') ** Intrépide ** Golden Star Basket Ball ** Baloncesto * ''Volley ball'': ** Good-Luck * ''Athlétisme'': ** Mairie Sportive ** Club Colonial ** ASC Police * ''Rugby'': ** Good-Luck ** CS Militaire * ''Cyclisme'': ** Union Sportive Foyalaise (USF) * ''Natation'': ** Cercle des nageurs de l'Espadon * ''Yoles rondes'' ** Tremplin's ''Club de voile les Alizés'' == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Fort-de-France}} * [http://www.fortdefrance.fr/ Official website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406213015/http://www.fortdefrance.fr/ |date=2021-04-06 }} *[http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/merimee_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_98=INSEE&VALUE_98=97209 Mérimée database – Cultural heritage] {{Fr icon}} ==Cathetan sikil== {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Komune ing Martinique]] [[Kategori:Kutha ing Prancis]] {{Nagara-geo-stub|Prancis}} 10hssyomo4sp2drs6bjv2mne3b59c4b 0 101089 1747545 1716321 2026-04-25T16:58:08Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747545 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Charles Bronson Cannes.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Bronson in 1987]] '''Charles Dennis Buchinsky''' utawa '''Charles Bronson''' (lair {{lahirmati||3|11|1921||30|8|2003}}) ya iku [[aktor]] saka [[Amérikah Sarékat]]. Charles Bronson lair ing Ehrenfeld, Pennsylvania. Ing taun [[2003]] Charles Bronson séda amarga lara radang [[paru-paru]] (pneumonia). Charles Bronson iku aktor jagoan sing main ing filem-filem laga kaya déné ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' dhèwèké dadi Harmonica. == Filmografi == {{col|2}} * ''The People Against O'Hara'' ([[1951]]) * ''The Mob'' (1951) * ''The Marrying Kind'' ([[1952]]) * ''My Six Convicts'' (1952) * ''Pat and Mike'' (1952) * ''Battle Zone'' (1952) * ''House of Wax'' ([[1953]]) * ''Crime Wave'' (1954) * ''Apache'' ([[1954]]) * ''Vera Cruz'' (1954) * ''Jubal'' ([[1956]]) * ''The Magnificent Seven'' ([[1960]]) * ''Master of the World'' ([[1961]]) * ''X-15'' (1961) * ''Kid Galahad'' ([[1962]]) * ''The Great Escape'' ([[1963]]) * ''4 for Texas'' (1963) * ''Battle of the Bulge'' ([[1965]]) * ''This Property is Condemned'' ([[1966]]) * ''The Dirty Dozen'' ([[1967]]) * ''Honor Among Thieves'' ([[1968]]) * ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' (1968) * ''Lola'' ([[1969]]) * ''The Family'' (1970) * ''Cold Sweat'' ([[1970]]) * ''Red Sun'' ([[1971]]) * ''The Valachi Papers'' (1972) * ''The Mechanic'' ([[1972]]) * ''The Stone Killer'' ([[1973]]) * ''Chino'' ([[1974]]) * ''Mr. Majestyk'' (1974) * ''Death Wish'' (1974) * ''Breakout'' ([[1975]]) * ''Breakheart Pass'' (1975) * ''Hard Times'' (1975) * ''St. Ives'' ([[1976]]) * ''From Noon Till Three'' (1976) * ''Telefon'' ([[1977]]) * ''Raid on Entebbe'' (1977) * ''Love and Bullets'' ([[1979]]) * ''Borderline'' ([[1980]]) * ''Death Hunt'' ([[1981]]) * ''Death Wish II'' ([[1982]]) * ''10 to Midnight'' ([[1983]]) * ''The Evil That Men Do'' ([[1984]]) * ''Death Wish 3'' ([[1985]]) * ''Murphy's Law'' ([[1986]]) * ''Assassination'' (1987) * ''Death Wish 4: The Crackdown'' ([[1987]]) * ''Messenger of Death'' (1988) * ''Kinjite: Forbidden Subjects'' ([[1988]]) * ''The Indian Runner'' ([[1991]]) * ''Death Wish V: The Face of Death'' ([[1994]]) {{end-col}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.charlesbronson.info Situs resmi]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{imdb nama|id=0000314|nama=Charles Bronson}} * [http://www.charles-bronson.com Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121044402/http://www.charles-bronson.com/ |date=2020-01-21 }} * [http://www.charlesbronson.ca Situs resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090414074305/http://www.charlesbronson.ca/ |date=2009-04-14 }} {{Commons category|Charles Bronson}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bronson, Charles}} [[Kategori:Aktor Amérika]] [[Kategori:Lair 1921]] [[Kategori:Pati 2003]] {{Stub}} 61n88ip9brbq6bbxnt5mk6dnykuzq5p 0 106425 1747556 1621457 2026-04-26T00:26:14Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747556 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dharma Wanita''' yaiku organisasi kang ana ing Indonesia.<ref name="A">{{cite web|url=http://dwpprovdki.org/program-kerja/|title=Program Kerja|accessdate=2014-05-29|publisher=Dharma Wanita Persatuan Provinsi DKI Jakarta|archive-date=2023-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531040835/https://dwpprovdki.org/program-kerja/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Organisasi iku muncul awit taun 1999. Anggota organisasi Dharma Wanita yaiku bojone pegawé nagari sipil utawa biyasa disingkat PNS. Conto kang dadi anggotane Dharma Wanita yaiku bojo PNS, bojo TNI, bojo POLRI, bojo pegawé BUMN utawa BUMN, lan sak piturute. Organisasi iki duwé tujuan arep makmurake anggota PNS. Organisasi ini ngduwe visi arep dadi organisasi bojo PNS kang kukoh, nyawiji lan mandiri. == Rujukan == {{reflist}} k7gckq7kw9y1omq2a5jbxvog1azb7ww 3 129796 1747547 948967 2026-04-25T18:53:50Z EmausBot 5850 Mbenakaké rong pralihan nèng [[Parembugan Naraguna:Ран-кан]] 1747547 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Parembugan Naraguna:Ран-кан]] b1ezwlj3ko3otj7rleebtd7oqqd8du9 0 132471 1747587 1746596 2026-04-26T11:16:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747587 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Game of Thrones title card.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Gambar pambuka TV séri Game of Thrones|pra=Special:FilePath/Game_of_Thrones_title_card.jpg]] '''''Game of Thrones''''' iku TV séri drama fantasi sing asalé saka Amérika diciptakaké déning David Benioff lan D. B. Weiss. TV séri iki diadaptasi saka novèl séri ''A Song of Ice and Fire ''déning [[George R. R. Martin]], judhul buku pertamané ya iku ''A Game of Thrones''. ''Game of Thrones'' iki difilemké ing Titatnic Studios ing [[Belfast]], Irlandia lor,  lan uga ing [[Kroasia|Croatia]], [[Èslan]], [[Malta]], [[Maroko]], [[Spanyol]], [[Sekotlan|Scotland]], lan ing [[Amérikah Sarékat|United States]]. Séri iki main pertama ing [[Home Box Office|HBO]], ing the United States wulan April 17, 2011, lan mangsa ke-6 main ing wulan Juni, 26, 2016. Mangsa ke-7 Game of Thrones dijadwalké main ing tengahan taun 2017 kanthi gunggung pitung épisodhe.<ref name="HBO confirms">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/07/18/game-thrones-season-7|title=Game of Thrones: HBO announces summer return, 7 episodes|work=Entertainment Weekly|last=Hibberd|first=James|date=July 18, 2016|accessdate=July 18, 2016}}</ref> Séri iki mapan ing buwana fiksi Westeros lan Essos. Kapisan, Game of Thrones nyeritakaké konflik-konflik ing dinasthi-dinasthi kanggo menangaké Iron Throne marang Seven Kingdoms, kulawarga-kulawarga linuhung padha perang kanggo menangaké Iron Throne iku; banjur sing kapindho, séri iki uga nyeritakaké trah pamungkas saka salah sijining kulawarga linuhung sing dibuwang kanggo ngrebut tahta utawa Iron Throne; sing ketelu, nyeritakaké ancaman ing mangsa salju sing mbebayani lan makluk sing legendaris lan medén-medéni wong-wong ing ''the North'' (sisih lor). {| class="wikitable" ! style="width:7%" | Mangsa ! style="width:11%" |Disusun ! style="width:13%" |Panjupukan Gambar ! style="width:10%" |Siyaran Kapisan ! style="width:10%" |Siyaran Pamungkas !Buku sing diadaptasi |- | Mangsa ke-1 | 2 Maret 2010<ref>{{Cite news|last=Ryan|first=Maureen|title=HBO picks up 'Game of Thrones'; first picture, cast list|url=http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/entertainment_tv/2010/03/game-of-thrones-hbo-george-rr-martin-.html|accessdate=May 15, 2012|work=Chicago Tribune|date=March 2, 2010|archive-date=August 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821120407/http://featuresblogs.chicagotribune.com/entertainment_tv/2010/03/game-of-thrones-hbo-george-rr-martin-.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Tengahan taun 2010 | 17 April 2011 | 19 Juni 2011 | ''A Game of Thrones'' |- | Mangsa ke-2 | 19 April 2011<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hibberd|first=James|title=HBO renews 'Game of Thrones' for second season!|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2011/04/19/game-of-thrones-renewed|work=Entertainment Weekly|accessdate=July 19, 2015|date=April 19, 2011}}</ref> | Tengahan taun 2011 | 1 April 2012 | 3 Juni 2012 | ''A Clash of Kings'' lan babak-babak kapisan Buku ''A Storm of Swords''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://io9.gizmodo.com/5915744/10-best-changes-game-of-thrones-made-to-a-clash-of-kings|title=10 Best Changes ''Game of Thrones'' Made to ''A Clash of Kings''|publisher=Gizmodo|first=Charlie Jane|last=Anders|date=June 5, 2012|accessdate=January 3, 2016|archive-date=August 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821120407/http://io9.gizmodo.com/5915744/10-best-changes-game-of-thrones-made-to-a-clash-of-kings|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | Mangsa ke-3 | 10 April 2012<ref>{{Cite web|last=O'Connell|first=Michael|title='Game of Thrones' Renewed for Season 3|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/game-of-thrones-renewed-season-3-306981|work=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=July 19, 2015|date=April 10, 2012}}</ref> | Tengahan taun 2012 | 31 Maret 2013 | 9 Juni 2013 | Bab kapisan saka bab sepertelu kapindho Buku ''A Storm of Swords''<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hibberd|first=James|title='Game of Thrones' showrunners on season 2, splitting Book 3 and their hope for a 70-hour epic|page=3|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2012/03/30/game-of-thrones-showrunners-season-2|accessdate=April 10, 2012|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=March 30, 2012|archive-date=August 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821120407/http://www.ew.com/article/2012/03/30/game-of-thrones-showrunners-season-2|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.zap2it.com/blogs/game_of_thrones_season_4_writer_bryan_cogman_on_tyrions_trial_book_deviations_and_that_white_walker-2014-05|title='Game of Thrones' Season 4: Writer Bryan Cogman breaks down Tyrion's trial, book deviations and that White Walker scene|work=Zap2it|first=Terri|last=Schwartz|date=May 12, 2014|accessdate=May 17, 2015|archive-date=June 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630212435/http://www.zap2it.com/blogs/game_of_thrones_season_4_writer_bryan_cogman_on_tyrions_trial_book_deviations_and_that_white_walker-2014-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | Mangsa ke-4 | 2 April 2013<ref name="season 4 renewal">{{Cite web|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2013/04/02/game-of-thrones-renewed-4-season/|work=Entertainment Weekly|title='Game of Thrones' renewed for season 4|last=Hibberd|first=James|date=April 2, 2013|accessdate=April 2, 2013}}</ref> |Tengahan taun 2013 |6 April 2014 | 15 Juni 2014 | Bab-bab pamungkas sepertelu Buku ''A Storm of Swords'' lan sethithik èlemèn-èlemèn saka Buku ''A Feast for Crows'' lan Buku ''A Dance with Dragons''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Vineyard|first=Jennifer|title=What Will Happen in Season 4 of ''Game of Thrones''?|url=http://www.vulture.com/2013/06/what-will-happen-season-4-of-game-of-thrones.html|accessdate=February 7, 2014|work=Vulture|date=June 11, 2013}}</ref> |- | Mangsa ke-5 | 8 April 2014<ref name="Season 5 & 6">{{Cite web|url=http://ign.com/articles/2014/04/08/game-of-thrones-renewed-for-season-5-and-season-6|title=Game of Thrones Renewed for Season 5 and Season 6|last=Goldman|first=Eric|publisher=IGN|date=April 8, 2014|accessdate=April 8, 2014}}</ref> | Tengahan taun 2014 | 12 April 2015 | 14 Juni 2015 | ''A Feast for Crows'', ''A Dance with Dragons'' lan bab-bab asli,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Game of Thrones Season 5: Inside the Episode #9 (HBO)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfLScJVXBHQ/www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfLScJVXBHQ|access-date=June 9, 2015|publisher=HBO|date=June 7, 2015}}</ref> ditambahi bab-bab pamungkas saka Buku ''A Storm of Swords''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hibberd|first=James|title='Game of Thrones' showrunners talk season 5: 'There will be Dorne'|url=http://insidetv.ew.com/2014/06/18/game-of-thrones-season-5/|work=Entertainment Weekly|date=June 18, 2014|accessdate=June 18, 2014|archive-date=January 12, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112065324/http://insidetv.ew.com/2014/06/18/game-of-thrones-season-5/|url-status=dead}}</ref> lan èlemèn-èlemèn saka Buku ''The Winds of Winter''<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kain|first=Erik|title=Why Season 5 Of 'Game Of Thrones' Is The Most Important Yet For HBO|url=http://www.forbes.com/sites/erikkain/2015/04/12/why-season-5-of-game-of-thrones-is-the-most-important-yet-for-hbo/|work=Forbes|date=April 12, 2015|accessdate=April 13, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Game of Thrones Episodes: EP510: Mother’s Mercy|url=http://www.westeros.org/GoT/Episodes/Entry/Mothers_Mercy|publisher=Westeros.org|accessdate=June 18, 2015}}</ref> |- | Mangsa ke-6 | 8 April 2014<ref name="Season 5 & 6"/> | Tengahan taun 2015 | 24 April 2016 | 26 Juni 2016 | Bab-bab asli lan ringkesan Buku ''The Winds of Winter'',<ref name="writing">{{Cite web|url=http://www.goldderby.com/news/10007/game-of-thrones-jon-snow-season-six-tease-emmys-entertainment-13579086-story.html|title='Game of Thrones' director Jeremy Podeswa dishes Jon Snow death, teases season six (Exclusive Video)|publisher=GoldDerby|last=Noble|first=Matt|date=August 18, 2015|accessdate=August 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name="EW516">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2016/05/24/george-rr-martin-3-twists-game-thrones|title=George R.R. Martin revealed 3 huge shocks to Game of Thrones producers|work=Entertainment Weekly|first=James|last=Hibberd|date=May 24, 2016|accessdate=May 24, 2016|archive-date=August 21, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821120407/http://www.ew.com/article/2016/05/24/george-rr-martin-3-twists-game-thrones|url-status=dead}}</ref> ditambah èlemèn-èlemèn saka Buku ''A Feast for Crows'' and ''A Dance with Dragons''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vulture.com/2016/05/game-of-thrones-has-not-gone-off-book.html|title=Why It’s a Misconception That Game of Thrones Has Gone ‘Off-Book’|publisher=Vulture|first=Jennifer|last=Vineyard|date=May 5, 2016|accessdate=May 24, 2016}}</ref> |- | Mangsa ke-7 | 21 April 2016<ref name="s7 renewed">{{Cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2016/04/game-of-thrones-renewed-season-6-veep-silicon-valley-hbo-1201741600/|title=‘Game Of Thrones’ Picked Up For Season 7, ‘Veep’ & ‘Silicon Valley’ Also Renewed By HBO|work=Deadline|last=Andreeva|first=Nellie|date=April 21, 2016|accessdate=April 21, 2016}}</ref> | Tengahan taun 2016<ref name="seasons 7 and 8">{{Cite web|url=http://variety.com/2016/tv/news/game-of-thrones-end-date-season-8-1201752746/|title=‘Game of Thrones’ Creators Mull Shorter Final Seasons (EXCLUSIVE)|work=Variety|first=Debra|last=Birnbaum|date=April 14, 2016|accessdate=April 28, 2016}}</ref> | Tengahan taun 2017<ref name="HBO confirms"/> | Tengahan taun 2017<ref name="HBO confirms"/> | Bab-bab asli lan ringkesan Buku ''The Winds of Winter'' and ''A Dream of Spring''<ref name="EW516"/> |} == Réferénsi == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Kategori:Filem]] 95tgs5jzdzb7jljwgujew9wmxc3dshg 0 133205 1747541 1740176 2026-04-25T15:45:11Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747541 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cara Jocelyn Delevingne''' (<span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups">/<span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/ 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span> <span title="/ˌ/ secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɛ/ short 'e' in 'bed'">ɛ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/iː/ long 'e' in 'seed'">iː</span><span title="'n' in 'no'">n</span>/</span></span><span class="nowrap"></span> <span title="English pronunciation respelling">[[Wikipedia:Pronunciation respelling key|'''''<span class="smallcaps">KAH</span>'''-rə'']]</span><span title="English pronunciation respelling"></span> <span title="English pronunciation respelling">[[Wikipedia:Pronunciation respelling key|'''''<span class="smallcaps">DEL</span>'''-ə-'''<span class="smallcaps">VEEN</span>''''']]</span><span title="English pronunciation respelling"></span>;<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://twitter.com/Caradelevingne/status/234442537044160513 "Cara Delevingne on Twitter: "@SmileItsNiall de-le-veen""]. </cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation web">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOCO51-ApLE "Cara Delevingne Interview for British Vogue Cover Part 1"]. </cite></ref> lair ing tanggal 12 Agustus taun 1992)<ref><cite class="citation web">Haynes, Gavin (10 April 2013). </cite></ref><ref name="Burke"><cite class="citation book">Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). </cite></ref> dhèwèké iku modèl fashion lan paraga wanita saka [[Inggris]].<ref name="Hermann2"><cite class="citation news">Herrmann, Joshi (29 November 2012). </cite></ref><ref name="Fox"><cite class="citation news">Fox, Imogen (7 September 2013). </cite></ref><ref name="Jones2"><cite class="citation news">Jones, Ellen E (21 February 2014). </cite></ref> Dhèwèké kedhaptar ing  Storm Model Management sawisé metu sekolah ing taun 2009.<ref name="Smith-2014"><cite class="citation book">Smith, Abi (2014). </cite></ref> Delevingne menangi pakurmatan  "Model of the Year" saka  British Fashion Awards ing taun 2012 lan taun 2014 lan wis muncul ing acara kanggo omah kalebu Burberry, Mulberry, Dolce & Gabbana, lan Jason Wu.<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-Models.com_14-0" rel="dc:references">[[#cite_note-Models.com-14|<span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[14]</nowiki></span>]]</span><span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-Models.com_14-0" rel="dc:references"></span> Dhèwèké miwiti karir dadi paraga wédok nalika main ing filem adhaptasi ing taun 2012 judhulé ''Anna Karenina''. Delevingne minangka karakter Margo Roth Spiegelman ing filem misteri romantis sing judhulé ''Paper Towns'' (2015), dadi Kath Talent ing ''London Fields'', lan dadi paraga antagonis ya iku Enchantress ing filem anti-adiwira sing judhulé ''[[Suicide Squad (filem)|Suicide Squad]]'' (2016). [[Gambar:Cara_Delevingne_During_LFW_SS15.jpg|jmpl|Delevingne ing London Fashion Week SS15]] == Nominasi lan Pakurmatan == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taun ! Pakurmatan ! Kategori ! Panampa ! Outcome |- |2012 | rowspan="2" |British Fashion Awards | Model of the Year<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/galleries/TMG9555608/Cara-Delevingne-Britains-Model-of-the-Year.html "Cara Delevingne: Britain's Model of the Year&nbsp;– Fashion Galleries&nbsp;– Telegraph"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160317103427/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/galleries/TMG9555608/Cara-Delevingne-Britains-Model-of-the-Year.html |date=2016-03-17 }}. ''fashion.telegraph.co.uk''<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> | rowspan="3" |Herself |- | rowspan="5" |2014 | Model of the Year<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.vogue.co.uk/news/2014/12/01/british-fashion-awards-2014-winners "British Fashion Awards 2014: The Winners"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Capricho Awards | More Style<ref name="Capricho-Awards-2014"><cite class="citation web">[http://febreteen.com.br/2014/10/capricho-awards-2014-austin-mahone-demi-lovato-e-fifth-harmony-sao-alguns-dos-indicados "Capricho Awards 2014: Austin Mahone, Demi Lovato e Fifth Harmony, são alguns dos indicados!"]</cite></ref> |- | Best Instagram<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-Capricho-Awards-2014_113-1" rel="dc:references">[[#cite_note-Capricho-Awards-2014-113|<span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[113]</nowiki></span>]]</span><span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-Capricho-Awards-2014_113-1" rel="dc:references"></span> | ''@CaraDelevingne'' |- | Young Hollywood Awards | You're So Fancy<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://yhawards.com/nominees "Nominees and Winners"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> | rowspan="3" |Herself |- |British Independent Film Awards |Most Promising Newcomer |- | rowspan="8" |2015 | Elle Style Awards | Breakthrough Actress<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.elleuk.com/elle-style-awards/winners-2015#image=11 "Elle Style Awards 2015: The Winners"]. ''www.elleuk.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> |- | CinemaCon Awards | Rising stars<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/movies/news/a643909/cara-delevingne-is-officially-a-rising-star-model-honoured-with-cinemacon-award.html#~pcBhuLTnj1K8X6 "Cara Delevingne is officially a Rising Star: Model honoured with CinemaCon award"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> | rowspan="3" |''Paper Towns'' |- | rowspan="4" |Teen Choice Awards | Choice Movie: Breakout Star |- | Choice Summer Movie Star: Female |- | Choice Female Hottie<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.teenchoice.com/article/wave-1-nominees "Wave 1 Nominees!"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322152635/http://www.teenchoice.com/article/wave-1-nominees |date=2016-03-22 }}</cite></ref> | rowspan="3" |Herself |- | Choice Model |- | rowspan="2" |Capricho Awards | More Style |- | Best International Actress<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://caradelevingne.com.br/noticias-cara-delevingne-e-indicada-ao-capricho-awards-2015/ "NOTÍCIAS: Cara Delevingne é indicada ao Capricho Awards 2015 » Cara Delevingne Brasil"]. ''caradelevingne.com.br''<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> | ''Paper Towns'' |- | rowspan="2" |2016 | People's Choice Awards | Seriously Popular Award | Herself |- | Teen Choice Awards | Choice Movie Actress: AnTEENcipated<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.teenchoice.com/article/winners-of-%E2%80%9Cteen-choice-2016%E2%80%9D-announced "Winners of 'Teen Choice 2016' Announced"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610024612/http://www.teenchoice.com/article/winners-of-%E2%80%9Cteen-choice-2016%E2%80%9D-announced |date=2017-06-10 }}. </cite></ref> | ''[[Suicide Squad (filem)|Suicide Squad]]'' |} == Filmografi == === Filem === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taun ! Judhul ! Peran ! class="unsortable" | Cathetan |- | 2012 | ''Anna Karenina'' | Princess Sorokina |- | rowspan="2" |2014 | ''Reincarnation by [[Chanel]]''<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wO4-TV6Zckc "Reincarnation," film by Karl Lagerfeld ft.]</ref> | Naughty Barmaid<br> Empress Elisabeth of Ostenrik |- | ''The Face of an Angel'' | Melanie |- | rowspan="3" |2015 | ''Paper Towns'' | Margo Roth Spiegelman |- | ''Pan'' | Mermaid |- | ''The 1989 World Tour Live'' | Herself | Taylor Swift's Guest Appearance on London |- | rowspan="5" |2016 | ''Kids in Love'' | Viola<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-Newbold_85-2" rel="dc:references">[[#cite_note-Newbold-85|<span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[85]</nowiki></span>]]</span><span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-Newbold_85-2" rel="dc:references"></span> |- | ''Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie'' | Herself |- | ''[[Suicide Squad (filem)|Suicide Squad]]'' | June Moone / Enchantress<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=57473 ""Suicide Squad" Cast Revealed with Jared Leto as Joker"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306142215/http://www.comicbookresources.com/?page=article&id=57473 |date=2015-03-06 }}. </cite></ref> |- | ''London Fields'' | Kath Talent<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-Alexander_65-2" rel="dc:references">[[#cite_note-Alexander-65|<span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[65]</nowiki></span>]]</span><span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-Alexander_65-2" rel="dc:references"></span><ref name="Newbold"><cite class="citation news">Newbold, Alice (3 October 2013). </cite></ref> | ''Post-production'' |- | ''Tulip Fever'' | Henrietta<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-Smith-2014_13-13" rel="dc:references">[[#cite_note-Smith-2014-13|<span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[13]</nowiki></span>]]</span><span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-Smith-2014_13-13" rel="dc:references"></span> |- | 2017 | ''[[Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets]]'' | Laureline | |} === Tèlèvisi === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! taun ! Judhul ! Jaringan ! Peran ! class="unsortable" | Cathetan ! Rujukan. |- | 2012 | ''The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show'' | [[CBS]] | Herself | Television filem |<ref><cite class="citation web">JRod (4 December 2012). </cite></ref> |- | 2013 | ''The Victoria's Secret Fashion Show'' | [[CBS]] | Herself | Television filem |<ref><cite class="citation web">JRod (10 December 2013). </cite></ref> |- | 2014 | ''Playhouse Presents'' | Sky plc | Chloe | Episode: "Timeless" |<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-Sowray-2014_66-2" rel="dc:references">[[#cite_note-Sowray-2014-66|<span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[66]</nowiki></span>]]</span><span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-Sowray-2014_66-2" rel="dc:references"></span> |} === Vidéo musik === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taun ! Artis ! Judhul |- | rowspan="2" |2010 | rowspan="2" |Bryan Ferry |"You Can Dance"<ref name="brianferry"><cite class="citation web">[http://www.bryanferry.com/cara-delevingne "Bryan Ferry – CARA DELEVINGNE"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911222858/http://www.bryanferry.com/cara-delevingne/ |date=2015-09-11 }}. ''www.bryanferry.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> |- |"Shameless"<span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-brianferry_124-1" rel="dc:references">[[#cite_note-brianferry-124|<span class="mw-reflink-text"><nowiki>[124]</nowiki></span>]]</span><span class="mw-ref" id="cite_ref-brianferry_124-1" rel="dc:references"></span> |- | 2014 | Die Antwoord | "Ugly Boy"<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.mtv.co.uk/cara-delevingne/news/cara-delevingne-plays-ugly-boy-for-die-antwoords-new-video "Cara Delevingne Plays 'Ugly Boy' For Die Antwoord's New Video | MTV UK"]. </cite></ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2015 |ASAP Ferg |"Dope Walk"<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.rollingstone.com/music/premieres/watch-asap-ferg-teach-haim-cara-delevingne-how-to-dope-walk-20150225 "Watch A$AP Ferg Teach Haim, Cara Delevingne How to 'Dope Walk'"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref><ref><cite class="citation web">[http://pitchfork.com/news/58248-chance-the-rapper-donnie-trumpet-and-the-social-experiment-share-nothing-came-to-me-short-starring-cara-delevingne/ "Cara Delevingne Stars in A$AP Ferg's New Music Video"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> |- |Donnie Trumpet & The Social Experiment |"Nothing Came to Me"<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.rollingstone.com/music/premieres/watch-asap-ferg-teach-haim-cara-delevingne-how-to-dope-walk-20150225 "Chance the Rapper, Donnie Trumpet and the Social Experiment Share "Nothing Came to Me" Short Starring Cara Delevingne"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></cite></ref> |- |[[Taylor Swift]] |"Bad Blood"<ref><cite class="citation web">Corriston, Michele (13 April 2015). </cite></ref> |} === Gim vidéo === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Taun ! Judhul ! Peran ! class="unsortable" |Cathetan |- | 2013 | ''Grand Theft Auto V'' | Non-Stop-Pop FM DJ<ref><cite class="citation web">[https://instagram.com/p/djV3BbDKJ2 "Cara Delevingne on Instagram: "I am so happy to announce that I will be a radio DJ in @rockstargames new GTA V coming soon!]</cite></ref> | Voice |- | 2015 | ''Call of Duty: Black Ops III'' | Soldier<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-3300031/Cara-Delevingne-plays-cold-hearted-killer-new-Call-Duty-trailer.html "Cara Delevingne plays the cold-hearted killer in new Call of Duty trailer"]. </cite></ref> | Trailer |} == Réferènsi == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Kategori:Lair 1992]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani]] [[Kategori:Wong Britani]] kiid0ivfzsu12bg81je84jhllsuqcko 0 137888 1747544 1663903 2026-04-25T16:33:57Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{taxobox |image = Gardenia jasminoides cv1.jpg |regnum = [[Plantae]] |unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]] | ordo = [[Gentianales]] |familia = [[Rubiaceae]] |genus = ''[[Gardenia]]'' |species = '''''G. jasminoides''''' |binomial = ''Gardenia jasminoides'' |binomial_authority = [[John Ellis (naturalist)|J.Ellis]] |synonyms = {{Plainlist | style = margin-left: 1em; text-indent:-1em; | *''Gardenia angustifolia'' <small>Lodd.</small> *''Gardenia augusta'' <small>Merr.</small> nom. illeg. *''Gardenia florida'' <small>L.</small> nom. illeg. *''Gardenia grandiflora'' <small>Lour.</small> *''Gardenia grandiflora'' <small>Siebold ex Zucc.</small> nom. illeg. *''Gardenia longisepala'' <small>(Masam.) Masam.</small> *''Gardenia maruba'' <small>Siebold ex Blume</small> *''Gardenia pictorum'' <small>Hassk.</small> *''Gardenia radicans'' <small>Thunb.</small> *''Gardenia schlechteri'' <small>H.Lév.</small> nom. illeg. *''Genipa florida'' <small>(L.) Baill.</small> *''Genipa grandiflora'' <small>(Lour.) Baill.</small> *''Genipa radicans'' <small>(Thunb.) Baill.</small> *''Jasminum capense'' <small>Mill.</small> *''Warneria augusta'' <small>L.</small> nom. inval. }} |synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-88270 |title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species |accessdate=30 November 2014 |archive-date=17 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017030217/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-88270 |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} '''Ceplok piring''' utawa '''cepiring'''（''Gardenia jasminoides'') utawa ing basa Indonésia ''kacapiring'' utawa ''kaca Piring'' ya iku jinising tuwuhan saka [[suku]] kopi-kopian (''[[Rubiaceae]]''). Kembangé warna putih lan ngganda arum. Tuwuhan iki nduwéni jeneng [[binominal]] ''Gardenia jasminoides'' kang ateges ''kaya déné [[melathi]]'' sanajan tuwuhan iki ora ana gegayutané karo tuwuhan melathi. Tuwuhan iki uga diarani ''Gardenia''.<ref name=GRIN>{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?70315 |title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy |accessdate=30 November 2014}}</ref> Ing [[Bali]] karan ''jempiring'' lan katetepaké minangka [[maskot]] kutha [[Dhènpasar]]. Asliné saka [[Asia]] lan umum tinemu ing tlatah [[Viètnam]], [[Cina]] sisih kidul, [[Taiwan]], [[Jepang]], [[Myanmar]] lan [[India]]. Kanthi godhong kang ijo mengkilat lan kembang kang arum, tuwuhan iki umum ditandur ing taman. Ing Cina wus ditandur maèwu taun, déné ing Inggris nembé digawa ing tengahing abad 18. == Dhèskripsi == Ceplok piring wujud tuwuhan perdu kang madeg jejeg kanthi dhuwur 1-2 mèter<ref name="Dalimartha">[[Setiawan Dalimartha|Dalimartha, Setiawan]] (2007) [2003]. ''Atlas Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia''. '''3''':30-34. [[Jakarta]]:Puspa Swara. ISBN 979-3235-73-X.</ref><ref name=BalaiPustaka>[[Setijati D. Sastrapradja|Sastrapradja, Setijati]]; Naiola, Beth Paul; Rasmadi, Endi Rochandi; Roemantyo; Soepardijono, Ernawati Kasim; Waluyo, Eko Baroto (1980). ''Tanaman Pekarangan''. '''16''':78. [[Jakarta]]:[[Balai Pustaka]].</ref>. Watange ngayu, cecawangan, déné pang kang isih nom dilapisi lilin warna ijo semu soklat<ref name=vlsm>{{cite web |date=14 November 2001 |title=Gardenia augusta Merr. |publisher=[[Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia|Departemen Kesehatan]] |url=http://bebas.vlsm.org/v12/artikel/ttg_tanaman_obat/depkes/buku1/1-133.pdf |accessdate=9 May 2013 |archive-date=7 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207074031/http://bebas.vlsm.org/v12/artikel/ttg_tanaman_obat/depkes/buku1/1-133.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Tuwuhan iki tansah ijo tanpa ngranggas, kembange warna putih ngganda arum. Kembangé bisa malih dadi woh. Bisa tuwuh kanthi apik ing tlatah kang panas, tansah kena [[srengéngé]], lan patusan banyu kang apik. Lemah kang cocok duwé [[pH]] watara 5-6,5.<ref name="Bussell05">{{cite web|url=http://www.southernliving.com/home-garden/gardens/gardenias-fragrance-captivates-00400000010309/|title=Gardenias: A Fragrance That Captivates|last=Bussell|first=Gene A.|date=June 2005|work=Southern Living|publisher=Time Inc. Lifestyle Group|accessdate=1 December 2012|location=Birmingham, AL|archive-date=21 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021001025/http://www.southernliving.com/home-garden/gardens/gardenias-fragrance-captivates-00400000010309/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dijenengi [[binominal]] déning [[botani|ahli tetuwuhan]] [[John Ellis]] ing taun 1761, sawisé digawa menyang Inggris ing taun 1750-an.<ref name="Foster92">{{cite book|last=Foster|first=Steven |author2=Yue, Chongxi |title=Herbal emissaries: bringing Chinese herbs to the West: a Guide to Gardening, Herbal Wisdom, and Well-Being|publisher=Healing Arts Press|year=1992|pages=185|isbn=0-89281-349-0}}</ref> Ceplok piring bisa ditandur kanthi cara [[stèk]] utawa [[cangkok]]. == Pigunan == Ceplok piring lumrah ditandur kanggo pethètan ing taman utawa latar, ing papan kang panas. Godhongé kena kanggo tamba [[gowèh]], seseg napas, [[lara panas]] lan [[bludreg]]. Déné oyodé kena kanggo tamba [[lara untu]]. Wohé ngandhut [[crocin]] (salah sijining jinis [[karotenoida]] kang wernané kuning<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Yamauchi | first1 = M | last2 = Tsuruma | first2 = K | last3 = Imai | first3 = S | last4 = Nakanishi | first4 = T | last5 = Umigai | first5 = N | last6 = Shimazawa | first6 = M | last7 = Hara | first7 = H | title = Crocetin prevents retinal degeneration induced by oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses via inhibition of caspase activity | journal = European Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 650 | issue = 1 | pages = 110–9 | year = 2011 | pmid = 20951131 | doi = 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.081}}</ref>, saèmper kang ana ing [[safron]]. Woh kang wis garing minangka [[sumba]]. Ing Jepang minangka mernani sandhangan lan uga panganan kang aran ''takuan'' (asinan [[lobak]]) lan ''wagashi''. [[Wong Polinésia]] ing [[kepuloan Pasifik]] ngroncé kembang ceplok piring kanggo kalung kang diarani ''Ei'' ing [[Pulo Cook]], ''Hei'' ing [[Polinesia Prancis]] lan ''Lei'' ing [[Hawaii]]. Saliyané iku, wohé uga ngandhut [[lenga asiri]], gardenin, gardenosid, geniposid, genipin-1-D-gentiobioside, gardoside (8,10 dehydrologanin), scandoside menthyl ester, glikosid, sitosterol, mannitol, nonacosane, krosetin, krosin, klorogenin, tannin, lan dekstrose. == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]] de1dzx7cgjz6t2hvm8e76r97c8mkx31 0 141166 1747551 1655591 2026-04-25T20:10:14Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox prepared food | name = Cèkèr pitik | image = Chicken feet.jpg | caption = Cèkèr pitik lan pérangan liyané kang didol sapinggiré dalan nganggo gerobak ing Haikou, Hainan, Cina. | alternate_name = feng zhao, ji jiao, ji zhao, cèkèr | country = [[Brasil]], [[Republik Afrika Tengah]], [[Cina]], [[India]], [[Indonesia]], [[Itali]], [[Jamaika]], [[Korea]], [[Laos]], [[Malaysia]], [[Meksiko]], [[Moldova]], [[Pakistan]], [[Peru]], [[Pilipina]], [[Rumeni]], [[Ruslan]], [[Singapura]], [[Afrika Kidul]], [[Thailand]], [[Trinidad lan Tobago]], [[Ukraina]], [[Vietnam]], [[Afrika Kulon]] | region = | creator = | course = | served = | main_ingredient = Cèkèr pitik | variations = | calories = 0,073 | other = }}'''Cèkèr pitik''' péranganing sikil [[pitik]] kang diolah ing [[Masakan Cinten|Cina]], [[Masakan Indonésia|Indonesia]], [[Koréa]], [[Masakan Thailand|Thailand]], [[Laos (nagara)|Laos]], [[Malaysia]], [[Trinidad lan Tobago]], [[Ukraina]], [[Masakan Ruslan|Ruslan]], [[Rumeni]], [[Moldova]], [[Olahan Itali|Italia]], [[Jamaika]], [[Afrika Kidul|Afrika Kidu]]<nowiki/>l, [[Peru]], [[Brasil]], [[Mèksiko]], [[Pilipina]], [[Olahan Kamboja|Kamboja]], lan [[Olahan Viètnam|Vietnam]]. Déné ing nagara liyané lumrahé ora digunakaké amarga dianggep pérangan kang reget lan ora disenengi. Nanging tumrap wong kang seneng, cèkèr dianggep pérangan pitik kang énak kanthi rasa kang ora ana tandhingé saka pérangan liya saka pitik.  Cèkèr pitik ora ana dagingé, mung ana kulit lan urat kang kasusun saka gelatin. == Olahan cèkèr ing sawènèh negara == === Indonésia === [[Gambar:Soto_Ceker_1.jpg|kiri|jmpl|[[Soto]] cèkèr]]Ing [[Masakan Indonésia|masakan Indonesia]], cèkèr pitik umum diolah, mligi ing Jawa. Cara kang paling umum kanggo masak cèkèr pitik ing Indonesia kanthi diosèng, dibacem (tinemu ing [[angkringan]] utawa [[hik]]), kanggo campuran [[soto]], lan uga digawé [[kripik]]. Soto ceker<ref name="resepsoto">{{cite web|url=http://www.resepsotoayam.com/|title=aneka resep soto|date=|publisher=resep soto ayam|language=Indonesian|author=|work=|accessdate=3 Nov 2016|archive-date=26 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026185624/http://www.resepsotoayam.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> diolah saka sikil pitik kanthi duduh kuning bening kanthi bumbu bumbon crakèn lan [[kunir]] kanggo awèh warna kuning.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.éraved.com/journal/restaurants/soto-ceker-kuta-local-legend/|title=Soto Ceker Kuta Is a Local Legend|date=January 21, 2015|work=éraved}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Soto ceker iku salah siji  panganan kang misuwur ing [[Jakarta]], [[Bali]], [[Kutha Surabaya|Surabaya]], [[Bandung]], lan ing kutha-kutha gedhé ing Indonesia. Ing warung soto, lumrahé kanggo variasi saka soto ayam. Warung kang kondhang kaya ta Soto Ceker Pak Ali ing Jalan Gandaria, [[Kutha Administrasi Jakarta Kidul|Jakarta Kidul]]. Ing warung mangan iki bisa nggunakaké nganti 40 kilogram cèkèr pitik saben dina. Sanadyan mung buka saka jam 4 soré nganti 11 wengi, warung iki kasil omsèt nganti 5 yuta saben dina.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/11/07/gandaria-street-food-satisfies-palates-all.html|title=Gandaria street food satisfies palates of all|date=7 November 2015|work=The Jakarta Post|location=Jakarta}}</ref>[[File:Racitura Meat Jelly Moldavian Cuisine.JPG|thumb|''Racitura''. Ing gambar iki, cèkèré pitik wis diilangi sawisé digodhog|kiri]] === Éropa Wètan === Ing [[Ruslan]], [[Ukraina]], [[Rumeni|Romeni]], lan [[Moldova]], cèkèr pitik diolah kanthi diresiki, dibumboni, lan digodhog. Cèkèr kadhangkala diolah kanthi dicampur karo janganan, banjur diadhemaké kanggo nggawé aspik. Ing Ruslan lan Ukraina aspik karan Kholodets, lan ing Rumeni karan piftie utawa răcitură. Cèkèr kadhangkala ora dipangan, nanging dinggo bumbu masak amarga ngandhut gelatin kang dhuwur. === Jamaika === [[Gambar:Chicken_feet_snack.jpg|jmpl| [[kripik]] ceker.]] Ing masakan [[Jamaika]], cèkèr pitik lumrahé dinggo gawé sop cèkèr pitik.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jamaicandinners.com/jamaican-food/recipes/jamaican-soups.html|title=Jamaican Soup Food Catalogue|website=jamaicandinners.com|accessdate=30 May 2017|archive-date=19 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161219121557/http://www.jamaicandinners.com/jamaican-food/recipes/jamaican-soups.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Isi sopé ya iku yam, [[kenthang]], [[gedhang]] mentah utawa mateng, dumpling lan bumbu pedes kang mirunggan ing cèkèr pitik, lan masakan iku diolah saorané suwéné 2 jam. Cèkèr pitik uga dimasak karé utawa digodhog, lan diladi minangka panganan utama.[[File:Dakbal-bokkeum.jpg|thumb|''Dakbal-bokkeum'' (cèkèr pitik goreng)|kiri]] === Koréa === Ing [[Koréa]], cèkèr pitik diarani dakbal ({{lang|ko|닭발}}), diolah kanthi dipanggang utawa utawa digoreng, banjur dibumboni saos lombok kang pedes. Kadhangkala, masakan iki diladi karo alkohol, lan diarani ''[[Anju (panganan)|anju]]''. === Malaysia === Cèkèr pitik ing negara iki uga diarani cèkèr, lan dadi panganan tradhisional kang kaloka dhéwé ing katurunan Jawa, Cina, lan Thailand kang urip ing [[Malaysia]]. Ing sawènèh restoran malayu kapernah ing praja [[Johor]], cèkèr pitik dimasak bebarengan karo kari khas Malayu lan dipangan nganggo roti cané. Ing praja Selangor, cèkèr pitik digawé sup kanthi digodhog karo janganan lan bumbu-bumbu nganti balungé empuk utawa digoreng ing lenga panas. Cèkèr pitik diolah kanthi cara tradhisional Cina karo wong Cina-Malaysia === Pilipina === Ing [[Pilipina]], cèkèr pitik diolah kanthi dicampur jeruk kalamansi, lombok, lan gula aren, banjur dipanggang. Ing panganan dalan Pilipina, cèkèr pitik uga diarani "adidas". Cèkèr pitik minangka bahan kanggo nggawé adobong Pilipina. == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Koréa]] [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Ruslan]] [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Tanah Thai]] 26nkco9xwwebbxz47eguwgqjyqnan9y 0 160973 1747543 1613060 2026-04-25T15:57:59Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film | name = Carol | image = Carol (film) POSTER.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Poster film ''Carol'' | director = Todd Haynes | producers = Elizabeth Karlsen<br>Stephen Woolley<br>Christine Vachon | screenplay = [[Phyllis Nagy]] | based on = {{based on|''[[The Price of Salt]]''|[[Patricia Highsmith]]}} | starring = [[Cate Blanchett]]<br>[[Rooney Mara]]<br>[[Kyle Chandler]]<br>[[Sarah Paulson]] | music = [[Carter Burwell]] | cinematography = [[Edward Lachman]] | editing = Affonso Gonçalves | studio = Number 9 Films<br>Film4 Productions<br>Killer Films | distributor = [[The Weinstein Company]]<br>StudioCanal | released = {{film date|2015|5|17|[[Festival Film Cannes]]|2015|11|20|terbatas di Amerika Serikat|2015|11|27|Britania Raya|2016|1|15|secara luas di Amerika Serikat}} | runtime = 118 menit<!--Theatrical runtime: 118:30--> | country = Amerika Serikat<br>Britania Raya | language = Bahasa Inggris | budget = $11,8 juta<ref name="budget">{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/killer-films-founders-christine-vachon-826004|title=Killer Films’ Co-Founders Christine Vachon and Pamela Koffler on Lesbian Romance ‘Carol’ and Indie Resilience|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=September 25, 2015|accessdate=September 27, 2015}}</ref> | gross = $40,272,135<ref name="BOM">{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=carol.htm |title=Carol (2015) |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=January 18, 2016}}</ref> }} '''''Carol''''' yaiku film drama romantis Inggris-Amerika Serikat sing disutradarani dening Todd Haynes lan digawé dening Elizabeth Karlsen, Stephen Woolley lan Christine Vachon. Naskah film iki ditulis dening Phyllis Nagy adhedhasar novel ''The Price of Salt karya'' Patricia Highsmith babagan fotografer enom lan hubungane karo wanita sing lagi ngalami proses cerai. Juru paragane yaiku Cate Blanchett, Rooney Mara, Kyle Chandler lan Sarah Paulson .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/turning-pages-the-real-story-behind-patricia-highsmith-and-carol-20160108-gm1xwl.html|title=Turning Pages: The real story behind Patricia Highsmith and Carol|publisher=Jane Sullivan|access-date=January 14, 2016}}</ref> Film ''Carol diwit tayang'' ing [[Festival de Cannes|Festival Film Cannes]] tanggal 17 Mei 2015 <ref name="Cannes">{{Cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/article/61306.html|title=The 2015 Official Selection|date=April 15, 2015|publisher=[[Festival de Cannes]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418084150/http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/article/61306.html|archive-date=April 18, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=April 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/61347.html|title=Screenings Guide|date=May 6, 2015|publisher=[[Festival de Cannes]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626163520/http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/article/61347.html|archive-date=June 26, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=May 8, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/assets/File/WEB%202015/PDF/Horaire-Projections/Horaire-Projections-2015(1).pdf|title=Screenings Guide|date=May 6, 2015|publisher=[[Festival de Cannes]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090918/http://www.festival-cannes.fr/assets/File/WEB%202015/PDF/Horaire-Projections/Horaire-Projections-2015(1).pdf|archive-date=May 18, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=May 8, 2015}}</ref> lan dirilis ing Amerika Serikat tanggal 20 November 2015 kanthi winates <ref name="release">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/07/30/todd-haynes-carol-release-date|title=Todd Haynes' Carol changes its release date|last=McGovern|first=Joe|date=July 30, 2015|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=August 16, 2015|archive-date=August 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150802000557/http://www.ew.com/article/2015/07/30/todd-haynes-carol-release-date|url-status=dead}}</ref> lan tanggal 15 Januari 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://pro.boxoffice.com/latest-news/2016-01-10-north-america-platform-watch-anomalisa-takes-221k-in-expansion-45-years-claims-91k-in-nyla-carol-registers-147m-in-limited|title=NORTH AMERICA: Platform Watch: 'Anomalisa' Takes $221K In Expansion; '45 Years' Claims $91K In NY/LA; 'Carol' Registers $1.47M In Limited|last=Garris|first=Daniel|date=January 10, 2016|website=[[BoxOffice (magazine)|BoxOffice]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402001037/http://pro.boxoffice.com/latest-news/2016-01-10-north-america-platform-watch-anomalisa-takes-221k-in-expansion-45-years-claims-91k-in-nyla-carol-registers-147m-in-limited|archive-date=April 2, 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=March 27, 2016}}</ref> Film iki dirilis ing Britania Raya tanggal 27 November 2015. Film iki ditampa kanthi ulasan apik saka juru kritik. == Paraga == * Cate Blanchett minangka Carol Aird * Rooney Mara minangka Therese Belivet * Kyle Chandler minangka Harge Aird * Sarah Paulson minangka Abby Gerhard * Jake Lacy minangka Richard Semco * Cory Michael Smith minangka Tommy Tucker * John Magaro minangka Dannie McElroy * Carrie Brownstein minangka Genevieve Cantrell * Kevin Crowley minangka Fred Haymes * Nik Pajic minangka Phil McElroy == Tanggepane juru kritik == Film ''Carol iki'' ditampa kanthi ulasan apik saka para juru kritik. Adhedhasar ''Tomat Rotten'', film nduweni rating 95%, miturut 283 review, kanthi rating rata-rata 8.6 / 10.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/carol|title=Carol (2015)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=October 5, 2016}}</ref> Adhedhasar ''Metacritic'', pikantuk nilai 95 saka 100, adhedhasar 44 kritik, nuduhake "pangenalan universal".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/carol|title=Carol reviews|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=October 5, 2016}}</ref> == Box office == Film ''Carol iki'' pikantuk $ 12.711.491 ing Amerika Utara lan $ 27.560.664 ing negara liya. Total pendapatan film iki nganti $ 40,272,135, ngluwihi anggaran produksi film yaiku $ 11.8 yuta.<ref name="BOM" /> Ing bukaan akhir minggu sing winates, film iki entuk $ 253,510, manggoni posisi kaping 23 ing box office. Nanging, ing bukaane akhir minggu secara luas, film iki entuk $ 1,458,049, ndadike ing 15 ing box office.<ref name="BOM" /> == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * {{IMDb title|2402927|Carol}} * {{Mojo title|carol|Carol}} * {{Metacritic film|carol|Carol}} * {{Rotten Tomatoes|carol|Carol}} [[Kategori:Film Britania Raya]] [[Kategori:Film Amérikah Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Film romantis]] [[Kategori:Filem drama]] [[Kategori:Filem abasa Inggris]] [[Kategori:Kaca mawa pertalan kang durung kapriksa]] qrjv41yt9yzom0nyk96hd3uf523ngkt 0 161927 1747554 1743963 2026-04-25T20:54:25Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 2 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox |image = Leucanthemum vulgare 'Filigran' Flower 2200px.jpg |genus = Leucanthemum |species = vulgare |authority = [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lam.]]<ref name="TPL" /> |synonyms_ref = <ref name=TPL>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Leucanthemum+vulgare |title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species |access-date=22 Januari 2019 |archive-date=2019-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103154511/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Leucanthemum+vulgare |url-status=dead }}</ref> |synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true |title=<small>List of synonyms</small> | ''Bellis major'' <small>Garsault</small> nom. inval. | ''Chamaemelum leucanthemum'' <small>(L.) E.H.L.Krause</small> | ''Chrysanthemum dentatum'' <small>Gilib.</small> nom. inval. | ''Chrysanthemum ircutianum'' <small>Turcz.</small> | ''Chrysanthemum lanceolatum'' <small>Pers.</small> | ''Chrysanthemum lanceolatum'' <small>Vest</small> | ''Chrysanthemum leucanthemum'' <small>L.</small> | ''Chrysanthemum montanum'' <small>Willd.</small> nom. illeg. | ''Chrysanthemum praecox'' <small>(M.Bieb.) DC.</small> | ''Chrysanthemum pratense'' <small>Salisb.</small> | ''Chrysanthemum sylvestre'' <small>Willd.</small> | ''Chrysanthemum vulgare'' <small>(Lam.) Gaterau</small> | ''Leucanthemum ageratifolium'' <small>Pau</small> | ''Leucanthemum eliasii'' <small>(Sennen & Pau) Sennen & Pau</small> | ''Leucanthemum lanceolatum'' <small>DC.</small> | ''Leucanthemum leucanthemum'' <small>(L.) Rydb.</small> nom. illeg. | ''Leucanthemum praecox'' <small>(Horvatić) Villard</small> | ''Matricaria leucanthemum'' <small>(L.) Desr.</small> | ''Matricaria leucanthemum'' <small>(L.) Scop.</small> | ''Pontia heterophylla'' <small>(Willd.) Bubani</small> | ''Pontia vulgaris'' <small>Bubani</small> | ''Pyrethrum leucanthemum'' <small>(L.) Franch.</small> | ''Tanacetum leucanthemum'' <small>(L.) Sch.Bip.</small> }} }} [[Gambar:Leucanthemum vulgare hp01.jpg|jmpl|Daisy]] '''Daisy mata sapi''' , kang asring diarani kanthi jeneng '''oxeye daisy''' <ref name="RBGS"/> yaiku [[Tetanduran ngembang|tetanduran ngembang sing]] nyebar ing [[Éropa|dataran Eropah]] lan [[Asia]], lan tetuwuhan sing ditepangi ing [[Amérikah Lor|Amérika Lor]], [[Ostrali|Australia]] lan [[Niu Sélan|Selandia Anyar]] . == Gambaran == ''Leucanthemum vulgare'' minangka [[Terna|herba]] perennial sing tuwuh nganti dhuwur {{Convert|60|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} utawa liyané lan nduweni [[Rhizome|rhizome lemah sing nyebar]] . Bagian ngisor galih iku wulu, kadang rada wulu, nanging luwih utawa kurang [[wiktionary:glabrous|glabrous]] ing bagian ndhuwur. Daun sing paling gedhé ana ing dasar tanduran lan {{Convert|4-15|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} suwene, bab {{Convert|5|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} sudhut lan duwe [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] . Iki godhong duwe nganti 15 sikil, utawa lobus utawa loro-lorone ing pinggir. Godhongé amba ing ukuran gagang, godhong paling dhuwur nganti {{Convert|7.5|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} suwene, ora nduweni tenggorokan lan akéh banget.<ref name="RBGS"/><ref name="Qld"/><ref name="Muelleria">{{Cite journal|last=Thompson|first=Ian R.|date=2007|title=A taxonomic treatment of tribe Anthemideae (Asteraceae) in Australia|url=https://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/documents/Muelleria_25%2C_p21-58%2C_Thompson%2C_taxonomic_Anthemidaea.pdf|journal=Muelleria|volume=25|pages=39–40|access-date=22 Januari 2019|archive-date=2020-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406120415/https://www.rbg.vic.gov.au/documents/Muelleria_25%2C_p21-58%2C_Thompson%2C_taxonomic_Anthemidaea.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="OEH"/><ref name="RBGV">{{Cite web|url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/f53fe9e2-63f8-440d-9e3b-58dd52e3a8f4|title=''Leucanthemum vulgare''|last=Walsh|first=Neville|publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria|access-date=23 Januari 2019}}</ref> Tanduran iki ngandhut nganti telung "kembang" kaya ta saka [[Asteraceae|daisy]] khas. Saben "endhas" utawa capitulum {{Convert|2-6|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} sudhut. Saben sirah ana antarané lima belas lan patang puluh putih "petal" (kembang [[Asteraceae|rempah]] ) {{Convert|10-20|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} dawa ngubengi [[Asteraceae|cakram kuning]] . Ing ngisor iki endhas minangka gegandhuhan cawang ijo {{Convert|7-10|mm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} dawa karo pinggir warna coklat. Tumbila biasané dumadi saka almarhum musim semi nganti awal musim panas. Wiji-kaya achenes sing {{Convert|1-3|mm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} dawa lan duwe sepuluh "iga" bebarengan ing pinggiré nanging ora ana pappus .<ref name="RBGS">{{Cite web|url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Leucanthemum~vulgare|title=''Leucanthemum vulgare''|last=Brown|first=Elizabeth A.|publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney|access-date=23 Januari 2019}}</ref><ref name="Qld"/><ref name="Muelleria"/> Daisy mata sapi kaya déné karo shasta daisy kang luwih gedhe kembang-kepala ( {{Convert|5-12|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} sudhut) lan mbingungaké chamomile ( ''Anthemis cotula'' sing duweni sesirah cilik ( {{Convert|1.5-3|cm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} sudhut).<ref name="Qld"/> == Taksonomi lan jeneng == [[Gambar:Several daisies (Asteroideae).jpg|jmpl|Daisy ing kebon]] ''Leucanthemum vulgare'' pisanan ''ditrapaké kanthi'' resmi taun 1778 dening [[Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck|Jean-Baptiste Lamarck sing]] nerbitaké deskripsi ing ''Flore françoise'' .<ref name=TPL>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Leucanthemum+vulgare |title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species |access-date=22 Januari 2019 |archive-date=2019-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103154511/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/search?q=Leucanthemum+vulgare |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="APNI">{{Cite web|url=https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/507504|title=''Leucanthemum vulgare''|publisher=APNI|access-date=22 Januari 2019}}{{Pranala mati|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="Lam.">{{Cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/38207#page/144/mode/1up|title=Flore françoise (Volume 2)|last=Lamarck|first=Jean-Baptiste|date=1778|location=Paris|page=137|access-date=22 Januari 2019}}</ref> Jeneng ''Leucanthemum'' asalé saka tembung Yunani Kuno {{Lang|grc|[[:wikt:λευκός|λευκός]]}} ( ''{{Lang|grc|leukós}}'' ) tegesipun "putih":<ref name="RWB">{{Cite book|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|last=Brown|first=Roland Wilbur|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> {{Rp|856}} lan {{Lang|grc|[[:wikt:ἄνθος|ἄνθος]]}} ( ''{{Lang|grc|ánthos}}'' ) sing tegesé "kembang".<ref name="RWB" /> {{Rp|338}} Uga dikenal kanthi jeneng umum daisy sapi mata, daisy kirik, daisy lapangan, Marguerite, bulan daisy, bulan-bulan, penny mlarat, dais mlarat lan daisy putih.<ref name="RBGS"/> == Distribusi lan habitat == Daisy mata sapi asli saka [[Éropa|Eropah]], lan [[Turki]] lan [[Géorgia|Georgia]] ing [[Asia Kidul-kulon|Asia Kulon]] . Iku khas suket ''perennial wildflowe''r, akéh ing maneka werna komunitas tanduran kalebu [[Ara-ara|Meadows]] lan kothak, ing kobongan alas lan mbukak-canopy, lan ing wilayah Kagodha. Spesies iki diturunaké ing pirang-pirang negara lan dianggep minangka spesies invasif ing luwih saka patang puluh negara. Iku tuwuh ing wilayah temperate ngendi banyu udan tahunan rata-rata exceeds {{Convert|750|mm|in|abbr=on|sigfig=1}} , lan asring nalika lemahé abot lan lembab. Kerep dadi reregetan padang rumput lan pinggir dalan.<ref name="Qld"/><ref name="OEH"/><ref name="cirrusweed">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cirrusimage.com/flower_ox-eye_daisy.htm|title=Ox-Eye Daisy – ''Chrysanthemum leucanthemum''|website=cirrusimage.com}}</ref><ref name="Vic">{{Cite web|url=http://vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/weeds_herbs_perennial_ox_eye_daisy|title=Ox-eye daisy (''Leucanthemum vulgare'')|publisher=State of Victoria (Agriculture Victoria)|access-date=22 Januari 2019|archive-date=2019-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419124116/http://vro.agriculture.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/weeds_herbs_perennial_ox_eye_daisy|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="NWCB">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/oxeye-daisy|title=Oxeye daisy ''Leucanthemum vulgare''|publisher=Washington State Weed Contol Board|access-date=22 Januari 2019}}</ref> == Ékologi == Daisy mripat lembu nyebar kanthi wiji lan kanthi cethek, tanduran diwasa bisa ngasilaké nganti 26.000 wiji sing disebaraké dening kéwan, kendaraan, banyu lan pametu tetanèn sing kena kontaminasi, lan sawatara wiji tetep bisa urip nganti nganti patang puluh taun. Ora apik kanggo sapi lan ngurangi jumlah padang sing apik kanggo lelara. Ing lanskap pribumi kaya ta Taman Nasional Kosciuszko ing Australia, infestasi kandhel bisa ngilangi tanduran asli, nyebabaké erosi tanah lan mundhut bahan [[Organisasi|organik]] lemah.<ref name="Qld"/><ref name="OEH">{{Cite web|url=https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/topics/animals-and-plants/pest-animals-and-weeds/weeds/widespread-weeds/ox-eye-daisy|title=Ox-eye daisy|publisher=New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage|access-date=22 Januari 2019}}</ref><ref name="Vic"/><ref name="NWCB"/> Tanduran iki minangka peringkat paling dhuwur kanggo produksi serbuk sari saben unit kembang sing dicithak ing tingkat kabèh capitulum, kanthi nilai 15.9 ± 2μl, ing [[Karajan Manunggal|UK]] studi kembang meadow.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hicks|first=DM|last2=Ouvrard|first2=P|last3=Baldock|first3=KCR|date=2016|title=Food for Pollinators: Quantifying the Nectar and Pollen Resources of Urban Flower Meadows|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=11|issue=6|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0158117|pmc=4920406}}</ref> === Status minangka spesies invasif === ''Leucanthemum vulgare'' minangka salah sawijining gulma sing paling nyebar ing Anthemideae . Iku dadi spesies sing dienal liwat kebon menyang [[Lingkungan alam|area alam]] ing bagean [[Kanadhah|Kanada]],<ref name="ROM">{{Cite book|title=ROM Field Guide to Wildflowers of Ontario|last=T. Dickinson|last2=D. Metsger|last3=J. Bull|last4=R. Dickinson|publisher=Royal Ontario Museum|year=2004|location=Toronto|page=175}}</ref> [[Amérikah Sarékat|Amerika Serikat]],<ref name="invasive">[http://www.invasive.org/browse/subinfo.cfm?sub=5937 oxeye daisy, ''Leucanthemum vulgare'' (Asterales: Asteraceae)]. Invasive.org (2010-05-04). Retrieved on 2015-07-08.</ref> [[Ostrali|Australia]],<ref name="Qld"/> lan [[Niu Sélan|Selandia Baru]] <ref name="NZ">{{Cite web|url=http://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/learning/colleges/college-of-sciences/clinics-and-services/weeds-database/oxeye-daisy.cfm|title=Oxeye daisy|publisher=Massey University; University of New Zealand|access-date=23 Januari 2019}}</ref> . Ing sawatara [[habitat]] kasebut ana koloni padhet sing nyuda tanduran asli lan ngowahi komunitas sing ana.<ref name="cirrusweed"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LEVU|title=Plants Profile for ''Leucanthemum vulgare'' (oxeye daisy)|website=usda.gov}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?609,1555,1557|title=UC/JEPS: Jepson Manual treatment for LEUCANTHEMUM vulgare|website=berkeley.edu}}</ref> [[Gambar:Leucanthemum vulgare - Stadtgarten Karlsruhe 01.jpg|jmpl|Daisy kang akèh]] Spesies iki wis diumumaké minangka rawa lingkungan ing [[New South Wales]] lan [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]] . Ing New South Wales, iku tuwuh saka Glen Innes ing Tablelands Lor menyang Bombala ing sisih kidul-wétan negara, lan ana populasi sing signifikan ing Taman Nasional Kosciuszko, sing wis nyerang padang rumput subalpine, snowgum ( ''Eucalyptus pauciflora'' ) alas lan alas rawa. Ing Victoria iku spesies sing dilarang lan kudu dibusak utawa dikontrol.<ref name="Qld">{{Cite web|url=https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/leucanthemum_vulgare.htm|title=''Leucanthemum vulgare''|publisher=Queensland Government ''Weeds of Australia''|access-date=22 Januari 2019}}</ref><ref name="DPI">{{Cite web|url=https://weeds.dpi.nsw.gov.au/Weeds/Details/356|title=Ox-eye daisy (''Leucanthemum vulgare'')|publisher=New South Wales Government Department of Primary Indstries|access-date=23 Januari 2019}}</ref> == Migunakaké == Kuncup kembang sing ora dibukak bisa diasinaké lan digunakaké kanthi cara sing padha kanggo capers .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wildfoods.ca/products-vegetables-ox-eyedaisycapers.html|title=Forbes Wild Food|website=wildfoods.ca|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070313114129/http://www.wildfoods.ca/products-vegetables-ox-eyedaisycapers.html|archive-date=2007-03-13|url-status=dead}}</ref> Grieve 's ''Modern [[Hèrbalisme|Herbal]]'' (1931) nyariosakén bilih "Rasa cemeng pepe punika pait lan ambune amargi kadamel saking valerian ." <ref name="Grieve">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FgW4KJUSXkIC&pg=PA248|title=A Modern Herbal: The Medicinal, Culinary, Cosmetic and Economic Properties, Cultivation and Folk-lore of Herbs, Grasses, Fungi, Shrubs, & Trees with All Their Modern Scientific Uses, Volume 1|last=[[Maud Grieve|Grieve, Maud]]|year=1971|page=248}}</ref> ''Leucanthemum vulgare dipanén lan ditemokaké'' minangka [[Tetanduran hias|tanduran hias]] perennial kanggo kebon lan dirancang kanggo mujur nengen meadow. Iku thrives ing maneka werna kahanan lan bisa tuwuh ing srengenge kanggo iyub-iyub sebagean, lan milih [[lemah]] lembab. Ana kultivar, kaya ta 'May Queen' kang wiwit ngembang ing awal musim semi. == Alérgi == Alérgi kanggo daisies bisa kedadeyan, padatané nyebabaké kontak dermatitis .<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lynette A. Gordon|year=1999|title=''Compositae dermatitis''|journal=Australasian Journal of Dermatology|volume=40|issue=3|pages=123–130|doi=10.1046/j.1440-0960.1999.00341.x|pmid=10439521}}</ref> <gallery> Gambar:Leucanthemum vulgare infestation.jpg| Infestasi ing pastur [[Guyra, New South Wales|pribadhi]] cedhak [[Guyra, New South Wales|Guyra]] ing Australia Gambar:Leucanthemum vulgare 08.jpg| ''L. vulgare'' tanduran sawise ngembang, nuduhaké godhong-godhongan enom. Gambar:Leucanthemum vulgare ENBLA03.JPG| Capitulum of ''L. &nbsp; vulgare'' saka ngisor, nuduhaké [[Involucral bract|bracts sing gegandhèngan]] . </gallery> == Deleng uga == * ''Bellis perennis'' - daisy biasa * ''Buphthalmum salicifolium'' - Daisy mata sapi kuning * ''Argyranthemum frutescens'' - marguerite daisy == Referensi == {{Reflist|30em}} == Wacan liyané == * {{Cite book|title=[[Wild Flowers Worth Knowing]]|last=[[Neltje Blanchan]]|publisher=[[Project Gutenberg|Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation]]|year=2005}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LEVU USDA Tanaman Profil: ''Leucanthemum vulgare'' (oxeye daisy)]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Leucanthemum+vulgare ''Leucanthemum vulgare'' (daisy mata) - UC Cal.] [http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=photos_index&where-taxon=Leucanthemum+vulgare Galeri foto] * [http://www.cirrusimage.com/flower_ox-eye_daisy.htm Cirrus: ''Leucanthemum vulgare'' foto lan informasi] [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan ngembang]] [[Kategori:Kembang]] [[Kategori:Tetuwuhan]] [[Kategori:Wit]] [[Kategori:Kaca mawa pertalan kang durung kapriksa]] s9tho6v39degro0saa7njwxjlur97ca 0 164083 1747581 1742667 2026-04-26T07:47:29Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747581 wikitext text/x-wiki '''FC Pars Jam''' - uga dikenal minangka ''Pars Jam'', ya iku siji klub ulah raga ing [[Jam]], [[Bushehr]], [[Iran]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranleague.ir/league/ClubProfile/406|title=Iran League|last=|first=|date=|website=iranleague.ir|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808231158/https://iranleague.ir/league/ClubProfile/406|archive-date=2020-08-08|url-status=dead|access-date=2020-01-08}}</ref> == Pranala njaba == * [http://fcparsjam.ir/ Situs web resmi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109191648/http://fcparsjam.ir/ |date=2018-11-09 }} [[Kategori:Tim bal-balan]] cdv7ei55qkvij7s84c9w117g6y3styf 4 165026 1747557 1747391 2026-04-26T00:57:57Z MediaWiki message delivery 19967 /* Request for comment (global AI policy) */ pérangan anyar 1747557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Pambuka}} <div style="display: none;"> {{Naraguna:LabdajiwaBot/konfig arsip |archive = Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip %(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 0 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 }} </div> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Versi Beta dari [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]], proyek baru Wikimedia yang tidak terikat dengan bahasa, telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. Proyek ini memungkinkan berbagai komunitas untuk menyusun artikel Wikipedia dalam bahasa asli mereka, yang kemudian dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh pengguna lain dalam bahasa masing-masing. Wiki ini dijalankan melalui serangkaian instruksi dari Wikifunctions, dan didukung oleh konten terstruktur yang berasal dari Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang menjalankan uji A/B untuk mengevaluasi pesan yang lebih jelas dan ramah pengguna dalam mendorong pembuatan akun di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, ketika pengguna seluler yang belum masuk log mulai melakukan penyuntingan, mereka akan dihadapkan pada pesan peringatan yang terasa mendadak dan dapat mengurangi minat untuk melanjutkan kontribusi. Selain itu, kondisi ini juga menjadikan penyuntingan dengan akun sementara sebagai pilihan bawaan, alih-alih mendorong pengguna untuk membuat akun. Uji coba ini berlangsung di sepuluh Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Spanyol, dan Jerman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Apps'') mengundang Anda untuk memberi masukan mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|cara proses penyuntingan seharusnya bekerja di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia]]. Diskusi ini berfokus pada upaya meningkatkan cara pengguna mengakses berbagai alat penyuntingan saat mereka mengetuk tombol "Sunting". Inisiatif ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk mengarahkan para pembaca yang mulai tertarik menyunting agar dapat menemukan jalur yang lebih ramah pengguna ketika mereka mulai berkontribusi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:45}} {{PLURAL:45|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah ketika pengambilan sitasi dari arsip surat kabar besar [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] tidak lagi berfungsi, akibat adanya pemblokiran pada permintaan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]], kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Maret 2026 19.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == ''The Signpost'': 31 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/In the media|AI ban, newspapers disrupt archiving; and antisemitism complaints]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Community view|Videos from WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Disinformation report|Cleaning up after Jeffrey Epstein, Peter Nygard, and Mohamed Al-Fayed]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/WikiConference report|WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC review]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Obituary|Dr. Subas Chandra Rout]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Traffic report|Call in the dogs of war, soldier of fortune]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Gallery|Canadian Rangers participate in Operation ''Enduring Encyclopedia'']] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Comix|n00bsitting]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 31 Maret 2026 10.08 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30329870 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == This Month in Education: March 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 1 April 2026 10.21 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30317659 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 3 April 2026 17.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29905755 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dilengkapi dengan fitur baru untuk penetapan tujuan kelompok, yang memungkinkan para penyelenggara menetapkan dan memantau target acara, seperti jumlah artikel yang dibuat dan jumlah kontributor yang berpartisipasi, secara langsung. Di sisi lain, para peserta juga dapat bergerak menuju target bersama dan melihat dampak kolektif yang dihasilkan seiring berlangsungnya acara. Fitur ini kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Pelajari lebih lanjut dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|dokumentasinya]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|label daftar pantauan]] yang baru (yang diumumkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Berita Teknis 2026-07]]) kini telah tersedia melalui VisualEditor, penyunting sumber, dan "''watchstar''" (pranala pantau). Sebelumnya, pemberian label hanya dapat dilakukan melalui [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. Kini, di ketiga tempat tersebut, tersedia kolom baru yang terletak setelah kolom masa kedaluwarsa. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada halaman pembicaraan di perangkat seluler yang menggunakan Parsoid, yang membuat halaman menjadi tidak dapat digunakan setelah munculnya tajuk bagian yang kosong, kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Fitur subreferensi]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan keterangan pada referensi yang sudah ada tanpa perlu membuatnya dua kali, akan diluncurkan secara bertahap ke [[phab:T414094|lebih banyak wiki]] pada akhir tahun ini. Wiki yang menggunakan gawai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] dianjurkan untuk memperbarui versinya (umumnya berada di [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] seperti ditunjukkan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 di sini]) guna menjaga kompatibilitas. Gawai lain yang berkaitan dengan referensi juga berpotensi terdampak. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * Seluruh edisi Wikinews dijadwalkan untuk ditutup dan dialihkan ke mode hanya-baca pada 4 Mei 2026. Meskipun seluruh konten tetap dapat diakses, tidak akan ada lagi penyuntingan atau penambahan artikel baru. Keputusan penutupan ini telah disetujui oleh Dewan Pengawas Wikimedia Foundation setelah melalui rangkaian diskusi yang panjang. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|API tindakan]] (''action API'') selama ini menyediakan berbagai format keluaran sesuai permintaan. Salah satunya, yaitu <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, akan segera dihentikan. Oleh karena itu, pastikan skrip atau bot yang Anda gunakan telah beralih ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|format JSON]]. Perubahan ini diperkirakan hanya akan berdampak pada sebagian kecil skrip dan bot. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * Halaman [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] kini juga memuat nama lain (alias) ruang nama. Sebagai contoh, "WP" digunakan sebagai alias untuk ruang nama "Project" ("Wikipedia") di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 April 2026 16.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue III, March 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in Equinox * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Celebrating 20 Years of Papiamentu/o Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Bolivia report|Bolivia report]]: The Family Treasures Project Returns, with New GLAM Partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil defines six categories to represent Brazilian culture on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Architecture in the public domain in libraries in Nariño/Arquitectura en dominio público en bibliotecas nariñenses * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Main Wikimedian in Residence report for 2025 is here * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Art History Loves Wiki 2026 – digital/local. collection loves wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration resumes with the British Library for Bangla Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 2026 winners projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence update, a letter published in Nature & Architecture + Women NZ * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's GLAM Highlights: Botany and Beyond * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: March in Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Looking for similar images * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM Wiki Group, Donna, CoCreation PTT-Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: CILIP MDG 2026 Conference, Library meetups and the World's Enamels * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring 2026 news from Ukraine – Wiki Loves Folklore & more #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: MoMA's International Traveling Exhibitions and Wikidata on the LD4 Arts Affinity Group April Community Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Oulu Löyly * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Indigenous languages on the Main Page * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 9 April 2026 18.19 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30344683 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting berpengalaman diundang untuk [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page menguji] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]], yang dirancang untuk membantu penyunting dengan pengalaman lebih terbatas dalam membuat artikel Wikipedia yang terstruktur dengan baik dan sesuai dengan kebijakan yang berlaku. Petunjuk pengujian telah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|tersedia]] dan dapat diikuti sebagai panduan. Setelah meninjau [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance kerangka artikel] yang disediakan, mohon memberikan umpan balik melalui [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. Masukan tersebut akan digunakan untuk menyempurnakan fitur ini sebelum kemudian diterapkan pada Wikipedia percontohan untuk diterjemahkan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan setiap komunitas. Sebuah [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|video]] penjelasan mengenai fitur ini juga tersedia untuk disimak. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di sejumlah besar wiki, kini semua pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed users'') dapat menggunakan halaman [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|membuat halaman baru dengan model konten khusus]], seperti daftar pesan massal, sehingga format halaman tersuai menjadi lebih mudah diakses. Untuk mengetahui statusnya di wiki masing-masing, silakan periksa halaman [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') telah meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|eksperimen pembuatan akun]] untuk mengevaluasi apakah penambahan tombol pembuatan akun pada bagian kepala halaman versi web seluler dapat meningkatkan jumlah pendaftaran akun baru sekaligus mendorong lebih banyak pengguna seluler untuk berkontribusi di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, eksperimen tersebut sedang berlangsung di Wikipedia bahasa Hindi, Indonesia, Bengali, Thai, dan Ibrani, serta menyasar 10% pengguna web seluler yang belum masuk log. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kendala yang menyebabkan VisualEditor berhenti pada proses pemuatan di perangkat Windows ketika animasi dinonaktifkan, kini telah berhasil diatasi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir pekan ini, {{int:group-abusefilter}} yang telah mengaktifkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting di halaman [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]], menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk menciptakan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih konsisten di berbagai jenis penyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Perkakas dan bot yang mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|API Notifications]] melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi> perlu memperbarui izin OAuth atau BotPassword mereka agar juga mencakup akses ke notifikasi privat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Karena adanya pembaruan pustaka, urutan daftar pada halaman kategori mungkin akan menjadi tidak berurutan mulai Senin, 20 April. Sebuah skrip migrasi akan dijalankan untuk memperbaikinya, dan proses ini dapat berlangsung dari beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari, tergantung pada ukuran wiki (bahkan hingga sekitar satu minggu untuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 April 2026 15.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah dua tahun pengembangan, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], akan diluncurkan dari tahap beta pada Selasa, 21 April. Fitur ini membawa peningkatan keterbacaan kode dan teks wiki, pengurangan kesalahan pengetikan, beserta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|manfaat]] lainnya bagi semua pengguna penyorot sintaks standar. Ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada sukarelawan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] yang telah mengembangkan banyak fitur baru, termasuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|pelipatan kode]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|pemeriksaan sintaks]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebuah pembaruan besar untuk aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS kini sedang diluncurkan, dengan antarmuka yang didesain ulang agar selaras dengan desain visual terbaru Apple, "Liquid Glass". Silakan [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 unduh versi terbaru] dan telusuri pembaruannya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Daftar bacaan]] merupakan fitur yang memungkinkan para pembaca menyimpan artikel ke dalam daftar untuk dibaca nanti. Fitur ini sedang dalam tahap beta di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Mandarin, serta secara bawaan untuk semua akun baru di semua Wikipedia. * Percobaan yang mengeksplorasi perluasan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Pratinjau Halaman ke versi seluler]] akan diluncurkan pada pekan tanggal 20 April di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, Italia, Polandia, dan Vietnam. Pratinjau Halaman merupakan jendela sembulan yang menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala untuk membuka artikel lengkap dari pranala berwarna biru, sehingga memudahkan pengguna dalam menemukan konten. Fitur ini sudah tersedia di versi desktop dan aplikasi. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Lihat selengkapnya mengenai uji coba ini dan uji coba lainnya]]. * Di beberapa wiki, para penyunting yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surel mereka]] sekarang dapat melihat spanduk yang meminta mereka untuk lakukan hal tersebut. Dengan memiliki alamat surel yang terkonfirmasi, pengguna dapat memulihkan akses ke akunnya jika akun tersebut tidak dapat diakses. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:15}} {{PLURAL:15|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pemuatan lambat, tampilan pratinjau yang lambat, dan guliran yang lambat saat menyunting halaman wiki berukuran sangat besar di editor teks wiki 2017, serta masalah kinerja saat memilih, memotong, atau menempelkan konten, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari upaya mempromosikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] dari status fitur beta, seluruh pengguna kini akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] alih-alih [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman konten berformat JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Layanan <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> yang selama ini digunakan oleh pengguna Debian dan Ubuntu akan dihentikan dan tidak lagi berfungsi mulai 15 Mei. Sumber daya yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk layanan ini akan dialihkan ke opsi baru yang dinilai lebih baik. Sejumlah pengguna mungkin perlu beralih ke peladen lain yang diperkirakan hanya memerlukan waktu sekitar satu menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia untuk dibaca]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * Tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> akan dihapus dari [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. Jika perkakas atau kueri yang digunakan masih mengakses tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> atau <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> secara langsung, disarankan untuk segera memperbaruinya agar menggunakan tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> sebelum 28 Mei. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Setelah penerapan terbaru mengenai pembatasan laju global API (''global API rate limits'') pada lalu lintas yang tidak teridentifikasi, Wikimedia Foundation akan melanjutkan upaya untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]] dengan mulai menerapkan pembatasan global juga pada lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi, dimulai pada pekan terakhir April. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin guna meminimalkan dampak terhadap komunitas. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan pada dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] serta bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] kini telah tersedia dalam versi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. API ini berfungsi untuk mengambil informasi yang diperlukan dalam memberikan atribusi (kredit) terhadap artikel dan berkas media Wikimedia di mana pun konten tersebut digunakan. Dokumentasi referensi tersedia melalui halaman spesial REST Sandbox yang dapat diakses di seluruh wiki Wikimedia (misalnya [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]). Umpan balik dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 April 2026 14.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 April 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/News and notes|Six Serbian Wikipedia editors banned following controversy about political bias]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/In the media|Could Wikipedia be involved in Massachusetts' proposed social media ban for minors?]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Gallery|March equinox]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Traffic report|Time to change my galaxy in case, we outta space!]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Comix|Of skirts and articles]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 21 April 2026 06.50 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30434643 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 26 April 2026 00.57 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> ml3734xguiyu2kicvdrj3d502vuqyfj 0 165182 1747540 1516985 2026-04-25T14:01:26Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Beguni|image=Beguni.jpg|caption=Beguni|alternate_name=বেগুনী|national_cuisine=[[Indian cuisine|India]], [[Bengali cuisine|India]]|country=[[India]]|region=[[Bengal]] region of the [[Indian subcontinent]]|creator=|course=|served=|main_ingredient=[[Eggplant|Brinjal]] (eggplant)|variations=|calories=|other=}} Béguni ( {{Lang-bn|বেগুনী}} ) ya iku jajanan Bengali sing asalé saka tlatah Bengal ing bawana India, digawé saka [[Térong|terong]] (uga dikenal ''aubergine'' utawa ''brinjal'' ) sing diiris lan dirajang sadurungé digorèng utawa digorèng minyak jero. Pasugatan iki uga misuwur ing India wétan, utamané Bengal kulon. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vdMNBxOsvrUC&pg=PR22|title=Encyclopaedia of Tourism Resources in India|last=Manohar Sajnani|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|year=2001|isbn=978-81-7835-017-2|page=22}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nr2Dna7hx1EC&pg=PA46|title=Jane Grigson's Vegetable Book|last=Jane Grigson|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|year=2007|isbn=0-8032-5994-8|page=46}}</ref> Pianganan sing padha ditepungi minangka tukang ''gorèng aubergine'' . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XjV0kPhngoC&pg=PT18|title=Contemporary Caribbean Cooking|last=Sally Miller|publisher=Miller Publishing Co. Ltd.|year=2008|isbn=978-976-8079-75-6|page=18}}</ref> Panganan sing meh padha digawé ing Karibia, yaiku ing [[Trinidad lan Tobago|Trinidad & Tobago]] lan [[Guyana]], sing diarani baigané, sing kalebu irisan terong sing dicelup ing bungkus glepung. <ref>[https://www.thingsguyana.com/pholourie-baiganee-find-out-how-they-are-made-guyanese-style/ Pholourie & Baiganee]{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Gambar:Brinjal Fritters - Howrah 2015-04-26 8537.JPG|al=|jmpl|Béguni dawa]] Panganan kasebut bisa disiapaké kanthi lapisan terong nganggo tempa besan banjur dipotong ing lenga. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GNKzAAAAIAAJ|title=Uses of Tropical Grain Legumes: Proceedings of a Consultants Meeting, 27-30 Mar 1989, ICRISAT Center, India|publisher=ICRISAT|year=1991|isbn=978-92-9066-180-1|pages=108, 335}}</ref> Béguni biasané diiris ( {{Lang-bn|বেগুন}} ''diwiwiti'' ) lan dicelupaké ing glepung gandum saka benggala nganggo uyah lan [[kunir]], lan digorèng ing jero [[lenga sawit]] . Kadhangkala ditambah wiji wijèn menyang adonan. Sawetara wong luwih seneng nambah bubuk roti ing adhonan supaya dadi kriyuk. Racaké dipangan bebarengan karo sega lan dadi panganan jalanan sing misuwur banget ing kutha-kutha. Biasané dadi jajanan soré ing kluwarga Bengali lan dadi panganan umum Iftar ing Bangladesh sajrone wulan Ramadan [[Pananggalan Hijriyah|tanggalan Islam]] . [[Gambar:Iftar beguni.JPG|jmpl|Bakul béguni]] Béguni minangka masakan [[Muson|monsun]] Bengali, sing dipangan bebarengan karo sega lan lentil sing diarani Khichuri. Béguni uga kasedhiya uga dadi jajanan lan dikonsumsi karo tèh. == Cathetan sikil == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Asia]] [[Kategori:Gorèngan]] guyotzrqx6f2fvio887h2tvcq8q6sjl 0 170278 1747552 1730524 2026-04-25T20:41:48Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747552 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:TernascoAragonDO-Pierna.JPG|jmpl|300x300px| Pupu domba enom lan iga]] '''Daging''' '''domba''' iku daging sing diprodhuksi saka [[Wedhus gèmbèl|domba sing wis]] ternak (spesies ''aries Ovis'' ). tembung ''lamb kasebut'' nuduhake domba sing durung umur setaun, yaiku jinis domba sing paling misuwur.<ref>[[Oxford English Dictionary]] Third edition, August 2010; online version November 2010</ref><ref>http://www.abare.gov.au/publications_html/livestock/livestock_00/lamb.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413052016/http://www.abare.gov.au/publications_html/livestock/livestock_00/lamb.pdf |date=2011-04-13 }} Australian Prime Lamb Industry, 2000</ref> Dene istilah ''hogget'' nuduhake domba luwih saka 1 taun, déné istilah ''mutton'' nuduhake domba diwasa sing umur luwih saka 2 taun.<ref>[http://www.meatandright.com/lamb-hogget-mutton/ Meat & Right - Lamb, Hogget & Mutton]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://www.thespruce.com/lamb-vs-mutton-1807038 The Spruce - What Is the Difference Between Lamb and Mutton?]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/jan/26/hogget-mutton-good-for-you The Guardian - Why hogget and mutton are good for you]</ref> Daging domba enom utawa lamb sing dibelèh nalika umure umur setaun nganti setaun, kanthi bobot awak antarane 5,5 nganti 30 kilogram. Daging saka [[sapi]] siji padha karo daging wedhus lima.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bisnis-jabar.com/index.php/berita/wagub-jabar-ajak-masyarakat-konsumsi-daging-domba|title=Wagub Jabar Ajak Masyarakat Konsumsi Daging Domba|website=bisnis-jabar.com|access-date=3 Oktober 2013|archive-date=2018-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128142852/http://www.bisnis-jabar.com/index.php/berita/wagub-jabar-ajak-masyarakat-konsumsi-daging-domba|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daging iki umume luwih ringkes tinimbang wedhus tuwa, lan umume sajian negara sisih kulon. Iwak domba lawas lan umur setengah tuwa duwe rasa luwih kuwat amarga ngemot asam lemak spesifik sing ditemokake ing domba.<ref>Fearnley-Whittingstall, Hugh. "[http://www.muttonrenaissance.org.uk/whatIsMutton.php What Is Mutton - Understanding the History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723081313/http://www.muttonrenaissance.org.uk/whatIsMutton.php |date=2017-07-23 }}." ''Mutton Renaissance.''</ref> Sing luwih tuwa daging domba bakal angel banget amarga jaringan konvensional saya tambah diwasa supaya luwih cocog dimasak kanthi gaya Casserole, disigar, utawa ing [[Semur|godhok]] . Rajangan biri-biri sing bisa digawé kanggo masak umume padha karo kewan ruminan liyane, sing ngemot potongan daging saka sikil, gulu, weteng, mburi, lan iga. ilat wedhus uga digunakake ing negara-negara Timur Tengah kanggo godhok masak.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.discoverlebanon.com/en/recipes/lamb_tongue.php |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-08-02 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804105657/http://www.discoverlebanon.com/en/recipes/lamb_tongue.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ing negara maju, organ ing wedhus ( offal ) biasane diproses maneh kanggo pupuk, bahan bakar, campuran panganan kewan klangenan, lan diekspor menyang negara-negara miskin lan berkembang <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://finance.detik.com/read/2013/03/25/175113/2203285/4/ri-rajin-impor-jeroan-dari-australia-ini-alasannya|title=RI Rajin Impor Jeroan dari Australia, Ini Alasannya|website=Detik|access-date=3 Oktober 2013}}</ref> ; ora asring digunakake nalika masak. Irisan-irisan domba tipis bisa diproses dadi macon, pengganti [[Daging bakon|daging babi]] . <gallery> Gambar:Lambp.jpg|<nowiki> </nowiki>Iga domba enom Gambar:Chuletillas-El-Mazuco.jpg|<nowiki> </nowiki>''Chuletillas'', daging domba mung ''diwenehi'' susu saka susu ibune, saka Asturia, Spanyol Gambar:Lamb shank.jpg|<nowiki> </nowiki>Kaki domba Gambar:Mutton rogan josh.jpg|<nowiki> </nowiki>''Rogan josh'' lamb chops saka [[Kashmir]] Gambar:Barbecued lamb sticks.jpg|<nowiki> </nowiki>Saté daging domba </gallery> [[Gambar:British_Lamb_Cuts.svg|ka|jmpl|280x280px| Bagean awak domba ala Inggris]] == Prodhuksi == {| class="wikitable" |+ Produksi Lamb ing donya (kilo ton) <ref name="Sheep Meat Production">{{Cite web|url=http://helgilibrary.com/indicators/index/sheep-meat-production Sheep Meat Production|access-date=2014-02-12}}</ref> ! ! 2008 ! Taun 2009 ! 2010 ! 2011 |- |[[null|pra=|tepi]] {{Flag|Australia}} | 660 | 635 | 556 | 513 |- |[[null|pra=|tepi]] {{Flag|Brazil}} | 79.3 | 80,0 | 82,4 | 84.0 |- |[[null|pra=|tepi]] {{Flag|China}} | 1978 | 2044 | 2070 | 2050 |- |[[null|pra=|tepi]] {{Flag|Jerman}} | 38.5 | 38.5 | 38.3 | 39.9 |- |[[null|pra=|tepi]] {{Flag|Jepang}} | 0,13 | 0,14 | 0,15 | 0,16 |- |[[null|pra=|tepi]] {{Flag|Amerika Serikat}} | 81.7 | 80,4 | 76.3 | 76.3 |} == Cathetan == [[Kategori:Daging]] l0njsxnxwgclrec8wqk3sc6245mutdw 0 174371 1747553 1641776 2026-04-25T20:46:59Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Dahi vada|image=Dahi Vadas (Dhai Bhalla).JPG|image_size=250px|caption=Dahi vada|alternate_name=|country=[[India]]|region=[[Indian subcontinent]]|creator=|type=[[Chaat]]|served=|main_ingredient=[[Vada (food)|Vada]], [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt)|variations=Rajasthani Dahi Bada, Delhi Dahi Bhalla, Odia dahi bara{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}|calories=|other=}}'''Dahi vada''' minangka jinis ''[[chaat]]'' (cemilan) sing asale saka anak bawahan India lan populer ing saindenging [[Asia Kidul]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/Food/soft-crisp-vadas/article5709796.ece|title=Soft, crisp vadas!}}</ref> Disiapake kanthi ngrendhem [[Vada|vadas]] (bal glepung goreng) ing dahi (yogurt) sing kenthel. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/express-recipes-how-to-make-the-perfect-dahi-vada/|title=Express Recipes: How to make the perfect Dahi Vada|last=Madhulika|first=Nisha|date=11 March 2015|work=The Indian Express|access-date=3 May 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foodandtravel.xyz/2020/05/dahi-vada-recipe-in-hindi-north-indian.html|title=Dahi Vada Recipe In Hindi North Indian Style|website=People Hawker|access-date=2020-12-20|archive-date=2021-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125175700/https://www.foodandtravel.xyz/2020/05/dahi-vada-recipe-in-hindi-north-indian.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Lentil urad sing wis dicuci direndhem sewengi banjur digiling dadi adonan kanggo vada, banjur dimasak nganggo lenga panas. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web|url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/street-food-make-authentic-dahi-vada-at-home-with-veranda-restaurants-exclusive-recipe-2278932|title=Street Food: Make Authentic Dahi Vada At Home With Veranda Restaurant's Exclusive Recipe|website=NDTV Food|access-date=2020-09-04}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Vila [[Gorèng kungkum|goreng]] panas sing paling dhisik dilebokake ing banyu lan banjur ditransfer menyang yogurt sing dikukul kenthel. Vila direndhem sajrone sawetara wektu sadurunge disajikake. Kajaba adonan bisa uga kalebu kismis emas. Vadas bisa paling ndhuwur karo [[Ketumbar|katumbah]] utawa [[Godhong Mint|Mint]] godhong, [[Bubuk lombok|wêdakakêna chili]], ulig [[Mrica|mrico ireng]], [[Chaat masala|masala chaat]], [[Jinten putih|cumin]], shredded [[Krambil|klapa]], ijo [[Lombok abang|chilis]], [[boondi]], thinly ngiris jahe seger utawa pomegranate. Tukang sayur sing luwih legi luwih disenengi ing sawetara panggonan ing India, utamane ing [[Maharashtra]] lan [[Gujarat]], sanajan hiasan kasebut isih padha. Gabungan ketumbar lan asam jawa asring digunakake minangka hiasan. Adonan bisa digawe nganggo tepung kacang pitik uga. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://recipes.timesofindia.com/us/recipes/dahi-vada-by-pankaj-bhadouria/rs55432577.cms|title=Dahi Vada Recipe: How to Make Dahi Vada|website=recipes.timesofindia.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/the-story-of-dahi-bhalla-and-how-to-make-it-at-home/photostory/74550316.cms|title=The story of Dahi Bhalla and how to make it at home|date=2020-03-09|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-04-27}}</ref> == Jeneng == Dahi vada uga dikenal kanthi jeneng "dahi vade" (दही व inे) ing Marathi, ''dahi vada'' (दही वड़ा) ing [[Basa Hindi|Hindi]], "dahi bhalla" ing Punjabi, ''thayir vadai'' ing [[Basa Tamil|Tamil]], <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dinakaran.com/cooking_Detail.asp?cat=502&Nid=3723|title=சோள தயிர் வடை /கார்ன் தஹி வடா|access-date=2020-12-20|archive-date=2018-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920235153/http://www.dinakaran.com/cooking_Detail.asp?cat=502&Nid=3723|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''thairu vada'' ing Malayalam, ''perugu vada'' ing Telugu, ''mosaru vade'' ing [[Basa Kannada|Kannada]], ''dahi bara'' (ଦହି ବରା) ing Odia lan ''doi bora'' (দই বড়া) ing basa Bengali . Iki diarani ''dahi bade'' (دہی بڑے) ing basa [[Basa Urdu|Urdu]] . Resep kanggo dahi wada (minangka ''kshiravata'' ) kasebut ing ''[[Manasollasa]]'', sawijining ensiklopedia Sanskrit abad kaping-12 sing dikompilasi dening [[Someshvara III]], sing mrentah wiwit [[Karnataka|Karnataka saiki]] . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC&pg=PA85|title=The Story of Our Food|last=K.T. Achaya|publisher=Universities Press|year=2003|isbn=978-81-7371-293-7|page=85}}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/chaat-masala-gourmet-indian-street-food/articleshow/73615337.cms|title=Chaat Masala: Gourmet Indian street food|last=Vishal|first=Anoothi|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2020-09-04}}</ref> Katrangan babagan dahi vada uga katon ing literatur wiwit taun 500 SM <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/17/dining/chaat-recipes-maneet-chauhan.html|title=Chaat Is More Than the Sum of Its Many Flavors|last=Krishna|first=Priya|date=2020-08-17|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-09-04|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Uga dipercaya manawa Mughal abad kaping 18 nyiyapake sajian iki. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/the-story-of-dahi-bhalla-and-how-to-make-it-at-home/photostory/74550316.cms|title=The story of Dahi Bhalla and how to make it at home|date=2020-03-09|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-09-04}}</ref> <gallery widths="200" heights="140"> Barkas:Dahi Masala Vada.JPG|| Barkas:Dahi Vada or Dahi Bhalla.JPG|| Barkas:Dahi Bara - January 2019 - Bhubaneshwar.jpg| </gallery> == Referensi == [[Kategori:Kabèh artikel mawa tetélan tanpa sumber]] b5p6nlqh3l2op62hg3ft192glr1ai46 0 175119 1747538 1641301 2026-04-25T13:10:44Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747538 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Peanut butter bun|image=Peanutbutterbun.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=|alternate_name=|country=[[Hong Kong]]|region=|creator=|course=|type=[[Sweet roll|Sweet bun]]|served=|main_ingredient=[[Peanut butter]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}{{Infobox Chinese|t=[[wikt:花|花]][[wikt:生|生]][[wikt:醬|醬]][[wikt:包|包]]|s=[[wikt:花|花]][[wikt:生|生]][[wikt:酱|酱]][[wikt:包|包]]|p=huā shēng jiàng bāo|j=faa1 sang1 zoeng3 baau1|l=peanut butter bun|showflag=pj}}'''Roti mentega kacang''' yaiku '''roti''' [[Gulungan legi|legi]] [[Hong Kong|Hong Kong sing]] ditemokake ing [[Hong Kong]] uga toko roti Chinatown . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.menupages.com/philadelphia/2007/12/chinatowns_hong_kong_bakery.html|title=Chinatown's Hong Kong Bakery - Grub Street Philadelphia|date=2007-12-21|publisher=Blogs.menupages.com|access-date=2013-10-15|archive-date=2007-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071224200829/http://blogs.menupages.com/philadelphia/2007/12/chinatowns_hong_kong_bakery.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bun duwe lapisan isi [[Selé kacang|butter kacang]], kadang nganggo taburan [[Gula|gula sing]] dicampur karo [[Selé kacang|butter kacang]] kanggo rasa tambahan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://allrecipes.co.uk/recipe/34768/peanut-butter-buns.aspx|title=Peanut butter buns|last=|first=|date=|website=allrecipes.co.uk|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-04}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Beda karo roti liyane sing padha, bentuke beda-beda, gumantung karo roti. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://justcooking.in/dictionary/peanut-butter-bun|title=justcooking.in - Food Dictionary - Buns - Peanut Butter bun|website=justcooking.in|language=en|access-date=2020-08-04}}</ref> Adonan digawe saka glepung, gula, banyu, ragi, susu, lan krim. Sadurunge dilebokake ing oven kanggo dipanggang, roti kasebut asring disapu nganggo banyu gula kanggo nggawe glasir sing apik. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/peanut-butter-bun|title=Peanut Butter Bun {{!}} Traditional Sweet Pastry From Hong Kong {{!}} TasteAtlas|website=www.tasteatlas.com|access-date=2020-08-04}}</ref> == Referensi == [[Kategori:Artikel ngandhut tulisan abasa Cina]] ia1ehcdiissgjqxmfeihblwb2cl9vtx 0 176931 1747563 1553703 2026-04-26T02:24:56Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747563 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Barkas:Dongpo pork and eggs by superturtle.jpg|jmpl| babi iki]] '''Daging babi Dongpo''' ( traditional Chinese ) yaiku salah sawijining jinis olahan arupa sajian Hangzhou <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PjlQTjxgcDoC|title=Michelin Must Sees Shanghai|publisher=Michelin Apa Publications|year=2010|isbn=978-1-906261-99-3|editor-last=Cannon, Gwen|location=London|pages=133}}</ref> sing digawe nganggo wajan lan banjur masak [[Weteng babi|daging babi]] abang. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/food/how-to-make-dong-po-pork|title=Video: How to make braised Dongpo pork|last=Yoke|first=Wong Ah|date=May 8, 2016|website=The Straits Times|access-date=June 24, 2019|archive-date=May 23, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160523164359/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/food/how-to-make-dong-po-pork|url-status=dead}}</ref> Daging babi dipotong kenthel, udakara limang sentimeter persegi, lan kudu ngemot daging lemu lan ramping. Kulit ditinggalake. Cangkem uga tutuk berminyak nanging ora lemu lan lawuhe wangi anggur . Piring kasebut dijenengi sawise pujangga Dinasti Song [[Su Shi|lan Su Dongpo]] [[Gastronomi|gastronome]] . <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/intercontinental0000lawe|title=Intercontinental's best of China|last=Law|first=Eugene|publisher=China Intercontinental Press|year=2004|isbn=978-7-5085-0429-2|location=Beijing|page=[https://archive.org/details/intercontinental0000lawe/page/336 336]|url-access=registration}}</ref> == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Artikel ngandhut tulisan abasa Cina prasaja]] [[Kategori:Artikel ngandhut tulisan abasa Cina padatan]] [[Kategori:Artikel ngandhut tulisan abasa Cina]] 0cj97edav3ianuuv96gx138bt6mpiiw 0 178049 1747546 1561577 2026-04-25T18:31:17Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Clootie dumpling|image=Clootie dumpling.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=Clootie dumpling|alternate_name=|country=[[Scotland]]|creator=|course=|type=[[Pudding]]|served=|main_ingredient=[[Flour]], [[bread crumbs]], [[dried fruit]] (currants, raisins, sultanas), [[suet]], [[sugar]], [[spices]], [[milk]]|variations=|calories=|other=}}A '''clootie''' (uga '''cloutie;''' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rampantscotland.com/recipes/blrecipe_cloutie.htm|title=Traditional Scottish Recipes - Cloutie Dumpling|website=www.rampantscotland.com|access-date=2021-05-09|archive-date=2021-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309125620/http://www.rampantscotland.com/recipes/blrecipe_cloutie.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> saka Pampanga tembung '''cloot''' utawa '''pangaruh:''' "kacu utawa kulit; tembelan; klambi") iku Strip utawa kacu, klambi utawa barang saka sandhangan; uga bisa ngrujuk [[Kain|kain sing]] digunakake ing tambalan sandhangan utawa nggawe tikar klambi (alias permadani ). == Paribasan == Paribasan "Ne'er ngeculake jubah nganti saiki" menehi peringatan supaya ora ngeculake sandhangan sadurunge musim panas teka lan wit lan pager ( hawthorn ) bisa mekar. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://talefromtwocities.blogspot.com/2005/04/neer-cast-cloot.html|title=talefromtwocities|website=talefromtwocities.blogspot.com}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.abdn.ac.uk/elphinstone/kist/search/display.php?sbl123.dat Kist example] (Scots language poem)</ref> Paribasan kasebut uga ditampilake ing basa Inggris minangka "Ne'er ngeculake jubah nganti Mei metu". <ref name="PhraseFinder">{{Cite web|url=http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/till-may-is-out.html|title=Ne'er cast a clout till May be out|publisher=The Phrase Finder|access-date=2008-05-28}}</ref> == Panganan == [[Pudhing|Puding]] tradisional sing diarani ''pangsit clootie'' digawe nganggo [[glepung]], [[Panir|potongan roti]], [[Woh garing|woh-wohan garing]] ( kari, [[kismis]], sultanas ), [[Suèt|suet]], [[gula]] lan [[Bumbon crakèn|rempah-rempah]] kanthi [[susu]] kanggo diikat, lan uga [[sirup emas]] . Bahan-bahan kasebut dicampur kanthi adonan dadi adonan, banjur dibungkus nganggo glepung gandum, dilebokake ing wajan banyu umob sing umob gedhe lan direndhem nganti pirang-pirang jam sadurunge diangkat lan dikepengake ing cedhak geni utawa ing oven. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scotlands-enchanting-kingdom.com/clootie-dumpling-recipe.html|title=Clootie Dumpling Recipe|last=Cropley|first=May|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913100944/http://www.scotlands-enchanting-kingdom.com/clootie-dumpling-recipe.html|archive-date=2008-09-13|access-date=2008-07-20}}</ref> Resep beda-beda saben wilayah."Clootie dumpling" uga digunakake minangka julukan kanggo logo Partai Nasional Skotlandia . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/a-glossary-of-uk-politics-from-ashcroft-to-whips/|title=A Glossary Of U.K. Politics, From Ashcroft To Whips|last=Chalabi|first=Mona|date=30 March 2015|website=[[FiveThirtyEight]]|access-date=19 April 2015}}</ref> == Tandha panggonan == Sumur Clootie minangka sumur utawa sumber ing wilayah Celtic sing jamaah ninggalake kain utawa kain, biasane minangka bagean saka ritual penyembuhan. == Referensi == nn1suqurizwg41njhjrywndwt397jl0 0 194779 1747586 1740801 2026-04-26T10:06:14Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Freya Jayawardana | image = 20191221 JKT48 at JKT48 Joy Kick Tears HSF - Freya Jayawardana (Freya) (17).jpg | caption = | birthname = Freyanashifa Jayawardana | birth_date = {{birth date and age|2006|2|13}} | birth_place = [[Tangerang]], [[Banten]], [[Indonesia]] | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | burial_place = | nationality = | othername = Freya JKT48, {{nihongo|フレヤ||Fureya}} | occupation = {{Hlist|[[Penyanyi]]|[[Penari]]|[[Artis]]|[[Bintang iklan]]}} | years_active = 2018 - saiki | weight = | spouse = | partner = | parents = | relatives = | family = Wangsa Mataram | awards = | website = | module = {{Infobox musical artist | embed = yes | background = vocal_group | instrument = [[Vokal]] | genre = {{Hlist|[[Pop]]|[[J-pop]]}} | label = Indonesia Musik Nusantara |current_members = [[JKT48]] (2018 - saiki) |past_members = |associated_acts = [[JKT48]]}} }} '''Freyanashifa Jayawardana''' ({{Lairpati|[[Tangerang]]|13|2|2006}}),<ref name="Bio Kompas">{{Cite news|url=https://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2023/02/13/133317266/profil-dan-biodata-freya-jkt48-member-jkt48-generasi-ke-7|title=Profil dan Biodata Freya JKT48, Member JKT48 Generasi ke 7|last=Riandi|first=Ady Prawira|date=13 Fèbruari 2023|work=[[Kompas.com|Kompas]]|access-date=29 Agustus 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230428112845/https://entertainment.kompas.com/read/2023/02/13/133317266/profil-dan-biodata-freya-jkt48-member-jkt48-generasi-ke-7|archive-date=28 April 2023|editor-last=Aditia|editor-first=Andika|language=id}}</ref><ref name="profil" /> luwih dikenal kanthi jeneng panggung '''Freya Jayawardana''' lan kanthi jeneng mononim '''Freya''', iku sawijining penyanyi lan penari Indonesia. Dhèwèké kondhang lan dadi anggota grup wanita Indonesia, [[JKT48]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=JKT48 Official Web Site|url=https://jkt48.com/member/detail/id/214?lang=id|work=jkt48.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528005005/https://jkt48.com/member/detail/id/214?lang=id|archive-date=28 Mèi 2023|access-date=29 Agustus 2023}}</ref> == Urip awal == Freyanashifa Jayawardana, lair 13 Fèbruari 2006 ing [[Tangerang]], [[Banten]]. Dhèwèké mbarep saka telung sedulur, duwe adik lanang loro.<ref name = "Bio Banyumas">{{Cite news|last=Asrawati|date=17 April 2023|editor-last=Esteban|editor-first=Risky|title=Profil dan Biodata Freya JKT48, Sosok Cantik Member JKT48 yang Viral Disebut Bidadari Makan Bakwan|url=https://www.banyumasterkini.com/sosok/6498498636/profil-dan-biodata-freya-jkt48-sosok-cantik-member-jkt48-yang-viral-disebut-bidadari-makan-bakwan|work=Banyumas Terkini|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230508093205/https://www.banyumasterkini.com/sosok/6498498636/profil-dan-biodata-freya-jkt48-sosok-cantik-member-jkt48-yang-viral-disebut-bidadari-makan-bakwan|archive-date=8 Mèi 2023|access-date=29 Agustus 2023}}</ref> == Karir == Sawise lulus SD, Freya Jayawardana pindhah menyang Jakarta lan langsung melu audisi JKT48, terus ketampa. Tanggal 29 September 2018, dhèwèké miwiti dadi anggota Akademi Kelas B ing JKT48. Nanging, tanggal 25 Oktober 2018, dhèwèké ora lulus tahap awal Ujian Akademi Kelas B. Suwe-suwe, dhèwèké akhire munggah pangkat nang Akademi Kelas A tanggal 18 Desember 2018.<ref name = "Bio Banyumas"/> Dhèwèké banjur melu JKT48 Senbatsu Sousenkyo ing taun 2019, nanging ora ana ing 32 peringkat paling dhuwur. Taun-taun sabanjure, tanggal 2 Juni 2020, Freya Jayawardana melu Team T JKT48. Tanggal 12 Maret 2021, dhèwèké resmi dadi anggota generasi kapitu, saka JKT48.<ref name = "Bio Banyumas"/> Dhèwèké duwe Jikoshoukai utawa identifikasi diri sing muni, "Gadis korelis yang suka berimajinasi, terangi harimu dengan senyuman karamelku. Halo, aku Freya!" ("Cewek korelis sing seneng imajinasi, padhangake dina mu karo eseman karamelku. Halo, aku Freya!"). Dhèwèké uga duwe pengikut sing setia ing antarane penggemar JKT48, sing dikenal kanthi jeneng Freyanation.<ref name="Bio Kompas" /><ref name="profil" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=Mahardika|first=Arvendo|date=13 Fèbruari 2022|editor=Mahardika|editor-first=Arvendo|title=Profil Freya JKT48 yang Berulang Tahun ke-16 Hari Ini, Gadis Koleris yang Siap Terangi Harimu!|url=https://www.aboutmalang.com/gaya-hidup/pr-1422667980/profil-freya-jkt48-yang-berulang-tahun-ke-16-hari-ini-gadis-koleris-yang-siap-terangi-harimu|work=AboutMalang|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213050111/https://www.aboutmalang.com/gaya-hidup/pr-1422667980/profil-freya-jkt48-yang-berulang-tahun-ke-16-hari-ini-gadis-koleris-yang-siap-terangi-harimu|archive-date=2022-02-13|access-date=29 Agustus 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Ing September 2022, dhèwèké dadi wakil saka JKT48 lan melu urun rembug ing Indonesia Millennial and Gen-Z Summit 2022 sing dianakake ing Jakarta.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Melia|first=Ines Sela|date=30 Sèptèmber 2022|editor-last=|editor-first=|title=JKT48 New Era Punya Tujuan Go International|url=https://www.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/ines-sela-melia/jkt48-ingin-go-international|website=IDN Times|language=id|access-date=29 Agustus 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bahtiar|first=Aflaha Rizal|date=30 Sèptèmber 2022|editor-last=|editor-first=|title=IMGS 2022: Freya JKT48 Ungkap Dirinya Punya Kesempatan|url=https://www.popmama.com/big-kid/10-12-years-old/aflaha-rizal-bahtiar/freya-ungkap-dirinya-punya-banyak-kesempatan-di-jkt48|website=popmama.com|language=id|access-date=29 Agustus 2023}}</ref> Dhèwèké dadi fenomena meme sing viral ing internet nalika taun 2023.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Mahendra|first=Raditya Dava|date=6 April 2023|editor=Frantika|editor-first=Shintiya Yulia|title=7 Meme Freya JKT48 yang Viral di Media Sosial, Ngakak Poll!|url=https://www.aboutmalang.com/gaya-hidup/1428365193/7-meme-freya-jkt48-yang-viral-di-media-sosial-ngakak-poll|work=AboutMalang|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617042412/https://www.aboutmalang.com/gaya-hidup/1428365193/7-meme-freya-jkt48-yang-viral-di-media-sosial-ngakak-poll|archive-date=17 Juni 2023|access-date=29 Agustus 2023}}</ref> Ing wulan Agustus ing taun sing padha, dhèwèké dadi wakil saka JKT48 ing Tokyo Idol Festival 2023 lan uga melu kunjungan resmi ing Teater [[AKB48]] ing Tokyo, Jepang.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Awan Wicaksono|first=Muhammad|date=3 Agustus 2023|editor-last=Khunaefi|editor-first=Eep|title=Ini Line Up JKT48 yang akan Tampil di Tokyo Idol Festival 2023 , Ada Freya! - Alonesia|url=https://www.alonesia.com/entertainment/amp/1919688532/ini-line-up-jkt48-yang-akan-tampil-di-tokyo-idol-festival-2023-ada-freya|website=Alonesia|language=id|access-date=29 Agustus 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Fairuza Salsabila|first=Evita|date=5 Agustus 2023|editor-last=Christa|editor-first=Retna|title=JKT48 Bikin Heboh Tokyo Idol Festival 2023 di Jepang|url=https://harian.disway.id/amp/717540/jkt48-bikin-heboh-tokyo-idol-festival-2023-di-jepang|website=Harian Disway|language=id|access-date=29 Agustus 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mahardika|first=Arvendo|date=8 Agustus 2023|editor-last=Mahardika|editor-first=Arvendo|title=Freya JKT48 Ungkapkan Perasaan Usai Kunjungi Teater AKB48: So Happy!|url=https://www.aboutmalang.com/gaya-hidup/1429748506/freya-jkt48-ungkapkan-perasaan-usai-kunjungi-teater-akb48-so-happy|website=AboutMalang|language=id|access-date=29 Agustus 2023}}</ref> Uga dadi wakil saka JKT48 ing AniManGaki 2023 sing dianakake ing Selangor, Malaysia. == Ing media == Freya Jayawardana dikenal ing kalangan penggemar JKT48 lan masyarakat umum amarga tata krama lan sikape sing positif. Dhèwèké banget dihargai amarga kebecikan lan kekarepan kanggo sesambungan karo para penggemar, utamane sing ora duwe kabisan.<ref name = "Bio Banyumas"/><ref>{{Cite news|last=Emma M|date=5 Mèi 2023|editor-last=Esteban|editor-first=Risky|title=Biodata Freya JKT48, Penyanyi Cantik Member Generasi ke-7 JKT48 yang Menjadi Idola dan Idaman Kaum Adam|url=https://www.banyumasterkini.com/sosok/6498678297/biodata-freya-jkt48-penyanyi-cantik-member-generasi-ke-7-jkt48-yang-menjadi-idola-dan-idaman-kaum-adam|work=Banyumas Terkini|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627023318/https://www.banyumasterkini.com/sosok/6498678297/biodata-freya-jkt48-penyanyi-cantik-member-generasi-ke-7-jkt48-yang-menjadi-idola-dan-idaman-kaum-adam|archive-date=27 Juni 2023|access-date=29 Agustus 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bonsernews.com/showbiz/4798476619/4-fakta-menarik-freya-jkt48-gadis-manis-yang-jadi-bahan-meme-di-media-sosial-fakta-ke-3-bikin-kagum?page=2|title=4 Fakta Menarik Freya JKT48 Gadis Manis yang Jadi Bahan Meme di Media Sosial, Fakta ke-3 Bikin Kagum - Bonser News - Halaman 2|last=Setiawan Muharom|first=Bagus|date=15 April 2023|editor-last=Djati Kusuma|editor-first=Ranutyas|website=Bonser News|language=id|access-date=29 Agustus 2023}}</ref> Dhèwèké dadi misuwur, utamane ing [[TikTok]], sawise video meme sing viral babagan siaran langsung dhèwèké ing aplikasi SHOWROOM.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Firmansyah|first=Haris|date=2 Juni 2023|title=Viral di Internet Karena Meme, Freya JKT48 Ceritakan Reaksi Terkejutnya!|url=https://duniagames.co.id/discover/article/meme-freya-jkt48|work=Dunia Games|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627022909/https://duniagames.co.id/discover/article/meme-freya-jkt48|archive-date=27 Juni 2023|access-date=29 Agustus 2023}}</ref> == Kehidupan peribadi == Freya Jayawardana minangka keturunan Sultan [[Hamengkubuwono II]] lan nduweni gelar Raden Roro. Gelar mulya sing resmi ditambahake ing identitase nalika umure 17 taun.<ref name="Bio Kompas" /><ref name="profil">{{Cite news|url=https://www.suaramerdeka.com/hiburan/049142004/keturunan-sultan-profil-freya-jkt-48-yang-ternyata-bergelar-raden-roro|title=Keturunan Sultan, Profil Freya JKT 48 yang ternyata bergelar Raden Roro - Suara Merdeka|last=|first=|date=14 Juni 2023|work=[[Suara Merdeka]]|access-date=29 Agustus 2023|editor-last=Rosadi|editor-first=Imron|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Acha|first=|date=4 Maret 2023|editor-last=Hermawan|editor-first=Doni|title=10 Potret Freya JKT48 yang Semakin Dewasa, Ternyata Keturunan Sultan!|url=https://sumut.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/acha-8/10-potret-freya-jkt48-yang-semakin-dewasa-ternyata-keturunan-sultan|work=IDN Times|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401013613/https://sumut.idntimes.com/hype/entertainment/acha-8/10-potret-freya-jkt48-yang-semakin-dewasa-ternyata-keturunan-sultan|archive-date=1 April 2023|access-date=29 Agustus 2023}}</ref> == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commonscat}} * (Bahasa Indonesia) [https://jkt48.com/member/detail/id/214?lang=id Profil ing kaca web rasmi JKT48] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528005005/https://jkt48.com/member/detail/id/214?lang=id |date=2023-05-28 }} * {{Twitter|Freya_JK48}} * {{Instagram|jkt48.freya}} * (Bahasa Inggris) [http://stage48.net/wiki/index.php/Freya_Jayawardana Freya Jayawardana ing Wiki48] * (Bahasa Jepang) [https://www.showroom-live.com/JKT48_Freya Freya Jayawardana ing SHOWROOM] * [https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLX15XB_3XZuSuWw7eQwNvE0kgdzxUdBlq Freya Jayawardana SHOWROOM dhaptar puter ing YouTube] {{JKT48}} [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Wong saka Jakarta]] [[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Lair 2006]] 7ayqpe51mcf0ughky4rnn0mp5lrqjgh 0 194889 1747550 1658868 2026-04-25T19:59:13Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747550 wikitext text/x-wiki Curug Pletuk ya iku siji wisata grojogan karo sesawangan alam kang éndah lan asri. salah siji kaunggulan Curug Pletuk ana ing grojogane kang dhuwur, banyuné kang bening sarta udara sawatara kang seger. Papan wisata iki ana ing pegunungan Kidul Banjarnegara. Dalan pinuju Curug Pletuk wis arupa aspal, karo sesawangan alas lan kali ing tengen kiwa dalan. Sanadyan mangkono pengunjung diarep-arep tetep ngati-ati amarga jalur pinuju Curug Pletuk cukup bebayani lan ménggak-ménggok.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.perhutani.co.id/curug-pletuk-pesona-wisata-alam-perhutani-di-kabupaten-banjarnegara/|title=Curug Pletuk, Pesona Wisata Alam Perhutani di Kabupaten Banjarnegara|date=2021-04-30|website=Perhutani|access-date=2023-09-17|archive-date=2023-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226074738/https://www.perhutani.co.id/curug-pletuk-pesona-wisata-alam-perhutani-di-kabupaten-banjarnegara/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Panggonan == Panggonan Curug Pletuk ana ing alamat Dhukuh Pletuk, Désa [[Pesangkalan, Banjarnegara, Banjarnegara|Pesangkalan]], Kecamatan [[Pagedhongan, Banjarnegara|Pagedhongan]], [[Kabupatèn Banjarnegara|Kabupaten Banjarnegara]], [[Jawa Tengah]]. Rute menyang Curug Pletuk cukup cedhak karo kutha Banjarnegara, mung udakara 9 km, yaiku kanthi ngarahake kendharaan menyang Jl. Ahmad Yani banjur terus nganti tekan Gathot Subroto. Banjur ngiwa ing Jl. Raya Argasoka, wis ana pandhuan dalan sing bakal ngarahaké sampeyan teka ing Curug Pletuk. Akses dalan ora jembar banget, nanging isih bisa diliwati mobil menyang wilayah parkir. == Keapikan Curug Pletuk == # '''curug kang dhuwur kainggilan'''. Curug pletuk diperkirakake sawatara 120 meter, wangune berundak-undak tansaya mengingsor piliane tansaya gedhe. mili ning antara tetumbuhan ijo kang rindang, nganti katon eksotik amarga banyune katon resik banget. kolam penampungane ora mangkono gedhe, nanging oleh dimanfaatake kanggo kowe kang pengin njajal segare grojogan curug pletuk. hempasan banyune krasa banget apa maneh menawa kowe tansaya nyedhaki pilian grojogane. # '''Dalan kang gampang.''' kanggo pinuju grojogane uga gampang, kowe ora prelu trekking adoh-adoh. saka lokasi parkir pinuju kawasan curug pletuk sawatara 100 meteran sanadyan oleh dilalui montor kendaraan, ora diolehake kanggo ngleboni kawasan iki.Curug Pletuk minangka tur banyu terjun kanthi pemandangan alam sing apik lan asri. Salah sawijining kaluwihan saka Curug Pletuk yaiku banyu terjun sing dhuwur, banyu sing jelas lan hawa sekitar seger. Posisi turis iki ana ing gunung kidul Banjarnegara. Dalan menyang Curug Pletuk wis diaspal, kanthi pemandangan tampi alas lan kali ing sisih kiwa tengen dalan. Nanging pengunjung samesthine tetep ati-ati amarga jalur menyang Curug Pletuk cukup mbahayani. # '''Panggonan foto ingkang apik.''' sadurunge teka ing ngareping grojogan curug pletuk kowe oleh mandheg sadhela ing pira-pira spot kanggo hunting foto-foto keren. tuladhane wae karo mandheg sadhela ing siji gardu pandhang, karo latar kang pener banget. curug pletuk katon jelas banget ing gardu pandhang kasebut, nganti iki ya iku spot foto utama nalika ngunjungi grojogan banjarnegara kang siji iki. # '''kolam-renang.''' nglangi karo dikancani swara grojogan katone arang banget kedadeyan, curug pletuk nyedyakake wahana kolam-renang kang dikhususkan kanggo bocah-bocah. dolanan banyu ya iku ragam wisata kang digemari banget dening sapa wae, apa maneh bocah-bocah. kanggo dolanan banyu pener ing ngisor curug pletuk mbebayani banget kanggo anak ngelingi derese banyu kang mili. # '''Panggonan nongkrong ingkang kapenak'''. curug pletuk oleh didadekake lokasi nongkrong nggo kawula enom, apa maneh ana cafe malah ing momen-momen tinemtu ana pasugatan musike uga. seru banget kan, nongkrong asyik ing watara alam kang endah. curug pletuk ya iku papan wisata banjarnegara kang oleh menarik ati kabeh umur, becik iku para pandhemen grojogan, coffeeholic, malah bocah-bocah.tabuh bikak curug pletuk<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nativeindonesia.com/curug-pletuk/|title=Curug Pletuk, Ini Nih Wisata Air Terjun Yang Nyaman Di Banjarnegara - NativeIndonesia.com|date=2023-01-31|website=www.nativeindonesia.com|language=id|access-date=2023-09-17}}</ref>. == Labuh bikak Curug Pletuk == Labuh bikak curug pletuk saben dina Senèn nganti Minggu wiwit jam 08.00 nganti 16.00 ning akhir pekan jam tutup bisa luwih dawa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jateng.suara.com/read/2021/09/18/125114/menikmati-sensasi-keindahan-curug-pletuk-di-banjarnegara-wajib-kamu-coba|title=Menikmati Sensasi Keindahan Curug Pletuk di Banjarnegara, Wajib Kamu Coba!|date=2021-09-18|website=suara.com|language=id|access-date=2023-09-17}}</ref>. == Rega tiket mlebu curug pletuk == Tiket mlebu Curug Pletuk rp.14.000,- == Refrensi == <references /> [[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]] [[Kategori:WikiPlesir]] 5l38xskitym54ohyjuav0r7qskxz2hf 0 195025 1747573 1731628 2026-04-26T04:45:21Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747573 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox park | name = Embung Patarana<br>{{nobold|{{small|ꦲꦼꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦁꦥꦠꦫꦤ}}}} | image = Embung Potorono.jpg | image_caption = | map = | map_caption = | map_label = | type = Taman rekreasi air | location = Jalan Ngipik–Salakan, Dusun Salakan, Kalurahan Potorono, Kapanéwon Banguntapan, Kabupaten Bantul, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta | coordinates = | area = | owner = | operator = Pemerintah Kalurahan Potorono | visitation_num = | status = Dibuka (sepanjang hari) | opened = 2018 (perkiraan) | awards = | designation = | open = | created = | facilities = * Toilet * Musala * Parkir }} '''Embung Patarana''' inggih punika [[tlaga]]/embung/''danau'' damelan wonten ing Dhusun Salakan, [[Patarana, Banguntapan, Bantul|Patarana]], Kapanéwon [[Banguntapan, Bantul|Banguntapan]], [[Kabupatèn]] Bantul ingkang dipun yasa warsa 2017 ingkang dipun biayai dèning pamarintah [[Daérah Istiméwa Yogyakarta]] (DIY) .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://biz.kompas.com/read/2021/08/15/100653728/embung-potorono-destinasi-wisata-yang-cocok-untuk-dikunjungi-bersama-keluarga|title=Embung Potorono, Destinasi Wisata yang Cocok untuk Dikunjungi Bersama Keluarga Pasca-PPKM|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=2021-08-15|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://travel.detik.com/cerita-perjalanan/d-5388967/embung-potorono-wisata-alam-untuk-keluarga-di-yogyakarta|title=Embung Potorono, Wisata Alam untuk Keluarga di Yogyakarta|website=detikTravel|language=id|access-date=2023-10-07}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://wisata.harianjogja.com/read/2021/09/25/504/1083773/sejenak-melepas-penat-di-embung-potorono|title=Sejenak Melepas Penat di Embung Potorono|last=Media|first=Harian Jogja Digital|website=Harianjogja.com|language=en|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.inews.id/travel/destinasi/embung-potorono-wisata-alam-nan-eksotisme-di-yogyakarta|title=Embung Potorono Wisata Alam nan Eksotisme di Yogyakarta|last=Dimyati|first=Vien|date=2020-01-21|website=iNews.ID|language=id|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref> Embung Patarana awal wiwitipun dipunanggé dados wontenipun [[Banyu|toya]] ing [[mangsa katiga]] wonten ing Tlatah [[Patarana, Banguntapan, Bantul|Patarana]]. === Kahanan Umum === Embung Patarana inggih punika kolam bendungan lepen sarupi tlaga awujud lonjong ingkang papanipun wonten ing pinggir lèpèn ingkang dipunubengi kaliyan wit-witan ingkang edhum.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> Embung Patarana nggadahi wiyar 4.800 [[mèter]] pesagi dan manggèn wonten papan wanadésa sa-wiyar 30.000 [[mèter]] pesagi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yogyapos.com/berita-telaga-desa-embung-potorono-wisata-keluarga-yang-menawan-9171|title=Embung Potorono, Wisata Keluarga yang Menawan|last=Yogya|first=Yuliantoro|date=2022-12-16|website=Yogya Pos|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.inews.id/travel/destinasi/embung-potorono-wisata-alam-nan-eksotisme-di-yogyakarta|title=Embung Potorono Wisata Alam nan Eksotisme di Yogyakarta|last=Dimyati|first=Vien|date=2020-01-21|website=iNews.ID|language=id|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> Embung puniki nggadhahi jarak 2 [[kilomèter]] saking Kota Gedhé.<ref name=":5" /> Wonten ing sisih kilèn Embung Patarana angsal dipuntingali panorama senja ingkang éndah sanget ingkang saget dipun tingali kaliyan lenggah wonten ing pinggiran embung. Wonten ing salah setunggalipun sisi embung ugi wonten setunggaling istana balon ingkang ngadeg jejeg.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://bob.kemenparekraf.go.id/114986-berwisata-di-telaga-potorono/|title=Berwisata di Telaga Potorono|last=Borobudur|first=Badan Otorita|date=2021-11-20|website=Badan Otorita Borobudur|language=id|access-date=2023-10-07|archive-date=2023-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206173339/https://bob.kemenparekraf.go.id/114986-berwisata-di-telaga-potorono/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kajawi dipundadosaken embung, embung désa menika ugi dipundadosaken papan wisata alternatif ingkang narik kawigatosan wonten ing Kabupaten Bantul. === Fasilitas === Kados obyek wisata sanesipun, Embung Patarana nggadhahi fasilitas pendukung antawis sanes cakruk, prau kano lan kapal rakitan ingkang saged dipun tumpaki kaliyan berkelompok, rute kangge ''[[jogging]]'' (mlayu alon-alon) lan jalur [[pit]] ngubengi embung, [[wahana dolanan]] bocah alit ingkang dipunséwakaken déning wargi sak enggen, kolam ulam, area kanggé mancing, lan pinten-pinten macem dhaharan ingkang dipunsadé kaliyan regi mirah.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> Embung Désa Patarana nyuguhaken sesawangan kang éndah kanthi hawanipun kang adhem. Ing sakiwa-tengenipun embung menika wonten enem [[Gajebo|cakruk]] ingkang saged dipundadosaken papan pangayoman. Pengunjung utawi wisatawan saged numpak [[prau]] motor prasaja kanthi regi 5000 [[Rupiah]] mawon. Wontenipun embung ing Désa Patarana uga ningkatake sektor [[Ékonomi|ekonomi]] warga ing sakiwa tengene embung kanthi mbukak [[Warung|wandé]]-wandé lit ingkang nyedhiyani [[Jajanan pinggir dalan|jajanan]] kanthi regi mirah. Boten wonten biaya mlebet ingkang dipunpathok kanggé mlebet dhateng lebet ing embung, ananging namung dipun kéngingi biaya parkir seikhlasipun.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogja.tribunnews.com/2022/09/22/mengenal-embung-potorono-banguntapan-bantul-wisata-alternatif-untuk-keluarga|title=Mengenal Embung Potorono Banguntapan Bantul, Wisata Alternatif untuk Keluarga|website=Tribunjogja.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref> Embung Patarana ugi nggadhahi papan inkang wiyar lan saged dipun dadosaken papan kagiyatan ageng kados festival seni.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yogyapos.com/berita-18-grup-ramaikan-festival-seni-tradisi-di-embung-potorono-11669|title=18 Grup Ramaikan Festival Seni Tradisi di Embung Potorono|last=Yogya Pos|first=Supardi|date=2022-08-26|website=Yogya Pos|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref> === Sujarah === Wonten ing warsa 2017 Pemerintah DIY mbangung embung Patarana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogja.tribunnews.com/2022/09/22/mengenal-embung-potorono-banguntapan-bantul-wisata-alternatif-untuk-keluarga|title=Mengenal Embung Potorono Banguntapan Bantul, Wisata Alternatif untuk Keluarga|website=Tribunjogja.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> Salah satunggaling fungsi pandamelan embung inggih punika kanggé nampung toya jawah wonten ing pinten-pinten laladan supados saged dipunmanfaataken ing wanci mangsa ketiga, utaminipun kanggé ngilèni pertanian wonten ing lahan-lahan kritis utawi kirang subur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jogja.antaranews.com/berita/374415/bantul-akan-membangun-embung-di-beberapa-lokasi|title=Bantul akan membangun embung di beberapa lokasi|last=Home|last2=Terkini|date=2019-04-20|website=Antara News Yogyakarta|access-date=2023-10-08|last3=News|first3=Top|last4=Terpopuler|last5=Nusantara|last6=Nasional|last7=Terkini|first7=Jogja|last8=Politik|last9=Peristiwa}}</ref> Wonten ing warsa 2019 dipunwontenaken pembenahan embung kanggé njangkepi fasilitas ingkang wonten. Babagan puniki supados embung angsal dipunanggé kaliyan maksimal déning wisatawan nggih dados tempah penampung toya utawi objek wisata. Péhak ingkang tumut andil lebeting pembenahan puniki antawis sanes ''Kelompok Sadar Wisata'' (pokdarwis), Kundha Pariwisata (Dispar) Bantul, lan ''Badan Lingkungan Hidup'' (BLH) DIY.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarjogja.jawapos.com/bantul/65732351/embung-potorono-masih-perlu-banyak-sentuhan|title=Embung Potorono Masih Perlu Banyak Sentuhan|last=News|first=Editor|date=2019-01-21|website=Radar Jogja-Jawa Pos|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> === Tradhisi Mapag Toya === Salah setunggal kagiyatan ingkang dados tradisi ingkang dipunlampahaken wonten ing Embung Patarana inggih punika tradhisi mapag toya. Mapag Toya piyambak asalipun saking kalih [[tembung]] inggih punika tembung mapag ingkang nggadhahi artos methuk lan tembung toya ingkang nggadhahi artos toya ([[banyu]]). Miterat istilah, mapag toya inggih punika kegiatan tradisi methuk toya kaliyan mlebetaken toya dhateng lebet lantingan. Agènda puniki inggih punika tradisi kanggé njagi toya dados simbul gesang manungsa. Gesang puniki dipun gambaraken dipunwiwiti saking kebersihan utaminipun lèpèn dados simbul toya. Kagiyatan puniki ugi dados wujud syukur dhateng toya ingkang kathah dados sumber pengairan sabin kanggé para kadang tani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://disbud-arsip.bantulkab.go.id/berita/103-mapag-toya-desa-potorono|title=MAPAG TOYA DESA POTORONO|last=Bantul|first=Disbud Pemkab|website=Disbud Pemkab Bantul|access-date=2023-10-07|archive-date=2022-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630142255/https://disbud-arsip.bantulkab.go.id/berita/103-mapag-toya-desa-potorono|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mapag toya dipunwiwiti kaliyan nyukakaken [[Sesajèn|sesaji]] [[tumpeng]] lan jajanan peken ing bendung tegal ingkang dados saluran irigasi primèr petani. Bendung puniku lajeng dipunbikak lan wargi ramè-ramè methuk toya ing saluran irigasi sekunder. Babagan paling menarik saking tradisi mapag toya puniki inggih punika dipunlampahaken prosèsi penumpahan toya ingkang dipunpendhet saking pitung masjid ing sriharjo dhateng lebet saluran irigasi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kmc.tp.ugm.ac.id/2019/10/01/budaya-mapag-toya-sebagai-perwujudan-rasa-syukur/|title=Budaya Mapag Toya Sebagai Perwujudan Rasa Syukur – kmc.tp.ugm.ac.id|language=en-US|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tp.ugm.ac.id/id/rilis-berita/2018/1234-tradisi-mapag-toya-di-embung-potorono-bantul.html|title=Tradisi Mapag Toya di Embung Potorono Bantul|website=https://tp.ugm.ac.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-08}}</ref> Wonten ing warsa 2018 dipunwontenaken kegiatan mapag toya kanthi ageng-agengan. Bab puniki dipunamargikaken kegiatan puniki sesarengan kaliyan kegiatan pengetan ''Hari Air Dunia'' (dinten toya donya) ingkang ngiras perayaan ambal warsa kaping 5 ''[[Gerakan Irigasi Bersih]]'' (''GIB'') Merti Tirto Amartani. Kegiatan puniki dipunwontenaken dening ''Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Serayu Opak'' kaliyan [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]] (UGM). Acara kasebat dipunlampahaken ing dinten Ahad tanggal 25 Maret 2018 lan dipundugini pinten-pinten perwakilan saking instansi pamarintah lan UGM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/15937-tradisi-mapag-toya-di-embung-potorono-bantul/|title=Tradisi Mapag Toya di Embung Potorono Bantul - Universitas Gadjah Mada|last=Administrator|date=2018-03-26|language=id-ID|access-date=2023-10-07}}</ref> == Pranala luar == {{commons category|Embung Potorono}} * [https://pariwisata.bantulkab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Bantul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230613231330/https://pariwisata.bantulkab.go.id/ |date=2023-06-13 }} * [https://kec-banguntapan.bantulkab.go.id/ Situs Resmi Kapanéwon Banguntapan]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} === Referensi === <references /> [[Kategori:Tempat wisata di Bantul]] [[Kategori:Embung di Yogyakarta]] oe2ckq655ijaxmds232katm2bjs62rd 0 198841 1747570 1731988 2026-04-26T03:27:44Z Sdsecret 66712 1747570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox anthem|200px|alt_title=''Клятва''|sound=Anthem of Dagestan (Russian version).ogg|sound_title=Lagu Kabangsan Republik Dagestan}} '''Lagu kabangsan Republik Dagestan''' ( [[Basa Ruslan]] : '''''Гимн Республики Дагестан''''' ) utawa '''''Клятва''''' ( Sumpah (ing [[basa Indonésia]])) iku [[lagu kabangsan]] [[Dagestan|Republik Dagestan]], salah siji subyek fedheral [[Ruslan]] . Lirik asli (ing [[Basa Avar]]) dening Rasul Gamzatov lan lirik [[Basa Ruslan|Ruslan]] dumadi Nikolai Dorizo. Lagu iki diadopsi tanggal [[25 Fèbruari|25 Februari]] [[2016|2016,]] ngganti versi sebelum iki sing digunakake [[2003]] . == Lirik<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://grokipedia.com/page/state_anthem_of_dagestan|title=State Anthem of Dagestan|website=Grokipedia|language=en|access-date=2026-04-26}}</ref> == {{Lang|av|Гуро, гьитIинаб гьечIо, гьудулзаби, Дагъистан, Гьелъул борхалъиялде ваха гьедин абулев. Аххал тIогьода руго, тIогьал гIаздада руго. ГIатIидаб Каспиялда гуми лъедолел руго. ТIадегIанаб, ТIадегIанаб, гIагараб, МагIарулазул улка, Аваданаб Дагъистан. Йохъ, цо миллион гуро дагъистаниял ругел Дунялалда гIагарлъи гIунги тIокI буго нилъер МугIрул тIокIкIарал иццахъ океан зигардула Аваразул васазухъ ясал чанги угьдула. Гуро, гIамал кIудияб гIадамазул ватIан гьаб, Амма бетIер даличIо Дагъистаналъ лъиего Гьелъул ччорбалъ беролеб буго цIакъ машгьураб би Гьелъул каранлъ кьабгIелеб буго цIакъ кьварараб ракI.}} == Referensi == <references /> hyb2o5olgbfedfnek7rc1z5qt9bfkci 3 199226 1747566 1745495 2026-04-26T02:59:25Z Sdsecret 66712 /* Mars Wonogiri Sukses */ Mangsuli 1747566 wikitext text/x-wiki ==bahasa Cia Cia== Halo Sdsecret, Saya melihat permintaan Anda [[:meta:Requests_for_new_languages/Wikipedia_Cia-Cia|di sini]] untuk bahasa Cia cia. Apakah Anda penutur asli bahasa Cia Cia? --[[Naraguna:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:DaveZ123|rembugan]]) 22 Novèmber 2025 01.17 (UTC) :@[[Naraguna:Sdsecret|Sdsecret]] Tolong dijelaskan karena setelah saya mencari tahu di https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wp/cia/Main_Page ternyata baru memiliki 7 artikel dan memiliki segelintir kontributor yang berkontribusi di sana. Kalau anda diam saja proposalnya bisa di tolak komite bahasa loh [[Naraguna:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Badak Jawa|rembugan]]) 22 Novèmber 2025 07.50 (UTC) == Bukan penutur asli Bahasa Cia-Cia == [[Cia-Cia]] saya belum bisa bahasa Cia-Cia, soalnya gak ada kode bahasa lain untuk [[Bahasa Jawa]] [[Naraguna:Sdsecret|Sdsecret]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Sdsecret|rembugan]]) 26 Novèmber 2025 10.33 (UTC) Untuk DaveZ123 :@[[Naraguna:Sdsecret|Sdsecret]] lah kalau gitu ngapain ngajuin Wikipedia bahasa Cia-Cia ke komite bahasa? Emangnya anda sudah berkontribusi membuat apa saja di sana? [[Naraguna:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Badak Jawa|rembugan]]) 26 Novèmber 2025 11.16 (UTC) ::Saya sudah melihat akun [https://incubator.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Sdf ini] yang telah melakukan banyak kontribusi di Incubator. Apakah itu milik anda? Kalau iya, kenapa anda tidak menggunakan akun tersebut dan malah membuat beberapa akun baru? [[Pengguna:Badak_Jawa|<font style="color:#fff; #000;font-size: 13px;border:2px solid #000;background:#000;box-shadow:-2px 2px #fe2c55;">𝄃𝄃𝄂Badak𝄂𝄀𝄁𝄃</font>]] [[Pembicaraan Pengguna:Badak_Jawa|<font style="color:#fff;background:#000;">📩</font>]] 26 Novèmber 2025 15.00 (UTC) [[Naraguna:Badak Jawa|Badak Jawa]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Badak Jawa|rembugan]]) 26 Novèmber 2025 15.00 (UTC) == Aksara Pégon dalam Multiscript == [[Aksara Pégon]] tolong dipasang di templat Multiscript di [[Wikipédia basa Jawa|Wikipedia Bahasa Jawa]] [[Naraguna:Sdsecret|Sdsecret]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Sdsecret|rembugan]]) 26 Novèmber 2025 10.37 (UTC) == Mars Wonogiri Sukses == [[Mars Wonogiri Sukses]] ini tidak layak. Isinya hanya lirik saja dalam bahasa Indonesia. [[User:Meursault2004|Meursault2004]]^{[[User_talk:Meursault2004|ngobrol]]} 12 Maret 2026 06.35 (UTC) :Ya, soalnya informasinya jarang banget [[Naraguna:Sdsecret|Sdsecret]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Sdsecret|rembugan]]) 26 April 2026 02.59 (UTC) 95wqasrkd4yafwrsrvk1x9ngppwtia3 0 199833 1747559 1744108 2026-04-26T01:23:46Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 6 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1747559 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dina Banyu Sakdunya''' minangka pengetan internasional sing dipun adani saben tanggal 22 Maret kanggo ningkatake kesadaran global babagan pentinge banyu resik lan pengelolaan sumber daya banyu kanthi lestari. Pengetan iki didegake dening '''United Nations''' (Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa) sawisé Konferensi Bumi ing Rio de Janeiro taun 1992, sing luwih dikenal kanthi jeneng '''Earth Summit'''. Wiwit taun 1993, negara-negara anggota PBB rutin ngrayakake dina iki kanthi macem-macem kegiatan edukatif, kampanye lingkungan, seminar, lan aksi sosial sing gegayutan karo konservasi banyu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unwater.org/our-work/world-water-day|title=World Water Day|website=UN-Water|language=en|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> == Latar Wuri Historis == Gagasan babagan pengetan khusus kanggo banyu muncul amarga krisis banyu global sing saya ngrembaka. Ing abad kaping 20 lan 21, pertumbuhan populasi, industrialisasi, urbanisasi, lan perubahan iklim nyebabake tekanan gedhe marang sumber daya banyu tawar. Ing Konferensi Rio 1992, komunitas internasional sarujuk yen banyu minangka unsur pokok kanggo pembangunan lestari. Asilé, Majelis Umum PBB netepake tanggal 22 Maret minangka Hari Air Sedunia kanggo nambah perhatian marang krisis banyu lan ningkatake aksi kolektif.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/water-day/background?utm_source=chatgpt.com|title=World Water Day - Background|last=Nations|first=United|website=United Nations|language=en|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> Saben taun, Hari Air Sedunia ngangkat tema tartamtu. Tema-tema kasebut kalebu sanitasi, banyu kanggo pangan, banyu lan energi, banyu lan perubahan iklim, banyu lan perdamaian, nganti konservasi air tanah. Tema tahunan iki dirancang supaya negara-negara bisa fokus marang aspek krisis banyu sing beda-beda, gumantung marang tantangan global sing lagi diadhepi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/world-water-day-reminds-us-value-precious-resource?utm_source=chatgpt.com|title=World Water Day Reminds Us of the Value of a Precious Resource|last=Nations|first=United|website=United Nations|language=en|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> == Pentinge Banyu ing Kehidupan Manungsa == Banyu minangka unsur dhasar kanggo kelangsungan urip. Sakitar 60–70 persen awak manungsa kapérang saka banyu. Banyu nduweni fungsi fisiologis penting, kalebu ngatur suhu awak, ngangkut nutrisi, lan mbantu proses metabolisme. Tanpa akses marang banyu resik, risiko penyakit infeksi kayata diare, kolera, lan tifus bakal saya mundhak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/sulsel/berita/d-7835794/tanggal-22-maret-memperingati-apa-ada-hari-air-sedunia|title=Tanggal 22 Maret Memperingati Apa? Ada Hari Air Sedunia|last=Anggel|first=Rada Dhe|website=detiksulsel|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-02-19}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ing sektor pertanian, banyu dadi faktor utama produksi pangan. Sistem irigasi gumantung marang kasedhiyan banyu sing cukup. Kajaba iku, sektor industri lan energi uga mbutuhake banyu kanggo proses produksi lan pendinginan. Mula, kasedhiyan banyu ora mung masalah kesehatan, nanging uga ekonomi lan stabilitas sosial.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/sulsel/berita/d-7835794/tanggal-22-maret-memperingati-apa-ada-hari-air-sedunia|title=Tanggal 22 Maret Memperingati Apa? Ada Hari Air Sedunia|last=Anggel|first=Rada Dhe|website=detiksulsel|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-02-19}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Distribusi Sumber Daya Banyu Global == Sanajan bumi dikenal minangka “planet biru,” mung kurang luwih 2,5 persen banyu ing bumi sing kalebu banyu tawar. Saka jumlah kasebut, sebagian besar kasedhiya ing bentuk es lan gletser, utamane ing wilayah kutub lan pegunungan dhuwur. Banyu tawar sing gampang diakses manungsa mung sebagian cilik saka total kasebut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unwater.org/our-work/world-water-day|title=World Water Day|website=UN-Water|language=en|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> Distribusi banyu uga ora merata. Sawetara wilayah nduweni sumber banyu melimpah, déné wilayah liya ngalami kekeringan kronis. Perubahan iklim nambah ketimpangan iki liwat pola udan sing ora stabil lan frekuensi kekeringan sing saya mundhak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unwater.org/our-work/world-water-day|title=World Water Day|website=UN-Water|language=en|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> == Krisis Banyu lan Tantangan Global == Organisasi-organisasi internasional nglaporake yèn milyaran wong ing donya durung nduweni akses marang banyu minum sing aman. Krisis banyu ora mung kedadeyan ing negara berkembang, nanging uga ing negara maju sing ngalami over-eksploitasi sumber daya lan polusi. Polusi banyu dadi tantangan serius. Limbah industri, pertanian, lan domestik asring mlebu kali lan danau tanpa pengolahan sing memadai. Akibaté, kualitas banyu mudhun lan ekosistem perairan rusak. Mikroplastik lan bahan kimia berbahaya uga ditemokake ing akèh sumber banyu global. Kajaba iku, konflik sosial bisa muncul amarga rebutan sumber banyu. Ing sawetara wilayah, sungai lintas negara dadi sumber ketegangan politik. Pengelolaan banyu lintas batas mbutuhake kerjasama internasional sing adil lan lestari.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unwater.org/our-work/world-water-day|title=World Water Day|website=UN-Water|language=en|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> === Dina Banyu Sakdunya lan Tujuan Pembangunan Lestari === Dina Banyu Sakdunya gegayutan langsung karo Tujuan Pembangunan Lestari (Sustainable Development Goals/SDGs), utamane SDG 6 sing nargetake akses universal marang banyu resik lan sanitasi ing taun 2030. SDG 6 nyakup target ningkatake kualitas banyu, efisiensi panggunaan banyu, perlindungan ekosistem perairan, lan partisipasi masyarakat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unwater.org/our-work/world-water-day|title=World Water Day|website=UN-Water|language=en|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> Perayaan Hari Air Sedunia dadi momentum kanggo evaluasi kemajuan global marang target kasebut. Negara-negara diundang kanggo nglaporake kebijakan lan program sing wis dilaksanakake, uga tantangan sing diadhepi. Ing tingkat nasional, pemerintah asring nganakake seminar, kampanye hemat banyu, lan program penghijauan. Sekolah-sekolah melu nindakake kegiatan edukasi babagan konservasi banyu. Media massa nyebarake informasi babagan pentinge njaga sumber daya banyu. Ing tingkat lokal, masyarakat bisa melu kanthi cara sederhana, kayata ngirit panggunaan banyu, ndandani pipa bocor, nggunakaké teknologi irigasi tetes, lan ngolah limbah kanthi bener. Partisipasi komunitas dadi kunci sukses konservasi banyu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unwater.org/our-work/world-water-day|title=World Water Day|website=UN-Water|language=en|access-date=2026-02-19}}</ref> == Banyu lan Perubahan Iklim == Perubahan iklim nduweni pengaruh langsung marang siklus hidrologi. Suhu global sing mundhak nyebabake penguapan luwih dhuwur lan pola udan sing ora menentu. Banjir lan kekeringan dadi luwih ekstrem lan kerep. Dina Banyu Sakdunya kerep ngangkat tema adaptasi lan mitigasi perubahan iklim liwat pengelolaan banyu. Konservasi hutan, restorasi lahan basah, lan perlindungan daerah aliran sungai dadi strategi penting kanggo njaga ketersediaan banyu jangka panjang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/sulsel/berita/d-7835794/tanggal-22-maret-memperingati-apa-ada-hari-air-sedunia|title=Tanggal 22 Maret Memperingati Apa? Ada Hari Air Sedunia|last=Anggel|first=Rada Dhe|website=detiksulsel|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-02-19}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Peran Teknologi lan Inovasi == Kemajuan teknologi nyedhiyakake solusi inovatif kanggo masalah banyu. Desalinasi banyu laut, daur ulang limbah cair, lan sistem irigasi presisi dadi conto inovasi sing bisa ningkatake efisiensi panggunaan banyu. Nanging, implementasi teknologi kasebut mbutuhake investasi gedhe lan kebijakan pendukung.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/sulsel/berita/d-7835794/tanggal-22-maret-memperingati-apa-ada-hari-air-sedunia|title=Tanggal 22 Maret Memperingati Apa? Ada Hari Air Sedunia|last=Anggel|first=Rada Dhe|website=detiksulsel|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-02-19}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Digitalisasi uga mbantu monitoring kualitas lan distribusi banyu kanthi real-time. Sensor lan sistem data modern bisa ndeteksi kebocoran lan polusi luwih awal, saéngga penanganan bisa luwih cepet.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/sulsel/berita/d-7835794/tanggal-22-maret-memperingati-apa-ada-hari-air-sedunia|title=Tanggal 22 Maret Memperingati Apa? Ada Hari Air Sedunia|last=Anggel|first=Rada Dhe|website=detiksulsel|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-02-19}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Edukasi lan Kesadaran Publik == Salah siji tujuan utama Hari Air Sedunia yaiku ningkatake kesadaran publik. Edukasi babagan siklus banyu, pentingnya sanitasi, lan dampak polusi kudu diwenehake wiwit pendidikan dasar. Generasi enom diharap bisa dadi agen perubahan kanggo masa depan sing luwih lestari. Kampanye sosial liwat media digital uga dadi sarana efektif kanggo nyebarake pesan konservasi. Foto, video, lan infografis bisa nambah pemahaman masyarakat babagan kondisi nyata sumber daya banyu global. Dina Banyu Sakdunya minangka momentum global kanggo ngelingake manungsa yèn banyu minangka sumber daya sing ora bisa diganti lan kudu dijaga kanthi tanggung jawab. Krisis banyu global mbutuhake kerjasama lintas sektor lan lintas negara. Kanthi kombinasi kebijakan sing tepat, inovasi teknologi, lan partisipasi aktif masyarakat, kasedhiyan banyu resik lan aman bisa dijaga kanggo generasi saiki lan sing bakal teka. Pengetan iki ora mung simbolis, nanging uga minangka ajakan nyata kanggo tumindak. Banyu minangka sumber urip, lan ngreksa banyu tegese ngreksa masa depan umat manungsa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.detik.com/sulsel/berita/d-7835794/tanggal-22-maret-memperingati-apa-ada-hari-air-sedunia|title=Tanggal 22 Maret Memperingati Apa? Ada Hari Air Sedunia|last=Anggel|first=Rada Dhe|website=detiksulsel|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-02-19}}{{Pranala mati|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Rujukan == tlhxy4saou54hwgynm21v2t9kd7yybu 0 200186 1747576 1747527 2026-04-26T06:54:32Z Meursault2004 3 /* Film */ 1747576 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diane F. Botcher''' (lair tanggal 2 Juni 1959) iku aktris Wales. Dhèwèké tau main ing sawetara sinétron lan drama télévisi Britani, kalebu drama kumidhi [[Sky One|Sky]] ''[[Stella (seri TV Inggris)|Stella]]'', komedi [[BBC One|BBC]] ''[[Little Britain (seri TV)|Little Britain]]'' lan ''[[Tittybangbang]]'' lan drama periode [[ITV (saluran TV)|ITV]] ''[[Downton Abbey]]''. Ing taun 2018, dhèwèké gabung karo ''[[Casualty (seri TV)|Casualty]]'' minangka [[Jan Jenning]]. == Filmografi == ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taun ! Irah-irahan ! Paraga ! Cathetan |- | 1997 || ''[[Twin Town]]'' || Jean Lewis || |- | 2002 | ''[[All or Nothing (film)|All or Nothing]]'' || Supervisor || Cameo role |- |2002 |''Ant Muzak''|| Diana Fluck the Checkout Assistant || Short film |- | 2008 || ''Albert's Speech'' || Gloria || Short film |- | 2011 || ''[[Hunky Dory (film)|Hunky Dory]]'' || Viv's mum || |- | 2012 || ''[[The Gospel of Us]]'' || The Mother || Set in Botcher's birthplace |- | 2013 | ''[[Svengali (2013 film)|Svengali]]'' || Mrs Cooper || |- | 2013 | ''[[One Chance (film)|One Chance]]'' || Nurse || Cameo role |- | 2015 || ''[[Under Milk Wood (2015 film)|Under Milk Wood]]'' || Mrs Dai Bread Two || |- | 2020 | ''[[Dream Horse]]'' || Nerys || Syndicate member| |- | 2021 | ''La Cha Cha'' || Mrs. Fruitcake || |- |} ===Télévisi=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable" | Notes |- | 1986 || ''[[Screen Two]]'' || Officer Kyle || Series 2, Episode 2 |- | 1987 || ''[[The District Nurse]]'' || Eirlys Prosser || Series 3, Episode 6 |- | 1993, 1997 ||''[[The Bill]]'' || Mrs. Oakes/Mrs. Edwards || 2 episodes |- | 1997 || ''Harpur and Iles'' || Jane Mellick || Television film |- | 1999 | ''[[Sunburn (TV series)|Sunburn]]'' || Wendy's mum || Series 1, Episode 3 |- |1999 | ''[[Kavanagh QC]]'' || Tilly Burgess || Series 5, Episode 2 |- |1999 |''Rhinoceros''|| Megan Jones || Television film |- | 2001 | ''[[Fun at the Funeral Parlour]]'' || Edith || Series 1, Episode 4 |- |2001 | ''[[People Like Us (mockumentary)|People Like Us]]'' || Frances Churchfield || Series 2, Episode 6 |- |2001 | ''[[The Armando Iannucci Shows]]'' || Tinaturnerogram || 2 episodes |- |2001 | ''[['Orrible]]'' || Di Clark || Recurring character |- | 2002 | ''[[Casualty (TV series)|Casualty]]'' || Louise Templeton || Series 16, Episode 26 |- |2002 | ''[[Tipping the Velvet (TV series)|Tipping the Velvet]]'' || Woman with Cigar || 2 episodes |- |2002 | ''[[Cruise of the Gods]]'' || Mrs. Hatcher || Television film |- | 2002–2008 ||''[[High Hopes (Welsh TV series)|High Hopes]]'' || Mrs. Coles || Recurring character; 20 episodes |- | 2003–2005 ||''[[Little Britain (TV series)|Little Britain]]'' || Marion/Meals on Wheels Lady || 6 episodes |- | 2003–2009 ||''[[Belonging (TV series)|Belonging]]'' || Vanessa || Recurring character |- | 2004 || ''[[Green Wing]]'' || Catering Manager || Series 1, Episode 3 |- | 2005 | ''[[All About George]]'' || Dorothy Mickens || Episode 1 |- |2005 | ''[[The Thick of It]]'' || Pauline McKendrick, Piss Woman || [[List of The Thick of It episodes#Series 2 (2005)|Series 2, Episode 1]] |- |2005 | ''[[Bleak House (2005 TV serial)|Bleak House]]'' || Mrs. Woodcourt || 2 episodes |- | 2006–2007 ||''[[Tittybangbang]]'' || Various characters || 5 episodes |- | 2006–2008 ||''[[Pulling (TV series)|Pulling]]'' || Margaret || Recurring character |- | 2007 | ''[[Ideal (TV series)|Ideal]]'' || Nicki's mum || Voice only |- |2007 | ''[[Hotel Babylon (BBC series)|Hotel Babylon]]'' || Myra Walmesley || Series 2, Episode 8 |- |2007 | ''[[Murphy's Law (British TV series)|Murphy's Law]]'' || Brothel Madam || 2 episodes |- |2007 | ''[[After You've Gone (TV series)|After You've Gone]]'' || Sheila || Series 2, Episode 5 |- | 2008 | ''[[Coming of Age (2008 TV series)|Coming of Age]]'' || Ollie's mum || Series 1, Episode 5 |- |2008 | ''[[Dustbin Baby (film)|Dustbin Baby]]'' || Pat || Television film |- | 2008–2009 ||''[[Katy Brand's Big Ass Show]]'' || Various characters || 5 episodes |- | 2008, 2010, 2012 ||''[[Doctors (2000 TV series)|Doctors]]'' || Sharon Bretherton/Linda Bolton/Dorit Simpson || 3 episodes |- | 2009 | ''[[No Signal!]]'' || Various characters || Series 1, Episode 9 |- |2009 | ''[[Collision (TV series)|Collision]]'' || Mrs. Whitfield || 2 episodes |- | 2010 | ''[[Lennon Naked]]'' || Dot || Television film |- |2010 | ''[[Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]'' || Connie Prince || Episode: "[[The Great Game (Sherlock)|The Great Game]]" |- |2010 | ''[[Coming Up (TV series)|Coming Up]]'' || Bernadette || Series 8, Episode 4 |- | 2011 | ''[[Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series)|Come Fly with Me]]'' || Mrs. Talbot || Episode 2 |- |2011 |''Shirley''|| Mrs. Morrison || Television film about [[Dame Shirley Bassey]] |- |2011 | ''[[DCI Banks]]'' || Grace || Series 2, Episode 3 |- | 2012 || ''[[Mr Stink (film)|Mr Stink]]'' || A woman with a question || Television film |- | 2013 || ''[[Downton Abbey]]'' || Nanny West || Series 4, Episode 1 |- | 2013–2017||''[[Stella (British TV series)|Stella]]'' || Aunty Brenda || Main role |- | 2014 | ''[[Inside No. 9]]'' || Jean || Episode: "[[The Understudy (Inside No. 9)|The Understudy]]" |- |2014 |''Under Milk Wood''|| Mrs. Dai Bread One || Television film |- | 2015 || ''[[Coronation Street]]'' || Debbie Allinson || 2 episodes |- |2015 || ''Top Coppers'' || Sandra || |- |2015 | ''[[High Hopes (Welsh TV series)|High Hopes]]'' || Mrs Coles | |- | 2018–present ||''[[Casualty (TV series)|Casualty]]'' ||[[Jan Jenning]] || Main role |- | 2018–2021 || ''[[In My Skin (TV series)|In My Skin]]'' || Nana Margie || Main role |} == Réferènsi== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Botcher, Diane}} [[Kategori:Lair 1959]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Downton Abbey]] 9ak4crbgl0iy98xqfvsun47a5bbxir4 1747577 1747576 2026-04-26T06:55:00Z Meursault2004 3 /* Télévisi */ 1747577 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diane F. Botcher''' (lair tanggal 2 Juni 1959) iku aktris Wales. Dhèwèké tau main ing sawetara sinétron lan drama télévisi Britani, kalebu drama kumidhi [[Sky One|Sky]] ''[[Stella (seri TV Inggris)|Stella]]'', komedi [[BBC One|BBC]] ''[[Little Britain (seri TV)|Little Britain]]'' lan ''[[Tittybangbang]]'' lan drama periode [[ITV (saluran TV)|ITV]] ''[[Downton Abbey]]''. Ing taun 2018, dhèwèké gabung karo ''[[Casualty (seri TV)|Casualty]]'' minangka [[Jan Jenning]]. == Filmografi == ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taun ! Irah-irahan ! Paraga ! Cathetan |- | 1997 || ''[[Twin Town]]'' || Jean Lewis || |- | 2002 | ''[[All or Nothing (film)|All or Nothing]]'' || Supervisor || Cameo role |- |2002 |''Ant Muzak''|| Diana Fluck the Checkout Assistant || Short film |- | 2008 || ''Albert's Speech'' || Gloria || Short film |- | 2011 || ''[[Hunky Dory (film)|Hunky Dory]]'' || Viv's mum || |- | 2012 || ''[[The Gospel of Us]]'' || The Mother || Set in Botcher's birthplace |- | 2013 | ''[[Svengali (2013 film)|Svengali]]'' || Mrs Cooper || |- | 2013 | ''[[One Chance (film)|One Chance]]'' || Nurse || Cameo role |- | 2015 || ''[[Under Milk Wood (2015 film)|Under Milk Wood]]'' || Mrs Dai Bread Two || |- | 2020 | ''[[Dream Horse]]'' || Nerys || Syndicate member| |- | 2021 | ''La Cha Cha'' || Mrs. Fruitcake || |- |} ===Télévisi=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Taun ! Irah-irahan ! Paraga ! class="unsortable" | Cathetan |- | 1986 || ''[[Screen Two]]'' || Officer Kyle || Series 2, Episode 2 |- | 1987 || ''[[The District Nurse]]'' || Eirlys Prosser || Series 3, Episode 6 |- | 1993, 1997 ||''[[The Bill]]'' || Mrs. Oakes/Mrs. Edwards || 2 episodes |- | 1997 || ''Harpur and Iles'' || Jane Mellick || Television film |- | 1999 | ''[[Sunburn (TV series)|Sunburn]]'' || Wendy's mum || Series 1, Episode 3 |- |1999 | ''[[Kavanagh QC]]'' || Tilly Burgess || Series 5, Episode 2 |- |1999 |''Rhinoceros''|| Megan Jones || Television film |- | 2001 | ''[[Fun at the Funeral Parlour]]'' || Edith || Series 1, Episode 4 |- |2001 | ''[[People Like Us (mockumentary)|People Like Us]]'' || Frances Churchfield || Series 2, Episode 6 |- |2001 | ''[[The Armando Iannucci Shows]]'' || Tinaturnerogram || 2 episodes |- |2001 | ''[['Orrible]]'' || Di Clark || Recurring character |- | 2002 | ''[[Casualty (TV series)|Casualty]]'' || Louise Templeton || Series 16, Episode 26 |- |2002 | ''[[Tipping the Velvet (TV series)|Tipping the Velvet]]'' || Woman with Cigar || 2 episodes |- |2002 | ''[[Cruise of the Gods]]'' || Mrs. Hatcher || Television film |- | 2002–2008 ||''[[High Hopes (Welsh TV series)|High Hopes]]'' || Mrs. Coles || Recurring character; 20 episodes |- | 2003–2005 ||''[[Little Britain (TV series)|Little Britain]]'' || Marion/Meals on Wheels Lady || 6 episodes |- | 2003–2009 ||''[[Belonging (TV series)|Belonging]]'' || Vanessa || Recurring character |- | 2004 || ''[[Green Wing]]'' || Catering Manager || Series 1, Episode 3 |- | 2005 | ''[[All About George]]'' || Dorothy Mickens || Episode 1 |- |2005 | ''[[The Thick of It]]'' || Pauline McKendrick, Piss Woman || [[List of The Thick of It episodes#Series 2 (2005)|Series 2, Episode 1]] |- |2005 | ''[[Bleak House (2005 TV serial)|Bleak House]]'' || Mrs. Woodcourt || 2 episodes |- | 2006–2007 ||''[[Tittybangbang]]'' || Various characters || 5 episodes |- | 2006–2008 ||''[[Pulling (TV series)|Pulling]]'' || Margaret || Recurring character |- | 2007 | ''[[Ideal (TV series)|Ideal]]'' || Nicki's mum || Voice only |- |2007 | ''[[Hotel Babylon (BBC series)|Hotel Babylon]]'' || Myra Walmesley || Series 2, Episode 8 |- |2007 | ''[[Murphy's Law (British TV series)|Murphy's Law]]'' || Brothel Madam || 2 episodes |- |2007 | ''[[After You've Gone (TV series)|After You've Gone]]'' || Sheila || Series 2, Episode 5 |- | 2008 | ''[[Coming of Age (2008 TV series)|Coming of Age]]'' || Ollie's mum || Series 1, Episode 5 |- |2008 | ''[[Dustbin Baby (film)|Dustbin Baby]]'' || Pat || Television film |- | 2008–2009 ||''[[Katy Brand's Big Ass Show]]'' || Various characters || 5 episodes |- | 2008, 2010, 2012 ||''[[Doctors (2000 TV series)|Doctors]]'' || Sharon Bretherton/Linda Bolton/Dorit Simpson || 3 episodes |- | 2009 | ''[[No Signal!]]'' || Various characters || Series 1, Episode 9 |- |2009 | ''[[Collision (TV series)|Collision]]'' || Mrs. Whitfield || 2 episodes |- | 2010 | ''[[Lennon Naked]]'' || Dot || Television film |- |2010 | ''[[Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]'' || Connie Prince || Episode: "[[The Great Game (Sherlock)|The Great Game]]" |- |2010 | ''[[Coming Up (TV series)|Coming Up]]'' || Bernadette || Series 8, Episode 4 |- | 2011 | ''[[Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series)|Come Fly with Me]]'' || Mrs. Talbot || Episode 2 |- |2011 |''Shirley''|| Mrs. Morrison || Television film about [[Dame Shirley Bassey]] |- |2011 | ''[[DCI Banks]]'' || Grace || Series 2, Episode 3 |- | 2012 || ''[[Mr Stink (film)|Mr Stink]]'' || A woman with a question || Television film |- | 2013 || ''[[Downton Abbey]]'' || Nanny West || Series 4, Episode 1 |- | 2013–2017||''[[Stella (British TV series)|Stella]]'' || Aunty Brenda || Main role |- | 2014 | ''[[Inside No. 9]]'' || Jean || Episode: "[[The Understudy (Inside No. 9)|The Understudy]]" |- |2014 |''Under Milk Wood''|| Mrs. Dai Bread One || Television film |- | 2015 || ''[[Coronation Street]]'' || Debbie Allinson || 2 episodes |- |2015 || ''Top Coppers'' || Sandra || |- |2015 | ''[[High Hopes (Welsh TV series)|High Hopes]]'' || Mrs Coles | |- | 2018–present ||''[[Casualty (TV series)|Casualty]]'' ||[[Jan Jenning]] || Main role |- | 2018–2021 || ''[[In My Skin (TV series)|In My Skin]]'' || Nana Margie || Main role |} == Réferènsi== {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Botcher, Diane}} [[Kategori:Lair 1959]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] [[Kategori:Paraga Downton Abbey]] hqixwpe2r74y0v2em7rjhsy8copm3ck 0 200189 1747569 2026-04-26T03:25:44Z Sdsecret 66712 Ngeneraké kaca menyang [[Lagu kabangsan Republik Dagestan]] 1747569 wikitext text/x-wiki #ALIH [[Lagu kabangsan Republik Dagestan]] bg67koukv8kt5iz5hp6m2ubldx597tm 3 200190 1747579 2026-04-26T07:13:49Z Meursault2004 3 Sugeng rawuh 1747579 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">Sugeng rawuh, Mainglück!</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> ꧌ꦱꦸꦒꦼꦁꦫꦮꦸꦃꦲꦶꦁꦮꦶꦏꦶꦥꦺꦝꦶꦪꦃꦗꦮ꧍[[Kategori:Wikipédiawan sing mlebu ing wulan April 2026]] </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#e7e7e7; padding: 10px; padding-left: 20px; "> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"> <div style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[File:HelpPage IconPack-03.png|51px|alt=|link=]] Miwiti</div> <div style="padding-left: 51px; margin-top: -15px;"> * Wacanana kaca <u>'''[[Wikipedia:Prakawis|Pambukané Wikipédia]]'''</u> dhisik. * Wacanana uga '''[[Pitulung:Isi|katerangan bab carané urun ing Wikipédia]]'''.{{#ifexist:Naraguna:Mainglück|| * Isènana uga profilé panjenengan ing [{{fullurl:Naraguna:Mainglück|action=edit&preload=Cithakan:Sugeng-rawuh}}&editintro=Cithakan:Sugeng-rawuh Naraguna:Mainglück], minangka kaca kang nepungaké panjenengan supaya kita bisa tepung panjenengan.}} * Wacanana uga [[Wikipedia:Aturan sing diringkes|aturan kang karingkes iki]] sadurungé mbacutaké. </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"> <div style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[File:HelpPage IconPack-05.png|51px|alt=|link=]] Pituduh</div> <div style="padding-left: 51px; margin-top: -15px;"> * [[Pitulung:Tapak tangan|Tansah tandha-tangani]] pitakoné panjenengan manawa nulis ing [[Wikipedia:Angkringan|Angkringan]] utawa ing [[Wikipedia:Kaca parembugan|parembugan]] kanthi ngetik <code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code> ing pungkasané ukarané panjenengan. * [[Wikipedia:Aja kasusahan déning aturan|'''''Aja wedi!''''']] Panjenengan ora perlu wedi salah nalika mbesut utawa nggawé kaca anyar, nambah utawa nyuda ukara. </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 20px; "> <div> '''Mangga jajal-jajalana''', kita ngantu-antu pasumbang kawruhé panjenengan ing Wikipédia Jawa iki! </div> <div style="font-style: italic; font-size: 90%"> '''Welcome!''' If you do not understand Javanese, you may want to visit [[Wikipedia:Kacarakan|the embassy]] or [[Wikipedia:Babel/jv-0|find users who speak your language]]. Happy editing! </div> [[User:Meursault2004|Meursault2004]]^{[[User_talk:Meursault2004|ngobrol]]} 26 April 2026 07.13 (UTC) </div> </div> </div> 28q7z2dn2os7f39saufsdym1mpkpohy 0 200191 1747582 2026-04-26T08:45:01Z Meursault2004 3 Rintisan saka [[:en:Stephen Critchlow|]] 1747582 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inuse}} '''Stephen Critchlow''' (1966-2021) iku aktor Britani. [[Kategori:Lair 1966]] [[Kategori:Pati 2021]] ozo9uqe4v9am52c22o40fc5u6l2elux 1747583 1747582 2026-04-26T08:50:25Z Meursault2004 3 sithik 1747583 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inuse}} '''Stephen Critchlow''' (22 Novèmber 1966 – 19 Sèptèmber 2021) iku aktor Britani.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestage.co.uk/obituaries--archive/obituaries/stephen-critchlow-voice-actor-bbc-radio-drama-company-final-fantasy-doctor-who-unsinkable|title=Obituary: Stephen Critchlow – Prolific voice, stage and screen actor|website=The Stage|access-date=13 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.funeralguide.co.uk/obituaries/92949|title=Click here to view Stephen's obituary|date=23 January 2022|website=Funeralguide.co.uk|access-date=13 August 2023}}</ref> == Réferènsi == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Lair 1966]] [[Kategori:Pati 2021]] 1fzaji45xdz1if0is84yr4llkzijzy6