Tata Surya

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      <text bytes="80341" sha1="cptdoxvan2m8rou8fvg1vy7k14qupup" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Solar System true color.jpg|right|upright=1.5|thumb|Gambaran umum Tata Surya (ukuran planit digambaraké saklaras ing skala, sauntara leté ora): [[Srengéngé]], [[Merkurius]], [[Venus]], [[Bumi]], [[Mars]], [[Ceres]], [[Yupiter]], [[Saturnus]], [[Uranus]], [[Neptunus]], [[Pluto]], [[Haumea]], [[Makemake]] lan [[Eris]].]]
&lt;!--{{Spoken Wikipedia|Tata Surya.ogg|2010-09-10}}--&gt;

'''Tata Surya'''{{Ref label|A|a|none}} ana ing galaksi [[Bimasekti]] iku golongan barang langit kang kawangun saka sawijining [[lintang]] kang diarani [[Srengéngé]] lan kabèh objèk kang kraket déning gaya [[gravitasi]]né. Objèk-objèk mau kalebu wolung [[planit]] kang wis kauninga kanthi orbit awujud [[elips]], limang [[planit cilik]], 173 [[satelit alami]] kang wis kaidhèntifikasi{{Ref label|B|b|none}}, lan mayuta-yuta barang langit ([[meteor]], [[asteroid]], [[komet]]) liyané.

Tata Surya kawangun saka Srengéngé, patang [[#Planit-planit pérangan njero|planit pérangan njero]], [[#Sabuk asteroid|sabuk asteroid]], patang [[#Planit-planit njaba|planit pérangan njaba]], lan ing pérangan paling njaba yaiku [[#Sabuk Kuiper|Sabuk Kuiper]] lan [[#Piringan kasebar|piringan kasebar]]. [[#Awan Oort|Awan Oort]] diprakirakaké ana ing [[#laladan paling adoh|laladan paling adoh]] kang leté watara kaping sèwu ing njaba pérangan kang paling njaba.

Adhedhasar leté saka Srengéngé, wolung planit Tata Surya yaiku [[Merkurius]] utawa ''Buda'' (57,9 yuta [[km]]), [[Venus]] utawa ''Sukra'' (108 yuta km), [[Bumi]] (150 yuta km), [[Mars]] utawa ''Anggara'' (228 yuta km), [[Yupiter]] utawa ''Wrehaspati'' (779 yuta km), [[Saturnus]] utawa ''Saniscara'' (1.430 yuta km), [[Uranus]] (2.880 yuta km), lan [[Neptunus]] (4.500 yuta km). Wiwit madyaning [[2008]], ana limang objèk akasa kang kaklasifikasikaké minangka [[planit cilik]]. Orbit planit-planit cilik, kajaba Ceres, ana luwih adoh saka Neptunus. Limang planit cilik mau yaiku [[Ceres]] (415 yuta km ing sabuk asteroid; biyèné kaklasifikasikaké minangka planit kalima), [[Pluto]] (5.906 yuta km.; biyèné kaklasifikasikaké minangka planit kasanga), [[Haumea]] (6.450 yuta km), [[Makemake]] (6.850 yuta km), lan [[Eris]] (10.100 yuta km).

Enem saka wolung planit lan telu saka limang planit cilik iku diubengi déning [[satelit alami]]. Saben planit pérangan njaba diubengi déning [[cincin planit]] kang kawangun saka awu lan partikel liyané.

== Asal usul ==

Akèh hipotèsis ngenani asal usul Tata Surya wis ditélakaké para ahli, sapérangan ing antarané yaiku:

[[Gambar:Pierre-Simon Laplace.jpg|thumb|upright|Pierre-Simon Laplace, pandhukung Hipotesis Nebula]]
[[Gambar:GerardKuiper.jpg|thumb|upright|Gerard Kuiper, pandhukung Hipotesis Kondènsasi]]
;Hipotesis Nebula
Hipotesis nébula pisanan ditélakaké déning [[Emanuel Swedenborg]] ([[1688]]-[[1772]])&lt;ref&gt;Swedenborg, Emanuel. 1734, (Principia) Latin: Opera Philosophica et Mineralia (English: Philosophical and Mineralogical Works), (Principia, Volume 1)&lt;/ref&gt; taun [[1734]] lan disampurnakaké déning [[Immanuel Kant]] ([[1724]]-[[1804]]) nalika taun [[1775]]. Hipotesis sarupa uga dikembangaké déning [[Pierre Marquis de Laplace]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |year=1909| title= The Past History of the Earth as Inferred from the Mode of Formation of the Solar System| journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society | volume=48 | pages=119 | author=See, T. J. J. | url=http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0003-049X%28190901%2F04%2948%3A191%3C119%3ATPHOTE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-U&amp;size=LARGE | accessdate=2006-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; kanthi indepènden nalika taun [[1796]]. Hipotesis iki, kang luwih ditepungi kanthi Hipotesis Nebula Kant-Laplace, nyebutaké yèn ing taap awal, Tata Surya isih wujud kabut raseksa. Kabut iki kawangun saka [[lebu]], [[ès]], lan [[gas]] kang diarani [[nébula]], lan unsur gas kang sapérangan gedhé [[hidrogen]]. Gaya gravitasi kang diduwèni njalari kabut iku nyusut lan mubeng kanthi arah tinentu, suhu kabut saya panas, lan akiré dadi lintang raseksa (srengéngé). Srengéngé raseksa terus nyusut lan mubeng tansaya rikat, lan cincin-cincin gas lan ès kalontar menyang saubengé Srengéngé. Akibat [[gaya]] [[gravitasi]], gas-gas mau saya padhet sairing karo pamudhunan suhuné lan minangka [[planit njero]] lan [[planit njaba]]. Laplace duwé pendhapat yèn orbit awangun mèh mbunder saka planit-planit wujud konsekuènsi saka pambentukané.&lt;ref name=history&gt;{{cite journal|title=The Solar System: Its Origin and Evolution|author=M. M. Woolfson&lt;!-- [[Kategori:CS1 errors: redundant parameter‎]]|work=Physics Department, University of New York--&gt;|journal=Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=34|pages=1–20|year=1993|url=http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1993QJRAS..34....1W&amp;db_key=AST&amp;page_ind=0&amp;data_type=GIF&amp;type=SCREEN_VIEW&amp;classic=YES
|accessdate=2008-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Hipotesis Planètisimal
Hipotesis planètisimal pisanan ditélakaké déning [[Thomas C. Chamberlin]] lan [[Forest R. Moulton]] nalika taun [[1900]]. Hipotesis planètisimal nélakaké yèn Tata Surya awaké dhéwé kawangun akibat anané lintang liya kang liwat cukup cerak karo Srengéngé, nalika mangsa awal pambentukan Srengéngé. Kacerakan mau njalari dumadiné tonjolan ing lumahing Srengéngé, lan bebarengan prosès internal Srengéngé, narik matèri bola-bali saka Srengéngé. Èfèk gravitasi lintang ngakibataké kawanguné loro lengen spiral kang ndawa saka Srengéngé. Sauntara sapérangan gedhé matèri katarik manèh, sapérangan liya bakal tetep ing orbit, saya adhem lan saya padhet, lan dadi barang-barang kanthi ukuran cilik kang diarani [[planètisimal]] lan sapérangan kang gedhé minangka [[protoplanèt]]. Objèk-objèk mau silih tabrakan lan minangka planit lan rembulan, sauntara sisa-sisa matèri liyané dadi komèt lan astéroid.

;Hipotesis Pasang Surut Lintang
Hipotesis pasang surut lintang pisanan ditélakaké déning [[James Jeans]] nalika taun [[1917]]. Planit dianggep kawangun amarga nyeraké lintang liya menyang Srengéngé. Kaanan kang mèh silih tabrakan njalari katariké sapérangan gedhé matèri saka Srengéngé lan lintang liya mau déning [[gaya]] [[pasang surut]] kekaroné, kang banjur kakondhènsasi dadi planit.&lt;ref name=history /&gt; Nanging astronom [[Harold Jeffreys]] taun 1929 mbantah yèn tabrakan kang kaya mangkono iku mèh ora mungkin dumadi.&lt;ref name=history/&gt; Mangkono uga astronom [[Henry Norris Russell]] nélakaké kaabotané marang hipotèsis mau.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Benjamin Crowell|title=Conservation Laws|publisher=lightandmatter.com|year=1998-2006|chapter=5|url=http://www.lightandmatter.com/html_books/2cl/ch05/ch05.html|access-date=2012-07-11|archive-date=2010-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214161609/http://lightandmatter.com/html_books/2cl/ch05/ch05.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

;Hipotesis Kondhènsasi
Hipotesis kondhènsasi awalé ditélakaké déning astronom Walanda kang jenengé [[G.P. Kuiper]] ([[1905]]-[[1973]]) nalika taun [[1950]]. Hipotesis kondhènsasi njelasaké yèn Tata Surya kawangun saka bal kabut raseksa kang mubeng minangka cakram raseksa.

;Hipotesis Lintang Kembar
Hipotesis lintang kembar awalé ditélakaké déning [[Fred Hoyle]] ([[1915]]-[[2001]]) nalika taun [[1956]]. Hipotesis nélakaké yèn biyèné Tata Surya awaké dhéwé wujud loro lintang kang mèh padha ukurané lan silih cerak kang salah sijiné njeblug ninggal serpihan-serpihan cilik. Serpihan iku kaprangkep déning gravitasi lintang kang ora njeblug lan wiwit ngupengi lintang iku.

== Sajarah panemon ==
[[Gambar:De Revolutionibus manuscript p9b.jpg|thumb|right|Modhèl heliosentris sajeroning [[manuskrip]] [[Nicolaus Copernicus|Copernicus]].]]

Lima [[planit]] paling cerak menyang Srengéngé saliyané [[Bumi]] ([[Merkurius]], [[Venus]], [[Mars]], [[Yupiter]] lan [[Saturnus]]) wis ditepungi wiwit jaman biyèn amarga kabèh bisa dideleng kanthi mata langsung. Akèh bangsa ing donya iki duwé [[Planit#Sajarah jeneng-jeneng planit|jeneng dhéwé kanggo saben planit]].

Perkembangan èlmu pengetauan lan tèknologi pangamatan ing limang abad kapungkur nggawa manungsa kanggo mahami barang-barang langit kabébas saka slubung mitologi. [[Galileo Galilei]] (1564-1642) kanthi [[teleskop]] refraktoré bisa ndadèkaké mata manungsa &quot;luwih tajem&quot; sajeroning ngamati barang langit kang ora bisa diamati lumantar mata langsung.

Amarga teleskop Galileo bisa ngamati luwih tajem, dhèwèké bisa ndeleng manéka owah-owahan wangun kekatonan [[Venus]], kaya déné Venus Sabit utawa Venus Purnama minangka akibat owah-owahan posisi Venus tumrap Srengéngé. Panalaran Venus ngiteri Srengéngé saya nguwataké téyori [[heliosentris]], yaiku yèn Srengéngé iku punjer alam samesta, dudu Bumi, kang sadurungé digagas déning [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] (1473-1543). Susunan heliosentris yaiku Srengéngé dikupengi déning [[Merkurius]] tekan [[Saturnus]].

Teleskop Galileo terus disampurnakaké déning èlmuwan liya kaya déné [[Christian Huygens]] (1629-1695) kang nemu [[Titan]], satelit Saturnus, kang ana mèh kaping 2 let orbit [[Bumi]]-[[Yupiter]].

Perkembangan teleskop uga diimbangi uga déning perkembangan pangétungan obah barang-barang langit lan gegandhèngan siji karo liyané lumantar [[Johannes Kepler]] (1571-1630) kanthi [[Hukum Kepler]]. Lan puncaké, [[Sir Isaac Newton]] (1642-1727) kanthi [[ukum gravitasi]]. Kanthi loro téyori pangétungan iki kang mungkinaké panggolèkan lan pangétungan barang-barang langit sabanjuré.

Nalika taun [[1781]], [[William Herschel]] (1738-1822) nemu [[Uranus]]. Pangétungan tliti orbit Uranus nyimpulaké yèn planit iki ana kang ngganggu. [[Neptunus]] tinemu nalika sasi Agustus [[1846]]. Panemon Neptunus pranyata ora cukup njelasaké gangguan orbit Uranus. [[Pluto]] banjur tinemu taun [[1930]].

Nalika Pluto tinemu, Pluto mung dikawruhi minangka siji-sijiné objèk ngangkasa kang ana sawisé Neptunus. Banjur nalika taun 1978, [[Charon (satelit)|Charon]], satelit kang ngupengi Pluto tinemu, sadurungé sempat dikira minangka planit kang sabeneré amarga ukurané ora béda adoh karo Pluto.

Para astronom banjur nemu watara 1.000 objèk cilik liyané kang papané ngliwati Neptunus (diarani [[objèk trans-Neptunus]]), kang uga ngupengi Srengéngé. Ing kana mungkin ana watara 100.000 objèk sakrupa kang ditepungi minangka Objèk [[Sabuk Kuiper]] (Sabuk Kuiper yaiku péranganing objèk-objèk trans-Neptunus). Welasan barang langit kalebu sajeroning Objèk Sabuk Kuiper ing antarané [[Quaoar]] (1.250&amp;nbsp;km ing sasi Juni 2002), [[Huya]] (750&amp;nbsp;km ing sasi Maret 2000), [[Sedna]] (1.800&amp;nbsp;km ing sasi Maret 2004), [[Orcus]], [[Vesta]], [[2 Pallas|Pallas]], [[Hygiea]], [[20000 Varuna|Varuna]], lan [[Haumea (planit cilik)|{{mp|2003 EL|61}}]] (1.500&amp;nbsp;km ing sasi Mèi 2004).

Panemon {{mp|2003 EL|61}} cukup njalari héboh amarga Objèk Sabuk Kuiper iki dikawruhi uga nduwé satelit ing sasi Januari 2005 sanadyan kanthi ukuran luwih cilik saka Pluto. Lan puncaké yaiku panemon [[Eris (planit)|Eris]] (2.700&amp;nbsp;km ing sasi Oktober 2003). Saliyané luwih gedhé saka Pluto, objèk iki uga nduwé satelit.

== Struktur ==
[[Gambar:Masses of the planets en.svg|thumb|right|Pambandhing rélatif massa planit. Yupiter iku 71% saka total lan Saturnus 21%. Merkurius lan Mars, kang total bebarengan mung kurang saka 0.1% ora katon sajeroning diagram ing ndhuwur.]]
[[Gambar:Oort cloud Sedna orbit-de.svg|thumb|right|Orbit-orbit Tata Surya kanthi skala kang sabeneré]]
[[Gambar:Planetoid 90377 sedna animation location.gif|thumb|right|Illustrasi skala]]

Komponèn utama sistem Tata Surya yaiku [[srengéngé]], sawijining [[lintang]] [[dhèrèt utama]] kelas G2 kang ngandhut 99,86 persèn massa saka sistem lan ndhominasi kabèh kanthi gaya gravitasiné.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=M Woolfson |title=The origin and evolution of the solar system |doi= 10.1046/j.1468-4004.2000.00012.x |year=2000 |journal=Astronomy &amp; Geophysics |volume=41 |pages=1.12}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Yupiter]] lan [[Saturnus]], loro komponèn gedhé dhéwé kang ngideri Srengéngé, nyakup kira-kira 90 persèn massa saluwihé.{{Ref label|C|c|none}}

Mèh kabèh objèk-objèk gedhé kang ngorbit Srengéngé ana ing babagan édharan [[bumi]], kang lumrahé dijenengi [[èkliptika]]. Kabèh [[planit]] manggon cedhak banget karo èkliptika, sauntara komèt lan objèk-objèk sabuk Kuiper lumrahé duwé béda pojokan kang gedhé banget dibandhingaké èkliptika.

Planit-planit lan objèk-objèk Tata Surya uga ngorbit ngupengi Srengéngé lawan arah jarum jam yèn dideleng saka ndhuwur kutub lor Srengéngé, kajaba [[Komèt Halley]].

[[Hukum Kepler|Hukum Gerakan Planit Kepler]] njabaraké yèn orbit saka objèk-objèk Tata Surya saubengé Srengéngé obah kanthi wangun èlips kanthi Srengéngé minangka salah siji titik fokusé. Objèk kang leté luwih cerak saka Srengéngé (sumbu ''sèmi-mayor''-é luwih cilik) duwé taun wektu kang luwih cendhak. Ing orbit èlips, let antarané objèk karo Srengéngé manéka variasi sakdawané taun. Let paling cerak antarané objèk karo Srengéngé dijenengi [[perihelion]], sauntara let paling adoh saka Srengéngé dijenengi [[aphelion]]. Kabèh objèk Tata Surya obah paling rikat ing titik perihelion lan paling alon ing titik aphelion. Orbit planit-planit bisa diarani mèh awangun bunderan, éwadéné komèt, asteroid lan objèk sabuk Kuiper akèh-akèhé orbité awangun [[èlips]].

Kanggo nggampangaké réprèsentasi, akèh-akèhé diagram Tata Surya nuduhaké let antarané orbit kang padha siji lan sijiné. Ing kasunyatané, kanthi sapérangan pangecualian, tansaya adoh panggonan sawijining planit utawa sabuk saka Srengéngé, saya gedhé let antarané objèk iku karo jalur ideran orbit sadurungé. Minangka conto, [[Venus]] manggon watara 0,33 [[ékan astronomi]] (SA) punjul [[Merkurius]]{{Ref label|D|d|none}}, éwadéné [[Saturnus]] iku 4,3 SA saka [[Yupiter]], lan [[Neptunus]] manggon 10,5 SA saka [[Uranus]]. Sapérangan upaya wis dicoba kanggo nemtokaké korélasi let antar orbit iki ([[ukum Titus-Bode]]), nanging nganti saiki ora ana siji téyori waé wis ditampa.

Mèh kabèh planit-planit ing Tata Surya uga nduwé sistem sékundhèr. Akèh-akèhé iku barang pangorbit alami kang diarani satelit. Sapérangan barang iki nduwé ukuran luwih gedhé saka planit. Mèh kabèh [[satelit alami]] kang gedhé dhéwé manggon ing orbit sinkron, kanthi sasisih satelit ngadhep merang arah planit indhuké kanthi permanèn. Papat planit gedhé dhéwé uga nduwé cincin kang isi partikel-partikel cilik kang ngorbit kanthi bebarengan.

=== Tèrminologi ===

Sacara informal, Tata Surya bisa dibagi dadi telu laladan. Tata Surya pérangan njero nyakup papat [[planit kabumian]] lan [[sabuk asteroid]] utama. Ing laladan kang luwih adoh, Tata Surya pérangan njaba, ana papat gas planit raseksa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=An Overview of the Solar System |author=nineplanets.org |url=http://www.nineplanets.org/overview.html |accessdate=2007-02-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wiwit tinemu [[Sabuk Kuiper]], pérangan paling njaba Tata Surya dianggep wewengkon béda dhéwé kang ngambah kabèh objèk ngliwati Neptunus.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=New Horizons Set to Launch on 9-Year Voyage to Pluto and the Kuiper Belt |author=Amir Alexander |work=The Planetary Society |year=2006 |url=http://www.planetary.org/news/2006/0116_New_Horizons_Set_to_Launch_on_9_Year.html |accessdate=2006-11-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060222080327/http://www.planetary.org/news/2006/0116_New_Horizons_Set_to_Launch_on_9_Year.html |archivedate=2006-02-22 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sacara dinamis lan fisik, objèk kang ngorbit [[srengéngé]] bisa diklasifikasikaké sajeroning telung golongan: [[planit]], [[planit cilik]], lan [[Benda Cilik Tata Surya|barang cilik Tata Surya]]. Planit iku sawijining badan kang ngideri Srengéngé lan duwé massa cukup gedhé kanggo minangka buletan dhiri lan wis ngresiki orbité kanthi nginkorporasikaé kabèh objèk-objèk cilik ing saubengé. Kanthi définisi iki, Tata Surya duwé wolu planit: [[Merkurius]], [[Venus]], [[Bumi]], [[Mars]], [[Yupiter]], [[Saturnus]], lan [[Neptunus]]. [[Pluto]] wis diuwalaké status planèté amarga ora bisa ngresiki orbité saka objèk-objèk Sabuk Kuiper.&lt;ref name=&quot;FinalResolution&quot;/&gt;

Planit cilik iku barang akasa dudu satelit kang ngupengi Srengéngé, duwé massa kang cukup kanggo bisa minangka buletan dhiri nanging durung bisa ngresiki laladan saubengé.&lt;ref name=&quot;FinalResolution&quot;/&gt; Miturut définisi iki, Tata Surya duwé lima planit cilik: [[Ceres]], [[Pluto]], [[Haumea]], [[Makemake]], lan [[Eris]].&lt;ref name=name&gt;{{cite web|date=2008-11-07 &lt;!--11:42:58--&gt;|title=Dwarf Planets and their Systems|work= Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) |url=http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html#DwarfPlanets| accessdate=2008-07-13 | publisher= U.S. Geological Survey }}&lt;/ref&gt; Objèk liya kang mungkin bakal diklasifikasikaké minangka planit cilik yaiku: [[Sedna]], [[Orcus]], lan [[Quaoar]]. Planit cilik kang nduwé orbit ing laladan trans-Neptunus lumrahé ingaran &quot;plutoid&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;IAU0804&quot;&gt;{{cite web
  |date=11 Juni 2008
  |title=Plutoid chosen as name for Solar System objects like Pluto
  |publisher=[[International Astronomical Union]] (News Release-IAU0804), Paris
  |url=http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0804
  |accessdate=2008-06-11
  |archive-date=2008-06-13
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080613121232/http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0804/
  |url-status=dead
  }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sisa objèk-objèk liya sabanjuré kang ngiteri Srengéngé yaiku barang cilik Tata Surya.&lt;ref name=&quot;FinalResolution&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=The Final IAU Resolution on the definition of &quot;planit&quot; ready for voting |publisher=IAU |date=2006-08-24 |url=http://www.iau.org/iau0602.423.0.html |accessdate=2007-03-02 |archive-date=2009-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107044134/http://www.iau.org/iau0602.423.0.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Èlmuwan ahli planit migunakaké istilah gas, ès, lan watu kanggo ndhèskripsikaké kelas dat kang ana ing njero Tata Surya. ''Watu'' kanggo njenengi bahan mawa titik lebur dhuwur (luwih gedhé saka 500&amp;nbsp;K), minangka conto [[silikat]]. Bahan batuan iki umum banget ana ing Tata Surya pérangan njero, wujud komponèn pambentuk utama mèh kabèh planit kabumian lan asteroid. Gas iku bahan-bahan mawa titik lebur asor kaya déné atom hidrogen, hélium, lan gas mulia, bahan-bahan iki ndhominasi wewengkon tengah Tata Surya, kang didhominasi déning Yupiter lan Saturnus. Éwadéné ès, kaya déné [[banyu]], [[metana]], [[amonia]] lan [[karbon dioksida]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.009 | bibcode=2007Icar..190..345F | title=Asymmetries in the distribution of H2O and CO2 in the inner coma of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 as observed by Deep Impact | year=2007 | author=Feaga, L | journal=Icarus | volume=190 | pages=345}}&lt;/ref&gt; duwé titik lebur watara atusan drajat kelvin. Bahan iki arupakan komponèn utama saka sapérangan gedhé satelit planit raseksa. Dhèwèké uga wujud komponèn utama [[Uranus]] lan [[Neptunus]] (kang asring ingaran &quot;ès raseksa&quot;), sarta manéka barang cilik kang ana ing sacedhaké orbit Neptunus.&lt;ref name=zeilik&gt;{{cite book | pages=240 | author=Michael Zellik| title=Astronomy: The Evolving Universe | edition=9th | year=2002 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=0521800900 | oclc=223304585}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Istilah ''volatiles'' nyakup kabèh bahan mawa titik umub asor (kurang saka atusan kelvin), kang kalebu gas lan ès; gumantung ing suhuné, 'volatiles' bisa tinemu minangka ès, cuwèran, utawa gas ing manéka pérangan Tata Surya.

=== Zona planit ===
[[Gambar:Solarsys.svg|thumb|upright=1.5|rifgt|Zona Tata Surya kang ngambah, planit pérangan njero, sabuk asteroid, planit pérangan njaba, lan [[sabuk Kuiper]]. (Gambar ora selaras karo skala) ]]

Ing zona planit njero, [[Srengéngé]] iku punjer Tata Surya lan panggonané paling cedhak karo planit [[Merkurius]] (let saka Srengéngé 57,9&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; km, utawa 0,39&amp;nbsp;[[ékan astronomi|SA]]), [[Venus]] (108,2&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;km, 0,72&amp;nbsp;SA), [[Bumi]] (149,6&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;km, 1&amp;nbsp;SA) lan [[Mars]] (227,9&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;km, 1,52&amp;nbsp;SA). Ukuran dhiamèteré antara 4.878&amp;nbsp;km lan 12.756&amp;nbsp;km, kanthi massa jinis antara 3,95&amp;nbsp;g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; lan 5,52&amp;nbsp;g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;.

Ing antarané Mars lan [[Yupiter]] ana laladan kang ingaran [[sabuk asteroid]], kumpulan batuan métal lan mineral. Akèh-akèhé asteroid-asteroid iki mung duwé dhiamèter sapérangan kilomèter (pirsani: [[Pratélan asteroid]]), lan sapérangan duwé dhiamèter 100&amp;nbsp;km utawa luwih. [[Ceres]], péranganing kumpulan asteroid iki, ukurané watara 960&amp;nbsp;km lan dikategorikaké minangka [[planit cilik]]. Orbit asteroid-asteroid iki èliptis banget, malah sapérangan nyimpangi [[Merkurius]] ([[1566 Icarus|Icarus]]) lan [[Uranus]] ([[2060 Chiron|Chiron]]).

Ing zona planit njaba, ana planit gas raseksa [[Yupiter]] (778,3&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;km, 5,2&amp;nbsp;SA), [[Uranus]] (2,875&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;km, 19,2&amp;nbsp;SA) lan [[Neptunus]] (4,504&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;km, 30,1&amp;nbsp;SA) kanthi massa jinis antara 0,7&amp;nbsp;g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; lan 1,66&amp;nbsp;g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;.

Let rata-rata antarané planit-planit karo Srengéngé bisa diprakirakaké kanthi migunakaké [[Hukum Titus-Bode|baris matématis Titus-Bode]]. Régularitas let antarané jalur ideran orbit-orbit iki kamungkinan wujud èfèk résonansi sisa saka awal kawanguné Tata Surya. Anèhé, planit [[Neptunus]] ora mijil ing baris matématis Titus-Bode, kang gawé para pangamat spékulasi yèn Neptunus wujud asil tabrakan kosmis.

=== Srengéngé ===
{{utama|Srengéngé}}

[[Srengéngé]] iku lintang indhuk Tata Surya lan wujud komponèn utama sistem Tata Surya iki. [[Lintang]] iki ukurané 332.830 massa [[bumi]]. Massa kang gedhé iki njalari kapadhetan inti kang cukup gedhé kanggo bisa njurung kasinambungan [[fusi nuklir]] lan nyemburaké sapérangan ènèrgi kang ''dahsyat''. Akèh-akèhé ènèrgi iki dipancaraké menyang njaban akasa sajeroning wangun radhiasi èlètromagnètik, kalebu spèktrum optik.

Srengéngé dikategorikaké sajeroning lintang cilik kuning (jinis G V) kang ukurané tengahan, nanging jeneng iki bisa njalari kasalahpahaman, amarga dibandhingaké karo lintang-lintang kang ana ing njero galaksi Bimasekti, Srengéngé kalebu cukup gedhé lan ''cemerlang''. Lintang diklasifikasikaké mawa [[dhiagram Hertzsprung-Russell]], yaiku sawijining grafik kang nggambaraké gegandhèngan pangaji [[luminositas]] sawijining lintang marang suhu lumahané. Lumrahé, lintang kang luwih panas bakal luwih ''cemerlang''. Lintang-lintang kang nuruti pola iki diarani ana ing [[dhèrèt utama]], lan Srengéngé panggoné persis ing tengah dhèrèt iki. Nanging, lintang-lintang kang luwih ''cemerlang'' lan luwih panas saka Srengéngé iku langka, éwadéné lintang-lintang kang luwih redhup lan adhem iku umum.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2001 |author=Smart, R. L.; Carollo, D.; Lattanzi, M. G.; McLean, B.; Spagna, A. |title=The Second Guide Star Catalogue and Cool Stars |work=Perkins Observatory |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001udns.conf..119S |accessdate=2006-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dipercaya yèn posisi Srengéngé ing dhèrèt utama kanthi umum wujud &quot;pucuk urip&quot; saka sawijining lintang, amarga durung entèké hidrogen kang kasimpen kanggo fusi nuklir. Saiki Srengéngé tuwuh tansaya padhang jingglang. Ing awal uripé, tingkat kacemerlangané iku watara 70 persèn saka kacermelangan saiki.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|title=Towards a Solution to the Early Faint Sun Paradox: A Lower Cosmic Ray Flux from a Stronger Solar Wind|author=Nir J. Shaviv|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|doi=10.1029/2003JA009997|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astroph/0306477v2|accessdate=2009-01-26|year=2003|volume=108|pages=1437}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Srengéngé kanthi [[métalisitas]] dikategorikaké minangka lintang &quot;populasi I&quot;. Lintang kategori iki kawangun luwih akir ing tingkat évolusi [[alam semesta]], saéngga ngandhut luwih akèh unsur kang luwih abot tinimbang hidrogen lan hélium (&quot;metal&quot; sajeroning sebutan astronomi) dibandhingaké karo lintang &quot;populasi II&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=T. S. van Albada, Norman Baker |title=On the Two Oosterhoff Groups of Globular Clusters |journal=Astrophysical Journal |volume=185 |year=1973 |pages=477–498 |doi=10.1086/152434}}&lt;/ref&gt; Unsur-unsur kang luwih abot tinimbang [[hidrogen]] lan [[hélium]] kawangun ing njero inti lintang purba kang banjur njeblug. Lintang-lintang génerasi pisanan perlu cures luwih dhisik sadurungé alam semesta bisa dikebaki déning unsur-unsur kang luwih abot iki.

Lintang-lintang tuwa dhéwé ngandhut metal sithik banget, éwadéné lintang anyar nduwé kandhungan métal kang luwih dhuwur. Tingkat métalitas kang dhuwur iki diprakirakaké duwé prabawa wigati ing pambentukan sistem Tata Surya, amarga kawanguné planit iku asil panggumpelan métal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=An Estimate of the Age Distribution of Terrestrial Planets in the Universe: Quantifying Metallicity as a Selection Effect |author=Charles H. Lineweaver |work=University of New South Wales |date=2001-03-09 |url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0012399 |accessdate=2006-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Médhium antarplanèt ====
[[Gambar:Heliospheric-current-sheet.gif|right|thumb|[[Lembar ilènan heliosfer]], amarga obah rotasi magnètis Srengéngé tumrap médhium antarplanèt.&lt;!-- The heliospheric current sheet. --&gt;]]

Saliyané cahya, [[Srengéngé]] uga kanthi kasinambungan mancaraké semburan partikel kanthi momotan ([[plasma]]) kang ditepungi minangka [[angin surya]]. Semburan partikel iki nyebar metu kira-kira ing karikatan 1,5 yuta kilomèter per jam,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Solar Physics: The Solar Wind |work=Marshall Space Flight Center |date=2006-07-16&lt;!--Internet Archive estimate--&gt; |url=http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SolarWind.shtml |accessdate=2006-10-03 |archive-date=2015-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813081520/http://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/SolarWind.shtml |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; nyiptakaké atmosfèr tipis ([[heliosfer]]) kang ngrambah Tata Surya paling ora adohé 100 SA (deleng uga ''[[heliopause]]''). Kabèh iki ingaran [[médhium antarplanèt]].

Lésus géomagnètis ing lumahing Srengéngé, kaya déné [[semburan Srengéngé]] (''solar flares'') lan [[uncalan massa korona]] (''coronal mass ejection'') njalari gangguan ing heliosfer, nyiptakaké cuaca ruwang akasa.&lt;ref name=&quot;SunFlip&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast15feb_1.htm |title=The Sun Does a Flip |accessdate=2007-02-04 |last=Phillips |first=Tony |date=2001-02-15 |work=Science@NASA |archive-date=2009-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512121817/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast15feb_1.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Struktur gedhé dhéwé saka heliosfer dijenengi [[lembar ilènan heliosfer]] (''heliospheric current sheet''), sawijining spiral kang dumadi amarga obah rotasi magnètis Srengéngé tumrap médhium antarplanèt.&lt;ref&gt;[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/22apr_currentsheet.htm A Star with two North Poles] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718014855/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/22apr_currentsheet.htm |date=2009-07-18 }}, April 22, 2003, Science @ NASA&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Riley, Pete; Linker, J. A.; Mikić, Z., &quot;[https://archive.ph/20120524184639/adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002JGRA.107g.SSH8R Modeling the heliospheric current sheet: Solar cycle variations]&quot;, (2002) ''Journal of Geophysical Research'' (Space Physics), Volume 107, Issue A7, pp. SSH 8-1, CiteID 1136, DOI 10.1029/2001JA000299. ([http://ulysses.jpl.nasa.gov/science/monthly_highlights/2002-July-2001JA000299.pdf Full text] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090814052347/http://ulysses.jpl.nasa.gov/science/monthly_highlights/2002-July-2001JA000299.pdf |date=2009-08-14 }})&lt;/ref&gt; [[Magnetosfer|Médhan magnèt]] bumi nyegah [[atmosfèr bumi]] interaksi karo angin surya. [[Venus]] lan [[Mars]] kang ora duwé médhan magnèt, atmosfèré entèk kakikis menyang njaba akasa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite science |last=Lundin |first=Richard |date=2001-03-09 |title=Erosion by the Solar Wind |author=Rickard Lundin |journal=Science |volume=291 |issue=5510 |pages=1909 |doi=10.1126/science.1059763 |url=http://sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/291/5510/1909 |accessdate=2006-12-26|abstract=http://sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/291/5510/1909}}&lt;/ref&gt; Interaksi antarané angin surya lan médhan magnèt bumi njalari dumadiné [[aurora]], kang bisa dideleng cedhak kutub magnètik bumi.

Heliosfer uga duwé peran ngreksa Tata Surya saka [[sinar kosmik]] kang asalé saka njaban Tata Surya. Médhan magnèt planit-planit nambah peran pangreksan sabanjuré. Dhènsitas [[sinar kosmik]] ing [[médhium antarlintang]] lan kekuwatan médhan magnèt Srengéngé ngalami owah-owahan ing skala wektu kang dawa banget, saéngga drajat radhiasi kosmis ing njero Tata Surya dhéwé iku manéka variasi, sanajan ora dikawruhi sepira gedhéné.&lt;ref name=&quot;Langner_et_al_2005&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Langner |first=U. W. |author2=M.S. Potgieter |year=2005 |title=Effects of the position of the solar wind termination shock and the heliopause on the heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays |journal=Advances in Space Research |volume=35 |issue=12 |pages=2084–2090 |doi=10.1016/j.asr.2004.12.005 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AdSpR..35.2084L |accessdate=2007-02-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Médhium antarplanèt uga wujud papan anané paling ora loro laladan mèmper piringan kang isiné lebu kosmis. Sing pisanan, méga lebu zodhiak, ana ing Tata Surya pérangan njero lan wujud jalaran cahya zodhiak. Iki kamungkinan kawangun saka tabrakan sajeroning [[sabuk astéroid]] kang disebabaké déning interaksi karo planit-planit.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=1998 |title=Long-term Evolution of the Zodiacal Cloud |url=http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/workshops/1997/zodiac/backman/IIIc.html |accessdate=2007-02-03 |archive-date=2013-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501105418/http://astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov/workshops/1997/zodiac/backman/IIIc.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Laladan kaloro mbentang antarané 10 SA nganti watara 40 SA, lan mungkin disebabaké déning tabrakan kang mèmper nanging dumadi ing njero [[Sabuk Kuiper]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2003 |title=ESA scientist discovers a way to shortlist stars that might have planets |work=ESA Science and Technology |url=http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=29471 |accessdate=2007-02-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Landgraf |first=M. |author2=Liou, J.-C.; Zook, H. A.; Grün, E. |date=May 2002 |title=Origins of Solar System Dust beyond Jupiter |journal=The Astronomical Journal |volume=123 |issue=5 |pages=2857–2861 |doi=10.1086/339704 |url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/123/5/2857/201502.html |accessdate=2007-02-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tata Surya pérangan njero ===
Tata Surya pérangan njero iku jeneng umum kang nyakup [[planit kabumian]] lan [[asteroid]]. Mliginé kagawé saka [[silikat]] lan logam, objèk saka Tata Surya pérangan njero nglingkup cerak karo [[Srengéngé]], radhius saka kabèh laladan iki luwih cendhak saka let antarané Yupiter lan Saturnus.

==== Planit-planit pérangan njero ====
{{utama|Planit kebumian}}
[[Gambar:Terrestrial planit size comparisons.jpg|thumb|Planit-planit pérangan njero. Saka kiwa nengen: [[Merkurius]], [[Venus]], [[Bumi]], lan [[Mars]] (ukuran miturut skala)]]

Papat [[planit]] pérangan njero utawa planit kabumian (''terrestrial planit'') duwé komposisi batuan kang padhet, mèh ora duwé utawa ora duwé satelit lan ora duwé sistem cincin. Komposisi planit-planit iki mligi yaiku mineral kanthi titik lèlèh dhuwur, kaya déné silikat kang intip lan slubung, lan logam kaya déné wesi lan nikel kang intiné. Telu saka papat planit iki ([[Venus]], [[Bumi]] lan [[Mars]]) duwé [[atmosfèr]], kabèh duwé kawah météor lan sipat-sipat lumahan tèktonis kaya déné gunung geni lan lembah pecahan. Planit kang panggonané ing antarané Srengéngé lan Bumi ([[Merkurius]] lan [[Venus]]) diarani uga minangka planit infèrior.

===== Merkurius =====
: [[Merkurius]] (0,4 SA saka Srengéngé) iku planit paling cerak saka Srengéngé sarta uga paling cilik (0,055 massa Bumi). Merkurius ora duwé satelit alami lan ciri géologisé saliyané kawah météorid kang dikawruhi yaiku ''lobed ridges'' utawa ''rupes'', kamungkinan dumadi amarga pangerutan ing périodhe awal sajarahé.&lt;ref&gt;Schenk P., Melosh H.J. (1994), ''Lobate Thrust Scarps and the Thickness of Mercury's Lithosphere'', Abstracts of the 25th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 1994LPI....25.1203S&lt;/ref&gt; Atmosfèr Merkurius kang mèh bisa dilirwakaké kapérang saka atom-atom kang uwal saka lumahané amarga semburan angin surya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2006 |author=Bill Arnett |title=Mercury |work=The Nine Planets |url=http://www.nineplanets.org/mercury.html |accessdate=2006-09-14}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gedhéné inti wesi lan tipisé kerak Merkurius isih durung bisa diterangaké. Miturut prakiran hipotésa lapisan njaba planit iki ucul sawisé dumadi tabrakan gedhé, lan ngrembakané (&quot;akresi&quot;) penuhé kacandhet déning ènèrgi awal Srengéngé.&lt;ref&gt;Benz, W., Slattery, W. L., Cameron, A. G. W. (1988), ''Collisional stripping of Mercury's mantle'', Icarus, v. 74, p. 516–528.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cameron, A. G. W. (1985), ''The partial volatilization of Mercury'', Icarus, v. 64, p. 285–294.&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Venus =====
: [[Venus]] (0,7 SA saka Srengéngé) mawa ukuran mèmper bumi (0,815 massa bumi). Lan kaya déné [[bumi]], planit iki duwé slimut kulit silikat kang kandel lan mawa inti wesi, atmosfèré uga kandel lan duwé aktivitas géologi. Nanging planit iki luwih garing saka bumi lan atmosfèré kaping sanga luwih padhet saka bumi. Venus ora duwé satelit. Venus iku planit paling panas kanthi suhu lumahan ngancik 400&amp;nbsp;°C, kamungkinan gedhé disebabaké gunggung gas omah kaca kang kakandhut ing njero atmosfèr.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite paper |author=Mark Alan Bullock |title=The Stability of Climate on Venus |publisher=Southwest Research Institute |year=1997 |url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~bullock/Homedocs/PhDThesis.pdf |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |accessdate=2006-12-26 |archive-date=2007-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614202751/http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~bullock/Homedocs/PhDThesis.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Tekan saiki aktivitas géologis Venus durung didhetèksi, nanging amarga planit iki ora duwé medhan magnèt kang bisa nyegah entèké atmosfèr, dinuga sumber atmosfèr Venus asalé saka gunung geni.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=1999 |author=Paul Rincon |title=Climate Change as a Regulator of Tectonics on Venus |work=Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM |url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~bullock/Homedocs/Science2_1999.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2006-11-19 |archive-date=2007-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614202807/http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~bullock/Homedocs/Science2_1999.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Bumi =====
: [[Bumi]] (1 SA saka Srengéngé) iku planit pérangan njero kang gedhé dhéwé lan paling padhet, siji-sijiné kang dikawruhi duwé aktivitas géologi lan siji-sijiné planit kang dikawruhi duwé mahluk urip. Hidrosfèr-é kang cuwèr iku kas ing antarané planit-planit kabumian lan uga wujud siji-sijiné planit kang diamati duwé lèmpèng tèktonik. Atmosfèr bumi béda banget dibandhingaké planit-planit liyané, amarga diprabawai déning anané mahluk urip kang ngasilaké 21% [[oksigèn]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Earth's Atmosphere: Composition and Structure |author=Anne E. Egger, M.A./M.S. |work=VisionLearning.com |url=http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?c3=&amp;mid=107&amp;l= |accessdate=2006-12-26 |archive-date=2007-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221231635/http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=107&amp;l=&amp;c3= |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Bumi duwé siji [[satelit]], [[rembulan]], siji-sijiné satelit gedhé saka planit kabumian ing njero Tata Surya.

===== Mars =====
: [[Mars]] (1,5 SA saka Srengéngé) kanthi ukuran luwih cilik saka bumi lan Venus (0,107 massa bumi). Planit iki duwé atmosfèr tipis kang kandhutan mligi iku [[karbon dioksida]]. Lumahan Mars kang dikebaki gunung geni raseksa kaya déné [[Olympus Mons]] lan lembah retakan kaya déné [[Valles marineris]], nuduhaké aktivitas géologis kang terus dumadi nganti saiki. Warna abangé asalé saka warna karat lemahé kang sugih wesi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2004 |title=Modern Martian Marvels: Volcanoes? |author=David Noever |work=NASA Astrobiology Magazine |url=http://www.astrobio.net/news/modules.php?op=modload&amp;name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=1360&amp;mode=thread&amp;order=0&amp;thold=0 |accessdate=2006-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mars duwé loro satelit alami cilik ([[Deimos]] lan [[Phobos]]) kang dinuga wujud [[asteroid]] kang kajebak gravitasi Mars.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2004 |title=A Survey for Outer Satellites of Mars: Limits to Completeness |author=Scott S. Sheppard, David Jewitt, and Jan Kleyna |work=The Astronomical Journal |url=http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/1538-3881/128/5/2542/204263.html |accessdate=2006-12-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sabuk asteroid ====
{{utama|Sabuk asteroid}}
[[Gambar:InnerSolarSystem-en.png|thumb|Sabuk asteroid utama lan asteroid Troya]]

[[Asteroid]] kanthi umum iku objèk Tata Surya kang kapérang saka batuan lan mineral logam beku.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Are Kuiper Belt Objects asteroids? Are large Kuiper Belt Objects planets?
|publisher=Cornell University|url=http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=601|accessdate=2009-03-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Sabuk asteroid]] utama ana ing antarané orbit [[Mars]] lan [[Yupiter]], leté watara 2,3 lan 3,3 SA saka [[Srengéngé]], dinuga wujud sisa saka bahan formasi Tata Surya kang gagal nggumpel amarga prabawa gravitasi Yupiter.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal
  | author=Petit, J.-M.; Morbidelli, A.; Chambers, J.
  | title=The Primordial Excitation and Clearing of the Asteroid Belt
  | journal=Icarus
  | year=2001
  | volume=153
  | pages=338–347
  | url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/classes/ge133/reading/asteroids.pdf
  | format=PDF
  | accessdate=2007-03-22
  | doi=10.1006/icar.2001.6702
  | archive-date=2007-02-21
  | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221085835/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/classes/ge133/reading/asteroids.pdf
  | url-status=dead
  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gradhasi ukuran asteroid iku atusan kilomèter tekan mikroskopis. Kabèh asteroid, kajaba [[Ceres]] kang gedhé dhéwé, diklasifikasikaké minangka [[Benda Cilik Tata Surya|barang cilik Tata Surya]]. Sapérangan asteroid kaya déné [[Vesta]] lan [[Hygiea]] mungkin bakal diklasifikasikaké minangka [[planit cilik]] yèn kabukti wis ngancik [[kasetimbangan hidrostatik]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=IAU Planit Definition Committee|publisher=International Astronomical Union|year=2006|url=http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0601/newspaper/|accessdate=2009-03-01|archive-date=2009-06-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090603001603/http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0601/newspaper/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sabuk asteroid kapérang saka maèwu-èwu, mungkin yutan objèk kanthi dhiamèter sakilometer.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2002 |title=New study reveals twice as many asteroids as previously believed |work=ESA |url=http://www.esa.int/esaCP/ESAASPF18ZC_index_0.html|accessdate=2006-06-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanajan mangkono, massa total saka sabuk utama iki ora punjul saprasèwu massa bumi.&lt;ref name=Krasinsky2002&gt;{{cite journal |authorlink=Georgij A. Krasinsky |first=G. A. |last=Krasinsky |author2=[[Elena V. Pitjeva|Pitjeva, E. V.]]; Vasilyev, M. V.; Yagudina, E. I. |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=2002Icar..158...98K&amp;db_key=AST&amp;data_type=HTML&amp;format=&amp;high=4326fb2cf906949 |title=Hidden Mass in the Asteroid Belt |journal=Icarus |volume=158 |issue=1 |pages=98–105 |date=July 2002 |doi=10.1006/icar.2002.6837}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sabuk utama ora rapet, kapal ruwang akasa kanthi rutin mbrobos laladan iki tanpa ngalami kacilakan. Asteroid kang dhiamèteré watara 10 lan 10&lt;sup&gt;−4&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;m ingaran météorid.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Beech, M. |author2=Duncan I. Steel |date=September 1995 |title=On the Definition of the Term Meteoroid |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=281–284 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?bibcode=1995QJRAS..36..281B&amp;db_key=AST&amp;data_type=HTML&amp;format=&amp;high=44b52c369007834 |accessdate=2006-08-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Ceres =====
[[Gambar:Ceres - RC3 - Haulani Crater (22381131691) (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|Ceres]]
[[Ceres]] (2,77 SA) iku barang gedhé dhéwé ing sabuk asteroid lan diklasifikasikaké minangka planit cilik. Dhiamèteré iku kurang sithik saka 1000&amp;nbsp;km, cukup gedhé kanggo duwé gravitasi dhéwé kanggo nggumpel minangka bunderan. Ceres dianggep planit nalika tinemu ing abad ka 19, nanging di-réklasifikasi dadi asteroid nalika taun 1850an sawisé observasi luwih lanjut nemu sapérangan asteroid manèh.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=History and Discovery of Asteroids |format=DOC |work=NASA |url=http://dawn.jpl.nasa.gov/DawnClassrooms/1_hist_dawn/history_discovery/Development/a_modeling_scale.doc |accessdate=2006-08-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceres diréklasifikasi lanjut nalika taun 2006 minangka planit cilik.

===== Golongan asteroid =====
[[Asteroid]] ing sabuk utama dibagi dadi golongan lan kulawarga asteroid dhedhasar sipat-sipat orbité. Satelit asteroid iku asteroid kang ngiteri asteroid kang luwih gedhé. Satelit-satelit iki ora gampang dibédakaké saka satelit-satelit planit, sok-sok mèh padha gedhéné karo pasangané. Sabuk asteroid uga duwé komèt sabuk utama kang mungkin wujud sumber banyu bumi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2006 |author=Phil Berardelli |title=Main-Belt Comets May Have Been Source Of Earths Water |work=SpaceDaily |url=http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Main_Belt_Comets_May_Have_Been_Source_Of_Earths_Water.html |accessdate=2006-06-23 |archive-date=2011-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816083413/http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Main_Belt_Comets_May_Have_Been_Source_Of_Earths_Water.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Asteroid-asteroid Trojan ana ing titik L&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; atau L&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; [[Yupiter]] (laladan gravitasi stabil kang ana ing ngarep lan mburi sawijining orbit planit), sebutan &quot;trojan&quot; asring dipigunakaké kanggo objèk-objèk cilik ing [[Titik Langrange]] saka sawijining planit utawa satelit. Golongan Asteroid Hilda ana ing orbit résonansi 2:3 saka Yupiter, kang tegesé golongan iki ngiteri Srengéngé kaping telu kanggo saben loro ideran [[Yupiter]].

Pérangan njero Tata Surya uga dikebaki déning asteroid alasan, kang akèh ngethok orbit-orbit planit-planit pérangan njero.

=== Tata Surya pérangan njaba ===
Ing pérangan njaba Tata Surya ana gas-gas raseksa karo satelit-satelité kang mawa ukuran planit. Akèh komèt kanthi périodha cendhak kalebu sapérangan Centaur, uga duwé orbit ing laladan iki. Badan-badan padhet ing laladan iki ngandhut gunggung ''volatil'' (conto: banyu, amonia, métan, kang asring ingaran &quot;es&quot; sajeroning pangistilahan èlmu kaplanètan) kang luwih dhuwur dibandhingaké planit batuan ing pérangan njero Tata Surya.

==== Planit-planit njaba ====
{{utama|Raseksa gas}}
[[Gambar:Gas giants and the Sun (1 px = 1000 km).jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|Raseksa-raseksa gas sajeroning Tata Surya lan Srengéngé, dhedhasar skala]]

Kapapat planit njaba, kang ingaran uga planit raseksa gas (''gas giant''), utawa [[planit jovian]], kanthi kasluruhan nyakup 99 persèn massa kang ngorbit Srengéngé. Yupiter lan Saturnus sapérangan gedhé ngandhut [[hidrogen]] lan [[hélium]]; Uranus lan Neptunus duwé proporsi ès kang luwih gedhé. Para astronom ngusulaké yèn kaloroné dikategorikaké dhéwé minangka raseksa ès.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Formation of Giant Planets |author=Jack J. Lissauer, David J. Stevenson |work=NASA Ames Research Center; California Institute of Technology |year=2006 |url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/uploads/File/People/djs/lissauer%26stevenson%28PPV%29.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2006-01-16 |archive-date=2009-03-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326060004/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/uploads/File/People/djs/lissauer%26stevenson%28PPV%29.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kapapat raseksa gas iki kabèh duwé cincin, sanajan mung sistem cincin Saturnus kang bisa dideleng kanthi gampang saka bumi.

===== Yupiter =====
: [[Yupiter]] (5,2 SA), kanthi massa kaping 318 massa bumi, iku massané kaping 2,5 massa saka gabungan kabèh planit liyané. Kandhutan mligi iku [[hidrogen]] lan [[hélium]]. Sumber panas ing njero Yupiter njalari timbulé sapérangan ciri sèmi-permanèn ing atmosfèré, minangka conto pita pita awan lan [[Bintik Abang Raseksa]]. Sing dikawruhi, Yupiter duwé 63 satelit. Papat kang gedhé dhéwé, [[Ganymede]], [[Callisto]], [[Io]], lan [[Europa (satelit)|Europa]] ngatonaké kamèmperan karo planit kabumian, kaya déné gunung geni lan inti kang panas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Geology of the Icy Galilean Satellites: A Framework for Compositional Studies |author=Pappalardo, R T |work=Brown University |year=1999 |url=http://www.agu.org/cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&amp;listenv=table&amp;multiple=1&amp;range=1&amp;directget=1&amp;application=fm99&amp;database=%2Fdata%2Fepubs%2Fwais%2Findexes%2Ffm99%2Ffm99&amp;maxhits=200&amp;=%22P11C-10%22 |accessdate=2006-01-16 |archive-date=2008-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212155912/http://www.agu.org/cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&amp;listenv=table&amp;multiple=1&amp;range=1&amp;directget=1&amp;application=fm99&amp;database=%2Fdata%2Fepubs%2Fwais%2Findexes%2Ffm99%2Ffm99&amp;maxhits=200&amp;=%22P11C-10%22 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ganymede, kang wujud satelit gedhé dhéwé ing Tata Surya, duwé ukuran luwih gedhé saka Merkurius.

===== Saturnus =====
: [[Saturnus]] (9,5 SA) kang ditepungi kanthi sistem cinciné, duwé sapérangan pepadhan karo Yupiter, minangka conto komposisi atmosfèré. Sanajan Saturnus gehdéné mung 60% volume Yupiter, planit iki mung duwé bobot kurang saka sapratelu Yupiter utawa kaping 95 massa bumi, agawé planit iki wujud sawijining planit kang paling ora padhet ing Tata Surya. Saturnus duwé 60 satelit kang dikawruhi tekan saiki (lan 3 kang durung dipesthèkaké) loro ing antarané [[Titan]] lan [[Enceladus]], nuduhaké aktivitas géologis, sanajan mèh kapérang mung saka ès waé.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cryovolcanism on the icy satellites |author=J. S. Kargel |work=U.S. Geological Survey |year=1994 |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/n7435h4506788p22/ |accessdate=2006-01-16 |archive-date=2013-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202057/http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00613296 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Titan duwé ukuran luwih gedhé saka [[Merkurius]] lan wujud siji-sijiné satelit ing Tata Surya kang duwé atmosfèr kang cukup duwé arti.

===== Uranus =====
: [[Uranus]] (19,6 SA) kang duwé massa kaping 14 massa bumi, iku planit kang paling ènthèng ing antarané planit-planit njaba. Planit iki duwé kabédan ciri orbit. Uranus ngiteri Srengéngé kanthi ukuran poros 90 drajat ing [[ekliptika]]. Planit iki duwé inti kang adhem banget dibandhingaké gas raseksa liyané lan mung sithik mancaraké ènèrgi panas.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=10 Mysteries of the Solar System |author=Hawksett, David; Longstaff, Alan; Cooper, Keith; Clark, Stuart |work=Astronomy Now |year=2005 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AsNow..19h..65H |accessdate=2006-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uranus duwé 27 satelit kang dikawruhi, kang gedhé dhéwé iku Titania, Oberon, Umbriel, Ariel lan Miranda.

===== Neptunus =====
: [[Neptunus]] (30 SA) sanajan luwih cilik sithik saka Uranus, duwé massa kaping 17 massa bumi, saéngga agawé planit iki luwih padhet. Planit iki mancaraké panas saka njero nanging ora akèh kaya déné Yupiter utawa Saturnus.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Post Voyager comparisons of the interiors of Uranus and Neptune |author=Podolak, M.; Reynolds, R. T.; Young, R. |work=NASA, Ames Research Center |year=1990 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990GeoRL..17.1737P |accessdate=2006-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Neptunus duwé 13 satelit kang dikawruhi. Sing gedhé dhéwé, [[Triton]], géologiné aktif, lan duwé geyser nitrogèn cuwèr.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=The Plausibility of Boiling Geysers on Triton |author=Duxbury, N.S., Brown, R.H. |work=Beacon eSpace |year=1995 |url=http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/handle/2014/28034?mode=full |accessdate=2006-01-16 |archive-date=2009-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426005806/http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/handle/2014/28034?mode=full |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Triton iku siji-sijiné satelit gedhé kang orbité walik arah (''retrogade''). Neptunus uga diampingi sapérangan planit minor ing orbité, kang ingaran Trojan Neptunus. Bendha-barang iki duwé résonansi 1:1 karo Neptunus.

==== Komèt ====
{{utama|Komèt}}
[[Gambar:CometMcNaught MatakoheNZ.JPG|right|thumb|[[Komèt McNaught]] utawa [[C/2006 P1]] dideleng saka [[Matakohe, New Zealand]] tanggal [[20 Januari]] [[2007]] jam 9.03pm.]]

[[Komèt]] iku badan Tata Surya cilik, lumrahé mung mawa ukuran sapérangan kilomèter, lan kagawé saka [[ès volatil]]&lt;!-- (volatiles ices) --&gt;. Badan-badan iki duwé èksèntrisitas orbit dhuwur, kanthi umum [[perihelion]]-é ana ing planit-planit pérangan njero lan panggonan [[aphelion]]-é luwih adoh saka [[Pluto]]. Nalika sawijining komèt ngleboni Tata Surya pérangan njero, ceraké let saka Srengéngé njalari lumahan èsé ngalami sumblimasi lan ionisasi, kang ngasilaké koma, buntut gas lan lebu dawa, kang asring bisa dideleng kanthi mata langsung.

Komèt mawa périodha cendhak, duwé kalangsungan orbit kurang saka rongatus taun. Éwadéné komèt mawa périodha panjang, duwé orbit kang lumaku èwonan taun. Komèt mawa périodha cendhak dipercaya asalé saka [[Sabuk Kuiper]], éwadéné komèt mawa périodha dawa, kaya déné [[Hale-bopp]], asalé saka [[Awan oort|Awan Oort]]. Akèh golongan komèt, kaya déné [[Kreutz Sungrazers]], kawangun saka pecahan sawijining indhuk tunggal.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Sekanina, Zdenek |year=2001 |title=Kreutz sungrazers: the ultimate case of cometary fragmentation and disintegration? |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic |volume=89 p.78–93}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sapérangan komèt mawa orbit hiperbolik mungkin asalé saka njaba Tata Surya, nanging nemtokaké jalur orbité kanthi mesthi iku angèl banget.&lt;ref name=&quot;hyperbolic&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last=Królikowska |first=M. |year=2001 |title=A study of the original orbits of ''hyperbolic'' comets |journal=Astronomy &amp; Astrophysics |volume=376 |issue=1 |pages=316–324 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20010945 |url=http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_base_ora&amp;url=articles/aa/full/2001/34/aa1250/aa1250.right.html&amp;access=standard&amp;Itemid=81 |accessdate=2007-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Komèt tuwa kang bahan volatilesé wis entèk amarga panas Srengéngé asring dikategorikaké minangka [[asteroid]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/x0358l71h463w246/ |title=The activities of comets related to their aging and origin |author=Fred L. Whipple |accessdate=2006-12-26 |date=April 1992 |archive-date=2012-05-24 |archive-url=https://archive.ph/20120524184654/http://www.springerlink.com/content/x0358l71h463w246/?MUD=MP |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Centaur ====
Centaur iku barang-barang ès mèmper komèt kang poros semi-majoré luwih gedhé saka [[Yupiter]] (5,5 SA) lan luwih cilik saka Neptunus (30 SA). Centaur gedhé dhéwé kang dikawruhi yaiku, [[10199 Chariklo]], kanthi dhiamèter 250&amp;nbsp;km.&lt;ref name=spitzer&gt;{{cite web |title=Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope |author=John Stansberry, Will Grundy, Mike Brown, Dale Cruikshank, John Spencer, David Trilling, Jean-Luc Margot |url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0702538v2 |year=2007 |accessdate=2008-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Centaur temonan pisanan, [[2060 Chiron]], uga diklasifikasikaké minangka komèt (95P) amarga duwé koma padha kaya déné komèt yèn nyedhaki Srengéngé.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=1995 |author=Patrick Vanouplines |title=Chiron biography |work=Vrije Universitiet Brussel |url=http://www.vub.ac.be/STER/www.astro/chibio.htm |accessdate=2006-06-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sapérangan astronom nglasifikasikaké Centaurs minangka [[objèk sabuk Kuiper sebaran-menyang-njero]] (''inward-scattered Kuiper belt objects''), sairing karo sebaran metu kang manggon ing [[piringan kasebar]] (''outward-scattered residents of the scattered disc'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/Centaurs.html |title=List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects |work=IAU: Minor Planit Center |accessdate=2007-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Laladan trans-Neptunus ===
[[Gambar:Outersolarsystem objectpositions labels comp.png|right|thumb|Plot kabèh objèk [[sabuk Kuiper]]]]
[[Gambar:TheKuiperBelt Projections 55AU Classical Plutinos.svg|right|thumb|Dhiagram kang nuduhaké pambagian sabuk Kuiper]]

Laladan kang ana adoh ngliwati Neptunus, utawa laladan trans-Neptunus, sapérangan gedhé durung dièksplorasi. Miturut praduga laladan iki sapérangan gedhé kapérang saka donya-donya cilik (kang gedhé dhéwé duwé dhiamèter sapralima bumi lan massané adoh luwih cilik saka rembulan) lan mligi ngandhut watu lan ès. Laladan iki uga ditepungi minangka [[laladan njaba Tata Surya]]&lt;!-- (outer solar system) --&gt;, sanajan manéka wong migunakaké istilah iki kanggo laladan kang ana ngluwihi sabuk asteroid.

==== Sabuk Kuiper ====
{{utama|Sabuk Kuiper}}
Sabuk Kuiper iku sawijining cincin raseksa mèmper karo sabuk asteroid, nanging komposisi mligi iku ès. Sabuk iki manggon ana ing antarané 30 lan 50 SA, lan kapérang saka [[Bendha Cilik Tata Surya|barang cilik Tata Surya]]. Sanajan mangkono, sapérangan objèk Kuiper kang gedhé dhéwé, kaya déné [[Quaoar]], [[20000 Varuna|Varuna]], lan [[Orcus]], mungkin bakal diklasifikasikaké minangka [[planit cilik]]. Para èlmuwan mrakirakaké ana watara 100.000 objèk Sabuk Kuiper kanthi dhiamèter punjul 50&amp;nbsp;km, nanging diprakirakaké massa total Sabuk Kuiper mung saprasepuluh massa bumi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets&quot;&gt;{{cite web |year=2006 |author=Audrey Delsanti and David Jewitt |title=The Solar System Beyond The Planets |work=Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii |url=http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/papers/2006/DJ06.pdf |format=PDF |accessdate=2007-01-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060525051103/http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/papers/2006/DJ06.pdf |archivedate=2006-05-25 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Akèh objèk Kuiper duwé satelit gandha lan akèh-akèhé duwé orbit ing njaba babagan èliptika.

Sabuk Kuiper kanthi kasar bisa dibagi dadi &quot;sabuk klasik&quot; lan résonansi. Résonansi iku orbit kang agandhèng marang Neptunus (conto: loro orbit kanggo saben telu orbit Neptunus utawa siji kanggo saben loro). Résonansi kang pisanan awalé ing Neptunus dhéwé. Sabuk klasik kapérang saka objèk kang ora duwé résonansi karo Neptunus, lan manggon watara 39,4 SA tekan 47,7 SA.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2005 |author=M. W. Buie, R. L. Millis, L. H. Wasserman, J. L. Elliot, S. D. Kern, K. B. Clancy, E. I. Chiang, A. B. Jordan, K. J. Meech, R. M. Wagner, D. E. Trilling |work=Lowell Observatory, University of Pennsylvania, Large Binocular Telescope Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Hawaii, University of California at Berkeley |title=Procedures, Resources and Selected Results of the Deep Ecliptic Survey |url=http://www.citebase.org/fulltext?format=application%2Fpdf&amp;identifier=oai%3AarXiv.org%3Aastro-ph%2F0309251 |accessdate=2006-09-07 |archive-date=2012-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118131015/http://www.citebase.org/fulltext?format=application%2Fpdf&amp;identifier=oai%3AarXiv.org%3Aastro-ph%2F0309251 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Anggota dari sabuk klasik diklasifikasikan sebagai ''cubewanos'', setelah anggota jinis pertamanya ditemukan (15760) 1992QB1 &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://sait.oat.ts.astro.it/MSAIS/3/PDF/20.pdf |format=PDF |title=Beyond Neptune, the new frontier of the Solar System |author=E. Dotto1, M.A. Barucci2, and M. Fulchignoni |accessdate=2006-12-26 |date=2006-08-24 |archive-date=2014-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140825122005/http://sait.oat.ts.astro.it/MSAIS/3/PDF/20.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Pluto lan Charon =====
[[Gambar:Pluto system 2006.jpg|left|thumb|[[Pluto]] lan katelu satelité]]

[[Pluto]] (rata-rata 39 SA), sawijining planit cilik, iku objèk gedhé dhéwé kang dikawruhi ing Sabuk Kuiper. Nalika tinemu ing taun 1930, barang iki dianggep planit kang kasanga, dhéfinisi iki diganti nalika taun 2006 kanthi diangkaté dhéfinisi formal planit. Pluto duwé kamiringan orbit cukup èksèntrik (17 drajat saka babagan èkliptika) lan leté 29,7 SA saka Srengéngé ing titik perihelion (padha leté karo orbit Neptunus) tekan 49,5 SA ing titik aphelion.

Ora cetha apa [[Charon]], satelit Pluto kang gedhé dhéwé, bakal terus diklasifikasikaké minangka satelit utawa dadi sawijining planit cilik uga. Pluto lan Charon, kaloroné ngiteri titik ''barycenter'' gravitasi ing ndhuwur lumahané, kang gawé Pluto-Charon sawijining sistem gandha. Loro satelit kang adoh luwih cilik Nix lan Hydra uga ngiteri Pluto lan Charon. Pluto ana ing sabuk résonan lan duwé 3:2 résonansi karo Neptunus, kang tegesé Pluto ngiteri Srengéngé kaping loro kanggo saben telung ideran Neptunus. Objèk sabuk Kuiper kang orbité duwé résonansi kang padha ingaran [[plutino]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Fajans_et_al_2001&quot;&gt;{{cite science |last=Fajans |first=J. |author2=L. Frièdland |date=October 2001 |title=Autoresonant (nonstationary) excitation of pendulums, Plutinos, plasmas, and other nonlinear oscillators |journal=American Journal of Physics |volume=69 |issue=10 |pages=1096–1102 |doi=10.1119/1.1389278 |url=http://scitation.aip.org/journals/doc/AJPIAS-ft/vol_69/iss_10/1096_1.html |accessdate=2006-12-26 |abstract=http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&amp;id=AJPIAS000069000010001096000001&amp;idtype=cvips&amp;gifs=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Haumea lan Makemake =====
[[Haumea]] (rata-rata 43,34 SA) lan [[Makemake]] (rata-rata 45,79 SA) iku loro objèk gedhé dhéwé kang dikawruhi ing njero sabuk Kuiper klasik. Haumea iku sawijining objèk kanthi wangun endhog lan duwé satelit loro. Makemake iku objèk paling kinclong ing sabuk Kuiper sawisé Pluto. Ing awalé dijenengi {{mp|2003 EL|61}} lan {{mp|2005 FY|9}}, nalika taun 2008 dijenengi lan status minangka planit cilik. Orbit kaloroné duwé inklinasi adoh luwih mbujur saka Pluto (28° lan 29°) &lt;ref name=Buie&gt;{{cite web
  |author=[[Marc W. Buie]]
  |date=2008-04-05
  |title=Orbit Fit and Astrometric record for 136472
  |publisher=SwRI (Space Science Department)
  |url=http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~buie/kbo/astrom/136472.html
  |accessdate=2008-07-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; lan béda kaya déné [[Pluto]], kaloroné ora diprabawai déning [[Neptunus]], minangka péranganing golongan Objèk Sabuk Kuiper klasik.

==== Piringan kasebar ====
{{utama|Piringan kasebar}}
[[Gambar:TheKuiperBelt Projections 100AU Classical SDO.svg|thumb|left|Ireng: kasebar; biru: klasik; ijo: résonan]]
[[Gambar:Eris and dysnomia2.jpg|thumb|right|Eris lan satelité [[Dysnomia (satelit)|Dysnomia]]]]

[[Piringan kasebar]] (''scattered disc'') silih potong karo sabuk Kuiper lan nyebar metu adoh luwih wiyar. Laladan iki dinuga wujud sumber komèt mawa périodha cendèk. Objèk piringan kasebar dinuga kaoncataké menyang orbit kang ora tinentu amarga prabawa gravitasi saka obahan migrasi awal Neptunus. Akèh-akèhé [[objèk piringan kasebar]] (''scattered disc objects'', utawa SDO) duwé perihelion ing njero sabuk Kuiper lan aphelion adohé mèh 150 SA saka Srengéngé. Orbit OPT uga duwé inklinasi dhuwur ing babagan èkliptika lan asring mèh kanthi pojok siku-siku. Sapérangan astronom nggolongaké piringan kasebar mung minangka péranganing sabuk Kuiper lan njuluki piringan kasebar minangka &quot;objèk sabuk Kuiper kasebar&quot; (''scattered Kuiper belt objects'').&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2005 |author=David Jewitt |title=The 1000 km Scale KBOs |work=University of Hawaii |url=http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/kb/big_kbo.html |accessdate=2006-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20021215074450/http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/kb/big_kbo.html |archivedate=2002-12-15 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===== Eris =====

[[Eris]] (rata-rata 68 SA) iku objèk piringan kasebar gedhé dhéwé kang dikawruhi lan njalari wiwitané dhebat babagan dhéfinisi planit, amarga Eris mung 5%luwih gedhé saka Pluto lan duwé prakiran dhiamèter watara 2.400&amp;nbsp;km. Eris iku planit cilik gedhé dhéwé kang dikawruhi lan duwé satelit siji, Dysnomia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2005 |author=Mike Brown |title=The discovery of &lt;s&gt;2003 UB313&lt;/s&gt; Eris, the &lt;s&gt;10th planit&lt;/s&gt; largest known dwarf planit. |work=CalTech |url=http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/planetlila/ |accessdate=2006-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kayadéné Pluto, orbité duwé èksèntrisitas dhuwur, kanthi titik perihelion 38,2 SA (mèmper let Pluto menyang Srengéngé) lan titik aphelion 97,6 SA kanthi babagan èkliptika mbujur banget.

=== Laladan paling adoh ===
Titik papan Tata Surya pungkasan lan ruwang antar lintang wiwit ora persis kadhéfinisi. Watesan-watesan njaba iki dumadi saka loro gaya tekan kang kapisah: angin surya lan gravitasi Srengéngé. Watesan paling adoh prabawa angin surya kira-kira leté kaping papat let Pluto lan Srengéngé. ''Heliopause'' iki ingaran minangka titik awal médhium antar lintang. Nanging [[Bal Roche Srengéngé]]&lt;!-- (Sun's Roche sphere) --&gt;, let èfèktif prabawa gravitasi Srengéngé, diprakirakaké nyakup watara kaping sèwu luwih adoh.

==== Heliopause ====

[[Gambar:Voyager 1 entering heliosheath region.jpg|right|thumb|[[Program Voyager|Voyager]] ngleboni ''[[heliosheath]]'']]

''Heliopause'' dibagi dadi rong pérangan kapisah. Méga angin kang obah ing karikatan 400&amp;nbsp;km/dhetik nganti nabrak plasma saka médhium ruwang antarlintang. Tabrakan iki dumadi ing ''benturan'' tèrminasi&lt;!-- (termination shock) --&gt; kang kira kira ana ing 80-100 SA saka Srengéngé ing laladan lawan angin lan watara 200 SA saka Srengéngé ing laladan saarah jurusan angin. Banjur angin saya alon dramatis, saya mampet lan owah dadi kenceng, minangka struktur oval kang ditepungi minangka ''[[heliosheath]]'', kanthi kelakuan mèmper kaya déné buntut komèt, saya ngulur metu adohé 40 SA ing pérangan arah lawan angin lan matikel-tikel luwih adoh ing sisih liyané. Voyager 1 lan Voyager 2 dilapuraké wis nembus benturan terminasi iki lan ngleboni ''heliosheath'', ing let 94 lan 84 SA saka Srengéngé. Watesan njaba saka heliosfer, ''heliopause'', iku titik papan angin surya mandheg lan ruwang antar lintang kawiwitan.

Wujud saka pucuk njaba heliosfer kamungkinan diprabawai saka dhinamika fluida saka interaksi médhium antarlintang lan uga médhan magnèt Srengéngé kang ngarah ing sisih kidul (saéngga mènèhi wujud bujel ing hemisfer lor kanthi let 9 SA, lan luwih adoh tinimbang hemisfer kidul. Saluwihé saka ''heliopause'', ing let watara 230 SA, ana benturan busur&lt;!-- (bow shock) --&gt;, jaluran ombak plasma kang ditinggalaké Srengéngé sairing iderané mubeng ing Bimasekti.

Tekan saiki durung ana kapal njaba akasa kang ngliwati ''heliopause'', saéngga oraa mungkin ngawruhi kondhisi ruwang antarlintang lokal kanthi mesthi. Diarepaké satelit NASA voyager bakal nembus ''heliopause'' ing watara dhékade ngarep lan ngirim manèh data tingkat radhiasi lan angin surya. Kanggo iku, sawijining tim kang dibiyayani NASA wis ngembangaké konsèp &quot;Vision Mission&quot; kang bakal kusus ngirimaké satelit panjajak menyang heliosfer.

==== Méga Oort ====
{{utama|Méga Oort}}
[[Gambar:Kuiper_belt_-_Oort_cloud-en.svg|thumb|upright=1.3|Gambaran sawijining artis ngenani [[Méga Oort]]]]

Sacara hipotèsa, [[Méga Oort]] iku sawijining massa mawa ukuran raseksa kang kapérang saka matrilyun-trilyun objèk ès, dipracaya wujud sumber komèt mawa périodha dawa. Méga iki nylubungi [[srengéngé]] ing let watara 50.000 SA (watara 1 taun cahya) tekan adohé 100.000 SA (1,87 taun cahya). Laladan iki dipracaya ngandhut [[komèt]] kang luwar saka pérangan njero Tata Surya amarga interaksi karo planit-planit pérangan njaba. Objèk Méga Oort obah alon banget lan bisa digoncangaké déning kaanan-kaanan langka kaya déné tabrakan, èfèk gravitasi saka liwaté [[lintang]], utawa gaya pasang galaksi, gaya pasang kang disurung [[Bimasekti]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2001 |author=Stern SA, Weissman PR. |title=Rapid collisional evolution of comets during the formation of the Oort cloud. |work=Space Studies Department, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado| url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=PubMed&amp;list_uids=11214311&amp;dopt=Citation |accessdate=2006-11-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2006 |author=Bill Arnett |title=The Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud |work=nineplanets.org |url=http://www.nineplanets.org/kboc.html |accessdate=2006-06-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Sedna ====
[[Gambar:Sedna-NASA.JPG|right|thumb|Foto teleskop [[90377 Sedna|Sedna]]]]

90377 Sedna (rata-rata 525,86 SA) iku sawijining barang semu abang mèmper Pluto kanthi orbit raseksa kang èliptis banget, watara 76 SA ing perihelion lan 928 SA ing aphelion lan duwé jangka orbit 12.050 taun. Mike Brown, panemu objèk iki nalika taun 2003, negesaké yèn Sedna ora wujud péranganing [[piringan kasebar]] utawa uga sabuk Kuiper amarga perihelioné adoh banget saka prabawa migrasi Neptunus. Dhèwèké lan sapérangan astronom liyané duwé pendhapat yèn Sedna iku objèk pisanan saka sawijining golongan anyar, kang mungkin uga nyakup 2000 CR105. Sawijining barang mawa titik perihelion ing 45 SA, aphelion ing 415 SA, lan duwé jangka orbit 3.420 taun. Brown njuluki golongan iki &quot;Méga Oort pérangan njero&quot;, amarga mungkin dumadi liwat prosès kang mèmper, sanajan adoh luwih cedhak menyang Srengéngé. Kamungkinan gedhé Sedna iku sawijining planit cilik, sanajan wujud kabubunderané isih kudu ditemtokaké kanthi cetha.

==== Watesan-watesan ====
{{Deleng uga|Planit X}}
Akèh prakara saka Tata Suryané awaké dhéwé kang isih durung dikawruhi. Médhan gravitasi Srengéngé diprakirakaké ndhominasi gaya gravitasi lintang-lintang saubengé nganti adohé rong taun cahya (125.000 SA). Prakiran ngisor radhius Méga Oort, ing sisih liya, ora luwih gedhé saka 50.000 SA.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Solar System: Third edition |author=T. Encrenaz, JP. Bibring, M. Blanc, MA. Barucci, F. Roques, PH. Zarka |publisher=Springer |year=2004 |pages=1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanajan Sedna wis tinemu, laladan antarané [[Sabuk Kuiper]] lan [[Méga Oort]], sawijining laladan kang duwé radhius puluhan èwu SA, bisa ditélakaké durung dipetakaké. Saliyané iku, uga ana studi kang lagi lumaku, kang nyinaoni laladan antarané [[Merkurius]] lan [[Srengéngé]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2004 |author=Durda D.D.; Stern S.A.; Colwell W.B.; Parker J.W.; Levison H.F.; Hassler D.M. |title=A New Observational Search for Vulcanoids in SOHO/LASCO Coronagraph Images |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/search/expand?pub=infobike://ap/is/2000/00000148/00000001/art06520&amp;unc=ml |accessdate=2006-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Objèk-objèk anyar mungkin isih bakal tinemu ing laladan kang durung dipetakaké.

=== Dhimènsi ===
Pabandhingan sapérangan ukuran wigati planit-planit:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;
|-bgcolor=&quot;#FFDEAD&quot;
! Karakteristik
! [[Merkurius]]
! [[Venus]]
! [[Bumi]]
! [[Mars]]
! [[Yupiter]]
! [[Saturnus]]
! [[Uranus]]
! [[Neptunus]]
|-align=&quot;right&quot; |
! align=&quot;left&quot; | Let orbit (yuta km) ([[ékan astronomi|SA]])
| 57,91 (0,39)
| 108,21 (0,72)
| 149,60 (1,00)
| 227,94 (1,52)
| 778,41 (5,20)
| 1.426,72 (9,54)
| 2.870,97 (19,19)
| 4.498,25 (30,07)
|-align=&quot;right&quot; |
! align=&quot;left&quot; | Wektu ideran (taun)
| 0,24 (88 dina) 
| 0,62 (224 dina) 
| 1,00
| 1,88
| 11,86
| 29,45
| 84,02
| 164,79
|-align=&quot;right&quot; |
! align=&quot;left&quot; | Jangka rotasi
| 58,65 dina
| 243,02 dina
| 23 jam 56 menit
| 24 jam 37 menit
| 9 jam 55 menit
| 10 jam 47 menit
| 17 jam 14 menit
| 16 jam 7 menit
|-align=&quot;right&quot; |
! align=&quot;left&quot; | Èksèntrisitas ideran
| 0,206
| 0,007
| 0,017
| 0,093
| 0,048
| 0,054
| 0,047
| 0,009
|-align=&quot;right&quot; |
! align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Pojok inklinasi]] [[orbit]] (°)
| 7,00
| 3,39
| 0,00
| 1,85
| 1,31
| 2,48
| 0,77
| 1,77
|-align=&quot;right&quot; |
! align=&quot;left&quot; | Pojok inklinasi [[ékuator]] marang orbit (°)
| 0,00
| 177,36
| 23,45
| 25,19
| 3,12
| 26,73
| 97,86
| 29,58
|-align=&quot;right&quot; |
! align=&quot;left&quot; | Dhiamèter ékuator (km)
| 4.879
| 12.104
| 12.756
| 6.805
| 142.984
| 120.536
| 51.118
| 49.528
|-align=&quot;right&quot; |
! align=&quot;left&quot; | Massa (dibandhingaké Bumi)
| 0,06
| 0,81
| 1,00
| 0,15
| 317,8
| 95,2
| 14,5
| 17,1
|-align=&quot;right&quot; |
! align=&quot;left&quot; | Kapadhetan manengah (g/cm³)
| 5,43
| 5,24
| 5,52
| 3,93
| 1,33
| 0,69
| 1,27
| 1,64
|-align=&quot;right&quot; |
! align=&quot;left&quot; | Suhu lumahan{{br}}min.{{br}}manengah{{br}}maks.
| {{br}}-173&amp;nbsp;°C{{br}}+167&amp;nbsp;°C{{br}}+427&amp;nbsp;°C
| {{br}}+437&amp;nbsp;°C{{br}}+464&amp;nbsp;°C{{br}}+497&amp;nbsp;°C
| {{br}}-89&amp;nbsp;°C{{br}}+15&amp;nbsp;°C{{br}}+58&amp;nbsp;°C
| {{br}}-133&amp;nbsp;°C{{br}}-55&amp;nbsp;°C{{br}}+27&amp;nbsp;°C
| {{br}}{{br}}-108&amp;nbsp;°C{{br}}
| {{br}}{{br}}-139&amp;nbsp;°C{{br}}
| {{br}}{{br}}-197&amp;nbsp;°C{{br}}
| {{br}}{{br}}-201&amp;nbsp;°C{{br}}
|}

== Kontèks galaksi ==
[[Gambar:Milky Way Spiral Arm.svg|thumb|right|Lokasi Tata Surya ing njero galaksi Bimasekti]]
[[Gambar:Local bubble.jpg|thumb|right|Lukisan artis saka [[Gelembung Lokal]] &lt;!-- (''Local Bubble'') --&gt;]]

Tata Surya ana ing galaksi [[Bimasekti]], sawijining [[Galaksi#Spiral|galaksi spiral]] kang dhiamèteré watara 100.000 taun cahya lan duwé watara 200 milyar [[lintang]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Magnetic fields in cosmology |author=A.D. Dolgov |year=2003 |url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0306443 |accessdate=2006-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Srengéngé manggon ing salah siji lengen spiral galaksi kang ingaran Lengen Orion&lt;!-- utawa 'Local Spur' --&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Three Dimensional Structure of the Milky Way Disk |author=R. Drimmel, D. N. Spergel |year=2001 |url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0101259 |accessdate=2006-07-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Panggonan [[Srengéngé]] leté watara 25.000 lan 28.000 taun cahya saka punjer galaksi, kanthi karikatan orbit ngupengi punjer galaksi watara 2.200 kilomèter per dhetik.

Saben révolusiné duwé jangka 225-250 yuta taun. Wektu révolusi iki ditepungi minangka taun galaksi Tata Surya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Period of the Sun's Orbit around the Galaxy (Cosmic Year |first=Stacy |last=Leong |url=http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2002/StacyLeong.shtml |year=2002 |work=The Physics Factbook |accessdate=2007-04-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apex Srengéngé, arah jalur Srengéngé ing ruwang semesta, cerak panggonané karo [[Herkules (rasi lintang)|rasi lintang Herkules]] kaarah ing posisi akir lintang [[Vega]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2003 |author=C. Barbieri |title=Elementi di Astronomia e Astrofisica per il Corso di Ingegneria Aerospaziale V settimana |work=IdealStars.com |url=http://dipastro.pd.astro.it/planets/barbieri/Lezioni-AstroAstrofIng04_05-Prima-Settimana.ppt |accessdate=2007-02-12 |archive-date=2005-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050514103931/http://dipastro.pd.astro.it/planets/barbieri/Lezioni-AstroAstrofIng04_05-Prima-Settimana.ppt |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Panggonan Tata Surya ing njero galaksi duwé peran wigati sajeroning évolusi kauripan ing [[Bumi]]. Wangun orbit bumi iku mèmper bunderan kanthi karikatan mèh padha karo lengen spiral galaksi, mula bumi arang banget mbrobos jalur lengen. Lengen spiral galaksi duwé konsèntrasi supernova dhuwur kang duwé potènsi bebaya gedhé banget tumrap kauripan ing Bumi. Kaanan iki mènèhi Bumi jangka stabilitas kang dawa kang mungkinaké évolusi kauripan.&lt;ref name=&quot;astrobiology&quot;&gt;{{cite web |year=2001 |author=Leslie Mullen |title=Galactic Habitable Zones |work=Astrobiology Magazine |url=http://www.astrobio.net/news/modules.php?op=modload&amp;name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=139 |accessdate=2006-06-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tata Surya manggon adoh saka laladan padhet lintang ing punjer galaksi. Ing laladan punjer, tarikan gravitasi lintang-lintang kang silih cerak bisa nggoyang barang-barang ing [[Méga Oort]] lan nembakaké komèt-komèt menyang pérangan njero Tata Surya. Iki bisa ngasilaké potènsi tabrakan kang ngrusak kauripan ing Bumi.

Intènsitas radhiasi saka punjer galaksi uga mangaruhi perkembangan wujud urip tingkat dhuwur. Sanajan mangkoko, para èlmuwan duwé hipotèsa yèn ing lokasi Tata Surya saiki iki [[supernova]] wis mangaruhi kauripan ing Bumi ing 35.000 taun pungkasan kanthi nguncalaké pecahan-pecahan inti lintang menyang Srengéngé sajeroning wujud lebu radhiasi utawa bahan kang luwih gedhé liyané, kaya déné manéka barang mèmper [[komèt]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |year=2005 |author=|title=Supernova Explosion May Have Caused Mammoth Extinction |work=Physorg.com |url=http://www.physorg.com/news6734.html |accessdate=2007-02-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
=== Laladan lingkungan saubengé ===
Lingkungan galaksi paling cedhak saka Tata Suryaiku sawijining papan kang diarani [[Méga Antarlintang Lokal]] (''Local Interstellar Cloud'', utawa ''Local Fluff''), yaiku wewengkon kanthi méga kandel kang ditepungi kanthi aran [[Gelembung Lokal]] (''Local Bubble''), kang ana ing tengah-tengah wewengkon kang arang. Gelembung Lokal iki wanguné gronggongan mèmper jam gesik kang ana ing médhium antarlintang, lan mawa ukuran watara 300 taun cahya. Gelembung iki kebak sebaran [[plasma]] kanthi suhu dhuwur kang mungkin asalé saka sapérangan supernova kang durung suwé dumadi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Near-Earth Supernovas |work=NASA |url=http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/06jan_bubble.htm |accessdate=2006-07-23 |archive-date=2010-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313214652/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2003/06jan_bubble.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ing sajeroning let sepuluh taun cahya (95 triliun km) saka Srengéngé, gunggung lintang rélatif sithik. Lintang kang paling cerak yaiku sistem kembar telu [[Alpha Centauri]], kang leté 4,4 taun cahya. Alpha Centauri A lan B wujud lintang gandha mèmper karo Srengéngé, éwadéné Centauri C iku cilik abang (ingaran uga [[Proxima Centauri]]) kang ngideri kembaran gandha pisanan ing let 0,2 taun cahya.

Lintang-lintang paling cerak sabanjuré yaiku sawijining cilik abang kang dijenengi [[Lintang Barnard]] (5,9 taun cahya), [[Wolf 359]] (7,8 taun cahya) lan [[Lalande 21185]] (8,3 taun cahya). Lintang gedhé dhéwé sajeroning let sepuluh taun cahya yaiku [[Sirius]], sawijining lintang kinclong dikategoriaké 'urutan utama' kira-kira duwé massa kaping loroné massa Srengéngé, lan dikupengi déning sawijining cilik putih kanthi jeneng Sirius B. Kaloroné leté 8,6 taun cahya. Sisa sistem saluwihé kang ana ing njero let 10 taun cahyaiku sistem lintang gandha cilik abang [[Luyten 726-8]] (8,7 taun cahya) lan sawijining cilik abang kanthi jeneng [[Ross 154]] (9,7 taun cahya).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Stars within 10 light years |url=http://www.solstation.com/stars/s10ly.htm |work=SolStation |accessdate=2007-04-02 |archive-date=2007-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216125505/http://www.solstation.com/stars/s10ly.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lintang tunggal paling cerak kang mèmper Srengéngé yaiku [[Tau Ceti]], kang ana ing 11,9 taun cahya. Lintang iki kira-kira ukurané 80% bobot Srengéngé, nanging kakinclongané ([[luminositas]]) mung 60%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tau Ceti |url=http://www.solstation.com/stars/tau-ceti.htm |work=SolStation |accessdate=2007-04-02 |archive-date=2007-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103202726/http://www.solstation.com/stars/tau-ceti.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Planit njaba Tata Surya paling cerak saka Srengéngé, kang dikawruhi tekan saiki yaiku ing lintang [[Epsilon Eridani]], sawijining lintang kang luwih pudhar sithik lan luwih abang dibandhingaké Srengéngé. Panggoné watara 10,5 taun cahya. Planit lintang iki kang wis dipesthèkaké, kanthi jeneng [[Epsilon Eridani b]], kurang luwih ukurané kaping 1,5 massa [[Yupiter]] lan ngupengi indhuk lintangé kanthi let 6,9 taun cahya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=HUBBLE ZEROES IN ON NEAREST KNOWN EXOPLANET |work=Hubblesite |year=2006 |url=http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2006/32/text/ |accessdate=2008-01-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cathetan ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;
&lt;ol type=&quot;a&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;{{Note label|A|a|none}}[[Kapitalisasi]] istilah iki manéka. [[Persatuan Astronomi Internasional]], badan kang ngurusi masalah panengeran astronomis, nyebutaké yèn [http://www.iau.org/public_press/themes/naming/ kabèh objèk astronomi dikapitalisasi jenengé] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090922205638/http://www.iau.org/public_press/themes/naming/ |date=2009-09-22 }} ('''Tata Surya'''). Nanging, istilah iki uga asring ditemoni sajeroning wangun huruf cilik ('''tata surya''')&lt;!-- including in the ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'', [http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/solar%20system ''Merriam-Webster's 11th Collegiate Dictionary''], and [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9110143 ''Encyclopædia Britannica'']. --&gt;&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;{{Note label|B|b|none}}Delengen [[Pratélan satelit]] kanggo kabèh satelit alami saka wolu planit lan lima planit cilik.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;{{Note label|C|c|none}}Massa Tata Surya ora kalebu Srengéngé, Yupiter, lan Saturnus, bisa diétung kanthi nambahaké kabèh massa objèk gedhé dhéwé kang diétung lan migunakaké pangétungan kasar kanggo massa méga Oort (watara kaping 3 massa Bumi),,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Origin and dynamical evolution of comets and their reservoirs|author=Alessandro Morbidelli|work=CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur|year=2006|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0512256v1|accessdate=2007-08-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; sabuk Kuiper (watara kaping 0,1 massa Bumi)&lt;ref name=&quot;Delsanti-Beyond_The_Planets&quot;/&gt; lan sabuk asteroid (watara kaping 0,0005 massa Bumi)&lt;ref name=&quot;Krasinsky2002&quot; /&gt; kanthi total massa kaping ~37 massa Bumi, utawa 8,1 persèn massa ing orbit ing saubengé Srengéngé. Yèn dikurangi nganggo massa Uranus lan Neptunus (kaloroné kaping ~31 massa Bumi), sisané kaping ~6 massa Bumi wujud 1,3 persèn saka massa sakabèhané.&lt;/li&gt;

&lt;li&gt;{{note label|D|d|none}}Astronom ngukur let ing njero Tata Surya kanthi [[ékan astronomi]] (SA). Siji SA leté watara let rata-rata Srengéngé lan Bumi, utawa 149.598.000&amp;nbsp;km. Pluto leté watara 38&amp;nbsp;SA saka Srengéngé, Yupiter 5,2&amp;nbsp;SA. Siji [[taun cahya]] iku 63.240&amp;nbsp;SA..&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Réferènsi ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Deleng uga ==
* [[Asteroid]]
* [[Satelit]]
* [[Pluto]]
* [[Planit cilik]]
* [[Sabuk kuiper]]
* [[Awan oort]]
* [[Kronologi èksplorasi Tata Surya]]
* [[Galaksi]]
* [[Alam semesta]]
* [[Alam semesta kaamati]]
* [[Kosmologi]]

== Pranala jaba ==
{{wikiportal|Astronomi}}
* [http://orinetz.com/planit/viewsysblog.php?lang=2 Animasi interaktif Tata Surya jroning basa Indonésia]
* [http://www.lightandmatter.com/planetfinder/id/ Sawijining applet sing nuduhaké lokasi saiki lintang-lintang lan planèt-planèt ing langit wengi.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091212103228/http://www.lightandmatter.com/planetfinder/id/ |date=2009-12-12 }}
* [http://www.michaelschultz.de/index_en.html Animasi interaktif planèt-planèt (145 tingkat zoom lan sapérangan èfèk wektu)]
* [http://www.solarviews.com solarviews.com], tampilan multimedia Tata Surya.

{{tata_surya}}

&lt;br /&gt;
{{Artikel Dhasar}}
{{artikel pilihan}}

[[Kategori:Tata Surya|*]]
[[Kategori:Astronomi]]</text>
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    <title>Tawangmangu, Karanganyar</title>
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      <text bytes="4610" sha1="gdqm5u8bix298uahp91ams6aiep2gso" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name  	          = Tawangmangu
| translit_lang2          = [[basa Indonésia]]
| translit_lang2_type     = Resmi
| translit_lang2_info     = Tawangmangu
| settlement_type         = Kacamatan
| subdivision_type        = [[Nagara]]
| subdivision_name        = [[Indonésia]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Provinsi]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Jawa Tengah]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[Kabupatèn]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[Kabupatèn Karanganyar|Karanganyar]]
| coordinates             = {{Coord|-7.66395|111.13879|display=inline,title}}
| pushpin_map             = Indonesia Central Java#Indonesia
| pushpin_mapsize         = 300px
| blank_name              = Kodhe laladan&lt;br&gt;administrasi
| blank_info              = {{#invoke:Wikidata|getRawValue|P2588|FETCH_WIKIDATA}}
}}
'''Tawangmangu''' ('''ꦠꦮꦁꦩꦔꦸ''') kuwi salah sawijining kecamatan ing [[Kabupatèn Karanganyar|Kabupaten Karanganyar]], [[Jawa Tengah|Jawa Tengah,]] Indonesia. Kecamatan iki misuwur amarga papan wisatane sing adhem, kanthi suhu rata-rata ing Tawangmangu antara 9° nganti 23°.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kecamatan Tawangmangu|url=https://www.karanganyarkab.go.id/kecamatan-tawangmangu/|website=karanganyarkab.go.id|access-date=2025-12-02|language=en-US|first=Admin|last=Utama1}}{{Pranala mati|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kutha Tawangmangu dikenal minangka papan wisata pegunungan ing lereng kulon [[Gunung Lawu]], bisa ditempuh nganggo transportasi darat udakara sak jam saka [[Kutha Surakarta|Surakarta]] (Solo). Wiwit jaman penjajahan Walanda, wilayah iki wis dadi papan wisata sing populer. Salah sawijining daya tarik yaiku [[Grojogan Sèwu|Grojogan Sewu]] (dhuwure 81 meter). Panggonan iki nawakake macem-macem fasilitas wisata, kayata kolam renang lan macem-macem akomodasi. Saka Tawangmangu, sampeyan bisa miwiti pendakian menyang puncak Gunung Lawu (Pos Cemoro Kandang). Ana uga dalan pintas sing nuju menyang [[Tlaga Sarangan|Telaga Sarangan]] ing [[Kabupatèn Magetan|Magetan]] liwat [[Cemoro Sewu]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tawangmangu Destinasi Herbal Tourism Indonesia|url=https://kemenparekraf.go.id/ragam-pariwisata/Tawangmangu-Destinasi-Herbal-Tourism-Indonesia|website=kemenparekraf.go.id|access-date=2025-12-02|language=id}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tawangmangu dumunung ing wilayah pegunungan sing subur, diubengi alas lan bukit. Nanging, kutha cilik iki wis misuwur ing internasional minangka tujuan wisata, dadi pilihan sing sampurna kanggo liburan lan wisata.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Saliyane iklim sing adhem, kaendahan alam sekitar uga narik kawigaten kaya wilayah liyane ing Indonesia. Kajaba iku, wilayah iki misuwur amarga pertanian sayuran, uga Grojogan Grojokan Sewu lan [[Bukit Sekipan]] Tawangmangu, tujuan wisata paling lengkap ing Kabupaten Tawangmangu. Tawangmangu wis dadi tujuan populer kanggo warga kutha, mbangun vila lan nandur modal ing hotel lan wisma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tawangmangu Destinasi Herbal Tourism Indonesia|url=https://kemenparekraf.go.id/ragam-pariwisata/Tawangmangu-Destinasi-Herbal-Tourism-Indonesia|website=kemenparekraf.go.id|access-date=2025-12-02|language=id}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kanggo nggampangake akses menyang wilayah iki, pemerintah wis kerja keras kanggo ningkatake rute transportasi kanthi njaga dalan lan mbangun dalan antar provinsi anyar saka Tawangmangu ing Jawa Tengah menyang Magetan, Jawa Timur. Konstruksi isih ditindakake, ngliwati bukit lan ngliwati lahan pertanian sing subur, menehi pemandangan sing apik ing sadawane dalan anyar. Saliyane konstruksi dalan, pemerintah uga wis merenovasi Pasar Tawangmangu kanthi lengkap, sing biyen dadi pasar tradisional sing wis rusak lan saiki dadi pasar wisata sing megah. Renovasi pasar iki ngidini turis kanthi gampang lan bebas blanja kabeh jinis oleh-oleh lan produk pertanian kanthi luwih nyaman.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/data-wilayah|title=Kode dan Data Wilayah Administrasi Pemerintahan (Permendagri No.56-2015)|website=www.kemendagri.go.id|language=Indonésia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429140519/http://www.kemendagri.go.id/pages/data-wilayah|archive-date=2017-04-29|url-status=dead|access-date=2017-10-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}

{{Kabupatèn Karanganyar}}

[[Kategori:Kacamatan ing Kabupatèn Karanganyar]]
[[Kategori:Kacamatan ing Jawa Tengah]]
[[Kategori:Tawangmangu, Karanganyar| ]]
[[Kategori:Pariwisata ing Jawa Tengah]]


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  <page>
    <title>Wyoming</title>
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      <text bytes="5499" sha1="nj8z5kpxjebgrci2bleci7lygr1v81a" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox U.S. state |
 Name = Wyoming |
 Fullname = State of Wyoming |
 Flag = Flag of Wyoming.svg |
 Flaglink = [[Flag of Wyoming]] |
 Seal = Seal of Wyoming.svg |p
 Seallink = [[Seal of Wyoming]] |
 Map = |
 Nickname = Equality State, Cowboy State |
 Motto = Equal rights |
 Capital = [[Cheyenne, Wyoming|Cheyenne]] |
 OfficialLang = [[Basa Inggris|Inggris]] |
 Demonym = [[List of U.S. state residents names|Wyomingite]] |
 LargestCity = [[Cheyenne, Wyoming|Cheyenne]] |
 Governor = [[Dave Freudenthal]] (D)|
 Lieutenant Governor = None&lt;ref&gt;In the event of a vacancy in the office of Governor, the [[Secretary of State of Wyoming|Secretary of State]] is first in line for succession.&lt;/ref&gt; |
 Senators = [[Mike Enzi]] (R) &lt;br /&gt; [[John Barrasso]] (R) |
 Representative = [[Barbara Cubin]] (R) |
 PostalAbbreviation = WY |
 AreaRank = 10th |
 TotalArea = 253,348 |
 TotalAreaUS = 97,818|
 LandAreaUS = 97,105 |
 LandArea = 251,498 |
 WaterAreaUS = 714 |
 WaterArea = 1,851 |
 PCWater = 0.7 |
 PopRank = 50th |
 2000Pop =  522,830 (2007) &lt;!--http://eadiv.state.wy.us/pop/st-07est.htm--&gt;|
 DensityRank = 49th |
 2000DensityUS = 5.1 &lt;!--census.gov--&gt; |
 2000Density = 1.96 |
 AdmittanceOrder = 44th |
 AdmittanceDate = [[10 Juli]], [[1890]] |
 TimeZone = [[Mountain Standard Time Zone|Mountain]]: [[UTC]]-7/[[Daylight saving time|-6]] |
 Latitude = 41°N to 45°N |
 Longitude = 104°3'W to 111°3'W |
 WidthUS = 280 |
 Width = 450 |
 LengthUS = 360 |
 Length = 580 |
 HighestPoint = [[Gannett Peak]]&lt;ref name=usgs&gt;{{cite web| date =29 April 2005| url =http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest| title =Elevations and Distances in the United States| publisher =U.S Geological Survey| access-date =9 November 2006| archive-date =1 June 2008| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080601170143/http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest| url-status =dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; |
 HighestElevUS = 13,804 |
 HighestElev = 4,210 |
 MeanElevUS = 6,700 |
 MeanElev = 2,044 |
 LowestPoint = [[Belle Fourche River]]&lt;ref name=usgs/&gt; |
 LowestElevUS = 3,099 |
 LowestElev = 945 |
 ISOCode = US-WY |
 Website = wyoming.gov
}}
'''Wyoming''' ({{IPAEng|waɪˈoʊmɪŋ}}) iku [[Pratélan praja Amérikah Sarékat miturut cacahing sing ndunungi|praja]] ing [[Amérikah Sarékat|AS]]. Tlatah iki didominasi déning pagunungan [[Rocky Mountains|Rocky Mountain Kulon]], déné ing pérangan wétan wujud prairi [[High Plains (United States)|High Plains]]. Minangka praja gedhé dhéwé nomer sepuluh ing AS miturut jembaré, Wyoming paling sethithik sing ndunungi, yaiku miturut kasil sènsus taun 2007 cacahé watara 522,830 jiwa, yaiku ana undhak-undhakan 5.9% wiwit taun 2000.&lt;ref name=PopEstStates&gt;{{cite web | url = http://eadiv.state.wy.us/pop/st-07est.htm | title = Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, and States: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007 | work = 2007 Population Estimates | publisher = U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division | date = 2007-12-27 | accessdate = 2008-01-05 | archive-date = 2008-12-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081206072356/http://eadiv.state.wy.us/pop/st-07est.htm | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Kutha krajan praja Wyoming yaiku kutha [[Cheyenne, Wyoming|Cheyenne]].

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Pranala njaba ==
{{sisterlinks}}
;State Government
* [http://wyoming.gov/ State of Wyoming government website]
* [http://wyoming.gov/state/wyoming_news/general/general.asp State information and symbols]
;U.S. Government
* [http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=WY Energy Data &amp; Statistics for Wyoming- From the U.S. Department of Energy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117132905/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=WY |date=2010-11-17 }}
* [http://library.courts.state.wy.us/ Wyoming State Law Library]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=WY USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Wyoming]
* [http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/56000.html U.S. Census Bureau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707134319/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/56000.html |date=2013-07-07 }}
* [http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/WY.htm Wyoming State Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928013525/http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/WY.HTM |date=2006-09-28 }}
;Other
* [http://gowyld.net/ Wyoming's portal to knowledge and learning]
* [http://www.terragalleria.com/america/north-west/wyoming Photos of Wyoming - Terra Galleria]
* [http://www.snowguide.org/ski_areas/united_states/wyoming.htm Wyoming Ski and Snowboard Areas on SnowGuide.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170926040719/http://www.snowguide.org/ski_areas/united_states/wyoming.htm |date=2017-09-26 }}
* [http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/gertrude-of-wyoming ''Gertrude of Wyoming'' by Thomas Campbell]
* [http://www.freestatewyoming.org/ Free State Wyoming] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709051319/http://freestatewyoming.org/ |date=2008-07-09 }}
{{-}}

{{Amérikah Sarékat}}
&lt;!--
{{succession
| preceded = [[Idaho]]
| office = [[List of U.S. states by date of statehood]]
| years = Admitted on [[1890-07-10]] (44th)
| succeeded = [[Utah]]
}}

{{coor title d|43|N|107.5|W|region:US-WY_type:state}}
--&gt;

[[Kategori:Wyoming| ]]
[[Kategori:Praja Amérikah Sarékat|Wyoming]]


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    <title>Wisconsin</title>
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      <text bytes="15211" sha1="j656ox5703yq1geo9xzn6o7d1y4rk6p" xml:space="preserve">{{US state |
 Name = Wisconsin|
 Fullname = State of Wisconsin|
 Flag = Flag of Wisconsin.svg |
 Flaglink = [[Gendéra Wisconsin]] |
 Seal = Seal of Wisconsin.svg |
 Seallink = [[Lambang Wisconsin]]|
 Map = Map_of_USA_WI.svg |
 Nickname = Badger State, America's Dairyland |
 Motto = Forward |
 Capital = [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]] |
 OfficialLang = None |
 Demonym = [[List of U.S. state residents names|Wisconsinite]] |
 LargestCity = [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin|Milwaukee]] |
 LargestCounty = [[Marathon County, Wisconsin|Marathon County]] |
 LargestMetro = [[Milwaukee–Racine–Waukesha Metropolitan Area|Greater Milwaukee]] |
 Governor = [[Jim Doyle]] (D) &lt;!-- please do not change to James Doyle. Thank you. --&gt; |
 Lieutenant Governor = [[Barbara Lawton]] (D) | 
 Senators = [[Herb Kohl]] (D)&lt;br /&gt;[[Russ Feingold]] (D) |
 AreaRank = 23rd |
 TotalArea = 169,790 |
 TotalAreaUS = 65,498|
 LandArea = 140,787 |
 LandAreaUS = 54,310|
 WaterArea = 28,006 |
 WaterAreaUS = 11,188|
 PCWater = 17 |
 Latitude = 42° 30′ N to 47° 05′ N |
 Longitude = 86° 46′ W to 92° 53′ W |
 PopRank = 20th |
 |population_as_of = 2006
 |population_note = 5,556,506 |
 |population_total = 5,556,506 |
 DensityRank = 24th |
 2000Pop = 5,556,506 |
 2000Density = 38.13 |
 2000DensityUS = 98.8 &lt;!--census.gov --&gt; |
 MedianHouseholdIncome = $47,220 |
  IncomeRank = 15th |
 AdmittanceOrder = 30th |
 AdmittanceDate = [[May 29]], [[1848]] |
 TimeZone = [[Central Standard Time Zone|Central]]: [[UTC]]-6/[[Daylight saving time|-5]] |
 Width = 420 |
 WidthUS =260 |
 Length = 500 |
 LengthUS = 310 |
 HighestPoint = [[Timms Hill]]&lt;ref name=&quot;usgs2005&quot;&gt;{{cite web|date=29 April 2005|url=http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest|title=Elevations and Distances in the United States|publisher=U.S Geological Survey|accessdate=2006-11-09|archive-date=2008-06-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080601170143/http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; |
 HighestElev = 595 |
 HighestElevUS = 1,951 |Timm's hill
 MeanElev = 320 |
 MeanElevUS = 1,050 |
 LowestPoint = [[Lake Michigan]]&lt;ref name=&quot;usgs2005&quot;/&gt; |
 LowestElev = 176 |
 LowestElevUS = 579 |
 ISOCode = US-WI |
 PostalAbbreviation = WI |
 TradAbbreviation = Wis.|
 Website = www.wisconsin.gov
}}
'''Wisconsin''' ({{audio|En-us-Wisconsin.ogg|Pronunciation}} {{IPAEng|wɪsˈkɒnsɨn}}) utawa {{IPAEng|wɪˈskɒnsɨn}}) (Prancis: ''Ouisconsin'') iku praja [[Amérika Sarékat]] sing dunungé cedhak punjer [[bawana]] [[Amérika Lèr|Amérika Lor]]. [[Kutha krajan]] Wisconsin yaiku [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]], lan kutha sing gedhé dhéwé ing Wisconsin yaiku [[kutha]] [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin]].

== Sajarah ==
{{utama|Sajarah Wisconsin}}
[[Gambar:Jean Nicolet.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Lukisan [[Jean Nicolet]] 1634 Panemon Wisconsin]]

=== Jeneng ===
Jeneng Wisconsin asalé manawa saka tembung kuna [[Basa Ojibwa|Ojibwe]], ''Miskwasiniing'', sing tegesé &quot;Papan watu abang,&quot; sing dicakaké marang [[Kali Wisconsin]], lan kacathet minangka ''Ouisconsin'' déning Chippewa. Éjaan tembung mau direvisi dadi wangun sing saiki ing taun [[1845]] déning parlemèn Wisconsin, lan saiki katulis kaya mangkono ing [[basa Prancis]] lan basa liyané.

=== Tapel wates ===
Wisconsin, wewatesan karo praja [[Iowa]], [[Minnesota]], [[Michigan]] lan [[Illinois]], uga karo tlaga [[Tlaga Michigan|Michigan]] lan [[Tlaga Superior|Superior]].

=== Ékonomi ===
Ékonomi Wisconsin asalé gumantung marang ''[[farming]]'' (mligi peternakan), [[tambang]], lan [[kayu]]. Ing [[abad kaping-20]], [[turisme]] dadi wigati, lan akèh sing ndunungi sing asalé tetanèn dadi nyambutgawé ing panggonan liya (kutha-kutha). Indhustrialisasi gedhèn-gedhènan kadadéan ing pungkasan [[abad kaping-19]] lan [[Milwaukee]] dadi punjer mligi. Ing dasawarsa pungkaan iki, sèktor indhustri [[jasa]], mligi usada lan pendhidhikan, dadi dominan.

== Géografi ==
[[Gambar:Wisconsin welcome sign.JPG|left|thumb|Tandha sugeng rawuh ing Wisconsin]]

Praja Wisconsin wewatesan karo [[Kali Montreal (Wisconsin-Michigan)|Kali Montreal]]; [[Tlaga Superior]] lan [[Michigan]] ing sisih lor; karo [[Tlaga Michigan]] ing sisih wétan; karo [[Illinois]] ing sisih kidul; lan karo [[Iowa]] lan [[Minnesota]] ing sisih kulon.

=== Iklim ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; &quot;text-align:center;font-size:90%;&quot;|
| colspan=&quot;13&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:120%;background:#E8EAFA;&quot;|Suhu normal wulanan kutha-kutha ing Wisconsin (°F)
|-
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color: #000000&quot; height=&quot;17&quot; | Kutha
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;&quot; | Jan
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;&quot; | Feb
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;&quot; | Mar
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;&quot; | Apr
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;&quot; | Mèi
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;&quot; | Jun
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;&quot; | Jul
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;&quot; | Agu
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;&quot; | Sep
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;&quot; | Okt
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;&quot; | Nov
! style=&quot;background: #E5AFAA; color:#000000;&quot; | Des
|-
! style=&quot;background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; height=&quot;16;&quot; | Green Bay
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 24/7
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 29/12
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 40/23
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 55/34
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 68/45
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 77/54
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 81/59
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 78/56
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 70/48
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 58/37
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 42/26
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 29/13
|-
! style=&quot;background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; height=&quot;16;&quot; | La Crosse
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 26/6
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 32/13
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 45/24
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 60/37
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 72/49
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 81/58
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 85/63
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 82/61
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 74/52
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 61/40
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 44/27
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 30/14
|-
! style=&quot;background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; height=&quot;16;&quot; | Madison
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 25/9
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 31/14
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 43/25
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 57/35
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 69/46
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 78/56
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 82/61
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 79/59
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 71/50
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 60/39
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 43/28
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #F8F3CA; color:#000000;&quot; | 30/16
|-
! style=&quot;background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; height=&quot;16;&quot; | Milwaukee
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 28/13
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 32/18
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 43/27
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 54/36
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 66/46
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 76/56
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 81/63
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 79/62
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 72/54
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 60/43
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 46/31
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background: #C5DFE1; color:#000000;&quot; | 33/19
|-
| colspan=&quot;13&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#E8EAFA;&quot;|''[http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-wisconsin/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723134531/http://www.ustravelweather.com/weather-wisconsin/ |date=2008-07-23 }}''
|}

== Dhémografi ==
[[Gambar:Wisconsin population map.png|thumb|right|200px|Peta kapadhetan sing ndunungi Wisconsin]]
Miturut Biro Sènsus AS taun 2000, Wisconsin sing ndunungi 5,363,675 jiwa. 6.4% saka populasi Wisconsin dilapuraké umur sangisoré 5 taun, 25.5% sangisoré umur 18, lan 13.1% umur 65 utawa luwih tuwa. Wanita cacahé ana kira-kira 50.6% populasi.

Kuth ing Wisconsin kanthi populasi 50,000 jiwa utawa luwih (2005) yaiku:
* [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin|Milwaukee]], populasi 602,782, kutha palig gedhé
* [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]], populasi 221,551, kutha krajan praja
* [[Green Bay, Wisconsin|Green Bay]], populasi 101,203
* [[Kenosha, Wisconsin|Kenosha]], populasi 95,240, péranganing [[Chicago metropolitan area#Metropolitan statistical area|Chicago metropolitan statistical area]]
* [[Racine, Wisconsin|Racine]], populasi 85,855, péranganing [[Milwaukee metropolitan area]]
* [[Appleton, Wisconsin|Appleton]], populasi 70,217
* [[Waukesha, Wisconsin|Waukesha]], populasi 67,658 péranganing Milwaukee metropolitan area
* [[Oshkosh, Wisconsin|Oshkosh]], populasi 63,485
* [[Eau Claire, Wisconsin|Eau Claire]], populasi 62,570
* [[Janesville, Wisconsin|Janesville]], populasi 61,962
* [[West Allis, Wisconsin|West Allis]], populasi 58,798, péranganing Milwaukee metropolitan area
* [[Sheboygan, Wisconsin|Sheboygan]], populasi 51,017
* [[La Crosse, Wisconsin|La Crosse]], populasi 50,280

== Cathetan ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Bibliografi ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;
* Michael Barone and Richard E. Cohen. ''The Almanac of American Politics, 2006'' (2005)
* Richard Current, ''Wisconsin: A History'' (2001)
* Larry Gara; ''A Short History of Wisconsin'' 1962
* Holmes, Fred L. ''Wisconsin'' (5 vols., Chicago, 1946), detailed popular history and many biographies
* Robert C. Nesbit, ''Wisconsin: A History'' (rev. ed. 1989)
* Pearce, Neil. ''The Great Lakes States of America'' (1980)
* Quaife, Milo M. ''Wisconsin, Its History and Its People, 1634–1924'' (4 vols., 1924), detailed popular history &amp; biographies
* Raney, William Francis. ''Wisconsin: A Story of Progress'' (1940)
* Arthur H. Robinson and J. B. Culver, ed., ''The Atlas of Wisconsin'' (1974)
* Richard Sisson ed. ''The American Midwest: An Interpretive Encyclopedia'' (2006)
* I. Vogeler, ''Wisconsin: A Geography'' (1986);
* Wisconsin Cartographers' Guild, ''Wisconsin's Past and Present: A Historical Atlas'' (2002);
* WPA, ''Wisconsin: A Guide to the Badger State'' 1941; detailed guide to every town and city, and cultural history
''See additional books at [[History of Wisconsin]]''
&lt;/div&gt;

== Pranala njaba ==
{{sisterlinks}}
* [http://www.wisconsin.gov/ State of Wisconsin]
* [http://www.wisconsin.gov/state/core/wisconsin_state_symbols.html Wisconsin state symbols] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100112222837/http://www.wisconsin.gov/state/core/wisconsin_state_symbols.html |date=2010-01-12 }}
* [http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=WI Energy Profile for Wisconsin- Economic, environmental, and energy data] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229213558/http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=WI |date=2010-12-29 }}
* [http://www.travelwisconsin.com Wisconsin Department of Tourism]
* [http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55000.html U.S. Census Bureau] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303055517/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/55000.html |date=2013-03-03 }}
* [http://www.wicourts.gov/ Wisconsin Court System]
* [http://www.legis.state.wi.us/ Wisconsin State Legislature]
* [http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/ Wisconsin Historical Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028075712/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/wisconsin-name/ |date=2005-10-28 }}
* [http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/WI The State of Wisconsin Collection] from the [http://uwdc.library.wisc.edu/ UW Digital Collections Center]
* [http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/wisconsin-name/ Wisconsin's Name: Where It Came From and What It Means] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028075712/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/wisconsin-name/ |date=2005-10-28 }}
* [http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/ Wisconsin Historical Images] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081101154220/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/whi/ |date=2008-11-01 }}
* [http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/WI.htm Wisconsin State Facts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109200730/http://ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/WI.htm |date=2012-01-09 }}
* [http://faculty.uwstout.edu/shiellt/freespeech1/ Wisconsin Free Speech Legacy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515184143/http://faculty.uwstout.edu/shiellt/freespeech1/ |date=2007-05-15 }}
* [http://www.revenue.wi.gov/ Wisconsin Department of Revenue]
* [http://www.worh.org/index.asp Wisconsin Office of Rural Health] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011165105/http://worh.org/index.asp |date=2007-10-11 }}
* [http://www.lmhscscorecard.com/sc/brief.cgi?s=1 Wisconsin Health and Demographic Data] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511063816/http://www.lmhscscorecard.com/sc/brief.cgi?s=1 |date=2008-05-11 }}
* [http://www.misspronouncer.com/ Misspronouncer], a pronunciation guide for everything Wisconsin.
* [http://www.oldroads.org/Wisconsin/wischome.htm short video takes of places in Wisconsin] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080723201536/http://www.oldroads.org/Wisconsin/wischome.htm |date=2008-07-23 }}
* {{wikivoyage|Wisconsin}}
* [http://wisconsinology.blogspot.com/ Wisconsinology Blog]
* [http://www.wiscollectorcar.com/featured-articles/featured-articles/historic-wisconsin-car-shows.html History of the Iola Car Show in Wisconsin]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{-}}
 
{{Amérika Sarékat}}

[[Kategori:Wisconsin|*]]
[[Kategori:Praja Amérika Sarékat|Wisconsin]]</text>
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    <title>Thérèse saking Lisieux</title>
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      <text bytes="12534" sha1="5ynexcn3h599xi00l575mbji2zh9j0u" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Saint
|name=Saint Thérèse de Lisieux
|birth_date={{birth date|1873|1|2|mf=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1897|9|30|1873|1|2|mf=y}}
|feast_day=[[1 Oktober]]{{br}}[[3 Oktober]] Kalèdher Tradisional Katulik
|venerated_in=[[Gréja Katulik Roma]]
|image=Thérèse de Lisieux in 1885.jpg
|imagesize=175px
|caption=Santa Thérèse, nalika yuswa 15, sadèrèngipun mlebet Ordo Karmelit
|birth_place=[[Alençon]], [[Prancis]]
|death_place=[[Lisieux]], [[Prancis]]
|titles=Kenya lan Dhoktor Gréja
|beatified_date=[[29 April]] [[1923]]
|beatified_place=
|beatified_by=[[Paus Pius XI]]
|canonized_date=[[17 Mèi]] [[1925]]
|canonized_place=
|canonized_by=[[Paus Pius XI]]
|attributes=[[kembang|sekar]]
|patronage=panandhang [[AIDS]]; [[Anchorage, Alaska]]; [[Ostrali]]; ''penerbang''; ''bodily ills''; [[Cheyenne, Wyoming]]; [[Fairbanks, Alaska]]; [[Fresno, California]]; [[Juneau, Alaska]]; [[Pueblo, Colorado]]; ''florists''; Prancis; ''illness''; [[Kisumu]], [[Kenya]]; ''loss of parents''; missionaris; Russia; tuberculosis; [[Witbank]], [[Afrika Kidul]]; [[CatholicTV]], [[Massachusetts]]
|major_shrine= Basilique de Sainte-Thérèse  &lt;ref&gt;Villes-Sanctuaires.com:[http://www.villes-sanctuaires.com/anglais/lisieux_histoire.htm Shrine Town of France.] Dipunaksés [[1 Oktober]], [[2006]].&lt;/ref&gt;, [[Lisieux]], [[Prancis]]
|suppressed_date=
|issues=
|prayer=''&quot;For me, prayer is a surge of the heart; it is a simple look turned toward heaven, it is a cry of recognition and of love, embracing both trial and joy''
|prayer_attrib=-St. Thérèse on what prayer means to her. (This quote is now part of the ''Catechism of the Catholic Church''.&lt;ref&gt;Vatican.va: [http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p4s1.htm Catechism of the Catholic Church, Part Four: Christian Prayer ]. Dipunakés [[1 Oktober]], [[2006]].&lt;/ref&gt;)
}}
&lt;!--{{portalpar|Saints|Gloriole.png}}--&gt;

'''Thérèse saking Lisieux''' ({{lahirmati|[[Alençon]], [[Prancis]]|2|1|1873|[[Lisieux]], [[Prancis]]|30|9|1897}}), utawi ''Sainte Thérèse de l'Enfant-Jésus et de la Sainte Face'', asma wiyosan '''Marie-Françoise-Thérèse Martin''', punika satunggiling [[suster]] [[Karmelit]] [[Katulik Roma]] ingkang [[kanonisasi|dipunkanonisasi]] minangka [[santa]] lan ugi satunggiling [[Dhoktor Gréja]], satunggal saking tigang wanita ingkang nampi penghargaan wau. Panjenenganipun ugi dipuntepangi minangka '''Sekar Alit Yesus'''.

== Awal kagesangan ==
St. Thérèse dipunwiyosaken ing [[Alençon]], [[Prancis]], putrinipun [[Louis Martin|Louis Martin ingkang Binerkahan]], satunggiling pandamel [[jam]], lan [[Marie-Azélie Guérin Martin|Marie-Azélie Guérin ingkang Binerkahan]], pandamel [[rénda]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thereseoflisieux.org/their-lives/ Venerable and to-be-Blessed Zelie and Louis Martin: Their Lives]&lt;/ref&gt;

Tiyang sepuhipun tangat sanget kaliyan agama. Louis naté kepéngin dados biarawan, nanging dipuntulak amargi boten saged basa Latin. Azelie dipuntulak dados suster amargi dipunanggep boten gadhah vokasi; nanging, panjenenganipun nyuwun dhumateng [[Hyang|Gusti]] supados dipunparingi kathah yoga lan gadhah pangajeng-ajeng misungsungaken dhumateng Gusti. Louis lan Zelie pepanggihan taun [[1858]] lan tigang wulan salajengipun palakrami. Kekalihipun gadhah sangan yoga, nanging namung gangsal putri ingkang saged gesang dumugi diwasa-Marie, Pauline, Leonie, Celine lan Therese. Therese punika ingkang ragil. Bisnis rénda Azelie suksès sanget saéngga Louis nyadé bisnis jamipun dhumateng ponakanipun lan nangani bisnis rénda garwanipun.

Zelie tilar donya amargi [[kanker payudara]] taun [[1877]], nalika Therese yuswa 4 taun lan bapanipun nyadé bisnisipun lan pindhah dhumateng [[Lisieux]], ing Departemen [[Calvados]] ing [[Normandia]]. Ing mriku sadhèrèkipun, Azelie Isidore Guérin satunggiling apotèker manggèn kaliyan garwanipun lan kalih putrinipun.
 
Therese sinau ing Biara Benediktin Notre Dame du Pré. Nalika panjenenganipun yuswa 9 taun, mbakyunipun Pauline, ingkang tumindak minangka &quot;ibu angka kalih&quot; kanggé piyambakipun, mlebet biara Karmelit ing Lisieux. Therese ugi péngin mlebet dhumateng biara Karmelit ingkang sami, Therese nyobi ngggabung dhumateng ordho kasebat, nanging dipuntulak amargi panjenenganipun taksih saklangkung anèm. Salajengipun, ingkang bapa ngajak Therese ziarah dhumateng Roma, lan nalika pidato [[Paus Leo XIII]], panjenenganipun nyuwun dhumateng Paus supados ngidinaken mlebet biara ing yuswa 15, nanging Paus ngandika: &quot;Anakku, turutana kaputusan Romo pamimpin.&quot;

Boten dangu salajengipun [[Biskop Bayeux]] ngidinaken Therese mlebet biara lan ing wulan April [[1888]] piyambakipun dados [[postulan]] Karmelit. Taun [[1889]] bapanipun nandhang [[stroke]] lan dibeta dhumateng sanatorium swasta, Bon Sauveur ing [[Caen]]. Bapanipun manggèn ing mriku 3 taun laminipun lan kundur dhumateng Lisieux taun [[1892]]. Bapanipun tilar donya taun [[1894]]. Sasampunipun ingkang bapa tilar donya, Celine, ingkang ngrawat bapanipun ugi mlebet biara ingkang sami kaliyan tiga sadhèrèk sanèsipun tanggal [[14 September]] [[1894]]; sepupunipun, Marie Guerin, tumut mlebet biara taun [[1895]]. Leonie, sasampunipun nyobi makaping kaping nanging boten katampi, ing pungkasanipun dados Suster Francoise-Therese, satunggiling biarawati ing [[Ordo Kunjungan Maria Suci]] ing Caen.

== Cara Alit ==

Therese dipuntepangi minangka &quot;Cara Alit.&quot; Salebeting ngupados kasucian dhiri, panjenenganipun sadhar bilih piyambakipun boten kedah nglampahi tindak kapahlawanan, utawi &quot;jasa ageng&quot;, kanggé nggayuh kasucian lan nelakaken tresnanipun dhutameng Gusti. Panjenenganipun nyerat &lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Katresnan kabuktèkaken kanthi tindakan, mila pripun kula nedahaken katresnan kula? Kula boten saged nindakaken prakawis-prakawis ingkang ageng. Cara ingkang saged kula tindakaken kanggé mbuktèkaken katresnan kula inggih punika kanthi nyebar sekar lan sekar punika inggih punika pangorbanan ingkang alit sanget, saben sawangan lan tembung, lan prakawis ingkang kula tindakaken punika tindak katresnan ingkang paling alit.&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

&quot;Cara Alit&quot; punika ugi muncul salebeting penyaketanipun dhumateng [[spiritualitas]]:[http://www.thereseoflisieux.org/spirituality/]

&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Sok-sok, nalika kula maos wacan rohani, ing pundi kasampurnan dipuntedahaken kanthi éwonan tantangan lan kathah ilusi ing sakiwatengenipun, pikiran kula ingkang alit lan winates rikat dados sayah, kula tutup buku kasebat, ingkang damel sirah kula kawilah lan manah kula ngelak, lan kula mundhut [[Alkitab]]. Lan sadayanipun dados padhang, saben tembung mbikak sikiling langit ing jiwa kula, kasampurnan kadosipun gampil sanget; Kula mriksani prakawis punika cekap kanggé nyadhari alitipun satunggiling tiyang, lan maringaken satunggiling tiyang sadayanipun, kados satunggiling laré, dhumateng rengkuhanipun Gusti ingkang saé. Nilar kanggé jiwa ingkang ageng, lan pikiran ingkang ageng, buku-buku ingkang boten saged kula mangertos, kula bingah dados alit amargi 'namung laré-laré alit, lan laré ingkang kados laré-laré punika, ingkang bakal mlebet dhumateng pista surgawi'.&quot; &lt;/blockquote&gt;

Tembung-tembung kados makaten mbikak Therese dhumateng tedahan bilih panjenenganipun gadhah rohani ingkang sentimental sanget lan malah kados bocah. Pandhukungipun nulak prakawis kasebat lan nélakaken bilih panjenenganipun ngembangaken cara panyaketan dhumateng kagesangan rohani ingkang gampil dipunmangertos lan saged dipuntumuti déning sadaya tiyang ingkang milih nindakaken prakawis kasebat, boten nyawang tingkat karumitan utawi pendhidhikan.

Perkawis punika ugi kaserat salebeting panyaketanipun dhumateng [[donga]]: [http://www.thereseoflisieux.org/thereses-prayer/]
&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Kanggé kula, donga asalipun saking manah; punika wujud sawangan prasaja dhumateng Swarga, punika wujud panyuwunan, pangakenan lan tresna, nggrengkuh pacobèn lan kabingahan; salebeting satunggal tembung, samubarang ingkang ningrat, supernatural, ingkang ngagengaken jiwa kula lan manunggalaken kaliyan Gusti... Kula boten gadhah kakendelan kanggé ngupados donga-donga èdah ing buku-buku... Kula nindakaken kados laré alit ingkang dèrèng sinau maos, Kula namung nyriyosaken dhumateng Gusti kita sadaya prakawis ingkang kula pénginaken lan Panjenenganipun mangertos.&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Nandhang gerah dumugi tilar donya ==
[[Gambar:Evora28.jpg|jmpl|ka|220px|Monumèn pasaréan ing Gréja Santa Francis, ing [[Évora]] ([[Portugal]]).]]

Taun-taun akir Therese dipuntengeri kanthi kaséhatanipun ingkang dangu-dangu saya asor lan piyambakipun tahan kanthi tabah lan tanpa nggresula. Ing dinten [[Jemuah Adi]] énjang, 1896, panjenenganipun ngalami medaling rah ing tutuk amargi [[hemoptisis]] [[paru-paru]]; [[tuberkolosis]] ingkang dipuntandhang tambah parah. Therese silih kirim serat kaliyan misi Karmelit ing [[Prancis Indocina]], lan dipunundang kanggé nggabung kaliyan misi kasebat, nanging amargi penyakitipun, piyambakipun boten saged tindak. Wulan Juli 1897 panjenenganipun dipunpindhah dhumatng biara kanggé tiyang sakit, ing mriku panjenenganipun tilar donya tanggal [[30 September]] [[1897]], ing yuswa 24. Nalika kapejahanipun, panjenenganipun nélakaken, &quot;Kula sampun dumugi titik ing pundi kula boten saged ngalami kasangsaran malih, amargi sadaya kasangsaran punika manis kanggé kula.&quot;

== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Ugi pirsani ==
* [[Aturan Karmelit déning St. Albert]]
* [[Konstitusi Ordo Karmelit]]
* [[Karmelit Ciaka Byzantine]]
* [[Ordo Sekuler Karmelit Ciaka]]

== Pranala njawi ==
{{Commons category|Thérèse de Lisieux}}
* [http://thereseoflisieux.org Web site about the life, writings, spirituality, and mission of St. Therese of Lisieux] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201007131238/http://thereseoflisieux.org/ |date=2020-10-07 }}
* [http://therese-de-lisieux.cef.fr/ang/frameang.htm Web site of the Pilgrimage Office at Lisieux] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070603190332/http://therese-de-lisieux.cef.fr/ang/frameang.htm |date=2007-06-03 }}
* [http://www.thereseoflisieux.org/their-lives/ Web pages about the life, beatification, and pastoral significance of the parents of St. Therese, Blessed Zelie and Louis Martin]
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/16772 The Story of a Soul (L'Histoire d'une Âme)]: The Autobiography of St. Thérèse (early edition heavily edited by Therese's sister)
* [http://www.puebloshrine.org/therese/index.htm The Shrine of St. Therese Catholic Church, Pueblo, Colorado dedicated to St. Therese.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214124059/http://www.puebloshrine.org/therese/index.htm |date=2009-02-14 }}
* http://www.saintetherese.org (Sainte Thérèse-Mansourieh / Liban) Parish site in the Lebanese language
* [http://www.theresemovie.com Official web site of the full-length feature film on the life of St. Thérèse of Lisieux]
* [http://www.ewtn.com/library/PAPALDOC/JP2THERE.HTM Pope John Paul II's ''Divini Amoris Scientia'' in English]
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/17721a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia article]
* {{gutenberg author| id=Thérèse+de+Lisieux+Saint | name=Thérèse de Lisieux}}
* [http://cartusian.tripod.com/id194.html Second Class Relic of Saint Therese of Lisieux] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119141630/http://cartusian.tripod.com/id194.html |date=2020-11-19 }}
* [http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/stt02001.htm Images of St. Thérèse de Lisieux] ing Forum Komunitas Katulik
* [http://www.karmel.at/ics/edith/stein_9.html Carmelite Vocation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217214442/http://www.karmel.at/ics/edith/stein_9.html |date=2007-12-17 }}
* [http://www.carmelite-seremban.org/Spirituality/carmelite_calendar.html Discalced Carmelite Calendar and Saints] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713102022/http://www.carmelite-seremban.org/Spirituality/carmelite_calendar.html |date=2007-07-13 }}
* [http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&amp;GRid=21168112 Saint Therese Memorial Page at FindaGrave]
* [http://www.thelittleways.com Saint Therese Sacrifice Beads / Good deed beads]
* [http://www.religious.marksanislo.com/gallery/pg3/saint_therese.html/ Oil Painting of St. Therese] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305222728/http://www.religious.marksanislo.com/gallery/pg3/saint_therese.html |date=2009-03-05 }} déning Artis Katulik Mark Sanislo

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lisieux, Therese of}}
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  <page>
    <title>Wong Banjar</title>
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      <text bytes="11455" sha1="fb4f7j2phoqglv7ddnwiowbcrse4lb9" xml:space="preserve">{{ethnic group|
|image=
|group=Banjar
|poptime=4.8 yuta
|region1      = '''Indonésia''' (sènsus 2000)
|pop1         = '''3,500,000'''
|ref1         = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book
  | last = 
  | first =
  | publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
  | title =Indonésia's Population: Ethnicity and Religion in a Changing Political Landscape
  | date =
  | year =2003
  | url =
  | accessdate =  
  | isbn = 9812302123
  | author = Leo Suryadinata; Evi Nurvidya Arifin; Aris Ananta.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|region2      = {{nbsp|8}}[[Kalimantan Kidul]]
|pop2         = 2,271,586
|ref2         = 
|region3      = {{nbsp|8}}[[Kalimantan Tengah]]
|pop3         = 435,758
|ref3         = 
|region4      = {{nbsp|8}}[[Kalimantan Wétan]]
|pop4         = 340,381
|ref4         = 
|region5      = {{nbsp|8}}[[Riau]]
|pop5         = 179,380
|ref5         =
|region6      = {{nbsp|8}}[[Sumatra Lor]]
|pop6         = 111,886
|ref6 
|region7      = '''Malaysia''' 
|pop7         = 
|ref7         = 
|langs=[[Basa Banjar|Banjar]], [[Basa Indonésia|Indonésia]] lan [[Basa Malayu|Malayu]].
|rels=[[Islam]]
|related=[[Wong Melayu|Melayu]], [[Kutai]], [[Wong Jawa|Jawa]], [[Dayak]] (Dayak Bukit, [[Bakumpai]], [[Ngaju]], [[Ma'anyan]], [[Lawangan]])
}}

'''Wong Banjar''' utawa '''Sukubangsa Banjar''' &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.joshuaproject.net/people-profile.php?peo3=10658&amp;rog3=ID Banjar of Indonésia]&lt;/ref&gt; iku [[bebrayan]] kang manggon sapérangan gedhé [[wewengkon]] [[Provinsi Kalimantan Kidul]], lan wiwit abad kaping 17 wiwit manggon ing sapérangan [[Kalimantan Tengah]] lan sapérangan [[Kalimantan Wétan]] mligi [[kawasan]] dhataran lan pérangan hilir saka Laladan ilèn Kali (DAS) ing wewengkon mau.

== Sistem paseduluran ==
{| style=&quot;text-align:center; float:left;&quot;
|Waring
|-
|↑
|-
|Sanggah
|-
|↑
|-
|Datu
|-
|↑
|-
|Kai (simbah kakung) + Nini (simbah putri)
|-
|↑
|-
|Abah (bapak) + Uma (ibu)
|-
|↑
|-
|Kakak &lt; ULUN &gt; Ading
|-
|↓
|-
|Anak
|-
|↓
|-
|Cucu
|-
|↓
|-
|Buyut
|-
|↓
|-
|Intah/Muning
|}
Kaya sistem paseduluran lumrahé, masarakat Banjar ngenali istilah-istilah tartemtu minangka panyelukan sajeroning kulawarga. Skema mau punjere saka ULUN minangka panyebute.

ULUN uga ana celukan kanggo sadulur saka bapak lan ibu. sadulur tuwa dhéwé sinebut ''Julak'', sadulur kaping pindho sinebut ''Gulu'', sadulur candhaké sinebut ''Tuha'', sadulur tengah saka bapak lan ibu sinebut ''Angah'', lan liyané sinebut ''Pakacil'' (''paman mudha/kecil'') lan ''Makacil'' (''bibi mudha/kecil''), déné paling enom sinebut ''Busu''. Yèn nyeluk sadulur saka ''kai'' lan ''nini'' padha waé, semana uga kanggo sadulur ''datu''.

Saliyané istilah ing dhuwun, uga ana sebutan liyané, yaiku:&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''minantu'' (bojo saka anaké ULUN)&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''pawarangan'' (bapak / ibu saka minantu)&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''mintuha'' (bapak / ibu saka bojone ULUN)&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''mintuha lambung'' (sadulur mintuha saka ULUN)&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''sabungkut'' (wong kang siji Datu karo ULUN)&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''mamarina'' (sebutan umum kanggo seduluré bapak/ibu saka ULUN)&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''kamanakan'' (anaké kakang/adhi saka ULUN)&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''sapupu sakali'' (anaké mamarina saka ULUN)&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''maruai'' (bojo wadon karo bojo wadone seduluran)&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''ipar'' (sadulur saka bojo saka ULUN)&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''panjulaknya'' (sadulur tuwa dhéwé saka ULUN)&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''pambusunya'' (sadulur paling cilik saka ULUN)&lt;br /&gt;
{{·}} ''badangsanak'' (sadulur kandhung)

Yèn ngeluk wong kang seumuran, bisa gunakake ''ikam'', lan uga bisa gunakake tembung ''aku'' kanggé nuduhaken awake dhéwé. Dhewe kanggé ngurmati utawa nyeluk kang luwih tuwa, gunakaken tembung ''pian'', lan tembung ''ulun'' kanggé nuduhaké awake dhéwé.

=== Gegaman Tradisional ===
Adhedhasar asil wawancara langsung karo wong kang tau gunakake, gaman tradhisional suku banjar kang padhatan digunakaké saben dina ing antarané:
* 1. Serapang
Serapang yaiku tombak mawa mata lima. Patang mata mekar kaya ta cakar garudha kanthi bait pengait ing saben pucuke. Siji mata manèh ana ing tengahing bait, kang sinebut “besi lapar” kang dipercaya bisa ngrubuhake wong kang duwé ngèlmu kebal.
* 2. Tiruk
Tiruk yaiku tombak dawa lurus tanpa bait kanggo golèk iwak gabus lan toman ing kali.
* 3. Pangambangan
Pangambangan yaiku tombak lurus mawa mata siki kanthi bait ing sakloron sisine.
* 4. Duha
Duha yaiku lading mata loro ingkang biyasa digunakaké kanggé bedhag babi.

== Populasi suku Banjar ==
Suku Banjar minangka suku angka 8 paling akèh ing Indonésia
Miturut sensus BPS taun 2000 populasi suku Banjar kira-kira semene:
* 2.271.586 ing [[Provinsi Kalimantan Kidul]] 76,34%
* 435.758 ing Provinsi [[Kalimantan Tengah]] 24,20%
* 340.381 ing Provinsi [[Kalimantan Wétan]] 13,94%
* 179.380 ing Provinsi [[Riau]] 3,78%
* 111.886 ing Provinsi [[Sumatra Lor]] 0,97%
* 83.458 ing Provinsi [[Jambi]] 3,47%
* 24.117 ing Provinsi [[Kalimantan Kulon]]
* 7.977 ing Provinsi [[DKI Jakarta]]
* 5.923 ing Provinsi [[Jawa Kulon]]
* 1.726 ing Provinsi [[Nanggroe Acèh Darussalam]] 0,1%
* 921 ing Provinsi [[Sumatra Kidul]]
* lsp..

Miturut situs &quot;Joshua Project&quot; cacahing suku Banjar ana
* 3.207.000 ing [[Indonésia]]
* 1.238.000 ing [[Malaysia]]

=== Populasi Suku Banjar ing Kalimantan Kidul ===
Miturut [[sènsus]] [[kang ndunungi]] taun [[2000]] déning Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), [[populasi]] suku Banjar ing Kalimantan Kidul ana 2.271.586 jiwa, kang kadistribusi ing sawatara [[kabupatèn]] lan [[kutha]], yaiku:
* 142.731 jiwa ing kabupatèn [[Kabupatèn Tanah Laut|Tanah Laut]]
* 154.399 jiwa ing kabupatèn [[Kota Baru]] (kalebu kab. [[Kabupatèn Tanah Bumbu|Tanah Bumbu]])
* 361.692 jiwa ing kabupatèn [[Kabupatèn Banjar|Banjar]]
* 184.180 jiwa ing kabupatèn [[Kabupatèn Barito Kuala|Barito Kuala]]
* 417.309 jiwa ing kutha [[Kutha Banjarmasin|Banjarmasin]]
* 75.537 jiwa ing kutha [[Banjarbaru]]
Wong [[Banjar Hulu]] Sungai kang micara [[Basa Banjar Hulu]] ana ing 6 kabupatèn ([[Kabupatèn Banua Enam|Banua Enam]]) yaiku:
* 114.265 jiwa ing kabupatèn [[Kabupatèn Tapin|Tapin]]
* 188.672 jiwa ing kabupatèn [[Kabupatèn Hulu Sungai Kidul|Hulu Sungai Kidul]]
* 213.725 jiwa ing kabupatèn [[Kabupatèn Hulu Sungai Tengah|Hulu Sungai Tengah]]
* 277.729 jiwa ing kabupatèn [[Kabupatèn Hulu Sungai Lor|Hulu Sungai Lor]] (kalebu kab. [[Kabupatèn Balangan|Balangan]])
* 141.347 jiwa ing kabupatèn [[Kabupatèn Tabalong|Tabalong]]

== Tokoh-tokoh Banjar ==
* [[Pangeran Antasari]], [[Pahlawan Nasional Indonésia]].
* [[Syekh]] [[Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari]], [[ulama Banjar]].
* [[Hasan Basry]], Pahlawan Nasional Indonésia.
* [[Idham Chalid]], Wakil Nayakotama, Ketua MPR RI, Pahlawan Nasional Indonésia.
* [[Pangeran Muhammad Noor]], mantan mantri PU/[[Gubernur Kalimantan]] kaping 1
* Prof. [[Gusti Muhammad Hatta]], mantri Riset dan Teknologi.
* [[Abdul Hafiz Anshari]], mantan Ketua Komisi Pemilihan Umum
* Drs. [[Saadillah Mursjid]], MPA, mantan Mantri Sekretaris Kabinet Pangyasa VII
* [[Djohan Effendi]], mantan Mantri Sekretaris Kabinet era Gus Dur, panulis pidhato Présidhèn Soeharto.
* [[Syamsul Mu'arif]], mantan Mantri Nagara Komunikasi dan Informasi Kabinet Gotong Royong
* [[Taufiq Effendi]], mantan mantri Mantri Nagara Pendayagunaan Aparatur Nagara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Kabinet Indonésia Bersatu
* [[Muhammad Zaini Abdul Ghani]], ulama lan tokoh [[Islam]] Indonésia.
* K.H. [[Muhammad Arifin Ilham]], Ketua Majelis Zikra
* [[Denny Indrayana]], Akademisi lan Wakil Mantri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manungsa, Guru Besar Hukum Tata Nagara Universitas Gajah Mada
* [[Olla Ramlan]], sawijining modhel lan pemeran Indonésia.
* [[Ian Kasela]], vokalis grup band Radja.
* [[Terry Putri]], Artis lan pambyawara
* [[Pevita Eileen Pearce]], Artis lan pemeran Indonésia

== Deleng uga ==

* [[Kabupatèn Banjar]]
* [[Kutha Banjarmasin]]
* [[Kutha Banjarbaru]]

== Literatur ==
* [[Alfani Daud]], Islam dan Masarakat Banjar; Deskripsi dan Analisa Kebudayaan Banjar, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 1997).
* J.J. Rass, Hikajat Bandjar:A Study in Malay Histiography, (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff), 1968
* Tjilik Riwut, Kalimantan Memanggil, Djakarta:Penerbit Endang, 1957.
* Idwar Saleh, Sajarah bandjarmasin:Selajang Pandang Mengenai Bnagkitnja Keradjaan Bandjarmasin, Posisi, Funksi dan Artinja Dalam Sedjarah Indonésia Dalam Abad Ketudjuh Belas. Bandung: Balai Wiyata Guru. 1958
* Rumah Tradisional Banjar: Rumah Bubungan Tinggi, Departemen Pendididkan dan Kebudayaan, Musiyum Negeri Lambung Mangkurat, 1984
* M. Gazali Usman, Karajan Banjar:Sajarah Perkembangan Pulitik, Ékonomi, Perdagangan dan Agama Islam, Banjarmasin: Lambung Mangkurat Press, 1994.
* Jurnal Kebudayaan:KANDIL, Melintas Tradisi, Edisi 6, Tahun II, Agustus-Oktober, 2004 ISSN: 1693-3206
* Arthum Artha, Naskah Kitab Undang Undang Sultan Adam 1825, Banjarmasin: Penerbit Murya Artha, 1988
* Tim Haeda, ''Islam Banjar; Tentang Akar Kultural dan Revitalisasi Citra Masarakat Religius'', (Banjarmasin: Lekstur, 2009)

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://tajudinnoorganie.blogspot.com/2009/05/sejarah-kehidupan-ing-tanah-banjar.html sejarah kerajaan ing Tanah Banjar]
* [http://utuhpaloi.xbrain.biz/ Blog Banjar Alai Kampung Sri Lalang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209040631/http://utuhpaloi.xbrain.biz/ |date=2010-02-09 }}
* [http://melayusemarang.blogspot.com/ Kampung Melayu (eks Kalurahan Lumayu Darat) dan Kampung Banjar (eks Kalurahan Banjarsari)]
* [http://ibnubanjar.wordpress.com/2008/04/14/urang-banjar-ing-manado-bumi-nyiur-melambai/ Banjar Sulawesi Lor]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.kalsel.go.id/ Pamaréntah Propinsi Kalimantan Kidul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218062705/http://www.kalsel.go.id/ |date=2007-02-18 }}
* [http://osdir.com/ml/culture.region.Indonésia.ppi-india/2005-02/msg00171.html Urang Banjar dan Etnisitas ing Kalimantan Kidul]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://kesultanan_pasir.tripod.com/sadurangas/id02.html Kesultanan Pasir]
* [http://www.dayakology.com/kr/ind/2002/80/kerabat.htm/ Suku Banjar Kalimantan Barat] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20030509224622/http://www.dayakology.com/kr/ind/2002/80/kerabat.htm/ |date=2003-05-09 }}
* [http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=BJN Basa Banjar ing ethnologue.com]
* Banjar Malaysia
** {{ms}} [http://www.mybanjar.com/?lang=my&amp;cat=1&amp;id=1&amp;mnu=1 Persatuan Banjar Kuala Lumpur &amp; Sgarudhaor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714141928/http://www.mybanjar.com/?lang=my&amp;cat=1&amp;id=1&amp;mnu=1 |date=2011-07-14 }}
** {{ms}} [http://mypbm.org/aspati-cms/index.php Pertubuhan Banjar Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100519094625/http://mypbm.org/aspati-cms/index.php |date=2010-05-19 }}
** {{ms}} [http://members.tripod.com/~serambi_banjar/index401.html/ Orang Banjar ing Malaysia]
** {{ms}} [http://wadik.blogdrive.com/archive/ Banjar Sungai Manik, Malaysia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305050905/http://wadik.blogdrive.com/archive |date=2010-03-05 }}— weblog pribadi
** {{ms}} [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/kulaan-banjar/messages?o=1/ Kulaan Banjar]

[[Kategori:Suku Banjar| ]]
[[Kategori:Suku ing Kalimantan Kidul]]
[[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia|Banjar, Suku]]
[[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Malaysia|Banjar, Suku]]
[[Kategori:Padunung asli ing Indonésia|Banjar, Suku]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vuvuzela</title>
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'''Vuvuzela''' iku instrumèn sebul utawa mèmper sasangka saka [[Afrika Kidul]]. Instrumèn iki digawé saka kayu utawa bahan liya awujud bumbungan sing dawané kurang luwih 62&amp;nbsp;cm lan ing pucuké ana kaya mangkoké. Ing pucuk sijiné iku ana bolongan kanggo nyebul. Vuvuzela bisa nggawé swara sing gedhéné nganti 130 decibel utawa 113 decibel ing jarak 2 mèter.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0256-95742010000400024&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en|publisher=SAMJ: South African Medical Journal|title=Football match spectator sound exposure and effect on hearing: A pretest-post-test study|first=Swanepoel|last=Hall|date=2010-12-06|access-date=2010-06-12|archive-date=2021-06-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611050815/http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0256-95742010000400024&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cathetan sikil ==
{{Commons category|Vuvuzelas}}
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Instrumèn musik]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tas</title>
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[[Gambar:MOB BAG.jpg|thumb|250 px|Tas]]

'''Tas''' yaiku wadhah kang duwé tutup kang bisa digawa lelungan.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;&gt;[http://www.lintasberita.com/Fun/Tips-Trick/12-jenis-tas-wanita lintasberita.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818231500/http://www.lintasberita.com/Fun/Tips-Trick/12-jenis-tas-wanita |date=2011-08-18 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 8 Juni 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Bahan kanggo nggawé tas yaiku [[kertas]], [[tuwuhan]], [[plastik]], [[kulit]], kain lan liya-liyané.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet2&quot;&gt;[http://woman.kapanlagi.com/fashion/tips-and-tricks/3043-12-jenis-tas-wanita.html woman.kapanlagi.com]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 8 Juni 2011)&lt;/ref&gt; Tas lumrahé kanggo wadhah [[pakéyan]], [[buku]], [[make up]] lan liya-liyané.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tas ana uga kang digéndhong ing geger.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tas iki diarani tas [[ransel]], déné tas kang ukurané gedhé lan kanggo wadhah pakéyan kang cacahé akèh diarani [[koper]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Koper asalé saka basa [[Landa]] ya iku ''koffer''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tas ana kang dhapuré kothak lan lumrahé dianggo wong wadon kanggo wadhah ''make up''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tas iki diarani tas ''kecantikan'' utawa ''beauty case''.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

Tas saiki wis dadi [[indhustri]] kang nguntungaké.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Rata-rata para [[pandhudhuk]] ing donya mèh kabèh tuku tas.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Para pengusaha uga nduwéni kawigatén kanggo usaha tas.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; Tas ana uga kang digawé saka [[bathik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt; [[Modhèl]] lan wujud tas warna-warna. Tas uga bisa dhimodhifikasi karo bahan liyané supaya dadi unik|[[unik]].

&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot; /&gt;Wektu nganggo tas, luwih becik milih tas sing cocog karo kabutuhan lan kahanané. Aja nganggo tas sing ora pas karo kegiyatan, kaya nganggo tas cilik kanggo lelungan adoh, soale ora cukup kanggo nyimpen barang akèh. Saliyane kuwi, aja nyimpen barang abot banget ing tas cilik, merga isa ndadekaké tasé rusak. Yen tas kuwi digawe saka kulit utawa kain alus, aja ditaruh ing papan teles utawa reged, awit isa ngrusak bahané. Ngrumat tas sing apik uga penting, supaya isa awet lan isa digunakaké suwe.

== Jinis ==
=== Miturut wujud lan ukuran ===
* [[Tas Selempang]]&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
* [[Tas Ransel]]&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
* [[Tas Pista]]&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
* [[Beauty Case]]&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
* [[Tas Laptop]]&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
* [[Tas Hobo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
* [[Koper]]&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

=== Miturut bahan kang mbentuk ===
* Tas Kertas&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
* Tas Plastik&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
* Tas Rajut&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
* Tas Spunbound&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
* Tas Berbahan Alami&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;
* Tas Daur Ulang&lt;ref name=&quot;internet1&quot;/&gt;

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Tas]]


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  <page>
    <title>Taqiyyuddin An Nabhani</title>
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'''Taqiyyuddin An Nabhani'''  (1914 – 11 Dhésèmber 1977) ya iku pelopor saka anané Hizbut Tahrir.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 1&quot;&gt;[http://osdir.com/ml/culture.region.indonesia.ppi-india/2005-03/msg00888.html]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} osdir.com (diaksés tanggal 7 Oktober 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lair ==
Syaikh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani lair ing [[Ijzim]], tlatah [[Haifa]].

== Jeneng lan Nasab ==
Jeneng jangkepé ya iku Muhammad Taqiyuddin bin Ibrahim bin Musthafa bin Ismail bin Yusuf an-Nabhani.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 2&quot;&gt;[http://www.freelists.org/post/ppi/ppiindia-Biografi-Singkat-Pendiri-Hizbut-Tahrir-SYAIKH-TAQIYUDDIN-ANNABHANI]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} freelists.org (diaksés tanggal 7 Oktober 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;

Gelar Âan-nabhaniÂ dinisbataké kanggo kabilah [[Bani Nabhan]], wong [[Arab]] ing [[padang sahara]] ing [[Palestina|Palèstina]] kang padha manggon ing tlatah [[Ijzim]], Haifa ing [[Palestin]] Lor.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 5&quot;&gt;[http://www.lintasberita.com/Dunia/Berita-Dunia/taqiyuddin-an-nabhani]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} lintasberita.com (diaksés tanggal 7 Oktober 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;

Bapaké ya iku guru ngèlmu-ngèlmu saréngat di Kementerian Pendhidhikan [[Palestina|Palèstina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 5&quot;/&gt;

== Perkembangan ==
Pendhidhikan kawiwitan kang ditampa saka bapaké, dhèwèké wis apal Quran sakdurungen umur 13 taun. Dhèwèké uga éntuk piwulangan fikih lan basa [[Arab]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;&gt;[http://hti-hsu.mywibes.com/About_HT/Hizbut_Tahrir/Syech_Taqiyuddin_An_Nabhani_Pendiri_HT/index.amp?s=1a6e3f24fc4a1e23d62f22b3de87490e] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311015307/http://hti-hsu.mywibes.com/about_ht/hizbut_tahrir/syech_taqiyuddin_an_nabhani_pendiri_ht/index.amp?s=1a6e3f24fc4a1e23d62f22b3de87490e |date=2016-03-11 }} mywibes.com (diaksés tanggal 7 Oktober 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
Dhèwèké namatake SD ing désane. Ibuné uga nguwasani cabang ngèlmu saréngat saka simbahe ya iku [[Syaikh Yusuf an-Nabhani]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;/&gt;
Dhèwèké uga diopeni déning simbahé, [[Syaikh Yusuf bin Ismail bin Yusuf bin Ismail bin Hasan bin Muhammad Nashiruddin an-Nabhani]]; sawijining qadhi, penyair, sastrawan, lan ulama gedhé. Dhèwèké ngangsu kawruh babagan pulitik saka simbahe amarga simbahe tau ngalami langsung jaman penguwasa [[Utsmaniyah]].
Dhèwèké uga kerep mèlu sesorah lan dhiskusi karo mbahe.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 4&quot;&gt;[http://www.opensubscriber.com/message/ppiindia@yahoogroups.com/880101.html]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Taqiyyuddin An Nabhani (diaksés tanggal 7 Oktober 2011)&lt;/ref&gt;
Syaikh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani sakawit cilik wis tansah raket karo babagan-babagan pulitik. Kabèh mau duwé prabawa marang awake dhèwèké. Weruh kaanan iki, simbahe ngongkon bapaké supaya ngirim Taqiyuddin marang [[Al-Azhar]] kanggo nerusaké nyinaoni ngèlmu-ngèlmu saréngat.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 1&quot;/&gt;

== Pendhidhikan ==
Syaikh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani namatake pendhidhikan dhasar ing sekolah dhasar nagari ing [[Ijzim]]. Dhèwèké banjur nerusaké menyang sekolah menengah ing [[Akka]]. Banjur nerusaké ing Tsanawiyah Syariah ing [[Haifa]]. Sadurungé ngrampungaké, dhèwèké pindhah menyang [[Kairo]]; nerusaké ing Tsanawiyah al-Azhar (padha SMU) taun 1928. Ing taun iku uga dhèwèké éntuk ijazah. Banjur dhèwèké nerusaké menyang [[Kulliyah Dar al-Ulum]] ya iku [[al-Azhar]] lan ing wektu kang padha dhèwèké uga kuliyah ing [[Universitas al-Azhar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 2&quot;/&gt;

Kanthi sistem al-Azhar wektu iku, mahasiswa bisa milih syaikh al-Azhar lan nekani halaqah-halaqah basa Arab, fikih, ushul fikih, tapsir. hadis, tauhid, dan ngèlmu-ngèlmu saréngat lainnya. Nalika iku Saikh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani milih lan mèlu halaqah syaikh al-Azhar kaya kang disaranake déning mbahe, Syaikh Yusuf an-Nabhani; ing antarané mèlu halaqah [[Syaikh al-Hidhir (al-Akhdar) Husain]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 4&quot;/&gt;

Taun 1932 dhèwèké lulus saka [[Kulliyah Dar al-Ulum]] lan namatake sekolahé ing [[al-Azhar as-Syarif]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;/&gt;

Saksuwenen sinau ing 2 Universitas dhèwèké ketok cerdhas lan tenanan. Dhèwèké kawentar wong kang duwé pamikir kang jero, penemu kang kuwat, lan argumentasi kang kuwat saben dhiskusi lan forum pamikir; dhèwèké uga tekun, tenanan, lan gedhé kawigatene kanggo ngangsu kawruh lan sinau.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 4&quot;/&gt;

Ijazahe dhèwèké ya iku ing antarané: Ijazah Tsanawiyah al-Azhariyah; Ijazah al-Ghuraba saka al-Azhar; Diploma Basa lan Sastra Arab saka Dar al-Ulum; Ijazah sajeroning Peradilan saka Ma'had al-'Ali li al-Qadha', salah siji cabang al-Azhar. Taun 1932 dhèwèké éntuk Syahâdah al-'Âlamiyyah (Ijazah Internasional) Syariah saka[[Universitas al-Azhar as-Syarif]] kanthi predikat excellent.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;/&gt;

== Karier ==
Sawisé ngrampungaké sekolah ing Dar al-Ulum lan al-Azhar, Syaikh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani bali menyang [[Palestina|Palèstina]] lan wiwit mulang ing Sekolah Tsanawiyah Negeri lan ing sekolah-sekolah [[Islam]] ing [[Haifa]]. Aktivitas mulange dilakoni sakawit taun 1932-1938. Taun 1938 dhèwèké makarya ing lapangan Peradilan amarga miturute dhèwèké pendhidhikan lan kabèh aktivitas kang ana kaitane karo kurikulum wis akèh diprabawai Barat saéngga wis nyimpang. Suwalike, babagan peradilan relatif luwih kejaga mula dhèwèké makarya ing Mahkamah Syariah.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 2&quot;/&gt;

Taun 1938 dhèwèké dadi Sekretaris Mahkamah ing [[Bissan]], banjur pindhah menyang [[Taberriya]]. Syaikh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani njaluk dadi qadhi. Majelis al-Islami al-A'la lalu sarujuk lan mindhahake dhèwèké menyang Mahkamah Syariah ing [[Haifa]] kanggo dadi Kepala Sekretaris (Bâsy Kâtib).&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 1&quot;/&gt;

Taun 1940, dhèwèké diangkat dadi asistèn (musyâwir) qadhi tekan taun 1945. Ing taun iki dhèwèké diangkat dadi qadhi ing [[Ramalah]] tekan taun 1948. Taun iki uga dhèwèké kepeksa eksodus menyang [[Syria]] amarga Palèstina direbut [[Yahudi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 4&quot;/&gt;

Taun 1948, [[Ustadz Anwar al-Khatib]], ngirim surat njaluk supaya dhèwèké bali menyang [[Palestina|Palèstina]] kanggo dadi qadhi ing [[al-Quds]] (Yerusalem). Mula, sakawit taun 1948 Syaikh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani dadi qadhi ing Mahkamah Syariah ing [[al-Quds]] (Yerusalem).&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;/&gt;

Déning Kepala Mahkamah Syariah lan Kepala Mahkamah Isti'naf nalika iku, [[Syaikh Abd al-Hamid as-Sa'ih]], Syaikh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani diangkat dadi anggota Mahkamah Isti'naf. Dhèwèké ing kalungguhan iki tekan taun 1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 2&quot;/&gt;

Taun 1951 dhèwèké pindhah menyang [[Amman]] lan mulang ing Fakultas Ilmu-ngèlmu Islam (Al-Kulliyah al-'Ilmiyyah al-Islâmiyyah) tekan taun 1953. Dhèwèké mulang Tsaqâfah al-Islâmiyyah sawisé éntuk idin saka dekane, ya iku [[Ustadz Basyir Shiba]]. Bukune dhèwèké ya iku [[As-Syakhshiyyah al-Islâmiyyah]] dadi buku ajar.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 2&quot;/&gt;

== Aktivitas Pulitik ==
Sakbaline saka [[al-Azhar]], dhèwèké banget nggatekake upaya pembaratan umat Islam kang dilakokake déning penjajah kaya [[Inggris]] lan [[Prancis]]. Dhèwèké uga nyambung kontak lan dhiskusi karo para ulama tokoh pergerakan lan tokoh masarakat kanggo yasa manèh umat [[Islam]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 1&quot;/&gt;

Syaikh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani uga naté ketemu Mujahid [[Syaikh Izzuddin al-Qasam]] kanggo ngrancang rencana nentang Inggris lan Yahudi.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 1&quot;/&gt;

Direbute [[Palestina|Palèstina]] saka Yahudi taun 1948 mènèhi keyakinan kanggo dhèwèké manawa aktivitas kang terorganisasi lan duwé akar pamikir [[Islam]] kang kuwat kang bisa mbalekake kakuwatan lan keagungan umat Islam.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;/&gt;

Saka iku dhèwèké wiwit nyepakake persiapan kang pas kanggo struktur parté,rujukan pamikir lan liyané. Taun 1950 dhèwèké nulis buku kanggo kapisanan, ya iku [[Inqâdz Filisthin]]. Dhèwèké nidhokake manawa [[Islam]] wis ana ing [[Palestina|Palèstina]] sakawit abad VII, lan manawa sebab utama mundure amarga umat wis narik awake dhéwé lan nyerahake marang kekuasaan penjajah.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 4&quot;/&gt;

Taun 1950, dhèwèké arep nekani KTT Kebudayaan Liga Arab ing [[Alexandria]], [[Mesir]], nanging ora éntuk lunga. Padahal, Mantri Pendidikan lan Qadhi Qudhat (Hakim Agung) wektu iku, [[Syaikh Muhammad al-Amin as-Sanqaythi]] wis nyarujuki.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;/&gt;

Akhire dhèwèké ngirim kanggo para peserta KTT lan banjur kawentar kanthi jeneng [[Risâlah al-'Arab]]. Dhèwèké ngandakake manawa misi kang bener lan hakiki saka Arab ya iku Islam; mung ing sakdhuwure asas Islam pamikir pulitik umat Islam akan bisa dijupuk.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;/&gt;

Nanging ora ana respon saka anggota KTT. Mula kabèh mau sansaya ngyakinake dhèwèké manawa yasa parté pulitik menjadi prakara kang sangat urgen.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 1&quot;/&gt;

Saka iku,akir 1952 lan awal 1953, kabèh persiapan diwujudake sajeroning tataran praktis, banjur [[Hizbut Tahrir]] (HT) didegake ing [[al-Quds]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 2&quot;/&gt;

Nanging pamarintah Yordania nglarang anané HT amarga dianggep ilegal.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 2&quot;/&gt;

Taun 1953, jaman kabinèt Tawfiq Abdul Hadi (alm.), Syaikh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani karo Ustadz Dawud Hamdan ditangkep ing [[al-Quds]]; sawatara Munir Syaqir lan Ghanim Abduh ditangkep ing Amman; banjur Dr. Abd al-Aziz al-Khiyath uga ditangkep; lan kabèh dilebokake kunjara.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;/&gt;

Nalika iku, HT bisa ngyakinake wakil rakyat lan pejabat kabinèt ing [[Amman]]. Akhire sekelompok wakil rakyat, pengacara, pebisnis, lan wong kang duwé kedudukan ngirimake petisi supaya Syaikh Taqiyuddin lan kolegane dibebasake.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;/&gt;

Wulan November 1953, Syaikh Taqiyuddin an-Nabhani pindhah menyang [[Damaskus]] lan nyebarake dakwah. Nanging, sawijining dina intelijen Syiria nggawa dhèwèké menyang wates Syria-Lebanon. Saka bantuan Mufti Lebanon, [[Syaikh Hasan al-'Alaya]],
akhire dhèwèké éntuk idin kanggo lumebu [[Lebanon]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 4&quot;/&gt;

Dhèwèké nyebarake pamikir ing [[Lebanon]] kanthi gampang tekan taun 1958, ya iku nalika pamarintah [[Lebanon]] wiwit ngrusak uripé dhèwèké amarga ngrasakake bebaya saka pemikirane dhèwèké. Akhire, dhèwèké pindhah saka [[Beirut]] menyang [[Tharablus]] lan kepeksa ngowahi penampilane supaya gampang mimpin HT.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;/&gt;

Saksuwene iku dhèwèké tansah nyekel Qiyadah (Kepemimpinan) HT. Dhèwèké uga tansah ''update'' berita saka koran, médhia, radio, lan liya-liyané; banjur nulis analisis pulitik lan disebarake nganggo atas nama HT.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 4&quot;/&gt;

== Wafat ==
Dhèwèké sedo tanggal 1 Muharam 1398 H utawa 11 Dhésèmber 1977 M. Jisime dimakamke ing pemakaman Syuhada' al-Auza'i, Beirut.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 2&quot;/&gt;

== Karya ==
Peninggalane dhèwèké ya iku wujud parté (Hizbut Tahrir) kang solid.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 1&quot;/&gt;

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Cendekiawan Muslim|An Nabhani]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1914]]
[[Kategori:Pati 1977]]</text>
      <sha1>eauxex821xw2kvyw3vwud5hsu2bb6ly</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Universitas Andalas</title>
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      <text bytes="32544" sha1="aeftq0by1g59bcnow3wt3f8dtc5r9q9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox University 
|name         = Universitas Andalas
|image_name   = Logo_Unand_PTN-BH.png
|image_size   = 150px
|motto        = ''Untuk Kedjajaan Bangsa'' ([[Basa Indonesia|Indonesia]])
|established  = 23 Dhésèmber 1955
|type         = [[Pratélaning paguron dhuwur nagara ing Indonésia|Pawiyatan luhur nagari]]
|rector       = Prof. Dr. Tafdil Husni, S.E., MBA
|city         = [[Kutha Padang|Padang]]
|state        = [[Sumatra Kulon]]
|country      = [[Indonésia]]
|academic_staff = 2.600
|faculty      = 
|students     = 26.000
|undergrad    = 
|postgrad     = 
|doctoral     = 
|profess      = 
|specialist   = 
|extension    = 
|int'l class  =  
|campus       = [[area urban|Urban]] 
|colors       = Ijo
|nickname     = 
|affiliations = 
|website      = {{url|http://www.unand.ac.id/}}
|footnotes    = 
|address      = 
|telephone    = +62 751 71181
}}
'''Universitas Andalas (Unand)''' iku [[pawiyatan luhur]] nagari ing [[Kutha Padang|Padang]], [[Indonésia]], kang madeg tanggal 23 Dhésèmber 1955. Rektor Universitas Andalas wiwit taun 2015-2019 yaiku Prof. Dr. Tafdil Husni, SE, MBA

== Fakultas ==
Universitas Andalas duwé 11 [[fakultas]] kanggo program [[sarjana]], 2 politèknik lan 1 fakultas [[pascasarjana]], yaiku:

# Fakultas Pertanian&lt;ref&gt;[http://faperta.unand.ac.id Fakultas Pertanian]&lt;/ref&gt;
## Jurusan Agribisnis (akreditasi B)
## Jurusan Agroékotèknologi(akreditasi A)
# Fakultas Tèknologi Pertanian&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fateta.unand.ac.id/ |title=Fakultas Tèknologi Pertanian |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2016-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813175857/http://fateta.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
## Jurusan Tèknologi Pertanian(akreditasi B)
## Jurusan Tèknik Pertanian (akreditasi B)
# Fakultas Kedhokteran&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fk.unand.ac.id/ |title=Fakultas Kedhokteran |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2013-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306101839/http://fk.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
## Program Pendhidhikan Dhokter Umum(akreditasi A)
## Program Studi Èlmu Keperawatan&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.psik-unand.co.cc Program Studi Èlmu Keperawatan]&lt;/ref&gt;
## Program Studi Èlmu Kaséhatan Masarakat&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://psikm.unand.ac.id/ |title=Program Studi Èlmu Kaséhatan Masyarakat |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2011-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001033049/http://psikm.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (akreditasi C)
## Program Studi Pendhidhikan Dhokter Gigi
## Program Studi Psikologi
# Fakultas Matématika lan Èlmu Pengetahuan Alam&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fmipa.unand.ac.id/ |title=Fakultas Matématika lan Èlmu Pengetahuan Alam |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2016-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816111850/http://fmipa.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
## Jurusan Kimia (akreditasi A)
## Jurusan Matématika (akreditasi B)
## Jurusan Fisika (akreditasi B)
## Jurusan Sistem Komputer
## Jurusan Biologi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://biologi.unand.ac.id/ |title=Jurusan Biologi |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2009-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907072925/http://biologi.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (akreditasi A)
# Fakultas Farmasi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://ffarmasi.unand.ac.id/ |title=Fakultas Farmasi |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2016-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160904064416/http://ffarmasi.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
## Program Reguler Farmasi (akreditasi A)
## Program Ekstensi Farmasi
# Fakultas Hukum&lt;ref&gt;[http://fhuk.unand.ac.id Fakultas Hukum]&lt;/ref&gt;
## Program Reguler Èlmu Hukum (akreditasi A)
## Program Ekstensi Èlmu Hukum
# Fakultas Ékonomi&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fekon.unand.ac.id/ |title=Fakultas Ekonomi |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2016-08-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160825154016/http://fekon.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
## Program S-1 Reguler
### Jurusan Ékonomi Pangyasa (akreditasi A)
### Jurusan Manajemen (akreditasi A)
### Jurusan Akuntansi (akreditasi A)
## Program S-1 Internasional
## Program S-1 Ekstensi
## Program Diploma 3
### Program Diploma 3 Regular
#### Program Studi Pemasaran
#### Program Studi Akuntansi
#### Program Studi Kesekretariatan &amp; Manajemen Perkantoran
#### Program Studi Keuangan Perbankkan
#### Program Studi Keuangan Nagara &amp; Laladan
### Program Diploma 3 Ekstensi
#### Program Studi Pemasaran
#### Program Studi Akuntansi
#### Program Studi Kesekretariatan &amp; Manajemen Perkantoran
#### Program Studi Keuangan Perbankkan
#### Program Studi Keuangan Nagara &amp; Laladan
# Fakultas Peternakan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://faterna.unand.ac.id/ |title=Fakultas Peternakan |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2013-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127060043/http://faterna.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
## Èlmu peternakan(akreditasi A)
# Fakultas Sastra&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://fsastra.unand.ac.id/ |title=Fakultas Sastra |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2014-01-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104022515/http://fsastra.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
## Jurusan Èlmu Sajarah (akreditasi A)
## Jurusan Sastra Inggris (akreditasi A)
## Jurusan Sastra Basa Indonésia (akreditasi A)
## Jurusan Sastra Jepang
## Jurusan Sastra Minangkabau (akreditasi B)
# Fakultas Tèknik&lt;ref&gt;[http://ft.unand.ac.id Fakultas Tèknik]&lt;/ref&gt;
## Jurusan Tèknik Industri&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://industri.unand.ac.id/ |title=Jurusan Tèknik Industri |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2011-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117223151/http://industri.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (akreditasi B)
## Jurusan Tèknik Elektro&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://elektro.unand.ac.id/ |title=Jurusan Tèknik Elektro |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2011-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111102075037/http://elektro.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (akreditasi B)
## Jurusan Tèknik Mesin (akreditasi A)
## Jurusan Tèknik Lingkungan&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://lingkungan.unand.ac.id/ |title=Jurusan Tèknik Lingkungan |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2012-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111085556/http://lingkungan.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (akreditasi B)
## Jurusan Tèknik Sipil&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://sipil.unand.ac.id/ |title=Jurusan Tèknik Sipil |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2012-01-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103091830/http://sipil.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; (akreditasi B)
## Jurusan Sistem Informasi
# Fakultas Èlmu Sosial lan Pulitik&lt;ref&gt;[http://fisip.unand.ac.id Fakultas Èlmu Sosial lan Pulitik]&lt;/ref&gt;
## Jurusan Èlmu Pulitik&lt;ref&gt;[http://fisip.unand.ac.id/pulitik Jurusan Èlmu Pulitik]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; (akreditasi B)
## Jurusan Sosiologi&lt;ref&gt;[http://fisip.unand.ac.id/sosiologi Jurusan Sosiologi]&lt;/ref&gt; (akreditasi B)
## Jurusan Antropologi Sosial&lt;ref&gt;[http://fisip.unand.ac.id/antropologi Jurusan Antropologi Sosial]&lt;/ref&gt; (akreditasi A)
## Jurusan Administrasi Nagara&lt;ref&gt;[http://fisip.unand.ac.id/an Jurusan Administrasi Nagara]&lt;/ref&gt;
## Program Studi Hubungan International&lt;ref&gt;[http://fisip.unand.ac.id/hi Program Studi Hubungan International]&lt;/ref&gt;
## Jurusan Èlmu Komunikasi&lt;ref&gt;[http://fisip.unand.ac.id/kom Jurusan Èlmu Komunikasi]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
# Politèknik&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.polinpdg.ac.id/ |title=Politèknik |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2013-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130122012820/http://www.polinpdg.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
## Program D III
## Program D IV
# Politani
## Program D III

== Pascasarjana ==
=== Program S-2 ===
# Program Studi Biologi (akreditasi Unggul)
# Program Studi Kimia (akreditasi Unggul)
# Program Studi Matématika
# Program Studi Fisika
# Program Studi Farmasi (akreditasi B)
# Program Studi Biomedik
# Program Studi Kaséhatan Masarakat
# Program Studi Perencanaan Pangyasa (akreditasi B)
# Program Studi Pangyasa Wewengkon lan Pedésaan (akreditasi B)
# Program Studi Èlmu Hukum (akreditasi B)
# Program Magister Kenotariatan
# Program Studi Èlmu Peternakan (akreditasi Unggul)
# Program Studi Èlmu Tanah (akreditasi Unggul)
# Program Studi Èlmu Hama lan Lelara Tuwuhan (akreditasi Unggul)
# Program Studi Budidaya Pertanian (akreditasi Unggul)
# Program Studi Agronomi (akreditasi Unggul)
# Program Studi Èlmu Lingkungan
# Program Studi Tèknologi Asil Pertanian (akreditasi B)
# Program Studi Pengelolaan Terpadu Sumber Daya Alam
# Program Studi Èlmu Linguistik Kebudayaan
# Program Studi Ketahanan Pangan lan Gizi
# Program Studi POLOKDA
# Program Studi Tèknik Mesin
# Program Studi Tèknik Sipil
# Program Magister Managemen&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://mm.unand.ac.id/ |title=Program Magister Managemen |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2011-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204071343/http://mm.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;(akreditasi B)
# Program Studi Tèknik Mesin
# Program Studi Èlmu Sajarah
# Program Studi Sosiologi
# Program Magister Akuntansi
# Program Studi Pangyasa Perumahan lan Pemukiman
# Program Studi Èlmu Ékonomi Pertanian

=== Program Pendhidhikan Dhokter Spésialis I ===
# Èlmu Bedhah
# Èlmu Kaséhatan Anak
# [http://tht.fk.unand.ac.id/ Èlmu Kaséhatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorok Bedah Kepala Leher (THT-KL)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111111060200/http://tht.fk.unand.ac.id/ |date=2011-11-11 }}
# Èlmu Lelara Sajeroning
# Kulit lan Kelamin
# Mata
# Neurologi
# Obstetri lan Ginekologi
# Patologi Anatomi
# Patologi Klinik
# Pulmonologi

=== Program S-3 ===
# Program Studi Èlmu Biomedik
# Program Studi Agronomi
# Program Studi Èlmu Tanah
# Program Studi Èlmu Kimia
# Program Studi Biologi
# Program Èlmu Peternakan
# Program Èlmu Hama lan Lelara Tuwuhan
# Program Èlmu Pangyasa Pertanian
# Program Èlmu Ékonomi
# Program Èlmu Hukum

== Fasilitas kampus ==

=== Kampus ===
Unand duwé lokasi pembelajaran ing Kampus Limau Manis 500 hèktar, Kampus Jati 10.073 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, lan Kampus Fakultas Kedhokteran 28.000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;.
 
=== Fasilitas Utama ===
* Laboratorium Dasar lan sawatara Laboratorium kang pepak lan modhèren ing saben fakultas/jurusan
* Rumah Sakit Pendhidhikan (RSUP M. Djamil)
* Kapustakan Pusat lan sawatara Kapustakan kang kasebar ing saben Fakultas/Jurusan
* Laboratorium Biota Sumatra
* Kebun Raya Andalas
* Hutan Pendhidhikan lan Panelitèn Biologi
* Lahan Peternakan
* Sawah Panelitèn
* Kebun Tuwuhan Obat (Arboretum)
* Laboratorium Komputasi
* Dll

=== Fasilitas pendhukung ===
* Gedhong Pusat Kegiatan Mahasiswa (PKM)
* Asrama Mahasiswa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://asrama.unand.ac.id/ |title=Asrama Mahasiswa |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2010-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924043336/http://asrama.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Auditorium berkapasitas 8000 audiens lan Madani Convention Center
* Masjid Nurul Ilmi Unand lan Musholla ing sabenfakultas/jurusan
* Fasilitas Ulah raga
** Basket, Voli, Futsal, Panjat Tebing, Sepak Bola lan lain-lain
* Bank, ATM, lan Kantor Pos
** BNI, Bank Mandiri, Bank Nagari
* Bus Kampus, Pujasera, Minimarket
* Fasilitas Internet Hotspot

== Lembaga panelitèn ==

Lembaga Panelitèn Universitas Andalas, Rektorat Unand Lt. 2, Kampus Unand Limau Manis, Padang. Telepon: (0751) 72645, Faks: (0751) 72645 dumadi saka:
# Lembaga Panelitèn Babagan Ékonomi, dumadi:
## Pusat Studi Keuangan Laladan (PSKD)
## Lembaga Panelitèn Ékonomi Regional (LPER)
## Lembaga Pengkajian Ékonomi lan Pangyasa (LPEP)
## Pusat Studi Kependudukan
## Pusat Pengembangan Akutansi (PPA)
## Pusat Studi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (PSPSDM)
## Pusat Studi Wanita
# Lembaga Panelitèn Babagan Pertanian lan peternakan, dumadi saka:
## Pusat Studi Irigasi
## Pusat Panelitèn Pemanfaatan Èlmu lan Tèknologi Nuklir
## Pusat Panelitèn Kehutanan
## Pusat Panelitèn Pengembangan Hewan lan Sapi
# Lembaga Panelitèn Babagan Budaya lan Kemasyarakatan, dumadi saka:
## Pusat Studi Otonomi Laladan
## Pusat Studi Pengembangan lan Owah-owahan Sosial Budaya
## Pusat Studi Budaya lan Masarakat Minangkabau
## Pusat Kajian Hukum Wewengkon Kulon
## Pusat Studi Konstitusi (Pusako) ing FH Unand, diketuai Prof. Dr. Saldi Isra
## Pusat Studi Pedésaan
## Pusat Kajian Masalah Perkotaan
## Pusat Studi Amérika
## Pusat Studi Èlmu, Tèknologi lan Budaya Jepang
# Lembaga Panelitèn Babagan Sumber Daya Alam lan Lingkungan, dumadi saka:
## Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup
## Pusat Kajian Sumber Daya Alam
## Pusat Studi Alam Sumatra
# Lembaga Panelitèn Babagan Kaséhatan
## Pusat Studi Tumbuhan Obat
## Pusat Kajian Kaséhatan

== ICT UNAND ==

Pusat data ana ing ICT UNAND, Lt. 1 Gedung Pustaka Pusat UNAND.

== Keluarga Mahasiswa Universitas Andalas ==

{|
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
* '''Keluarga Mahasiswa Universitas Andalas(KM_UNAND)'''

Legislatif Mahasiswa 
** Dewan Perwakilan Mahasiswa (DPM) Universitas Andalas
** Dewan Legislatif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Tèknik  (BEM-KM F.Tèknik Unand)
** Dewan Legislatif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Farmasi (BEM-KM F.Farmasi Unand)
** Dewan Legislatif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas MIPA    (BEM-KM F.MIPA Unand)
** Dewan Legislatif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Peternakan (BEM-KM F.Peternakan Unand)
** Dewan Legislatif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Pertanian (BEM-KM F.Pertanian Unand)
** Dewan Legislatif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Tèknologi Pertanian (BEM-KM F.T.Pertanian Unand)
** Dewan Legislatif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Ékonomi (BEM-KM F.Ékonomi Unand)
** Dewan Legislatif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedhokteran (BEM-KM F.Kedhokteran Unand)
** Dewan Legislatif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas ISIP (BEM-KM F.ISIP Unand)
** Dewan Legislatif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum (BEM-KM F.Hukum Unand)
** Dewan Legislatif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Sastra (BEM-KM F.Sastra Unand)

Eksekutif Mahasiswa
** [http://www.bem.unand.ac.id Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa (BEM-KM Unand) Universitas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116131119/http://bem.unand.ac.id/ |date=2011-11-16 }}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.bem.unand.ac.id/ |title=BEM KM UNAND |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2011-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116131119/http://bem.unand.ac.id/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
** Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Tèknik  (BEM-KM F.Tèknik Unand)
** Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Farmasi (BEM-KM F.Farmasi Unand)
** Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas MIPA    (BEM-KM F.MIPA Unand)
** Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Peternakan (BEM-KM F.Peternakan Unand)
** Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Pertanian (BEM-KM F.Pertanian Unand)
** Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Tèknologi Pertanian (BEM-KM F.T.Pertanian Unand)
** Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Ékonomi (BEM-KM F.Ékonomi Unand)
** Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedhokteran (BEM-KM F.Kedhokteran Unand)
** Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas ISIP (BEM-KM F.ISIP Unand)
** Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Hukum (BEM-KM F.Hukum Unand)
** Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa Kulawarga-Mahasiswa Fakultas Sastra (BEM-KM F.Sastra Unand)
** Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Tingkat Universitas
** FKI Rabbani Unand (Forum Kajian Islam Rabbani universitas Andalas)
** UKM Ulah raga&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.bbmkonline2009.com/ukm.php?ukm_id=51 |title=UKM Ulah raga |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2009-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090907235329/http://www.bbmkonline2009.com/ukm.php?ukm_id=51 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
** UKM Pandekar
** UKM Penalaran
** [http://www.neotelemetri.com UKM Neo Telemetri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205030206/http://neotelemetri.com/ |date=2011-12-05 }}
** Pengenalan Hukum lan Pulitik Unand (UKM PHP UNAND)
** Pojok Bursa Efek Jakarta (BEJ)
** English Association of Science CommuniTy (EAST)
** UKM Sinematografi
** UKM Pers Genta Andalas&lt;ref&gt;[http://gentaandalaspress-unand.blogspot.com UKM Pers Genta Andalas]&lt;/ref&gt;
** [http://www.pramukaunand.org UKM Pramuka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923065732/http://www.pramukaunand.org/ |date=2011-09-23 }}
** UK Kesenian
** UKM Pengembangan Èlmu lan Kandungan Al-Qur'an (PIKA) 
** Koperasi Mahasiswa Andalas
** Rèsimèn Mahasiswa (Menwa)
** UKM Korp Suka Rela Palang Merah Indonésia (KSR PMI)
** MAPALA&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://mapalaunand.com/ |title=MAPALA |access-date=2011-11-18 |archive-date=2011-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103070540/http://mapalaunand.com/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
** Association Internationale des Étudiants en Sciences Économiques et Commerciales (AIESEC)&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.is/20120719131921/aiesecua.blogspot.com/ (AIESEC)]&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

** Tingkat Fakultas
*** Fakultas Tèknik
**** Himpunan Mahasiswa Tèknik Industri
**** Himpunan Mahasiswa Tèknik Lingkungan
**** Himpunan Mahasiswa Tèknik Sipil
**** Himpunan Mahasiswa Tèknik Mesin
**** Himpunan Mahasiswa Tèknik Elektro
*** Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa Fakultas Tèknik
**** Foristek (Forum Studi Islam Tèknik)
**** EBC (Engineering Bridge Club)
*** Fakultas Peternakan
**** Mapala Svarna Dvipa Ungu

== Mahasiswa ==
Mahasiswa Unand asal saka manéka laladan kaya ta: [[Sumatra Kulon]], Acèh, Riau, Sumatra Lor, Bengkulu, Sumatra Kidul, Lampung, Jambi, Kapuloan Riau, Jakarta, Jawa Kulon, Banten lll. Saliyané iku, ing Unand ana mahasiswa manca nagara (Malaysia) kang nuntut èlmu ing kana, mligi ing Fakultas Kedhokteran, Fakultas Ékonomi lan Fakultas Farmasi

== Biaya Kuliah ==
* Biaya kuliah kanggo Mahasiswa Indonésia (Ujian Masuk Bersama lan SNMPTN/tidak kalebu Ujian Mandiri)
** Mahasiswa S1 lan D3
*** Mahasiswa Lama: SPP Rp. 750.000 persemester (durung kalebu biaya transportasi bus kampus, asrama)
*** Mahasiswa Baru: SPP Rp. 750.000 persemester (durung kalebu biaya Sumbangan Pengembangan Pendhidhikan, transportasi bus kampus, asrama, ICT lan tes NAPZA)
** Mahasiswa Paska Sarjana
*** Tergantung program studi kang diambil
* Biaya Kuliah kanggo Mahasiswa Asing
** Mahasiswa S1 lan D3
*** Tergantung program studi kang diambil

== Beasiswa ==
Beasiswa Etos Dompet Duafa Republika, PT. Semen Gresik, Beasiswa Eka Tjipta Foundation, PPA,L'oreal, [http://www.karyasalemba4.org Karya Salemba Empat] dll.

== Kerja sama karo instansi/lembaga lain ==
* Lembaga Sajeroning Negeri
** Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi, Mahkamah Konstitusi, Departemen Keuangan, Bank Indonésia lan sapanunggalané
* Lembaga Sajabaning Negeri
** JICA, FBRT and DGHE; IMT-GT UNINET; Gafenas, Negeri Sembilan; The United Nations Support Facility for Indonésian Recovery; PUTMIL CONSORTIUM (SDN) BHD Malaysia,

== Prestasi kampus ==
# PTN Paling apik II Nasional ing sajabaning Pulo Jawa (Asil Akreditasi BAN PT)
# PT Peringkat 14 Nasional sajeroning kriteria alumni pawiyatan luhur kang paling diminati perusahaan utawa Peringkat I ing sajabaning Pulo Jawa (versi Pusdata Majalah Tempo taun 2006)
# Universitas Andalas olèh akreditasi B saka BAN PT
# Universitas Andalas duwé 130 Guru Besar/Profesor lan minangka Universitas kang duwé Guru Besar paling akèh ing Sumatra (Per 24 September 2010)
# Nduwèni Jurnal Panelitèn terakreditasi
# Fakultas Kedhokteran Universitas Andalas minangka pembina (supervisi) marang Fakultas Kedhokteran Universitas Baiturrahmah Sumatra Kulon lan Fakultas Kedhokteran Universitas Riau
# Fakultas Kedhokteran (FK) UNAND minangka FK kapisan ing Indonésia kang dadi pioner sajeroning ngayahi pendhidhikan kanthi Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi (KBK), kang bekerjasama karo Health Workforce and service (HWS) project saka Direktorat Jendral Pendhidhikan Tinggi (DItjen Dikti) Kementerian Pendhidhikan Nasional
# Fakultas Kedhokteran Universitas Andalas minangka salah satu saka 13 Fakultas Kedhokteran ing Indonésia kang diakoni/terakreditasi déning Pamaréntah Malaysia
# Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas minangka pembinan (supervisi) marang Jurusan Farmasi Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Jakarta.
# Universitas Andalas minangka salah Satu PTN pionir sajeroning penyelenggaraan Kuliah Umum Kewirausahaan tumrap mahasiswa
# Fakultas Ékonomi Universitas Andalas kalebu ke sajeroning 6 pawiyatan luhur kang dipercaya Departemen Keuangan RI kanggo ngayahi Kursus Keuangan Laladan (Unand, UI, UGM, Unsrat, Unibraw, lan Unhas)
# Universitas Andalas minangka Perguruan Tinggi kang kalebu ''Quality Leading Institution'' (ing Sumatra: Unand Padang, USU Medan, lan Unsri Palembang)
# Universitas Andalas kalebu sajeroning 100 pawiyatan luhur paling apik ing ASEAN (peringkat 26) utawa peringkat 8 ing Indonésia (paling apik sajabaning pulo Jawa) dhedhasar survey Webometric per Januari 2011
# Universitas Andalas kalebu sajeroning 10 besar Perguruan Tinggi Negeri utawa terfavourite ing sajabaning Jawa sajeroning babagan IPS dhedhasar asil SNMPTN taun 2010
# Universitas Andalas kalebu sajeroning 10 besar Universitas ing Indonésia (paling apik ing sajabaning Pulo Jawa) kang duwé Sistem Jaminan Mutu Internal Paling apik ing Indonésia ing taun 2010
# Jurusan Kimia Universitas Andalas minangka Jurusan Kimia dengan jumlah Guru Besar (Profesor) paling akèh ing Indonésia, sarta duwé laboratorium lan jenjang pendhidhikan program akademik kang lengkap (Sarjana, Magister, lan Dhoktor)

== Prestasi Dhosèn ==
# Prof.Dr Dayar Arbain meraih King Bouduin Award (1993), Convocation Award (1993), and Who’s Who in The World 1999
# Prof.Dr. Edison Munaf tercatat sajeroning “Who and Who in the World”, 7th edition (1983), 11th Edition (1997) Marquish Publisher USA, lan ngraih Juara III sajeroning Kompetisi Dhosèn Teladan tingkat nasional
# Prof. Dr. Akmal Djamaan, MS, Apt
## Silver medal (medhali pérak) kanggo panelitèn dengan sesirah: Biodegradable plastic from palm oil ing Ekspo: The 27 E. Salon International Des Invention s, Geneve, Switserlan (anggota peneliti). Le President du Comite d'Organisation du Salon, The 27 E. Salon International Des Inventions, Geneve, Switserlan, 1999
## Silver medal (medhali pérak) kanggo panelitèn dengan sesirah: The Production of biopolymer from palm oil ing The International Invention, Innovation, Industrial Design and Technology Exhibition '98 (I.TEK '98), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1998 (anggota peneliti), Organisation Committee of The I.TEK '98, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1998
## Pangaji-aji minangka Peneliti Paling apik Panelitèn Fundamental Dikti, Depdiknas (2006)
# Dr.H.Fashbir Noor Sidin, SE, MSP, saka Universitas Andalas memperoleh ISEI Award Juara I kategori Esai utawa Artikel Paling apik sajeroning Koran lan Majalah saka Ikatan Sarjana Ékonomi Indonésia (ISEI) menulis Integrasi Kebijakan Pangyasa Désa lan Kota minangka Asas Ketahanan Ékonomi, Sosial, lan Pulitik
# Fatma Sri Wahyuni peneliti Farmasi Unand peraih Fellowship L’Oreal Indonésia for Women in Science 2006 (panelitèn obat anti kanker)
# Israr Iskandar dhosèn Universitas Andalas meraih juara III sajeroning Lomba Karya Tulis Ilmiah (LKTI) Internasional taun 2008 kang diselenggarakan déning Balai Kajian lan Pengembangan Budaya Malayu (BKPM) lan Pusat Studi Sosial Asia Tenggara (PSSAT) UGM
# Prof Endang Purwati PhD saka Universitas Andalas kang memenangkan anugerah babagan ènergi saka Kementerian Riset lan Tèknologi (KRT) taun 2009 dengan panelitèn Aplikasi Bioteknologi kanggo Pengolahan Limbah Peternakan Ramah Lingkungan minangka Gas Bio lan Pupuk Organik Padat/ Cair.

== Prestasi Mahasiswa ==
{|
|valign=&quot;top&quot;|
* '''Babagan Èlmu Pengetahuan''':
** Tim mahasiswa unand  meraih Juara Lomba Debat Mahasiswa ASEAN ing Malaysia.
** Juara I Peneliti Muda Indonésia 2002 in Medicine and Health saka Lembaga Èlmu Pengetahuan Indonésia (LIPI)
** Juara III sajeroning kompetisi The 2nd Industrial Engineering Competition 2006 kang diadakan déning Institut Tèknologi Surabaya
** Juara II sajeroning PRA Temu Ilmiah Nasional (PRATelminas) 2006 ISMKI (Ikatan Mahasiswa Kedhokteran Indonésia) ing Senat Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedhokteran Universitas Kristen Maranatha  Bandung, anggotané dumadi saka Dian Jenova (Universitas Andalas), Sophia Erna Safitri (Universitas Diponegoro), Sansan Suhelda (Unika Atmajaya), Hermes Santosa (Universitas Udayana) dengan sesirah proposal “Prabawa Program Pendampingan Kulawarga Miskin Déning Mahasiswa Kedhokteran Terhadap Perbaikan Status Gizi”. 
** Politèknik Universitas Andalas meraih juara III sajeroning lomba  JAVA tingkat nasional ing Universitas Gunadharma Jakarta taun 2007
** Juara III sajeroning Kompetisi Pemikiran Kritis Mahasiswa (KPKM) Babagan Polkam. Kompetisi bergengsi itu digelar ing 27-29 April 2007 ing Bali Regional A 2002 
** Deni Delyyandri (Universitas Andalas)Juara III Wirausaha Muda Mandiri (WMM) 2008 kategori Pascasarjana lan Alumni, diselenggarakan déning bank Mandiri
** Fengky Satria Yorestra asal Universitas Andalas meraih medhali pérak  saka Daimler AG, produsen Mercedes Benz, lan UNESCO taun 2009 lumantar proyek Evacuation Infrastructure from Tsunami for Coastal Communities in West Sumatra
** Fakultas Hukum Unand Juara II Debat Konstitusi ing Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) taun 2009
** Tim Prodi Biologi meraih pérak  ing Pekan Ilmiah Mahasiswa Nasional (Pimnas) ke-XXIII ing Universitas Mahasaraswati, Bali, taun 2010
** Tim Akutansi Unanad berada ing lima besar paling apik sajeroning Diponegoro Accounting Competition taun 2010.
** Azhari Nuridinar lan Agus Muhar saka Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Andalas meraih juara II sajeroning Pemilihan Peneliti Remaja Indonésia (PPRI) babagan IPA ing Lembaga Èlmu Pengetahuan Indonésia (LIPI) taun 2010
* '''Babagan Minat lan Bakat''':
** Tim UKM Ulah raga meraih Meraih Medali Pérak ing Kejuaraan Nasional Tarung Derajat taun 1997 ing Bandung.
** Mapala Unand mewakili Indonésia sajeroning Marlboro Adventure in Colorado, USA 
** Tim UKM Ulah raga meraih Meraih Medali Pérak Kata Beregu Putri ing POMNAS VIII ing Pekan Baru taun 2003.
** juara I lomba Presenter SCTV Go To Campus 2003 
** UKM Ulah raga meraih Medali Perunggu kejurnas Wushu “Semarang Open” 2006, Jawa Tengah.
** UKM Ulah raga meraih Meraih 2 emas, 2 pérak, 9 perunggu ing Kejurnas Pencak Silat Antar Perguruan Tinggi 2006, Universitas Andalas, Sumatra Kulon.
** Tim UKM Kesenian meraih Predikat Golden Diploma tim Andalaswara ing Asian Choir Games 2007 ing Jakarta
** Juara muslimah nasional ing ITS Surabaya ing sasi Januari 2009.
** Juara III Mausabaqah Tilawatil Quran (MTQ) Mahasiswa tingkat Nasional XI taun 2009
** Tim Mapala Unand Juara 1 (kapisan) Kejuaraan Nasional Citarum Open 2009
|}
** Fakultas Kedhokteran Unand njuwarani Sala Medic Cup 2010 (Kompetisi Bola Basket antar fakultas kadhokteran lan kadhokteran gigi se-Indonésia)kang dianakaké déning Fakultas Kedhokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret. Tetandhingan ditindakaké saka tanggal 25-29 Januari 2010.
** Nilna Rahmi Isna saka Universitas Andalas kapilih minangka Koordinator Wewengkon I (Sumatra) Ikatan Senat Mahasiswa Kaséhatan Masarakat Indonésia (ISMKMI)
** Andriansyah saka Jurusan Tèknik Elektro Fakultas Tèknik Universitas Andalas Kapilih minangka Presedium Nasional Forum Ukhuwah Lembaga Dakwah Tèknik (FULDKT)
** Azhari Nuridinar lan Agus Muhar saka Fakultas Peternakan kapilih seabagai Juara ke 2 Babagan Èlmu Alam Lomba Peneliti Remaja LIPI taun 2010.
** Kontingen Pramuka Universitas Andalas Mengikuti Kemah Budaya Ing Bengkulu
** Kontingen Pramuka Universitas Andalas Mengikuti Latihan Gabungan Pramuka Perguruan Tinggi Nasional ing palembang 2010
** Efrizal, salah satu anggota Pramuka Universitas Andalas kang kasil mengikuti program pertukaran mahasiswa ke Inggris utusan Kwartir Nasional Gerakan Pramuka ing taun 2006

== Ikatan Alumni ==
Ketua Umum IKAUA yaiku Gamawan Fawzi lan Pusat IKAUA yaiku Kampus Limau Manis, sedangkan ing sabenpropinsi diwangun pula pengurus wewengkon. Kanggo kutha wewengkon DKI Jakarta minangka ketua yaiku dr. Fasli Jalal, Ph.D dengan sekretariatnya ing Jalan Pasar Minggu Km. 18-8, Jakarta Kidul. Utawa P.O. BOX 4882 JKTM Jakarta 12048. Telepon/Faks.: (021) 7983504

== Kiprah alumni ==
* '''Instansi Pamaréntah''':
** Bank Indonésia, Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, Komisi Pemberantas Korupsi (KPK), Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU, Departemen Keuangan, Lembaga Èlmu Pengetahuan Indonésia (LIPI), Kejaksaan Agung, Departemen Pendhidhikan Nasional, Mahkamah Agung, Sekretariat Nagara, DPR, DPRD Provinsi, Dhosèn PTN, DPRD Kabupatèn/Kota, Pemda Provinsi, Pemda Kabupatèn/Kota dll
* '''Lembaga Swasta''':
** Bank Mandiri, BNI, BRI, Bank Danamon, Bank Panin, BSM, Bank Nagari, PT. Hutchitson (three), Sinar Mas Group, Garuda Indonésia, LSM, Kejaksaan Agung, konsultan, PT. Sari Husada, PT. Kimia Farma, Dhosèn PTS, pengacara/lawyer, NGO dll

== Alumni kang misuwur (dhedhasar abjad) ==

# Agoes Soebekti, (Direktur Konsumer Bank BNI 2003)
# Aslim Tadjudin (Deputi Gubernur BI 2007)
# Bambang Istijono (Deputi Babagan Pengelolaan Infrastruktur Kawasan Perbatasan, Badan Nasional Pengelolaan Perbatasan (BNPP) Kementerian Sajeroning Negeri)
# Basrief Arief (Jaksa Agung Republik Indonesia 2010-saiki)
# Basril Djabar (Komisaris PT. Semen Padang)
# Budi Putra (Bloger kapisan lan bloger paling apik ing Indonésia)
# Budi Satria Isman SE MBA (Direktur Utama PT. [[Sari Husada]])
# CY Boestal (Deputi Direktorat Kredit, BPR lan UMKM BI)
# Djafni Jamal (Hakim Agung)
# Dwi Soetjipto (Dirut PT. Semen Gresik)
# Prof. Dr. Elwi Danil, SH. MH (Guru Besar FH Unand lan Komisaris PT. Semen Padang 2003-saiki)
# Fachri Ahmad (Mantan Rektor Unand, Mantan Rektor Univ. Bung Hatta, Mantan Wagub Sumbar)
# Fasli Djalal (Wakil Mantri Pendhidhikan Nasional ing Kabinet Indonésia Bersatu II)
# Firman Abdullah.dr.SpOG (FIGO, ISUOG,POGI)
# Gamawan Fauzi, SH,MM (Mantri Sajeroning Negeri Kabinet Indonésia Bersatu II, Periode 2009-2014, Gubernur Sumbar (2005-2009), Bupati Solok (1995-2005)
# Herman Abdullah (Walikota Pekanbaru 2001-saiki)
# Mahyuddin Ramli (Komisaris PT. Bank Kesejahteraan)
# Marlis Rahman, Prof. Dr. MSc (Mantan Rektor, Gubernur Sumbar 2009-2010)
# Munadi Arifin, SE, Ak, MM (Direktur Produksi PT. Semen Padang 2005-saiki)
# Novian Zen SE Ak (Direktur Keuangan Inhutani I 2007-2012)
# Ridwan Mahmud (Direktur Pemasaran PT. Bank Kesejahteraan)
# Saldi Isra, Prof. Dr. SH. MPA (Guru Besar lan Pakar Hukum Tata Nagara/ Dhosèn FH Unand)
# Suryadi Asmi (Dirut BPD Bank Nagari)
# Takdir Rahmadi, Prof. Dr. SH. LLM (Mantan Dekan FH Unand, Hakim Agung)
# Tresdi Arma, MM (Direktur Litbang lan Operasi PT. Semen Padang 2005-saiki)
# Yuliandri, Prof. Dr. SH. MH (Guru Besar Èlmu Perundang-Undangan, Dhosèn FH Unand)
# Zainal Bakar (Mantan Gubernur Sumbar)

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|3}}
** [http://www.pramukaunand.org UKM Pramuka] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923065732/http://www.pramukaunand.org/ |date=2011-09-23 }}

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.unand.ac.id Situs web resmi Universitas Andalas]
* [http://www.alunand.com Ikatan Alumni Universitas Andalas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417015740/http://www.alunand.com/ |date=2021-04-17 }}
* [http://andalas-center.com Andalas Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208154305/http://andalas-center.com/ |date=2011-02-08 }}
* [http://www.internafkunand.or.id Bagian Èlmu Penyakit Jroning Fakultas Kedhokteran Universitas Andalas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111115170703/http://www.internafkunand.or.id/ |date=2011-11-15 }}
* [http://www.pramukaunand.org Pramuka Universitas Andalas Unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923065732/http://www.pramukaunand.org/ |date=2011-09-23 }}
* [https://kip-kuliah.org Kip Kuliah Unand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230822210250/https://kip-kuliah.org/ |date=2023-08-22 }}


== Gladri ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{PTN di Indonésia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Andalas}}
[[Kategori:Pawiyatan luhur nagari ing Sumatra Kulon]]
[[Kategori:Pawiyatan luhur ing Sumatra Kulon]]
[[Kategori:Pawiyatan luhur ing Kutha Padang]]


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    <title>Vespa</title>
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      <text bytes="3798" sha1="f0bww41fgqc74ov2hl9nmw1opimfde5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
 |company_name = Vespa
 |company_logo = [[Gambar:Vespalogo.jpg|215px|Logo Vespa]]
 |company_type = 
 |slogan = &quot;Not just a scooter, a way of life&quot;
 |founder = 
 |foundation = [[23 April]] [[1946]] di [[Florence]]
 |location_city =[[Pontedera]]
 |location_country = [[Itali]]
 |key_people = 
 |num_employees =
 |industry = [[Skuter]]
 |products = 
 |revenue =
 |parent = [[Piaggio|Piaggio &amp; Co. SpA]]
 |owner = 
 |net_income =
 |homepage = [http://www.vespa.com/ vespa.com]
}}
[[Gambar:Rally180.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Vespa Rally 180 taun 1969.]]
'''Vespa''' inggih punika salah satunggal merek sepeda motor jinis [[skuter]] kang asalé saka [[Italia]]. Perusahaan induk Vespa, inggih punika [[Piaggio]]. Ing wiwitan wetuné Vespa ana saingan kang abot ya iku merek [[Lambretta]], sapunika Vespa minangka motor skuter konvensional, Vespa ora duwé saingan manèh.
Motor merek Vespa disebarke déning [[PT Dan Motor Indonesia]] kang duwé pasaran marang warga sing pancen tresna banget marang motor mau, luwih-luwih vespa antik ing Indonesia. Motor mau uga asring diarani Piaggio Kodok, amarga memper [[VW Kodok]].lan vespa isih digunakaké minangka sarana transportasi nganti saiki. Vespa uga kalebu sarana transportasi kang ékonomis amarga regane kang kaetung murah lan awet.

== Pranala njaba ==
{{commons|Vespa scooter}}
&lt;!--- WARNING TO ALL - Do not add your commercial, BBS or spam website here without first discussing it on the Discussion page of this article, or it WILL be deleted.---&gt;
*[http://www.vespa.com/ Official Vespa site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413183831/http://www.vespa.com/ |date=2016-04-13 }} - models and a complete history section
*[http://www.scooterdave.com/vespa-vin-decoder/ Vespa Vin Decoder] - guide to decoding frame and engine numbers on older Vespas
*[http://www.museopiaggio.it/en/index_en.html Vespa at the Piaggio Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022190709/http://www.museopiaggio.it/en/index_en.html |date=2013-10-22 }} the official factory musiyum
*[http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=vespa Vespa] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20121220142004/http://search.dmoz.org/cgi-bin/search?search=vespa |date=2012-12-20 }} at the [[Open Directory Project]]
*[http://travel.guardian.co.uk/countries/story/0,7451,1468849,00.html Dolce vita on a Vespa] - summary of [[Peter Moore (travel author)|Peter Moore]]'s travels in Italy on a Vespa (from [[The Guardian]])
* {{imcdb vehicle|make=Piaggio|modhèl=Vespa|Piaggio Vespa}}
* {{Official website|http://www.vespa946.com|name=Official Vespa 946 website}}
*{{commons category inline|Vespa 946}}

&lt;!--- WARNING TO ALL - Do not add your commercial, BBS or spam website here without first discussing it on the Discussion page of this article, or it WILL be deleted.---&gt;

&lt;!--======================== {{No more links}} ============================
    | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia  |
    | is not a collection of links nor should it be used for advertising. |
    |                                                                     |
    |           Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED.         |
    | See [[Wikipedia:Pranala njaba]] &amp; [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details.  |
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[[Kategori:Sepeda motor]]
[[Kategori:Montor]]


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      <text bytes="878" sha1="gx7e1k0jlfutxwompe4g50fy38w5kp9" xml:space="preserve">'''Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo''' iku universitas Islam ing [[Purwareja]], [[Jawa Tengah]].

== Sajarah ==

== Fakultas ==
Kanggo memenuhi kabutuhan masarakat adhedasar Surat Dudutan Mendikbud RI Nomor 05/D/0/1999 tanggal 8 Januari 1999, IKIP Muhammadiyah Purworejo alih dadi Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo kanthi 12 Fakultas ya iku:
* Fakultas Teknik
* Fakultas Ékonomi
* Fakultas Pertanian
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== Cathetan sikil ==
# http://www.umpwr.ac.id/{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Perguruan Tinggi Muhammadiyah}}

[[Kategori:Pawiyatan luhur Muhammadiyah]]
[[Kategori:Pawiyatan luhur ing Jawa Tengah]]


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  <page>
    <title>Utek</title>
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      <text bytes="7843" sha1="jipg6amlu6vzz9yb9oefjtd6gf68f8h" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Chimp Brain in a jar.jpg|thumb|right|238px|[[Utek manungsa]]]]
'''Utek''' (basa Latin: ''encephalon'') inggih punika punjer [[sistem saraf]] (basa Inggris: ''central nervous system'', ''CNS'') ing [[vertebrata|kewan ulaan]] (''vertebrata'') saha kathah [[invertebrata|kewan tanulaan]] (''invertebrata'') sanèsipun. Ing [[anatomi]] [[sato kewan|kéwan]], '''utek''' utawi ''encephalon'', punika punjer kumetir saking [[sistem saraf|tatanan saraf]]. Sanadyan utek sok dipunsebat minangka punjer kumetir saking sistem saraf kewan ulaan , istilah ingkang sami ugi saged dipun-ginakaken kanggé sistem saraf sentral ing kewan tanulaan. Ing kathah kéwan, utek wontenipun ing endhas utawi [[sirah]].

Utek manungsa punika struktur punjer pangaturan ingkang gadhah volume ngantos 1.350cc saha kasusun saking 100 yuta [[sèl saraf]] utawi [[neutron]]. Utek ngatur saha ngendhalikaken sapérangan ageng obahan, [[prilaku]], saha [[Homeostasis|daya sembada]] (''homeostatis'') kados déné keteg jantung, penetan rah, kaseimbangan cuwèran saha suhu awak.

Utek kasusun saking kalih jinis inggih punika [[sèl]]: [[glia]] saha [[neuron]]. Glia fungsinipun kanggé njagi neuron, manawi neuron tugasipun mbekta informasi kanthi wujud pulsa listrik kang asring dipunsebat [[potensi aksi]].

== Pérangan utek manungsa ==
Ing [[anatomi]] utek [[vertebrata]], utek ngajeng ([[basa Inggris]]: ''prosencephalon'' ''forebrain'') inggih punika pérangan inggil saking utek. Ing tahap ngrembakanipun [[sistem saraf pusat]] ([[basa Inggris]]: ''five-vesicle stage''), utek ngajeng ngrembaka saha misah dados utek ageng saha [[diensefalon]].

=== Utek ageng ===
Utek ageng ([[basa Inggris]]: ''telencephalon'', ''cerebrum'') inggih punika pérangan paling pinunjul saking utek ngajeng. Utek ageng kapérang dados kalih wilahan inggih punika wilahan utek tengen saha utek kiwa. Saben wilahan gadhah fungsi piyambak. Saben wilahan utek ngajeng gadhah sekawan lobus inggih punika [[frontal]], [[pariental]], [[okspital]], saha [[temporal]]. Antawisipun lobus frontal lan lobus pariental dipunpisahaken déning [[sulkus sentralis]] utawi ''celah Rolando''.

=== Ganglia dhasar ===
Ganglia dhasar ([[basa Inggris]]: ''basal ganglia'', ''white matter'') minangka lapisan ingkang gadhah warna pethak, lapisan lebetipun kathah ngemot srabut saraf inggih punika [[dendrit]] saha [[neurit]]

Utek ageng minangka punjer saraf utami amargi gadhah fungsi ingkang wigatos sanget kanggé sadaya kagiyatan salira khususipun ingkang gegayutanipun kaliyan ''intelegensi'', daya ènget (''memori''), kasadharan saha tetimbangan.

=== Diensefalon ===
Diensefalon ([[basa Inggris]]: ''diencephalon'', ''interbrain'') inggih punika pérangan utek ingkang kasusun saking:
* mid-diencephalic territory
* [[hipotalamus]]
* epitalamus
* pretektum

=== Utek tengah ===
Utek tengah ([[basa Inggris]]: '''mesencephalon''') inggih punika pérangan utek ingkang gadhah struktur:
* tektum, kasusun saking kalih pasang ''colliculi'' ingkang dipunsebat ''corpora quadrigemina'':
** ''inferior colliculi'' tumut ing prosès pamirengan.
** ''superior colliculi'' minangka wiwitanipun prosès visual saha pangendhalian obahan [[soca]].
* cerebral peduncle
** tegmentum punika jaringan multi-[[sinapsis]] ingkang tumut ing sistem [[homeostasis]] saha [[lintasan refleks]].
** crus cerebri
** substantia nigra

=== Utek wingking ===
Utek wingking ({{lang-en|myelencephalon, metencephalon, rhombencephalon}}) angliputi kreteg Varol ({{lang-en|pons, pons Varolii}}), sungsum terasan ({{lang-en|medulla oblongata}}), saha utek alit ({{lang-en|cerebellum}}). Katiga pérangan punika mbentuk [[batang utek]] ({{lang-en|brainstem}}).

=== Utek alit ===
Utek alit ({{lang-en|cerebellum}}) punika pérangan ageng utek wingking. Utek alit punika dumunung ing andhapipun lobus oksipital serebrum. Utek alit kasusun saking kalih wilahan saha lumahanipun mawi lekuk-lekuk. Fungsi utek alit punika kanggé ngatur sikap utawi posisi salira, kaseimbangan, saha koordhinasi obahipun otot ingkang kadadosan kanthi sadhar.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 1&quot;&gt;[http://id.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/biology/2167818-bagian-dan-fungsi-otak-manusia/ pangertosan lan bagéan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123093442/http://id.shvoong.com/exact-sciences/biology/2167818-bagian-dan-fungsi-otak-manusia/ |date=2012-11-23 }} (dipununduh 20 oktober 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bèntenipun fungsi utek tengen saha utek kiwa ==
Utek tengen fungsinipun bab ngrembakanipun kacerdhasan émosi utawi ''Emotional Quotient'' (EQ), tuladhanipun [[sosialisasi]], [[komunikasi]], [[interaksi]] kaliyan manungsa sanès sarta pangendhalian émosi. Wonten ing utek tengen ugi ngemot kamampuan intuitif, kamampuan ngraosaken, mbangingaken, saha èksprèsi badan, kados déné nyekar, mbeksa, nggambar, lsp.
Manawi utek kiwa fungsinipun wonten ing bab ingkang wonten gegayutanipun kaliyan logika, rasio, kamampuan nyerat saha maos, sarta punjer [[matématika]]. Para nimpuna ngandharaken manawi utek kiwa minangka punjer ''Intelligence Quotient'' (IQ).&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 2&quot;&gt;[http://www.terapimusik.com/otak_kanan.htm béda fungsi otak kanan saha otak kiri]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (dipununduh 20 oktober 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nyeimbangaken utek tengen saha utek kiwa ==
Ned Hermann, ahli dominasi utek nyaranaken manawi kita tiyang pamikir kanthi utek tengen, pramila kita saged nglatih nyeimbangaken utek kiwa kanthi cara:
* gladhèn cara kerja mesin ingkang asring dipun-ginakaken
* mglebetaken poto kita ing album poto
* disiplin
* ngatasi pinten-pinten prakawis sarta analisis

Manawi kita tiyang pamikir kanthi utek kiwa, pramila kita saged nglatih nyeimbangaken utek tengen kanthi cara:
* mahami rumaosipun kéwan ingonan
* dolanan lemah lempung saha nemokaken hakikatipun
* ndamel 500 poto tanpa mikiraken béyanipun
* ndamel logo pribadi
* asring dolanan kaliyan tiyang alit
* ngunikaken musik karemenan kang jumbuh suasaning manah&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;&gt;[http://akademikfp.staff.ub.ac.id/archives/2713 nyeimbangaken utek tengen saha utek kiwa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826102842/http://akademikfp.staff.ub.ac.id/archives/2713 |date=2012-08-26 }} (dipununduh 20 oktober 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Penyakit ingkang gegayutan kaliyan utek ==
* [[alzheimer]]
* [[hydrocephalus]]
* [[meningitis]]
* [[parkinson]]
* [[schizophrenia]]
* [[depresi]]
* [[toxoplasma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 4&quot;&gt;[http://www.anneahira.com/pencegahan-penyakit-otak.htm penyakit ingkang gegayutan kaliyan utek] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119123325/http://www.anneahira.com/pencegahan-penyakit-otak.htm |date=2013-11-19 }} (dipununduh 20 oktober 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dolanan kanggé ngasah utek ==
* dham-dhaman
* aspal
* tarik-tiba
* sudoku
* solitaire
* dhuwit-mars
* mahakarya
* kartu-master
* catur
* tebak warna&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 5&quot;&gt;[http://www.gamesforthebrain.com/indonesian/ dolanan kanggé ngasah utek](dipununduh 20 oktober 2012)&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
{{commons|Category:Brain|Utek}}
* [http://bang-anuh.blogspot.com/2010/02/11-technique-to-sharpen-your-brain.html 11 Technique To Sharpen Your Brain]
* [http://www.stanford.edu/group/hopes/basics/braintut/ab0.html Brain Tutorial] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325101705/http://www.stanford.edu/group/hopes/basics/braintut/ab0.html |date=2009-03-25 }}
* [http://brainmuseum.org/ Comparative Mammalian Brain Collection]
* [http://www.sciencedaily.com/news/mind_brain/ Brain Research News from ScienceDaily]
* [http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu BrainInfo for Neuroanatomy]
* [http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/neurok.html Neuroscience for kids]
{{Artikel Dhasar}}
{{anatomi manungsa}}

[[Kategori:Anatomi]]
[[Kategori:Sirah lan gulu]]
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    <title>Universitas Al Azhar</title>
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|name              = Universitas Al-Azhar
|native_name       = &lt;big&gt;{{lang|ar|جامعة الأزهر}}&lt;/big&gt;'' {{br}} {{transl|ar|ISO|Jami'at Al-ʾAzhar al-Šyarīf}}
|image_name        = Al Azhar1.jpg
|image_size        = 300px
|caption           = Masjid Al-Azhar di [[Kairo]] [[Mesir]]
|motto             = 
|established       = 970~972 M
|type              = [[Universitas umum|Publik]], [[Pengkajian Islam]]
|affiliation       = [[Islam]]
|calendar          = 
|endowment         = 
|head_label        = Rektor
|head              = Prof. DR. Ahmed El-Husaini
|faculty           = 
|students          = 
|undergrad         = 
|postgrad          = 
|doctoral          = 
|divinity          = 
|profess           = 
|city              = [[Kairo]]
|country           = {{Flagicon|mesir}} [[Mesir]]
|address           =
|telephone         = 
|campus            = [[Wewengkon urban|Urban]]
|affiliations      = 
|nobel_laureates   = 
|website           = [http://www.azhar.edu.eg/ official website]
|logo              = [[Berkas:Al-Azhar University logo.svg|60px]]
|footnotes         = 
}}
'''Universitas Al-Azhar''' (diucapkan &quot;AZ-har&quot;), {{lang-ar|جامعة الأزهر الشريف}}; {{transl|ar|ISO|Al-ʾAzhar al-Šyarīf}}, Al-Azhar Mulia), ya iku salah sawijining punjer pendidikan [[sastra Arab]] lan pengkajian Islam [[Sunni]] ing donya &lt;ref name=&quot;Britannica article&quot;&gt;[http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-46851/al-Azhar-University Britannica article]&lt;/ref&gt; lan wujud universitas kang mènèhi gelar tuwa dhéwé nomer 2 ing donya&lt;ref&gt;Alatas, Syed Farid, 2006. From jami`ah to university: multiculturalism and Christian–Muslim dialogue, ''Current Sociology'' 54(1):112-32&lt;/ref&gt; Universitas iki duwè gayutan karo[[masjid]] Al-Azhar ing wewengkon [[Kairo]] Kuno.

Mula bukané universitas iki diyasa déning [[Bani Fatimiyah]] kang nganut madahab [[Singah]] [[Ismailiyah]], lan sebutan '''''Al-Azhar''''' njupuk saka jeneng Sayyidah [[Fatimah az-Zahra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Inilah Universitas Islam Tertua di Dunia&quot;&gt;[http://www.republika.co.id Inilah Universitas Islam Tertua di Dunia]&lt;/ref&gt;, putri [[Muhammad]]. Masjid iki diyasa sakiwa-tengené taun 970~972. Pelajaran dimulai ing Al-Azhar nalika[[Ramadan]] Oktober [[975]], nalika ketua Mahkamah Agung Abul Hasan Ali bin Al-Nu'man wiwit ngajar saka buku &quot;Al-Ikhtisar&quot; kanthi topik [[yurisprudensi]] [[Singah]]. [[Madrasah]], papan pendidikan agama, kang kahubung karo masjid iki diyasa ing taun [[988]]. Nanging salajengé papan iki dadi sekolah kanggo kaum [[Sunni]] sakiwa-tengené[[abad pertengahan]], lan terus dipiaranganti jaman iki.

Nalika iki, misi universitas ya iku nyebaraké [[Islam|agama]] lan [[kabudayan Islam|budaya]] Islam. Kanthi tujuan iki, para sarjana Islam ([[ulama]]) ngeluaraké maklumat ([[fatwa]]) kanggo njawab akèhing masalahkang ditakokaké menyang sarjana-sarjana iku saka sadonya Islam Sunni, kanthi topik perilaku [[muslim|individu]] utawa [[Pratélan nagara mayoritas muslim|masarakat muslim]] kang tepat (tuladhané fatwa kaya ta klarifikasi lan pelarangan marang [[Khitan#Bagi wanita|pemotongan piranti kelamin perempuan]]). Al-Azhar uga nglatih [[dakwah|pedakwah]] kang ditunjuk déning pamaréntah [[Mesir]].

[[Kapustakan]] Al-Azhar dianggap nomer 2 paling wigati ing Mesir sakwus é[[Kapustakan dan Arsip Nasional Mesir]]. Al-Azhar kang duwé mitra ITEP, sawijining perusahaan tèknologi informasi Dubai, ing bulan Mèi 2005 ngluncuraké ''Proyek YM Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum kanggo nglestariaké lan mpublikasiaké Naskah Al-Azhar kanthi Online'' (&quot;''Proyek Al-Azhar Online''&quot;); kanthi nggawa misi kanggo mènèhi aksès online kanggo masarakat déning kabèhing koleksi manuskrip langka (ana sakiwa-tengené 7 yuta halaman) kang duwé pabukon Al-Azhar.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ameinfo.com/68624.html AME Info.com, 26 September 2005]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;ITEP press release, 10 October 2006&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fakultas Putra ==

* Fakultas Kedhokteran (Dumyat)
* Fakultas Sains (Kairo)
* Fakultas Apoteker (Kairo)
* Fakultas Basa Arab (Kairo)
* Fakultas Arsitektur (Kairo)
* Fakultas Arsitektur (Qina)
* Fakultas Syari'ah wal Qonun (Asyut)
* Fakultas Ushuluddin wal Dakwah (Manshourah)
* Fakultas Ushuluddin wal Dakwah (Minoufiyah)
* Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah (Kairo)
* Fakultas Pertanian (Kairo)
* Fakultas Kedhokteran (Kairo)
* Fakultas Ékonomi (Kairo)
* Fakultas Basa Arab (Minoufiyah)
* Fakultas Basa Arab (Girja)
* Fakultas Syari'ah wal Qonun (Tanta)
* Fakultas Tarbiyah (Kairo)
* Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah (Qina)
* Fakultas Basa Arab (Zaqaziq)
* Fakultas Kedhokteran Gigi (Kairo)
* Fakultas Sains (Asyut)
* Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah (Aswan)
* Fakultas Basa dan Terjemah (Kairo)
* Fakultas Tarbiyah (Tafahna Al-Asyraf)
* Fakultas Basa Arab (Asyut)
* Fakultas Syari'ah (Damanhur)
* Fakultas Kedhokteran Gigi (Asyut)

== Fakultas Putri ==

* Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah (Alexandria)
* Fakultas Apoteker (Kairo)
* Fakultas Kedhokteran (Kairo)
* Fakultas Ékonomi (Kairo)
* Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah (Asyut)
* Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah (Sohaj)
* Fakultas Psikologi (Kairo)
* Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah (Kairo)
* Fakultas Kedhokteran Gigi (Kairo)
* Fakultas Sains (Kairo)
* Fakultas Agama Untuk Putri (Asir Ramadhan)
* Fakultas Agama Untuk Putri (Thaybah)
* Fakultas Ékonomi Dalam Negeri (Tanta)
* Fakultas Dirasat Islamiyah (Manshourah)

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba==
{{Commons category|Al-Azhar University}}
* [http://www.azhar.edu.eg/ Universitas Al-Azhar (basa Arab)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427100800/http://www.azhar.edu.eg/ |date=2018-04-27 }}
* [http://www.alazhr.com/ Dewan Tertinggi Urusan Islam Al-Azhar (basa Inggris)]
* [http://www.dar-alifta.org/?LangID=2&amp;Home=1 Dar Al Ifta (basa Inggris)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029170607/https://www.dar-alifta.org/?LangID=2&amp;Home=1 |date=2020-10-29 }} ([[Fatwa]] Islam Al-Azhar]])
* [http://www.alazhar.gov.eg/ENGLISH/default.aspx Situs pendidikan Institut Al-Azhar (basa Inggris)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504025354/http://www.alazhar.gov.eg/ENGLISH/Default.aspx |date=2009-05-04 }}
* [http://www.alazhar.gov.eg/alazhar/film.aspx Video dokumenter film mengenai Universitas Al-Azhar (basa Arab)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090204013131/http://www.alazhar.gov.eg/alazhar/film.aspx |date=2009-02-04 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040701101509/http://www.frcu.eun.eg/www/universities/html/azhar.html Sejarah dan organisasi Al-Azhar (basa Inggris)]
* [http://www.islamfortoday.com/alazhar.htm Islam untuk Hari Ini] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419143937/http://www.islamfortoday.com/alazhar.htm |date=2018-04-19 }}
* [http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?articleID=161 Warisan Budaya Muslim ]
* [http://www.azhar.edu.eg Peraturan Universitas Al-Azhar untuk penerimaan mahasiswa internasional (hanya basa Arab)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180427100800/http://www.azhar.edu.eg/ |date=2018-04-27 }}
* [http://id.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-769/_nr-68/i.html Syeikh Baru Universitas AL-Azhar: Berjas dan Berdasi Memerangi Esktremisme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818223951/http://id.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-769/_nr-68/i.html |date=2010-08-18 }}
* [http://archive.mumineen.org/awliya/aimmat/e_imammoiz.html Awliya ul-Kiram Essay Archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100812110747/http://archive.mumineen.org/awliya/aimmat/e_imammoiz.html |date=2010-08-12 }}

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[[Kategori:Pawiyatan luhur ing Mesir|Al-Azhar]]
[[Kategori:Islam ing Mesir]]


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  <page>
    <title>WWE Championship</title>
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'''WWE Championship''' inggih punika Gélar Dunia WWE, gelar punika gadhah déning promosi [[World Wrestling Entertainment]] (WWE). Gelar punika dipunciptakakén ing taun [[1963]] saking promosi WWWF lan gelar punika ya iku gelar donya ingkang kawiwitan ing sajarah WWE. WWE gadhah kalih gelar donya, satu gelar WWE Championship punika lan sètunggal ugi inggih punika [[World Heavyweight Championship]]. sakapunika gelar dipuncépéng merek [[RAW]] lan gelar World Heavyweight Championhship dipuncépéng déning merek [[SmackDown]].
== Sajarah ==

Gelar WWWF Championship dipuntépangakèn ing taun [[1963]] kaliyan Buddy Rogers dados pegulat kawiwitan nyepeng gelar punika ing tanggal 29 April. Gelar punika sampun kathah ingkang gantos asma ngantos promosi ingkang nyépéng gelar punika gadhah variasi asma, kados ta ing taun [[2002]] ing World Wrestling Federation (WWF) nggantos asma perusahaanipun dados World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE).
== Pindah Merek ==

Ing [[WWE Brand Extention]] acara [[WWE Draft]] pertahunan dipunwontenaken, WWE Draft inggih punika acara ing pundhi pegulat saking merek RAW lan SmackDown tukar merek.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/archive/06112007/articles/drafthistory |title=Draft History|last=Dee|first=Louie|date=2007-06-07|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|accessdate=2008-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Saksampune tiga taun dipuncepeng ing merek SmackDown, WWE Championhip pindah merek ing acara [[2005 WWE Draft Lottery]] ing [[John Cena]] pemegang gelar punika dipunpindahaken ing merek RAW sementara pemegang World Heavyweight Championship, [[David Bautista|Batista]] dipunpindahaken ing merek Smackdown.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/news/archive/draftlottery1|title=2005 WWE Draft Lottery|date= 2005-06-13|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|accessdate=2008-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ing 11 Juni, 2006, [[Rob Van Dam]] ngginaakenn [[Tetandhingan Money in the Bank|Kontrak Money in the Bankpada]] acara [[ECW One Night Stand (2006)|ECW One Night Stand]] 
kanggé tetandhingan gelar WWE Championship kaliyan nglawan [[John Cena]]. Kontak punika ya iku kontrak tetandhingan ing garansi déning WWE, kontrak punika ya iku kanggé gelar WWE Championship, World Heavyweight Championship utawi [[ECW World Heavyweight Championship|ECW Championship]] ing wanci punapa kemawon nyepeng pilih. Rob Van Dam ngalahaken John Cena kanggé menangaken WWE Championship ndamel gelar punika pindah ing merek [[ECW (WWE)|ECW]], merek ingkang dipuntumbas WWE saking [[World Championship Wrestling]] amargi bangkrut. Ing 3 Juli, [[Adam Copeland|Edge]] ngalahaken John Cena lan Rob van Dam ing [[Tetandhingan Triple Threat]] kanggé menangaken gelar WWE Championship, ndamel gelar punika malih merek RAW amargi Edge inggih punika pegulat saking merek RAW. Ing [[2008 WWE Draft]], Pemegang WWE Championship [[Triple H]] dipunpindahaken ing merek SmackDown.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.wwe.com/shows/raw/archive/06232008/|title=A Draft disaster|last=Sitterson|first=Aubrey|date=2008-06-23|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]| accessdate=2008-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Taun ngajeng ing acara [[2009 WWE Draft]], balik ing merek RAW ing Triple H dipunpindahaken ing merek RAW. Saksampune [[WWE Elimination Chamber]] WWE Championship lan World Heavyweight Championship dipuncepeng merek SmackDown amargi Batista, pegulat SmackDown menangaken gelar WWE Championship saking John Cena. Nanging gelar punika balik ing RAW setelah John Cena ngalahaken Batista ing acara [[WrestleMania XXVI]].

== Pemegang Gelar ==
{{Main|Pratélan pemegang WWE Championship}}

WWE Championship dipuntepangaken ing taun [[1963]] kaliyan Buddy Rogers pemegang kawiwitana. Sapunika sampun wonten 39 pegulat nyepeng gelar punika, kaliyan [[John cena]] nyepeng ingkang kathah ngantos sedasa ugi.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwechampionship/|title=WWE Championship Title History|publisher=[[World Wrestling Entertainment]]|accessdate=2008-10-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bruno Sammartino nyepeng gelar punika ngantos 2,803 dinten ing 17 Mèi, 1963 ngantos 18 Januari, 1971 ndamel rekor nyepeng ing paling lami. [[André the Giant]] nyepeng gelar punika ngantos sawatawis 45 detik ndamel rekor nyepeng ingkang paling cendhak. [[Brock Lesnar]] inggih punika pegulat ingkang paling enem nyepeng gelar punika kaliyan umur 25 lan [[Vince McMahon|Mr. McMahon]] inggih punika pegulat ingkang tuwa nyepeng gelar punika kaliyan yuswa 54. Pemegang gelar punika sapunika inggih punika [[CM Punk]], pegulat ingkang menangaken WWE Championship kanggé ingkang kaping kalih sasampunipun ngalahaken [[Alberto Del Rio]] ing [[Tetandhingan Single]] ing PPV [[Survivor Series]] ing tanggal 20 November, [[2011]].

== Cathetan suku ==
{{Reflist}}
== Pranala njaba ==

* [http://www.wwe.com/inside/titlehistory/wwechampionship/ Official WWE Championship Title History]
* [http://www.wrestling-titles.com/wwe/wwe-h.html Wrestling-Titles.com: WWE Championship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151230135032/http://www.wrestling-titles.com/wwe/wwe-h.html |date=2015-12-30 }}
* [http://thewrestlingarchive.net/north-america/wwe/titles/wwe-championship.htm WWE Championship History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804212257/http://thewrestlingarchive.net/north-america/wwe/titles/wwe-championship.htm |date=2016-08-04 }}

[[Kategori:Gulat]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wong Dayak Pitap</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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[[Gambar:Dayak Pitap.jpg|thumb|Budaya Dayak Pitap ing Kalimantan Selatan]]

'''Tiyang Dayak Pitap''' inggih punika Masarakat Adat [[Dayak]] ingkang limrahipun dipungolongaken minangka péranganing [[suku Dayak Meratus]] utawi [[Wong Bukit]] ingkang dumunung ing [[kacamatan]] [[Tebing Tinggi, Balangan]], [[Kalimantan Selatan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 1&quot;&gt;[http://banuahujungtanah.wordpress.com/2010/03/25/mengenal-sejarah-keberadaan-dayak-pitap-kalimantan/]&lt;/ref&gt;

Dayak Pitap minangka sebutan tumrap kelompok masarakat ingkang kaiket kanthin keturunan lan aturan adat, dumunung ing kawasan sakanan kiringipun hulu-hulu [[kali Pitap]] lan anak [[kali]] sanèsipun. [[Kali Pitap]] piyambak awalipun gadhah nama [[kali Kitab]]. Miturut keyakinan, ing tanah punika mandhapipun [[kitab]] ingkang dados rebutan. Déning datu supados ajaran saking kitab mau lestantun, kitab punika lajeng dipundhahar utawi wonten ing istilah mrika dipunpitapaken, saéngga ajaran [[agama]]nipun badhé lestantun ing batin lan ugi wonten ing akal pikiranipun. Tembung ''kitab'' pungkasanipun éwah dados ''pitap'' saéngga nama [[kali]] lan masarakat ingkang dumunung ing wewengkon mau éwah dados Pitap.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 1&quot;/&gt;

Déné sebutan [[Dayak]] punika ngacu ing kesukuanipun. Déning sapérangan literatur suku mau dipunlebetaken ing rumpun Dayak Bukit, nanging wonten ing kasunyatanipun suku punika langkung remen dipunsebut minangka Wong Pitap utawi Dayak Pitap, punika ugi kadadosan ing laladan-laladan sanèsipun ing Meratus.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 2&quot;&gt;[http://serbaserbi-serbabi.blogspot.com/2011/08/temanku-dayak-pitap.html]&lt;/ref&gt;

Para leluhur masarakat Dayak Pitap nalika rumiyin dumunung ing laladan ''Tanah Hidup'', inggih punika wates antawisipun [[Kabupatèn Balangan]] kaliyan [[Kabupatèn Kotabaru]] (ing puncak pagunungan [[Meratus]]). Tanah hidup dados wewengkon ''tanah keramat'' ingkang dipunpitadosi minangka laladan asal para leluhuripun.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 3&quot;&gt;[http://kodepos.nomor.net/_kodepos.php?_i=desa-kodepos&amp;sby=000000&amp;laladan=Desa-Tebing%20Tinggi-Kab.-Balangan&amp;jobs=Dayak%20Pitap]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kanthi administratif, tiyang Dayak Pitap wonten ing 3 Désa inggih puniika [[Dayak Pitap, Tebing Tinggi, Balangan|Dayak Pitap]], [[Langkap, Tebing Tinggi, Balangan|Langkap]] lan [[Mayanau, Tebing Tinggi, Balangan|Mayanau]] ing [[Kacamatan]] [[Tebing Tinggi, Balangan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 1&quot;/&gt;

Wiwitan minangka satunggal Dayak Pitap gadhah papréntahan piyambak kanthi pusat papréntahan ing [[Langkap, Tebing Tinggi, Balangan|Langkap]]. Kanthi wontenipun peraturan sistem pamarentahn [[désa]] nalika taun [[1979]] dipunbentuk papréntahan [[désa]] Dayak Pitap kanthi pusat papréntahan nalika iku dumunung ing Langkap. Dayak Pitap kapérang dados [[5]] [[kampung]] ageng inggih punika:
# Langkap
# Iyam
# Ajung
# Papunikan
# Kambiyain.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 4&quot;&gt;[http://travel.kompas.com/read/2010/10/29/13063670/Budaya.Dayak.Pitap.Jadi.Potensi.Wisata]&lt;/ref&gt;

Lajeng taun [[1982]] wewengkon Dayak Pitap kapérang dados [[5]] désa, dhedhasar peraturan mantri dalam nagari no 2/taun 1980 babagan pedoman pembentukan, pemecahan, penyatuan dan penghapusan [[kalurahan]] lan peraturan mantri dalam nagari no [[4]] taun [[1981]] babagan pembentukan, pemecahan, penyatuan dan penghapusan [[désa]]. Salajengipun dhedhasar Sk [[camat]] taun [[1993]] kampung Ajung dipungabung kaliyan Iyam. Taun [[1998]] kampung Iyam lan kampung Kambiyain dipungabung dados satunggal kaliyan kampung Ajung kanthi pusat papréntahan ing [[Ajung Hilir]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 4&quot;/&gt;

Kanthi [[géografis]], wewengkon Dayak Pitap dumunung ing bentangan [[pagunungan]] [[Meratus]] ingkang dumunung ing antawis 115035'55&quot; dumugi 115047'43&quot; [[Bujur timur]] lan 02025'32&quot; dumugi 02035'26&quot; Lintang selatan. Jarak désa nuju kutha krajan [[kacamatan]] 35 Km, Jarak désa nuju kutha krajan Kab. 48 Km lan jarak désa nuju kutha krajan provinsi 231 Km.&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 5&quot;&gt;[http://kppo.bappenas.go.id/news/budaya-dayak-pitap-jadi-potensi-wisata]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sisih wétan winatesan kaliyan wewengkon [[Kacamatan]] [[Sungai Durèn, Kotabaru]], sisih kulon winatesan kaliyan Désa [[Gunung Batu, Tebing Tinggi, Balangan|Gunung Batu]] lan Désa [[Auh, Tebing Tinggi, Balangan|Auh]], sisih lèr winatesan kaliyan [[Halong, Balangan]] lan sisih kidul winatesan kaliyan [[Kacamatan]] [[Sungai Durèn, Kotabaru]] lan [[Kacamatan]] [[Batang Alai Selatan, Hulu Sungai Tengah]].&lt;ref name=&quot;internet 5&quot;/&gt;

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.walhi.or.id/kampanye/hutan/shk/040722_pitap_li/ Konflik Pemanfaatan Lahan &amp; Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam Pertambangan Di Komunitas Dayak Pitap Kalsel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080225212656/http://www.walhi.or.id/kampanye/hutan/shk/040722_pitap_li/ |date=2008-02-25 }}
* [http://wisatamelayu.com/id/news/d/12478/budaya-dayak-pitap-potensi-daya-tarik-wisata/ Budaya Dayak Pitap] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305194712/http://wisatamelayu.com/id/news/d/12478/budaya-dayak-pitap-potensi-daya-tarik-wisata |date=2016-03-05 }}

{{Suku bangsa ing Indonésia}}

[[Kategori:Tebing Tinggi, Balangan]]
[[Kategori:Kabupatèn Balangan]]
[[Kategori:Golongan ètnik ing Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Masarakat adat]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Viskositas</title>
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{{Infobox 
| bgcolour = {default}
| name = Viskositas
| image = [[Image:Viscosity.gif]]
| caption = Unsur diatas memiliki kekentalan yang lebih cendhèk dari yang dibawah
| unit = Pa·s= kg/(s·m)
| symbols = μ, η
| derivations = μ = [[Shear modulus|G]]·[[time|t]]
}}

'''Viskositas''' punika pengukuran saking ketahanan [[fluida]] ingkang sampun dièwahi saé kaliyan  [[tèkanan]] utawi [[tegangan]]. Ing prakawis sadinten-dinten (lan namung kanggé fluida), viskositas inggih punika &quot;Ketebalan&quot; utawi &quot;pergesekan internal&quot;. manawi makaten, [[toya]] ingkang &quot;tipis&quot;, gadhah viskositas langkung cendhèk, manawi [[madu]] ingkang &quot;tebal&quot;, gadhah viskositas ingkang langkung inggil. Sederhana, punika cendhèk viskositas suatu fluida, punika langkung ageng ugi perobahan saking fluida mau.&lt;ref&gt;
{{cite book 	 
| author = Symon, Keith 	 
| title = Mechanics 	 
| edition = Third
| publisher = Addison-Wesley	 
| year = 1971 	
| isbn = 0-201-07392-7
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
Viskositas njelentrehaken ketahanan internal fluida kanggé ngalir lan mungkin saged dipunpikiraken dados pengukuran saking [[pergeseran]] fluida. Dados tuladha, viskositas ingkang inggil saking [[magma]] badhé nyiptaaken statovolcano ingkang inggil lan curam, amargi boten saged engalir langkung tebih sakderenge ndingin, manawi viskositas ingkang langkung cendhèk saking [[lava]] badhé nyipaaken volcano ingkang cendhèk lan lebar.
Sedaya fluida (sanèsipun superfluida) gadhah ketahanan saking tekanan lan amargi punika dipunsebat '''kental''', nanging fluida ingkang boten nggadahii ketahanan tekanan lan tegangan dipunsebat '''fluide ideal'''.

Studi saking bahan ingkang ngalir dipunsebat [[Rheologi]], ingkang kalebet viskositas lan konsèp ingkang gegayutan.
==Asal Tembung==

Tembung &quot;viskositas&quot; asalipun saking basa [[Latin]] &quot;{{Lang|la|viscum alba}}&quot;, punika [[mistletoe]] pethak. Lem kental ingkang namanipun &quot;birdlime&quot; dipundamel saking buah mistletoe lan dipun-ginakaken kanggé ranting lemon kanggé nangkap burung.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=viscous |title=The Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Etymonline.com |accessdate=2010-09-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==Bahan lan kebiasaanipun==
===Ikhtisar===
[[Gambar:Laminar shear.svg|thumb|right|320px|Laminar shear of fluid between two plates. Friction between the fluid and the moving boundaries causes the fluid to shear. The force required for this action is a measure of the fluid's viscosity. This type of flow is known as a [[Couette flow]].]]
[[Gambar:Laminar shear flow.svg|thumb|right|320px|Laminar shear, the non-constant gradient, is a result of the geometry the fluid is flowing through (e.g. a pipe).]]

Secara Umum, ing saben aliran, lapisan-lapisan berpindah ing kecepatan ingkang bènten-bènten lan viskositas fluida mundhak saking tekanan geser antawis lapisan ingkang kanthi pasti nglawan saben gaya ingkang dipunparingaken.
Hubungan antawis tekanan geser lan gradiasi kecepatan saged pikoleh kaliyan mempertimbangkan kalih lempeng kanthi cerak dipunpisahaken kaliyan jarak ''y'', lan dipunpisahaken déning unsur [[homogen]]. Asumsikan manawi lempeng punika ageng kaliyan luas penampang ''A'', lan efek samping dapat diabaikan, dan lempeng yang lebih cendhèk tetap, anggap gaya ''F'' dapat dipunterapaken ing lempeng atas. Menawia gaya punika njalari unsur antawis lempeng nglampahi aliran geser kaliyan gradien kecepatan ''u/y'', unsur dipunsebat fluida.
== Téyori Newton ==
Manawi sebuah [[tekanan shear]] dipunterapaken ing sebuah benda [[padat]], badan punika badhé kaewah wujud ngantos njalari gaya ingkangg berlawanan kanggé ngimbangkan, sebuah [[ekuilibrium]]. Nanging, ketika sebuah tekanan shear dipunterapaken dateng sebuah [[fluid]], kados ta [[angin]] bertiup ing inggil lumah [[samodra]], fluid ngalir, lan kalajeng ngalir ing tekanan dipunterapaken. Ing tekanan dipunhilangaken, limrahipun, aliran berkurang amergi owah-owahan internal [[ènergi]].

== Cathetan suku ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ndelengen Uga ==
* [[Thixotropy]]
* [[Dilatant]]
* [[Indeks viskositas]]

== Bibliografi ==
* Massey, B S (1983) ''Mechanics of Fluids'', fifth edition, ISBN 0-442-30552-4
* [http://www.haake.de/info/Rheology_GSchr_E.pdf Introduction to Rheology by Gebhard Schramm in English language]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.haake.de/info/Rheology_GSchr_D.pdf Einführung in die Rheologie von Gebhard Schramm in deutscher Sprache]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

== Pranala njaba ==

* [http://www.gurumuda.com/viskositas Viskositas] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101140601/http://www.gurumuda.com/viskositas |date=2011-01-01 }}

[[Kategori:Mekanika kontinum]]
[[Kategori:Dinamika fluida]]
[[Kategori:Sifat kimia]]
[[Kategori:Kuantitas fisik]]
[[Kategori:Mekanika fluida]]
[[Kategori:Konsep fisika dhasar]]


{{fisika-stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Yadnya (awatara)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="5434" sha1="hf666oh9rer8ay6ob2bcmnf2e6w199x" xml:space="preserve">{{Hindu Déwa Infobox
| Image = From a series of Vishnu Avataras- Yagya.jpg
| Nama = Yadnya
| Alias = Yagya; Yadnyeswara
| Devanagari = यज्ञ
| Ejaan_Sanskerta = Yajña
| Golongan = [[awatara]] [[Wisnu]]
| Gelar_sebagai = Awatara Wisnu ingkang njabat minangka [[Indra]] wonten ing [[Manwantara]] kapisanan
| Kitab = ''[[Bhagawatapurana]]''; ''[[Wisnupurana]]''
}}
'''Yadnya''' {{Sanskerta|यज्ञ|Yajña}} utawi '''Yadnyeswara''' (&quot;Panguwasa [[Yadnya]]&quot;) inggih punika salah satungaling [[awatara]] (inkarnasi) [[Wisnu]] wonten ing [[agama]] [[Hindhu]]. Piyambakipun minangka panguwasa sadaya upacara wonten ing [[agama]] [[Hindhu]] ([[yadnya]]). Piyambakipun njabat minangka [[Indra]] wonten ing [[Manwantara]] kapisanan, éra [[Swayambu Manu]].

== Literatur ==
[[Gambar:Gurudeva at homa fire.jpg|left|200px|thumb|Wonten ing [[agama]] [[Hindhu]], [[yadnya]] inggih punika ritual suci kanggé pikantuk kasjahtran lan anugrah. Biasanipun dipunpimpin déning [[guru (agama Dharma)|Guru]] utawi [[rohaniwan]]. Geni minangka salah satunggaling aspèk ingkang wigati wonten ing upacara yadnya. Miturut kitab ''[[Purana]]'', déwa yadnya inggih punika Yadnya.]]
Kitab ''[[Bhagawatapurana]]'', ''[[Dewibhagawatapurana]]'',&lt;ref name=&quot;Mani&quot;&gt;Mani, hal. 890&lt;/ref&gt; lan ''[[Garudapurana]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;Bibek&quot;&gt;Bibek Debroy, Dipavali Debroy. ''The Garuda Purana.'' hal. 133.&lt;/ref&gt; damel Yadnya wonten ing pratélan [[awatara]] [[Wisnu]] utawi [[Narayana|Adinarayana]]. Yadnya dipunklasifikasikaken minangka salah satunggal saking 14 awatara utama [[Manwantara]] (awatara wonten ing Manwantara ingkang kagayut lan ingkang nyengkuyung [[Indra]] kagayut lan para déwa ingkang sanès kanggé njagi prinsip-prinsip agama) ingkang dipunsebut ''Waibhawa-awatara''. Yadnya ugi dipunkategorikaken minangka ''Kalpa-awatara'' (satungaling awatara ingkang mandhap ing sawijining [[:wiktionary:aeon|aeon]] ingkang dipunsebut [[Kalpa (ékan waktu)|Kalpa]]) saking Wisnu.&lt;ref&gt;M.M.Ninan. ''The Development Of Hinduism.'' Madathil Mammen Nina. hal. 246.&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[Wisnupurana]]'' ngandharaken bilih Yadnya gadhah sadhèrèk kembar ingkang nama Daksina (&quot;sumbangan&quot;). Lajeng, Yadnya lan Daksina palakrama lan gadhah kalih welas putra. Kekalih welas déwa mau dipunsebut para Yama.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mani&quot;/&gt; ''[[Bhagawatapurana]]'' ngidentikaken Yadnya kaliyan Wisnu lan Daksina kaliyan Dewi [[Laksmi]], dewi kabegjan lan permaisuri Wisnu.

== Mitologi ==

Wonten ing manéka ''[[Purana]]'' dipunsebutaken bilih Yadnya inggih punika putra Prajapati [[Ruci]] lan [[Akuti]], putri [[Swayambu Manu]]—[[Manu (Hindhu)|Manu]] ingkang kapisanan (leluhur umat manungsa).&lt;ref name=&quot;Mani&quot;/&gt; Sadanguning période kepemimpinan Swayambu Manu (''[[Manwantara|Swayambuwa Manwantara]]''), boten wonten [[Indra]] (pemimpin para [[déwa (Hindhu)|déwa]]) ingkang cakap. Dados, Wisnu njalma minangka Yadnya lan njabat minangka Indra.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mani&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/1/3/12/en|title=Bhaktivedanta VedaBase: Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 1.3.12|last=[[Prabhupada]]|publisher=The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust International, Inc.|accessdate=24 Maret 2013|archive-date=2010-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100328103349/http://vedabase.net/sb/1/3/12/en|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sasampuning miyos, Yadnya dumunung wonten ing dalemipun [[Swayambu Manu]]. Laré-laré kanggé Yajna lan Dakshina dipunsukani nama minangka Tosa, Pratosa, Santosa, Badra, Santi, Idaspati, Idma, Kawi, Wibu, Swahna, Sudewa lan Rocana. Sedaya putra punika dipunsebut minangka para [[Tusita]]. Lajeng Yadnya dipunangkat dados Indra.&lt;ref name = &quot;Mani&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name = &quot;bhagavata&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.srimadbhagavatam.org/canto4/chapter1.html#Text%209|title=Bhagavata Purana Canto 4, chap. 1:Genealogical Table of the Daughters of Manu|last=Anand Aadhar|accessdate=24 Maret 2013|archive-date=2022-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214114300/https://www.srimadbhagavatam.org/canto4/chapter1.html#Text%209|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Garudapurana]]'' ngendika bilih piyambakipun nindakaken kathah [[yadnya|upacara pangorbanan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bibek&quot;/&gt;

Cariyos ingkang sanès saking ''[[Wisnupurana]]'' ngandharaken bilih nalika penghancuran upacara ingkang dipuntindakaken [[Daksa (mitologi)|Daksa]], Yadnya, panguwasa upacara pangorbanan, mlajar minangka [[rusa]]. Mustaka Yadnya dipunpenggal déning [[Wirabadra]], inkarnasi [[Siwa]] ingkang nggegirisi. Lajeng cathetan saking ''[[Hariwangsa]]'' lan ''[[Linggapurana]]'' nggayutaken cariyso mau kaliyan asal mula [[rasi lintang]] ([[Naksatra]]) [[Mergasirsa]] (teges: &quot;kanthi sirah rusa&quot;). Déwa [[Brahma]] ngangkat sirah Yadnya nuju dhateng lapisan planit-planit minangka Mregasirsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=John Dowson|title=A classical dictionary of Hindhu mythology, and religion, geography, history|publisher=Asian Educational Services.|pages=371}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Horace Hayman Wilson|title=The Vishnu Purana|publisher=BiblioBazaar, LLC|volume=1|pages=176-7, 180}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Rujukan ==
* Mani, Vettam (1975). ''Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature.'' Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 0-8426-0822-2.
* Svāmī Harshānanda. ''Deva-Devī Hindhu.'' Diterjemahkan olèh I Wayan Maswinara. Surabaya: Penerbit Pāramita. ISBN 979-9257-10-7.

{{hindu Awatara}}

[[Kategori:Awatara]]
[[Kategori:Hindhu]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Peperangan Magenta</title>
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      <text bytes="2066" sha1="h44nkx795arqm4vl7bditv4o5td2vy1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Military Conflict
|conflict=Peperangan Magenta
|partof=[[Perang Kamardikan Itali Kaloro]]
|image=[[Gambar:The Italian camp after the Battle of Magenta (1862), by Giovanni Fattori.jpg|300px|]]
|caption=Lokasi perang Ostenrik-Sardinia 1859 
|date=[[4 Juni]] [[1859]] &lt;ref&gt;Intimate Memoirs of Napoleon III: Personal Reminiscences of the Man and the Emperor-Page 148 by Ambès-1912&lt;/ref&gt;
|place=[[Magenta, Itali|Magenta]], [[Itali]]
|result=Kamenangan Prancis-Sardinia
|combatant1={{Flagicon|Prancis}} [[Kakaisaran Prancis Kaloro]]{{br}}[[Gambar:Flag of Italy (1861-1946) crowned.svg|20px]] [[Karajan Sardinia]]
|combatant2=[[Gambar:Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg|20px]] [[Kakaisaran Ostenrik]]
|commander1=[[Napoleon III saka Prancis|Napoleon III]]{{br}}[[Patrice de Mac-Mahon, duc de Magenta|Mac-Mahon]]
|commander2=[[Ferencz Gyulaj]]
|strength1=59.100{{br}}91 senapan
|strength2=125.000 &lt;ref&gt;The Library of Historic Characters and Famous Events of All Nations and All Ages-Page 77 by Ainsworth Rand Spofford&lt;/ref&gt;
|casualties1=657 tiwas{{br}}3.858 tatu-tatu
|casualties2=1.368 tiwas{{br}}4.538 tatu-tatu{{br}}4.500 dicekel
}}
'''Peperangan Magenta''' iku peperangan sing dumadi nalika tanggal [[4 Juni]] [[1859]] suwéné [[Perang Kamardikan Italia Kaloro]] antarané [[Prancis]]-[[Karajan Sardinia|Sardinia]] nglawan [[Kakaisaran Ostenrik]]. Perang iki dimenangaké déning Prancis-Sardinia.

Perang iki dumadi ing [[Magenta, Italia|Magenta]] ing [[Italia]] lor.

== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.comunedimagenta.it/pubblicazioni/battaglia/battaglia.asp?LNG=ING The web site of the battle] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927075337/http://www.comunedimagenta.it/pubblicazioni/battaglia/battaglia.asp?LNG=ING |date=2007-09-27 }}. {{en icon}} {{it icon}} {{fr icon}} {{de icon}}

== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Konflik taun 1859]]
[[Kategori:Perang sing nglibataké Prancis]]
[[Kategori:Perang sing nglibataké Ostenrik]]
[[Kategori:Ostenrik sajeroning taun 1859]]
[[Kategori:Prancis sajeroning taun 1859]]


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  <page>
    <title>Tracy Letts</title>
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      <text bytes="14302" sha1="6ez1pnclnnrgria5hw4m5ea2by7w515" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name          = Tracy Letts
| image         = Tracy Letts at 2013 Toronto Film Festival.jpg
| image_size     =
| caption       = Letts at the premiere of ''[[August: Osage County (film)|August: Osage County]]'', [[Toronto International Film Festival]] on September 9, 2013
| birth_name     =
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1965|7|4}}
| birth_place    = [[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]], [[Oklahoma]], [[United States]]
| death_date     =
| death_alcdplvf
| other_names     =
| occupation    = [[Playwright]], [[screenwriter]], [[actor]]
| spouse        = {{marriage|[[Carrie Coon]]|2013}}
| years_active   = 1988–present
| dramadeskawards = '''[[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play|Outstanding Play]]'''&lt;br&gt;2008 ''[[August: Osage County]]''
| awards          = '''[[Pulitzer Prize for Drama]]'''&lt;br&gt;2008 ''[[August: Osage County]]'' &lt;br&gt; '''[[Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play]]'''&lt;br&gt;2013 ''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf]]''
}}

'''Tracy Letts''' ({{lahirmati|[[Tulsa, Oklahoma|Tulsa]], [[Oklahoma]]|4|7|1965}}) inggih punika salah satunggalipun panganggit skénario lan [[juru paraga]] saking [[Amérikah Sarékat]] ingkang nampi pangaji [[Pulitzer Prize for Drama|Pulitzer ing Kategori Sandhiwara]] awit saking kaprigelanipun maragani ing ''[[August: Osage County]]''&lt;ref name=&quot;Pulitzer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2008-Drama|title=The 2008 Pulitzer Prize Winners – Drama|work=pulitzer.org|access-date=2017-05-18|archive-date=2015-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224061822/http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2008-Drama|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; lan [[Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play|Tony Award]] lumantar paraganipun minangka George ing [[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf|''Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?'']]. Piyambakipun nganggit skénario tigang [[filem]] ingkang dipunangkat saking lakon [[sandhiwara]] anggitanipun piyambak, inggih punika ''[[Bug (2006 film)|Bug]]'' lan ''[[Killer Joe (film)|Killer Joe]]'', dipunsutradarani [[William Friedkin]], lan ''[[August: Osage County (film)|August: Osage County]]'', dipunsutradarani [[John Wells (TV producer)|John Wells]]. Namanipun ugi misuwur saking paraganipun minangka Andrew Lockhart wonten ing adicara [[televisi]] [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]], [[Homeland (TV series)|''Homeland'']], ingkang lajeng pikantuk nominasi kalih kategori ing Screen Actors Guild Awards.

== Latar wingking ==
Letts lair ing [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]], putranipun panyerat misuwur, [[Billie Letts]] (née Gipson) lan [[profesor]] ugi [[juru paraga]], [[Dennis Letts]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Billie Letts&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.readersread.com/features/billieletts2.htm|title=Interview with Billie Letts|work=readersread.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=nyt&gt;{{cite news | author=Associated Press | title=Dennis Letts, 73, a Professor Who Became Broadway Actor, Dies | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/25/theater/25letts.html?_r=1&amp;em&amp;ex=1204606800 | work=The New York Times | date=2008-02-25 | accessdate=2008-07-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Piyambakipun gadhah kalih rakamas, Shawn, juru musik jazz lan panata musik, lan Dana. Letts ageng wonten ing [[Durant, Oklahoma]] lan nglampahi pawiyatan ing [[Durant High School (Oklahoma)|Durant High School]] [[dasawarsa]] 1980-an. Salajengipun piyambakipun ngalih wonten [[Dallas]], nyambut damel minangka [[telemarketing|bakul saking katebihan]] sinambi miwiti kiprahipun minangka juru paraga kanthi maragani lakon anggitanipun Jerry Flemmons, ''O Dammit!'', ingkang dipunsengkuyung déning [[Southern Methodist University]].

Ing yuswa 20 taun, Letts ngalih wonten [[Chicago]], nyambut damel sewelas taun ing [[Steppenwolf Theatre Company]] lan Famous Door. Dumugi sapunika piyambakipun taksih lelabetan minangka péranganing Steppenwolf. Piyambakipun yasa [[Bang Bang Spontaneous Theatre]], ingkang anggotanipun antawisipun [[Greg Kotis]] (panampi bebungah [[Tony Award]] lumantar ''[[Urinetown]]''), [[Michael Shannon]] (mblebet nominasi ing [[Academy Award]] lumantar ''[[Revolutionary Road (film)|Revolutionary Road]]''), [[Paul Dillon]], lan [[Amy Pietz]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | author= | title=Tracy Letts's Productions at Steppenwolf | url=http://www.steppenwolf.org/ensemble/members/productions.aspx?id=41 | work=Steppenwolf Theatre Company | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-03 | archive-date=2007-09-28 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928030105/http://www.steppenwolf.org/ensemble/members/productions.aspx?id=41 | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; Taun 1991, Letts nyerat lakon ''Killer Joe''. Kalih taun salajengipun, maragani ing The Next Lab Theater Chicago, lajengThe 29th Street Rep in NYC. Lakon ''Killer Joe'' punika dipunpéntasaken ing langkung saking 15 nagari lan kalih basa.&lt;ref name=observer&gt;{{cite news | author=Carlton Stowers | title=Sweet Revenge | url=http://dallasobserver.com/2003-11-27/news/sweet-revenge | work=The Dallas Observer | date=27 November 2003 | accessdate=2008-07-03 | archive-date=2008-06-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612152448/http://www.dallasobserver.com/2003-11-27/news/sweet-revenge/ | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=observer /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | author=Aifen Wang | title=In-your-face Theatre with In Your Face Sound Design | url=http://www.stageresearch.com/showcases/indexArchived.aspx?0612_showcase.html | publisher=Stage Research | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-07-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letts sesémahan kaliyan juru paraga wanita [[Carrie Coon]] (ingkang naté dados juru paraga ing filem ''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?]],'') wulan Sèptèmber 2013.

Letts sampun nyerat skénario kanggé filem ''[[Bug (2006 film)|Bug]]'' ingkang dipunsutradarani [[William Friedkin]], dipunangkat saking lakon anggitanipun piyambak, ''[[Killer Joe (film)|Killer Joe]]'' dipunsutradarani Friedkin, dipunangkat saking lakon anggitanipun piyambak, lan ''[[August: Osage County]]'' bilih sutradharanipun [[John Wells (TV producer)|John Wells]], ugi dipunangkat saking lakon anggitanipun ingkang kasil menang wonten adicara Pulitzer-Prize lan Tony Award kanthi sesirah ingkang sami.

Lumantar ''Killer Joe'', Letts mlebet nominasi [[Saturn Award]] wonten pahargyan The Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy &amp; Horror Films, USA, minangka Panganggit Paling Saé. Taun 2007, piyambakipun ugi ngayahi minangka juru damel palaksana ngrangkep maragani filem cekak ''Cop Show'', ingkang dipunsutradarani Leo Benvenuti lan [[Steve Rudnick]]. Kajawi punika, ugi maragani ing filem ''[[Danny Pudi]]''.

Letts naté maragani senator Amérikah Sarékat Andrew Lockhart ing adicara televisi [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]] mangsa kaping tiga, damelanipn ''[[Homeland (TV series)|Homeland]]''. Lumantar kaparagan punika, piyambakipun mlebet nominasi ing [[Screen Actors Guild]] taun 2013. Piyambakipun maragani malih ing mangsa kaping sekawan, sesarengan kaliyan Lockhart minangka Direktur CIA.

Letts ugi maragani ing ''[[Prison Break]]'' (minangka Peter Tucci), ''[[The District]]'' (minangka Brad Gilroy), ''[[Strong Medicine]]'' (minangka Ken), ''[[Profiler (TV series)|Profiler]]'' (minangka Mr. Adams), ''[[Judging Amy]]'' (minangka Mr. Kleinman), ''[[The Drew Carey Show]]'' (minangka Lomax), ''[[Seinfeld]]'', ''[[Early Edition]]'' (minangka Jonathan/Marksman), lan ''[[Home Improvement (TV series)|Home Improvement]]'' (minangka Henry).

Ing filem biyoskup, Letts maragani pakaryanipun [[Audrey Wells]] sesirah [[Guinevere (film)|''Guinevere'']] (minangka Zack), pakaryanipun  [[Stuart Baird]] sesirah ''[[U.S. Marshals (film)|U.S. Marshals]]'' (minangka Sheriff Poe), ''[[Chicago Cab]]'' (minangka pandhemen olahraga), ''[[Straight Talk]]'' (minangka Sean), ''[[Paramedics (film)|Paramedics]]'' (minangka ingkang gadhah van), lan ''[[The Big Short (film)|The Big Short]]'' (minangka Lawrence Fields). Kajawi punika, Letts ugi dados paraga panyengkuyung minangka Dean Caudwell ing ''[[Indignation (film)|Indignation]]'' (2016), satunggalipun filem ingkang dipunangkat saking [[novèl]] anggitanipun [[Philip Roth]] kanthi sesirah ingkang sami, dipunbabar taun 2008.

== Pakaryan panggung ==

=== Minangka panganggit lakon sandhiwara ===
* 1993 ''Killer Joe''
* 1996 ''[[Bug (play)|Bug]]''
* 2003 ''[[Man from Nebraska]]''
* 2007 ''[[August: Osage County]]''
* 2008 ''[[Superior Donuts]]''
* 2009 ''Three Sisters'' &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Three Sisters by Anton Chekhov, adapted by Tracy Letts | url=http://www.artistsrep.org/onstage/2008---2009-season/three-sisters.aspx | publisher=[[Artists Repertory Theatre]] | accessdate=October 26, 2009 | quote=This adaptation of the Russian masterpiece was commissioned by Artists Rep as part three of its four-part Chekhov project. Letts offers a fresh, new look at the decay of the privileged class and the search for meaning in the modhèren world, through the eyes of three dissatisfied sisters who desperately long for their treasured past. | archive-date=October 25, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025155553/http://artistsrep.org/onstage/2008---2009-season/three-sisters.aspx | url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2015 ''The Stretch''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=&quot;TEN&quot; earns its rating at The Gift Theatre-Chicago Sun-Times | url=http://chicago.suntimes.com/entertainment/post/ten-earns-rating-gift-theatre/ }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2016 ''Mary Page Marlowe''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Carrie Coon Among Cast Of 19 For Steppenwolf's World Premiere Of Tracy Letts Play | url=http://live-sun-times-entertainment.gotpantheon.com/entertainment-news/carrie-coon-among-cast-19-steppenwolfs-world-premiere-tracy-letts-play/ | publisher=[[Chicago Sun-Times]] | accessdate=December 7, 2015 }}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Minangka juru paraga ===
* 1988 ''[[The Glass Menagerie]]''
* 1991–1995 [[Bang Bang Spontaneous Theatre]]
* 1994 ''[[Picasso At The Lapin Agile]]''
* 1999 ''[[Three Days of Rain]]''
* 2001 ''[[Glengarry Glen Ross]]''
* 2002 ''The Dazzle''
* 2002 ''Miracle on 34th Street''
* 2003 ''Homebody/Kabul''
* 2004 ''[[The Dresser]]''
* 2005 ''Last of the Boys''
* 2005 ''[[Orson's Shadow]]''
* 2005 ''The Pain and the Itch''
* 2006 ''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?]]''
* 2006 ''[[The Pillowman]]''
* 2006 ''The Well-Appointed Room''
* 2007 ''[[Betrayal (play)|Betrayal]]''
* 2009 ''[[American Buffalo (play)|American Buffalo]]''
* 2012 ''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?]]''
* 2014 ''[[The Realistic Joneses]]''

== Pakaryan filem ==

=== Filem ===
{| class = &quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Taun
! Sesirah
! Maragani
! Cathetan
|-
| 1988
| ''Paramedics'' 
| Van owner
|
|-
| 1992 
| ''[[Straight Talk]]'' 
| Sean
|
|-
| 1998 
| ''Chicago Cab'' 
| Sports fan
|
|-
| 1998 
| ''[[U.S. Marshals (film)|U.S. Marshals]]'' 
| Sheriff Poe
|
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Guinevere (film)|Guinevere]]'' 
| Zack
| 
|-
| 2006
| ''[[Bug (2006 film)|Bug]]''
|
| Writer
|-
| 2007 
| ''Cop Show'' 
| Michael Cooke 
| Short film; also writer
|-
| 2012 
| ''[[Killer Joe (film)|Killer Joe]]''
|
| Writer
|-
| 2013 
| ''[[August: Osage County (film)|August: Osage County]]''
|
| Writer
|-
| 2015 
| ''[[The Big Short (film)|The Big Short]]'' 
| Lawrence Fields
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Wiener-Dog (film)|Wiener-Dog]]'' 
| Danny
|
|-
| 2016 
| ''[[Christine (2016 film)|Christine]]'' 
| Michael
|
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Indignation (film)|Indignation]]'' 
| Hawes D. Caudwell
|
|-
| 2016 
| ''[[Elvis &amp; Nixon]]'' 
| John Finlator
|
|-
| 2016 
| ''[[Imperium (2016 film)|Imperium]]'' 
| Dallas Wolf
|
|-
| 2017
| ''[[The Lovers (2017 film)|The Lovers]]''
|Michael
| Post-production
|-
| 2017
| ''[[Lady Bird (film)|Lady Bird]]''
|
| Post-production
|}

=== Televisi ===
{| class = &quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|-
! Taun
! Sesirah
! Maragani
! Cathetan
|-
| 1995 
| ''[[Home Improvement (TV series)|Home Improvement]]'' 
| Henry
| Episode: &quot;Jill's Surprise Party&quot;
|-
| 1996–1997
| ''[[Early Edition]]'' 
| Jonathan / Marksman 
| 2 episodes
|-
| 1997
| ''[[Seinfeld]]'' 
| Counterguy 
| Episode: &quot;[[The Strike (Seinfeld)|The Strike]]&quot;
|-
| 1998
| ''[[The Drew Carey Show]]'' 
| Lomax 
| Episode: &quot;Drew and the Conspiracy&quot;
|-
| 1999
| ''[[Judging Amy]]'' 
| Mr. Kleinman 
| Episode: &quot;Pilot&quot;
|-
| 2000
| ''[[Profiler (TV series)|Profiler]]'' 
| Mr. Adams 
| Episode: &quot;Train Man&quot;
|-
| 2001 
| ''[[Strong Medicine]]'' 
| Ken 
| Episode: &quot;Wednesday Night Fever&quot;
|-
| 2001
| ''[[The District]]'' 
| Brad Gilroy 
| Episode: &quot;Melt Down&quot;
|-
| 2006 
| ''[[Prison Break]]'' 
| Peter Tucci
| 2 episodes
|-
| 2013–2014 
| ''[[Homeland (TV series)|Homeland]]'' 
| Senator/Director Andrew Lockhart 
| 24 episodes
|-
| 2016–present
| ''[[Divorce (TV series)|Divorce]]'' 
| Nick 
|10 episodes
|}

== Pangaji lan nominasi ==
;Pangaji
* 2008 [[Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Play]] – ''August: Osage County''
* 2008 [[Pulitzer Prize for Drama]] – ''August: Osage County''
* 2008 [[Tony Award for Best Play]] – ''August: Osage County''
* 2013 [[Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play]] – ''Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?''
;Nominasi
* 2004 Pulitzer Prize for Drama – ''Man from Nebraska''
* 2013 [[Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series]] – ''Homeland''
* 2014 Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series – ''Homeland''

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Pranala njawi ==
* {{IBDB name}}
* {{IMDb name|504832}}
* {{iobdb name|3074}}
* {{people.com}}
*[http://writetv.okstate.edu ''Write TV'' public television interview with Tracy Letts]

{{Authority control}}

{{artikel ing krama}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Letts, Tracy}}
[[Kategori:1965 births]]
[[Kategori:Orang hidup]]
[[Kategori:American male screenwriters]]
[[Kategori:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Kategori:Drama Desk Award winners]]
[[Kategori:People from Durant, Oklahoma]]
[[Kategori:Male actors from Tulsa, Oklahoma]]
[[Kategori:Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners]]
[[Kategori:Tony Award winners]]
[[Kategori:20th-century American male actors]]
[[Kategori:Ingkang maragani laki-laki Amérikah Sarékat abad ke-21]]
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[[Kategori:21st-century American dramatists and playwrights]]
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[[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]]</text>
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    <title>Tawon kertas</title>
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      <text bytes="4651" sha1="8xfbc6hyv9pi0f4kig951ny6n5ecsgj" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name =Tawon kertas
| image = Wasp colony.jpg
| image_caption = Ratu (''[[Polistes dominula]]'') miwiti gawé koloni anyar
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis = [[Insecta]]
| ordo = [[Hymenoptera]]
| familia = [[Vespidae]]
| subordo = [[Apocrita]]
| subfamilia = '''[[Polistinae]]''', '''[[Stenogastrinae]]''', or '''[[Vespinae]]'''
}}

[[File:Ladies of the Lake.webm|thumb|Tawon kertas (''Polistes major'')]]
'''Tawon kertas''' ya iku tawon [[vespidae]] kang nglumpukaké serat saka kayu mati lan gagang tetuwuhan kang banjur dicampur karo [[iler]] minangka bahan kanggo gawé omah/tala kang tahan banyu, kanthi wujud mèmper [[kertas]] kang warna klawu utawa soklat. Sawatara jinis tawon kertas uga karan '''tawon payung''' amarga saka omahé kang mèmper payung.&lt;ref name=enc&gt;[http://www.everythingabout.net/articles/biology/animals/arthropods/insects/wasps/paper_wasp/ &quot;Paper Wasp&quot; ] Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[File:Wasp May 2008-11.jpg|thumb|Tawon kertas Eropah (''[[Polistes dominula]]'') lagi ngendhog]]
==Spésiès==
Jeneng tawon kertas lumrahé ngrujuk marang anggota subfamili [[Polistinae vespid]], sanajan ing padinan uga kalebu tawon saka subfamili [[Vespinae]] lan [[Stenogastrinae]] kang uga gawé omah saka kertas. Watara ana 300 spésies [[Polistes]] kang dikenali sadonya. Déné saka [[Ropalidiini]] ana 300, suku  [[Epiponini]] ana 250 lan [[Mischocyttarini]] uga 250 spésies saéngga kabèh ana watara 1.100 spésiès. Tawon kertas kang paling umum ing Eropah ya iku  ''[[Polistes dominula]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ipc.ibaraki.ac.jp/~jkrte/wasp/polistes/Polistes.htm |title=Distributional checklist of the species of the genus ''Polistes'' (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Polistini) |author=James M. Carpenter |accessdate=2009-02-09 |archive-date=2009-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710131558/http://www.ipc.ibaraki.ac.jp/~jkrte/wasp/polistes/Polistes.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;.
==Omah tawon kertas==
Omah tawon kertas kang asli bisa katitik saka [[tala]] kanggo ngrukti [[larva]], lan anané gagang kanggo nggantung omah utawa nèmplèkaké omahé.&lt;ref name= OSU&gt;Lyon, W.F. and G.S. Wegner (1991). [http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2077.html Paper Wasps and Hornets] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010425015741/http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2077.html |date=2001-04-25 }} Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet: Entomology&lt;/ref&gt; Kertas tala tawon ngandhut dat kang bisa nyegah [[semut]], supaya endhog lan [[larva]] tetep aman. 
Lumrahé tawon [[Vespidae]] gawé omah saka kertas. Nanging pira-pira spésies saka [[stenogastrin]] kaya ta [[Liostenogaster flavolineata]] migunakaké lendhut.
Omah tawon kertas bisa tinemu ing papan kang arang kesrambah lan aman kayadéné ing wuwungan omah, pang wit-witan utawa tritisan omah.
Telu spésies [[Polistes]] wus kélangan daya kanggo gawé omah dhéwé lan dadi [[parasit]] kanthi nitipaké anaké ing  omahé tawon liya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dapporto&quot;&gt;Dapporto L, Cervo R, Sledge MF, Turillazzi S (2004) &quot;Rank integration in dominance hierarchies of host colonies by the paper wasp social parasite ''Polistes sulcifer'' (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)&quot;. ''J Insect Physiol'' '''50''':217–223&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;br&gt; Nilik saka ukurané, gedhéné omah tawon kertas warna-warna, gumantung saka spésiès lan cacahé tawon ing sajeroning koloni. Koloni tawon saka génus [[vespa (génus)|vespa]] (kaya ta [[tawon endhas]]) kanthi anggota atusan tawon omahé bisa nganti sagedhéné woh [[nangka]].
==Perilaku==
Tawon kertas saka jinis [[Vespinae]] racaké galak lan bisa ngantup wong utawa kéwan ing sakiwatengené. Déné jinis [[Polistinae]] lumrahé mung bakal nyerang manawa diganggu.&lt;ref&gt;Felixson, Carol (undated). &quot;Paper wasps work together.&quot; Retrieved 2009-04-26 from &quot;L.A. Times&quot; at http://www.latimes.com/features/kids/readingroom/la-et-kidcal5mar06,1,7872696.story {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110305223411/http://www.latimes.com/features/kids/readingroom/la-et-kidcal5mar06,1,7872696.story |date=2011-03-05 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; 
Tawon kertas bisa dianggep mitra tumrapé wong tani&lt;ref name=Texas&gt;Drees, B.M. and John Jackman (1999). ''Field Guide to Texas Insects.'' Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas. Excerpt available at: [http://insects.tamu.edu/fieldguide/cimg348.html Texas Cooperative extension]&lt;/ref&gt; amarga tawon kertas mangan mangan uler, larva, laler lan gegremet liyané kang lumrahé dadi ama tetuwuhan saéngga tawon kertas bisa kalebu [[biokontrol]] alami.&lt;ref name= OSU/&gt;.

== Rujukan ==

[[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Unai Emery</title>
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      <text bytes="5596" sha1="sjd44nzmpwm9x6jm74fw65ykupk8kbw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football biography
| name = Unai Emery 
| image = Sev tren 2016 (3).jpg
| image_size =
| caption = Emery with [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]] in 2016
| fullname = Unai Emery Etxegoien&lt;ref name=BDFutbol&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bdfutbol.com/en/l/l2558.html |title=Emery: Unai Emery Etxegoien: Manager |publisher=BDFutbol |accessdate=21 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1971|11|3|df=y}}&lt;ref name=BDFutbol/&gt;
| birth_place = [[Hondarribia]], Spain
| height = {{convert|1.80|m|ftin|0|abbr=on}}&lt;ref name=BDFutbol/&gt;
| position = [[Midfielder]]
| currentclub = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]
| youthyears1 = 1986–1990&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://cadenaser.com/emisora/2015/06/29/radio_san_sebastian/1435587584_888506.html|title=Emery: &quot;¿La Real? Me debo al Sevilla, pero mis orígenes no los olvido&quot;|trans-title=Real? I owe much to Sevilla, but I haven't forgotten my origins|publisher=[[Cadena SER]]|language=Spanish|date=29 May 2015|accessdate=30 January 2018|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225054841/https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2015/06/29/radio_san_sebastian/1435587584_888506.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; | youthclubs1 = [[Real Sociedad cantera|Real Sociedad]]
| years1 = 1990–1995 | clubs1 = [[Real Sociedad B]] | caps1 = 89 | goals1 = 7
| years2 = 1995–1996 | clubs2 = [[Real Sociedad]] | caps2 = 5 | goals2 = 1
| years3 = 1996–2000 | clubs3 = [[CD Toledo|Toledo]] | caps3 = 126 | goals3 = 2
| years4 = 2000–2002 | clubs4 = [[Racing de Ferrol|Racing Ferrol]] | caps4 = 61 | goals4 = 7
| years5 = 2002–2003 | clubs5 = [[CD Leganés|Leganés]] | caps5 = 28 | goals5 = 0
| years6 = 2003–2004 | clubs6 = [[Lorca Deportiva CF|Lorca Deportiva]] | caps6 = 30 | goals6 = 1
| totalcaps = 339 | totalgoals = 18
| manageryears1 = 2005–2006 | managerclubs1 = [[Lorca Deportiva CF|Lorca Deportiva]]
| manageryears2 = 2006–2008 | managerclubs2 = [[UD Almería|Almería]]
| manageryears3 = 2008–2012 | managerclubs3 = [[Valencia CF|Valencia]]
| manageryears4 = 2012 | managerclubs4 = [[FC Spartak Moscow|Spartak Moscow]]
| manageryears5 = 2013–2016 | managerclubs5 = [[Sevilla FC|Sevilla]]
| manageryears6 = 2016–2018 | managerclubs6 = [[Paris Saint-Germain F.C.|Paris Saint-Germain]]
| manageryears7 = 2018-
| managerclubs7 = [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]
}}
'''Unai Emery Etxegoien''' ({{IPA-eu|uˈnai eˈmeɾi etʃeˈɣojen|lang}}; lair tanggal 3 Novèmber 1971) ya iku mènèjer [[bal-balan]] [[Spanyol]] lan mantan pamain [[bal-balan]]. Dhèwèké saiki dadi mènèjer klub [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]].

Sasampunipun main karir main wonten ing Segunda División Spanyol, piyambakipun dados mènèjer nalika taun 2005, miwiti kaliyan Lorca lan Almería sadèrèngipun nglampahi tigang taun kaliyan [[Valencia CF]] lan ngetokaken tim kasebut wonten ing tiga klasemen ing La Liga.

Sasampunipun mandhap ing [[Spartak Moskow]], Emery pindhah dhateng [[Sevilla]] ing taun 2013, lan mimpin klub kasebut kanthi telung klasemèn kamenangan Liga Europa sadurungé nerusaké ing Paris Saint-Germain ing taun 2016, ing pundi piyambakipun menang tiga gelar ing taun kapisan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/football/article/2017/05/28/football-vers-une-deuxieme-saison-au-psg-pour-l-entraineur-unai-emery_5135018_1616938.html|title=Football: vers une deuxième saison au PSG pour l’entraîneur Unai Emery?|trans-title=Football: second season in sight at PSG for coach Unai Emery?|newspaper=[[Le Monde]]|author=Rémi Dupré|language=French|date=28 May 2017|accessdate=30 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Awal umur &amp; karier main==
Emery lair ing [[Hondarribia]], [[Gipuzkoa]], Negara Basque.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://elpais.com/deportes/2012/09/18/actualidad/1348004938_946271.html|title=El incordio de Hondarribia|trans-title=The nuisance from Hondarribia|newspaper=[[El País]]|language=Spanish|date=18 September 2012|accessdate=30 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.diariovasco.com/deportes/futbol/201703/07/emery-hondarribia-pelear-champions-20170306183400.html|title=Emery, de Hondarribia a pelear por la Champions|trans-title=Emery, from Hondarribia to fighting for the Champions|newspaper=[[El Diario Vasco]]|language=Spanish|date=7 March 2017|accessdate=30 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Bapaké lan simbah kakungé, asmané Juan lan Antonio, uga dadi pemain bal, dadi kiper. Tilas muncul kanggo sawatara klub ing peringkat kapindho, nalika tim kasebut gabung karo Real Unión ing divisi puncak.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lne.es/ultima/2010/06/05/emery-hijo-portero-padre-entrenador/925310.html|title=Emery: hijo de portero, padre de entrenador|trans-title=Emery: son of a goalkeeper, father of a coach|newspaper=[[La Nueva España]]|language=Spanish|date=5 June 2010|accessdate=30 January 2018|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110637/http://www.lne.es/ultima/2010/06/05/emery-hijo-portero-padre-entrenador/925310.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.marca.com/2015/05/10/futbol/equipos/sevilla/1431250007.html|title=Muere el padre de Unai Emery|trans-title=The father of Unai Emery dies|newspaper=Marca|language=Spanish|date=10 May 2015|accessdate=30 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paklik Emery, Román, main minangka glandhang.

==Pranala njaba== 
* [http://www.lemonde.fr/football/article/2017/05/28/football-vers-une-deuxieme-saison-au-psg-pour-l-entraineur-unai-emery_5135018_1616938.html|title=Football: vers une deuxième saison au PSG pour l’entraîneur Unai Emery?|trans-title=Football: second season in sight at PSG for coach Unai Emery?]

==Rujukan==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>The Help (filem)</title>
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      <text bytes="4779" sha1="pzuou1gmnstynmvzyemqcg3n9wq2kgb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film|name=The Help|image=|image_size=250px|caption=Poster film ''The Help''|director=[[Tate Taylor]]|producer=[[Chris Columbus]]&lt;br&gt;Michael Barnathan&lt;br&gt;Brunson Green|screenplay=Tate Taylor|based on={{Based on|''[[The Help]]''|[[Kathryn Stockett]]}}|starring=[[Viola Davis]]&lt;br&gt;[[Emma Stone]]&lt;br&gt;[[Octavia Spencer]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jessica Chastain]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bryce Dallas Howard]]&lt;br&gt;[[Allison Janney]]|music=[[Thomas Newman]]|cinematography=Stephen Goldblatt|editing=Hughes Winborne|studio=[[Touchstone Pictures]]&lt;br&gt;[[DreamWorks|DreamWorks Pictures]]&lt;br&gt;Reliance Entertainment&lt;br&gt;Participant Media&lt;br&gt;Image Nation&lt;br&gt;1492 Pictures&lt;br&gt;Harbinger Pictures|distributor=[[Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group|Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]|released={{film date|2011|8|9|[[Beverly Hills, California|Beverly Hills]]|2011|8|10|Amerika Serikat}}|runtime=146 menit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://bbfc.co.uk/releases/help-2011 |title=The Help (12) |publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=October 16, 2011 |accessdate=February 20, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;|country=Amerika Serikat|language=Bahasa Inggris|budget=$25 juta&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot; /&gt;|gross=$216.639.112&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The Help (2011) |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=help2011.htm |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=February 20, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;|border=no}}
'''''The Help (film)''''' menika film drama sajarah Amerika Serikat taun 2011 sing disutradarani dening Tate Taylor lan digawé dening Chris Columbus, Michael Barnathan lan Brunson Green. Naskah film iki ditulis dening Tate Taylor adhedhasar ''Bantuan'' dening Kathryn Stockett . Juru paragane film iki yaiku Viola Davis, [[Emma Stone]], [[Octavia Spencer]], Jessica Chastain, Bryce Dallas Howard lan Allison Janney .

'''''The Help (film)''''' wiwit ditayangke ing Beverly Hills tanggal 9 Agustus 2011 lan dirilis ing Amerika Serikat tanggal 10 Agustus 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2011/06/30/the-help-moves-release-date-to/|title='The Help' moves up its release date to Aug. 10|last=Breznican|first=Anthony|date=June 30, 2011|website=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|access-date=February 20, 2018|archive-date=June 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606173155/https://ew.com/article/2011/06/30/the-help-moves-release-date-to/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Film iki entuk  komentar apik saka para juru kritik.

== Juru Paraga ==

* Viola Davis minangka Aibileen Clark 
* [[Emma Stone]] minangka Eugenia &quot;Skeeter&quot; Phelan 
* [[Octavia Spencer]] minangka Minny Jackson 
* Jessica Chastain minangka Celia Rae Foote 
* Bryce Dallas Howard as Hilly Walters Holbrook 
* Allison Janney minangka Charlotte Phelan 
* Ahna O'Reilly minangka Elizabeth Leefolt 
* Chris Lowell minangka Stuart Whitworth 
* Sissy Spacek minangka Mrs. Walters 
* Cicely Tyson minangka Constantine Bates 
* Mike Vogel minangka Johnny Foote 
* Anna Camp minangka Jolene Prancis 
* Brian Kerwin minangka Robert Phelan 
* Aunjanue Ellis minangka Yule May Davis 
* Ted Welch minangka William Holbrook 
* LaChanze minangka Rachel Bates 
* Mary Steenburgen minangka Elaine Stein 
* Leslie Jordan minangka Pak. Ireng 
* Wes Chatham minangka Carlton Phelan 
* David Oyelowo minangka Preacher Green 
* Dana Ivey minangka Grace Higginbotham 
* Ashley Johnson minangka Mary Beth Caldwell 
* Nelsan Ellis minangka Henry

== Tanggepane juru kritik ==
''FilmThe Help'' ditampa kanthi komentar apik saka juru kritik. Adhedhasar ''[./https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes Rotten Tomatoes]'', film iki entuk rating 75%, miturut 214 ulasan, kanthi rating rata-rata 7/10.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_help|title=The Help (2011)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=February 20, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adhedhasar ''Metacritic'', film entuk skor 62 saka 100, adhedhasar 41 kritik, nuduhake &quot;review apik&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-help|title=The Help reviews|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=February 20, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Miturut ''CinemaScore'', film kasebut entuk nilai &quot;A +&quot; saka penonton film kanggo skala A + nganti F.&lt;ref name=&quot;CinemaScore&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cinemascore.com|title=CinemaScore|website=cinemascore.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Box Office ==
''Film The Help''  entuk $ 169,708,112 ing Amerika Utara lan $ 46,931,000 ing negara liyane. Total untunge sing ditampa dening film iki yaiku $ 216,639,112, ngluwihi anggaran nggawe film iki yaiku  $ 25 yuta.

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* {{IMDb title|1454029|The Help}}
* {{Mojo title|help2011|The Help}}
* {{Metacritic film|the-help|The Help}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|the_help|The Help}}

[[Kategori:Film Amérikah Sarékat]]
[[Kategori:Filem drama]]
[[Kategori:Filem abasa Inggris]]
[[Kategori:Kaca mawa pertalan kang durung kapriksa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>The Spectacular Now</title>
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      <text bytes="5840" sha1="pj0uwb56gh08usv9q87tx54aap4yq05" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film|name=The Spectacular Now|image=The Spectacular Now film.jpg|image_size=250px|caption=Poster film ''The Spectacular Now''|director=James Ponsoldt|producer=Tom McNulty&lt;br&gt;[[Shawn Levy]]&lt;br&gt;Michelle Krumm&lt;br&gt;Andrew Lauren|screenplay=Scott Neustadter&lt;br&gt;Michael H. Weber|based on={{based on|''The Spectacular Now''|Tim Tharp}}|starring=[[Miles Teller]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shailene Woodley]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brie Larson]]&lt;br&gt;[[Mary Elizabeth Winstead]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bob Odenkirk]]&lt;br&gt;[[Jennifer Jason Leigh]]&lt;br&gt;[[Kyle Chandler]]|music=[[Rob Simonsen]]|cinematography=Jess Hall|editing=Darrin Navarro|studio=Andrew Lauren Productions&lt;br&gt;21 Laps Entertainment&lt;br&gt;Global Produce|distributor=[[A24 (perusahaan)|A24]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.deadline.com/2013/01/sundance-a24-buys-the-spectacular-now/ |first=Mike |last=Fleming |title=Sundance: A24 Buys ‘The Spectacular Now' |publisher=[[Deadline.com]] |date=January 21, 2013 |accessdate=July 17, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;|released={{Film date|2013|1|18|[[Festival Film Sundance]]|2013|8|2|terbatas di Amerika Serikat|2013|9|13|secara luas di Amerika Serikat}}|runtime=95 menit&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.classification.gov.au/Pages/View.aspx?sid=4uDiZnGZWyc3tHYO0%252fKg0g%253d%253d&amp;ncdctx=HYxIXiO2OpOiWBigI6EOf61HGEfjNP11megvqN9w1EYW1issSuqNexOs5SljjnE8scURO7bmfpScHgp1PojiNw%253d%253d |title=The Spectacular Now (2013) |work=Australian Government Department of Communications and the Arts |accessdate=May 23, 2018 |archive-date=July 8, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708182611/http://www.classification.gov.au/Pages/View.aspx?sid=4uDiZnGZWyc3tHYO0%252fKg0g%253d%253d&amp;ncdctx=HYxIXiO2OpOiWBigI6EOf61HGEfjNP11megvqN9w1EYW1issSuqNexOs5SljjnE8scURO7bmfpScHgp1PojiNw%253d%253d |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;|country=Amerika Serikat|language=Bahasa Inggris|budget=$2.5 juta&lt;ref name=&quot;numbers&quot; /&gt;|gross=$6,916,951&lt;ref name=&quot;numbers&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Spectacular-Now-The#tab=summary |title=The Spectacular Now (2013) |work=The Numbers |accessdate=March 7, 2014 |archive-date=May 23, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230523030053/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Spectacular-Now-The#tab=summary |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=spectacularnow.htm |title=The Spectacular Now (2013) |work=[[Box Office Mojo]] |accessdate=March 7, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;|border=no}}

'''''The Spectacular Now'''''  nggih punika [[filem]] [[drama]] [[komedi]] romantis saking [[Amérikah Sarékat]] ingkang dipundamel taun 2013. Filem punika dipunarahaken déning James Ponsoldt. Skénario kaanggit déning Scott Neustadter lan Michael H Weber, dipunangkat saking novel ''The Spectacular Now'' pakaryanipun Tim Tharp. Juru damel kapasrahaken dhumateng Tom McNulty, [[Shawn Levy]], Michelle Krumm lan Andrew Lauren. Wondéné juru paraga ingkang kadhapuk maragani filem punika antawisipun [[Miles Teller]], [[Shailene Woodley]], [[Brie Larson]], [[Mary Elizabeth Winstead]], [[Bob Odenkirk]], [[Jennifer Jason Leigh]] lan [[Kyle Chandler]].

Filem ''The Spectacular Now'' kagiyaraken kaping pisanipun wonten adicara [[Festival Film Sundance]] ing surya18 Januari 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jan/29/sundance-the-spectacular-now-first-look-review|title=Sundance film festival 2013: The Spectacular Now – first look review|last=Gibbs|first=Ed|date=January 29, 2013|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=May 23, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lajeng ing Amérikah Sarékat filem punika kababar kanthi winatesan ing surya 2 Agustus 2013, lan surya 13 September 2013 kagem sagung pamirsa.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.crosswalk.com/culture/movies/the-spectacular-now-movie-review.html|title=Spectacular Now Reboots Teen Romance Genre with Strong Acting, Message|last=Hamaker|first=Christian|date=August 9, 2013|work=Crosswalk.com|accessdate=May 23, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Filem punika nampèni pangalembana saking para juru kritik.

== Pemeran ==

* [[Miles Teller]] minangka Sutter Keely
* [[Shailene Woodley]] minangka Aimee Finecky
* [[Brie Larson]] minangka Cassidy
* [[Jennifer Jason Leigh]] minangka Sara Keely
* [[Kyle Chandler]] minangka Tommy Keely
* [[Mary Elizabeth Winstead]] minangka Holly Keely
* [[Dayo Okeniyi]] minangka Marcus
* Andre Royo minangka Mr. Aster
* [[Bob Odenkirk]] minangka Dan
* [[Kaitlyn Dever]] minangka Krystal
* Masam Holden minangka Ricky
* Gary Weeks minangka Joe
* Whitney Goin minangka Mrs. Finecky
* Nicci Faires minangka Tara

== Pangalembana juru kritik ==
Filem ''The Spectacular Now'' nampi pangalembana saking para juru kritik. Miturut ''[[Rotten Tomatoes]]'', filrm punika nggadhahi pandhemen dumugi 92%, adhedhasar saking 156 pambiji, kanthi rata-rata 7.8/10.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_spectacular_now|title=The Spectacular Now (2013)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=February 13, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sawetawis miturut ''[[Metacritic]]'', filrm pikantuk biji 82 saking 100.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-spectacular-now|title=The Spectacular Now reviews|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|accessdate=February 13, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Box office ==
Filem ''The Spectacular Now'' kasil ngempalaken arta dumugi $6,852,971 saking panggiyaran ing Amerika Ler, lan $63,980 saking negari sanèsipun, kanthi gunggung $2.5 yuta.&lt;ref name=&quot;numbers&quot; /&gt;

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njawi ==

* {{IMDb title|1714206|The Spectacular Now}}
* {{Mojo title|spectacularnow|The Spectacular Now}}
* {{Metacritic film|the-spectacular-now|The Spectacular Now}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|the_spectacular_now|The Spectacular Now}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Spectacular Now, The}}
[[Kategori:Film berbahasa Inggris]]
[[Kategori:Filem drama]]
[[Kategori:Film komedi]]
[[Kategori:Film romantis]]
[[Kategori:Film Amerika Serikat tahun 2013]]
[[Kategori:Film Amerika Serikat]]</text>
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    <title>The Danish Girl (filem)</title>
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      <text bytes="6351" sha1="dg5gt8n8gsyorsgv8q5lof6xi1syzq4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox film
| name                  = The Danish Girl
| image                 = The Danish Girl (film) poster.jpg
| image_size            = 250px
| caption               = Poster film ''The Danish Girl''
| director              = [[Tom Hooper (sutradara)|Tom Hooper]]
| producers             = [[Tim Bevan]]&lt;br&gt;[[Eric Fellner]]&lt;br&gt;Anne Harrison&lt;br&gt;Tom Hooper&lt;br&gt;Gail Mutrux
| screenplay            = Lucinda Coxon
| based on              = {{based on|''The Danish Girl''|David Ebershoff}}
| starring              = [[Eddie Redmayne]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alicia Vikander]]&lt;br&gt;Matthias Schoenaerts&lt;br&gt;[[Ben Whishaw]]&lt;br&gt;Sebastian Koch&lt;br&gt;Amber Heard
| music                 = [[Alexandre Desplat]]
| cinematography        = [[Danny Cohen (sinematografer)|Danny Cohen]]
| editing               = Melanie Ann Oliver
| studio                = Working Title Films&lt;br&gt;Pretty Pictures&lt;br&gt;Revision Pictures&lt;br&gt;Senator Global Productions
| distributor           = [[Focus Features]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(Amerika Serikat)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Universal Studios|Universal Pictures]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;(internasional)&lt;/small&gt;
| released              = {{film date|2015|9|5|[[Festival Film Venesia]]|2015|11|27|terbatas di Amerika Serikat|2016|1|22|secara luas di Amerika Serikat}}
| runtime = 119 menit&lt;!--Theatrical runtime: 119:35--&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/danish-girl-film |title=''THE DANISH GIRL'' (15) |work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] |date=3 December 2015 |accessdate=3 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| country               = Britania Raya&lt;br&gt;Amerika Serikat&lt;br&gt;Bèlgi
| language              = Bahasa Inggris
| budget                = $15 juta&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/thompsononhollywood/how-the-danish-girl-made-it-to-the-screen-after-a-15-year-odyssey-20151207|title=How 'The Danish Girl' Made It to the Screen After a 15-Year Odyssey|website=[[Indiewire]]|date=December 7, 2015|accessdate=December 10, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross                 = $64,191,523&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=danishgirl.htm |title=The Danish Girl (2015) |website=Box Office Mojo |accessdate=January 17, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''''The Danish Girl''''' yaiku film drama biografi Inggris-Amerika Serikat taun 2015 sing disutradarani dening Tom Hooper lan diprodhuksi dening Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Anne Harrison, Tom Hooper lan Gail Mutrux. Manuskrip film iki ditulis dening Lucinda Coxon adhedhasar novel fiksi karya ''The Danish Girl'' dening David Ebershoff lan kisah nyata saka pasangan Dhènemarken lan pelukis, Einar Wegener (jenenge wadon jeneng Lili Elbe sawise operasi ganti seksual lan dadi transgender ) lan Gerda Wegener.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/14/books/books-of-the-times-radical-change-and-enduring-love.html|title=BOOKS OF THE TIMES; Radical Change and Enduring Love|date=February 14, 2000|publisher=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=December 11, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Juru paragane yaiku Eddie Redmayne, [[Alicia Vikander]], Matthias Schoenaerts, Ben Whishaw, Sebastian Koch lan Amber Heard.

Film ''The Danish Girl'' wiwit tayang ing Festival Film Venice tanggal 5 September 2015 lan dirilis ing Amerika Serikat tanggal 27 November 2015 kanthi winates lan wiyar 22 Januari 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;InComp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2015/07/venice-film-festival-lineup-2015-full-list-1201486791/|title=Venice Film Festival: Lido Lineup Builds Awards Season Buzz – Full List|website=Deadline|access-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Variety&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://variety.com/2015/film/news/venice-fest-reveals-robust-lineup-featuring-hollywood-stars-and-international-auteurs-1201551960/|title=Venice Fest Reveals Robust Lineup Featuring Hollywood Stars and International Auteurs|website=Variety|access-date=29 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/03/04/danish-girl-starring-eddie-redmayne-gets-nov-27-release-date|title='The Danish Girl' starring Eddie Redmayne gets awards season release date|last=Hatchett|first=Keisha|date=2015-03-04|publisher=EW.com|access-date=2015-09-06|archive-date=2021-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304071337/https://ew.com/article/2015/03/04/danish-girl-starring-eddie-redmayne-gets-nov-27-release-date/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Film kasebut ditampa kanthi ulasan beragam seka juru kritik.

== Paraga ==

* Eddie Redmayne minangka Einar Wegener / Lili Elbe 
* [[Alicia Vikander]] minangka Gerda Wegener 
* Matthias Schoenaerts minangka Hans Axgil 
* Ben Whishaw minangka Henrik Sandahl 
* Amber krungu minangka Ulla Paulson 
* Sebastian Koch minangka Dr. Kurt Warnekros 
* Pip Torrens minangka Dr. Jens Hexler 
* Nicholas Woodeson minangka Dr. Buson 
* Emerald Fennell minangka Elsa 
* Adrian Schiller minangka Rasmussen 
* Henry Pettigrew minangka Niels

== Tanggepane juru kritik ==
Film ''The Danish Girl''  nampa ulasan apik saka juru kritik Adhedhasar ''Tomat Rotten'', film iki nduweni rating 67%, miturut 227 review, kanthi rating rata-rata 6.6 / 10.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_danish_girl_2015|title=The Danish Girl (2015)|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|access-date=October 3, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adhedhasar ''Metacritic'', film pikantuk seka 66 saking 100, adhedhasar 41 kritik, nuduhake &quot;review apik&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-danish-girl|title=The Danish Girl reviews|publisher=[[Metacritic]]|access-date=October 3, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Box office ==
Film ''The Danish Girl pikantuk'' $ 11,114,018 ing Amerika Utara lan $ 53,077,505 ing negara liya. Total pendapatane sing ditampa dening film iki mencapai $ 64,191,523, ngluwihi anggaran produksi film iki yaiku $ 15 yuta.&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot; /&gt;

Ing bukaan akhir minggu sing winates, film iki entuk $ 187,318, manggoni posisi kaping 26 ing box office. Nanging, ing bukakane akhir minggu seacara luas, film iki entuk $ 526,374, ndadikake urutan 21 ing box office.&lt;ref name=&quot;BOM&quot; /&gt;

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* {{IMDb title|0810819|The Danish Girl}}
* {{Mojo title|danishgirl|The Danish Girl}}
* {{Metacritic film|the-danish-girl|The Danish Girl}}
* {{Rotten Tomatoes|the_danish_girl_2015|The Danish Girl}}

[[Kategori:Film Britania Raya]]
[[Kategori:Film Amérikah Sarékat]]
[[Kategori:Filem drama]]
[[Kategori:Filem abasa Inggris]]
[[Kategori:Kaca mawa pertalan kang durung kapriksa]]</text>
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== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 3 April 2026 17.09 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29905755 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dilengkapi dengan fitur baru untuk penetapan tujuan kelompok, yang memungkinkan para penyelenggara menetapkan dan memantau target acara, seperti jumlah artikel yang dibuat dan jumlah kontributor yang berpartisipasi, secara langsung. Di sisi lain, para peserta juga dapat bergerak menuju target bersama dan melihat dampak kolektif yang dihasilkan seiring berlangsungnya acara. Fitur ini kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Pelajari lebih lanjut dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|dokumentasinya]].
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|label daftar pantauan]] yang baru (yang diumumkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Berita Teknis 2026-07]]) kini telah tersedia melalui VisualEditor, penyunting sumber, dan &quot;''watchstar''&quot; (pranala pantau). Sebelumnya, pemberian label hanya dapat dilakukan melalui [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. Kini, di ketiga tempat tersebut, tersedia kolom baru yang terletak setelah kolom masa kedaluwarsa.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada halaman pembicaraan di perangkat seluler yang menggunakan Parsoid, yang membuat halaman menjadi tidak dapat digunakan setelah munculnya tajuk bagian yang kosong, kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Fitur subreferensi]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan keterangan pada referensi yang sudah ada tanpa perlu membuatnya dua kali, akan diluncurkan secara bertahap ke [[phab:T414094|lebih banyak wiki]] pada akhir tahun ini. Wiki yang menggunakan gawai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] dianjurkan untuk memperbarui versinya (umumnya berada di [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] seperti ditunjukkan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 di sini]) guna menjaga kompatibilitas. Gawai lain yang berkaitan dengan referensi juga berpotensi terdampak. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304]
* Seluruh edisi Wikinews dijadwalkan untuk ditutup dan dialihkan ke mode hanya-baca pada 4 Mei 2026. Meskipun seluruh konten tetap dapat diakses, tidak akan ada lagi penyuntingan atau penambahan artikel baru. Keputusan penutupan ini telah disetujui oleh Dewan Pengawas Wikimedia Foundation setelah melalui rangkaian diskusi yang panjang. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Baca selengkapnya]].
* [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|API tindakan]] (''action API'') selama ini menyediakan berbagai format keluaran sesuai permintaan. Salah satunya, yaitu &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;format=php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, akan segera dihentikan. Oleh karena itu, pastikan skrip atau bot yang Anda gunakan telah beralih ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|format JSON]]. Perubahan ini diperkirakan hanya akan berdampak pada sebagian kecil skrip dan bot. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538]
* Halaman [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] kini juga memuat nama lain (alias) ruang nama. Sebagai contoh, &quot;WP&quot; digunakan sebagai alias untuk ruang nama &quot;Project&quot; (&quot;Wikipedia&quot;) di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 6 April 2026 16.18 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30362761 --&gt;

== ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2026 ==

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&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue III, March 2026&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
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| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
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* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in Equinox
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2026 in Tirana, Albania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Celebrating 20 Years of Papiamentu/o Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Bolivia report|Bolivia report]]: The Family Treasures Project Returns, with New GLAM Partners
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil defines six categories to represent Brazilian culture on Commons 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Architecture in the public domain in libraries in Nariño/Arquitectura en dominio público en bibliotecas nariñenses
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Main Wikimedian in Residence report for 2025 is here
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Art History Loves Wiki 2026 – digital/local. collection loves wiki
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration resumes with the British Library for Bangla Wikisource
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 2026 winners projects
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence update, a letter published in Nature &amp; Architecture + Women NZ
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's GLAM Highlights: Botany and Beyond 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: March in Portugal
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March in Wikimedia Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Looking for similar images
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM Wiki Group, Donna, CoCreation PTT-Archive
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: CILIP MDG 2026 Conference, Library meetups and the World's Enamels
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring 2026 news from Ukraine – Wiki Loves Folklore &amp; more #1Lib1Ref
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: MoMA's International Traveling Exhibitions and Wikidata on the LD4 Arts Affinity Group April Community Call 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Oulu Löyly
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Indigenous languages on the Main Page
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events

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| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Single|Single-page]]
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To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
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&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 9 April 2026 18.19 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=30344683 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* Para penyunting berpengalaman diundang untuk [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page menguji] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]], yang dirancang untuk membantu penyunting dengan pengalaman lebih terbatas dalam membuat artikel Wikipedia yang terstruktur dengan baik dan sesuai dengan kebijakan yang berlaku. Petunjuk pengujian telah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|tersedia]] dan dapat diikuti sebagai panduan. Setelah meninjau [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance kerangka artikel] yang disediakan, mohon memberikan umpan balik melalui [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. Masukan tersebut akan digunakan untuk menyempurnakan fitur ini sebelum kemudian diterapkan pada Wikipedia percontohan untuk diterjemahkan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan setiap komunitas. Sebuah [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|video]] penjelasan mengenai fitur ini juga tersedia untuk disimak.
'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Di sejumlah besar wiki, kini semua pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed users'') dapat menggunakan halaman [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|membuat halaman baru dengan model konten khusus]], seperti daftar pesan massal, sehingga format halaman tersuai menjadi lebih mudah diakses. Untuk mengetahui statusnya di wiki masing-masing, silakan periksa halaman [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294]
* Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') telah meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|eksperimen pembuatan akun]] untuk mengevaluasi apakah penambahan tombol pembuatan akun pada bagian kepala halaman versi web seluler dapat meningkatkan jumlah pendaftaran akun baru sekaligus mendorong lebih banyak pengguna seluler untuk berkontribusi di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, eksperimen tersebut sedang berlangsung di Wikipedia bahasa Hindi, Indonesia, Bengali, Thai, dan Ibrani, serta menyasar 10% pengguna web seluler yang belum masuk log.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kendala yang menyebabkan VisualEditor berhenti pada proses pemuatan di perangkat Windows ketika animasi dinonaktifkan, kini telah berhasil diatasi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Mulai akhir pekan ini, {{int:group-abusefilter}} yang telah mengaktifkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting di halaman [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]], menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk menciptakan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih konsisten di berbagai jenis penyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* Perkakas dan bot yang mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|API Notifications]]  melalui &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=query&amp;meta=notifications&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; perlu memperbarui izin OAuth atau BotPassword mereka agar juga mencakup akses ke notifikasi privat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991]
* Karena adanya pembaruan pustaka, urutan daftar pada halaman kategori mungkin akan menjadi tidak berurutan mulai Senin, 20 April. Sebuah skrip migrasi akan dijalankan untuk memperbaikinya, dan proses ini dapat berlangsung dari beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari, tergantung pada ukuran wiki (bahkan hingga sekitar satu minggu untuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 13 April 2026 15.18 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30380527 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* Setelah dua tahun pengembangan, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], akan diluncurkan dari tahap beta pada Selasa, 21 April. Fitur ini membawa peningkatan keterbacaan kode dan teks wiki, pengurangan kesalahan pengetikan, beserta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|manfaat]] lainnya bagi semua pengguna penyorot sintaks standar. Ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada sukarelawan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] yang telah mengembangkan banyak fitur baru, termasuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|pelipatan kode]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|pemeriksaan sintaks]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Sebuah pembaruan besar untuk aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS kini sedang diluncurkan, dengan antarmuka yang didesain ulang agar selaras dengan desain visual terbaru Apple, &quot;Liquid Glass&quot;. Silakan [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 unduh versi terbaru] dan telusuri pembaruannya.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Daftar bacaan]] merupakan fitur yang memungkinkan para pembaca menyimpan artikel ke dalam daftar untuk dibaca nanti. Fitur ini sedang dalam tahap beta di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Mandarin, serta secara bawaan untuk semua akun baru di semua Wikipedia.
* Percobaan yang mengeksplorasi perluasan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Pratinjau Halaman ke versi seluler]] akan diluncurkan pada pekan tanggal 20 April di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, Italia, Polandia, dan Vietnam. Pratinjau Halaman merupakan jendela sembulan yang menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala untuk membuka artikel lengkap dari pranala berwarna biru, sehingga memudahkan pengguna dalam menemukan konten. Fitur ini sudah tersedia di versi desktop dan aplikasi. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Lihat selengkapnya mengenai uji coba ini dan uji coba lainnya]].
* Di beberapa wiki, para penyunting yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surel mereka]] sekarang dapat melihat spanduk yang meminta mereka untuk lakukan hal tersebut. Dengan memiliki alamat surel yang terkonfirmasi, pengguna dapat memulihkan akses ke akunnya jika akun tersebut tidak dapat diakses. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:15}} {{PLURAL:15|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pemuatan lambat, tampilan pratinjau yang lambat, dan guliran yang lambat saat menyunting halaman wiki berukuran sangat besar di editor teks wiki 2017, serta masalah kinerja saat memilih, memotong, atau menempelkan konten, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Sebagai bagian dari upaya mempromosikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] dari status fitur beta, seluruh pengguna kini akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] alih-alih [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman konten berformat JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* Layanan &lt;code&gt;mirrors.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt; yang selama ini digunakan oleh pengguna Debian dan Ubuntu akan dihentikan dan tidak lagi berfungsi mulai 15 Mei. Sumber daya yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk layanan ini akan dialihkan ke opsi baru yang dinilai lebih baik. Sejumlah pengguna mungkin perlu beralih ke peladen lain yang diperkirakan hanya memerlukan waktu sekitar satu menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia untuk dibaca]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707]
* Tabel &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; dan &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; akan dihapus dari [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. Jika perkakas atau kueri yang digunakan masih mengakses tabel &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; atau &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; secara langsung, disarankan untuk segera memperbaruinya agar menggunakan tabel &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;file&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; dan &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;filerevision&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; sebelum 28 Mei. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741]
* Setelah penerapan terbaru mengenai pembatasan laju global API (''global API rate limits'') pada lalu lintas yang tidak teridentifikasi, Wikimedia Foundation akan melanjutkan upaya untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]] dengan mulai menerapkan pembatasan global juga pada lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi, dimulai pada pekan terakhir April. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin guna meminimalkan dampak terhadap komunitas. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan pada dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] serta bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] kini telah tersedia dalam versi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. API ini berfungsi untuk mengambil informasi yang diperlukan dalam memberikan atribusi (kredit) terhadap artikel dan berkas media Wikimedia di mana pun konten tersebut digunakan. Dokumentasi referensi tersedia melalui halaman spesial REST Sandbox yang dapat diakses di seluruh wiki Wikimedia (misalnya [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]). Umpan balik dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|halaman pembicaraan proyek]].
* Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 20 April 2026 14.59 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30432763 --&gt;

== ''The Signpost'': 21 April 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/News and notes|Six Serbian Wikipedia editors banned following controversy about political bias]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/In the media|Could Wikipedia be involved in Massachusetts' proposed social media ban for minors?]]

* Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Gallery|March equinox]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Traffic report|Time to change my galaxy in case, we outta space!]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Comix|Of skirts and articles]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 21 April 2026 06.50 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&amp;oldid=30434643 --&gt;

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 26 April 2026 00.57 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;

== This Month in Education: April 2026 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 27 April 2026 16.01 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&amp;oldid=30406002 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Terdapat perubahan dalam cara pengguna baru memperoleh status terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') yang bertujuan meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap vandalisme. Selama ini, pengguna yang telah memiliki akun selama beberapa hari dan melakukan sejumlah suntingan akan otomatis masuk ke dalam kelompok [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]]. Namun, pengaturan ini kerap dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian pelaku vandalisme yang membuat akun lalu baru menggunakannya setelah beberapa waktu. Untuk mengatasinya, aturan tersebut akan diperbarui mulai pekan depan. Dalam penentuan status terkonfirmasi otomatis, usia akun akan dihitung sejak suntingan pertama, bukan sejak tanggal pendaftaran. Nilai ambang usia tetap tidak berubah. Perubahan ini hanya akan diterapkan pada wiki yang menuntut sekurang-kurangnya satu suntingan sebagai bagian dari kriteria terkonfirmasi otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484]
* Kini, seluruh pengguna Wikipedia dengan akun baru, serta mereka yang mengaktifkan opsi &quot;Secara otomatis mengaktifkan sebagian besar fitur beta&quot; dalam preferensi, dapat menggunakan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|daftar bacaan]] (''reading lists''). Fitur ini membantu mengelola minat membaca dalam satu tempat agar mudah diakses. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar pada kotak info (''infobox'') memiliki jarak kosong yang sangat besar di Firefox kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Sebagai pengingat, pembatasan laju global pada API (''rate limits'') akan mulai diterapkan pekan ini terhadap lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi. Langkah ini bertujuan menjaga [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|penggunaan infrastruktur tetap adil]]. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang disarankan mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk batasan yang berlaku, dapat dilihat pada dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] dan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 27 April 2026 18.05 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30458046 --&gt;</text>
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    <title>Tilik (filem)</title>
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{{Infobox film
| name           = Tilik
| image          = Poster Tilik.png
| caption        = Poster filem
| director       = Wahyu Agung Prasetyo
| producer       = Elena Rosmeisara
| writer         = Bagus Sumartono
| screenplay     = 
| story          = 
| starring       = {{plainlist|
* Siti Fauziah
* Brilliana Desy
* Angeline Rizky
* Dyah Mulani
* Lully Syahkisrani
* Hardiansyah Yoga Pramata
* Tri Sudarsono
* Tri Widodo &quot;Gotrek&quot;
* Ratna Indriastuti
* Stephanus Wahyu Gumilar}}
| narrator       = 
| music          = Redy Afrians
| cinematography = Satria Kurnianto
| editing        = {{plainlist|
* Indra Sukmana
* Helmi Nur Rasyid
* Egha Harismina}}
| studio         = Ravacana Films
| distributor    = 
| released       = {{Film date|2018|9|||2020|8|17|YouTube}}
| runtime        = 32 menit
| country        = [[Indonésia]]
| language       = [[Basa Jawa|Jawa]]
}}
'''''Tilik''''' iku [[filem]] cekak basa Jawa sing diprodhuksi déning Ravacana Films. ''Tilik'' iku salah siji filem cekak sing lolos kurasi dana mirunggan [[Kundha Kabudayan (Ngayogyakarta)|Kundha Kabudayan]] Provinsi [[Ngayogyakarta]] ing taun [[2018]]. Filem kang disutradarani déning Wahyu Agung Prasetyo lan adhedhasar skénario anggitané Bagus Sumartono iku dibabar ing sasi Sèptèmber 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=22 August 2020|title=Kisah di Balik Viralnya Film Tilik, Buah Penantian 2 Tahun|url=https://radarjogja.jawapos.com/2020/08/22/kisah-di-balik-viralnya-film-tilik-buah-penantian-2-tahun/|website=Radar Jogja|access-date=1 September 2020}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ing surya 17 Agustus [[2020]], Ravacana Films mbabar ''Tilik'' ing kanal ngedum vidéo [[YouTube]] kanthi gratis kanggo para kawula umum. ''Tilik'' nyritakaké mbok-mbok sarombongan sing lelungan nganggo truk saperlu tilik Bu Lurah sing lagi lara lan diopname sajeroning griya sakit.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Santoso|first=Beryl|date=19 Agustus 2020|title=Sinopsis Film Tilik, Bu Tejo Penuh Adegan Julid dan Pergosipan Ibu-ibu Masa Kini|url=https://zonajakarta.pikiran-rakyat.com/infotainment/pr-18677422/sinopsis-film-tilik-bu-tejo-penuh-adegan-julid-dan-pergosipan-ibu-ibu-masa-kini?page=all|website=Pikiran Rakyat|access-date=1 September 2020|archive-date=27 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027123247/https://zonajakarta.pikiran-rakyat.com/infotainment/pr-18677422/sinopsis-film-tilik-bu-tejo-penuh-adegan-julid-dan-pergosipan-ibu-ibu-masa-kini?page=all|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|editor=Istiqomatul Hayati|date=19 Agustus 2020|title=Tilik Tayang di Youtube, Nama Bu Tejo Jadi Trending Topic|url=https://seleb.tempo.co/read/1377217/tilik-tayang-di-youtube-nama-bu-tejo-jadi-trending-topic/full&amp;view=ok|website=Tempo.co|access-date=1 September 2020}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Alur crita ==
Film cekak iki nyritakaké babagan mbok-mbok sarombongan sing numpak truk kanggo tilik Bu Lurah, sing lagi diopname ing griya sakit. Salawasé dalan mbok-mbok iku padha ngethuprus. Bu Téja sing tansah ngumbar gosip babagan Mbak Dian, kembang désa sing ayu lan mandhiri. Kanthi luwes, Bu Téja njlèntrèhaké macem-macem perkara sing kayane dianggep kanyatan manawa Mbak Dian, calon mantuné Bu Lurah, minangka wong wadon nakal, lan bisa ngrusuhi para warga, bakuné kawutuhané balé somah, amarga dhèwèké dikira kerep nggodha para priya sing wis bebrayan. Dhasar sing dikandhakaké déning Bu Téja yaiku warta ing [[médhia sosial]] sing ngemot babagan Mbak Dian. Nanging, ora kabèh sing diandharaké déning Bu Téja dipracayani, amarga ana sing ngelingaké yaiku Yu Ning, manawa ora becik nguntal informasi tanpa ngerti kabenerané sumberé. Bu Téja ya ora preduli, dhèwèké ora pedhot olèhé ngrasani alané Mbak Dian, apa manèh ana sing mbélani. Klimaksé, ana pasulayan antara Bu Téja karo Yu Ning, sing tibakné isih kulawargané Mbak Dian.

Sawisé rombongan tekan griya sakit, Mbak Dian lan Mas Fikri padha nyembramani. Nanging, Mbak Dian getun karo tekané para tangga teparo, déné Bu Lurah isih ana ing kamar ICU, ora ana sing bisa niliki awaké. Krungu informasi iku, Bu Téja banjur mangsuli karo ngrèmèhaké Yu Ning, sing dadi inisiator &quot;tilik&quot;, nanging durung mènèhi informasi sing akurat babagan kondhisiné Bu Lurah iku.

Ing pungkasané crita, sawisé rombongan mbok-mbok iku padha mulih saka griya sakit amarga ora bisa niliki Bu Lurah, Mbak Dian dituduhaké lumebu sawijining montor sédan, sing ing jeroné ana wong lanang tengah yuswa sing diarani mawa sebutan &quot;Mas&quot; &quot;. Marang wong lanang iku, Dian ngungkapaké rasa samar lan nyritakaké manawa, kanyatané, dhèwèké ora bisa nduwé hubungan rahasia maneh lan péngin rabi, lan uga nduwé rasa samar, apa Fikri bisaa nampa kanyatan iki yèn ngerti menawa bapakné bakal omah-omah karo dhèwèké.

== Para paraga ==
* Siti Fauziah minangka Bu Téja
* Brilliana Desy minangka Yu Ning
* Angeline Rizky minangka Bu Tri
* Dyah Mulani minangka Yu Sam
* Lully Syahkisrani minangka Mbak Dian
* Hardiansyah Yoga Pramata minangka Mas Fikri
* Tri Sudarsono minangka Minta (bapakné Fikri)
* Gotrek minangka Gotrèk
* Ratna Indriastuti minangka Yati
* Stephanus Wahyu Gumilar minangka Pak Pulisi

== Pamulèn ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width: 98%;&quot;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3%;&quot;| Taun
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:22%;&quot;| Pamulèn 
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:33%;&quot;| Kategori
! Nominasi
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:6%;&quot;| Kasil
! scope=&quot;col&quot; class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:1%;&quot;| {{Abbr|Ref.|Réferènsi}}
|-
| 2019
| [[Piala Maya 2018]]
| Filem Crita Cekak Kapilih
| ''Tilik''
| {{won}}
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Aldida|first=Vania|date=19 Januari 2019|title=Daftar Lengkap Pemenang Piala Maya 2018, dari Gading Marten hingga Vanessa Prescilla|url=https://celebrity.okezone.com/read/2019/01/19/206/2006795/daftar-lengkap-pemenang-piala-maya-2018-dari-gading-marten-hingga-vanessa-prescilla|website=Okezone|access-date=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hastanto|first=Ikhwan|date=19 August 2020|title=Ngobrol Bareng Sutradara Film 'Tilik' yang Membuat Netizen Murka Pada Sosok Bu Tejo|url=https://www.vice.com/id_id/article/m7j4gv/film-pendek-tilik-peraih-piala-maya-2018-dan-karakter-bu-tejo-viral-karena-tayang-gratis-di-youtube|website=Vice Indonesia|access-date=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

''Tilik'' uga dadi wakil resmi sajeroné  [[Jogja-NETPAC Asian Film Festival]] 2018 lan World Cinema Amsterdam 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Tilik (The Visit)|url=https://jaff-filmfest.org/open-air-cinema/tilik-the-visit/|website=Jogja-NETPAC Asian Film Festival|access-date=1 September 2020|archive-date=29 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200829001657/https://jaff-filmfest.org/open-air-cinema/tilik-the-visit/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Al Farisi|first=Baharudin|editor=Dian Maharani|date=20 August 2020|title=Sinopsis Tilik, Bu Tejo yang Selalu Nyinyir soal Dian|url=https://www.kompas.com/hype/read/2020/08/20/154308866/sinopsis-tilik-bu-tejo-yang-selalu-nyinyir-soal-dian|website=Kompas.com|access-date=1 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* {{YouTube|id=GAyvgz8_zV8|''Tilik''}}

[[Kategori:Filem 2018]]
[[Kategori:Filem abasa Jawa]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Tèh legi</title>
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[[Barkas:Iced_Tea_from_flickr.jpg|jmpl|270x270px| Segelas teh legi es kanthi jeruk nipis.]]
'''Teh manis'''  yaiku salah sawijining jinis [[Ès tèh|es tèh]]

[[Ès tèh|sing]] umum dikonsumsi ing negara-negara kayata [[Amérika Sarékat|Amerika Serikat]] &lt;ref name=&quot;AG&quot;&gt;{{Citation|last=Glock|first=Allison|title=Sweet Tea:A Love Story|date=2008-07-01|url=http://gardenandgun.com/article/sweet-tea|publisher=Garden &amp; Gun|access-date=2020-11-15|archive-date=2015-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607215925/http://gardenandgun.com/article/sweet-tea|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;TT&quot;&gt;{{Citation|last=Tomlinson|first=Tommy|title=Sweet Tea|url=http://www.ourstate.com/southern-roots-sweet-tea|periodical=Our State North Carolina}}&lt;/ref&gt; (utamane umume ing [[Amérika Sarékat|Amerika Serikat]] Kidul ), lan [[Indonésia|Indonesia]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-trends/Indonesians-grow-sweet-on-sugarless-tea|title=Indonesians grow sweet on sugarless tea|website=Nikkei Asian Review|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-08-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/05/26/enjoy-these-cheap-eats-on-your-mudik-through-java.html|title=Enjoy these cheap eats on your 'mudik' through Java|last=Post|first=The Jakarta|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en|access-date=2019-08-31}}&lt;/ref&gt; Teh manis umume digawe karo nambah [[gula]] utawa [[Sirup|sirup sederhana]] menyang [[Tèh ireng|teh ireng,]] sajrone teh diseduh utawa isih panas, sanajan pemanis buatan uga asring digunakake. Teh manis meh mesthi disajekake adhem es. Kadang bisa roso, umume nganggo [[Lémon|jeruk nipis]]  nanging uga bisa nganggo [[Persik|peach]], [[Raspbéri|raspberry]], utawa [[Godhong Mint|mint]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;KK&quot;&gt;{{Citation|last=Kinsman|first=Kat|title=Southern Sweet Tea|date=2007-06-28|url=http://www.slashfood.com/2007/06/28/southern-sweet-tea/|periodical=SlashFood|publisher=AOL}}&lt;/ref&gt; Omben-omben iki kadang diolah nganggo soda roti kanggo nyuda asem. 

Teh manis dianggep minangka barang pokok regional ing masakan Amerika Serikat Kidul lan [[Masakan Indonésia|Indonesia]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://gpbnews.org/post/sweet-tea-history-nectar-south|title=Sweet Tea: A History Of The 'Nectar Of The South'|last=Powers|first=Sean|access-date=2018-07-07|language=en|archive-date=2018-11-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129132033/http://www.gpbnews.org/post/sweet-tea-history-nectar-south|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kasedhiyan teh legi ing restoran lan perusahaan liyane digunakake minangka salah sawijining bentuk indikator kanggo ngukur manawa wilayah kasebut bisa dianggep minangka bagean saka Kidul. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/317-tea-as-a-northsouth-litmus-test|title=The Sweet Tea Line - the Real Border Between North and South|last=Jacobs|first=Frank|work=Big Think|access-date=2018-07-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.scienceofthesouth.com/the-science-of-sweet-tea/|title=The Science of Sweet Tea – The Science of the South|website=www.scienceofthesouth.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-07-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/the-daily-post/sweet-tea-line/|title=The Sweet Tea Line|date=2016-04-01|work=Texas Monthly|access-date=2018-07-07|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sanajan teh legi bisa diseduh kanthi isi gula lan kalori sing luwih murah tinimbang [[Jus (ombénan)|jus]] lan soda, nanging ora umum yen nemokake teh legi kanthi tingkat gula nganti 22 brix ( [[sukrosa]] bobot persen ing banyu) - kaping pindho saka [[Coca-Cola|Coca -Cola]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;AG&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;JK&quot;&gt;{{Citation|last=Klineman|first=Jeffrey|title=I Wish I Lived in a Land of Lipton … What makes Southern sweet tea so special?|date=2007-08-08|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2171917|periodical=Slate|publisher=The Slate Group}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.livestrong.com/thedailyplate/nutrition-calories/food/mcdonalds/sweet-tea-large/|title=Large Sweet Tea(32oz), McDonald's|website=Large Sweet Tea(32oz), McDonald's|publisher=Live Strong|access-date=6 October 2011|archive-date=11 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211123611/http://www.livestrong.com/thedailyplate/nutrition-calories/food/mcdonalds/sweet-tea-large/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.livestrong.com/thedailyplate/nutrition-calories/food/mcdonalds/coke-large-32-ounce/|title=Large Coke(32oz), McDonald's|website=Large Coke(32oz), McDonald's|publisher=Live Strong|access-date=6 October 2011|archive-date=7 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110507090754/http://www.livestrong.com/thedailyplate/nutrition-calories/food/mcdonalds/coke-large-32-ounce/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.livestrong.com/thedailyplate/nutrition-calories/food/mcdonalds/large-orange-juice/|title=Large Orange Juice(21oz), McDonald's|website=Large Orange Juice(21oz), McDonald's|access-date=6 October 2011|archive-date=26 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126024500/http://www.livestrong.com/thedailyplate/nutrition-calories/food/mcdonalds/large-orange-juice/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referensi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Toko Aneka Jaya</title>
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      <text bytes="7140" sha1="0k3c3q963xpum8ewjutrgdy345fe4jg" xml:space="preserve">[[Gambar:Toko Aneka Jaya.jpg|jmpl|260x260px|Toko Aneka Jaya.]]
'''Toko Aneka Jaya''' ya iku wewangunan kang terinventarisasi kanggo didadèkake salah siji cagar budaya, kang ana ing Dalan Semeru No. 20, [[Kalicacing, Sidamukti, Salatiga|Kalurahan Kalicacing, Kacamatan Sidamukti, Kutha Salatiga]], [[Jawa Tengah|Propinsi Jawa Tengah]].''{{sfnp|Hatmadji, dkk|2009|p=184|ps=: &quot;Kejamakan : Mewakili bangunan rumah tinggal masyarakat Tionghoa (...)&quot;}}{{sfnp|Supangkat|2012|p=21|ps=: &quot;Beberapa nama jalan lain yang &quot;berbau&quot; Belanda misalnya: ''Koffiestraat'' yang kemudian diganti ''Prins Hendriklaan'' (sekarang Jalan Yos Soedarso), ''Emmalaan'' (sekarang Jalan Adisutjipto), ''Prinsenlaan'' (sekarang Jalan Tentara Pelajar), ''Julianalaan'' (sekarang Jalan Moh. Yamin) (...)&quot;}}{{sfnp|Anwar|2019|p=147|ps=: &quot;Untuk wilayah yang saat ini bernama Jalan Diponegoro, Jalan Yos Sudarso, Jalan Patimura, Jalan Moh. Yamin, pada masa kolonial adalah zona ''Europeesche Wijk'' dihuni oleh orang Eropa yang kaya-raya (...)&quot;}}{{sfnp|Rohman|2020|p=124|ps=: &quot;Di sisi lain, orang-orang
Tionghoa yang dianggap setara dengan warga
Eropa mendapatkan kawasan permukiman di
sekitar ruas ''Soloscheweg'', yang dikenal dengan
nama ''Chinese Wijk'' (...)&quot;}}{{sfnp|Anwar|2019|p=147|ps=: &quot;Untuk wilayah yang saat ini bernama Jalan Diponegoro, Jalan Yos Sudarso, Jalan Patimura, Jalan Moh. Yamin, pada masa kolonial adalah zona ''Europeesche Wijk'' dihuni oleh orang Eropa yang kaya-raya (...)&quot;}}{{sfnp|Prakosa|2017|p=27|ps=: &quot;Selain diskriminasi dalam lapangan politik, ekonomi, sosial, dan hukum, pemerintah kolonial juga membedakan penduduk dalam pola permukiman. Mereka dikelompokkan dalam lokasi tertentu berdasarkan golongan etnis. Golongan Eropa, misalnya, bermukim di sekitar ''Toentangscheweg'' (...)&quot;}}{{sfnp|Supangkat|2012|p=36|ps=: &quot;(...) Bila di sekitar ruas jalan ''Toentangscheweg'' dijadikan kawasan permukiman orang-orang Eropa, orang-orang Tionghoa yang dianggap setara dengan warga Eropa mendapat kawasan permukiman di ruas ''Soloscheweg'' (...)&quot;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbjateng/bangunan-rumah-tinggal-jl-semeru-20-toko-aneka-jaya/|title=Bangunan Rumah Tinggal Jl. Semeru 20 Salatiga (Toko Aneka Jaya)|last=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Jawa Tengah|first=|date=17 Mèi 2018|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Jawa Tengah, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia|access-date=16 Mèi 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfnp|Hatmadji, dkk|2009|p=278|ps=: &quot;Kelangkaan : Salah satu dari dua bangunan yang memiliki elemen ''entablature'' (...)&quot;}}{{sfnp|Hatmadji, dkk|2009|p=183–184|ps=: &quot;Nama BCB/Situs : Rumah Tinggal (Toko Aneka Jaya); No. Inventaris : 11-73/Sla/109; Lokasi : Jl. Semeru 20 Salatiga (...)&quot;}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbjateng/pemberian-kompensasi-pelestari-cagar-budaya-kota-salatiga/|title=Pemberian Kompensasi Pelestari Cagar Budaya Kota Salatiga|last=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Jawa Tengah|first=|date=19 Juni 2015|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Jawa Tengah, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia|access-date=11 Maret 2020|archive-date=2022-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027121647/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbjateng/pemberian-kompensasi-pelestari-cagar-budaya-kota-salatiga/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbjateng/bangunan-bangunan-di-kota-salatiga-penerima-kompensasi-pelestarian/|title=Bangunan-Bangunan di Kota Salatiga Penerima Kompensasi Pelestarian|last=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Jawa Tengah|first=|date=19 Juni 2015|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Jawa Tengah, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia|access-date=11 Maret 2020|archive-date=2020-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727060618/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbjateng/bangunan-bangunan-di-kota-salatiga-penerima-kompensasi-pelestarian/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;''

== Uga delengen ==
* [[Gedung Dekranasda Salatiga]]
* [[Gedung Pakuwon]]
* [[Istana Djoen Eng]]
* [[Omah Notosoegondo]]
* [[Rumah Dinas Wali Kota Salatiga]]
* [[Tugu Jam Tamansari]]
* [[Wisma BCA Salatiga]]

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Kapustakan ==
{{refbegin|1}}
'''Buku'''

* {{Cite book|title=Diskriminasi Rasial di Kota Kolonial: Salatiga 1917–1942|last=Prakosa|first=Abel Jatayu|date=|publisher=Sinar Hidoep|year=2017|isbn=978-602-6196-60-6|location=Semarang|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Prakosa|2017}}|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|title=Salatiga: Sketsa Kota Lama|last=Supangkat|first=Eddy|date=|publisher=Griya Media|year=2012|isbn=978-979-7290-68-9|location=Salatiga|page=|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Supangkat|2012}}|url-status=live}}

'''Jurnal'''

* {{Cite journal|last=Anwar|first=Muhammad Khoirul|year=Agustus 2019|title=Rekonstrusi Kota Kolonial Salatiga dan Kontribusi Teknologi ''Geographical Information System''|url=https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/sasdayajournal/article/view/50349/25831|journal=Sasdaya (Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities)|volume=3|issue=2|pages=|doi=|issn=2549-3884|ref={{sfnref|Anwar|2019}}}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Rohman|first=Fandy Aprianto|year=Juni 2020|title=Administrasi Pemerintahan ''Gemeente'' di Salatiga 1917–1942|url=https://jurnalwalasuji.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/walasuji/article/view/64|journal=Walasuji|volume=11|issue=1|pages=|doi=|issn=2502-2229|ref={{sfnref|Rohman|2020}}|access-date=2021-05-15|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618142759/https://jurnalwalasuji.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/walasuji/article/view/64|url-status=dead}}

'''Liyané'''

* {{Cite journal|last=Hatmadji, Tri, dkk|publisher=Balai Pelestarian Peninggalan Purbakala Jawa Tengah|location=Klaten|first=|date=|year=2009|orig-year=|title=Kajian dan Hasil Identifikasi Bangunan Bersejarah di Kota Salatiga|url=https://www.academia.edu/31840491/Cagar_budaya_salatiga|ref={{sfnref|Hatmadji, dkk|2009}}}}
{{refend}}

== Pranala jaba ==
{{commons category|Toko Aneka Jaya}}
* [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2009/12/31/04002997/bangunan.cagar.budaya.akan.dijadikan.mal Bangunan Cagar Budaya Akan Dijadikan Mal]
* [https://www.academia.edu/31639133/CAGAR_BUDAYA_FIX_V-VI Bangunan Cagar Budaya Salatiga]
* [http://scientiarum.com/2014/09/19/selain-hancur-dan-diinjak-orang/ Bangunan Cagar Budaya Salatiga: Selain Hancur dan Diinjak Orang]
* [https://radarsemarang.jawapos.com/berita/jateng/salatiga/2019/08/15/bangunan-cagar-budaya-terancam-musnah/ Bangunan Cagar Budaya Terancam Musnah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509163246/https://radarsemarang.jawapos.com/berita/jateng/salatiga/2019/08/15/bangunan-cagar-budaya-terancam-musnah/ |date=2023-05-09 }}
* [https://regional.kompas.com/read/2014/10/05/07334171/Dilema.Pelestarian.Benda.Cagar.Budaya.di.Salatiga.1.?page=all Dilema Pelestarian Benda Cagar Budaya di Salatiga]
* [https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/13300042/salatiga-lelakon-tinggalan-kota-garnisun-di-pinggang-merbabu?page=all Salatiga, Lelakon Tinggalan Kota Garnisun di Pinggang Merbabu]

[[Kategori:Kutha Salatiga]]
[[Kategori:Cagar budaya ing Indhonésia]]
[[Kategori:Wewangunan ing Kutha Salatiga]]</text>
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    <title>Taman Sea Life Tokyo</title>
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      <text bytes="5367" sha1="h9wdwu1fqefq19eckav3b94tnfyu0ts" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox zoo
| name             = Taman Sea Life Tokyo
| logo             =
| logo_width       =
| logo_caption     =
| image            = [[File:Tokyo Sea Life Park 2.jpg|300px]]
| image_width      =
| image_caption    =
{{Infobox mapframe|tyep=shape|zoom=14|frame-width=220}}
| slogan           =
| date_opened      = 10-10-1989
| date_opening     =
| date_closed      =
| location         = [[Taman Kasai Rinkai]], [[Tokyo]]
| coordinates      =
| area             = 15,799m²&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
| floorspace       =
| num_animals      = 85,000&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
| num_species      = 940&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
| largest_tank_vol = {{Convert|2200000 |l|gal|-3}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
| total_tank_vol   = {{Convert|4600000 |l|gal|-3}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
| annual_visitors  = 2 yuta
| members          = JAZA
| exhibits         = [[Pacific bluefin tuna]] , [[Giant kelp]] lsp
| owner            =
| director         =
| management       = TOKYO ZOOLOGICAL PARK SOCIETY&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
| publictransit    =
| website          =
}}
{{nihongo|'''Taman Sea Life Tokyo'''|葛西臨海水族園|kasai-rinkai-suizoku-en}} yaiku [[akuarium umum]] sing dununge ing [[Edogawa, Tokyo|Edogawa]], [[Tokyo]]. Dununge ana ing [[Taman Kasai Rinkai]] ing Edogawa, Tokyo, lan Taman Manuk Kasai Rinkai uga ana ing taman kasebut. Bisa diakses saka [[Stasiun Taman Kasai-Rinkai]]. Pambajeng yaiku '''Akuarium Ueno''', sing digawe ing [[Kebon Kewan Ueno]]. [[Wewangunan]] dirancang dening [[Yoshio Taniguchi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Sejarah ==
Taman Sea Life Tokyo asale saka '''Uonozoki''', akuarium umum Jepang kaping kapisan sing dibukak ing taun 1882.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Iki minangka akuarium umum sing mung ana sajrone eksposisi lan ditutup nalika pungkasan eksposisi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Sawise iku, uonozoki dibongkar, nanging ing taun 1929, Akuarium Ueno dibukak ing papan sing padha ing Kebon Kewan Ueno. Ing taun 1952, akuarium wiwit ngembangake iwak banyu asin adhedhasar asil eksperimen peralatan filtrasi, lan liya-liyane, lan mbukak New '''Akuarium Ueno''' ing taun 1964. New Akuarium Ueno minangka salah sawijining akuarium sing wiwit nggunakake [[kaca akrilik]] kanggo tangki gedhe kanthi tenanan. Ing taun 1964, panel akrilik wis dipasang kanthi dhuwur {{Convert|2|m|ft}}, jembaré {{Convert|18|m|ft}}, lan kekandelan {{Convert|7|cm|ft}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; &gt;{{cite web |url= https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/tosei/hodohappyo/press/2018/10/10/documents/12_02.pdf |title= 葛西臨海水族園のあり方検討会 |access-date= 2021-08-29 |archive-date= 2021-05-10 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210510060403/https://www.metro.tokyo.lg.jp/tosei/hodohappyo/press/2018/10/10/documents/12_02.pdf |url-status= dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sawise iku, kanggo mengeti 100 taun Kebon Kewan Ueno, nyusun rencana kanggo nggawe akuarium paling gedhe ing Jepang. Iki resmi dibuka ing taun 1989 dadi Taman Sea Life Tokyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Kabeh makhluk sing disimpen ing Akuarium Ueno diwarisake dening Taman Sea Life Tokyo lan akuarium Ueno ditutup. Sawise iku, dibukak maneh dadi fasilitas [[Vivarium]] sing nampilake [[rèptil|reptil]], [[amfibi]], [[lungfish]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ringkesan ==
[[File:Tokyo See Life Park 01.jpg|left|thumb|tangki awangun donat]]

Udakara 650 spesies organisme sing dikembangake ing 47 tangki, kalebu tuna sing bermigrasi ing sekitar tangki awangun donat gedhe.

Ing wiwitan taman, iki minangka akuarium umum sing paling gedhe lan paling populer ing Jepang, lan jumlah pengunjung taunan ing taun kapisan taman kasebut yaiku 3,55 yuta, luwih gedhe tinimbang rekor Jepang nalika semana (2,4 yuta ing Taman Aqualife Suma Kobe City Kobe: 1987). Sawise iku, rekor ora rusak nganti [[Osaka Aquarium|Akuarium Osaka]] digawe.

[[Pameran]] donya kapisan [[Kurtus gulliveri|nurseryfish]]. Kajaba iku, akeh makhluk sing dipamerake dikumpulake kanthi lokal dening Research Section of the Breeding and Exhibition Division, lan makhluk langka bisa katon utamane ing akuarium kutub.

=== Nganyari ===
Amarga fasilitas wis tuwa 30 taun sawise dibukak, akuarium wiwit nimbang [[konstruksi]] fasilitas anyar lan akuarium sing ideal. Akuarium njaluk pendapat saka warga Tokyo ing pungkasan taun 2018. Ing wulan Januari 2019, akuarium nyusun konsep dhasar kanggo nggawe fasilitas anyar ing papan kasebut. Banjur, ing Februari 2020, klompok ahli ahli nyetujoni laporan rencana pembangunan maneh. Skala kasebut diarepake duwe jembar total udakara 22.500 meter persegi lan biaya pangopènan 24 nganti 27 milyar yen.&lt;ref name=&quot;asahi190204&quot;&gt;「老朽化進む葛西臨海水族園 代替施設を建設へ」「敷地内、来年1月めどに事業計画」『[[朝日新聞]]』2019年2月4日、P23東京。&lt;/ref&gt; Rencana bisnis bakal dirumusake ing pungkasan taun 2020, lan samesthine bakal mbukak ing taun 2026.&lt;ref&gt;「葛西臨海水族館 建て替え - 都検討会 26年度再オープン」読売新聞 2020年2月6日、地域 都民14版27頁。&lt;/ref&gt;

== Referensi ==
{{Reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==
* [https://www.tokyo-zoo.net/english/kasai/ Tokyo Sea Life Park Tokyo zoo net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171001032415/https://www.tokyo-zoo.net/english/kasai/ |date=2017-10-01 }} English
* [https://www.tokyo-zoo.net/kasai/ Tokyo Sea Life Park Tokyo zoo net]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Japanese

[[Kategori:Tokyo]]</text>
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      <text bytes="4026" sha1="0xj62mp4ai2m6hirrr0380iijfzekk4" xml:space="preserve">'''Tugu Beatrix''' ya iku wewangunan tugu kang disik ana ing Tamansari, Kutha Salatiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nostalgia Salatiga: Tugu Beatrix Menyambut Kelahiran Putri Mahkota|url=http://salatigakota.go.id/InfoBerita.php?id=881&amp;|website=Pemerintah Kota Salatiga|access-date=11 Januari 2022|archive-date=2021-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720005356/http://salatigakota.go.id/InfoBerita.php?id=881&amp;|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Gambar:Tugu Beatrix.jpg|jmpl|260x260px|Tugu Beatrix.]]
== Uga delengen ==
* [[Gedung Manege]]
* [[Tugu Batas Perjalanan 30 Pal Salatiga–Semarang]]
* [[Tugu Jam Tamansari]]

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|1}}

== Referensi tambahan ==
{{refbegin|1}}
'''Buku'''

* {{Cite book|title=Riwayat Perjuangan Pahlawan-Pahlawan Salatiga dalam Mengisi Kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia|last=Harnoko|first=Darto, dkk|publisher=Pemerintah Kota Salatiga Dinas Perhubungan, Komunikasi, Kebudayaan, dan Pariwisata|year=2012|isbn=978-602-1797-30-3|location=Salatiga|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Harnoko, dkk|2012}}}}
* {{Cite book|title=Kota di Djawa Tempo Doeloe|last=Raap|first=Olivier Johannes|date=|publisher=Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia|year=2015|isbn=978-602-4243-61-6|location=Jakarta|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Raap|2015}}|url-status=live}}
* {{Cite book|last=Supangkat|first=Eddy|year=2019|title=Gedung-Gedung Tua yang Melewati Lorong Waktu Salatiga|location=Salatiga|publisher=Griya Media|isbn=978-623-7528-00-5|pages=|ref={{sfnref|Supangkat|2019}}}}

'''Buku lawas'''

* {{Cite book|title=Otonomi Daerah di Hindia-Belanda (1903–1940)|last=Darmiati|first=dkk|publisher=CV. Sejahtera|year=1999|isbn=|location=Jakarta|pages=|page=|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Darmiati, dkk|1999}}}}
* {{Cite book|title=Riwayat Kota Salatiga|last=Handjojo|first=M.S.|publisher=Sechan Press|year=1978|isbn=|location=Salatiga|pages=|page=|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Handjojo|1978}}}}
* {{Cite book|title=Salatiga dalam Lintasan Sejarah|last=Harnoko|first=Darto, dkk|publisher=Dinas Pariwisata, Seni, Budaya, dan Olah Raga Kota Salatiga|year=2008|isbn=|location=Salatiga|pages=|page=|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Harnoko, dkk|2008}}}}
* {{Cite book|title=Hari Jadi Kota Salatiga 24 Juli 750|last=Kartoatmadja|first=dkk|publisher=Pemerintah Daerah Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Salatiga|year=1995|isbn=|location=Salatiga|pages=|page=|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Kartoatmadja, dkk|1995}}}}
* {{Cite book|title=Sedjarah Daerah Jawa Tengah|last=Oemar|first=Mohammad, dkk|publisher=Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan|year=1978|isbn=|location=Jakarta|pages=|page=|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Oemar, dkk|1978}}}}
* {{Cite book|title=Kajian Pemekaran Kota Salatiga|last=Purnomo|first=Daru, dkk|publisher=Pusat Kajian Kependudukan dan Pemukiman Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Komunikasi Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana|year=2015|isbn=|location=Salatiga|pages=|page=|url-status=live|ref={{sfnref|Purnomo, dkk|2015}}}}
{{refend}}

== Pranala jaba ==
{{commons category|Tugu Beatrix Salatiga}}
* [https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2009/12/31/04002997/bangunan.cagar.budaya.akan.dijadikan.mal Bangunan Cagar Budaya Akan Dijadikan Mal]
* [https://radarsemarang.jawapos.com/berita/jateng/salatiga/2019/08/15/bangunan-cagar-budaya-terancam-musnah/ Bangunan Cagar Budaya Terancam Musnah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509163246/https://radarsemarang.jawapos.com/berita/jateng/salatiga/2019/08/15/bangunan-cagar-budaya-terancam-musnah/ |date=2023-05-09 }}
* [https://regional.kompas.com/read/2014/10/05/07334171/Dilema.Pelestarian.Benda.Cagar.Budaya.di.Salatiga.1.?page=all Dilema Pelestarian Benda Cagar Budaya di Salatiga]
* [https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2017/05/07/kota-tercantik-di-jawa-tengah-adalah-salatiga Kota Terindah di Jawa Tengah Adalah Salatiga]
* [https://nationalgeographic.grid.id/read/13300042/salatiga-lelakon-tinggalan-kota-garnisun-di-pinggang-merbabu?page=all Salatiga, Lelakon Tinggalan Kota Garnisun di Pinggang Merbabu]

[[Kategori:Kutha Salatiga]]
[[Kategori:Wewangunan ing Kutha Salatiga]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Urang brondong</title>
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[[Barkas:2016-07-07._Red_Lobster._(27653546223).jpg|jmpl| Popcorn udang ing sisih tengen piring]]
'''Udang popcorn''' minangka jeneng sawetara masakan [[Gorèngan|goreng]] [[Urang minangka panganan|udang]] cilik, &lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford2004_shrimp&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Shrimp and Prawns|encyclopedia=The Oxford encyclopedia of food and drink in America|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordencycloped0000unse_c7e6/page/488/mode/1up|accessdate=2021-08-18|editor-last=Smith|editor-first=Andrew F.|edition=1|volume=1|page=488|language=en|isbn=0195175514|lccn=2003024873}}&lt;/ref&gt; diarani amarga panganan driji sing dipangan kaya [[Brondong jagung|brondong]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;Oxford2004_shrimp&quot; /&gt;

Ing taun 1974, rantai restoran Amérika Red Lobster ngenalake menu sing diarani &quot;udang popcorn&quot;, &lt;ref name=&quot;DailyMeal2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailymeal.com/eat/9-things-you-didn-t-know-about-red-lobster-0|title=9 Things You Didn’t Know About Red Lobster|last=Myers|first=Dan|date=2015-07-01|website=The Daily Meal|at=It’s Where Popcorn Shrimp Was Invented|language=en|access-date=2021-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;RedLobster_History&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.redlobster.com/our-story/our-heritage|title=The story of Red Lobster|website=Red Lobster|at=1974|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811235158/https://www.redlobster.com/our-story/our-heritage|archive-date=2021-08-11|access-date=2021-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Gorèngan|gorengan]] daging udang cilik, sing isih ana {{As of|2021}}  . &lt;ref name=&quot;RedLobster_PopcornShrimp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.redlobster.com/menu/kids/popcorn-shrimp|title=Popcorn Shrimp|website=Red Lobster|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128085352/https://www.redlobster.com/menu/kids/popcorn-shrimp|archive-date=2021-01-28|access-date=2021-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;Restoran liyane uga nyediakake menu sing jenenge &quot;udang popcorn&quot;, wiwit taun 1975.

&lt;ref name=&quot;Technician1975&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1975-02-05|title=(advertisement) PIER 5|url=https://d.lib.ncsu.edu/collections/catalog/technician-v55n53-1975-02-05#?c=&amp;m=&amp;s=&amp;cv=2&amp;xywh=-265%2C3332%2C3250%2C3936|journal=[[Technician (newspaper)|Technician]]|publisher=NC State Student Media|volume=55|issue=53[50]|page=3|quote=Popcorn Shrimp $1.99|via=North Carolina State University}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sawetara sumber nyaranake manawa udang popcorn asale saka [[Olahan Louisiana Creole|masakan Louisiana]], lan koki Paul Prudhomme nggawe misuwur. &lt;ref name=&quot;SydneyMH2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/popcorn-shrimp-20121104-28rpt.html|title=Popcorn shrimp|last=Dupleix|first=Jill|date=2012-11-06|website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818175124/https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/popcorn-shrimp-20121104-28rpt.html|archive-date=2021-08-18|access-date=2021-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nanging, paling ora kanggo jenenge, apa sing diciptakake Prudhomme yaiku '''popcorn Cajun''', sing dilebokake ing menu restoran sing digarap, ing endi wae luwih saka 1975. &lt;ref name=&quot;AtlantaJC2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/food--cooking/paul-prudhomme-famed-cajun-chef-dies/sxWghVa0a5iccUDT8cJn9L/|title=Paul Prudhomme, famed Cajun chef, dies at 75|last=Grimes|first=William|date=2015-10-13|website=[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818180342/https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/food--cooking/paul-prudhomme-famed-cajun-chef-dies/sxWghVa0a5iccUDT8cJn9L/|archive-date=2021-08-18|access-date=2021-08-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prudhomme nerbitake resep popcorn Cajun ing buku masak ing taun 1984. Iki minangka [[Gorèngan|fritter]] saka crayfish, digawe kanthi nyemplungake buntut udang karang sing dikupas ing [[Adhonan kuwé|adonan]] endhog, susu, glepung jagung, glepung gandum, lan rempah-rempah, banjur digoreng, lan disajikake karo saus anggur sherry . &lt;ref name=&quot;Prudhomme1984&quot;&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Cajun popcorn with sherry wine sauce|encyclopedia=Chef Paul Prudhomme's Louisiana Kitchen|last=Prudhomme|first=Paul|year=1984|publisher=William Morrow and Company|location=New York|url=https://archive.org/details/chefpaulprudhomm00prud_2/page/281/mode/1up|accessdate=2021-08-16|authorlink=Paul Prudhomme|pages=281–283|language=en|isbn=0-688-02847-0}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;UPI1984&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/04/17/Louisiana-chefs-Cajun-popcorn-is-really-batter-fried-crawfish/5179451026000/|title=Louisiana chef's Cajun 'popcorn' is really batter-fried crawfish|date=1984-04-17|website=[[UPI]]|access-date=2021-08-18}}
&lt;/ref&gt; Dheweke nambahake, udang bisa digunakake minangka pengganti crayfish. &lt;ref name=&quot;Prudhomme1984&quot; /&gt; Pungkasane, &quot;udang popcorn&quot; digandhengake karo Prudhomme. &lt;ref name=&quot;SydneyMH2012&quot; /&gt; Saliyane jeneng, kaca ngarep Red Lobster utawa buku Prudhomme ora nyebutake asal-usul masakane.

Variasi span udang popcorn saka gaya akeh [[Panir|breaded]], &lt;ref name=&quot;NDTV_recipe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://food.ndtv.com/recipe-popcorn-shrimp-501362|title=Popcorn Shrimp Recipe|website=[[NDTV]]|access-date=2021-08-18}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; kanggo cahya [[tempura]] -style. &lt;ref name=&quot;SydneyMH2012&quot;/&gt;

== Referensi ==

[[Kategori:Gorèngan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vigdís Finnbogadóttir</title>
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      <text bytes="2864" sha1="9r2lsm4jt0v7t4efi42ml9jnknr1u5y" xml:space="preserve">{{icelandic name|Vigdís}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|image         = Vigdis Finnbogadottir (1985).jpg
|caption       = Vigdis Finnbogadottir ing September 1985
|office        = [[Presidhern Eslan]] ka-4
|primeminister = [[Gunnar Thoroddsen]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Steingrímur Hermannsson]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Þorsteinn Pálsson]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Davíð Oddsson]]
|term_start    = 1 Agustus 1980
|term_end      = 1 Agustus 1996
|predecessor   = [[Kristján Eldjárn]]
|successor     = [[Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson]]
|birth_date    = {{birth date and age|1930|04|15|df=y}}
|birth_place   = [[Reykjavík]], [[Kerajaan Eslan]]
|death_date    =
|death_place   =
|alma_mater    = [[Universitas Paris]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Université Grenoble Alpes|Universitas Grenoble]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Universitas Copenhagen]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Universitas Eslan]]
}}
''' Vigdís Finnbogadóttir''' ({{IPA-is|ˈvɪɣtis ˈfɪnpɔɣaˌtouʰtɪr̥|lang|Is-Vigdis finnbogadottir.oga}}; {{lahirmati||15|4|1930}}) yaiku pulitikus Eslan sing ngejabat minangka [[presidhen Eslan]] kapapat saka 1980 nganti 1996. Ia menika wadon kapisan ing donya sing secara demokratis kapilih minangka presidhen.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
 |title        = Club of Madrid: Vigdís Finnbogadóttir
 |publisher    = [[Club of Madrid]]
 |year         = 2003
 |url          = http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/miembro/vigdis_finnbogadottir
 |access-date   = 19 July 2010
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170812215011/http://www.clubmadrid.org/en/miembro/vigdis_finnbogadottir
 |archive-date = 12 August 2017
 |url-status     = dead
}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngejabat nganti enem welas taun, ia menika kepala nagara wadon kapilih sing paling suwe ngejabat ing donya nganti saiki. Saiki, ia dadi [[UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador]], lan anggota [[Club of Madrid]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
  | title = Club of Madrid: Full Members
  | publisher = [[Club of Madrid]]
  | year = 2019
  | url = http://www.clubmadrid.org/miembro/vigdis-finnbogadottir/
  | access-date = 27 October 2019
  | archive-date = 15 May 2021
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210515192953/http://www.clubmadrid.org/miembro/vigdis-finnbogadottir/
  | url-status = dead
  }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Ia uga menika siji-sijine presidhen wadon Eslan nganti saiki.

==Referensi==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Pranala jaba==
{{commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150204072353/http://english.forseti.is/FormerPresidents/VigdisFinnbogadottir Official CV]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6y7rK_Av65Y Video interview by the Nordic Culture Fund] {{in lang|da}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpaTJan8zsw Video interview by the School of Humanities of the University of Iceland] {{in lang|is}}
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWp-NNqtL-k Video message for the Women in Parliaments Global Forum] {{in lang|en}}

{{Présidhèn Èslan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Finnbogadottir, Vigdis}}
[[Category:Présidhèn Èslan|Vigdis Finnbogadottir]]</text>
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    <title>Wit ngantèn</title>
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| name           = Wit ngantèn&lt;br&gt;{{nobold|{{small|ꦮꦶꦠ꧀ꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀}}}}
| image          = Pohon Pengantin Salatiga.jpg
| image_caption  = 
| map            = 
| map_caption    = 
| map_label      = 
| type           = Papan wisata alam
| location       = Dalan Siranda Raya, Désa Bancaan, Kalurahan Pulutan, Kacamatan Sidareja, Kutha Salatiga, Propinsi Jawa Tengah
| coordinates    = {{coord|-7.312237|110.488045}}
| area           = 
| owner          =
| operator       = Papréntahan Désa Bancaan
| visitation_num = 
| status         = Dibukak (saben dina)
| opened         = 2019 (wiwitan kondhang)
| awards         =
| designation    =
| open           = 
| created        =
}}

'''Wit ngantèn''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦮꦶꦠ꧀ꦔꦤ꧀ꦠꦺꦤ꧀; [[basa Indhonésia]]: ''Pohon pengantin'') ya iku wit ijèn ing tengah [[sawah]] kang ana ing Dalan Siranda Raya, Désa Bancaan, [[Pulutan, Sidareja, Salatiga|Kalurahan Pulutan, Kacamatan Sidareja, Kutha Salatiga]], [[Jawa Tengah|Propinsi Jawa Tengah]]. Wit iki kondhang ing [[Kutha Salatiga]] amarga asring ditekani déning para mudha lan juru poto, malah uga calon ngantèn kang nindakaké acara poto ''pre-wedding''. Paling ora nganti taun 2020, kahanan wit kasebut isih cukup apik.

== Kahanan ==
Wit iki ana ing cedhak SMP Al-Azhar 18 Salatiga, prenahé ing Dalan Siranda Raya, Désa Bancaan, Kalurahan Pulutan, Kacamatan Sidareja, Kutha Salatiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:342&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://indonesiakeren.id/ada-sebuah-pohon-yang-unik-di-salatiga-namanya-adalah-pohon-pengantin/|title=Ada Sebuah Pohon yang Unik di Salatiga Namanya Adalah Pohon Pengantin|last=Redaksi Indonesia Keren|first=|date=|website=Indonesia Keren|language=id|access-date=19 April 2020}}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pulutan.salatiga.go.id/download/|title=Pohon Pengantin Pulutan|last=Pemerintah Kelurahan Pulutan|website=Pemerintah Kota Salatiga Kantor Kelurahan Pulutan|language=id|access-date=21 Januari 2022|archive-date=2022-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121033753/https://pulutan.salatiga.go.id/download/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dalan menyang wit kasebut wis bisa didelok lumantar perabot ''[[Google Maps]]'' lan bisa ditekani kanthi nganggo tunggangan rodha papat utawa loro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-4452105/kisah-pohon-pengantin-di-salatiga|title=Kisah Pohon Pengantin di Salatiga|last=Kusuma|first=Aji|work=[[Detik.com]]|access-date=21 Januari 2022|language=id|archive-date=2023-09-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920082326/https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-4452105/kisah-pohon-pengantin-di-salatiga|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Galengan sawah tumuju wit iki saiki wis diowahi dadi dalan beton kang dawané 50 meter saka dalan gedhé lan digawé [[kreteg]] kang dawané 70 mèter lan ambané 150 sèntimèter. Lurah Pulutan, Chomsatun, mratélakaké yèn bab kasebut minangka pamrayoga saka warga liwat kadang tumaruna kang nganggo ardana désa kurang luwih Rp 150.000.000,00.&lt;ref name=&quot;:223&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://radarsemarang.jawapos.com/berita/jateng/salatiga/2021/10/07/akses-ke-pohon-pengantin-salatiga-dipoles/|title=Akses ke Pohon Pengantin Salatiga Dipoles|last=Sasongko|first=Dhinar|work=[[Jawa Pos]]|access-date=21 Januari 2022|language=id|archive-date=2022-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812131604/https://radarsemarang.jawapos.com/berita/jateng/salatiga/2021/10/07/akses-ke-pohon-pengantin-salatiga-dipoles/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akèh-akèhé bebrayan kang teka mréné kepéngin moto kanthi latar swasana surup lan sawah kang ijo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:223&quot; /&gt; Miturut bebrayan sakiwa-tengené, uga ana calon ngantèn kang nindakaké acara poto ''pre-wedding'' ing papan kasebut.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://travelingyuk.com/pohon-pengantin-salatiga/12748|title=Kisah Pohon Pengantin di Salatiga yang Tumbuh Sebatang Kara|last=Redaksi Traveling Yuk|first=|date=|website=Traveling Yuk|language=id|access-date=8 Maret 2020|archive-date=2023-10-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002160434/https://travelingyuk.com/pohon-pengantin-salatiga/12748/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Wondéné iku, ora ana kang bisa ngerti wiwitan tuwuhé wit iki. Puryanti, salah siji warga Desa Pulutan, njlèntrèhaké yèn dhisik ing papan iku ana wit loro, nanging sing siji wis suwé ditegor. Wit kasebut tuwuh kanthi pang kang ménggok-ménggok kayata [[Bonsai|bonsé]] lan katon thengukan alami.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Sholikhawan|first=Fajri Digit|date=|title=4 Destinasi Instagramable di Salatiga-Ambarawa, Ada Benteng Pendem hingga Pohon Pengantin|url=https://video.tribunnews.com/view/76508/4-destinasi-instagramable-di-salatiga-ambarawa-ada-benteng-pendem-hingga-pohon-pengantin|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|language=id|access-date=8 Maret 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yèn dideleng saka jinisé, wit kasebut kalebu kulawarga [[Waringin|bringin]]. Wujudé pancèn kayata bonsé, nanging ukurané luwih gedhé.&lt;ref name=&quot;:342&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://lifestyle.okezone.com/read/2017/08/23/406/1761274/share-loc-berburu-foto-mitos-pohon-pengantin-salatiga-spot-indah-para-juru-kamera|title=Share Loc: Berburu Foto Mitos Pohon Pengantin Salatiga, Spot Indah Para Juru Kamera|last=Riyani|first=Utami Evi|date=|work=[[Okezone.com]]|access-date=8 Maret 2020|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; Senajan diarani wit ngantèn, wit kasebut tuwuh ijèn ing tengah sawah lan adoh saka wit-witan liyané.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Prayitno|first=Gigih|date=|title=Pohon Pengantin, Pohon Cantik yang Menjadi Simbol Cinta Abadi di Salatiga, Jawa Tengah|url=https://travel.tribunnews.com/2019/02/28/pohon-pengantin-pohon-cantik-yang-menjadi-simbol-cinta-abadi-di-salatiga-jawa-tengah|work=[[Tribunnews|Tribunnews.com]]|access-date=8 Maret 2020|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Saliyané dadi papan kanggo njupuk wimban, uga ana gugon tuhon saka wit iki. Miturut masarakat saubengané, wit kasebut minangka salah siji tetenger katresnan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Dicritakaké yèn ana kang dolan mréné karo pasangané, sesambungané bakal langgeng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Nanging, uga ana kang ngandharaké yèn wit kuwi diarani wit ngantèn amarga mapan ing tengah sawah lan asring didadekaké papan poto ''pre-wedding''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:342&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id/2020/08/03/pohon-pengantin-salatiga-pohon-kesepian-penyatu-dua-insan|title=Pohon Pengantin Salatiga, Pohon Kesepian Penyatu Dua Insan|last=Indrajaya|first=Dimas Wahyu|website=Good News from Indonesia|language=id|access-date=21 Januari 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Uga delengen ==

* [[Alun-Alun Pancasila Salatiga]]
* [[Selasar Kartini]]
* [[Taman Kutha Salatiga]]
* [[Taman Tingkir Salatiga]]

== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|1}}

== Pranala jaba ==
{{commons category|Pohon Pengantin Salatiga}}
* [https://m.viva.co.id/blog/wisata/742338-kisah-pohon-pengantin-di-salatiga-yang-tumbuh-sebatang-kara Wit Ngantèn ing Salatiga kang Tuwuh Ijèn].

[[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]]
[[Kategori:WikiPlesir]]</text>
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      <text bytes="2098" sha1="aj0jxztfsdlr9wndlo18fb0pji2lq84" xml:space="preserve">Umbul Besuki ꧌ꦲꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦭ꧀ꦧꦼꦱꦸꦏꦶ꧍ minangka papan wisata sing ana ing [[Dèsa Kiringan]], [[Polanharja, Klathèn|Kecamatan Polanharja]], [[Kabupatèn Klathèn|Kabupaten Klathèn]], [[Jawa Tengah|Provinsi Jawa Tengah]]. Wisata iki awujud tuk banyu sing dibendung kaya déné kolam kanggo slulum kanthi sesawangan sing isih katon asri yaiku wit-witan, sawah, kali, lan gunung. Umbul Besuki nduwèni 3 kolam, 2 kolam kanggo bocah, 1 kolam kanggo diwasa sing jeroné udakara 1,5 ''meter''. Uga ana kolam mligi kanggo terapi iwak, pendhapa, pakiwan, langar utawa mushola, warung, papan kanggo ''outbond'', uga ana panggon kanggo ''camping''. Ing Umbul Besuki para wisatawan bisa ngrasakaké kungkum ing langsung saka sumber banyu sing isih banget alami lan ora adoh saka Kutha Klaten, udakara 18,5 ''kilometer'' liwat Dalan Klathèn-Ngupit.

=== Tiket Umbul Besuki ===
Umbul Besuki bukak saben dina udakara jam 08.00-15.00 WIB 

* Rp7.000 saben wong 
* Rp2.000 kanggo parkir motor
* Rp5.000 kanggo parkir mobil

=== Papan Wisata Umbul ing Klathèn ===

* [[Umbul Buta]]
* [[Umbul Cakra]]
* [[Umbul Jalatundha]]
* [[Umbul Kroman]]
* [[Umbul Ponggok]]
* [[Umbul Mantèn]]
* [[Umbul Pluneng Tirtamulyani]]

=== Pratelan ===

* [https://jadesta.kemenparekraf.go.id/atraksi/umbul_besuki Umbul Besuki]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. jadesta.kemenparekraf.go.id. Diakses pada 20 September 2023.
* [https://narasidesa.com/umbul-besuki-desa-ponggok-klaten-tawarkan-kesejukan-hati/ Umbul Besuki]{{Pranala mati|date=December 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. narasidesa.com. Diakses pada 20 September 2023.
* [https://klatenkab.go.id/umbul-besuki-polanharjo-menikmati-sensasi-mandi-alam-di-nuansa-pedesaan/ Umbul Besuki Polanharjo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813130800/https://klatenkab.go.id/umbul-besuki-polanharjo-menikmati-sensasi-mandi-alam-di-nuansa-pedesaan/ |date=2022-08-13 }}. klatenkab.go.id. Diakses pada 20 September 2023.

[[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Tengah]]
[[Kategori:WikiPlesir]]</text>
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== ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2025 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XII, December 2025&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Global GLAM Calls Continue in 2026
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence, 2025, in Elbasan Albania
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Resume of the year
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: AMaGA partnership, signing the Open Heritage Statement and South Australian Museum Partner Project 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day 2026, Circus Heritage and Fosdem
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Preparándonos para celebrar el día del dominio público - Getting ready for the Public Domain Day celebration
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Exploring Italy and Unlocking Its Heritage: Touring Club Italiano and GLAM Call 2026–2028
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference follow-up Wiki webinar &amp; Auckland Museum student update
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Public Domain, Conferences, and Conversations on Open Culture
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM on Tour Bellinzona, Xmas Event, GLAM Wiki Group
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2025 in review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2026
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 2025 in review
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Januari 2026 12.57 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=29895284 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini berfokus pada tren global, uji coba yang lebih cepat dan lebih sehat, dukungan yang lebih baik bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, peningkatan kolaborasi lintas proyek, dan upaya memperluas dan mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]].

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan Tim Community Tech dalam proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Daftar pantau ganda]] (''Multiple watchlists''), tampilan [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] akan diperbarui sebagai langkah awal menuju penerapan beberapa daftar pantau. Selain itu, sistem penomoran halaman pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] juga akan diperbarui sebagai bagian dari pengerjaan permintaan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|perombakan penomoran dan navigasi halaman]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596]
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] merupakan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|ekstensi]] MediaWiki yang memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini baru-baru ini diperbarui agar tampilannya lebih menyerupai [[Special:Watchlist|Daftar pantau]] biasa, termasuk untuk menyiapkannya menghadapi penggunaan akun sementara dalam penyamaran IP (misalnya dengan mengarahkan ulang pranala pengguna ke halaman kontribusi), menampilkan judul halaman dengan huruf tebal, dan membuka pranala dalam ringkasan suntingan dan label di tab peramban baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika pemblokiran global tidak memiliki opsi untuk menonaktifkan pengiriman surel kini telah diperbaiki, dan fitur tersebut dapat digunakan pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|Perkakas pengutipan di VisualEditor]] dan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Pratinjau Rujukan]] kini mendukung jenis rujukan &quot;peta&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 12 Januari 2026 19.32 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29907192 --&gt;
== ''The Signpost'': 15 January 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/News and notes|Wikipedia's 25th anniversary is here!]]

* Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Special report|Wikipedia at 25: A Wake-Up Call]]

* Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Serendipity|The WMF wants to buy you books!]]

* WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/WikiProject report|Time for a health check: the Vital Signs 2026 campaign]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/In the media|Fake Acting President Trump and a Wikipedia infobox]]

* Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Community view|The inbox behind Wikipedia]]

* Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Recent research|Art museums on Wikidata; comparing three comparisons of Grokipedia and Wikipedia]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Traffic report|Tonight I'm gonna rock you]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Comix|Oh come on man.]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 15 Januari 2026 15.19 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&amp;oldid=29899914 --&gt;
== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 16 Januari 2026 19.44 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29879549 --&gt;
== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
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;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==

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[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 18 Januari 2026 13.21 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=29228188 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Panel yang ditampilkan pada [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] dalam tampilan seluler telah didesain ulang. Panel ini kini ditampilkan dalam keadaan tertutup secara bawaan dan dilengkapi dengan pranala untuk membatalkan suntingan yang sedang ditinjau, sehingga memudahkan penyunting dan peninjau di perangkat seluler untuk mengambil tindakan tanpa membuat antarmuka terlihat penuh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] 
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini terus dikembangkan dan kini mampu menentukan arah teks secara otomatis, sehingga tampilan situs dengan nama domain yang tidak lazim tetap benar. Ekstensi ini juga menampilkan keterangan yang lebih rinci untuk setiap tindakan dalam log. Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ditambahkan pranala permanen baru untuk pembuatan halaman dan kelas CSS untuk setiap elemen entri. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya ditemukan pada Vector 2022, yaitu tujuan pranala jangkar tertutup oleh tajuk yang menempel (''sticky header''), kini telah ditangani. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Sebagaimana disebutkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|pengumuman penghentian bertahap pada Oktober 2025]], Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan mulai menghentikan seluruh titik akhir transformasi (''transform endpoint'') pada MediaWiki REST API yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir alamat (''trailing slash'') pada pekan 26 Januari. Perubahan ini diperkirakan akan diterapkan di semua wiki paling lambat 30 Januari. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih menggunakannya diimbau untuk beralih ke versi titik akhir tanpa garis miring di akhir. Kedua variasi titik akhir tersebut dapat ditemukan, dibandingkan, dan diuji melalui [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Jika memiliki pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team].
* Dokumentasi rujukan interaktif untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] telah dipindahkan. Permintaan ke dokumentasi API yang sebelumnya diinang melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (misalnya &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/&lt;/code&gt;) kini akan dialihkan ke [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata Wikimedia Foundation]] (WDP) telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala Januari 2026]]. Nawala ini memuat pembaruan mengenai penghentian titik akhir graf penuh (''full-graph'') lama, perubahan kebijakan User-Agent, jadwal sesi diskusi bulanan migrasi Blazegraph, dan upaya untuk mengurangi kemunduran (regresi) yang disebabkan oleh penonaktifan titik akhir lama tersebut. Sebagai pengingat, Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|berlangganan nawala WDP]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Pertemuan dan acara'''
* [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan segera ditutup atau ditutup lebih awal jika kuota peserta telah terpenuhi. Acara ini merupakan hackathon teknis selama dua hari yang mempertemukan para Wikimediawan dari kawasan tersebut. Sampai jumpa di sana!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 19 Januari 2026 20.29 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29943403 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tinjauan tahunan untuk Kode Etik Universal dan Panduan Penegakan&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Saya ingin menyampaikan bahwa periode peninjauan tahunan Kode Etik Universal dan Pedoman Penegakannya saat ini telah dibuka. Usulan perubahan dapat diajukan hingga 9 Februari 2026. Tahap ini merupakan langkah awal dari rangkaian proses peninjauan tahunan yang akan dilakukan.[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Informasi lengkap dan ruang diskusi tersedia di halaman UCoC di Meta]].

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) adalah grup global yang didedikasikan untuk memberikan implementasi yang adil dan konsisten dari UCoC. Tinjauan tahunan ini telah direncanakan dan diimplementasikan oleh U4C. Untuk informasi dan tanggung jawab U4C lebih lanjut, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Anda dapat meninjaunya pada piagam U4C]].

Mohon bagikan informasi ini pada anggota lain di komunitas Anda di mana pun yang mungkin sesuai.

-- Bekerja sama dengan U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|bicara]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

19 Januari 2026 21.01 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=29905753 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Wikimedia Foundation mengundang masukan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|usulan arah masa depan]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] hingga 28 Februari.
* Semua pengguna dengan akun terdaftar kini dapat menggunakan kunci sandi (''passkey'') untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Kunci sandi merupakan cara masuk yang lebih sederhana tanpa perlu menggunakan perangkat kedua. Identitas pengguna diverifikasi melalui sidik jari, pemindaian wajah, atau kode PIN. Untuk menggunakan kunci sandi, pengguna harus terlebih dahulu mengaktifkan metode 2FA standar. Saat ini, proses masuk dengan kunci sandi masih memerlukan kata sandi. Pada kuartal ini, fitur masuk tanpa kata sandi akan memungkinkan pengguna masuk dengan satu klik menggunakan kunci sandi. Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan juga akan diwajibkan mengaktifkan 2FA. Kebijakan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]].
* Kontributor tidak terdaftar yang berasal dari alamat IP atau rentang IP yang diblokir kini dapat berinteraksi di wiki untuk mengajukan banding pemblokiran dengan membuat akun sementara dan menyampaikannya melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna, selama opsi &quot;mencegah pengguna ini menyunting halaman pembicaraannya sendiri&quot; tidak diaktifkan. Perubahan ini mengatasi masalah sebelumnya, yaitu pengguna yang tidak masuk log (keluar log dari akun) tidak dapat menggunakan prosedur pembukaan blokir standar melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, deskripsi metode Autentikasi Dua-Faktor (2FA) pada halaman pengelolaan kini telah diperbarui. Penjelasannya menjadi lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dipahami serta digunakan oleh pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Sebuah variabel AbuseFilter baru, &lt;code&gt;account_type&lt;/code&gt;, telah ditambahkan untuk menyediakan cara yang andal dalam menentukan jenis akun yang sedang dibuat pada tindakan &lt;code&gt;createaccount&lt;/code&gt; dan &lt;code&gt;autocreateaccount&lt;/code&gt;. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, variabel &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; telah diubah namanya menjadi &lt;code&gt;account_name&lt;/code&gt;, dan &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; kini dinyatakan tidak lagi digunakan (''deprecated''). Pengelola penyaring suntingan disarankan untuk memperbarui penyaring apa pun yang masih menggunakan pemeriksaan jenis akun yang ditulis langsung (''hardcoded'') atau variabel yang telah dinyatakan tidak digunakan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049]
* Keluku (''thumbnail'') yang diminta dengan ukuran tidak standar dan menggunakan cara tidak standar, seperti permintaan langsung ke &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;upload.wikimedia.org/…&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, akan berhenti berfungsi dalam waktu dekat. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan berkelanjutan oleh pengambil data otomatis (''web scraper'') dan bot. Sebagian pengguna dengan CSS/JS khusus, pengurus antarmuka yang dapat memperbaiki gawai dan kulit lokal, serta pembuat alat, perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar menggunakan ukuran gambar mini standar. [[phab:T414805|Informasi lengkap, pranala pencarian, dan contoh cara memperbaikinya tersedia pada tugas terkait]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 26 Januari 2026 21.16 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29969530 --&gt;
== This Month in Education: January 2026 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto &quot;25x25&quot; llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 28 Januari 2026 18.26 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&amp;oldid=29951116 --&gt;
== Your feedback wanted: improve transparency of Wikidata edits affecting your Wiki ==

''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate to your language to help spread the message.)''

Hello everyone, I am writing on behalf of Wikimedia Deutschland’s [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.
I have news about our focus area on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|“increasing the transparency of Wikidata edits that can affect your wiki”]], especially for patrollers, reviewers and editors of recent changes and watchlists.

'''Your wiki will soon receive a change making the user-preference “Show Wikidata edits” an opt-out for the recent changes and watchlists pages.''' This is scheduled for '''''27 February, 2026'''''.

'''[What does this mean?]'''
* Accounts registered on this wiki will see Wikidata edits in the [[:jv:Mirunggan:Kaca_anyar|Recent Changes]] page
* Accounts registered on this wiki will see Wikidata edits in [[:jv:Mirunggan:Pawawangan|Watchlists]]
* You can opt-out and disable this setting at any time in your [[:jv:Mirunggan:Pilalan|user settings]]
[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|(Here is a guide to enable/disable this setting)]].

'''[How you can help?]'''&lt;br&gt;
We’d love to hear from you! Your experiences, feedback, and ideas are invaluable as we work to improve the visibility and utility of Wikidata edits.
We are particularly interested to hear from:
* '''Patrollers:''' How has the change influenced your workflow in spotting, reviewing, and acting on edits in recent changes?
* '''Editors:''' How has the change affected your experience in monitoring and reviewing changes to your watched pages?
* '''General reflections:''' Is there anything about Wikidata edits that you find confusing, surprising, or difficult to act on?

If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer!

More in depth information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|the project page on Meta]].

If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the talk page of the project. We will gladly answer!
Thank you, -- [[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|rembugan]]) 23 Januari 2026 15.35 (UTC)

:''Hello @[[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]], we would be happy to try the new change. Thanks for [[Parembugan_Naraguna:Bennylin#c-Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)-20260127141300-Wikidata_edit_visibility_in_recent_changes/watchlists|informing us]].''
:Kanggé kanca-kanca, mengko nang kaca [[Mirunggan:Owahan anyar]] bakal ana pratélan besutan Wikidata. Yèn keganggu, isa sètingané isa dipatèni ing [[Mirunggan:Preferensi]]. [[Panganggo:Bennylin|Bennylin]] (&lt;small&gt;[[Dhiskusi_Panganggo:Bennylin|ꦉꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦒ꧀ꦒꦤ꧀]]&lt;/small&gt;) 28 Januari 2026 06.14 (UTC)
::Great! I will keep you informed for any changes or developments. Thanks again --[[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|rembugan]]) 28 Januari 2026 08.44 (UTC)

: Personally I find this very interesting, as we can track and patrol users's changes on interwiki links and when needed revert them back. Actually I did reply you on my talk page *https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parembugan_Naraguna%3AMeursault2004&amp;diff=1742658&amp;oldid=1742656). [[User:Meursault2004|Meursault2004]]&lt;sup&gt;[[User_talk:Meursault2004|ngobrol]]&lt;/sup&gt; 29 Januari 2026 05.03 (UTC)

== ''The Signpost'': 29 January 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Traffic report|The most viewed articles of 2025]]

* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News and notes|Good news... but also bad news for the Public Domain]]

* News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News from Diff|Solving puzzles together]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/In the media|Every view on the 25th anniversary of everything]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Comix|Perspectives]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 29 Januari 2026 06.31 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&amp;oldid=29988053 --&gt;

== Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 72 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px&quot;&gt; [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books &amp; Bytes''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Issue 72, November–December 2025 &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em&quot;&gt; 
* Renewed partnerships
* Spotlight: Strengthening Wikimedia Collaborations with and for Open Science
&lt;big&gt;'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/November-December 2025|Read the full newsletter]]'''&lt;/big&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 29 Januari 2026 12.44 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&amp;oldid=29991504 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Fitur &quot;{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}&quot; yang menampilkan informasi validasi tentang suatu halaman ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} contoh]) kini secara otomatis akan menyertakan daftar isi. Jika terdapat halaman lokal [[MediaWiki:Pageinfo-header]] yang dibuat oleh pengguna, halaman tersebut kini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya VisualEditor menambahkan pemformatan tebal atau miring di dalam deskripsi pranala, sehingga membuat kode wiki menjadi rumit. Hal ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Tidak ada salinan XML pada 20 Januari. Selain itu, mulai sekarang, salinan data hanya akan dihasilkan satu kali per bulan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389]
* Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki telah menghapus dukungan untuk seluruh titik akhir transformasi yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir (''trailing slash'') dari [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API REST API MediaWiki]. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih memanggil titik akhir tersebut dianjurkan untuk beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring di akhir. Apabila terdapat pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan mengajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* Wikimedia Foundation mengingatkan para pengguna bahwa sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 telah dibagikan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan ini menyoroti berbagai isu utama, termasuk tren global, pengembangan eksperimen yang lebih cepat dan berkelanjutan, peningkatan dukungan bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, optimalisasi kolaborasi antarproyek, dan upaya meningkatkan serta mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan, saran, dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 2 Fèbruari 2026 17.43 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30000986 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kontributor yang masuk log dan mengelola daftar pantauan yang besar atau kompleks kini dapat mengatur dan menyaring halaman yang dipantau dengan lebih efektif melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Label Daftar Pantauan]] yang baru. Dengan menambahkan label tersuai, misalnya halaman yang dibuat sendiri, halaman yang dipantau untuk vandalisme, atau halaman diskusi, pengguna dapat lebih cepat mengidentifikasi halaman yang memerlukan perhatian, mengurangi beban kognitif, dan merespons dengan lebih efisien. Peningkatan ini membuat daftar pantauan lebih mudah digunakan, terutama bagi penyunting yang sangat aktif.
* Sebuah fitur baru yang tersedia di [[Special:Contributions|Istimewa:Kontribusi]] kini menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] yang kemungkinan dioperasikan oleh orang yang sama, sehingga proses patroli menjadi lebih efisien dan tidak memakan banyak waktu. Saat memeriksa kontribusi suatu akun sementara, pengguna yang memiliki akses ke alamat IP akun sementara kini dapat melihat tampilan kontribusi dari akun-akun sementara terkait. Fitur ini menelusuri seluruh alamat IP yang terkait dengan suatu akun sementara dalam periode retensi data, lalu menampilkan semua kontribusi dari seluruh akun sementara yang pernah menggunakan alamat IP tersebut. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] 
* Saat para penyunting melakukan pratayang suntingan teks wiki, kotak pengingat di bagian atas yang menunjukkan bahwa yang ditampilkan hanyalah pratayang kini menggunakan latar belakang abu-abu/netral, bukan lagi kuning/peringatan. Perubahan ini memudahkan pembedaan antara catatan pratayang dan peringatan yang sebenarnya (misalnya konflik suntingan atau sasaran pengalihan yang bermasalah), yang kini akan ditampilkan dalam kotak peringatan atau kesalahan terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742]
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna meninjau daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini terus mengalami penyempurnaan, yang kini mendukung lebih dari satu situs Wikibase secara optimal, seperti [[d:|Wikidata]] dan [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. Selain itu, kendala tentang arah teks telah diperbaiki bagi pengguna Wikidata atau situs Wikibase lain yang menggunakan bahasa dengan arah kanan ke kiri (RTL). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458]
* &quot;Pranala magis&quot; otomatis untuk nomor ISBN, RFC, dan PMID [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|telah dinyatakan usang dalam teks wiki sejak 2021]] karena kurang fleksibel dan menyulitkan pelokalan. Sejumlah wiki telah berhasil menggantikan pranala magis RFC dan PMID dengan pranala luar yang setara, tetapi untuk menggantikan fungsi pranala magis ISBN sering kali diperlukan templat khusus. Kini telah tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|fungsi pengurai bawaan]] baru, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#isbn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan fungsi dasar pranala magis ISBN. Hal ini memudahkan wiki yang ingin bermigrasi dari fungsi pranala magis yang telah dinyatakan usang tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604]
* Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: 
** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q35401|bahasa Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|&lt;code&gt;w:kaj:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283]
** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q1186896|bahasa Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|&lt;code&gt;w:ppl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. 

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Sebuah kelompok pengguna global baru telah dibuat, yaitu [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. Kelompok ini digunakan secara internal oleh perangkat lunak untuk memungkinkan bot komunitas melewati pembatasan laju (''rate limit'') yang diterapkan terhadap [[w:en:Web scraping|perayap web]] (''web scraper'') yang bersifat merusak. Akun yang telah disetujui sebagai bot di setidaknya satu wiki Wikimedia akan secara otomatis ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok ini. Perubahan ini tidak memengaruhi atau mengubah hak akses yang dimiliki oleh bot tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''Pertemuan dan acara'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 25–27 Maret 2026 di Salt Lake City, Amerika Serikat. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Peserta dapat mengusulkan sesi serta mendaftarkan diri untuk mengikuti konferensi ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 9 Fèbruari 2026 23.29 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30026671 --&gt;
== ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2026 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue I, January 2026&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Wikipedia at 25
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Pap-Wikipedia Turns 20: A Milestone for Papiamento/u Knowledge
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Celebrando el día del dominio público 2026/Celebrating the public domain day 2026 
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikipedia's Birthday in France
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Gifted by our friends: Loads of presents for Wikipedia25 by German and Austrian GLAMs
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Activities in December-January
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Knowledge in action: Barindelli collection and Wikipedia 25
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation Dutch Book History
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Student Edit-a-thon, the NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence project, and other residencies
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM Program of Wikimedia MKD – 2026 Overview
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Explore Historic Portraits from the Museum of Photography in Kraków
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: January in Wikimedia Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum in Chiasso, Alpine Museum, Women Monuments
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sharing more of the Enamels of the World
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Wiki and GLAM: Harnessing Knowledge to Foster Gender Equality
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts on Arabic Wikipedia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Two key Wikidata Requests for Comments, relevant for future GLAM-Wiki work
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events

&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Fèbruari 2026 08.33 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=30055818 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* &lt;span class=&quot;mw-translate-fuzzy&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Tim SRE]] akan membersihkan Etherpad, yaitu penyunting berbasis web sumber terbuka untuk penyuntingan dokumen kolaboratif langsung. Seluruh catatan (''pad'') akan dihapus secara permanen setelah 30 April 2026. Harap membuat salinan cadangan lokal atas konten apa pun yang ingin dipertahankan karena data yang telah dihapus tidak dapat dipulihkan. Pembersihan ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi ukuran basis data dan meminimalkan jejak infrastruktur. Etherpad akan tetap mendukung kolaborasi langsung, tetapi tidak ditujukan untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang. Pembersihan tambahan dapat dilakukan di masa mendatang tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.&lt;/span&gt; [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Tim Pengambilan Informasi (''Information Retrieval'') akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|eksperimen aplikasi seluler Android]] untuk menguji pencarian hibrida yang mampu menangani kueri semantik dan berbasis kata kunci. Peningkatan pencarian di dalam platform ini bertujuan memudahkan pembaca menemukan informasi yang dicari secara langsung di Wikipedia. Eksperimen ini akan pertama kali diluncurkan di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani pada akhir Februari, kemudian diperluas ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis pada bulan Maret. Informasi selengkapnya [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ dapat dibaca] di Diff. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval]
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#siteNotice { display: none; }&lt;/code&gt; to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]].&lt;/span&gt; [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. &lt;span class=&quot;mw-translate-fuzzy&quot;&gt;Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah di [[Special:RecentChanges|Istimewa:PerubahanTerbaru]] telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, ketika pengguna mengeklik sembunyikan pada penyaring aktif, tombol &quot;lihat perubahan baru sejak…&quot; ikut menghilang, padahal seharusnya tetap ditampilkan. Kini, tombol tersebut telah berfungsi dan ditampilkan sebagaimana mestinya.&lt;/span&gt; [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* &lt;span class=&quot;mw-translate-fuzzy&quot;&gt;Dokumentasi baru kini tersedia untuk membantu para penyunting menelusuri dan mendiagnosis masalah pada fitur pencarian di situs. Dokumentasi ini mendukung proses pemecahan masalah ketika halaman tidak muncul dalam hasil pencarian, ketika peringkat hasil terasa tidak sesuai, dan ketika perlu memeriksa konten apa saja yang sedang diindeks. Dengan demikian, perilaku pencarian menjadi lebih mudah dipahami dan dianalisis. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Pelajari lebih lanjut]].&lt;/span&gt; [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16 Fèbruari 2026 19.16 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30086330 --&gt;
== ''The Signpost'': 17 February 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/In the media|Global powers see Wikipedia as fundamental target for manipulation]]

* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/News and notes|Discussions open for the next WMF Annual Plan]]

* Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Serendipity|Maintenance crews continue to slog through Wikipedia's oldest Featured Articles]]

* Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Disinformation report|Epstein's obsessions]]

* Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Technology report|Wikidata Graph Split and how we address major challenges]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Traffic report|Deaths, killings, films, and the Olympics]]

* Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Opinion|Incoming Incurables]]

* Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Crossword|Pop quiz]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Comix|herculean]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 17 Fèbruari 2026 08.03 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&amp;oldid=30039447 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] kini telah diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, menandai selesainya peluncuran fitur ini di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur tersebut mendorong pengguna baru untuk menambahkan rujukan sebelum memublikasikan konten baru, sehingga membantu menekan pembatalan suntingan akibat kekurangan rujukan dan meningkatkan keterverifikasian. Hasil pengujian A/B menunjukkan dampak yang kuat: pengguna baru yang ditampilkan Pemeriksaan Rujukan sekitar 2,2 kali lebih sering menambahkan rujukan di desktop dan sekitar 17,5 kali lebih sering di web seluler. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html]
'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|Ekstensi InterwikiSorting]], yang sebelumnya memungkinkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|pengurutan pranala antarwiki]], telah dinonaktifkan di Wikipedia. Dampaknya, penyunting yang mengaktifkan pengurutan pranala antarwiki dalam mode tidak ringkas (format daftar penuh) kini akan melihat urutan pranala berubah. Ke depannya, pranala antarwiki akan ditampilkan berdasarkan urutan alfabet kode bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764]
* Mulai akhir pekan ini, pengguna yang menyunting suatu bagian halaman menggunakan VisualEditor seluler akan melihat tombol baru &quot;Sunting seluruh halaman&quot;. Dengan mengetuk tombol tersebut, pengguna dapat langsung menyunting keseluruhan artikel. Fitur ini memudahkan ketika perubahan yang ingin dilakukan ternyata berada di luar bagian yang awalnya dibuka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] mengundang para penyunting untuk menilai apakah mode gelap masih perlu dianggap sebagai fitur beta di wiki masing-masing berdasarkan pengalaman penggunaan dan kinerjanya di perangkat desktop maupun seluler. Apabila fitur ini dinilai telah matang, para penyunting dapat memperbarui pesan antarmuka di &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:skin-theme-description&lt;/code&gt; dan &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag&lt;/code&gt; untuk menunjukkan bahwa mode gelap telah siap digunakan dan tidak lagi berstatus beta.
* [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Tab Aktivitas]] yang telah ditingkatkan dan menampilkan wawasan pengguna kini tersedia untuk seluruh pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS (versi 7.9.0 dan yang lebih baru). Setelah uji A/B sebelumnya menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pembuatan akun pada pengguna yang memiliki akses ke fitur ini, pembaruan tersebut kini diluncurkan kepada 100% pengguna, dan disertai dengan sejumlah penyempurnaan. Tab Aktivitas kini menampilkan artikel-artikel yang telah disunting dalam lini masa, menyajikan wawasan dampak penyuntingan seperti jumlah kontribusi dan tren kunjungan artikel, serta menyediakan opsi penyesuaian untuk meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan aplikasi.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang sebelumnya menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] tidak berfungsi di perangkat seluler kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fungsionalitasnya kembali berjalan sepenuhnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] yang mendukung fitur ini terus dikembangkan. Pembaruan terbaru menambahkan [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|kait baru]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild&lt;/code&gt;, yang dijalankan setiap kali daftar pantauan dibangun ulang. Dengan adanya kait ini, gawai dan skrip pengguna kini dapat dijalankan pada halaman Istimewa tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23 Fèbruari 2026 19.02 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30119102 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Mode Ulang Tahun]] ke-25 Wikipedia kini telah tersedia di Wikipedia bahasa Betawi, Breton, Tionghoa, Ceko, Belanda, Inggris, Prancis, Gorontalo, Indonesia, Italia, Luksemburg, Madura, Sisilia, Spanyol, Thai, dan Vietnam. Fitur kampanye waktu terbatas ini merayakan 25 tahun Wikipedia dengan maskot ulang tahun bernama Baby Globe. Saat diaktifkan, Baby Globe akan muncul di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|sekitar 2.500 artikel]] dan dapat ditemukan oleh para pembaca. Komunitas dapat memilih untuk mengaktifkan Mode Ulang Tahun dengan mencapai konsensus di tingkat komunitas, lalu meminta pengurus untuk mengaktifkan dan menyesuaikan fitur tersebut melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|pengaturan komunitas]] di wiki lokal masing-masing.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Fitur baru [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], yang memungkinkan penggunaan ulang rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Swedia, Polandia, dan [[:phab:T418209|beberapa wiki lainnya]]. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|Fitur ini dapat dicoba]] di proyek-proyek tersebut atau di testwiki dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Pembelajaran dari wiki percontohan pertama, yaitu Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, telah [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|dirilis dalam sebuah laporan]]. Jika [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|berminat untuk menjadi wiki percontohan]], silakan menghubungi tim Wikimedia Deutschland.
* Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') akan tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia pekan ini. Fitur ini menampilkan pengingat kepada pengguna baru yang menempelkan teks ke dalam VisualEditor yang kemungkinan besar bukan hasil tulisan mereka sendiri agar mempertimbangkan risiko pelanggaran hak cipta. Pemeriksaan Tempel juga [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|menandai]] semua suntingan yang memunculkan pengingat tersebut untuk kemungkinan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Pengurus lokal dapat mengatur berbagai aspek fitur ini melalui [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Penelitian]] di 22 wiki menunjukkan bahwa Pemeriksaan Tempel menghasilkan penurunan relatif sebesar 18% pada suntingan yang dibatalkan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Para penerjemah dapat membantu [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&amp;filter=&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate melokalkan] fitur ini dan fitur terkait lainnya.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] akan melakukan standardisasi menu pengguna di pojok kanan atas bagi seluruh pengguna seluler agar lebih selaras dengan pengalaman di desktop. Saat ini, menu tersebut hanya terlihat oleh pengguna yang mengaktifkan Kontrol Seluler Lanjutan (''Advanced Mobile Controls''/AMC). Perubahan yang dilakukan hanya berupa pemindahan beberapa tombol yang sebelumnya berada di menu sisi kiri ke pojok kanan atas bagi pengguna yang tidak mengaktifkan AMC. Perubahan ini dijadwalkan diterapkan pada 9 Maret dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan antarmuka pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912]
* Mulai pekan 2 Maret, surel yang dikirim saat alamat surel pada suatu akun ditambahkan, dihapus, atau diubah akan beralih dari format teks biasa menjadi surel HTML yang tampilannya lebih rapi dan informatif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807]
* Saat ini, setiap pengguna dapat menyimpan hingga 2.000 notifikasi lama, dengan riwayat yang mencakup sejak 2013 ketika fitur ini diperkenalkan. Ke depan, sistem akan diubah sehingga hanya notifikasi dari lima tahun terakhir yang disimpan, tetapi dengan kapasitas yang ditingkatkan hingga 10.000 notifikasi. Penyesuaian ini dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan infrastruktur dalam jangka panjang sekaligus mengurangi kemungkinan notifikasi terbaru hilang lebih cepat dari yang seharusnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami penyempurnaan. Pembaruan terbaru meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan label. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini kini memungkinkan pengaktifan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|sistem pengganti bahasa]] (''language fallback'') untuk butir Wikidata yang tidak memiliki label dalam bahasa yang sedang ditampilkan, dan menampilkan label tersebut dalam bahasa Wikidata pilihan pengguna apabila tidak ada parameter URL &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;uselang=&lt;/code&gt; yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111]
* Tim Wikipedia Android telah memulai uji coba beta fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|pencarian hibrida]] di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani. Fitur pencarian hibrida ini dapat menangani pencarian berdasarkan makna maupun kata kunci, sehingga pembaca dapat menemukan informasi yang dicari secara lebih mudah langsung di Wikipedia.
* Demi meningkatkan keamanan, anggota dari sejumlah kelompok pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Saat ini, 2FA menjadi syarat untuk menggunakan hak akses dalam kelompok tersebut, tetapi belum menjadi syarat untuk tercatat sebagai anggotanya. Karena kebijakan ini masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan, perubahan akan [[phab:T418580|dilakukan secara bertahap mulai bulan Maret]]. Anggota kelompok terkait tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan satu-satunya metode 2FA yang tersisa di akun mereka. Selain itu, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA tidak dapat ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok tersebut. Pengguna tetap dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama minimal satu metode 2FA tetap aktif. Pada paruh kedua bulan Maret, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok ini. Ketentuan ini berlaku untuk pengurus CentralNotice, pemeriksa, pengurus antarmuka, pengawas, staf Wikidata, staf Wikifunctions, WMF Office IT, dan WMF Trust &amp; Safety. Tidak ada perubahan bagi pengguna lainnya. Jadwal pelaksanaan dapat dilihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya menghalangi pengguna untuk membuat sebuah instans (''instance'') di [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], dalam satu bulan ke depan Wikimedia Foundation akan menerapkan pembatasan jumlah permintaan (''rate limit'') API secara global pada seluruh API yang digunakan. Pada awal Maret, batas yang lebih ketat akan diberlakukan untuk permintaan yang tidak teridentifikasi dari luar Toolforge/WMCS dan permintaan API yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diterapkan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin agar dampaknya terhadap komunitas tetap minimal. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* Layanan ''Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment'' (LDF) akan dihentikan pada bulan Februari. Layanan ini hanya melayani lalu lintas yang terbatas, dan penggunaannya telah berhasil dialihkan ke metode akses data lain yang lebih sesuai untuk mendukung kebutuhan yang ada. Perangkat keras yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mendukung layanan LDF akan dialokasikan kembali guna menunjang proses migrasi sistem bagian belakang yang sedang berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696]
* Pengurai Parsoid versi terbaru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|terus diperluas penggunaannya ke berbagai wiki lainnya]]. Penerapan ini mendukung keberlanjutan sistem dan mempermudah pengembangan fitur baru untuk kegiatan membaca dan penyuntingan. Kini, Parsoid telah menjadi pengurai utama di 488 wiki milik Wikimedia Foundation, termasuk 268 edisi Wikipedia. Cakupan tersebut mewakili lebih dari 10% dari total tayangan halaman di seluruh Wikipedia.
* Proses dan kriteria untuk [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|mengajukan akses khusus]] ke umpan data berkapasitas tinggi dari API Wikimedia Enterprise (tanpa biaya untuk penggunaan yang sejalan dengan misi) [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|kini telah dipublikasikan]]. Publikasi ini bertujuan menyediakan dokumentasi yang lebih lengkap dan jelas bagi para pengguna.
* [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], yang selama ini menjadi blog bagi komunitas teknis Wikimedia, [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ akan digabungkan] ke [[diffblog:|Diff]], blog yang memuat berita dan kegiatan komunitas. Proses penggabungan ini ditargetkan rampung pada April 2026. Setelah proses tersebut selesai, kiriman tulisan baru akan kembali dibuka untuk dipublikasikan. Semua tulisan, baik yang lama dan yang baru, tetap dapat dibaca melalui halaman khusus di https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 2 Maret 2026 17.51 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30137798 --&gt;
== This Month in Education: February 2026 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 3 Maret 2026 11.55 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&amp;oldid=30155806 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari uji coba pengalihan peladen pusat data ke peladen cadangan, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|yang dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dialihkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Pengujian ini bertujuan memastikan layanan tetap tersedia dan mengurangi kemungkinan gangguan layanan, termasuk dalam keadaan darurat.
* Pekan lalu, seluruh wiki sempat berada dalam mode hanya-baca selama sekitar dua jam. Selain itu, skrip pengguna dan gawai juga mengalami gangguan lebih lama dari biasanya. Kejadian ini disebabkan oleh sebuah insiden keamanan yang kini telah ditangani. Langkah-langkah untuk mencegah kejadian serupa masih terus dilakukan. Informasi terkini dapat dilihat pada [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|pengumuman di papan pengumuman penatalayan]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|tersedia terjemahan]]).

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Pengguna yang terkena beberapa pemblokiran saat mengakses melalui perangkat seluler kini akan melihat alasan untuk setiap pemblokiran secara terpisah, bukan lagi satu pesan umum. Hal ini membantu pengguna memahami alasan pemblokiran yang mereka alami serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Sebagai contoh, pengguna yang terdampak karena menggunakan VPN umum (seperti [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) akan mendapatkan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai apa yang perlu dilakukan agar dapat kembali menyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118]
* Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] (''Suggestion Mode'') akan tersedia sebagai fitur beta di penyunting visual di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini memberikan berbagai saran tindakan yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk memperbaiki artikel Wikipedia, dan membantu pengguna mempelajari pedoman yang relevan. Pengaturan fitur ini dapat disesuaikan oleh setiap wiki dan juga dapat diperluas dengan menambahkan saran khusus. Pengaturan yang saat ini berlaku dapat dilihat di halaman [[Special:EditChecks]]. Selain itu, tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|panduan bagi pengurus untuk menyesuaikan]] pranala agar mengarah ke pedoman lokal. Mode Saran terhubung dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Pemeriksaan Suntingan]] yang memberikan saran perbaikan ketika seseorang sedang menulis konten baru. Ke depannya, tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') berencana menilai dampak fitur ini terhadap pengguna baru melalui sebuah percobaan terkontrol. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika posisi kursor menjadi tidak selaras saat menggunakan penyorotan sintaks CodeMirror (fitur yang memudahkan pembacaan teks wiki dan kode) kini telah diperbaiki. Masalah ini secara khusus memengaruhi pengguna yang menetapkan aturan jenis huruf dalam lembar gaya tersuai ketika membuat topik baru dengan menggunakan DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Pembaruan pembatasan permintaan API: Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], pembatasan jumlah permintaan API secara global akan mulai diterapkan pada minggu ini. Pembatasan ini berlaku untuk permintaan tanpa User-Agent yang sesuai yang berasal dari luar Toolforge/WMCS, serta untuk permintaan API tanpa autentikasi yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diberlakukan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* API GraphQL yang baru kini telah tersedia. API ini dikembangkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih fleksibel untuk beberapa fitur di Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemudahan bagi pengembang, mendukung fleksibilitas penggunaan, dan mempercepat akses data. Pengguna dipersilakan untuk mencoba API ini dan [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|memberikan masukan]]. Pengembang juga dapat [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply mendaftar untuk mengikuti uji kegunaan].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] melanjutkan peningkatan pada [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] sepanjang Februari. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan kesalahan autentikasi, penanganan berkas berukuran besar, visibilitas antrean tugas, dan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai proses pengunggahan. Sejumlah pekerjaan masih terus berlangsung di beberapa bagian, termasuk perubahan yang berkaitan dengan metode pengunggahan dari sisi peladen yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|kabar terkini]] untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''Lebih lanjut'''
* Tim Panduan Artikel (''Article Guidance'') mengundang penyunting Wikipedia berpengalaman dari sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|wiki percontohan]] dan kontributor yang berminat dari Wikipedia lainnya untuk mengisi angket ini. Angket tersebut tersedia dalam [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform bahasa Inggris], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arab], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Jepang], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portugis], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persia], dan [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turki]. Jawaban yang diberikan akan membantu tim untuk menyesuaikan panduan bagi penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman, sekaligus membantu mereka mempelajari kebijakan dan praktik komunitas saat membuat artikel. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|halaman proyek tersebut]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 9 Maret 2026 18.52 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30213008 --&gt;
== ''The Signpost'': 10 March 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Interview|Bernadette Meehan, new Wikimedia Foundation CEO]]

* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/News and notes|Security testing unleashes computer worm on Meta-wiki]]

* Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Special report|What actually happened during the Wikimedia security incident?]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In the media|Indonesian government blocks Wikimedia logins; archive site scoured from Wikipedia after owner runs malware]]

* Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Recent research|To wiki, perchance to groki]]

* Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Obituary|Madhav Gadgil, Fredrick Brennan, Mark Miller, Chip Berlet]]

* Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Opinion|Interface administrators and trusting trust]]

* Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Technology report|English Wikipedia deprecates archive.today after DDoS against blog, altered content]]

* Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Op-ed|Why is &quot;Trypsin-sensitive photosynthetic activities in chloroplast membranes&quot; cited in &quot;List of tallest buildings in Chicago&quot;?]]

* Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Essay|The pursuit of a button click]]

* In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In focus|Short descriptions: One year later]]

* WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/WikiProject report|Unreferenced articles backlog drive]]

* Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Community view|Speaking of planning ...]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Traffic report|Over the mountain, kissing silver inlaid clouds]]

* Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Crossword|&quot;It will never happen&quot;]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Comix|BRIEn't]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 10 Maret 2026 04.14 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&amp;oldid=30121359 --&gt;
== Books &amp; Bytes – Issue 73 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px&quot;&gt; [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif&quot;&gt;'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books &amp; Bytes''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Issue 73, January–February 2026 &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div style = &quot;margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em&quot;&gt; 
* Four new partnerships
* User survey thanks
&lt;big&gt;'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/January-February 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''&lt;/big&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 11 Maret 2026 12.06 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&amp;oldid=30224864 --&gt;
== ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2026 ==

{| style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;
| valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;&quot; |
{| align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;&gt;[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026|&lt;span style=&quot;color:darkslategray;&quot;&gt;This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue II, February 2026&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

|- style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;&quot;&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;Headlines&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;/span&gt;
|- style=&quot;font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;&quot;
| &lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;&quot;&gt;

* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in 2026 is calling to action!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: A photo safari through Wiki Loves Fashion &amp; a rescue mission with Mission Gourmande!
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library overview of 2025
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Cultural Heritage and Memory: 2026 GLAM Call and Executed Renaissance Edit-a-thon
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students and an update on the NZBSI WiR
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedia in Cultural Marketing at Crash Mondays Warsaw
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: February in Wikimedia Serbia
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata in the GLAM context II
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Neocomensia, SAPA, Atelier Winterthur, GLAM-on-Tour Disentis
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New content in African and Asian languages
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Focus on Indigenous issues
* [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events
&lt;/div&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &amp;bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Single|Single-page]]
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;&quot; |
To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]].
|-
|}
|}
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Maret 2026 00.51 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&amp;oldid=30232291 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], telah digunakan untuk penyorotan sintaks teks wiki sejak November 2024. Fitur ini direncanakan keluar dari status beta pada Mei 2026 agar berbagai perbaikan dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|fitur]] baru dapat digunakan oleh semua penyunting yang memakai penyorot sintaks standar. Jika terdapat pertanyaan atau masukan terkait rencana penghapusan status beta pada fitur ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|silakan disampaikan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Sebagian perubahan pada kelompok pengguna lokal dilakukan oleh penatalayan di Meta-Wiki dan sebelumnya hanya dicatat di sana. Kini, perubahan hak pengguna lintas wiki akan dicatat di Meta-Wiki dan di wiki tempat pengguna tersebut berada. Langkah ini memudahkan penelusuran riwayat lengkap perubahan hak pengguna di wiki lokal. Catatan perubahan yang terjadi sebelumnya juga akan ditambahkan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055]
* Pada wiki yang menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], jumlah perubahan tertunda yang ditampilkan di halaman [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] sebelumnya juga menghitung halaman yang sebenarnya sudah tidak menunggu peninjauan. Hal ini terjadi karena halaman tersebut telah dihapus dari sistem tanpa melalui proses peninjauan, misalnya karena dihapus, dipindahkan ke ruang nama lain, atau akibat perubahan konfigurasi wiki. Kini, jumlah yang ditampilkan telah diperbaiki sehingga lebih akurat. Di beberapa wiki, angka yang terlihat mungkin jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan sebelumnya. Daftar halaman yang ditampilkan seharusnya tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016]
* Bahasa komposisi yang digunakan di Wikifunctions telah ditulis ulang dan menghasilkan versi bahasa yang baru. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kestabilan layanan dengan mengurangi penggunaan memori pada orkestrator. Selain itu, pembaruan ini juga memungkinkan pengurangan waktu tunda secara signifikan, penyederhanaan kode, dan penerapan abstraksi yang lebih baik. Perubahan tersebut membuka peluang bagi pengembangan fitur baru pada tahap berikutnya. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|pembaruan ini]] dapat dibaca pada penjelasan yang tersedia.
* Pengguna kini dapat mengurutkan hasil pencarian secara alfabetis berdasarkan judul halaman. Pembaruan ini menambahkan opsi baru yang dapat membantu menemukan halaman dengan lebih mudah dan cepat. Sebelumnya, hasil pencarian hanya dapat diurutkan berdasarkan tanggal penyuntingan, tanggal pembuatan, atau tingkat relevansi. Untuk menggunakan opsi baru ini, buka menu &quot;Pencarian lanjutan&quot; pada halaman hasil pencarian, lalu pilih &quot;Alfabetis&quot; pada bagian &quot;Urutan pengurutan&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang sebelumnya membuat UploadWizard di Wikimedia Commons tidak dapat mengimpor berkas dari Flickr kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263]
'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Sebuah halaman istimewa baru, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], telah dibuat untuk menampilkan daftar halaman yang ditransklusikan dan ditandai memiliki galat pemeriksaan kode (''lint''). Halaman ini membantu pengguna menemukan kesalahan tersebut dengan lebih mudah. Daftar yang ditampilkan akan diurutkan berdasarkan jumlah transklusi yang mengandung galat. Contohnya dapat dilihat pada halaman [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874]
* Pengguna fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai pengganti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman berisi JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua sejak beberapa waktu terakhir. Seiring dengan rencana mengeluarkan CodeMirror 6 dari status beta, CodeEditor juga direncanakan akan digantikan sebagai penyunting standar untuk jenis konten tersebut pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Masukan atau tanggapan tentang rencana ini sangat dipersilakan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* Modul JavaScript [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] akan segera diperbarui ke CodeMirror 6. Menjelang pembaruan tersebut, pemuatan modul &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror&lt;/code&gt; atau &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.lib&lt;/code&gt; dari gawai dan skrip pengguna telah dinyatakan usang sejak Juli 2025. Penggunaan kait &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.switch&lt;/code&gt; juga telah dinyatakan usang sejak Maret 2025. Kontributor kini dapat menyesuaikan skrip atau gawai mereka agar kompatibel dengan CodeMirror 6. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|panduan migrasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720]
* Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang memperluas cakupan definisi modul REST API agar juga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|API dari ekstensi]]. Modul REST API merupakan kelompok titik akhir yang saling berkaitan dan dapat dikelola serta diberi versi secara mandiri. Saat ini, modul tersebut sudah tersedia untuk API [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] dan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions]. Seiring dengan pemindahan API ekstensi ke struktur ini, dokumentasinya akan dipindahkan dari spesifikasi utama MediaWiki OpenAPI dan tampilan REST Sandbox. Selanjutnya, dokumentasi tersebut dapat diakses melalui opsi khusus modul pada menu tarik turun di [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (yaitu di [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], yang tersedia di semua proyek wiki).
* Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] menyediakan berbagai informasi tentang wiki tempat modul digunakan melalui pustaka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]]. Sejak pekan lalu, pustaka tersebut juga menyediakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|cara]] untuk mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|ID wiki]]. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan pemeliharaan modul yang digunakan di berbagai wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''Lebih lanjut'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2026]], yang merayakan berbagai perkakas terbaik yang dikembangkan oleh komunitas, kini telah membuka proses nominasi. Nominasi untuk perkakas favorit dapat diajukan melalui [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en formulir survei nominasi] paling lambat 23 Maret 2026. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai privasi dan pengelolaan data dapat dilihat pada [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|pernyataan privasi survei]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 16 Maret 2026 19.35 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30260505 --&gt;
== Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]].

We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community.
* Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently &lt;code&gt;&quot;:n&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, e.g. &lt;code&gt;&quot;:0&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;&quot;:1&quot;&lt;/code&gt;...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&quot;book_reference-1&quot;&lt;/code&gt;).
* Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name.
* Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation).
* Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. &quot;title&quot; or &quot;last&quot;+&quot;first&quot;) – defined by the community.

=== Feedback ===
[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]].

'''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism.
We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic.

Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings.

Thank you for participating!&lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|parembugan]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 19 Maret 2026 11.15 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&amp;oldid=30281362 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat masuk log ke akun mereka tanpa menggunakan kata sandi melalui penggunaan kunci sandi (''passkey''). Metode ini merupakan cara yang aman dan didukung oleh autentikasi seperti sidik jari, pengenalan wajah, atau PIN. Dengan adanya perubahan ini, semua pengguna yang memilih masuk log tanpa kata sandi akan merasakan proses yang lebih mudah, lebih cepat, dan lebih aman saat mengakses akun mereka dari berbagai perangkat. Opsi masuk menggunakan kunci sandi saat ini ditampilkan sebagai saran pengisian otomatis pada kolom nama pengguna. Dalam waktu dekat, [[phab:T417120|tombol tambahan &quot;Masuk log dengan kunci sandi&quot;]] juga akan tersedia bagi pengguna yang telah mendaftarkan kunci sandi mereka sebelumnya. Pembaruan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keamanan sekaligus memberikan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih baik. [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|Rekaman layar]] yang disertakan memperlihatkan proses masuk log tanpa kata sandi secara bertahap, langkah demi langkah.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan dalam rangka pengujian pencadangan melalui pengalihan peladen pusat data (''datacenter server switchover'') yang [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan tersebut, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dipindahkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Langkah ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketersediaan layanan sekaligus memastikan bahwa layanan tetap dapat berjalan tanpa gangguan, bahkan dalam situasi darurat.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat mengekspor notifikasi mereka yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun dengan menggunakan sebuah [[toolforge:echo-chamber|perkakas baru di Toolforge]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk tetap menyimpan notifikasi penting mereka, sekaligus menghindari risiko terhapusnya notifikasi tersebut seiring rencana penghapusan notifikasi yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun, sebagaimana telah diumumkan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* Para penyunting Wikipedia dalam bahasa Indonesia, Thai, Turki, dan Simple English kini memiliki akses ke Special:PersonalDashboard. Fitur ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|versi awal dari sebuah pengalaman]] yang dirancang untuk memperkenalkan alur kerja patroli kepada penyunting yang lebih baru, sehingga mereka dapat beralih secara lebih mudah dari sekadar melakukan suntingan menuju keterlibatan dalam tugas moderasi yang lebih lanjut di proyek mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647]
* Halaman [[Special:Block]] kini mengalami dua perubahan kecil pada antarmukanya. Pengurus kini dapat dengan lebih mudah menetapkan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu melalui tombol pilihan (''radio button'') khusus yang tersedia pada bagian masa berlaku. Selain itu, ketika masa berlaku tanpa batas dipilih, akan muncul kumpulan alasan umum yang berbeda untuk dipilih, yang dapat disesuaikan melalui halaman [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823]
* Para penyunting seluler [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|di beberapa wiki]] kini dapat melihat peringatan penyuntingan dalam keadaan belum masuk log (''logged-out'') yang telah ditingkatkan, berkat pembaruan terbaru dari tim Pertumbuhan. Perubahan yang dirilis pada pekan lalu ini merupakan bagian dari upaya dan pengujian yang berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|pembuatan akun di perangkat seluler]], dan mendorong peningkatan partisipasi pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:36}} {{PLURAL:36|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, galat yang sebelumnya menyebabkan pengguna web seluler tidak dapat melihat informasi pemblokiran ketika mereka terdampak oleh beberapa pemblokiran sekaligus kini telah diperbaiki. Kini, saat mengakses Wikipedia, mereka dapat melihat pesan dari seluruh pemblokiran yang sedang berlaku terhadap akun atau alamat IP mereka.

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* Citra yang dibangun menggunakan Toolforge dalam waktu dekat akan mendapatkan pembaruan versi ''buildpacks'' (kumpulan skrip dan konfigurasi untuk membangun aplikasi secara otomatis), yang menghadirkan dukungan bagi versi bahasa pemrograman yang lebih baru serta berbagai peningkatan dan perbaikan dari sumber pengembang utama (''upstream''). Jika menggunakan Toolforge Build Service, disarankan untuk meninjau surel terbaru dari [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ milis cloud-announce] dan memperbarui konfigurasi ''build'' sesuai kebutuhan, guna memastikan bahwa perkakas yang digunakan tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan tersebut. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&amp;oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127]

* Wiki dokumentasi [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] akan ditutup pada Juni 2026. Kunci API yang dibuat melalui API Portal akan tetap berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Titik akhir api.wikimedia.org akan dihentikan secara bertahap mulai Juli 2026. Dokumentasi yang sebelumnya tersedia di API Portal sedang dipindahkan ke [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dipelajari melalui [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek]] yang tersedia.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''Lebih lanjut'''
* Tim [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] (inisiatif dari Wikimedia Deutschland yang berfokus pada pengembangan fitur berdasarkan kebutuhan teknis komunitas) tengah mempertimbangkan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|penamaan referensi yang dihasilkan secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Para pengguna dipersilakan untuk meninjau [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solusi yang diusulkan]] serta berpartisipasi dalam proses [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|permintaan tanggapan]] yang sedang berlangsung.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23 Maret 2026 16.50 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30268305 --&gt;
== &lt;span lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Berita Teknis: 2026-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;id&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia.

'''Sorotan mingguan'''
* Versi Beta dari [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]], proyek baru Wikimedia yang tidak terikat dengan bahasa, telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. Proyek ini memungkinkan berbagai komunitas untuk menyusun artikel Wikipedia dalam bahasa asli mereka, yang kemudian dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh pengguna lain dalam bahasa masing-masing. Wiki ini dijalankan melalui serangkaian instruksi dari Wikifunctions, dan didukung oleh konten terstruktur yang berasal dari Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Baca selengkapnya]].

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor'''
* Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang menjalankan uji A/B untuk mengevaluasi pesan yang lebih jelas dan ramah pengguna dalam mendorong pembuatan akun di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, ketika pengguna seluler yang belum masuk log mulai melakukan penyuntingan, mereka akan dihadapkan pada pesan peringatan yang terasa mendadak dan dapat mengurangi minat untuk melanjutkan kontribusi. Selain itu, kondisi ini juga menjadikan penyuntingan dengan akun sementara sebagai pilihan bawaan, alih-alih mendorong pengguna untuk membuat akun. Uji coba ini berlangsung di sepuluh Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Spanyol, dan Jerman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Baca selengkapnya]].
* Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Apps'') mengundang Anda untuk memberi masukan mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|cara proses penyuntingan seharusnya bekerja di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia]]. Diskusi ini berfokus pada upaya meningkatkan cara pengguna mengakses berbagai alat penyuntingan saat mereka mengetuk tombol &quot;Sunting&quot;. Inisiatif ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk mengarahkan para pembaca yang mulai tertarik menyunting agar dapat menemukan jalur yang lebih ramah pengguna ketika mereka mulai berkontribusi.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:45}} {{PLURAL:45|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah ketika pengambilan sitasi dari arsip surat kabar besar [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] tidak lagi berfungsi, akibat adanya pemblokiran pada permintaan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]], kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903]

'''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahkan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 30 Maret 2026 19.25 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=30329462 --&gt;
== ''The Signpost'': 31 March 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/In the media|AI ban, newspapers disrupt archiving; and antisemitism complaints]]

* Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Community view|Videos from WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC]]

* Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Disinformation report|Cleaning up after Jeffrey Epstein, Peter Nygard, and Mohamed Al-Fayed]]

* WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/WikiConference report|WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC review]]

* Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Obituary|Dr. Subas Chandra Rout]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Traffic report|Call in the dogs of war, soldier of fortune]]

* Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Gallery|Canadian Rangers participate in Operation ''Enduring Encyclopedia'']]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Comix|n00bsitting]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 31 Maret 2026 10.08 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&amp;oldid=30329870 --&gt;
== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&amp;oldid=28552112 --&gt;

== This Month in Education: March 2026 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia &amp; Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia &amp; Libraries: Building New Contributors]]

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 1 April 2026 10.21 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&amp;oldid=30317659 --&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="30649" sha1="dp6asmu6215wg41zok3vmqu6zyvby6i" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox religious biography|name={{PAGENAME}}|honorific-suffix=&lt;!-- Hanya gelar kehormatan/kenegaraan (non-akademis) --&gt;|image=Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas.png|image_size=|other_names=Yazid Jawas, Yazid bin Abdil Qadir Jawas|caption=Yazid bin Abdil Qadir Jawas di [[Lampung]], 2020|birth_name=Yazid|birth_date={{birth year and age|1963}}|birth_place=[[Karanganyar, Kebumen]], [[Jawa Tengah]], Indonesia|death_date=11 Juli 2024|death_place=Bogor|death_cause=Sakit|occupation={{hlist|[[Ustaz]]|penulis}}|title=|predecessor=|successor=|party=|religion=[[Islam]]|denomination=[[Sunni]]|spouse=|partner=|children=|relations=|alma_mater=[[Universitas Islam Imam Muhammad bin Saud]]&lt;ref name=yazid1/&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Islam dan Arab]]|website=|footnotes=|known_for=Pembina [[Radio Rodja]] dan Pondok Pesantren Minhajus Sunnah Bogor|influences=[[Muhammad bin Shalih al-Utsaimin]]|movement=[[Salafiyah]]}}

'''Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas''', Lc. (lair 1963, séda 11 Juli 2024&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotodakwah.com/2024/07/innalilahi-wa-inna-ilaihi-rajiun-telah.html|title=innalilahi wa Inna ilaihi Raji'un, telah meninggal dunia Ustad Yazid Bin Abdul Qadir Jawas tanggal 11 Juli 2024|date=2024-07-11|website=Foto Dakwah|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711072322/https://www.fotodakwah.com/2024/07/innalilahi-wa-inna-ilaihi-rajiun-telah.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;) ya iku sastrawan, dhosen, ustaz, lan ''pendakwah'' [[Sunni]] saka Indonésia. Ing Indonesia, ceramah Yazid asring digandhengake karo gerakan [[Salafiyah]] ultra-konservatif.&lt;ref name=&quot;yazid1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uloom.id/speaker/yazid-bin-abdul-qadir-jawas/|title=Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas - Dalam Mendakwahkan Sunnah|website=Uloom Indonesia|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-08-16|archive-date=2023-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404220648/https://uloom.id/speaker/yazid-bin-abdul-qadir-jawas/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dhèwèké uga misuwur nulis buku agama [[Islam]] ing [[Basa Indhonésia|basa Indonésia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fajar.co.id/2021/05/31/ini-sosok-ustaz-yazid-jawas-ternyata-bukan-sembarang-ustaz/|title=Ini Sosok Ustaz Yazid Jawas, Ternyata Bukan Sembarang Ustaz!|last=Hamka|date=2021-05-31|website=FAJAR|language=id-ID|access-date=2022-08-16|archive-date=2023-04-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405024131/https://fajar.co.id/2021/05/31/ini-sosok-ustaz-yazid-jawas-ternyata-bukan-sembarang-ustaz/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ceramah-ceramahe kang dianggep kontrovèrsial iku ateges Yazid kerep nampa kritik saka sapérangan umat Islam Indonésia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/jaringan-dakwah-salafi-wahabi-di-bogor-ckeK|title=Jaringan Dakwah Salafi/Wahabi di Bogor|last=Salam|first=Fahri|website=tirto.id|language=id|access-date=2022-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Urip awal ==
Nalika miwiti pendhidhikan, Yazid kacathet minangka lulusan LIPIA lan dadi murid saka Abdur Razaq bin Abdul Muhsin al-Abbad, profesor saka Universitas Islam Madinah.&lt;ref name=&quot;الباب الثالث تفسري آية الكرسي عندحسني انفارين ويزيد عبد القدير جواس&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Zakrin Roya Anna|date=2017|editor-first=Saif|title=Interpretation of Ayat al-Kursi according to Hosni Anvarin al-Banjari and Yazid Abd Al-Qadir Jawas Al-Buguri|url=https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/16773/6/BAB%20III.pdf|language=Ar|publisher=Antasari State Islamic University Banjarmasin (Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin - Kampus I); [[Banjarmasin]]|page=13|access-date=23 November 2023|quote=2.يزيد عبدالقدير جواس يزيد عبد القادر جواس هو مبلغيف إندونيسي،املعروف أنه منتبه جدا يف نشر السنة.وهو خريج من ليبا(LIPIA)جاكرات وطالب يف الربوفيسور الدكتور الشيخ عبد الرزاق(ُماضر الدين يف اجلامعة اإلسالمية يف املدينة املنورة).18 ولديزيد عبد القادر جواسيفكاراْنانري (Karanganyar)،كيبومن(Kebumen)،جاوة الوسطى،149م يزيدعبدالقادرجواسلهعالقةطالببعاملامسهالشيخدمحمبنصاحلالعثيمني.كمامسُح}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yazid uga dikenal sinau karo Muhammad bin Shalih al-Utsaimin, ulama [[Sunni]] saka [[Mekah]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fotodakwah.com/2021/10/biografi-ustad-yazid-bin-abdul-qodir.html|title=Biografi Ustad Yazid Bin Abdul Qodir Jawas|website=Foto Dakwah|access-date=2022-08-16|archive-date=2023-04-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404161556/https://www.fotodakwah.com/2021/10/biografi-ustad-yazid-bin-abdul-qodir.html|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yazid uga kacarita wis nguwasani kitab ''Bulughul Maram'' anggitane [[Ibnu Hajar Al 'Asqalani|Ibnu Hajar]], sing nalika iku diklaim mung sawetara wong sing bisa nguwasani kitab iki.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ayat-kursi.com/2017/01/siapa-sebenarnya-ustadz-yazid-bin-abdul.html|title=Siapa Sebenarnya Ustadz Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas?|language=id|access-date=2022-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://biografi-tokoh-ternama.blogspot.com/2018/11/biografi-ustadz-yazid-bin-abdul-qadir-jawas.html|title=Biografi Ustadz Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas - BIOGRAFI TOKOH TERNAMA|website=Biografi Ustadz Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas - BIOGRAFI TOKOH TERNAMA|access-date=2022-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kegiatan ==
Yazid saiki mbangun [[Pesantrèn|Pondok Pesantren]] ing [[Dramaga, Bogor|wilayah Dramaga, Bogor]], yaiku Pondok Pesantren Minhajus Sunnah.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dar al-Islam institue&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://islamhouse.com/ar/author/8466/|title=2006|date=2006|website=Yazid ibn Abd al-Qadir Jawas / يزيد عبد القادر جواس|publisher=Dar al-Islam association; Riyadh|access-date=23 November 2023|quote=وله معهد علمي في إندونيسيا المسمى بمعهد منهاج السنة.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kejaba sibuk karo kegiatan piwulangan kanggo [[Santri|para santri]] ing pesantren, dhèwèké uga aktif dadi narasumber ing Radio Rodja lan menehi pengajian rutin lan tabligh akbar ing maneka warna kutha ing Indonesia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/dakwah/article/download/12066/pdf|title=Radio Rodja: Kontestasi Ideologi Salafi di Ranah Siaran|website=journal.uinjkt.ac.id|access-date=2023-06-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yazid uga akeh nulis buku agama Islam ing [[Basa Indhonésia|basa Indonesia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Safi'i|first=Mochamad Nur|date=2020-08-18|title=Konsep tauhid salafi dalam Buku Mulia dengan manhaj salaf karya Yazid Bin Abdul Qadir Jawaz: analisis Hermeneutika Hans-Georg Gadamer|url=https://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/44829/|dead-url=yes|language=en|publisher=UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809055524/https://digilib.uinsby.ac.id/44829/|archive-date=2022-08-09|access-date=2022-08-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kritikus ==
Yazid dipuntudhuh déning sapérangan umat Islam Indonésia minangka penganut aliran Islam puritan lan asring dipunsebat [[Wahhabisme|Wahhabi]] . Para kritikus Yazid cenderung nyebut dhèwèké minangka pengikut sekte Islam sing puritan, kasar lan ketat banget.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://populis.id/read17308/ustaz-yazid-yang-mengharamkan-bedug-ternyata-orang-wahabi|title=Ustaz Yazid Yang Mengharamkan Bedug, Ternyata Orang Wahabi?|last=Populis|website=Populis|language=id|access-date=2022-09-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompasiana.com/generasi/54f99c92a33311d7588b4a32/tablig-akbar-yazid-jawas-di-samarinda-dihadang-gerakan-nasional-anti-kekerasan-intoleransigenerasi|title=Tablig Akbar Yazid Jawas di Samarinda Dihadang Gerakan Nasional Anti Kekerasan &amp; Intoleransi-Generasi-|last=Kompasiana.com|date=2014-06-27|website=KOMPASIANA|language=id|access-date=2022-09-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iki bisa uga amarga Yazid nentang sikap ''taqlid'' sing miturut dhèwèké nyebabake akeh karusakan kanggo umat Islam Indonesia. Nanging, saklompok Muslim uga ngalem Yazid lan disebut wong sing pinter lan dhuwur kawruh.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Alifah|first=Nurul Faizatul|date=2019|title=Penafsiran Kelompok Salafi terhadap Ayat-Ayat Tauhid (Studi Tokoh Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas Syarh ‘Aqidah Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama’ah)|url=http://repository.iainkudus.ac.id/4605/|language=en|publisher=IAIN Kudus}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Salah sawijining bukune, ''Mulia karo Manhaj Salaf'', nyebabake kontroversi ing Indonesia. Pendiri Front Pembela Islam lan dosen Islam Indonesia, [[Habib Rizieq|Rizieq Shihab]] ngritik buku iki. Rizieq Shihab uga mratelakake yen Indonesia, Malaysia lan Brunei minangka negara sing mayoritas pendhudhuke nganut agama Asy'ari, uga kudu duwe undang-undang sing nglarang panyebaran Wahhabisme.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.islamtimes.org/vdcbsgbfwrhbfgp.qnur.html|title=Habib Rizieq Syihab Larang Wahabi di Indonesia|date=12 December 2013|work=Islam Times|access-date=10 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215050621/http://www.islamtimes.org/vdcbsgbfwrhbfgp.qnur.html|archive-date=15 December 2013|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Karyo ==

# {{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/957349905|title=Prinsip dasar Islam: menurut al-Qur-an dan as-sunnah yang shahih|last=Jawas|first=Yazid bin Abdul Qadir|date=2005|publisher=Pustaka al-Taqwa|isbn=979-96628-4-2|language=id|trans-title=The basic principles of Islam: according to the authentic Al-Qur'an and As-Sunna|oclc=957349905}}
# {{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/949718641|title=Mulia dengan Manhaj Salaf|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2008|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=978-979-16611-3-3|language=id|trans-title=exalted with Manhaj Salaf|oclc=949718641}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://ibnumajjah.files.wordpress.com/2017/10/dzikir-petang-slide.pdf|title=Dzikir pagi dan petang dan sesudah shalat fardhu menurut Al-Qur'an dan As-Sunnah yang shahih|last=Jawas|first=Yazid bin Abdul Qadir|date=2005|publisher=Pustaka Imam asy-Syafi'i|isbn=979-3536-32-2|location=Bogor|language=id|trans-title=Morning and evening dhikr and after obligatory prayers according to the authentic Qur'an and As-Sunna}}
# {{Cite book|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/949744119|title=Syarah Aqidah Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'a|last=Jawas|first=Yazid Abdul Qadir|date=2012|publisher=Pustaka Imam As-Syafi'i|isbn=978-979-3536-64-4|language=id|oclc=949744119}}
# {{Cite book|title=Jihad: Dalam Syariat Islam dan Penerapannya di Masa Kini|last=Jawas|first=Yazid bin Abdul Qadir|date=2015|publisher=Pustaka Asy-Syafi'i|isbn=978-602-9183-93-1|language=id|trans-title=Jihad: In Islamic Sharia and Its Application in the Present}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=22435|title=Syarah kitab tauhid : memahami dan merealisasikan tauhid dalam kehidupan|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=9786029183993|language=id|trans-title=explanation of the book of monotheism: understanding and realizing monotheism in life|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711144812/https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=22435|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=22452|title=penjelasan arba'in an-nawawi : Memuat 42 hadits nabi Muhammad SAW tentang fondasi ajaran Islam dan faedah-faedahnya|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=978-602-8062-80-0|language=id|trans-title=Arba'in an-nawawi's explanation: Contains 42 hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH about the foundation of Islamic teachings and their benefits|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712045120/https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=22452|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=24272|title=Birrul walidain : berbakti kepada kedua orang tua|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=9786029183856|language=id|trans-title=Birrul walidain: devoted to both parents|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074704/https://inlislite.uin-suska.ac.id/opac/detail-opac?id=24272|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS6.INLIS000000000005208?widget=1#holdings|title=Kedudukan As-Sunnah dalam Syariat Islam|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2005|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=9789799662859|language=id|trans-title=The Position of As-Sunnah in Islamic Sharia}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS6.INLIS000000000005789?widget=1|title=Tauhid Jalan Menuju Keadilan dan Kemakmuran|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2008|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=9789792658637|language=id|trans-title=Monotheism is the Path to Justice and Prosperity}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS13001.slims-20880?widget=1#holdings|title=Hukum,Lagu, Musik dan Nasyd|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2015|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789792658316|language=id|trans-title=Law, Songs, Music and Nasheed}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS13473.INLIS000000000010321?widget=1|title=Zadul Ma'ad|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|isbn=9789792658316|language=id|trans-title=[[Zad al-Ma'ad]]}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS6.INLIS000000000005199?widget=1|title=Taubat &amp; Do`a Pelebur Dosa|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2005|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|language=id|trans-title=Repentance and Prayer for Sin Removal}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS13916.BHATT-00000000063927?widget=1|title=Syarah rukun Islam|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2008|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=9789792658484|language=id|trans-title=Explanation of the pillars of Islam}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS1.INLIS000000000267936?widget=1|title=[Jihad] : kedudukan jihad dalam syariat Islam|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2007|publisher=Pustaka Al-Ilmu|language=id|trans-title=[Jihad]: the position of jihad in Islamic law}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS13438.INLIS000000000027917?widget=1|title=Sebaik-baik amal adalah Sholat|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2007|publisher=penerbit at-Taqwa|isbn=9789799662880|language=id|trans-title=The best deed is prayer}}
# {{Cite book|url=http://senayan.iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=6525|title=Takwa : Jalan Menuju Sukses Abadi (Surga disediakan bagi Orang Bertakwa)|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2009|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=97897916611164|language=id|trans-title=Taqwa: The Path to Eternal Success (Heaven is prepared for the Pious)}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
# {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS13503.INLIS000000000005271?widget=1#holdings|title=Ritual Sunnah Setahun.Panduan Amalan Pribadi Muslim 24 Jam|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2012|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|language=id|trans-title=Sunnah Rituals for a Year. 24 Hour Muslim Personal Practice Guide}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://onesearch.id/Record/IOS14730.INLIS000000000009532?widget=1|title=Tauba kewajiba seumur hidup|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2012|publisher=Pustaka Khazanah Fawa'id|language=id|trans-title=Repentance is a lifelong obligation}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://catalog.umj.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=49436|title=Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar ; Menurut Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2017|publisher=Depok Fathan Prima Media|isbn=978-979-16611-8-8|language=id|trans-title=[[Enjoining good and forbidding wrong]]; According to Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074649/https://catalog.umj.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=49436|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=326|title=Ar Rasail Jilid 1 : Kumpulan Risalah, Aqidah, Fiqih, dan Hukum|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2013|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=978-979-26-5872-9|language=id|trans-title=Ar Rasail Volume 1: Collection of Treatises, Aqidah, Fiqh, and Law|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711080215/https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=326|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=327|title=Ar Rasail Jilid 2 : Kumpulan Risalah, Aqidah, Fiqih, dan Hukum|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2013|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=978-979-26-5864-4|language=id|trans-title=Ar Rasail Volume 2: Collection of Treatises, Aqidah, Fiqh, and Law|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711080212/https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=327|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=328|title=Ar Rasail Jilid 3 : Kumpulan Risalah, Aqidah, Fiqih, dan Hukum|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=978-979-26-5865-1|language=id|trans-title=Ar Rasail Volume 3: Collection of Treatises, Aqidah, Fiqh, and Law|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711080207/https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=328|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=329|title=Ar Rasail Jilid 4 : Kumpulan Risalah, Aqidah, Fiqih, dan Hukum|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=978-979-26-5871-2|language=id|trans-title=Ar Rasail Volume 4: Collection of Treatises, Aqidah, Fiqh, and Law|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711080217/https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=329|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=1124|title=Konsekuensi Cinta Kepada Nabi Muhammad|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|publisher=PustakaAttaqwa|isbn=978-979-1661-24-9|language=id|trans-title=Consequences of Love for the Prophet Muhammad|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711080158/https://perpustakaan.pangkalpinangkota.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=1124|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan-dpk.sulselprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=41459|title=Sifat wudhu dan shalat Nabi|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2017|publisher=Pustaka Imam Asy-Syafi|isbn=978-602-9183-76-4|language=id|trans-title=The nature of ablution and prayer of the Prophet}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
# {{Cite book|url=https://katalogarpusdakotategal.perpusnas.go.id/detail-opac?id=36050&amp;tipe=koleksi|title=Hikmah dibalik musibah dan ruqyah syar'iyyah : do'a-do'a dan pengobatan terhadap sihir, guna-guna dan penyakit-penyakit lainnya|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2009|publisher=Pustaka Imam Asy-Syafi|isbn=978-602-8062-22-0|language=id|trans-title=The wisdom behind disasters and ruqyah syar'iyyah: prayers and treatment for magic, witchcraft and other diseases}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
# {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Hmt-cpCRkBAC&amp;hl=id&amp;source=gbs_navlinks_s|title=Do'a &amp; Wirid Mengobati Guna-Guna dan Sihir Menurut al-Quran dan as-Sunnah|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Niaga Swadaya|isbn=9789793536187|language=id|trans-title=Prayer and Wirid: Treating Witchcraft and Magic According to the Qur'an and as-Sunnah}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13089004-pokok-pokok-aqidah-ahlus-sunnah-wal-jamaah|title=Pokok-pokok Aqidah Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2001|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|language=id|trans-title=Pokok-pokok Aqidah Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah|format=paperback}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/44010214-waktumu-dihabiskan-untuk-apa|title=Waktumu, Dihabiskan Untuk Apa?|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2014|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789791661317|language=id|trans-title=What is your time spent on?|format=paperback}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/36414587-wasiat-nabi-kepada-ibnu-abbas|title=Wasiat Nabi ﷺ kepada Ibnu Abbas رضي الله عنها|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2014|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789792658279|language=id|trans-title=The Prophet ﷺ's will to Ibn Abbas may Allah bless him|format=paperback}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/59950608-istiqamah-konsekuensi-konsisten-menetapi-jalan-ketaatan|title=Istiqamah, Konsekuensi &amp; Konsisten Menetapi Jalan Ketaatan|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2014|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789791661324|language=id|trans-title=Istiqamah, Consequences &amp; Consistently Following the Path of Obedience|format=paperback}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/140360047-menuntut-ilmu-jalan-menuju-surga|title=Menuntut Ilmu Jalan Menuju Surga|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2008|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789799662873|language=id|trans-title=Seeking Knowledge of the Way to Heaven|format=paperback}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/10862744-panduan-shalat-jum-at|title=Panduan Shalat Jum'at|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2007|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789791661102|language=id|trans-title=Friday Prayer Guide|format=paperback}}
# {{Cite book|url=http://senayan.iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=7070|title=Syarah Rukun Islam 2; Shalat|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2010|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|language=id|trans-title=Explanation of Pillars of Islam 2; Prayer|format=paperback}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
# {{Cite book|url=https://balaiyanpus.jogjaprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=296416|title=JANGAN DEKATI ZINA|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=978-979-16612-5-6|language=id|trans-title=DO NOT APPROACH ADULTERY|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711200410/https://balaiyanpus.jogjaprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=296416|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://elibrary.uika-bogor.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=12303|title=Tauhid : Jalan Kebahagiaan, Keselamatan &amp; Keberkahan Dunia-Akhirat|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2011|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=978-979-26-5835-4|language=id|trans-title=Monotheism: The Path to Happiness, Safety &amp; Blessings in the World and the Hereafter|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074651/https://elibrary.uika-bogor.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=12303|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://balaiyanpus.jogjaprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=297018|title=7 Wasiat Nabi Kepada Abu Dzarr|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=978-979-16611-2-6|language=id|trans-title=7 Testaments of the Prophet to Abu Dharr|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711093212/https://balaiyanpus.jogjaprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=297018|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://inlislite.dispustaka.sumselprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=38576|title=Adab &amp; akhlak Penuntut Ilmu|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2016|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=978-979-16612-2-5|language=id|trans-title=Manners &amp; morals for students of knowledge|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074650/https://inlislite.dispustaka.sumselprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=38576|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://katalogdisarpuspematangsiantar.perpusnas.go.id/detail-opac?id=22687&amp;tipe=koleksi|title=Pengertian Syahadat Menurut Aqidah Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Pustaka Khazanah Fawa'id|isbn=978-602-61392-4-5|language=id|trans-title=Understanding the Creed according to the aqidah of Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jamaah}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
# {{Cite book|url=https://katalogdisarpuspematangsiantar.perpusnas.go.id/detail-opac?id=22810&amp;tipe=koleksi|title=Hadiah istimewa menuju keluarga sakinah|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Pustaka Khazanah Fawa'id|isbn=978-602-5806-00-1|language=id|trans-title=A special gift to a Sakina family}}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
# {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan-dpk.sulselprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=43498|title=Jihad Dalam Syariat Islam dan Perkembangannya di Masa Kini|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2015|publisher=Pustaka Imam Syafi'i|isbn=978-602-9183-93-1|language=id|trans-title=Jihad in Islamic Sharia and its Development in the Present}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
# {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan-dpk.sulselprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=43498|title=Doa dan hiburan : Bagi orang sakit dan terkena musibah|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2005|publisher=Pustaka Imam Syafi'i|isbn=979-3536-34-9|language=id|trans-title=Prayer and consolation: For people who are sick and affected by disaster}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
# {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan-dpk.sulselprov.go.id/opac/detail-opac?id=43498|title=Dunia Ini Adalah Tempat Cobaan dan Ujian|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2005|publisher=Pustaka Imam Syafi'i|isbn=979-3536-34-9|language=id|trans-title=Prayer and consolation: For people who are sick and affected by disaster}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
# {{Cite book|url=https://opac.ubpkarawang.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=148&amp;keywords=|title=Dunia Lebih Jelek Daripada Bangkai Kambing|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=Pustaka at-Taqwa|isbn=978-979-1661-34-8|language=id|trans-title=The World Is Uglier Than A Goat's Carcass}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
# {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.stain-madina.ac.id/library/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=529&amp;keywords=|title=Sifat Wudhu' Nabi Shallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam: Definisi, Kedudukan, Keutamaan, Tata cara, Syarat, Adab, serta Pembatal Wudhu', dll|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2008|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|isbn=978-979-26-5858-3|language=id|trans-title=The nature of the ablution of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam: definition, position, priority, procedures, conditions, etiquette, and canceling ablution, etc.|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074649/https://perpustakaan.stain-madina.ac.id/library/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=529&amp;keywords=|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan.stain-madina.ac.id/library/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=529&amp;keywords=|title=Hukum Meminta-Minta Dan Mengemis Dalam Syariat Islam|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2009|publisher=p. attaqwa|isbn=978-979-16612-0-1|language=id|trans-title=The Law of Begging and Begging according Islamic Sharia|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074649/https://perpustakaan.stain-madina.ac.id/library/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=529&amp;keywords=|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://perpustakaan-jic.id/opac/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=27604&amp;keywords=|title=Haramnya Darah Seorang Muslim|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2015|publisher=Media Tarbiyah|language=id|trans-title=the sacredness of the blood of a Muslim|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074649/https://perpustakaan-jic.id/opac/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=27604&amp;keywords=|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=http://psbsekolah.kemdikbud.go.id/kamaya/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=52512|title=Taubat : kewajiban seumur hidup|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2018|publisher=978-602-61392-7-6|language=id|trans-title=Repentance: a lifelong obligation|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074652/http://psbsekolah.kemdikbud.go.id/kamaya/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=52512|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://core.ac.uk/display/298097600|title=Pengawasan Dengan Pendekatan Agama (Modul 1 - Modul 5)|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2003|publisher=[[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)]]|isbn=978-602-61392-7-6|language=id|trans-title=Supervision with a Religious Approach (Module 1 - Module 5)}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Manhaj_Ahlus_Sunnah_wal_Jama_ah_dalam_ta.html?id=|title=Manhaj Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah dalam tazkiyatun nufus|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2010|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789791661232|language=id|trans-title=Manhaj Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah in tazkiyatun nufus}}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
# {{Cite book|url=https://www.elibrary.albayan.or.id/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=5327&amp;keywords=|title=Sedekah sebagai bukti keimanan dan penghapus dosa|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2009|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=978-979-16612-1-8|language=id|trans-title=Alms as sign of faith and forgiveness of sins|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074651/https://www.elibrary.albayan.or.id/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=5327&amp;keywords=|url-status=dead}}
# {{Cite book|url=https://www.elibrary.albayan.or.id/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=7580&amp;keywords=|title=Taqwa : jalan menuju sukses abadi|last=Yazid|first=Abdul Qadir|date=2010|publisher=Pustaka At-Taqwa|isbn=9789791661164|language=id|trans-title=Taqwa: the path to eternal success|access-date=2024-07-11|archive-date=2024-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240711074650/https://www.elibrary.albayan.or.id/index.php?p=show_detail&amp;id=7580&amp;keywords=|url-status=dead}}

== Deloken sisan ==

* [[Badrusalam]]
* Erwandi Tarmizi
* [[Armen Halim Naro]]
* Firanda Andirja
* Khalid Basalamah
* Syafiq Riza Basalamah

== Referensi ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
{{Reflist}}

== Pranala njaba ==

* {{Ar icon}} [http://islamhouse.com/ar/author/8466 Profil Yazid bin Abdul Qadir Jawas], IslamHouse.Com
{{Islam di Indonesia}}{{Islam di Indonesia}}{{Authority control}}{{Authority control}}


[[Kategori:Lair 1963]]
[[Kategori:Pati 2024]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Jawa Tengah]]
[[Kategori:Panulis Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh]]</text>
      <sha1>dp6asmu6215wg41zok3vmqu6zyvby6i</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Turi-Turi Putih</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>200037</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1748100</id>
      <parentid>1745990</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T00:09:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>48188</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>1748100</origin>
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      <text bytes="1980" sha1="3lm0fgw0co8lslnnhez9hwv5i30tbx6" xml:space="preserve">[[Barkas:ꦠꦸꦫꦶꦠꦸꦫꦶꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ꧇꧑.ogg|jmpl|Tembang Turi-Turi Putih.]]
'''Turi-Turi Putih''' ([[Aksara Carakan|Carakan]]: ꦠꦸꦫꦶꦠꦸꦫꦶꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ꧇; [[Basa Indonésia|basa Indhonésia]]: ''Turi-Turi Putih'') yaiku salah sawijining [[wit]] turi kang warnane putih kang dadi pralambang utawa simbol mangku karep kasaenan lan kabijakan. Turi-turi Putih uga dadi [[tembang]] kang wus kondang ana ing tanah jawa lagu utawa lirik Turi-turi Putih ngandakake babagan spiritual kanggo nuntun wong sing luwih bener lan pener. makna lagon Turi-turi Putih yaiku pentinge nggoleki ilmu spiritual, kabijaksanaan lan kasaenan kanggo diri pribadi lan tetep mlaku marang dalan dalan kang apik kanggo njalani urip ning alam [[donya]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hot.detik.com/music/d-6827261/lirik-lagu-turi-putih-lengkap-dengan-arti-dan-makna-di-baliknya|title=Lirik Lagu Turi turi Putih Lengkap Dengan Arti Dan Makna DIbaliknya|last=Fajrina|first=Azkia|date=2023-07-17|website=Detik Hot|access-date=2026-03-15}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Donya|.]] lan iki ana cakepan tembang Turi-turi Putih :

Turi Putih, Turi Putih

Ditandur ning kebon agung

Ono cleret tibo nyemplung, mbok iro kembange opo

Mbok iro kembange opo, mbok iro kembange opo

Sholatullah Salamullah Ala Toha Rasulillah

Sholatullah Salamullah Ala Yasin Habibillah

Ala Yasin Habibillah Ala Yasin habibillah

Etan kali, kulon kali

Etan kali, kulon kali

Tengah-tengah tanduran pari

Saiki ngaesok yo ngaji, ayo manut poro kiyai

etan kali, kulon kali

etan kali, kulon kali

Tengah-tengah tanduran pari

Saiki ngaji sesok yo ngaji, ayo manut poro kiyai

Ayo manut poro kiyai, ayo manut poro kiyai

Sholatullah Salamullah Ala Toha Rasulillah

Sholatullah Salamullah Ala Yasin Habibillah

Ala Yasin Habibillah Ala Yasin habibillah

== Rujukan ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Kategori:Swarajati Project]]
[[Kategori:Tembang]]
[[Kategori:Tembang Dolanan]]</text>
      <sha1>3lm0fgw0co8lslnnhez9hwv5i30tbx6</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Poppy Drayton</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>200253</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1748122</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T09:44:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Meursault2004</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rintisan saka [[:en:Poppy Drayton|]]</comment>
      <origin>1748122</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83" sha1="4twbcnonakqmdmwnlyhxo96jlgwm31f" xml:space="preserve">{{inuse}}
'''Poppy Gabriella Drayton''' (lair 7 Juni 1991[1][2]) iku aktor Britani.</text>
      <sha1>4twbcnonakqmdmwnlyhxo96jlgwm31f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1748123</id>
      <parentid>1748122</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-02T10:04:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Meursault2004</username>
        <id>3</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>tambah sithik</comment>
      <origin>1748123</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="413" sha1="18x4r94kkrj044f6kf01vc8c46rzx7d" xml:space="preserve">'''Poppy Gabriella Drayton''' (lair 7 Juni 1991[1][2]) iku aktor Britani. Dhèwèké kawentar olèhé maragakaké Elizabeth Thatcher ing pilot drama Hallmark Channel ''When Calls the Heart''.

== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}

==Pranala njaba==
* {{IMDb name|id=5014360|name=Poppy Drayton}}
* {{Twitter}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Drayton, Poppy}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1991]]
[[Kategori:Wong urip]]
[[Kategori:Paraga Downton Abbey]]</text>
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