Wikipédia
jvwiki
https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa
MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.1
first-letter
Médhia
Mirunggan
Parembugan
Naraguna
Parembugan Naraguna
Wikipédia
Parembugan Wikipédia
Barkas
Parembugan Barkas
MédhiaWiki
Parembugan MédhiaWiki
Cithakan
Parembugan Cithakan
Pitulung
Parembugan Pitulung
Kategori
Parembugan Kategori
Gapura
Parembugan Gapura
TimedText
TimedText talk
Modhul
Parembugan Modhul
Acara
Pembicaraan Acara
Palanangan
0
23344
1748882
1731386
2026-05-12T19:10:46Z
AriamMai
71473
1748882
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Barkas:Flaccid Human Uncut Penis Foreskin covering Glans Penis and pulled back.jpg|jmpl|302x302px|Palanangan]]
[[File:Péranganing Palanangan Manungsa.png|jmpl|ka|300px|Péranganing palanangan manungsa]]
[[Gambar:Male anatomy 1.png|jmpl|ka|300px|Anatomi sistem réprodhuksi lanang.]]
'''Palanangan''' uga karan '''planangan''', '''peli''', utawa '''''pénis''''' (saka [[basa Latin]] kang tegesé "buntut") utawa '''pajaleran''' (ing [[basa Jawa Krama]]), kerep uga supaya luwih samar diarani [[manuk]], iku sawijining organ èksternal (amarga papané ing jabané awak) minangka organ sèksual utawa wewadi lan organ réprodhuksi manungsa lanang.
Palanangan iki dalan banyu uyuh nalika urinasi lan dalan [[banyu mani]] utawa nalika [[éjakulasi]]. Palanangan bisa ngaceng (èrèksi : ing [[Basa Indonésia|basa Indonesia]]) utawa modhot lan ukurané bisa ping pindhoné ukurané biyasa.
== Struktur ==
[[Gambar:Clitoris Penis Homology 1.png|jmpl|300x300px|Homologi penis lan klitoris|al=]]
Palanangan [[manungsa]] dumadi saka telung kolom ''tissue'' biologi: loro ''corpus cavernosum'' kang jèjèr ing sisih ''dorsal'' lan siji ''corpus spongiosum'' kang dumunung ing antarané ing sisih ''véntral''.
Pérangan pucuk ''corpus spongiosum'' kang luwih gedhé mbentuk '''gathèl''' (endhase palanangan), kang dilindhungi kulit karan '''ikut''', kang tumraping wong diwasa bisa ditarik kanggo munculaké gathèl. Wewengkon ing ngisore palanangan, papan nèmpèlé kulit, diarani ''frènulum''.
[[Urethra|Urèter]], minangka pérangan pungkasan saka saluran uyuh ''urinary tract'', ngliwati ''corpus spongiosum'', lan bukakané, diarani [[External urethral orifice (male)|meatus]] ({{pron-en|miːˈeɪtəs}}), dumunung ing pucuking gathèl. Iki minangka dalan banyu uyuh lan banyu mani nalika éjakulasi. Banyu mani diprodhuksi sajeroning pringsilan lan disimpen ing ''èpididymis''. Sajeroning éjakulasi, banyu mani disurung menyang ''vas deferens'', rong saluran kang ngliwati samburiné [[kandhung kemih|impes]]. Cuwèran ditambahaké déning ''sèminal vesicle'' lan disaluraké liwat saluran ''ejaculatory duct'' ingkang nggabung karo urèter ing sajeroning klanjer [[prostat]]. Prostat lan uga klanjer ''bulbourethral'' nambahi sèkrèsi, lan banyu mani disemprotaké liwat palanangan.
Palanangan manungsa béda karo kang ana ing [[mamalia]] liyané, sebab ora duwé ''baculum'', utawa balung ngaceng, lan gumantung marang ''engorgement'' nganggo getih supaya bisa ngaceng. Palanangan manungsa uga ora bisa ditarik lan dilebokaké sajeroning kanthong kulit (''groin''), lan ukurane luwih gedhé tinimbang rata-rata kéwan miturut proporsiné.[[Gambar:Gray1158.png|jmpl|300x300px|Diagram anatomi palanangan manungsa.|al=]]
== Uga delengen ==
* [[Ereksi]]
* [[Vagina]]
*[[Rambut pubis]]
== Pranala njaba ==
{{commons|Penis}}
{{wiktionarypar|penis}}
* [http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/resources/bib-penis.html Kinsey Institute on the penis.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507051003/http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/resources/bib-penis.html |date=2016-05-07 }}
{{anatomi manungsa}}
[[Kategori:Anatomi]]
n99rr5ipo6pq36biajja2z0h4ol262h
1748883
1748882
2026-05-12T19:49:16Z
~2026-28644-50
72645
1748883
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[File:Péranganing Palanangan Manungsa.png|jmpl|ka|300px|Péranganing palanangan manungsa]]
[[Gambar:Male anatomy 1.png|jmpl|ka|300px|Anatomi sistem réprodhuksi lanang.]]
'''Palanangan''' uga karan '''planangan''', '''peli''', utawa '''''pénis''''' (saka [[basa Latin]] kang tegesé "buntut") utawa '''pajaleran''' (ing [[basa Jawa Krama]]), kerep uga supaya luwih samar diarani [[manuk]], iku sawijining organ èksternal (amarga papané ing jabané awak) minangka organ sèksual utawa wewadi lan organ réprodhuksi manungsa lanang.
Palanangan iki dalan banyu uyuh nalika urinasi lan dalan [[banyu mani]] utawa nalika [[éjakulasi]]. Palanangan bisa ngaceng (èrèksi : ing [[Basa Indonésia|basa Indonesia]]) utawa modhot lan ukurané bisa ping pindhoné ukurané biyasa.
== Struktur ==
[[Gambar:Clitoris Penis Homology 1.png|jmpl|300x300px|Homologi penis lan klitoris|al=]]
Palanangan [[manungsa]] dumadi saka telung kolom ''tissue'' biologi: loro ''corpus cavernosum'' kang jèjèr ing sisih ''dorsal'' lan siji ''corpus spongiosum'' kang dumunung ing antarané ing sisih ''véntral''.
Pérangan pucuk ''corpus spongiosum'' kang luwih gedhé mbentuk '''gathèl''' (endhase palanangan), kang dilindhungi kulit karan '''ikut''', kang tumraping wong diwasa bisa ditarik kanggo munculaké gathèl. Wewengkon ing ngisore palanangan, papan nèmpèlé kulit, diarani ''frènulum''.
[[Urethra|Urèter]], minangka pérangan pungkasan saka saluran uyuh ''urinary tract'', ngliwati ''corpus spongiosum'', lan bukakané, diarani [[External urethral orifice (male)|meatus]] ({{pron-en|miːˈeɪtəs}}), dumunung ing pucuking gathèl. Iki minangka dalan banyu uyuh lan banyu mani nalika éjakulasi. Banyu mani diprodhuksi sajeroning pringsilan lan disimpen ing ''èpididymis''. Sajeroning éjakulasi, banyu mani disurung menyang ''vas deferens'', rong saluran kang ngliwati samburiné [[kandhung kemih|impes]]. Cuwèran ditambahaké déning ''sèminal vesicle'' lan disaluraké liwat saluran ''ejaculatory duct'' ingkang nggabung karo urèter ing sajeroning klanjer [[prostat]]. Prostat lan uga klanjer ''bulbourethral'' nambahi sèkrèsi, lan banyu mani disemprotaké liwat palanangan.
Palanangan manungsa béda karo kang ana ing [[mamalia]] liyané, sebab ora duwé ''baculum'', utawa balung ngaceng, lan gumantung marang ''engorgement'' nganggo getih supaya bisa ngaceng. Palanangan manungsa uga ora bisa ditarik lan dilebokaké sajeroning kanthong kulit (''groin''), lan ukurane luwih gedhé tinimbang rata-rata kéwan miturut proporsiné.[[Gambar:Gray1158.png|jmpl|300x300px|Diagram anatomi palanangan manungsa.|al=]]
== Uga delengen ==
* [[Ereksi]]
* [[Vagina]]
*[[Rambut pubis]]
== Pranala njaba ==
{{commons|Penis}}
{{wiktionarypar|penis}}
* [http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/resources/bib-penis.html Kinsey Institute on the penis.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507051003/http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/resources/bib-penis.html |date=2016-05-07 }}
{{anatomi manungsa}}
[[Kategori:Anatomi]]
ag9txrvzknd72s1vaqqd5oo5q9fqx5m
Kutub Lor
0
24998
1748913
1630861
2026-05-13T11:51:26Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748913
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Gambar:Arctic Ocean.png|thumb|275px|Kutub Lor lan Samodra Arktik]]
[[Gambar:Noaa3-2006-0602-1206.jpg|thumb|275px|Pemandhangan ing Kutub Lor]]
'''Kutub Lor''' utawa '''Arktik''' iku titik paling lor saka bumi, minangka siji-sijiné titik sing diliwati déning garis khayal 90 derajat [[Lintang lor]].
== Dhéfinisi Kutub Lor Bumi ==
'''Kutub Lor''' iku titik paling lor [[Bumi]], bisa didhéfinisèkaké sajeroning patang cara kang béda-béda. Nanging mung loro cara pisanan sing umum digunakaké. Sanadyan mangkono dhéfinisi sing paling umum yaiku Kutub Lor dumunung ing [[Samodra Arktik]].
# '''Kutub Lor Géografi''', uga dikenal minangka '''[[Lor Sejati]]''', iku titik lor ing poros rotasi Bumi ketemu lumahing bumi.
# '''Kutub Lor Magnetik''' iku titik lor [[médhan geomagnetik]] vertikal, yaiku ''dip'' yaiku 90°.
# '''Kutub Lor Geomagnetik''' iku kutub lor saka [[momen dipole]] medan geomagnetik Bumi.
# '''Kutub ora terakses Lor''' iku titik paling adoh saka pasisir ngendi waé, lan dumunung ing {{coor dm|84|03|N|174|51|W|}}. Kutub sajenis dumunung ing [[Samodra Pasifik]] lan [[Samodra Hindia|Hindia]].
== Deleng uga ==
* [[Antartika|Kutub Kidul]]
* [[Samodra Arktik]]
== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.arctic-council.org Arctic Council]
* [http://www.northernforum.org The Northern Forum]
* [http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/gallery_np.html North Pole scenery observed by Web Cams]
* [http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/essay_untersteiner3.html The short Arctic summer of 2004]
* [http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/essay_untersteiner2.html The puzzling Arctic summer of 2003]
* [http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/faq.html FAQ on the Arctic and the North Pole]
* [http://www.monolith.com.au/travel/polar_contro.html Polar Controversies Still Rage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305064828/http://www.monolith.com.au/travel/polar_contro.html |date=2007-03-05 }} artikel olèh Roderick Eime
{{Tlatah ing donya}}
[[Kategori:Géografi]]
[[Kategori:Arktik]]
{{geo-stub}}
2xq8tvqcwrskxv2wlcdx7u1hnh3v2y1
Konflik Israèl-Palèstina
0
33552
1748906
1748369
2026-05-13T08:56:57Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748906
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Gambar:Cia-is-map2.png|right|thumb|200px|Israèl, Gisik Kulon, lan Lurung Gaza berada di pusat konflik Israèl-Palestina.]]
'''Konflik Israèl-Palestina''', minangka péranganing [[konflik Arab-Israèl]], iku [[konflik]] kang turun-tumurun antara bangsa [[Israèl]] lan bangsa [[Palestina]].
Konflik Israèl-Palestina iki dudusawijining konflik kang prasaja, kaya-kaya dianggep kabèh bangsa Israèl (utawa malah kabèh wong [[Yahudi]] kabangsaan Israèl) duwé siji pandulu kang padha, samono uga kabèh bangsa Palestina. Ing kaloro komunitas mau pancèn ana wong-wong lan golongan-golongan kang nganjuraké panyingkiran teritorial total saka komunitas liyané, nanging ana uga sapérangan kang nganjuraké [[solusi rong nagara]], lan sapérangan manèh nganjuraké [[solusi rong bangsa]] kanthi siji nagara sekular kang nyakup wewengkon Israèl mangsa saiki, [[Lurung Gaza]], [[Gisik Kulon]], lan [[Yerusalem Wétan]].
Wiwit [[Pasetujon Oslo]], Pamaréntah [[Israèl]] lan [[Otoritas Nasional Palestina]] kanthi resmi wis duwé tékad kanggo milih solusi rong nagara. Masalah-masalah utama kang isih ngganjel ya iku:
* Status lan mangsa ngarep [[Gisik Kulon]], [[Lurung Gaza]], lan [[Yerusalem Wétan]] kang nyakup wewengkon-wewengkon saka [[Nagara Palestina]] kang diusulaké.
* Kaamanan Israèl.
* Kaamanan Palestina.
* Hakikat mangsa ngarep [[nagara Palestina]].
* Nasib para [[pangungsi Palestina]].
* Kawicaksanan-kawicaksanan [[pamukiman Israèl|pamukiman]] pamaréntah Israèl, lan nasib kang ndunungi pamukiman iku.
* Kadhaulatan tumrap panggonan-panggonan suci ing Yerusalem, kalebu Bukit Bait Suci lan kompleks Tembok Nangis Kulon (''Wailing wall'').
Masalah pangungsi muncul minangka akibat saka [[perang Arab-Israèl 1948]]. Masalah Gisik Kulon, Lurung Gaza, lan Yerusalem Wétan muncul minangka akibat saka [[Perang Enem Dinten|Perang Enem Dina]] taun 1967.
<!--
Selama ini telah terjadi ''konflik'' yang penuh kekerasan, dengan berbagai tingkat intensitasnya dan konflik gagasan, tujuan, dan prinsip-prinsip yang berada di balik semuanya. Pada kedua belah pihak, pada berbagai kesempatan, telah muncul kelompok-kelompok yang berbeda pendapat dalam berbagai tingkatannya tentang penganjuran atau penggunaan taktik-taktik kekerasan, [[anti kekerasan yang aktif]], dll. Ada pula orang-orang yang bersimpati dengan tujuan-tujuan dari pihak yang satu atau yang lainnya, walaupun itu tidak berarti mereka merangkul taktik-taktik yang telah digunakan demi tujuan-tujuan itu. Lebih jauh, ada pula orang-orang yang merangkul sekurang-kurangnya sebagian dari tujuan-tujuan dari kedua belah pihak. Dan menyebutkan "kedua belah" pihak itu sendiri adalah suatu penyederhanaan: [[Al-Fatah]] dan [[Hamas]] saling berbeda pendapat tentang tujuan-tujuan bagi bangsa Palestina. Hal yang sama dapat digunakan tentang berbagai parté politik Israèl, meskipun misalnya pembicaraannya dibatasi pada parté-parté Yahudi Israèl.
Mengingat pembatasan-pembatasan di atas, setiap gambaran ringkas mengenai sifat konflik ini pasti akan sangat sepihak. Itu berarti, mereka yang menganjurkan perlawanan Palestina dengan kekerasan biasanya membenarkannya sebagai perlawanan yang sah terhadap [[pendudukan militer]] oleh bangsa Israèl yang tidak sah atas Palestina, yang didukung oleh bantuan militer dan diplomatik oleh A.S. Banyak yang cenderung memandang perlawanan bersenjata Palestina di lingkungan Tepi Barat dan Jalur Gaza sebagai hak yang diberikan oleh [[persetujuan Jenewa]] dan [[Piagam PBB]]. Sebagian memperluas pandangan ini untuk membenarkan serangan-serangan, yang seringkali dilakukan terhadap warga sipil, di wewengkon Israèl itu sendiri.
-->
<!--
{| border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="float; width:30%" align="left"
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |[[Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina|PLO]]
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |[[Al-Fatah]]
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |[[Hamas]]
| align="center" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |[[Jihad Islami Palestina|JIP]]
|-
|[[Gambar:Plo_emblem.png|60px|]]
|[[Gambar:Fateh-logo.jpg|60px|]]
|[[Gambar:HamasLogo.jpg|60px|]]
|[[Gambar:PIJ_emblem.png|60px|]]
|-
| colspan="4" align="left" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |<small>Lambang-lambang saka organisasi-organisasi utama Palestina klebu peta wewengkon [[Israèl]] saiki, [[Gisik Kulon]] lan [[Lurung Gaza]].--> <!-- Whether these jointly represent any current policy, involving either Israèli expulsion, a [[Proposals for a Palestinian state|two-state solution]] with refugee return to Israèl, or a binational multiethnic state, ''is disputed''--> <!--(Padunung Palestina lan Israèl padha ngeklaim hak marang kabèh wewengkon iki).</small>
|}
-->
<!--
Demikian pula, mereka yang bersimpati dengan aksi militer Israèl dan langkah-langkah Israèl lainnya dalam menghadapi bangsa Palestina cenderung memandang tindakan-tindakan ini sebagai pembelaan diri yang sah oleh bangsa Israsel dalam melawan kampanye [[terorisme]] yang dilakukan oleh kelompok-kelompok Palestina seperti [[Hamas]], [[Jihad Islami]], [[Al Fatah]] dan lain-lainnya, dan didukung oleh nagara-nagara lain di wewengkon itu dan oleh kebanyakan bangsa Palestina, sekurang-kurangnya oleh warga Palestina yang bukan merupakan warga nagara Israèl. Banyak yang cenderung percaya bahwa Israèl perlu menguasai sebagian atau seluruh wewengkon ini demi keamanannya sendiri. Pandangan-pandangan yang sangat berbeda mengenai keabsahan dari tindakan-tindakan dari masing-masing pihak di dalam konflik ini telah menjadi penghalang utama bagi pemecahannya.
[[Berkas:Israèl_and_Palestine_Peace.png|thumb|Sebuah poster [[obahan perdamaian]]: [[Bendera Israèl]] dan [[bendera Palestina]] dan kata-kata ''[[Salaam]]'' dalam [[basa Arab]] dan ''[[Shalom]]'' dalam [[basa Ibrani]]. Gambar-gambar serupa telah digunakan oleh sejumlah kelompok yang menganjurkan solusi dua nagara dalam konflik ini.]]
Sebuah usul perdamaian saat ini adalah [[Peta menuju perdamaian]] yang diajukan oleh Empat Serangkai [[Uni Éropah]], [[Rusia]], [[PBB]] dan [[Amerika Serikat]] pada 17 September 2002. Israèl juga telah menerima peta itu namun dengan 14 "reservasi". Pada saat ini Israèl sedang menerapkan sebuah [[rencana pemisahan diri]] yang kontroversial yang diajukan oleh Nayakotama [[Ariel Sharon]]. Menurut rencana yang diajukan kepada AS, Israèl menyatakan bahwa ia akan menyingkirkan seluruh "kehadiran sipil dan militer... yang permanen" di Jalur Gaza (yaitu 21 pemukiman Yahudi di sana, dan 4 pemumikan di Tepi Barat), namun akan "mengawasi dan mengawal kantong-kantong eksternal di darat, akan mempertahankan kontrol eksklusif di wewengkon udara Gaza, dan akan terus melakukan kegiatan militer di wewengkon laut dari Jalur Gaza." Pemerintah Israèl berpendapat bahwa "akibatnya, tidak akan ada dasar untuk mengklaim bahwa Jalur Gaza adalah wewengkon pendudukan," sementara yang lainnya berpendapat bahwa, apabila pemisahan diri itu terjadi, akibat satu-satunya ialah bahwa Israèl "akan diizinkan untuk menyelesaikan tembok <nowiki>[</nowiki>artinya, [[Penghalang Tepi Barat Israèl]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> dan mempertahankan situasi di Tepi Barat seperti adanya sekarang ini" [http://electronicintifada.net/v2/article3331.shtml] [http://www.fmep.org/documents/disengagement_plan_of_Sharon.html].
Dengan rencana pemisahan diri sepihak, pemerintah Israèl menyatakan bahwa rencananya adalah mengizinkan bangsa Palestina untuk membangun sebuah tanah air dengan campur tangan Israèl yang minimal, sementara menarik Israèl dari situasi yang diyakininya terlalu mahal dan secara strategis tidak layak dipertahankan dalam jangka panjang. Banyak orang Israèl, termasuk sejumlah besar anggota parté [[Likud]] -- hingga beberapa minggu sebelum 2005 berakhir merupakan parté Sharon -- kuatir bahwa kurangnya kehadiran militer di Jalur Gaza akan mengakibatkan meningkatnya kegiatan penembakan roket ke kota-kota Israèl di sekitar Gaza. Secara khusus muncul keprihatinan terhadap kelompok-kelompok militan Palestina seperti Hamas, Jihad Islami atau Front Rakyat Pembebasan Palestina akan muncul dari kevakuman kekuasaan apabila Israèl memisahkan diri dari Gaza.
-->
== Sajarah ==
=== Nganti taun 1949 ===
* [[Deklarasi Balfour 1917]]
2 November 1917. Inggris ngetokaké Deklarasi Balfour, kang déning pihak Yahudi lan Arab dianggep janji kanggo ngadegaké ''tanah air'' kanggo kaum Yahudi ing Palestina.
* [[Revolusi Arab]] 1936-1939.
Revolusi Arab kabawah [[Amin Al-Husseini]]. Ora kurang saka 5.000 warga Arab kapperjaya. Akèh-akèhé déning Inggris. Atusan wong Yahudi uga tiwas. Husseini mabur menyang Irak, banjur menyang wewengkon Jerman, kang nalika iku ana ing papréntahan Nazi.
* [[Tèks 1922: Mandat Palestina Liga Bangsa-bangsa]]
* [[Mandat Britania tumrap Palestina]]
* [[Rencana Pembagian Wewengkon déning PBB 1947]]
* [[Deklarasi Pambentukan Nagara Israèl, 14 Mèi 1948]].
Sacara sepihak Israèl mbiwara minangka nagara Yahudi. Inggris lunga saka Palestina. Mesir, Suriah, Irak, Libanon, Yordania, lan Arab Saudi bebarengan nglawan Israèl.
* [[Perang Arab-Israèl 1948]]
* [[Pasetujon Gencatan Senjata 1949]]
3 April 1949. Israèl lan Arab sarujuk gencatan senjata. Israèl ngéntukaké wewengkon 50 persèn luwih akè saka kang diputusaké sajeroning Rencana Pamisahan PBB.
* [[Exodus bangsa Palestina]]
=== 1949-1967 ===
* [[Perang Suez 1956]]
* [[Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina]] (PLO) resmi madeg pada Mèi 1964. Tujuané numpes Israèl.
* [[Perang Enem Dinten|Perang Enam Dina 1967]]
* [[Resolusi Khartoum]]
* [[Pendudukan Lurung Gaza déning Mesir]]
* [[Pendudukan Gisik Kulon lan Yerusalem Timur déning Yordan]]
=== 1967-1993 ===
* [[Prajanjèn Nasional Palestina]] digawé taun 1968, Palestina kanthi resmi nuntut pambekuan Israèl.
* [[1970 War of Attrition]]
* [[Perang Yom Kippur|Perang Yom Kippur 1973]]
* [[Kasepakatan Damai Mesir-Israèl ing Camp David 1978]]
* [[Perang Libanon 1982]]
* [[Perang Teluk 1990/1]]
* [[Deklarasi Oslo|Kesepakatan Damai Oslo antara Palestina lan Israèl 1993]]
13 September 1993. Israèl lan PLO sarujuk silih ngakoni kadhaulatan. Ing sasi Agustus 1993, Arafat lungguh saméja karo Nayakotama Israèl Yitzhak Rabin.
<!--
Hasilnya adalah Kesepakatan Oslo. Rabin bersedia menarik pasukannya dari Tepi Barat dan Jalur Gaza serta memberi Arafat kesempatan menjalankan sebuah lembaga semiotonom yang bisa "memerintah" di kedua wewengkon itu. Arafat "mengakui hak Nagara Israèl untuk eksis secara aman dan damai".<br>
28 September 1995. Implementasi Perjanjian Oslo. Otoritas Palestina segera berdiri.
-->
* [[Intifada pisanan]]
=== 1993-saiki ===
* [[Karusuhan terowongan Al-Aqsa]]
September 1996. Karusuhan terowongan Al-Aqsa. Israèl sengaja mbukak terowongan tunuju Masjidil Aqsa kanggo mbujuk para turis.
* 18 Januari 1997 Israèl sanggup narik wadyabala saka Hebron, Gisik Kulon.
* [[Prajanjèn Wye River]] Oktober 1998 isi panarikan Israèl lan nguculaké tahanan pulitik lan kasanggupan Palestina kanggo nglakoni prajanjèn Oslo, kalebu bab dol-tinuku senjata ilegal.
* 19 Mèi 1999, Pamimpin parté Buruh [[Ehud Barak]] kapilih dadi nayakotama.
* [[Intifada al-Aqsa]]
Maret 2000, Kunjungan pamimpin oposisi Israèl [[Ariel Sharon]] menyang [[Masjidil Aqsa]] micu karusuhan. Masjidil Aqsa dianggep salah siji papan suci umat Islam. Intifadah gelombang kaloro diwiwiti.
* [[KTT Camp David 2000 antara Palestina lan Israèl]]
* Maret-April 2002 Israèl yasa Tembok Pertahanan ing Gisik Kulon lan diiringi rerangkèn serangan "nglalu" saka Palestina.
* Juli 2004 Mahkamah Internasional netepkan pambangunan wates pertahanan nyalahi hukum internasional lan Israèl kudu ngrubuhaké.
* 9 Januari 2005 [[Mahmud Abbas]], saka [[Fatah]], kapilih dadi Présidhèn Otoritas Palestina, nggantèkaké Yasser Arafat kang séda 11 November 2004
* [[Peta tunuju perdamaian]]
* Juni 2005 Mahmud Abbas lan Ariel Sharon ketemu ing Yerusalem. Abbas ngulur jadwal pemilu amarga kuwatir Hamas bakal menang.
* Agustus 2005 Israèl lunga saka pamukiman Gaza lan papat wewengkon pamukiman ing Gisik Kulon.
* Januari 2006 Hamas menangaké kursi Dewan Legislatif, ngrampungi dominasi Fatah sajeroning 40 taun.
* Januari-Juli 2008 Kategangan mundhak ing [[Gaza]]. Israèl medhot suplai listrik lan gas. Donya nuding Hamas ora kasil ngendhalèkaké tindak kakerasan. PM Palestina Ismail Haniyeh ngotot orea bakal tundhuk.
* November 2008 [[Hamas]] batal mèlu patemon unifikasi Palestina kang dianakaké ing Kairo, [[Mesir]]. Serangan roket cilik ing wewengkon Israèl.
* [[Serangan Israèl menyang Gaza]] diwiwiti 26 Dhésèmber 2008. Israèl nglancaraké [[Operasi Oferet Yetsuka]], kang diterusaké serangan udara marang pusat-pusat operasi Hamas. Akèh kurban saka warga sipil.<ref>[http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2009/01/05/ITR/mbm.20090105.ITR129167.id.html Tahun-tahun Bersimbah Darah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626175242/http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2009/01/05/ITR/mbm.20090105.ITR129167.id.html |date=2010-06-26 }}, Tempo</ref>
* [[Kakerasan marang bangsa Israèl]]
* [[Kakerasan marang bangsa Palestina]]
* [[Rencana pemisahan dhiri sepihak Israèl 2004|Rencana pemisahan dhiri sepihak Israèl]]
* Serangan [[Jabalia]] mangsa palastra 2004
* [[Serangan Israèl menyang Gaza]] - 2008
== Uga delengen ==
=== Etnisitas ===
* [[Bangsa Arab|Arab]] -- [[Yahudi]] -- [[Palestina]]
=== Agama ===
* [[Islam]] -- [[Yudaisme]] -- [[Kristen]]
=== Géografi ===
* [[Palestina (wewengkon)|Palestina]] ([[Tanah Israèl]])
* [[Géografi Israèl]]
* [[Gisik Kulon]] ([[Yudea]] lan [[Samaria]])
* [[Jalur Gaza]]
=== Panggonan wigati ===
* [[Yerusalem]] -- [[Ma'alot]] -- [[Hebron]] -- [[Betlehem]] -- [[Gréja Lair]] -- [[Kutha Gaza]] -- [[Jenin]] -- [[Yerikho]]
=== Ideologi lan gagasan ===
* [[Zionisme]]
* [[Pan-Arabisme]]
* [[Nagara Yahudi]]
* [[Usul-usul pambentukan nagara Palestina]]
=== Lapuran médhia ===
* [[New Historians]]
* ''[[Promises]]'', sebuah filem dokumenter yang dinominasi untuk Oscar
* [[Laporan médhia tentang konflik Israèl-Palestina]]
* [[Charles Enderlin]]
* [[Muhammed al-Dura]]
<!--=== Unsur-unsur konflik ===
*[[Daftar sementara tindakan teror Palestina]]
*[[Pangungsi Palestina]]
*[[Pemukiman Israèl]]
*[[Tembok penghalang Tepi Barat Israèl]]
*[[Bom bunuh diri anak-anak]]
*[[Intifada Al-Aqsa]]
*[[Kekerasan dalam konflik Israèl-Palestina]]
*[[Proses perdamaian dalam konflik Israèl-Palestina]] -->
=== Organisasi lan angkatan bersenjata ===
* [[Angkatan Pertahanan Israèl]]
* [[Gerakan anti Israèl]]
* [[Al-Fatah]]
* [[Hamas]]
* [[Hizbullah]]
* [[Front Rakyat Pembebasan Palestina]] (FRPP)
* [[Yayasan Bantuan dan Pembangunan Tanah Suci]]
* [[Otoritas Palestina]]
* [[Organisasi Pembebasan Palestina]] (PLO)
* [[Jihad Islami Palestina]]
=== Tokoh ===
'''Israèl'''
* [[David Ben-Gurion]] -- [[Menachem Begin]] -- [[Shimon Peres]] -- [[Yitzhak Rabin]] -- [[Ariel Sharon]] -- [[Chaim Weizmann]]
'''Palestina'''
* [[Mahmud Abbas]] -- [[Hanan Ashrawi]] -- [[Yasser Arafat]] -- [[Marwan Barghouti]] -- [[Haj Amin Al-Husseini]] -- [[Dalal Mughrabi]] -- [[Nabil Shaath]] -- [[Ahmed Shukairy]] -- [[Syekh Ahmed Yassin]] -- [[Ahmed Qurei]]
'''Lainnya'''
* [[Raja Hussein]] -- [[Anwar Sadat]] -- [[Colin Powell]] -- [[Anthony Zinni]] -- [[Raja Abdullah]]
=== Konflik-konflik kagandhèng ===
* [[Konflik Arab-Israèl]]
* [[Konflik Timur Tengah]]
* [[Perang Libanon 2006]]
* [[Konflik Gaza 2008-2009]]
== Réferènsi ==
{{Reflist}}
== Wacan ==
* Bard, Mitchell. ''The Complete Idiot's Guide to Middle East Conflict'', ISBN 0-02-864410-7
* Bickerton, Ian J. and Carla L. Klausner. ''A Concise History of the Arab–Israèli Conflict''. 4th ed. (Prentice Hall, 2001), ISBN 0130903035
* [[Noam Chomsky|Chomsky, Noam]]. ''The Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israèl and the Palestinians''. Rev. ed. (South End Press, 1999), ISBN 0-89608-187-7.
* David, Ron. ''Arabs & Israèl for Beginners'' (Writers and Readers Publishing, Inc. 1996), ISBN 0863161618
* [[Alan Dershowitz|Dershowitz, Alan]]. ''[[The Case for Israèl]]'', ISBN 0-471-67952-6
* Enderlin, Charles. ''Shattered Dreams: The Failure of the Peace Process in the Middle East, 1995-2002''. (Other Press, 2003), ISBN 1590510607
* [[Norman Finkelstein|Finkelstein, Norman]]. ''Image and Reality of the Israèl-Palestine Conflict''. 2nd ed. (Verso, 2003), ISBN 1859844421 [http://www.normanfinkelstein.com/article.php?pg=4&ar=10 2nd ed. introduction]
* Fraser, T. G. ''The Arab–Israèli Conflict''. 2nd ed. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2004), ISBN 1403913382
* Harms, Gregory with Todd M. Ferry. ''The Palestine-Israèl Conflict: A Basic Introduction'' (Pluto Press, 2005), ISBN 0745323782
* Hirst, David. ''The Gun and the Olive Branch''. 3rd ed. (Nation Books, 2003), ISBN 1560254831
* Khouri, Fred J. ''The Arab–Israèli Dilemma''. 3rd ed. (Syracuse University Press, 1985), ISBN 0815623402
* [[Benny Morris|Morris, Benny]]. ''Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist–Arab Conflict, 1881–2001'' (Vintage Books, 2001), ISBN 0679744754
* Pearlman, Wendy. ''Occupied Voices: Stories of Everyday Life from the Second Intifada'', ISBN 1-56025-530-7.
* Reinhart, Tanya. ''Israèl/Palestine: How to End the War of 1948'' (Seven Stories Press, 2002), ISBN 1583225382
* [[Nadav Safran|Safran, Nadav]]. ''The United States and Israèl'', ISBN 0-674-92490-8.
* [[Dennis Ross|Ross, Dennis]]. "The Missing Peace: The Inside Story of the fight for Middle East Peace", ISBN 0-374-19973-6
* Smith, Charles D. ''Palestine and the Arab–Israèli Conflict''. 5th ed. (Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2004), ISBN 0312404085
* Swisher, Clayton E. ''The Truth About Camp David'' (Nation Books, 2004), ISBN 1560256230
* Sykes, Christopher. ''Crossroads to Israèl'' (Cleveland: The World Publishing Company, 1965), [out of print]
* Tessler, Mark. ''A History of the Israèli–Palestinian Conflict'' (Indiana University Press, 1994), ISBN 0253208734
* Thomas, Baylis. ''How Israèl Was Won'' (Lexington Books, 1999), ISBN 0739100645
== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.mideastweb.org/briefhistory.htm Sejarah Israèl, Palestina dan konflik Arab-Israèl] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115100454/http://www.mideastweb.org/briefhistory.htm |date=2014-11-15 }}
* [http://www.mideastweb.org/timeline.htm Garis waktu sejarah dan konflik Israèl-Palestina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106173650/http://www.mideastweb.org/timeline.htm |date=2014-11-06 }}
* [http://www.zionismontheweb.org/zionism_history.htm Sejarah Zionisme dan pembentukan Israèl]
* [http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L11361292.htm Reuters: Chronology of events in Israèli-Palestinian conflict]
* [http://www.washingtoninstitute.org The Washington Institute for Near East Policy]
* [http://www.globalpolitician.com/articles.asp?ID=132 Status hukum Tepi Barat, Gaza dan Yerusalem Timur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041205142353/http://www.globalpolitician.com/articles.asp?ID=132 |date=2004-12-05 }}
* [http://www.mepc.org/public_asp/resources/mrates.asp Middle East Policy Council - Conflict Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231140849/http://www.mepc.org/public_asp/resources/mrates.asp |date=2005-12-31 }}
* [http://www.honestreporting.com/ HonestReporting] - Site that seeks to point out perceived anti-Israèli bias
* [http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/nea/mitchell.htm Sharm El-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee Final Report (Mitchell Report)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040427152621/http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/nea/mitchell.htm |date=2004-04-27 }}
* [http://www.gov.il/ Government of Israèl]
* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/palmatoc1.html Palestinian Maps Omitting Israèl] dan [http://www.intelligence.org.il/eng/sib/maps11_03/maps.htm Maps of "Palestine" as a means to instill fundamentally negative messages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060116195438/http://www.intelligence.org.il/eng/sib/maps11_03/maps.htm |date=2006-01-16 }}
* [https://israel.indymedia.org/ IndyMedia (Israèl)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061204100804/https://israel.indymedia.org/ |date=2006-12-04 }}
* [http://jerusalem.indymedia.org Palestine Independent Media Center] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513085409/http://www.jerusalem.indymedia.org/ |date=2008-05-13 }}
* [http://electronicintifada.net/ Electronic Intifada]
* [http://www.nad-plo.org Palestinian Negotiation Team] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203072728/http://www.nad-plo.org/ |date=2020-02-03 }}
* [http://www.gush-shalom.org/médhia/barak_eng.swf "Barak's Generous offer"]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} from [[Gush Shalom]]
* [http://www.jsource.org/jsource/Peace/settletoc.html Israèli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040119100044/http://www.jsource.org/jsource/Peace/settletoc.html |date=2004-01-19 }}
* [http://www.axisglobe.com/article.asp?article=446 Russia as a Bridgehead of HAMAS]
* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths/mftoc.html Myths and facts online: a guide to the Arab-Israèli Conflict] A pro-Israèli view
* [[meta:Solution of the Israèli-Palestinian conflict]]
* [http://www.ict.org.il/casualties_project/stats_page.cfm Current breakdown of fatalities in conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061027222544/http://www.ict.org.il/casualties_project/stats_page.cfm |date=2006-10-27 }}
* [http://www.cactus48.com/truth.html The Origin of the Palestine - Israèl Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050312031209/http://www.cactus48.com/truth.html |date=2005-03-12 }}, Published by Jews for Justice in the Middle East
* [http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/04/opinion/04tarazi.html?oref=login Two Peoples, One State] The [[PLO|PLO's]] Michael Tarazi outlines a proposed solution to the conflict (''[[New York Times]]'', [[4 Oktober]] 2004)
* [http://www.jpost.com/ The Jerusalem Post]
* [http://www.haaretzdaily.com/ Haaretz - edisi basa Inggris]
* [http://www.thinking-east.net/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=81&Itemid=56 "There must be peace between symbols"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228202716/http://www.thinking-east.net/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=81&Itemid=56 |date=2006-02-28 }} - analisis ''Berpikir timur'' (terbuka untuk dikomentari)
* [http://www.thinking-east.net/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=56 "Monsters in the shadows of a Palestinian plebiscite"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060228202718/http://www.thinking-east.net/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=56 |date=2006-02-28 }} - Analisis ''Berpikir timur'' lagi (terbuka untuk dikomentari)
* [http://www.nswas.org/ Neve Shalom/Wahat al-Salam] nama lainnya [[Oasis Bedhamèn]], sebuah désa koperasi eksperimen Palestina-Israèl dekat Yerusalem.
* [http://dmoz.org/Society/Issues/Warfare_and_Conflict/Specific_Conflicts/Middle_East/Israèl-Palestine/ Open Directory Project - ''Israèl-Palestine Conflict'']{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.i-library.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=category§ionid=36&id=162&Itemid=77 Perjuangan Kliping Perjuangan Rakyat Palestina Menghadapi Zionis Israèl] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927123034/http://www.i-library.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=category§ionid=36&id=162&Itemid=77 |date=2007-09-27 }}, ''i-library.org''
[[Kategori:Perang gerilya]]
[[Kategori:Konflik Israèl-Palèstina| ]]
[[Kategori:Palestina]]
[[Kategori:Perang]]
[[ar:قضية فلسطينية]]
[[de:Nahostkonflikt]]
[[en:Israèli-Palestinian conflict]]
[[es:Conflicto árabe-israelí]]
[[he:הסכסוך הישראלי פלסטיני]]
[[id:Konflik Israèl dan Palestina]]
[[it:Conflitto Israèlo-Palestinese]]
[[ja:パレスチナ問題]]
[[pt:Conflito israelo-palestino]]
[[sv:Israèl/Palestina-konflikten]]
[[zh:以巴冲突]]
52cl0qrmyu2lyydsl99hedc8p5rpkhv
Telok Selong, Martapura Kulon, Banjar
0
49084
1748908
1724909
2026-05-13T09:37:18Z
Sibiru45
59217
1748908
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{désa
|peta =
|jeneng =Telok Selong
|provinsi =Kalimantan Kidul
|dati2 =Kabupatèn
|jeneng dati2 =Banjar
|kacamatan =Martapura Kulon
|jeneng pemimpin =-
|wewengkon =-
|sing ndunungi =-
|kapadhetan =-
|poto=Kantor Desa Teluk Selong, Martapura Barat, Kab. Banjar.jpg}}
'''Telok Selong''' iku siji [[désa]] ing [[Kacamatan]] [[Martapura Kulon, Banjar|Martapura Kulon]], [[Kabupatèn Banjar]], Provinsi [[Kalimantan Kidul]], [[Indonésia]].
== Pranala njaba ==
*[http://banjarkab.go.id/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=29&Itemid=86 Kabupatèn Banjar Ono ing Angka 2006] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704000859/https://banjarkab.go.id/index.php?option=com_docman&task=cat_view&gid=29&Itemid=86 |date=2022-07-04 }}
*[http://sirusa.bps.go.id/doc/MFD.pdf Master Wilayah ing situs BPS (Data Desember 2007)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101010234806/http://sirusa.bps.go.id/doc/MFD.pdf |date=2010-10-10 }}
*[http://indonesiamaju.org/index.php/Kode-Desa/View-category.html?limitstart=20 Dhaptar kode desa Kalimantan Kidul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100710064829/http://indonesiamaju.org/index.php/Kode-Desa/View-category.html?limitstart=20 |date=2010-07-10 }}
{{Martapura Kulon, Banjar}}
{{Kabupatèn Banjar}}
{{Kalimantan Kidul}}
{{désa-stub}}
dfdow6ycm488j7xfnowjm7mlt34lydf
Kapribadèn
0
71716
1748890
1318983
2026-05-13T01:20:19Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748890
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Kembangkan}}
'''Kapribadèn''' (utawa ing [[basa Inggris]]: ''personality'') ya iku unsur tindak tandhuk.<ref name="internet 1">[http://sivalintar.tripod.com/tipe_kpbr.html Tipe Kapribadhen]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 31 Maret 2011).</ref> Miturut téyori psikologi kang asalé saka konsèp [[médis]] kuna.
== Jinising ==
Kapribadèn iku diperang dadi papat [[sipat]] utawa [[watak]], ya iku
# ''Sanguinis''<ref name="buku 1">Littaeur, Florence. 1996. ''Personality Plus''. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara. Hal: 2</ref>
# ''Melankolis''
# ''Koleris''
# ''Phlegmatis''.<ref name="buku 1"/>
== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}
jpkkjifyiu88g8lf7noz9b53cist1i5
Kristiani Herrawati
0
77157
1748909
1739787
2026-05-13T10:05:33Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748909
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox Officeholder
|name = Kristiani Herrawati
|image = Ani_Yudhoyono.jpg
|imagesize =
|caption =
|order =
|office = Ibu Nagara Indonésia
|order = 6
|president = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]
|term_start = [[20 Oktober]] [[2004]]
|term_end = [[20 Oktober]] [[2014]]
|predecessor = [[Taufiq Kiemas]]
|successor = [[Iriana]]
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1952|7|6|mf=y}}
|birth_place = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Kota Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]], [[Indonésia]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2019|6|1|1952|7|6}}
|death_place = {{flagicon|Singapura}} [[Singapura]]
|nationality = [[Indonésia]]
|party =
|spouse = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]
|relations =
|children = [[Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono]] <br /> [[Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono]]
|parents = [[Sarwo Edhie Wibowo]] lan Sunarti Sri Bebungah
|alma_mater = [[Universitas Kristen Indonésia]] (ora rampung) <br /> [[Universitas Merdeka]] (rampung)
|occupation =
|profession =
|religion = [[Islam]]
|signature =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
'''Kristiani Herrawati''' ({{lahirmati|[[Yogyakarta]]|6|7|1952|[[Singapura]]|1|6|2019}}).<ref name="internet1"/> Kristiani Herrawati kondhang kanthi jeneng Ibu '''Ani Bambang Yudhoyono'''.<ref name="internet1"/> Ani Yudhoyono ya iku [[Ibu Nagara]] [[Républik Indonésia]].<ref name="internet1"/> Ani iku garwané [[Pratélan Présidhèn Indonésia|Présidhèn Indonésia kang kaping enem]] kang jenenge Dr. H. [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] (SBY).<ref name="internet1">[http://www.presidensby.info/ibunagara/index.php/statik/profil/index.html presidensby.info]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 26 Juli 2011)</ref>
== Kulawarga ==
Ani Yudhoyono lair nalika tanggal [[6]] [[Juli]] [[1952]].<ref name="internet2"/> Ani dadi anak kang kaping telu saka sadulur kang cacahé pitu.<ref name="internet2"/> Ani yudhoyono iku anak saka pasangan Jenderal (Purn) [[Sarwo Edhie Wibowo]] lan Hj. [[Sunarti Sri Hadiyah]].<ref name="internet2"/> Ani nikah karo SBY nalika tanggal [[30 Juli]] [[1976]].<ref name="internet2"/> Nalika iku SBY lagi baé dilantik dadi [[Perwira]] [[TNI]] lan dadi lulusan kang paling apik.<ref name="internet2">[http://www.presidenri.go.id/ibunagara/ presidenri.go.id]{{Pranala mati|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 26 Juli 2011)</ref>
== Pendhidhikan ==
Ani Yudhoyono tau kuliyah ing Jurusan Kedhokteran ing [[Universitas Kristen Indonésia]], nanging nalika taun kang kaping telu, Ani metu amarga palakrama karo SBY.<ref name="internet2"/> Sawisé iku Ani banjur nutugaké [[kuliyah]] ing [[Universitas Merdeka]] lan lulus kanthi gelar [[Sarjana]] [[Ilmu Pulitik]] nalika [[taun]] [[1998]].<ref name="internet2"/>
== Kagiyatan sosial lan pulitik ==
Ani Yudhoyono tau nyekel kalungguhan Wakil Ketua Umum DPP [[Parté Dhémokrat]], saliyané iku Ani uga aktif ing kagiyatan sosial ing [[Persit Kartika Chandra Kirana]] (Persatuan Istri Tentara), [[Dharma Pertiwi]], lan [[Dharma Wanita]] nalika SBY njabat dadi Mantri Pertambangan lan Energi ing era Papréntahan [[Abdurrahman Wahid]] lan Mantri Koordinator Pulitik dan Keamanan era Papréntahan [[Megawati Soekarnoputri]].<ref name="internet2"/>
== Buku ==
* Ani Yudhoyono: Kepak Sayap Putri Prajurit, Red & White Publishing, [[Alberthiene Endah]], 2010. [[ISBN 978-979-1008-34-1]]<ref name="internet2"/>
== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono|Ani]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh Kutha Ngayogyakarta]]
[[Kategori:Ibu lan bapak nagara Indonésia]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1952]]
{{stub}}
7iv1oz5ft8fo8sds81sns1hxtmn4b6j
FC Bayern München
0
86480
1748904
1732976
2026-05-13T07:54:00Z
Makenzis
33569
1748904
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[File:München - Allianz-Arena (Luftbild).jpg|250px|right|thumb|Stadhion Fussball Arena Kandhang FCBM]]
{{Kotak info klub bal-balan
|clubname = Bayern München
|image = [[Gambar:Logo FC Bayern München (2002–2017).svg|200px|Lambang]]
|current = Mangsa 2010–2011 FC Bayern München
|fullname = Fußball-Club Bayern München e. V.
|founded = [[27 Fèbruari]] [[1900]]
|nickname = ''Der FCB'' <br /> ''Die Bayern'' (wong Bavaria) <br /> ''Die Roten'' (Si Abang)
|ground = [[Allianz Arena]], <br /> [[München]], [[Jerman]]
|capacity = 69.901
|chrtitle = Présidhèn
|chairman = {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Uli Hoeneß]]
|manager = {{flagicon|Kroasia}} [[Niko Kovac]]
|league = [[Bundesliga (bal-balan Jerman)|Bundesliga]]
|season = 2025/26
|position = Bundesliga, 1
| pattern_la1 = _bayern2526h
| pattern_b1 = _bayern2526h
| pattern_ra1 = _bayern2526h
| pattern_sh1 = _bayern2526h
| pattern_so1 = _bayern2526hl
| leftarm1 = FF0000
| body1 = FF0000
| rightarm1 = FF0000
| shorts1 = FF0000
| socks1 = FF0000
| pattern_la2 = _bayern2526a
| pattern_b2 = _bayern2526a
| pattern_ra2 = _bayern2526a
| pattern_sh2 = _bayern2526a
| pattern_so2 = _bayern2526al
| leftarm2 =
| body2 =
| rightarm2 =
| shorts2 =
| socks2 =
| pattern_la3 = _bayern2526t
| pattern_b3 = _bayern2526t
| pattern_ra3 = _bayern2526t
| pattern_sh3 = _bayern2526t
| pattern_so3 = _bayern2526tl
| leftarm3 = 000000
| body3 = 000000
| rightarm3 = 000000
| socks3 = 000000
|website = http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en
}}
'''FC Bayern München''' utawa '''Bayern München''' ya iku klub [[ulah raga]] gedhé dhéwé lan misuwur kaloro ing [[donya]] sabanjuré [[FC Barcelona]] déning cacah 125.115 anggota, uga luwih misuwur tinimbang [[Real Madrid]], [[Manchester United]], [[AC Milan]] lan [[Inter Milan]]. Klub [[bal-balan|bal-balané]] uga wis ndadèkaké jawara ing Jerman ing [[taun]] [[1932]] lan liga bal-balan Jerman [[Bundesliga (bal-balan Jerman)|Bundesliga]] kacathet kaping 21, sajeroning taun [[1969]], [[1972]], [[1973]], [[1974]], [[1980]], [[1981]], [[1985]], [[1986]], [[1987]], [[1989]], [[1990]], [[1994]], [[1997]], [[1999]], [[2000]], [[2001]], [[2003]], [[2005]], [[2006]], [[2008]], lan [[2010]], uga tau dadi jawara [[Liga Champions]] kaping 4. Sajeroning 22 Mèi 2010 ing final [[Liga Champions]], FC Bayern München bisa ditaklukake déning klub raseksa [[Italia]], [[Inter Milan]], kang nggawé Bayern metu saka runner-up.
<!---
== Sejarah ==
Setelah pertikaian antara manajemen klub dan pemain dari MTV 1879 München di bar “Gisela” di Schwabing, 11 pemain memutuskan untuk memisahkan diri dan membentuk klub sendiri dibawah manajemen Franz John pada 27 Februari 1900.
Nama yang dipilih untuk klub yang baru adalah FC Bayern München. Ini adalah awal dari cerita sukses yang unik
Kemenangan ditahun 1932 di Nuernberg pada final melawan Eintracht Frankfurt adalah kemenangan pertama dari total 20 gelar kemenangan. FC Bayern München tidak ikut saat Bundesliga dibentuk. Namun ditahun 1965, klub ini dipromosikan dan menjadi nomor tiga pada musim berikutnya dan sejak saat itu menjadi anggota tetap di Bundesliga, memenangkan 21 gelar kemenangan Bundesliga dan menempatkan klub ini diurutan utama dari Bundesliga. Sejauh ini, FC Bayern München adalah klub tersukses.
Seratus tahun pertama Bayern München–Sejarah dan kisah suksesnya dimulai dan diakhiri dengan nama Franz. Apakah ini suatu kebetulan bahwa Franz John yang mendirikan FC Bayern dan seabad kemudian dengan Franz yang berbeda, kali ini Beckenbauer yang memimpin Bayern München menjadi klub yang disegani dan ideal dengan setumpuk gelar dibelakangnya di abad yang baru sebagai presidennya.
Banyak hal yang membedakan masa dulu dan sekarang. Franz John mendirikan dan membangun Bayern dari nol dan relative senang dengan hasil kemenangan 7-1 Bayern dalam pertandingan pertamanya melawan tim sebelumnya, MTV 1879. Tapi John juga memberikan klub yang “karismatik” ini dengan keunikan pertamanya.
Pada awal mulanya, orang mengenal sebagai Bayern, kemudian sebagai Schwabinger Bayern, dari topi unik para pemainnya. Pada masanya, Franz Beckenbauer telah membantu Bayern München menjadi seperti dirinya saat ini: klub internasional dengan jutaan penggemar, sebuah institusi yang menjangkau sampai jauh diluar persepakbolaan Jerman
Tidak pernah dalam impiannya yang tergila sekalipun Franz John membayangkan bahwa timnya akan menjadi juara Jerman, juara Piala Éropah dan bahkan pemenang kejuaaraan antar klub internasional.
== Warna ==
Pada awalnya warna Bayern adalah putih dan biru, tetapi klub menggunakan kemeja putih dengan celana pendek hitam sampai 1905, ketika Bayern bergabung MSC. MSC memutuskan bahwa para pemain harus bermain dengan celana pendek merah. Bayern telah bermain dengan warna merah dan putih untuk sebagian besar keberadaannya, tapi biru dipakai sebagai pilihan lain. Pada musim 1969-70 kemeja yang bergaris-garis dengan warna biru dan putih, dan celana pendek dan kaus kaki juga biru. Gaya serupa muncul di tahun 1995, ketika itu warna biru menjadi warna dominan untuk pertama kalinya. Dari 1999 tentang Bayern kembali ke warna aslinya.
Kit tandang memiliki berbagai macam warna selama bertahun-tahun, termasuk putih, hitam, biru, dan emas-hijau. Bayern juga dilengkapi kit internasional yang berbeda. Pada 2009, kit rumah merah, kit tandang biru gelap, dan kit internasional putih.
== Organisasi dan Keuangan ==
[[Berkas:Franz Beckenbauer 2006 06 17.jpg|thumb|180px|right|Presiden Bayern Terdahulu dari tahun 1994 hingga tahun 2009 sekaligus Pemain legendaris [[Franz Beckenbauer]]]]
Tim sepak bola profesional di Bayern dijalankan oleh FC Bayern München AG. AG adalah singkatan Aktiengesellschaft, sehingga Bayern adalah sebuah perusahaan gabungan [[saham]] yang tidak terdaftar di bursa saham publik, tetapi milik pribadi. 81,82% dari FC Bayern München AG dimiliki oleh pihak klub, FC Bayern München e. V. (e. V. pendek untuk Eingetragener Verein, yang diterjemahkan menjadi "Klub Terdaftar") dan 9,09% masing-masing oleh [[Adidas]] produsen perlengkapan ulah raga asal [[Jerman]], dan perusahaan mobil asal [[Jerman]], [[Audi]]. Adidas memiliki saham pada tahun 2002 dengan harga € 77m. Uang itu ditujukan untuk membantu membiayai [[Allianz Arena]]. Pada tahun 2009 [[Audi]] membayar bayar € 90m sebagai bagian kepemilikan sahamnya. Modal tersebut digunakan untuk mengembalikan pinjaman pembangunan [[Allianz Arena]] menjadi lebih cepat daripada yang direncanakan.
Mitra iklan utama Bayern dan pemegang hak jersey adalah [[Deutsche Telekom]]. Pemasok kit utama klub ini adalah [[Adidas]]. mitra utama lainnya termasuk [[Audi]], [[Coca-Cola]], [[Lufthansa]], [[Nikon]], [[Siemens]], dan [[Sony Ericsson]] Pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya hak jersey dimiliki oleh [[Adidas]] (1974-1978)., [[Magirus Deutz]] dan [[Iveco]] ( truk / 1978-1984), [[Komodor]] (komputer / 1984-1989) dan [[Opel]] (mobil / 1989-2002).
Bayern sebagian besar dipimpin oleh pemain mantan klub. Presiden klub [[Uli Hoeness]]. Dia telah berada di kantor, sebelumnya sebagai manajer umum klub, sejak tahun 1979. [[Karl-Heinz Rummenigge]] adalah ketua dewan eksekutif FC Bayern München AG. Pengawasan Dewan sembilan sebagian besar terdiri dari manajer dari perusahaan besar Jerman. Mereka adalah Herbert Hainer (CEO adidas), [[Uli Hoeness]], Timotius Höttges, Helmut Markwort, Dieter Rampl, Fritz Scherer, Rupert Stadler, Edmund Stoiber, dan Martin Winterkorn.
Setelah pendapatan catatan € 328,4 juta pada tahun 2007-08 dan laba setelah pajak sebesar € 2,1 Juta, Bayern melaporkan pendapatan sebesar € 303,8 juta dan keuntungan sebesar € 2,5 Juta pada 2008-09. Menurut data Deloitte Football Money League, Bayern adalah klub terkaya keempat di dunia pada tahun 2009, menghasilkan pendapatan sebesar € 289,5 Juta.
== Allianz Arena ==
{{Main|Allianz Arena}}
[[Berkas:allianzarenacombo.jpg|thumb|250px|Allianz Arena berwarna merah ketika [[Bayern München]] bermain, berwarna biru ketika [[TSV 1860 München]] bermain dan berwarna putih untuk {{timnas|Jerman|tim nasional Jerman}}.]]
'''Allianz Arena''' adalah stadion [[sepak bola]] yang terletak di distrik [[Fröttmaning]] di sebelah utara kota [[Munchen]]. Dibuka pada [[30 Mei]] [[2005]] dengan pertandingan persahabatan antara [[TSV 1860 München]] dan [[1. FC Nürnberg]], stadion ini merupakan tempat pertandingan pembukaan [[Piala Dunia 2006]]. Setelah selesai dibangun, stadion ini menggantikan [[Olympiastadion, Munchen|Olympiastadion]] sebagai stadion kandang bagi [[TSV 1860 München]] dan [[Bayern München|FC Bayern München]].
Stadion super modern ini dirancang oleh firma arsitektur [[Swiss]], [[Herzog & de Meuron]] dan berkapasitas 66.000 tempat duduk untuk pertandingan Internasional. lapisan bagian luar tersusun dari 1056 panel berbentuk belah ketupat, yang masing-masing dapat diterangi dalam warna yang berbeda - beda (merah, biru atau putih), sehingga terlihat seperti suatu pola yang bergerak.
Pada awalnya stadion ini merupakan patungan dari dua tim sepak bola asal kota [[Munchen]]. Tapi pada tahun 2010, Bayern Munchen membeli penuh Hak atas Allianz Arena, setelah TSV 1860 München mengalami masalah keuangan dan tidak lagi sanggup untuk menutup utang pembangunan.
--->
== Prestasi ==
Adidasar saka sajarah Bayern ya iku tim misuwur bal-balan kang ana ing [[Jerman]], amarga klub iki tau dadi jawara menang paling akèh lan paling akèh ngumpulake piala. München uga kagolong tim Jerman paling sukses sajeroning tetandhingan internasional, sabanjuré menang enem trofi. Bayern dadi salah sijiné saka telu klub kang menang telu tetandhingan gedhé ing [[Éropah]] uga dadi klub pungkasan kang menang [[UEFA Champions League|Liga Champions]] kaping telu katurut-turut , München uga nganggo lencana multi-pamenang sajeroning tetandhingan [[UEFA Champions League|Liga Champions]].
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Align=Left|Gelar
! Align=Left|Taun
! Align=Left|''Runner-up''
|-
|'''[[Piala Interkontinental]]
| 1977, 2001
|-
|'''[[Liga Champions|Piala/Liga Champions]]
| 1974, 1975, 1976, 2001
| 1982, 1987, 1999, 2010
|-
|'''[[Piala Winners]]
|VAlign=Top| 1967
|-
|'''[[Piala UEFA]]
| 1996
|
|-
|VAlign=Top|'''Juara Jerman (-1963), [[Bundesliga|Bundesliga/Liga Jerman]] (22x)
|VAlign=Top|1931/1932, 1968/1969, 1971/1972, 1972/1973, 1973/1974, 1979/1980, 1980/1981, 1984/1985, 1985/1986, 1986/1987, 1988/1989, 1989/1990, 1993/1994, 1996/1997, 1998/1999, 1999/2000, 2000/2001, 2002/2003, 2004/2005, 2005/2006, 2007/2008, 2009/2010
|VAlign=Top| 1969/70, 1970/71, 1987/88, 1990/91, 1992/93, 1995/96, 1997/98, 2003/04, 2008/09
|-
|VAlign=Top|'''[[Piala Jerman|DFB-Pokal/Piala Jerman]] (17x)
|VAlign=Top| 1957, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1971, 1982, 1984, 1986, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2010
|VAlign=Top| 1985, 1999
|-
|VAlign=Top|'''[[Premiere Ligapokal/Piala Liga Jerman]] (10x)
|VAlign=Top| 1982, 1987, 1990, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2008
|VAlign=Top| 2006
|-
|VAlign=Top|'''[[Trofi Santiago Bernabéu]] (3x)
| 1979, 1980, 2002
|}
== Présidhèn Bayern ==
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Era!!Présidhèn
|-
|27 November 2009—*||[[Uli Hoeneß]]
|-
|7 Oktober 1994—27 November 2009||[[Franz Beckenbauer]]
|-
|9 Oktober 1985—7 Oktober 1994||Prof. Dr. Fritz Scherer
|-
|24 April 1979—9 Oktober 1985||Willi O. Hoffmann
|-
|1962—19 Maret 1979||Wilhelm Neudecker
|-
|1958—1962||Roland Endler
|-
|1955—1958||Alfred Reitlinger
|-
|1953—1955||Adolf Fischer{{br}}Karli Wild{{br}}Hugo Theisinger
|-
|1951—1953||Julius Scheuring
|-
|1947—1951||[[Kurt Landauer]]
|-
|1945—1947||Siegfried Hermann
|-
|1945||Josef Bayer
|-
|1945||Franz Xaver Heilmansseder
|-
|1943—1945||Sauter
|-
|1938—1943||Kellner
|-
|1937—1938
|Franz Nußhardt
|-
|1935—1937
|Dr. Richard Amesmeier
|-
|1934—1935
|Dr. Karl-Heinz Oettinger
|-
|1933—1934
|Siegfried Hermann
|-
|1922—1933
|Kurt Landauer
|-
|1921—1922
|Fred Dunn
|-
|1919—1921
|[[Kurt Landauer]]
|-
|1916—1919
|Fritz Meier
|-
|1916
|Hans Bermühler
|-
|1915
|Fritz Meier
|-
|1915
|Hans Tusch
|-
|1914—1915
|Fred Dunn
|-
|1913—1914
|[[Kurt Landauer]]
|-
|1907—1913
|Dr. Angelo Knorr
|-
|1906—1907
|Kurt Müller
|-
|1903—1906
|Dr. Willem Hesselink
|-
|1900—1903
|Franz John
|}
== Bebungah kanggo juru main ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Colspan=3|Pamain Paling Apik
|-
! Align=Left|Gelar
! Align=Left|Pamain
! Align=Left|Taun
|-
| valign="top" Rowspan=1|'''[[Ballon d'Or|Pamian Paling Apik Donya FIFA]]'''{{br}}<small>Gelar diwenenhake wiwit taun 1991
|[[Lothar Matthäus]]
|1991
|-
| valign="top" Rowspan=1|'''[[Ballon d'Or|Pamian Paling Apik Donya]]'''{{br}}<small>Gelar diwènèhake wiwit taun 1982
|[[Lothar Matthäus]]
|1990
|-
| valign="top" Rowspan=1|'''[[Ballon d'Or|Pamian Paling Apik Donya ''World Soccer Magazine'']]'''{{br}}<small>Gelar diwènèhake wiwit taun 1982
|[[Lothar Matthäus]]
|1990
|-
| valign="top" Rowspan=3|'''[[Ballon d'Or|Pamian Paling Apik Éropah]]'''{{br}}<small>Gelar Gelar diwènèhake wiwit taun 1956
| [[Karl-Heinz Rummenigge]], FC Bayern München
| 1980, 1981
|-
| [[Franz Beckenbauer]], FC Bayern München
| 1972, 1976
|-
| [[Gerd Müller]], FC Bayern München
| 1970
|-
| valign="top" Rowspan=8 Align=left|'''[[Pamain Paling Apik Jerman]]'''{{br}}<small>Gelar diwènèhake wiwit taun 1960
|[[Michael Ballack]], FC Bayern München
|2003, 2005
|-
|[[Oliver Kahn]], FC Bayern München
|2000, 2001
|-
|[[Lothar Matthäus]], [[F.C. Internazionale Milano|Inter Milan]] lan FC Bayern München
|1990, 1999
|-
|[[Paul Breitner]], FC Bayern München
|1981
|-
|[[Karl-Heinz Rummenigge]], FC Bayern München
|1980
|-
|[[Sepp Maier]], FC Bayern München
|1975, 1977, 1978
|-
|[[Franz Beckenbauer]], FC Bayern München
|1966, 1968, 1974, 1976
|-
|[[Gerd Müller]], FC Bayern München
|1967,1969
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Colspan=2|Sepatu Emas kanggo Pancetak Gol Paling Akèh ing Éropah
|-
! Align=Left|Pamain
! Align=Left|Taun (gol)
|-
|[[Gerd Müller]]
| 1970 (28), 1972 (40)
|-
! Colspan=2|Pancetak gol paling akèh Bundesliga
|-
! Align=Left|Pamain
! Align=Left|Taun (gol)
|-
|[[Luca Toni]]
| 2008 (24)
|-
|[[Giovane Elber]]
| 2003 (21)
|-
|[[Roland Wohlfarth]]
| 1991 (21), 1989 (17)
|-
|[[Karl-Heinz Rummenigge]]
| 1980 (26), 1981 (29), 1984 (26)
|-
|[[Gerd Müller]]
| 1967 (28), 1969 (30), 1970 (28), 1972 (40), 1973 (36), 1974 (30)
<!--
|-
|VAlign=Top|'''Catatan'''
|<small> 2003: jointly w. [[Thomas Christiansen]] ([[VfL Bochum]]){{br}}
1989: jointly w. [[Thomas Allofs]] ([[1.FC Köln]]){{br}}
1977: jointly w. [[Dieter Müller]] ([[1.FC Köln]]){{br}}
1974: jointly w. [[Jupp Heynckes]] ([[Borussia Mönchengladbach]]){{br}}
1976: jointly w. [[Lothar Emmerich]] ([[Borussia Dortmund]]){{br}}
The scores by Müller of 1972, 70 and 73 are still unmatched record{{br}}
The score by Rummenigge of 1981 has been unmatched since{{br}}
-->
|-
! Colspan=2|Pencetak gol paling akèh [[Piala Donya FIFA|Piala Donya]]
|-
! Align=Left|Pamain
! Align=Left|Taun (gol)
|-
|VAlign=top|[[Gerd Müller]]
| 1970 (10)
|}
== Skuat ==
=== Tim utama ===
{{Updated|1 Agustus 2011}}<ref name=squad>{{cite web|title=FC Bayern München – First Team|access-date=2011-02-02|year=2011|publisher=fcbayern.de|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/teams/profis/index.php}}</ref>
{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=1|nat=Jerman|name=[[Manuel Neuer]]|pos=GK}}
{{Fs player|no=2|nat=Brasil|name=[[Breno Borges|Breno]]|pos=DF}}
{{Fs player|no=5|nat=Bèlgi|name=[[Daniel Van Buyten]]|pos=DF}}
{{Fs player|no=7|nat=Prancis|name=[[Franck Ribéry]]|pos=MF}}
{{Fs player|no=9|nat=Jerman|name=[[Nils Petersen]]|pos=FW}}
{{Fs player|no=10|nat=Belanda|name=[[Arjen Robben]]|pos=MF}}
{{Fs player|no=11|nat=Kroasia|name=[[Ivica Olić]]|pos=FW}}
{{Fs player|no=13|nat=Brasil|name=[[Rafinha]]|pos=DF}}
{{Fs player|no=14|nat=Jepang|name=[[Takashi Usami]]|pos=MF|other=pinjaman dari [[Gamba Osaka]]}}
{{Fs player|no=17|nat=Jerman|name=[[Jérôme Boateng]]|pos=DF}}
{{Fs player|no=21|nat=Jerman|name=[[Philipp Lahm]] [[Berkas:Captain sports.svg|12px|Kapten]]|pos=DF}}
{{Fs player|no=22|nat=Jerman|name=[[Hans-Jörg Butt]]|pos=GK}}
{{Fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=23|nat=Kroasia|name=[[Danijel Pranjić]]|pos=MF}}
{{Fs player|no=24|nat=Jerman|name=[[Maximilian Riedmüller]]|pos=GK}}
{{Fs player|no=25|nat=Jerman|name=[[Thomas Müller]]|pos=FW}}
{{Fs player|no=26|nat=Jerman|name=[[Diego Contento]]|pos=DF}}
{{Fs player|no=27|nat=Ostenrik|name=[[David Alaba]]|pos=MF}}
{{Fs player|no=28|nat=Jerman|name=[[Holger Badstuber]]|pos=DF}}
{{Fs player|no=30|nat=Brasil|name=[[Luiz Gustavo]]|pos=MF}}
{{Fs player|no=31|nat=Jerman|name=[[Bastian Schweinsteiger]]|pos=MF|other=wakil kapten}}
{{Fs player|no=32|nat=Jerman|name=[[Rouven Sattelmaier]]|pos=GK}}
{{Fs player|no=33|nat=Jerman|name=[[Mario Gómez]]|pos=FW}}
{{Fs player|no=39|nat=Jerman|name=[[Toni Kroos]]|pos=MF}}
{{Fs player|no=44|nat=Ukraina|name=[[Anatoliy Tymoshchuk]]|pos=MF}}
{{Fs end}}
=== Dipensiunake ===
* <big>'''12'''</big> – Pandukung klub (juru main ke-12)
== Mantan juru main misuwur ==
{{main|Pratélan juru main FC Bayern München}}
{|table class="infobox" width="180px"
|-
|<div style="position: relative;">
[[Gambar:Soccer.Field Transparant.png|175px]]
{{Image label|x=0.23|y=0.05|scale=350|text=<font size=1>[[Sepp Maier|Maier]]</font>}}
{{Image label|x=0.06|y=0.22|scale=350|text=<font size=1>[[Klaus Augenthaler|Augenthaler]]</font>}}
{{Image label|x=0.07|y=0.15|scale=350|text=<font size=1>[[Georg Schwarzenbeck|Schwarzenbeck]]</font>}}
{{Image label|x=0.30|y=0.15|scale=350|text=<font size=1>[[Franz Beckenbauer|Beckenbauer]]</font>}}
{{Image label|x=0.35|y=0.22|scale=350|text=<font size=1>[[Paul Breitner|Breitner]]</font>}}
{{Image label|x=0.10|y=0.40|scale=350|text=<font size=1>[[Mehmet Scholl|Scholl]]</font>}}
{{Image label|x=0.20|y=0.35|scale=350|text=<font size=1>[[Stefan Effenberg|Effenberg]]</font>}}
{{Image label|x=0.32|y=0.40|scale=350|text=<font size=1>[[Lothar Matthäus|Matthäus]]</font>}}
{{Image label|x=0.06|y=0.55|scale=350|text=<font size=1>[[Karl-Heinz Rummenigge|Rummenigge]]</font>}}
{{Image label|x=0.23|y=0.50|scale=350|text=<font size=1>[[Gerd Müller|Müller]]</font>}}
{{Image label|x=0.38|y=0.55|scale=350|text=<font size=1>[[Giovane Elber|Elber]]</font>}}
</div>
|-
|<small>Skuat ''Paling Apik ing Sajarah'' kapilih déning punjul 79.901 pandukung sajeroning taun [[2005]]. [[Ottmar Hitzfeld]] ditunjuk minangka palatih.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fans name greatest Reds of all time|access-date=24 Novèmber 2007|date=1 Juni 2005|publisher=The official FC Bayern Munich Website|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2005/04283.php}}</ref></small>
|}
Pratélan juru main kang kagolong saka '''Anggota Kehormatan FC Bayern München'''.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hall of Fame|access-date=11 Agustus 2008|year=2008|publisher=The official FC Bayern Munich Website|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/company/club/hall_of_fame/index.php}}</ref> Pada tetandhingan perpisahannya, [[Oliver Kahn]] dinyatakan sebagai kapten kehormatan tim.<ref>{{cite web|title=Kahn wird Ehrenspielführer des FCB|access-date=2 Sèptèmber 2008|date=15 Agustus 2008|publisher=Situs web resmi FC Bayern München|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/aktuell/news/2008/16656.php?fcb}}</ref>
'''1970-an:'''
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Franz Beckenbauer]] ([[Bek|DF]])
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Gerd Müller]] ([[Panyerang|FW]])
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Uli Hoeneß]] ([[Panyerang|FW]])
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Sepp Maier]] ([[Panjaga gawang|PG]])
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Hans-Georg Schwarzenbeck]] ([[Bek|DF]])
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Paul Breitner]] ([[Gelandang|MF]])
'''1980-an:'''
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Karl-Heinz Rummenigge]] ([[Panyerang|FW]])
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Dieter Hoeneß]] ([[Penyerang|FW]])
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Klaus Augenthaler]] ([[Bek|DF]])
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Roland Wohlfarth]] ([[Penyerang|FW]])
'''1990-an:'''
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Lothar Matthäus]] ([[Bek|DF]]/[[Gelandang|MF]])
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Stefan Effenberg]] ([[Gelandang|MF]])
'''2000-an:'''
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Oliver Kahn]] ([[Penjaga gawang|PG]])
* {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Mehmet Scholl]] ([[Gelandang|MF]])
* {{flagicon|Brasil}} [[Giovane Elber]] ([[Penyerang|FW]])
== Kapten ==
Ing mangsa iki, tahta kapten dicekel déning panjenengané [[Philipp Lahm]], sabanjuré kapten sadurungé njabat wiwit kapisana mangsa 2008, [[Mark van Bommel]], uga ninggal tim lan gabung déning [[A.C. Milan]] sajeroning wulan Januari 2011. Sawatara, [[Bastian Schweinsteiger]] ing mangsa iki dadi wakil kapten,kang sadurungé dadi wakil kapten kaloro wakil.
[[Gambar:Philipp Lahm, Germany national football team (07).jpg|195px|thumb|[[Philipp Lahm]], kapten timkatahanan.]]
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Taun!!Kapten
|-
|align=center|1965—1970||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Werner Olk]] ([[Bek|DF]])
|-
|align=center|1970—1977||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Franz Beckenbauer]] ([[Bek|DF]])
|-
|align=center|1977—1979||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Sepp Maier]] ([[Penjaga gawang|PG]])
|-
|align=center|1979||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Gerd Müller]] ([[Penyerang|FW]])
|-
|align=center|1979—1980||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Georg Schwarzenbeck]] ([[Bek|DF]])
|-
|align=center|1980—1983||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Paul Breitner]] ([[Gelandang|MF]])
|-
|align=center|1983—1984||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Karl-Heinz Rummenigge]] ([[Penyerang|FW]])
|-
|align=center|1984—1991||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Klaus Augenthaler]] ([[Bek|DF]])
|-
|align=center|1991—1994||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Raimond Aumann]] ([[Penjaga gawang|PG]])
|-
|align=center|1994—1996||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Lothar Matthäus]] ([[Bek|DF]])
|-
|align=center|1997—1999||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Thomas Helmer]] ([[Bek|DF]])
|-
|align=center|1999—2002||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Stefan Effenberg]] ([[Gelandang|MF]])
|-
|align=center|2002—2008||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Oliver Kahn]] ([[Penjaga gawang|PG]])
|-
|align=center|2008—2011||{{flagicon|Belanda}} [[Mark van Bommel]] ([[Gelandang|MF]])
|-
|align=center|2011—''kini''||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Philipp Lahm]] ([[Bek|DF]])
|}
== Kapalatihan ==
=== Staff ing mangsa saiki ===
{{Updated|8 Juni 2011}}<ref name=squad2>{{cite web|title=FC Bayern München – Der Kader 2009/10|access-date=18 Novèmber 2010|year=2010|publisher=fcbayern.de|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/de/mannschaften/profis/index.php?fcb_sid=70f4a2e35b37c6de303da0ed5a8ad516}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Van Gaal introduced staff members|publisher=Situs web resmi FC Bayern München|date=1 Juli 2009|access-date=2 Juli 2009|url=http://www.fcbayern.t-home.de/en/news/news/2009/19927.php}}</ref>
[[Gambar:Jupp Heynckes.jpg|225px|thumb|[[Jupp Heynckes]], palatih tim katahanan.]]
{| class="wikitable"
!Posisi!!Pejabat
|-
|Pelatih kepala||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Jupp Heynckes]]
|-
|Asisten pelatih||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Hermann Gerland]] <br /> {{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Peter Hermann (pemain sepak bola)|Peter Hermann]]
|-
|Pelatih [[penjaga gawang]]||{{flagicon|Kroasia}} Toni Tapalović
|-
|Pelatih mental||{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Philipp Laux]]
|-
|Pelatih kebugaran||{{flagicon|Jerman}} Thomas Wilhelmi <br /> {{flagicon|Brasil}} Marcelo Martins <br /> {{flagicon|Jerman}} Andreas Kornmayer
|-
|Koordinator latihan||{{flagicon|Belanda}} Jos van Dijk
|-
|Analis tetandhingan||{{flagicon|Belanda}} [[Marcel Bout]]
|-
|Analis video||{{flagicon|Belanda}} Max Reckers
|}
=== Pratélan pelatih ===
Bayern München duwé 17 paLatih wiwit promosi ing [[Bundesliga (bal-balan Jerman)|Bundesliga]] aunt 1965. [[Udo Lattek]], [[Franz Beckenbauer]], [[Giovanni Trapattoni]], [[Ottmar Hitzfeld]], lan pelatih ing mangsa saiki, [[Jupp Heynckes]] njabat kaping loro ing mangsa dadi palatih kepala.<ref>{{cite book|last=Schulze-Marmeling|first=Dietrich|title=Die Bayern. Die Geschichte des deutschen Rekordmeisters|publisher=Die Werkstatt|year=2003|pages=595|isbn=389533426X}}</ref> Pada 25 Maret 2011, diumumkan bahwa Heynckes akan menjalani mangsa ketiganya sebagai pelatih, sejak 2011 hingga setidaknya 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,14943512,00.html|title=Bayern Appoint Jupp Heynckes as new coach|access-date=25 Maret 2011|publisher=Deutsche Welle}}</ref>
Manajer tim ing mangsa iki dicekel panjenengané [[Andries Jonker]], kang dadi pamangku kalungguhan manajer sawisé [[Louis van Gaal]] dipecat.
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!style="width:3em"|No.
!style="width:13em"|Pelatih
!class=unsortable|Wiwit!!class=unsortable|Nganthi!!Suwé <small>(hari)</small>
!colspan ="2" style="width:23em"|Gelar gedhé dhéwé
|-
||1||align=left|{{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} [[Zlatko Čajkovski]]
||1 Juli 1963||30 Juni 1968||1.096
||3||align=left|<small>loro piala, siji Piala Winners Éropah</small>
|-
||2||align=left|{{flagicon|Yugoslavia}} [[Branko Zebec]]
||1 Juli 1968||13 Maret 1970||621
||2||align=left|<small>siji kajuaraan, siji piala</small>
|-
||3||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Udo Lattek]]
||14 Maret 1970||2 Januari 1975||1.756
||5||align=left|<small>telu kajuaraan, siji piala, siji Piala Éropah</small>
|-
||4||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Dettmar Cramer]]
||16 Januari 1975||1 Dhésèmber 1977||1.051
||3
|align=left|<small>loro Piala Éropah, siji Piala Interkontinental</small>
|-
||5||align=left|{{flagicon|Honggari}} [[Gyula Lorant]]
||{{nowrap|2 Dhésèmber 1977}}||28 Fèbruari 1979||454
||||
|-
||6||align=left|{{flagicon|Honggari}} [[Pal Csernai]]
||1 Maret 1979||16 Mèi 1983||1.538
||3||align=left|<small>loro kajuaraan, siji piala</small>
|-
||7||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Reinhard Saftig]]
||17 Mèi 1983||30 Juni 1983||45
||||
|-
||8||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Udo Lattek]]
||1 Juli 1983||30 Juni 1987||1.461
||5||align=left|<small>telu kejuaraan, loro piala</small>
|-
||9||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Jupp Heynckes]]
||1 Juli 1987||8 Oktober 1991||1.561
||2||align=left|<small>loro kejuaraan</small>
|-
||10||align=left|{{flagicon|Dhènemarken}} [[Søren Lerby]]
||9 Oktober 1991||11 Maret 1992||155
||||
|-
||11||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Erich Ribbeck]]
||12 Maret 1992||{{nowrap|27 Dhésèmber 1993}}||656
||||
|-
||12||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Franz Beckenbauer]]
||7 Januari 1994||30 Juni 1994||175
||1||align=left|<small>siji kajuaraan</small>
|-
||13||align=left|{{flagicon|Itali}} [[Giovanni Trapattoni]]
||1 Juli 1994||30 Juni 1995||365
||||
|-
||14||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Otto Rehhagel]]
||1 Juli 1995||27 April 1996||302
||||
|-
||15<sup>*</sup>||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Franz Beckenbauer]]
||29 April 1996||30 Juni 1996||63
||1||align=left|<small>siji Piala UEFA</small>
|-
|16||align=left|{{flagicon|Itali}} [[Giovanni Trapattoni]]
||1 Juli 1996||30 Juni 1998||730
||2||align=left|<small>siji kajuaraan, siji piala</small>
|-
|17
|align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Ottmar Hitzfeld]]
||1 Juli 1998||30 Juni 2004||2.192
||8||align=left|<small>papayt kajuaraan, lara piala, siji Liga Champions,<br /> siji Piala Interkontinental</small>
|-
|18||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Felix Magath]]
||1 Juli 2004||31 Januari 2007||945
||4||align=left|<small>loro kejuaraan, loro piala</small>
|-
|19||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Ottmar Hitzfeld]]
||1 Fèbruari 2007||30 Juni 2008||516
||2||align=left|<small>siji kejuaraan, siji piala</small>
|-
|20||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Jürgen Klinsmann]]
||1 Juli 2008||27 April 2009||302
|style="width:3em"|0||
|-
|21<sup>*</sup>||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Jupp Heynckes]]
||27 April 2009||31 Mèi 2009||35
|style="width:3em"|0||
|-
|22||align=left|{{flagicon|Belanda}} [[Louis van Gaal]]
||1 Juli 2009||10 April 2011||648
|style="width:3em"|2||align=left|<small>siji kejuaraan, siji piala</small>
|-
|23<sup>*</sup>||align=left|{{flagicon|Nèderlan}} [[Andries Jonker]]
||10 April 2011||26 Juni 2011||{{Age in days|2011|04|10}}
|style="width:3em"|0||align=left|
|-
|24||align=left|{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Jupp Heynckes]]
||27 Juni 2011||||
|style="width:3em"|0||
|}
== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala njaba ==
* {{Official|http://www.fcbayern.de}}
* [http://www.allianzarena.de/ Allianzarena.de]
* [http://www.fcb-blog.de/ FCB-Blog]
* [http://www.mythos-bayern.de/ Mythos-Bayern]
{{Bundesliga}}
{{G14}}
{{FIFA Clubs of the 20th Century}}
[[Kategori:FC Bayern München| ]]
mgo982s0bw89vmxh2v0ozxmqs343u6b
Kalki
0
91801
1748886
1672031
2026-05-13T00:05:48Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748886
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Hindu Déwa Infobox
| Image = Kalki1790s.jpg
| Caption =
| Nama = Kalki
| Devanagari = कल्कि
| Ejaan_Sanskerta = Kalki
| Ejaan_Pali =
| Golongan = [[Awatara|Awatara Wisnu]]
| Gelar_sebagai = Awatara Wisnu kang negakake kabecikan {{br}} ing pungkasan [[Kaliyuga]] ([[Kaliyuga|jaman kagelapan]])
| Tempat =
| Mantra =
| Senjata = [[Pedang]]
| Pasangan =
| Wahana = Kuda putih
| Planit =
}}
Wonten ing [[agama]] [[Hindhu]], '''Kalki''' {{Sanskerta|कल्कि|Kalki| ugi dipunserat minangka '''Kalkin''' saha '''Kalaki'''}} inggih punika [[awatara]] [[Wisnu]] ingkang angka sedasa utawi ingkang pungkasan, ingkang samangké bakal tumeka wonten ing pungkasaning jaman [[Kali yuga]].<ref name="buku 1">Dharam Vir Singh (Alih Basa Déning I. G. A. Dewi Paramitha, S. S. (2006). ''Hinduisme Sebuah Pengantar''. Surabaya: Penerbit Paramita.</ref>
Asma Kalki asring dipunsebut minangka éwah-ewahanipun kanggé wekdal kaliyan keabadian. Manéka warna tradisi kangungan manéka warna kapitadosan saha pamikiring babagan kapan, kados pundi, wonten pundi, saha kénging punapa '''Kalki''' bakal medal. Penggambaran ingkang umum babagan '''Kalki''', Beliau inggih punika [[awatara]] ingkang nitih [[jaran|turangga]] putih (manéka sumber nyébataken nama [[jaran|turangganipun]] ''Devadatta'' [anugerah (déwa [[Hindhu]] saha dipunlukisaken minangka [[jaran|turangga]] ingkang saged mabur). Kalki gadhah pedang ingkang dipun-ginakaken kanggé mbrasta angkara murka saha iblis [[Kali (iblis)|Kali]], sabibaripun saged nengenaken malih [[dharma]] saha miwiti jaman énggal.<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.dharmagiriutama.org/kalki-awatara.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121211065830/http://www.dharmagiriutama.org/kalki-awatara.html |date=2012-12-11 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 11 November 2012)</ref>
== Ètimologi ==
Tembung ''kalki'' asring minangka sawijining kiasan saking "kekekalan" utawi "wekdal". Asal muasalipun nama mau dipunprakirakaken saking tembung "kalka'' ingkang ngemu teges "reged", utawi "nistha" saha amargi punika "Kalki" ateges "Pambrasta angkara murka". Wonten ing [[basa Hindi]], ''kalki avatar'' ateges "inkarnasi ing mangsa ingkang badhé kalampahan".<ref name="buku 2">I Ketut Sukartha, dkk. (2003). ''Agama Hindu untuk SLTP Kelas 3'' ISBN 979-571-020-6 (jilid 1). Denpasar: Penerbit Ganeca Exact.</ref>''
== Ramalan Babagan Kalki ==
Salah satunggaling sumber ingkang kapisan nyebutaken tembung Kalki inggih punika ''[[Wisnupurana]]'', ingkang dipunduga medal sabibaripun mangsa "Karajan Gupta" antawis abad ke-7 SM. [[Wisnu]] inggih punika déwa pamelihara saha palindung, salah satunggal saking [[Trimurti]], saha minangka panengah ingkang nimbang pancaipta saha pamralina. Kalki ugi wonten ing salah satunggal saking 18 kitab''[[Purana]]'' ingkang utama, ''[[Agnipurana]]''. Kitab ''[[Purana]]'' ingkang ngamot mliginipun babagan Kalki inggih punika ''[[Kalkipurana]]''. Wonten ing kitab mau karembag kapan, wonten ing pundi, kados pundi, sarta kénging punpa Kalki Awatara njalma.<ref name="internet 3">[http://www.indoforum.org/showthread.php?t=36769](dipunundhuh tanggal 11 November 2012)</ref>
== Penafsiran babagan ramalan Kalki ==
Kanthah panulis ing mangsa pun ika ingkang nyobi gayutaken tokoh wonten ing sajarah punika kaliyan Kalki. Pétungan tradhisional babagan wekdal jaman [[Kaliyuga]] inggih punika antawis 432.000 taun<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://vedabase.net/sb/3/11/19/en1 |title=Bhaktivedanta VedaBase |access-date=2012-11-15 |archive-date=2015-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150625020741/http://vedabase.net/sb/3/11/19/en1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> saha kawiwitan taun 3102 SM,<ref>The Indus Script and the Rg-Veda, Page 16, By Egbert Richter-Ushanas, ISBN 81-208-1405-3</ref> damel pamanggih-pamanggih mau boten gampilo dipuntampi. Kathah sarjana kados ta [[Sri Yukteswar Giri]] saha [[David Frawley]] ingkang suka pamanggih bilih wonten siklus pertengahan wonten ing siklus 432.000 taun.<ref>The Holy Science, by Jnanavatar Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri, Yogoda Sat-Sanga Society of India, 1949</ref><ref>''Astrology of the Seers'', Lotus Press, Twin Lakes, Wisconsin ISBN 0-914955-89-6</ref>
* Shree Veera Brahmendra Maha Swami, nyerat "Divya Maha Kala Jnana" (Pengetahuan Suci babagan Wekdal) antawis 1000 taun kapengker, "mengklaim" bilih Kalki badhé medal nalika [[Bulan]], [[Matahari]], [[Venus]], saha [[Yupiter]] wonten ing garis lurus; manéka kadadéan boten langka saha ingkang salajengipun kaduga badhé kadadéan nalika taun 2012 utawi langkung.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ww-iii.tripod.com/hindu.htm |title=Hindu Prophecies: Translations from the Kalkii Purana |access-date=2012-11-15 |archive-date=2013-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116065630/http://ww-iii.tripod.com/hindu.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Pandit Ved Prakash Upadhyay suka pamanggih wonten ing bukunipun ''Kalkii Autar aur Muhammad Sahib'' bilih [[Muhammad]] cocog kaliyan sadaya ramalan babagan Kalki.<ref>''Kalkii Avatar Aur Muhammad Sahib'', Pundit Ved Prakash Upadhyay, 1969 and 1970</ref> The book ''Muhammad in the Hindu Scriptures'' claims Muhammad to be Kalki based on research from all [[Vedas]], [[Puranas]] and [[Upanishads]].<ref>''Muhammad in the Hindu Scriptures'', Pundit Ved Prakash Upadhyay, Islamic Book Trust, pp. 43-71</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indiadivine.org/hinduism/articles/188/1/Bhavishya-Purana%3A-The-Prediction-of-Islam |title="A reference from bhavishya purana and atharva veda" |access-date=2012-11-15 |archive-date=2006-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721045721/http://www.indiadivine.org/hinduism/articles/188/1/Bhavishya-Purana%3A-The-Prediction-of-Islam |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nanging boten wonten kutipan ing ''Kalkipurana'' utawi ''Purana'' sanèsipun ingkang mbandingaken Muhammad kaliyan Kalki saha pamanggih mau boten dipunsarirai amargi dipunanggep minangka kebetulan.
* Ismaili Khojas, sawijining golongan Muslim [[Shia]] saking [[Gujarat]] saha Sindh kaliyan para pangikut [[Aga Khan]], yakin sedasa [[Awatara]] [[Wisnu]]meyakini. Miturut golongan punika, [[Ali bin Abi Thalib|Imam Ali]], mantu Muhammad minangka Kalki.[http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a789048858~tab=content][http://www.berzinarchives.com/web/en/archives/study/islam/kalachakra_islam/religious_conversion_shambhala.html]
* Pangikut [[agama]] [[Bahá'í]] nafsiraken ramalan babagan Kalki minangka referensi rawuhipun [[Bahá'u'lláh]],<ref>{{cite book | title = Hinduism and the Bahá'í Faith | first = Moojan | last = Momen | publisher = George Ronald | location = Oxford | year = 1990 | isbn = 0-85398-299-6 | chapter = Hindhu Prophecies | url = http://bahai-library.com/books/hinduism/ch4.htm | access-date = 2012-11-15 | archive-date = 2022-03-10 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220310120459/http://bahai-library.com/books/hinduism/ch4.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Studies in Modern Religions, Religious Movements and the Bābī-Bahā'ī Faiths | editor = Sharon, Moshe | chapter = The eschatology of Globalization: The multiple-messiahship of Bahā'u'llāh revisited | first = Christopher | last = Buck | isbn = 90-04-13904-4 | pages = 143–178 | location = Boston | publisher = Brill | year = 2004 | url = http://bahai-library.com/pdf/2010_06/buck_eschatology_globalization.pdf | access-date = 2012-11-15 | archive-date = 2022-08-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220806154459/https://bahai-library.com/pdf/2010_06/buck_eschatology_globalization.pdf | url-status = dead }}</ref> ingkang gadhah peran ingkang wigati wonten ing perkembangining [[agama]] Bahá'í ing [[India]].<ref name="garlington">[http://www.h-net.org/~bahai/bhpapers/india1.htm The Baha'i Faith in India: A Developmental Stage Approach] by William Garlington, Occasional Papers in Shaykhi, Babi and Baha'i Studies, No. 2 (June, 1997)</ref>
* Jamaah [[Ahmadiyyah]] percaya bilih [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]] minangka Kalki awatara.<ref>{{cite book | title = Oxford Handbook of Global Religions | first = Mark | last = Juergensmeyer | publisher =Oxford University Press | location = Oxford | year = 2006 | page = 520 | id = ISBN 978-0-19-513798-9, ISBN (Ten digit): 0195137981| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=lQMurMhRtfIC&pg=PA520&lpg=PA520&dq=mirza+ghulam+ahmad+and+kalki&source=web&ots=U9KkJuucTS&sig=G7Yri05Mxusy3JGIlP-mGej9oJM&hl=en#PPA520,M1
}}</ref>
* Wonten bukunipun kanthi sesirah ''The Aquarian Message'', [[Samael Aun Weor]] ngeklaim bilih piyambakipun minangka Kalki awatara.<ref name="am">{{cite book | author=Samael Aun Weor | title=The Aquarian Message: Gnostic Kabbalah and Tarot in the Apocalypse of St. John | publisher=Glorian Publishing | origyear=1960 | year=2004 | isbn=0-9745916-5-3 | pages=224}}</ref>
* Wonten ing buku ''The Avatar of What Is'' olèh Carolyn Lee PhD dan ''Holy Madness'' déning [[Georg Feuerstein]], nedahaken bilih [[Adi Da]] inggih punika Kalki awatara.<ref name="da">{{cite book | author=Carolyn Lee | title=The Avatar of What Is: The Divine life and Work of Adi Da | publisher=Dawn Horse Press | year=2007 | isbn=1-55778-250-4 | pages=122}}{{cite book | author=Georg Feuerstein | title=Holy Madness: The Shock Tactics and Radical Teachings of Crazy-Wise Adepts, Holy Fools, and Rascal [[Gurus]]| publisher=Paragon House | origyear=1991 | year=2006 | id=ISBN 978-1-57097-233-1 | pages=189}}</ref>
* Wonten ing [[Dasam Granth]], [[Guru Gobind Singh]] nyerat bilih Kalki inggih punika ''Vivek Buddhi (pikiran landhep saha spiritual)'' inggih punika [[Gurmat]]. Nalika dosa-dosa (Manmatt/Manmukhs) wonten, nanging hanya Gurmat ingkang saged nyirnakaken sadaya Manmatt ing bumi punika
* Bhagavan Sri Swamini Jai Sathya ingkang sadéréngipun kaloka minangka Sri Suryanarayana Jayanthi Kumaraswami nedahaken bilih Kalki awatara sampun mijil ing bumi. Swamiji suka pamanggih bilih Kalki awatara badhé medal kanthi wujud sawijining wanodya ingkang nitih turangga pethak, ngasta pedang kanggé ngresikaken kanisthan saha maringi piwulang Kabecikan dhumateng sadaya manungsa.
* Organisasi ingkang makempal ing [[Singapura]] sampun kadhaptar kanthi nama [http://www.srikalki.com/p/mission.html Sri Kalki Peedum Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716125104/http://www.srikalki.com/p/mission.html |date=2011-07-16 }} nalika taun 1998. Anggota Sri Kalki Peedum Society<ref name="sri Kalki peedum society">[http://www.srikalki.com Sri Kalki Peedum Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716124214/http://www.srikalki.com/ |date=2011-07-16 }}, was official founded on 22d July 1998 when it was registered under the Registry of Societies (Singapore).</ref> percaya bilih [http://www.srikalki.com/p/biography.html Guru Sri Kalki Jothi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305063212/http://www.srikalki.com/p/biography.html |date=2016-03-05 }} punika minangka [[awatara]] [[Wisnu]] ingkang angka sedasa, Kalki awatara.<ref name="Guru Sri Kalki Jothi Biography">[http://www.srikalki.com/p/biography.html Guru Sri Kalki Jothi Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305063212/http://www.srikalki.com/p/biography.html |date=2016-03-05 }}, The biography of Sri Kalki states that his devotees regard him as their Kalki avatar.</ref>
== Ugi pirsani ==
* [[Awatara]]
* [[Matsya]]
* [[Kurma]]
* [[Waraha]]
* [[Narasimha|Narasinga]]
* [[Wamana]]
* [[Wamana]]
* [[Parasurama]]
* [[Rama]]
* [[Kresna]]
* [[Buda]]
== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist|2}}
== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.stephen-knapp.com/kalki_the_next_avatar_of_God.htm kalki, the next avatar of god]
{{S-start}}
{{suksesi awatara
| nama = Kalki
| urutan = terakhir
| sebelum = [[Buda Gotama dalam agama Hindhu|Buda Gotama]]<br />atau<br />[[Baladewa]]<!---- VERSI INDIA SELATAN ---->
| sesudah = –
}}
{{end}}
{{Hindu Awatara}}
[[Kategori:Hindhu]]
[[Kategori:Awatara]]
{{Hindhu-stub}}
mc81onuepb4wxb1f863wpmsi5hqj8hm
Kula Kangri
0
92149
1748910
1668236
2026-05-13T10:41:05Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748910
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Kula Kangri
| photo =
| photo_caption =
| elevation_m = 7538
| elevation_ref = <ref name="peakbagger">[http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=10656 "Kula Kangri, China"] on Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2011-11-24.</ref><ref name="peaklist">[http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/everest.html "High Asia II: Himalaya of Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and adjoining region of Tibet"] Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2011-11-24.</ref><br /><small>[[List of highest mountains|Ranked 46th]]</small>
| prominence_m = 1654
| prominence_ref = <ref name="peakbagger"/><ref name="peaklist"/>
| map = China
| map_caption = (Location in question if on, or which side of China/Bhutan border)
| map_size = 260
| label_position = right
| listing = [[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]]
| location = [[Tibet]], [[People's Republic of China]] (/ [[Kingdom of Bhutan]])
| range = [[Himalaya]]
| lat_d = 28 | lat_m = 13 | lat_s = 39 | lat_NS = N
| long_d = 90 | long_m = 37 | long_s = 00 | long_EW = E
| coordinates_ref = <ref name="peaklist"/>
| first_ascent = 1986
| easiest_route =
}}
'''Kula Kangri''' utawi limrahipun misuwur kanthi nama “The Kula Kangri Snow Mountain” papanipun manggèn wonten ing kutha Prefektur Shannan Lhozhag. Salah satunggaling sekawan [[Kamiyama]], minangka dados tlatah pusatipun [[Tibet]].
Kula Kangri minangka gunung ingkang katutup déning salju, ingkang inggilipun 7.538 mèter. Jalur utami gunung punika wonten ing samadyaning pagunungan [[Himalaya]], gunung ingkang katutup déning salju sadaya tigang puncakipun. Kula Kangri minangka gunung ingkang gadhah enam puncak inggilipun rata-rata 7.000 mèter. Manawi dipunpirsani saking tebih, puncak-puncak gunung punika katingal jejer-jejer. Punggung ingkang wonten ing sisih lèr kaliyan kidulipun dumadi skaing tebing watu ingkang ageng. Wonten ing sacelakipun Ngarai dumadi sekawan gletser sisih lèr saking kalih kilomèter.<ref name="internet 2">[http://www.oklx.com/jingqu/kulagangrixueshan/v] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305152903/http://www.oklx.com/jingqu/kulagangrixueshan/v |date=2016-03-05 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 29 September 2012)</ref>
Gletser punika dados sesawangan, amargi dumadi saking tebing es kaliyan dinding es, pèrèng ingkang curam, asring dipuntemoni longsoran, wonten swanten gludhug.<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=149] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314231325/http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=149 |date=2012-03-14 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 29 September 2012)</ref>
== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:Gunung]]
t5p8agxa4rn48i4vxqvjrupv375m0g8
Kamet
0
92484
1748887
1414564
2026-05-13T00:18:23Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748887
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Kamet
| other_name = कामेत
| photo =India relief location map.jpg
| photo_caption = Kamet lan [[Garhwal]] [[Himalaya]] dipunpreksani saking [[Ranikhet]], [[Uttarakhand]]
| elevation_m = 7756
| elevation_ref = <br /><small>[[List of highest mountains|Ranked 29th]]</small>
| prominence_m = 2825
| prominence_ref = <br /><small>[[List of peaks by prominence|Ranked 121st]]</small>
| listing = [[Ultra prominent peak|Ultra]]
| location = [[Uttarakhand]], [[India]]
| range = [[Zaskar Range]] ([[Himalayas]])
| map = India |relief=1
| map_caption = Location in northern India
| map_size = 240
| label_position = right
| lat_d = 30 | lat_m = 55 | lat_s = 13 | lat_NS = N
| long_d = 79 | long_m = 35 | long_s = 37 | long_EW = E
| coordinates_ref =
| first_ascent = June 21, 1931 by [[Frank Smythe]], [[Eric Shipton]], R.L. Holdsworth and Lewa Sherpa
| easiest_route = glacier/snow/ice climb
}}
'''Kamet''' inggih punika [[gunung]] ingkang inggilipun urtan nomer kalih wonten ing [[Garhwal]], wingkingipun [[Nanda Devi]]. Gunung punika kaping pisan dipunminggahi nalika [[taun]] [[1931]], nanging sampun dipunbudidayakaken minggah gunung punika nalika taun [[1855]]. Gunung punika inggilipun [[7.756]] [[mèter]] utawi [[25]].[[447]] kaki. [[Wulan]] ingkang saé kanggé minggahi gunung Kamet inggih punika wulan [[Juli]], [[Agustus]], kaliyan [[September]]. Gunung kamet dipunminggahi kaping satunggal kaliyan Frank Smythe, Eric Shipton, RL Holdsworth, kaliyan Lewa Sherpa.<ref name="internet 1">[http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=131 / Kamet] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130104104910/http://www.peakware.com/peaks.html?pk=131 |date=2013-01-04 }}(dipunundhuh tanggal 09 Oktober 2012)</ref>
== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:Gunung]]
08i1uy1gh90qcfn4ldclhgd1paimnb7
Kaskus
0
94411
1748896
1666953
2026-05-13T03:17:39Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748896
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox Website
| name = Kaskus
| favicon =
| logo =
| screenshot = [[Gambar:Kskus.jpg|250px|]]
| caption = Halaman utama Kaskus.co.id
| url = [http://www.kaskus.co.id/ www.kaskus.co.id]
| commercial = Ya
| type = [[Forum internet]]<br />[[Portal web]]
| registration =
| owner = PT Darta Media Indonésia
| language = [[Basa Indonésia|Indonésia]]
| author = [[Andrew Darwis]] <br />[[Ronald Stephanus]]<br />[[Budi Dharmawan]]
|
| current status = Aktif
| revenue =
}}
'''Kaskus''' yaiku situs forum komunitas maya gedhé dhéwé lan nomer siji ing [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet1">[http://gugling.com/2010/06/29/sejarah-kaskus-forum-terbesar-di-indonesia/ Sejarah Kaskus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123055146/http://gugling.com/2010/06/29/sejarah-kaskus-forum-terbesar-di-indonesia/ |date=2012-11-23 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 20 Oktober 2012)</ref> Panganggoné diarani ''Kaskuser''.<ref name="internet1"/> Kaskus lair ing tanggal [[6]] [[November]] [[1999]] déning telung cah nom yaiku [[Andrew Darwis]], [[Ronald Stephanus]], lan [[Budi Dharmawan]] kang lagi nerusaké sekolah ing Seattle, [[Amérikah Sarékat]].<ref name="internet1"/> Situs iki diatur déning PT Darta Media [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kaskus nduwé pratélan panganggo punjul 4,5 yuta kang kadaftar.<ref name="internet1"/> Panganggo Kaskus lumrahé rumaja nganti diwasa kang asalé saka [[Indonésia]] utawa njaba [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet1"/>
Kaskus iku singkatan saka ''Kasak Kusuk'', biyèné mung hobi saka kumpulan cilik banjur bisa gedhé nganti saiki.<ref name="internet2">[http://tekno.kompas.com/read/2012/05/28/14181354/Bermasalah.Kaskus.Ganti.Alamat.Domain Kaskus ganti domain] (dipunundhuh tanggal 20 Oktober 2012)</ref> Kang mbukak kaskus punjul [[900]] èwu wong, jumlah ''page view'' punjul 15.000.000 saben dinané.<ref name="internet2"/> Nganti [[Juli]] [[2012]], Kaskus wis duwé punjul [[600]] yuta posting.<ref name="internet2"/>
Miturut Alexa.com ing sasi [[September]] [[2011]] Kaskus manggon ing peringkat [[264]] lan peringkat [[7]] situs kang akèh dibukak ing [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet2"/>
Tanggal [[26]] [[Mèi]] [[2012]], Kaskus kena gangguan ing DNS''(Domain Name System)''yaiku ing domain.us. saéngga, [[27]] [[Mèi]] [[2012]], Kaskus pindah domain kang asalé.us saiki dadi.co.id lan.com.<ref name="internet2"/>
== Sajarah ==
Kaskus digawé tanggal [[6]] [[November]] [[1999]] déning telung mahasiswa saka [[Indonésia]] yaiku [[Andrew Darwis]], [[Ronald Stehanus]], lan [[Budi Dharmawan]], ing Seattle, [[Amérikah Sarékat]].<ref name="internet1"/> Kaskus biyené forum ora resmi kanggo mahasiswa [[Indonésia]] ing jaban rangkah.<ref name="internet1"/> Jeneng "Kaskus" dhéwé dijupuk saka singkatan ''"Kasak-kusuk"''.<ref name="internet1"/>
Sasi [[Agustus]] [[2005]], ''PC Magazine'' [[Indonésia]] ngewènèhi panghargaan marang situs kaskus mawa situs kang paling apik lan komunitas kang paling gédhé, banjur Kaskus kapilih manèh mawa ''website'' kang paling apik miturut pilihané wong kang maca ''PC Magazine'' ing taun [[2006]].<ref name="internet1"/>
Tanggal [[23]] [[Mèi]] [[2006]] manajemen Kakus kepeksa ngganti domain [[.com]] dadi [[.us]], amarga nyebaré [[virus]] brontok kang digawé supaya bisa nyerang situs-situs gédhé saka [[Indonésia]] lan Kaskus dadi sasaran kang utama.<ref name="internet2"/>
Amerga saking akèhé wong kang mbukak situs iki, [[April]] [[2007]], manajemen Kaskus nambah rong ''server'' supaya bisa saya apik.<ref name="internet2"/>
Tahun [[2008]], ''operator'' Kaskus mutusaké kanggo pengoperasian server Kaskus ing [[Indonésia]].<ref name="internet2"/> Kanggo kabutuhan mau Kaskus nuku wolung server ''Dell PowerEdge'' [[2950]] lan dijalakake mawa jaringan open IXP.<ref name="internet2"/> Amerga iku akses Kaskus bisa luwih rikat lan akhire operator ngrencanakake nambah wolung server manèh nganti kang operasi ing sasi [[September]] dadi [[16]] server.<ref name="internet2"/>
Awal taun [[2011]], Kaskus ngewenehi wara-wara babagan ekspansi bisnise mawa nggawe makarya sama karo Global Digital Prima kang dadi anak perusahaan saka [[PT Djarum]].<ref name="internet1"/> Saliyané iku, Kaskus uga bakal nambah servere nganti [[250]] iji sarta nganakake panambahan pegawe anyar nganti wolung puluh wong.<ref name="internet2"/>
Tanggal 26 Mèi 2012 manajemen Kaskus ngganti manèh domain.us dadi.co.id amarga ana gangguan karo DNS.<ref name="internet2"/>
=== Serangan DDOS ===
Tanggal [[16]]-[[17]] [[Mèi]] [[2008]], Kaskus nggunakaké tèhnik DDoS ''(Distributed Denial of Service)'' déning wong kang asalé saka komunitas ''YogyaFree''.<ref name="internet2"/> Serangan iku njalari database Kaskus corupt saéngga ''administrator'' kapeksa ngunci ''thread-thread'' kang wis ana.<ref name="internet2"/>
Panyerangan mau dikira-kira ana gayutané karo kadadéan perusakan ''(deface)'' situs yogyaFree dina sadurungé.<ref name="internet2"/> Wong kang nyerang ngaku yèn awake salah sijiné anggota Kaskus uga ngewenehi pisuhan ing salah siji pérangan forum YogyaFree.<ref name="internet2"/> Iki nggawe anggota YogyaFree nesu, lan banjur balik nyerang Kaskus karo DDos. Amergane, adminitrator Kaskus kapeksa matèni server Kaskus.<ref name="internet2"/>
Perang cyber antawisie komunitas kaloron iki akhire rampung rikala pengelola situs iki nandatangani ''memorandum online'' kanggo ngerampungi masalah antawis kaloron.<ref name="internet2"/> Pesen mau di pamerake sasuwéné pirang-pirang minggu ing kaca situse dhéwé-dhéwé.<ref name="internet2"/>
Sanajan karusaan kang diakibatake déning serangan iki rada abot, admdinistrator Kaskus njanjeni Kaskus bakal balik normal ing sasi [[Juli]] [[2008]], bareng di entokake server anyar Kaskus ing gedung Cyber, [[Jakarta]].<ref name="internet2"/> Nanging, dhèwèké uga ngomong manawa data-data kang bakal diketokake manèh yaiku data kang tau dimuat sadurungé taun [[2008]], lan data kang dimuat taun [[2008]] ora bisa diketokake manèh.<ref name="internet2"/>
=== UU ITE ===
Sadurungé UU ITE diresmikake, Kaskus duwé rong forum kontroversial, BB17 lan ''Fight Club''.<ref name="internet3">[http://www.djarumbeasiswaplus.org/artikel/content/75/Tokoh-Kita:-Danny-Oei-Wirianto-Sosok-Dibalik-Sukses-Kaskus/ Dibalik Sukses Kaskus]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 20 Oktober 2012)</ref> BB17 singkatan saka ''buka-bukaan 17 taun'', yaiku forum mirunggan kanggo diwasa panggonan kanggo panganggo bisa bagi-bagi gambar utawa carita diwasa.<ref name="internet3"/> ''Fight Club'' yaiku forum kang dikhususake mawa panggonan padu kang bener-bener bébas ora bisa dikontrol.<ref name="internet3"/> Kerep masalah kang digawé padu ngenani [[SARA]].<ref name="internet3"/>
Sawisé UU ITE diresmekake, Kaskus banjur nutup BB17 amarga nentang UU ITE ngenani penyebaran ''materi pornografi''.<ref name="internet3"/> ''Fight Club'' diganti jenenge dadi ''Debate Club''.<ref name="internet3"/> ''Fight Club'' lan ''Debate Club'' asliné duwé fungsi padha yaiku panggonan kanggo padu, nanging ora bisa bébas kaya biyèn amarga bener-bener dijaga.<ref name="internet3"/> Yèn dianggep ora layak lan mbahas [[SARA]], mula ''thread'' iku bakal dibusek.<ref name="internet3"/>
Kanggo mbusek carita èlèk Kaskus mawa médhia ''undergroun'' lan situs [[porno]], Kaskus nggenti tampilane ing tanggal [[17]] [[Agustus]] [[2006]].<ref name="internet3"/> Tampilan anyar kaskus digawé cerah lan wernane akèh.<ref name="internet3"/> Saliyané iku Kaskus uga nambah fitur-fitur anyar kaya blog lan Kaskus mobile/WAP.<ref name="internet3"/>
== Fitur ==
=== KasPay ===
Ana layanan anyar saka Kaskus kang nyediani sistim pambanyaran ''online'' kang diwastani Kaspay.<ref name="internet4">[http://blog.unikom.ac.id/t/fitur-utama-kaskus-hingga-2015/ Fitur Utama Kaskus] (dipunundhuh tanggal 20 Oktober 2012)</ref> Layanan iki wis diremekake [[Jemuah]] [[6]] [[November]] [[2009]], ing acara Ulang taun kaping [[10]] Kaskus ''Poste'', ''The East Euilding'', [[Kuningan]], [[Jakarta]].<ref name="internet4"/> Layanan transaksi iki bisa dianggo ora mung ing Kaskus nanging uga bisa dianggo ing situs-situs liya kang kerjasama karo Kaspay.<ref name="internet4"/>
Kaspay bakal dijalakake kaya ''E-wallet'' kang bakal didadèkaké piranti pambayaran dol tinuku ing kabèh transakai ''online'', Kabèh prosès transaksi Kaspay dilakokake mawa transfer dhuwit, saéngga aman saka modus apus krama lan pemalsuan kertu kredit lan amane transaksi kudu dipastekake karo konfirmasi mawa [[e-mail]] lan cathetan transaksi.<ref name="internet4"/>
=== E-Pulsa ===
''e-pulsa'' yaiku layanan saka Kaskus kang nyediakake fasilitas pangisian pulsa lan yèn dhéwé pengen tuku pulsa, dhéwé kudu mbayar migunakaké Kaspay.<ref name="internet5">[http://epulsa.kaskus.co.id/ epulsa kaskus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420182406/https://epulsa.kaskus.co.id/ |date=2017-04-20 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 20 Oktober 2012)</ref> Kabèh layanan operator disengkuyung ing Kaskus ''e-pulsa''.<ref name="internet5"/>
=== Kaskus Ads ===
''Kaskus Ads'' utawa KAD yaiku situs yèn dhéwé arep nggawe iklan ing Kaskus, dhéwé bisa manggonake iklan mau, nanging kudu mbayar Kaskus.<ref name="internet6">[http://kad.kaskus.co.id/ Kad Kaskus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530061400/http://kad.kaskus.co.id/ |date=2012-05-30 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 20 Oktober 2012)</ref> Layanan ''Kaskus Ads'' akèh wong utawa panganggo kaskus kang remen masang iklan ing Kaskus amarga murah lan amarga kaskus saiki duwé punjul telung yuta panganggo.<ref name="internet6"/>
=== Kaskus Radio ===
Kaskus [[radio]] iku [[Radio]] [[Internet]] [[Indonésia]] ing ngisore naungan komunitas kaskus.<ref name="internet7">[http://www.kaskus.co.id/forum/58/kaskusradiocom KAskus Radio] (dipunundhuh tanggal 20 Oktober 2012)</ref> Kaskus [[radio]] kang racaké disingkat KR duwé rongpuluh penyiar.<ref name="internet7"/> [[Radio]] kang muterake lagu nganti [[24]] jam iki racaké nyetel lagu saka warna-warna [[basa]] kaya [[basa]] [[Inggris]], [[Mandarin]], [[Jepang]], [[Koréa]] lan isih akèh liyané.<ref name="internet7"/>
=== Kaskus Mobile ===
Kaskus mobile yaiku situs Kaskus kang wis digenti tampilane dadi minimalis saéngga trep karo layar ponsel utawi sing lagi ngetrend saiki yaiku [http://www.spekhargahpandroid.com HP Android] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625100647/http://www.spekhargahpandroid.com/ |date=2014-06-25 }}. Alamat Kaskus mobile yaiku [[m.kaskus.co.id]] utawa [[kask.us]].<ref name="internet8">[http://www.kaskus.co.id/forum/491/mobile-broadband Mobile broadband] (dipunundhuh tanggal 20 Oktober 2012)</ref> Fitur ing versi iku nduwé watesan.<ref name="internet8"/>
== Sub-forum ==
=== Loe-Ke-Loe ===
Panggonan forum para panganggo Kaskus bisa nemu lan ngrembag babagan topik mirunggan, kaya komunitas, hobi, lan apa war kang diseneni.<ref name="internet9">[http://www.kaskus.co.id/forum/242/loekeloe Loe-Ke-Loe] (dipunundhuh tanggal 20 Oktober 2012)</ref> Yèn ditegesi mawa barès, “Loe-Ke-Loe” tegesé “saka awakmu kanggo awakmu” utawa ing basa [[Indonésia]] ''“dari Anda, untuk Anda”''.<ref name="internet9"/>
Loe-Ke-Loe nduwé sub-forum kaya:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* ''All About Design'',<ref name="internet9"/>
* AMH (''Anime Manga Haven''),<ref name="internet9"/>
* Teknik,<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Computer Stuff,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Cooking mencooking + restaurant guide'',<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Fit & Healthy Lifestyle,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Gadget & Gizmo,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Games,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Handphone & PDA,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Ilmu Marketing,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Health & Medical,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Lifestyle,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Model Kit & R/C,''<ref name="internet9"/>
{{col-2}}
* ''Movies,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Music,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''My Pets,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Otomotif,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Outdoor Adventures & Nature Club,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Photography,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Sports,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Supranatural,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Tanaman,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Travellers,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Wedding and family,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Activity & Hobby,''<ref name="internet9"/>
* ''Mobile Broadband.''<ref name="internet9"/>
{{col-end}}
=== Cas-Cis-Cus ===
Panggonan kang ana forum kanggo panganggo Kaskus bisa ngomong bagagan prakawis apa waé kaya pulitik, berita umum utawa mung ngomongake masalah pribadi.<ref name="internet10">[http://www.kaskus.co.id/profile/3737732 Kaskus Casciscus] (dipunundhuh tanggal 20 Oktober 2012)</ref>
Cas-Cis-Cus duwé sub-forum kaya iki:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
* ''Welcome to Kaskus,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''The Lounge,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Surat Pembaca,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Berita & Pulitik''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Militer & Kepulisian,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Business Board,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Can You Solve This Game?,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Debate Club,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Disturbing Picture,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Education''<ref name="internet10"/>
{{col-2}}
* ''English,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Girls & Boy's Corner''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Heart to Heart,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Jokes & Cartoon,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Event from Kaskuser,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Seputar Pemilu 2009,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Young On Top Kaskus Community,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* [[Nokia]],<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Melek Hukum,''<ref name="internet10"/>
* ''Perencanaan Keuangan,''<ref name="internet10"/>
{{col-end}}
=== Forum Jual-Beli ===
Panggonan kang bisa dianggo déning panganggo bisa nglakokaké dol tinuku barang utawa jasa yaiku ''Forum Jual Beli''.<ref name="internet11">[http://www.kaskus.co.id/group/4309 Seputar Forum Jual Beli Kaskus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105054247/http://www.kaskus.co.id/group/4309 |date=2012-11-05 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 21 Oktober 2012)</ref> Forum iki dadi salah sijiné forum utama ing Kaskus.<ref name="internet11"/> barang utawa jasa kang didol ing forum iki akèh banget, saka [[kaos]] kang regane Rp.50.00 nganti hak kepemilikan tanah kang regane Rp260.000.000.000.<ref name="internet11"/>
''Forum jaul beli'' utawa disingkat dadi FJB duwé sub-forum kaya ing ngisor iki:
{{col|4}}
* ''Antik,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Art & Design,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Baby & Kids Stuff'',<ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Bisnis, Industry & Supplier'',<ref name="internet11"/>
* [[Buku]],<ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Camera & Aksesoris,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''CD & DVD,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Collectibles,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Computer,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Elektronik,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Face & Body Care,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Fashion & Mode,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Flora & Fauna,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Food, Drink & Medicine,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Furniture,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Handphone & PDA,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Hardware & Tools,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Kerajinan Tangan,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Musical Instrument,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Otomotif,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Peralatan Kantor,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Peralatan Rumah Tangga,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Perhiasan & Jam Tangan,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Property,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Services,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Sports Equipment,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Ticket Events,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Tour & Travel,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Toys & Hobbies,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Web Hosting & Services,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Video Games,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Readme,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Review,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Others,'' <ref name="internet11"/>
* ''Feedback lan Testimonial.''<ref name="internet11"/>
{{end-col}}
{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
=== Kaskus Corner ===
Panggonan kang bisa dimanfaatake déning panganggo Kaskus supaya bisa éntuk info ngenani acara utawa kagiyaan kaya bakti sosial, gathering utawa seminar kang dianakake déning Kaskus utawa panganggo kang kadaftar.<ref name="internet12">[http://www.kaskus.co.id/forum/307 Kaskus Korner] (dipunundhuh tanggal 21 Oktober 2012)</ref>
Kaskus Corner duwé sub-forum:
* Kaskus Celeb,<ref name="internet12"/>
* Kaskus Peduli,<ref name="internet12"/>
* Kaskus Promo,<ref name="internet12"/>
* Cinta Indonésiaku,<ref name="internet12"/>
== Terminologi ==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! Istilah !! Tegesé
|-
| '''Juragan/Juraganwati'''
| align="left"|Aran kanggo padha-padha panganggo Kaskus.<ref name="internet13">[http://wdwisuryanto.staff.ipb.ac.id/2010/04/27/istilah-istilah-di-kaskus/ Istilah-istilah di Kaskus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308174229/http://wdwisuryanto.staff.ipb.ac.id/2010/04/27/istilah-istilah-di-kaskus/ |date=2012-03-08 }} (dipunundhuh tanggal 21 Oktober 2012)</ref> Juragan kanggo panganggo lanang lan juraganwati kanggo panganggo wédok.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Agan/Aganwati'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka Juragan/Juraganwati.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Kaskuser'''
| align="left"|Panganggo Kaskus (lan uga aran kang nyebutake peringkat Kaskus).<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''PertamaX'''
| align="left"|Gabungan saka tembung Pertama + X (kali) kang digabung dadi siji (=Pertama kali) saéngga arep padha karo bahan bakar nonsubsidi saka [[Pertamina|PT Pertamina Tbk.]]<ref name="internet13"/> yaiku [[Pertamax]], kang tegesé pisanan ngunggah ''posting'' piwales saka ''thread''.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Trit'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka ''Thread'' (kaca kang isiné topik kang digawé déning kaskuser).<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''TS'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka ''Thread Starter'' (Kaskuser kang miwiti utawa nggawe ''thread'').<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Cendol/Ijo-ijo/GRP'''
| align="left"|Aran liya saka ''Good Reputation Point'', poin reputasi apik Kaskuser.<ref name="internet13"/> Ya iku babagan kang paling dipengenake déning Kaskuser.<ref name="internet13"/> GRP diwènèhake marang Kaskuser liya kang wis nganti ISO 200, yèn ''thread'' kang digawé ''thread starter'' dianggep apik.<ref name="internet13"/> Ing jero Kaskus, GRP asring didadèkaké prakawis taruhan rikala lagi ana tetandhingan.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Bata merah/BRP'''
| align="left"|Aran liya saka ''Bad Reputation Point'', poin reputasi èlèk kanggo Kaskuser.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''ISO 2000'''
| align="left"|Tingkatan kang dibutuhake kanggo ngewenehi CENDOL dan BATA. Diarani ISO 2000 supaya bisa tekan tataran iki kusu éntuk 2000 ''posting''-an.<ref name="internet13"/> Tembung ISO manawa asalé saka [[basa Jawa]] "bisa" kang tegesé ''bisa'' ing [[basa Indonésia]].<ref name="internet13"/> Ana uga kang duwé panyawruh yèn ISO asalé saka [[Organisasi Internasional untuk Standardisasi|International Organisation for Standardisation]] (ISO 9000:2000).<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Kulkas'''
| align="left"|Aran liya '''Control Panel''', panggonan kanggo ndelok cacahé BRP lan GRP kang ditampa.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Maho'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka "Manusia [[homoseksualitas|Homo]]", yaiku ejekan ing Kaskus kanggo ngarani wong homo utawa''gay''.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''TKP'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka "Tempat Kejadian Perkara", tembung ganti [[pranala|link]]/tautan.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Mimin'''
| align="left"|[[Slang]] saka Administrator Kaskus.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Momod'''
| align="left"|Slang saka Moderator Kaskus.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Enthusiast'''
| align="left"|Tag spesial kanggo kaskuser kang duwé kontribusi ing sub-forum (kecuali FJB).<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''KSP'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka subforum Kritik, Saran, lan Pitakonan.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Main tenis'''
| align="left"|Basa Kaskus kanggo ''maintenance''.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''No afgan'''
| align="left"|Basa Kaskus kanggo aja sadis ngenyang rega ing Forum Jual Beli (FJB).<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''BB+17'''
| align="left"|Basa Kaskus kanggo Buka-Bukaan +17 = gambar diwasa kanggo 17 taun munggah.<ref name="internet13"/> Biasane kanggo gambar porno utawa gambar semi porno.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Gan'''
| align="left"|Basa Kaskus singkatan saka tembung juragan, aran kanggo panganggo Kaskus.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Pejwan'''
| align="left"|Basa Kaskus saka Page One.<ref name="internet13"/> Tembung iku asalé saka basa Inggris banjur dieja mawi barès ing basa Indonésia.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Jebakan Betmen'''
| align="left"|Istilah kang dianggo déning kaskuser rikala ana ''link''/tautan kang menjebak.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Mejeng'''
| align="left"|Slang saka Pajang/Pamer.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Junk'''
| align="left"|Post sampah kang isiné ora wigati ''tuladhané'': Nice Info Gan!<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Alay atau 4l4y'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka Anak Layangan utawa tegesé anak Kampungan/Lebay.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Pertamax Hunter'''
| align="left"|Pemburu Pertamax.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''COD'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka ''Cash on Delivery''; istilah ing forum Jual Beli (FJB) kang dhuwit diwènèhake rikala wong kang nuku lan bakul ketemu ing panggonan kang wis disarujuki.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''WTB'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka ''Want to Buy'', nandhani KAskuser lagi nggolèk barang ing Forum Jual Beli (FJB).<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''WTS'''
| align="left"|singkatan saka ''Want to Sell'', nandhani Kaskuser lagi pengen ngedol barang ing Forum Jual Beli (FJB)<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Sotosop'''
| align="left"|Istilah kanggo ngarani gambar-gambar kang wis diedit nganggo aplikasi komputer (Photoshop).<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Nubitol'''
| align="left"|Istilah kanggo ngarani ''Newbie'' kang ora maca rules utawa nglanggar aturan.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''+1'''
| align="left"|Istilah kanggo nambah postingan.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Barcen'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka ''Barter Cendol''.<ref name="internet13"/> Kagiyatan kang kerep dilakokake ing anggota kang wis ISO [[2000]].<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Spidol'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka [[Speedy]] Dodol.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Dodol'''
| align="left"|Lambat, lemot, utawa èlèk<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Kirbal'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka ''Kirim balik''.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Fullbar'''
| align="left"|Istilah kanggo ngarani jumlah balok cendol paling akèh kang diketokake ing ''user''=11 ''balok''=1500 GRP/cendol<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Sista'''
| align="left"|Aran kanggo kaskuser wédok<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Repost/Repsol'''
| align="left"|Istilah kanggo ''thread/post'' jiplakan, utawa mbaleni ''thread/post''<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Dejavu'''
| align="left"|Aran liya saka ''repost''<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Mikocok'''
| align="left"|Basa kaskus kanggo [[Microsoft]]<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Dopost/Dobol/Dopsol'''
| align="left"|2 Post kang urut.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Kloningan/Klonengan'''
| align="left"|ID utawa ''username'' kaping 2. saka tembung ''clone''.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Geje/Gaje/GJ'''
| align="left"|Singkatan saka ''Gak Jelas'' tegesé ora cetha.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Donat'''
| align="left"|Singkatan kanggo Donatur.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Copas'''
| align="left"|Singkatan kanggo '''Copy Paste'''. Tegesé mung jiplak banjur disalin.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''DP'''
| align="left"|Singkatan kanggo ''Disturbing Picture''.<ref name="internet13"/> Biasane dianggo rikala ana gambar kang ngganggu.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''IGO'''
| align="left"|Singkatan kanggo Indonésian Girls Only.<ref name="internet13"/> Singkatan iki dianggo kanggo ngarani foto modhel saka [[Indonésia]]<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Sundul'''
| align="left"|Istilah kang racaké kaggo ngetokaké menyang kaca pisanan ing forum supaya luwih akèh komentar.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Komeng'''
| align="left"|Basa Kaskus kanggo komentar.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''KW'''
| align="left"|Istilah FJB kanggo Barang Tiruan.<ref name="internet13"/> Saya cilik angka ing burine KW, saya apik kualitase.<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Fullset'''
| align="left"|Istilah liya ''Full Aksesoris''<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Ongkir'''
| align="left"|Singkatan kanggo ''Ongkos Kiriman''<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Nego'''
| align="left"|Slang kanggo menyang-nyangan<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Sedot'''
| align="left"|Basa Kaskus kanggo unduh<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
| '''Kripik Pedas'''
| align="left"|Basa Kaskus kanggo ''Kritik Pedas''<ref name="internet13"/>
|-
|}
== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:Situs jaringan]]
dkt307fejmk1n0ux890p3q6bjcmddu6
Korrika
0
159876
1748907
1657221
2026-05-13T09:16:45Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748907
wikitext
text/x-wiki
<br />
[[File:Km_1942_de_la_16_edicion_de_la_Korrika.jpg|pra=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Km_1942_de_la_16_edicion_de_la_Korrika.jpg|jmpl|Kilomèter 1942 ing Korrika kang ka-16]]
'''''Korrika''''' (tegesé ''lumayu'' ing [[Basa Basque]]) iku sawijining kagiyatan lumayu kang dianakaké saben rong taun sepisan ing [[Nagara Basque]] kang ancasé kanggo nglumpukaké sumbangan kanggo sawijining organisasi kang ngajaraké basa Basque kang dijuluki AEK. <ref group="n">Basque acronym for Coordinator of Literacy and Basque Promotion</ref> Kagiyatan iki minangka salah sawijining kagiyatan pasamuwan kang nyengkuyung sawijining basa, kang paling gedhé sadonya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/lander-arbelaitz/korrika-world's-biggest-language-festival|title=Korrika: the world's biggest language festival?|date=2015-03-19|website=openDemocracy|language=en|access-date=2017-04-03}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.argia.eus/albistea/the-biggest-initiative-in-the-world-in-support-of-a-language-takes-place-in-the-basque-country-korrika|title=The biggest initiative in support of a language taking place in the Basque Country: Korrika|work=Argia|access-date=2017-04-03|language=eu}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.playgroundmag.net/sports/Korrika-ayudar-euskera-carrera_0_1947405268.html|title=Ponerte en forma y ayudar a que un idioma no muera, todo a la vez|work=PlayGround Magazine|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref> Kagiyatan iki nyakup lumayu kang adohé 2.557 kilomèter ing 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://euskalerriairratia.eus/irunea/1491421784391|title=Korrika igandean amaituko da Foruen Monumentuaren ondoan|last=|first=|date=|website=|language=eu|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eitb.eus/eu/gaztea/korrika/osoa/4581942/korrika-2017-ibilbidea-ordutegiak-eta-hiriburuak/|title=20. Korrikaren ibilbidea, herriz herri|last=EiTB|website=www.eitb.eus|language=eu-ES|access-date=2017-04-03}}</ref> lumayu awan lan wengi tanpa mandheg suwéné 11 dina. Korrika iki dirayakaké ora mung kanggo nglumpukaké sumbangan, nanging uga nyengkuyung lan nyebaraké basa Basque.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Vv3drdSdal0C&pg=PA184&lpg=PA184&dq=what+is+korrika#v=onepage&q=what%20is%20korrika&f=false|title=Basque Sociolinguistics: Language, Society, and Culture|last=Amorrortu|first=Estibaliz|date=2003-01-01|publisher=University of Nevada Press|isbn=9781877802225|language=en}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Organisasi kang nganakaké Korrika, uga idhé bab nganakaké, kagiyatan iki kang pisanan asalé saka wong-wong kang prihatin marang basa Basque.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.es/books?printsec=frontcover&vid=LCCN93019034&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Korrika: Basque Ritual for Ethnic Identity|last=Valle|first=Teresa del|date=1994-01-01|publisher=University of Nevada Press|isbn=9780874172157|language=en}}</ref>
== Cathetan suku ==
{{reflist|group="n"}}
== Rujukan ==
<references />
6pk0i10cet6f9r6r71s3oilru6yh2m2
Kolach
0
170331
1748905
1561051
2026-05-13T08:23:27Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748905
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox food|name=Kolach|image=Makovy frgal.jpg|caption=Larger koláč, called "frgál", typical of the [[Moravian Wallachia]] area|image_alt=Larger koláč, called "frgál", typical of the [[Moravian Wallachia]] area|alternate_name=|country=[[Czech lands]] and [[Slowak]]|region=[[Central Europe]]|creator=|course=|type=Sweet [[bread]]|served=|main_ingredient=|variations=|calories=|other=|no_commons=true}}
[[Gambar:Postup_výroby_koláčů_(1).JPG|jmpl|Nyepakake Kolache ing panggangan]]
K'''olach''' (uga dieja '''kolache,''' '''kolace''' utawa '''kolacky''' {{IPAc-en|k|ə|ˈ|l|ɑː|tʃ|i|,_|-|tʃ|k|i}}, {{Refn|{{Dictionary.com|accessdate=2016-01-22|kolacky}}}} saka '''kolokolčan''' [[Basa Céko|Czech]] lan [[Basa Slowak|Slovak]], sg. '''koláč''' ) minangka sawijining jinis pastri sing nduwèni '''bagéan''' isen woh sing dikelilingi adonan puffy.
== Perayaan Kolache ==
Saperangan kutha, kalebu Tabor, South Dakota ; Verdigre, Nebraska ; Wilber, Nebraska ; Prague, Nebraska ; Caldwell, Texas ;<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theeagle.com/local/Rain-and-kolaches--Czech|title=Michele Casady, "Rain and kolaches? Czech"|publisher=[[Bryan-College Station Eagle]], September 13, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090915185942/http://www.theeagle.com/local/Rain-and-kolaches--Czech|archive-date=September 15, 2009|access-date=October 24, 2009}}</ref> East Bernard, Texas ; Crosby, Texas ; Hallettsville, Texas ; Prague, Oklahoma ; Gereja Katulik St Ludmila ing Cedar Rapids, Iowa ; lan Kewaunee, Wisconsin <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://agriculturalheritage.org/?page_id=336|title=Czech & Kolache Festival : Agricultural Heritage & Resources|date=1999-02-22|publisher=Agriculturalheritage.org|access-date=2019-12-28|archive-date=2016-07-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724183412/http://agriculturalheritage.org/?page_id=336|url-status=dead}}</ref> nganakake perayaan Festival Kolache taunan.
== Rujukan ==
[[Kategori:Panganan]]
gvkbre2hukvtsxrnnm2ogtasg0bv1lk
Karl Johann Kautsky
0
183367
1748895
1582305
2026-05-13T02:53:40Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748895
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox philosopher
| birth_name = Karl Johann Kautsky
| region = [[Filsafat Kulon]]
| era = [[Filsafat abad ka-19]]
| image = Karl Kautsky 01.jpg
| caption =
| birth_date = 16 Oktober 1854
| birth_place = [[Praha]], [[Kekaisaran Austria]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1938|10|17|1854|10|16}}
| death_place = [[Amsterdam]], [[Walanda]]
| school_tradition = [[Marxisme ortodoks]]
| main_interests = [[Filsafat pulitik]], [[pulitik]], [[ekonomi]], [[sajarah]]
| influences = [[Karl Marx]], [[Friedrich Engels]], [[Charles Darwin]], [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|G.W.F. Hegel]], [[Bruno Bauer]], [[Immanuel Kant]], [[John Stuart Mill|J.S. Mill]], [[Joseph Dietzgen]]
| influenced = [[Konrad Lorenz]], [[Willy Brandt]], [[Karl Renner]], [[Otto Bauer]], [[Bruno Kreisky]], [[Max Adler (Marxist)|Max Adler]], [[Rudolf Hilferding]], [[Vladimir Lenin|V.I. Lenin]], [[Joseph Stalin]], [[Leon Trotsky]]
| notable_ideas = [[Epistemologi evolusioner]], [[Evolusi moralitas|insting sosial]], [[Evolusi sosiokultural|adaptasi aktif]], [[Ultraimperialisme|hiperimperialisme]]
}}
'''Karl Johann Kautsky''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|aʊ|t|s|k|i}}; {{IPA-de|ˈkaʊtski|lang}}; {{lahirmati||16|10|1854||17|10|1938}}) yaiku filsuf, jurnalis, lan [[Teoretikus (Marxisme)|teoretikus]] [[Marxisme|Marxis]] Ceko-Austria. Ia diakui minangka salah sijining panyebar [[Marxisme ortodoks]] sawise [[Friedrich Engels]] seda ing 1895 nganti [[Perang Donya I]] ing 1914.
Sawise perang, Kautsky dadi kritikus sing vokal terhadap [[Revolusi Bolshevik]], terlibat ing polemik karo [[Vladimir Lenin]], [[Leon Trotsky]], lan [[Joseph Stalin]] babagan sifat [[Uni Soviet|nagara Soviet]].
== Referensi ==
{{Reflist|2}}
== Bacaan luwih lanjut ==
* {{cite journal|last=Banaji|first=Jairus|title=Illusions about the peasantry: Karl Kautsky and the agrarian question|journal=Journal of Peasant Studies|date=January 1990|volume=17|issue=2|pages=288–307|doi=10.1080/03066159008438422|url=http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/20042/1/Jairus%20Banaji%20-%20Illusions%20about%20the%20peasantry-%20Karl%20Kautsky%20and%20the%20agrarian%20question.pdf}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* Gronow, Jukka. ''On the Formation of Marxism: Karl Kautsky's Theory of Capitalism, the Marxism of the Second International and Karl Marx's Critique of Political Economy.'' [2015] Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2016.
* [[Leszek Kołakowski|Kołakowski, Leszek]], ''Main Currents of Marxism.'' P.S. Falla, trans. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2005.
* Salvadori, Massimo L. ''Karl Kautsky and the Socialist Revolution, 1880-1938.'' Jon Rothschild, trans. London: New Left Books, 1979.
* Steenson, Gary P. ''Karl Kautsky, 1854-1938: Marxism in the Classical Years.'' Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1978.
== Pranala jaba ==
{{Commons}}{{Wikiquote}}
* {{Britannica|313494}}
* [http://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/index.htm Karl Kautsky] di [[Marxists Internet Archive]]
* [http://www.bennyspostcards.com/famous_img/kautsky.jpg Kartu pos Kautsky] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204347/http://www.bennyspostcards.com/famous_img/kautsky.jpg |date=2016-03-03 }}
* Archive of [https://search.socialhistory.org/Record/ARCH00712 Karl Kautsky Papers] di [[International Institute of Social History]]
* {{PM20|FID=pe/009293}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kautsky, Karl}}
[[Kategori:Tokoh saka Praha]]
e5tarz2bzt9l2d1yftv6kw52nip1t3p
Kabiskopan Agung Vancouver
0
187369
1748878
1702201
2026-05-12T13:27:12Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748878
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese -->
| name = Vancouver
| latin = Archidioecesis Vancouveriensis<ref name="vatican.va">[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/pius_x/apost_letters/documents/hf_p-x_apl_19080919_in-sublimi_lt.html In sublimi, Litterae Apostolicae, Dioecesis Neo-Westmonasteriensis in Archidioecesim erigitur Vancouveriensem denominandam., d. 19 m. Septembris a. 1908, Pius PP. X] September 19, 1908 letter from Vatican Secretary of State declaring seat of Diocese of New Westminster transferred to City of Vancouver (Latin)</ref>
| local = <!-- Name in the native language -->
| image = Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Vancouver.jpg
| image_size = frameless
| image_alt =
| caption = Lambang Kabiskopan Agung Vancouver
<!---- Locations ---->
| country = Kanadha
| metropolitan =
| territory = Kulon kidul British Columbia
| province = Vancouver<!-- Ecclesiastical province -->
| coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} -->
<!---- Statistics ---->
| area_km2 = 119,439<!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted -->
| population =
| population_as_of =
| catholics = 477,792<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dvanc.html Catholic hierarchy - Archdiocese of Vancouver] (Statistics section) - Retrieved April 23, 2009</ref><!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese -->
| catholics_percent = 17.8
| parishes = <!-- Number of parishes in the diocese -->
| churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese -->
| congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese -->
| schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese -->
| members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese -->
<!---- Information ---->
| denomination = [[Katulik Roma]]
| rite = [[Ritus Roma]]
| established = 14 Dhesember 1863
| cathedral = [[Katedral Rosario Kudus (Vancouver)]]
| cocathedral =
| patron =
| priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese -->
<!---- Current leadership ---->
| pope = {{Incumbent pope}}<!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change -->
| bishop = [[J. Michael Miller]], CSB
| bishop_title = Biskop Agung
| suffragans = [[David Monroe]]<br />Biskop Kamloops<br />[[John Corriveau]]<br />Biskop Nelson<br />[[Stephen Jensen]]<br />Biskop Prince George<br />{{ill|Richard Gagnon|de|Richard Joseph Gagnon}}<br />Biskop Victoria
| coadjutor =
| auxiliary_bishops =
| vicar_general =
| emeritus_bishops =
<!---- Map ---->
| map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
<!---- Website ---->
| website = [http://rcav.org/ rcav.org]<!-- [http://example.com example.com] -->
| footnotes =
}}
[[Barkas:Holy Rosery Cathedral 3.JPG|jmpl|Katedral Rosario Kudus, Vancouver]]
'''Kabiskopan Agung Vancouver''' ({{lang-la|Archidioecesis Vancouveriensis}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan agung]] Latin [[Katulik Roma]] sing ngeliputi bagean saka Provinsi federal [[British Columbia]]. Tahta episkopal agung katedrale menika [[Katedral Rosario Kudus (Vancouver)|Katedral Rosario Kudus]]
==Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala njaba ==
{{commons category|Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vancouver}}
* [http://www.rcav.org/ Archdiocese of Vancouver]
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/kaml0.htm#1849 GCatholic - data for most sections]
* [http://www.archdioceseofvancouver.org/news/index.htm ''Pope Names Coadjutor Bishop for Vancouver] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929121502/http://www.archdioceseofvancouver.org/news/index.htm |date=2007-09-29 }}, June 1, 2007, news release, Archdiocese of Vancouver
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dvanc.html Archdiocese of Vancouver page at catholichierarchy.org] retrieved July 14, 2006
* [http://bcc.rcav.org/07-06-11 "Archbishops Roussin, Miller like an ‘episcopal dream team’"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219024812/http://bcc.rcav.org/07-06-11/ |date=2007-12-19 }}, ''The B.C. Catholic'', June 11, 2007
* [http://www.cisva.bc.ca Catholic Independent Schools of the Vancouver Archdiocese]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{kabiskopan ing Kanadha}}
{{coord|49.2500|N|123.1000|W|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:CA|display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vancouver, Kabiskopan Agung}}
[[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Kanadha]]
[[Kategori:Organisasi Kristen sing didegaké taun 1836]]
1z1kyfpv1we0qcbaxdof0j9vb4ukls2
Kabiskopan Agung La Paz
0
189526
1748876
1699257
2026-05-12T12:15:05Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748876
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese -->
| name = La Paz
|latin = Archidioecesis Pacensis in Bolivia
| local = Arquidiócesis de La Paz
| image = Catedral Metropolitana de La Paz.JPG
| image_size = 230px
| image_alt =
| caption = Basilika Katedral Bunda Perdamaian
<!---- Locations ---->
| country = {{flag|Bolivia}}
| metropolitan =
| territory =
| province = La Paz
| coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} -->
<!---- Statistics ---->
| area_km2 = 10,975<!-- Area in square kilometers, automatically converted -->
| population = 1,474,150
|population_as_of = 2004
|catholics = 1,292,873<!-- Number of Catholics in the diocese -->
| catholics_percent = 87.7
| parishes = 53<!-- Number of parishes in the diocese -->
| churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese -->
| congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese -->
| schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese -->
| members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese -->
<!---- Information ---->
| denomination = [[Greja Katulik]]
| rite = [[Ritus Roma]]
| established = 4 Juli 1605 ({{age|1605|7|4}} taun kepungkur)
| cathedral = Catedral Basílica de Nuestra Señora de La Paz
| cocathedral =
| patron =
| priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese -->
<!---- Current leadership ---->
| pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
| metro_archbishop = [[Percy Lorenzo Galvan Flores]]
| bishop_title =
| coadjutor =
| auxiliary_bishops = [[Aurelio Pesoa Ribera]], [[O.F.M.]]
| vicar_general =
| emeritus_bishops = [[Edmundo Luis Flavio Abastoflor Montero]]
<!---- Map ---->
| map = Bolivia - Arcidiocesi di La Paz.png
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
<!---- Website ---->
| website = {{URL|http://www.arzobispadolapaz.org/}}
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kabiskopan Agung La Paz''' ({{lang-la|Archidioecesis Pacensis in Bolivia}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan agung]] sing ana ing kutha [[La Paz]], Bolivia.<ref name=GCathLaPaz>[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/lapa0.htm GCatholic.org: "Metropolitan Archdiocese of La Paz"] retrieved November 16, 2015</ref><ref name=CathHierLaPaz>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dlapz.html "Archdiocese of La Paz"] ''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016</ref>
== Riwayat ==
* 4 Juli 1605: Didegake minangka Kabiskopan La Paz di Bolivia saka [[Kabiskopan La Plata]]
* 18 Juni 1943: Dipromosike minangka Kabiskopan Agung Metropolitan La Paz
== Kabiskopan Suffragan ==
* [[Kabiskopan Coroico]]
* [[Kabiskopan El Alto]]
* [[Prelatur Teritorial Corocoro]]
== Deleng uga ==
* [[Katulik Roma ing Bolivia]]
== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/lapa0.htm GCatholic.org]
* [http://www.arzobispadolapaz.org/ Diocese website]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Kabiskopan ing Bolivia}}
{{coord|16.4963|S|68.1342|W|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:BO|display=title}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:La Paz}}
[[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Bolivia]]
[[Kategori:La Paz]]
4m88bwo4hr8o66nz8skgz0x7j5h1uld
Kabiskopan Coimbra
0
189665
1748879
1714598
2026-05-12T14:47:51Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748879
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox diocese
| jurisdiction = Kabiskopan
| name = Coimbra
| latin = Dioecesis Conimbricensis
| local = Diocese de Coimbra
| image = SeNova1.jpg
| image_size = 255px
| image_alt =
| caption = [[Katedral Anyar Coimbra]]
<!---- Locations ---->
| country = {{flag|Portegal}}
| territory =
| province = [[Kabiskopan Agung Braga|Braga]]
| metropolitan = [[Kabiskopan Agung Braga]]
| archdeaconries =
| deaneries =
| subdivisions =
| coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} -->
<!---- Statistics ---->
| area_km2 = 5,300
| area_sqmi = <!-- Area in square miles, automatically converted -->
| area_footnotes =
| population = 548,000 (est.)
| population_as_of = 2016
| catholics = 500,000 (est.)
| catholics_percent = 91.2
| parishes = 269<!-- Number of parishes in the diocese -->
| churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese -->
| congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese -->
| schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese -->
| members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese -->
<!---- Information ---->
| denomination = [[Katulik Roma]]
| sui_iuris_church = [[Greja Latin]]
| rite = [[Ritus Roma]]
| established = 563
| cathedral = [[Katedral Anyar Coimbra|Katedral Jeneng Suci Yesus do Coimbra]]
| cocathedral =
| patron = [[Agustinus saka Hippo|St Agustinus saka Hippo]]
| patron_title = <!-- Use to override the default label "Patron saint" -->
| priests = 125 (diosesan)<br />35 (Ordo Relijius)<br />13 Deakon Permanen<!-- Number of priests in the diocese -->
<!---- Current leadership ---->
| pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change -->
| patriarch =
| major_archbishop =
| bishop = Virgílio do Nascimento Antunes<ref>Diocese do Coimbro, [http://www.diocesedecoimbra.pt/diocese/bispo/entrevistas/pontos-de-vista-com:1698 ''Clara Almeida Santos entrevista D. Virgílio Antunes''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928131645/http://www.diocesedecoimbra.pt/diocese/bispo/entrevistas/pontos-de-vista-com:1698 |date=2023-09-28 }}; retrieved: 08 October 2017. {{pt}}</ref>
| bishop_title = <!-- Type of ordinary: i.e. Bishop or Archbishop. Default is Bishop -->
| metro_archbishop = [[Jorge Ferreira da Costa Ortiga]]
| coadjutor =
| suffragans = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration); use | suffragan = for one -->
| auxiliary_bishops = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration) -->
| apostolic_admin =
| vicar_general =
| episcopal_vicar =
| archdeacons = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of first collation); use | archdeacon = for one-->
| emeritus_bishops = <!-- List most senior first (usually reckoned by date of consecration) -->
<!---- Map ---->
| map = Dioceses de Portugal.PNG
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
<!---- Website ---->
| website = [http://www.diocesedecoimbra.pt/diocese/ Situs Web Kabiskopan Coimbra]
| footnotes =
}}
'''Kabiskopan Coimbra''' ({{lang-la|Dioecesis Conimbricensis}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan]] [[Katulik Roma]] ing [[Coimbra]], Portegal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04095b.htm|title=Diocese of Coimbra|work=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]]}}</ref> Kabiskopan iku suffragan saka [[Kabiskopan Agung Braga]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dcoim.html|title=Diocese of Coimbra|work=[[Catholic Hierarchy]]}}</ref>
Saka taun 1472, biskop Coimbra uga ndarbèni gelar Pangéran Arganil, dading diarani Pangéran-Biskop (Portegis: Bispo-Conde).
== Pratélan pustaka ==
* {{cite book|editor=Barbosa Morujao, María do Rosario|title=Testamenta Ecclesiae portugaliae: (1071-1325)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=95OIWQOWprcC&pg=PA405|year=2010|pages=229-443|publisher=CEHR-UCP|location=Lisbon|language=Portuguese, Latin|isbn=978-972-8361-31-0}}
* Cunha, Maria Cristina, "Coimbra and Porto: Episcopacy and National Identity in Diocesan Border Quarrels," in: {{cite book|editor=Herbers, Klaus & Frank Engel|title=Das begrenzte Papsttum: Spielräume päpstlichen Handelns. Legaten – delegierte Richter – Grenzen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ZWRChxiZWEC&pg=PA135|year=2013|publisher=De Gruyter|location=Berlin|isbn=978-3-11-030802-0|pages=134–145}}
* Defourneaux, Marcellin (1949). ''Les Français en Espagne aux XIe et XIIe siècles'' Paris: Presses Universitaires. [Mauricio Burdino]
* {{cite book|last=Florez|first=Henrique|title=España sagrada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H20OAAAAQAAJ|volume= XIV|year=1758|location=Madrid|language=Spanish|pages=71–101}}
* Leitaõ Ferreira, Francisco. "Catalogo chronologico-critico dos Bispos de Coimbra," in: {{cite book|title=Collecciao dos Documentos, Estatutos, e Memorias da Academia Real da Historia Portugueza|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XStVAAAAcAAJ|volume= IV. Numero XVIII.|year=1724|publisher=P. da Sylva|location=Lisbon|language=Portuguese}}
* Madahil, António Gomes da Rocha (1942). ''Livro das Vidas dos Bispos da Sé de Coimbra'', Coimbra, 1942. {{pt}} [medieval source]
* {{cite book|last=Reilly|first= Bernard F.|title=The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109|year=1989|publisher= Princeton University Press|location= Princeton|url =http://libro.uca.edu/alfonso6/index.htm}}
=== Pratélan episkopal ===
* {{cite book|last=Gams|first=Pius Bonifatius |title=Series episcoporum Ecclesiae catholicae: quotquot innotuerunt a beato Petro apostolo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=os9DAQAAMAAJ|year=1873|publisher=Typis et Sumptibus Georgii Josephi Manz|location=Ratisbon}} (Use with caution; obsolete)
* {{cite book|last1=Eubel|first1=Conradus|title=Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 1|date=1913|publisher=Libreria Regensbergiana|location=Münster|edition=second|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol01eubeuoft}} (in Latin)
* {{cite book|last1=Eubel|first1=Conradus|title=Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 2|date=1914|publisher=Libreria Regensbergiana|location=Münster|edition=second|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol02eubeuoft}} (in Latin)
* {{cite book|last1=Eubel|first1=Conradus|last2=Gulik|first2=Guilelmus|title=Hierarchia catholica, Tomus 3|date=1923|publisher=Libreria Regensbergiana|location=Münster|edition=second|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol02eubeuoft}}
* {{cite book|last1=Gauchat|first1=Patritius (Patrice)|title=Hierarchia catholica IV (1592-1667)|date=1935|publisher=Libraria Regensbergiana|location=Münster|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol04eubeuoft|accessdate=2016-07-06}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ritzler|first1=Remigius|last2=Sefrin|first2=Pirminus|title=Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi|volume=n Quintum (V) (1667-1730)|date=1952|publisher=Messagero di S. Antonio|location=Patavii|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol05eubeuoft|accessdate=2016-07-06}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ritzler|first1=Remigius|last2=Sefrin|first2=Pirminus|title=Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi|volume=n Sextum (VI) (1730-1799)|date=1958|publisher=Messagero di S. Antonio|location=Patavii|url=https://archive.org/details/hierarchiacathol06eubeuoft|accessdate=2016-07-06}}
* {{cite book|last1=Ritzler|first1=Remigius|last2=Sefrin|first2=Pirminus|title=Hierarchia Catholica medii et recentioris aevi sive summorum pontificum, S. R. E. cardinalium, ecclesiarum antistitum series... A pontificatu Pii PP. VII (1800) usque ad pontificatum Gregorii PP. XVI (1846)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pgyItwAACAAJ|volume= VII|year=1968|publisher=Libr. Regensburgiana|location=Monasterii|language=Latin}}
* {{cite book|author1=Ritzler, Remigius|author2=Pirminus Sefrin|title=Hierarchia catholica Medii et recentioris aevi... A Pontificatu PII PP. IX (1846) usque ad Pontificatum Leonis PP. XIII (1903)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5oXUjwEACAAJ|year=1978|volume= VIII|publisher=Il Messaggero di S. Antonio|language=Latin}}
* {{cite book|last= Pięta|first=Zenon|title=Hierarchia catholica medii et recentioris aevi... A pontificatu Pii PP. X (1903) usque ad pontificatum Benedictii PP. XV (1922)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QXuJQwAACAAJ|volume= IX|year=2002|publisher=Messagero di San Antonio|location=Padua|language=Latin|isbn=978-88-250-1000-8}}
== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala njaba ==
{{kabiskopan ing Portegal}}
{{coord|40.2088|N|8.4271|W|source:wikidata|display=title}}
[[Kategori:Coimbra]]
[[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Portegal|Coimbra]]
q2g0bwf3x4ozkv2yfjeua030lw9z6eg
Kabiskopan Agung Luksemburg
0
189818
1748877
1704887
2026-05-12T12:24:07Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748877
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox diocese
|jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung
|name = Luksemburg
|latin = Archidioecesis Luxemburgensis
|local = Erzdiözees Lëtzebuerg<br>Archidiocèse de Luxembourg<br>Erzdiözese Luxemburg
|image = Luxembourg Cathedral HDR.jpg
|caption = [[Katedral Notre-Dame, Luxembourg]]
|country = [[Luxembourg]]
|metropolitan = Gumantung marang [[Takhta Suci]]
|territory = [[Luksemburg]]
|rite = [[Ritus Latin]]
|established = 1833
|cathedral = [[Katedral Notre-Dame, Luxembourg]]
|cocathedral =
|area_km2 = 2,586
|population = {{profit}}576,000
|population_as_of = 2016
|catholics = {{profit}}425,000
|catholics_percent= {{loss}}73.8
|pope = {{Incumbent pope}}
|metro_archbishop = [[Jean-Claude Hollerich]]
|bishop_title = Biskop Agung
|emeritus_bishops = [[Fernand Franck]], <small>Biskop Agung Emeritus (1991-2011)</small>
}}
'''Kabiskopan Agung Luksemburg''' ({{lang-la|Archidioecesis Luxemburgensis}}) yaiku [[kabiskopan agung]] [[Ritus Latin]] [[Greja Katulik]] ing Keharyapatihan [[Luxembourg]], sing kalebu kabeh Keharyapatihan kasebut. Kabiskopan kasebut didegake ing 1870, lan dadi kabiskopan agung ing 1988.
== Ordinaris ==
[[Barkas:Mgr JCL Hollerich cath 20111016.jpg|jmpl|ka|200px|[[Jean-Claude Hollerich]], Biskop Agung Luxembourg saiki.]]
=== Vikar Apostolik ===
* [[Johann Theodor van der Noot]] (1833–1841)
* [[Johann Theodor Laurent]] (1841–1856)
* [[Nikolaus Adames]] (1848–1870)
=== Biskop ===
* [[Nikolaus Adames]] (1870–1883)
* [[Johannes Joseph Koppes]] (1883–1918)
* [[Petrus Nommesch]] (1920–1935)
* [[Joseph Laurent Philippe]], S.C.I. (1935–1956)
* [[Léon Lommel]] (1956–1971)
* [[Jean Hengen]] (1971–1988)
=== Biskop Agung ===
* [[Jean Hengen]] (1988–1990)
* [[Fernand Franck]] (1990–2011)
* [[Jean-Claude Hollerich]] (2011– )
== Sumber ==
* Kreins, Jean-Marie. Histoire du Luxembourg. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2010. 5th edition.
* {{Cite web|url=http://www.cathol.lu/patrimoine-geschichte/le-christianisme-au-luxembourg-das/die-kirche-im-grossherzogtum.html|title=The Catholic Church in Luxembourg - an historical overview|last=|first=|date=|website=cathol.lu|archive-url=|archive-date=|url-status=|access-date=}}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}
== Pranala njaba ==
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dluxe.html Archdiocese of Luxembourg]
* [http://www.cathol.lu/ Catholic Church in Luxembourg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203184702/https://cathol.lu/ |date=2020-02-03 }}
* [http://www.lcto.lu/graphics/illustrations/attractions/millenial_city/cathedral_to_the_blessed_vi.jpg Photo of the Cathedral in Luxembourg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090720032956/http://www.lcto.lu/graphics/illustrations/attractions/millenial_city/cathedral_to_the_blessed_vi.jpg |date=2009-07-20 }}
{{coord|49.6094|N|6.1311|E|source:wikidata|display=title}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Luksemburg]]
pq7c76anbh920gladykitfqe3pa2yiy
Kebon Tèh Wanasari
0
195102
1748898
1723458
2026-05-13T04:23:08Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748898
wikitext
text/x-wiki
[[Barkas:Kebun Teh Toyomarto Singosari Malang Jawa Timur - panoramio.jpg|jmpl|352x352px|Kebon Tèh Wanasari Malang]]
'''Kebon Tèh Wanasari''' yaiku salah sawijining agrowisata kang kuncara ing Kabupatèn Malang, mapan tepak ing Désa Toyamarta, Kacamatan Singasari lan ing Désa Wanareja, Kacamatan Lawang. Kebon tèh iki sacara geografis ana ing pèrènging Gunung Arjuna ing kadhuwuran 950-1250 mèter saka lumahing sagara kanthi suhu rata-rata 19-26 °C, ing sisih kuloné watesan karo Gunung Kawi. Déné jinising tèh kang ditandur ing kebon iki yaiku ''Thea Sinensis'' lan ''Thea Assamica''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tugumalang.id/kebun-teh-wonosari-lawang-wisata-keluarga-dan-petik-teh-yang-menyejukkan/|title=Kebun Teh Wonosari Lawang, Wisata Keluarga dan Petik Teh yang Menyejukkan|date=2022-10-28|website=Tugu Malang|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Lawang Kota Kenangan|last=Kurniawan|first=Redite|publisher=Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa|year=2018|isbn=978-602-437-419-8|location=Jakarta Timur|pages=}}</ref>
Kebon tèh kang ditindakaké déning PT. Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) XII iki, minangka kebon tèh wisata saliyané kang ana ing Jember, Lumajang, lan Blitar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tvonenews.com/daerah/jatim/151481-sejuknya-udara-di-kebun-teh-wonosari-lawang-pikat-turis-asing-dan-pengunjung-dalam-negeri|title=Sejuknya Udara di Kebun Teh Wonosari Lawang, Pikat Turis Asing dan Pengunjung dalam Negeri|last=Cahyono|first=Edi|date=2023-10-10|website=TV One News|access-date=2023-10-13}}</ref> Lan minangka kebon tèh sapisanan ing Jawa Wétan.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://ptpn12.com/2021/12/27/mengenal-sejarah-kebun-teh-wonosari-wisata-puncak-jawa-timur/|title=Mengenal Sejarah Kebun Teh Wonosari, Wisata Puncak Jawa Timur|first=PTPN12|date=2021-12-27|website=PT Perkebunan Nusantara XII|access-date=2023-10-14}}{{Pranala mati|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kebon tèh iki uga wus nganthongi pirang-pirang sèrtipikat produksi kayata Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), Ethical Tea Partnership (ETP), Rainforest Alliance (RA), lan sèrtipikat halal.<ref>{{Cite journal|first=Ismail|last2=Prasetijowati|first2=Tri|last3=Azizah|first3=Anisa Kurniatul|last4=Setiawati|first4=Maharani Ika|date=2022-11-21|title=Strategi Pengembangan Ekowisata Kebun Teh Wonosari, Malang|url=http://ejurnal.uwp.ac.id/lppm/index.php/prosiding/article/view/142|journal=Prosiding Seminar Nasional & Call for Paper PSGESI UWP, September 2022|volume=9|pages=241-249}}</ref>
== Péranganing papan ==
Kebon Tèh Wanasari ambané ana 1.144 héktar (Ha) lan kapérang dadi 3 kebon, yaiku, Kebon Wanasari, Kebon Radèn Agung, lan Kebon Gubug Lor.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dakatour.com/lokasi-dan-harga-tiket-masuk-kebun-teh-wonosari-lawang-malang-serunya-ngeteh-di-padang-hijau.html|title=Lokasi dan Harga Tiket Masuk Kebun Teh Wonosari Lawang Malang, Serunya Ngeteh di Padang Hijau|website=Daka Tour|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref> Déné Kebon Wanasari dhéwé ambané ana 370,3 Ha, kang tinandur tanduran tèh ana 316,24 Ha (85,4%), tanduran mahoni 8,7 Ha (2,35%), tanduran apel 0,75 Ha (0,2%), kebon utama 1 Ha (0,27%), émplasemén 9,24 Ha (2,5%), papan pangembangan wisata agro 0,86 Ha (0,23%), lan sapinunggalané (9,05%).<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Baskara|first=Medha|first2=Sitawati|title=Konsep Pengembangan Wisata Agro Kebun Teh Wonosari: Usaha Diversifikasi Dalam Meningkatkan Nilai Tambah Pengelolaan Perkebunan Teh|url=https://docplayer.info/35993993-Konsep-pengembangan-wisata-agro-kebun-teh-wonosari-usaha-diversifikasi-dalam-meningkatkan-nilai-tambah-pengelolaan-perkebunan-teh.html|journal=Seminar Nasional Perhimpunan Agronomi Indonesia (PERAGI)
“Tanggung Jawab Agronomi dalam Revitalisasi Pertanian” Malang, 27-28 September 2005|pages=1-12}}{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
== Sajarah ==
=== Jaman kolonial ===
Kebon Tèh Wanasari binukak kanggo sapisanan ing jaman kolonial Walanda. Nalika iku kang mbukak yaiku parusahaan anama NV Cultur Maatschappij ing taun 1875-1919, nanging kang dadi pangembang kebon iki wong Jérman. GM Verhey minangka diréktur sapisanan ing parusahaan iku, nalika Verhey séda katerusaké déning bojoné, Carlota Teodota. Banjur ing taun 1910, anaké kang jenengé Cornelis wiwit nyekel parusahaan warisané wong tuwané iku. Wiwit jaman samana kebon iki wis jinangkepi kanthi mesin kanggo nggawé tèh lan uga wis bisa ngékspor produk menyang manca. Nalika jaman Jepang, kebon tèh iki mandheg oprasiné jalaran Pamarèntah Jepang ngganti produk tèh kanthi produk-produk liya kayata katéla, uwi, lan kentang. Nanging pabrik iku ora dirusak lan diajurké. Mangka, nalika jaman sawusé kamardikan, wong Indhonésia isih bisa nerusaké kebon tinggalané Walanda iku.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Kartika|first=Ratna|date=2023-10-13|title=Perkembangan Agrowisata Perkebunan Teh Wonosari Tahun 1994-2010|url=https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/avatara/article/view/8443|journal=Avatara|volume=2|pages=61-74}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rejogja.republika.co.id/berita/r1kqg6399/mengenal-kebun-teh-wonosari-yang-ada-sejak-zaman-belanda|title=Mengenal Kebun Teh Wonosari yang Ada Sejak Zaman Belanda|last=Assidiq|first=Yusuf|last2=Fizriyan|first2=Wilda|date=2021-10-26|website=Rejogja|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref>
=== Jaman sawusé kamardikan ===
Sawusé kamardikan kebon tèh iku ditindakaké déning Pusat Perkebunan Negara. Ing taun 1950 tanduran kebon kang sadurungé tinandur kanthi tanduran-tanduran pangan déning Jepang, banjur ginanti kanthi tanduran tèh manèh. Ing taun 1957 jeneng pakebonan ginanti kanthi jeneng Pusat Perkebunan Negara (PPN) Kesatuan Jawa Timur, ing taun 1963 jeneng pakebonan ganti manèh Pusat Perkebunan Negara (PPN) Aneka Tanaman lan terus ana sapirang-pirang pagantian jeneng nganti pungkasan ing taun 1996, PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) XII.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Marisa|first=Rizky Hanivia|date=2022-05-31|title=Proses Produksi Teh Hitam Crushing Tearing Curling (Ctc) di Pt. Perkebunan Nusantara Xii Kebun Wonosari|url=http://repository.upnjatim.ac.id/6374/|journal=Skripsi|location=Surabaya|publisher=Fakultas Teknik|publication-place=UPN Veteran Jawa Timur}}</ref>
Kebon iki dibukak minangka papan wisata wiwit jamané Présidhèn Suharta ing taun 1994. Ing jaman semana Présidhèn Suharta kepéngin pariwisata bisa dumadi alat kanggo ngasilaké dévisa nagara nomer 3 utawa nomer 4 ing Indhonésia. Déné PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) XII kang dadi panindak Kebon Tèh Wanasari iku asliné gabungan saka PTPN XXIII, PTPN XXVI, lan PTPN XXIX ing taun 1996. Déné PTPN XII papan oprasiné ana 34 kebon kang sumebar ing 11 kabupatèn ing Jawa Wétan, awit saka Ngawi nganti Banyuwangi kanthi amba tumeka 80.928 héktar.<ref name=":0" />
== Fauna ==
Ing papan wisata iki saliyané nyumadyakaké éndahing tanduran tèh uga ana jinis-jinising kéwan, kayata, kutilang (Pynonotus aurigaster), drekuku (Streptopelia chinensis), jalak gunung (Sturnus sp), elang jawa (Spizactus bartelsii), pitik alas (Gallus gallus), darès (Tyto sp), budheng (Resbytis cristata), landak (Hystrix branchyura), kidang (Muntiacus muntjak), lan ula (Serpentes).<ref name=":2" />
== Parékonomèn ==
=== Tenaga kerja ===
Binukaké papan wisata iki nggawa berkah kanggo masarakat sacedhaké kebon tèh iki, kebon tèh iki wus jinasa akèh sajroning nyerep tenaga kerja saka masarakat lan ngedunké angka pangangguran. Umur wong kang bisa kerja ing papan wisata iki sathithiké 17 taun lan saakèhé 50 taun. Ana rong jinis karyawan kang ana ing kebon iki, yaiku karyawan tetep lan karyawan usuman. Karyawan tetep yaiku karyawan kang manggon ing kebon iki, déné karyawan usuman yaiku karyawan kang asalé saka panggon kang adoh saka désa mapané kebon tèh iku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://radarjombang.jawapos.com/opini/661014951/kualitas-hidup-masyarakat-sekitar-perkebunan-teh-wonosari|title=Kualitas Hidup Masyarakat Sekitar Perkebunan Teh Wonosari|last=RW|first=Achmad|date=2022-07-12|website=Jawa Pos Radar Jombang|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref>
=== Ékspor ===
Watara 90% produk Kebon Tèh Wanasari ngisi pasar manca, jinis tèh saka kebon iki sinaing kanthi produk-produk saka Kénya, India, lan Cina. Produk tèh iku dipasaraké menyang Malaysia, India, Singapura, Pakistan, lan Éropa. Saben tauné kebon iki masok tèh kira-kira 800-900 ton menyang pirang-pirang nagara kanthi rega Rp.29.000,- saben kiloné, amung 2-3% saka 800 ton iku kang diproduksi ing jero nagara kanthi mèrek Teh Rollas. Déné produk tèh Wanasari kang dipasarake ing manca diwènèhi cap SAR, tèh iku biasané dumadi salah siji bahan kanggo nggawé tèh seduh utawa tèh celup.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://health.kompas.com/read/2012/01/15/21483479/teh-wonosari-isi-pasar-luar-negeri|title=Teh Wonosari Isi Pasar Luar Negeri|last=Cahyaningrum|first=Siwi Yunita|date=2012-01-15|website=Kompas.com|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref><ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beritajatim.com/ekbis/kebun-teh-wonosari-lawang-hasilkan-800-ton-teh-siap-ekspor/|title=Kebun Teh Wonosari Lawang Hasilkan 800 Ton Teh Siap Ekspor|last=Wijoto|first=Ribut|date=2019-04-25|website=Berita Jatim|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref>
== Wayah operasional lan karcis mlebu ==
Wayah operasional papan wisata iki yaiku bukak wiwit tabuh 06.00 tumeka tabuh 17.00 WIB (Waktu Indonesia Barat). Kanthi béya retribusi ing dina Senèn tumeka Jemuwah Rp.8000,-, déné Setu lan Minggu Rp.12.000,-. Sauntara béya parkiré yaiku Rp.3000,- kanggo pit montor, lan Rp.5000,- kanggo mobil.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jatim.idntimes.com/travel/destination/alvi-nur-jannah/informasi-wisata-kebun-teh-wonosari-c1c2?page=all|title=Informasi Wisata Kebun Teh Wonosari: Rute, Tiket, Daya Tarik dan Tips|last=Jannah|first=Alvi Nur|date=2023-02-04|website=IDN Times Jatim|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref>
== Sarana lan wahana ==
Ana pirang-pirang sarana kang bisa dipigunakaké ing papan wisata iki kayata, papan parkir, kakus umum, langgar, omah mangan, toko sovenir, lan panginepan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dolanyok.com/kebun-teh-wonosari/|title=Wisata Petik Teh Di Kebun Teh Wonosari Malang Jawa Timur|date=2023-10-12|website=Dolan Yok|access-date=2023-10-14|archive-date=2023-10-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012171326/https://dolanyok.com/kebun-teh-wonosari/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Saliyané iku uga ana pirang-pirang sarana lan wahana jejangkepan kang bisa dinikmati para wisatawan kayata pamandu wisata (Rp.60.000,-), kolam renang (dina kerja Rp.10.000,-, pungkasaning minggu Rp.12.000,-), sepur kelinci (Rp.10.000,-), mobil ATV utawa skuter (Rp.50.000,-), sepédhah gunung, jaran wisata, ''flying fox,'' lan mobil rémot (Rp25.000,-).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yoursay.suara.com/ulasan/2023/04/05/150155/mengunjungi-wisata-agro-wonosari-kebun-teh-nge-hits-di-malang|title=Mengunjungi Wisata Agro Wonosari, Kebun Teh Nge-Hits di Malang!|last=Ningrum|first=Oktavia|date=2023-04-05|website=Yoursay|access-date=2023-10-14}}</ref>
== Cathetan suku ==
[[Kategori:Papan wisata ing Jawa Wétan]]
[[Kategori:WikiPlesir]]
pgyob1ykzmpfkz0wasrfpyidwy2a6e0
ꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀
0
196916
1748888
1704289
2026-05-13T01:16:36Z
~2026-28729-54
72649
Ndandani salah tik
1748888
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| name = ꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀
| other_name =
| native_name = {{lang|arz|بير طويل}}
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Terra nullius|ꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦱꦶꦁꦲꦺꦴꦫꦢꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦻꦩ꧀]]
| motto = <!-- images and maps ----------->
| image_skyline = File:Topographic Map of Bir Tawil.png
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = ꦥꦺꦛ[[ꦠꦺꦴꦥꦺꦴꦒꦿꦥ꦳ꦶ]]ꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀
| image_map =
| mapsize =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Egypt#Sudan<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = ꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀(ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂ)
| pushpin_map_alt = Neither Egypt nor the Sudan claims {{lang|arz-Latn|Bir Tawil|italic=no}}, which is located between the two countries
<!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type = ꦤꦒꦫ
| subdivision_name = [[Terra nullius|ꦤꦤ]]
| subdivision_type1 =
| subdivision_name1 =
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 = <!-- Area --------------------->
| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 2060
| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
<!-- Population ----------------------->| population_as_of = 2018
| population_footnotes =
| population_note =
| population_total = 0
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_blank1_title = Ethnicities
| population_blank1 =
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information --------------->
| timezone =
| utc_offset =
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| coordinates = {{Coord|21|52|9|N|33|44|52|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| footnotes =
| image_flag =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| government_type =
}}
[[File:Egypt Sudan claims.svg|thumb|right|ꦥꦼꦠꦱꦶꦁꦤꦸꦢꦸꦲꦏꦼ[[ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂ]](ꦏꦸꦤꦶꦁ)꧈[[ꦱꦸꦢꦤ꧀]](ꦧꦶꦫꦸ)꧈[[ꦱꦼꦒꦶꦠꦶꦒꦲꦭ'ꦆꦧ꧀]]ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦲꦶꦩ꧀ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦢꦤ꧀(ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ)꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦢꦤ꧀(ꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ)]]
꧋'''ꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀'''꧈ꦏꦝꦁꦏꦭꦱꦶꦤꦼꦧꦸꦠ꧀'''ꦱꦼꦒꦶꦠꦶꦒꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀'''꧈ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦱꦶꦁꦤꦸꦠꦸꦥꦶ{{convert|2060|km²|0|abbr=on}}ꦏꦁꦢꦸꦩꦸꦤꦸꦁꦲꦶꦁꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺ[[ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂ]]ꦭꦤ꧀[[ꦱꦸꦢꦤ꧀]]꧉ꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦲꦶꦏꦶꦲꦺꦴꦫꦢꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦻꦩ꧀ꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦤꦼꦒꦫꦲꦥꦮꦲꦺ꧈ꦩꦸꦭꦢꦢꦶ[[ꦠꦼꦂꦫꦤꦸꦭ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦸꦱ꧀]](ꦠꦤꦃꦲꦺꦴꦫꦲꦤꦮꦺꦴꦁ)꧉
꧋ꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦆꦏꦶꦢꦶꦏꦸꦮꦱꦤꦶꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂꦲꦶꦁꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧑꧙꧐꧒꧇ꦄꦩꦂꦒꦢꦢꦶꦥꦥꦤ꧀ꦥꦔꦺꦴꦤꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦱꦸꦏꦸꦲꦧꦧ꧀ꦢ꧉ꦱꦲꦶꦏꦶ꧈ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂꦲꦶꦱꦶꦃꦩꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦃꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦏꦱꦼꦧꦸꦠ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦲꦤꦲꦶꦁꦥꦺꦠꦥꦩꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦃꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂ꧉<ref>{{cite book|title=CIA World Factbook 2010|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pqanFyF6nI0C&pg=PA209|year=2010|publisher=CIA|chapter=Egypt}}</ref>
==ꦫꦺꦥ꦳ꦺꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Kategori:ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫꦗꦮ]]
h7ho7i6gk7thzoq1vv4i37p9iwucxob
1748889
1748888
2026-05-13T01:19:06Z
~2026-28729-54
72649
Ndandani salah tik
1748889
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->
<!-- Basic info ---------------->| name = ꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀
| other_name =
| native_name = {{lang|arz|بير طويل}}
| nickname =
| settlement_type = [[Terra nullius|ꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦱꦶꦁꦲꦺꦴꦫꦢꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦻꦩ꧀]]
| motto = <!-- images and maps ----------->
| image_skyline = File:Topographic Map of Bir Tawil.png
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = ꦥꦺꦠ[[ꦠꦺꦴꦥꦺꦴꦒꦿꦥ꦳ꦶ]]ꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀
| image_map =
| mapsize =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Egypt#Sudan<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
| pushpin_label_position = bottom
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption = ꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀(ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂ)
| pushpin_map_alt = Neither Egypt nor the Sudan claims {{lang|arz-Latn|Bir Tawil|italic=no}}, which is located between the two countries
<!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type = ꦤꦒꦫ
| subdivision_name = [[Terra nullius|ꦤꦤ]]
| subdivision_type1 =
| subdivision_name1 =
| subdivision_type2 =
| subdivision_name2 =
| subdivision_type3 =
| subdivision_name3 = <!-- Area --------------------->
| area_magnitude =
| unit_pref = metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 2060
| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
<!-- Population ----------------------->| population_as_of = 2018
| population_footnotes =
| population_note =
| population_total = 0
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_metro =
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_blank1_title = Ethnicities
| population_blank1 =
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information --------------->
| timezone =
| utc_offset =
| timezone_DST =
| utc_offset_DST =
| coordinates = {{Coord|21|52|9|N|33|44|52|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| footnotes =
| image_flag =
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| government_type =
}}
[[File:Egypt Sudan claims.svg|thumb|right|ꦥꦼꦠꦱꦶꦁꦤꦸꦢꦸꦲꦏꦼ[[ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂ]](ꦏꦸꦤꦶꦁ)꧈[[ꦱꦸꦢꦤ꧀]](ꦧꦶꦫꦸ)꧈[[ꦱꦼꦒꦶꦠꦶꦒꦲꦭ'ꦆꦧ꧀]]ꦱꦶꦁꦢꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦲꦶꦩ꧀ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦢꦤ꧀(ꦲꦶꦗꦺꦴ)꧈ꦭꦤ꧀ꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂꦭꦤ꧀ꦱꦸꦢꦤ꧀(ꦥꦸꦠꦶꦃ)]]
꧋'''ꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀'''꧈ꦏꦝꦁꦏꦭꦱꦶꦤꦼꦧꦸꦠ꧀'''ꦱꦼꦒꦶꦠꦶꦒꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀'''꧈ꦩꦶꦤꦁꦏꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦱꦶꦁꦤꦸꦠꦸꦥꦶ{{convert|2060|km²|0|abbr=on}}ꦏꦁꦢꦸꦩꦸꦤꦸꦁꦲꦶꦁꦲꦤ꧀ꦠꦫꦤꦺ[[ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂ]]ꦭꦤ꧀[[ꦱꦸꦢꦤ꧀]]꧉ꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦲꦶꦏꦶꦲꦺꦴꦫꦢꦶꦏ꧀ꦭꦻꦩ꧀ꦢꦺꦤꦶꦁꦤꦼꦒꦫꦲꦥꦮꦲꦺ꧈ꦩꦸꦭꦢꦢꦶ[[ꦠꦼꦂꦫꦤꦸꦭ꧀ꦭꦶꦪꦸꦱ꧀]](ꦠꦤꦃꦲꦺꦴꦫꦲꦤꦮꦺꦴꦁ)꧉
꧋ꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦆꦏꦶꦢꦶꦏꦸꦮꦱꦤꦶꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂꦲꦶꦁꦠꦲꦸꦤ꧀꧇꧑꧙꧐꧒꧇ꦄꦩꦂꦒꦢꦢꦶꦥꦥꦤ꧀ꦥꦔꦺꦴꦤꦤ꧀ꦏꦁꦒꦺꦴꦱꦸꦏꦸꦲꦧꦧ꧀ꦢ꧉ꦱꦲꦶꦏꦶ꧈ꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂꦲꦶꦱꦶꦃꦩꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦃꦧꦶꦂꦠꦮꦶꦭ꧀ꦤꦔꦶꦁꦮꦶꦭꦪꦃꦏꦱꦼꦧꦸꦠ꧀ꦲꦺꦴꦫꦲꦤꦲꦶꦁꦥꦺꦠꦥꦩꦿꦺꦤ꧀ꦠꦃꦩꦼꦱꦶꦂ꧉<ref>{{cite book|title=CIA World Factbook 2010|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pqanFyF6nI0C&pg=PA209|year=2010|publisher=CIA|chapter=Egypt}}</ref>
==ꦫꦺꦥ꦳ꦺꦫꦺꦤ꧀ꦱꦶ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Kategori:ꦲꦏ꧀ꦱꦫꦗꦮ]]
d7w4sl6ihoj7u8yfqq0spkalyjzmpzu
Kakolonan
0
197175
1748885
1697733
2026-05-12T23:00:04Z
InternetArchiveBot
48188
Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
1748885
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Short description|Prihatin marang awaké dhèwè angluwihi wong liya}}
'''Kakolonan''' iku pratingkah kang kaliwat amentingaké awaké dhèwè utawa kontungan, kasenengan, utawa karaharjané awaké dhèwè tanpa amedulèkaké wong liya.<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/selfish?show=0&t=1408827003 "Selfish"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019174738/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/selfish?show=0&t=1408827003 |date=19-10-2014 }}, Bausastra Merriam-Webster, diaksès ing 23 Agustus 2014</ref><ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/selfish tegesé - Selfishness], reference.com, diaksès ing 23 April 2012</ref>
Kakolonan iku kosok baliné [[altruisme]] utawa ora amentingaké awaké dhèwè lan uga wis dibédakaké (kaya déning [[C. S. Lewis]]) karo [[Egosentrisme|amusataké ing awaké dhèwè]].<ref>C.S. Lewis, ''Surprised by Joy'' (1988) pp. 116–17</ref>
== Deleng uga ==
{{Columns-list|colwidth=22em|
*[[Égoisme étis]]
*[[Égotisme]]
*[[Kapentingan dhiri kang kapadhangaké]]
*[[Pranatan emas|Pranatan timbal-tumimbal]] ("Pranatan Emas")
*[[Téori dolanan]] (siyasat kolon lan akerigan)
*[[Kaloman]]
*[[Hedonisme|Hédonisme]]
*[[Obahan Anguthut Manungsa]]
*[[Individualisme]]
*[[Anarkisme individualis]]
*[[Narsisme]]
*[[Friedrich Nietzsche|Nietzsche]]
*[[Obyèktivisme|Lésantantra]]
*[[Filsafat Friedrich Nietzsche]]
*[[Max Stirner|Filsafat Max Stirner]]
*[[Égoisme psikologis]]
*[[Égoisme rasional]]
*[[Humanisme sékulèr|Manungsatantra sekulèr]]
*[[Bias ladèn dhiri]]
*[[The Selfish Gene]]
*[[Thelema]]
}}
== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist|}}
== Wacan sabanjuré ==
* ''[[A Theory of Justice]]'' (déning [[John Rawls]])
* ''[[The Evolution of Cooperation]]'', [[Robert Axelrod (èlmuwan pulitis)|Robert Axelrod]], Basic Books, {{ISBN|0-465-02121-2}}
* ''[[The Selfish Gene]]'', [[Richard Dawkins]] (1990), weweton kapindho—kalebu rong bab babagan évolusi kerigan, {{ISBN|0-19-286092-5}}
*''[[The Virtue of Selfishness]]'', [[Ayn Rand]], {{ISBN|0451163931}}
* David Seabury. ''The Art of Selfishness'' (1990, 1971).
* Paul Vitz. ''Psychology as Religion: The Cult of Self-worship'' (weweton kapindho, Eerdmans, 1994, weweton asli, 1977) (W.B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, MI)
== Pranala njaba ==
{{wikiquote}}
* [http://healthland.time.com/2012/10/08/is-human-nature-fundamentally-selfish-or-altruistic/ Apaa Sipat Manungsa iku Dhasaré Kolon utawa Altruistis?]{{Pranala mati|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Narsisme}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Kategori:Narsisme]]
[[Kategori:Individualisme]]
[[Kategori:Konsèp étika]]
[[Kategori:Filsafat urip]]
[[Kategori:Égoisme]]
6nmv41hq1do27md794uaz5wflb0z95v
Kolak Telur Desa Sarwodadi
0
200296
1748893
1748862
2026-05-13T02:31:17Z
Bramantya Gunawan
72508
Menehi rujukan lan nata tata tulis
1748893
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Kolak telur yaiku salah sawijining panganan khas saka Désa Sarwodadi, Kecamatan Comal, Kabupaten Pemalang, Jawa Tengah. Kolak telur dadi salah sawijining kuliner khas saka Kabupaten Pemalang.<ref>Azhar, Fiqi. (24 Januari 2022). "Kolak Telur Hidangan Special Asli Pemalang". Joglo Jateng.</ref> Panganan iki misuwur amarga nduwèni rasa legi lan gurih kang khas. Kolak telur biasané disuguhaké minangka dhaharan istiméwa kanggo tamu kinurmatan utawa nalika ana acara mligi.
Kolak telur digawé saka kuning endhog bebek kang dimasak nganggo kuah santen, gula jawa, jaé, lan godhong pandan. Campuran bahan kasebut ngasilaké rasa kang énak lan ambu kang wangi. Panganan iki uga nduwèni ciri khas amarga kuning endhog tetep bunder lan ora pecah nalika dimasak.
Wiwitané, kolak telur digawé déning warga lan Kelompok Tani Ternak Sarwosari amarga asil endhog bebek ing Désa Sarwodadi akèh banget. Biasané, endhog mung diolah dadi endhog asin utawa digorèng. Nanging, warga banjur gawé inovasi panganan anyar supaya nduwèni nilai luwih lan bisa dadi panganan khas désa.
Nalika proses masak, kuah santen digodhog nganti umob. Sawisé kuwi, kuning endhog dilebokaké siji-siji kanthi ati-ati supaya tetep utuh. Sawisé mateng, tekstur kuning endhog dadi luwih kenyal lan gurih. Kaunikan iki ndadèkaké kolak telur béda karo kolak liya.
Saiki kolak telur saya dikenal déning masyarakat lan dadi salah sawijining kuliner khas saka Kabupaten Pemalang. Panganan iki uga dianggep minangka warisan kuliner tradhisional kang kudu dijaga lan dilestarèkaké.
== Rujukan ==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:Olah-olahan Jawa]]
3rv4zdqsfqapm71s3apobcj4nxvc1b4
Tradisi Lamporan Suronan
0
200343
1748897
1748828
2026-05-13T04:22:20Z
Machaalattee
72387
1748897
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Tradhisi Tolak Bala ing Desa Karangjong, Kecamatan Ngawen, Kabupaten Blora
Lamporan minangka salah sawijining warisan budaya leluhur sing nganti saiki isih dijaga lan dilestarekake dening masyarakat Desa Karangjong, Kecamatan Ngawen, Kabupaten Blora.
Tradhisi iki lumrahe dianakake saben sasi Suro minangka wujud panyuwunan lan donga supaya masyarakat tansah diparingi kaslametan lan dijauhake saka bebaya, pageblug, lan sakabehe balak.
Lamporan dikenal minangka tradhisi arak-arakan ing wayah wengi kanthi nggawa obor utawa oncor. Cahya obor kasebut dadi pralambang pepadhang urip lan pangarep-arep supaya warga tansah pinaringan katentreman lan karaharjan. Suasana tradhisi iki katon luwih sakral lan mistis amarga dilaksanakake ing wayah wengi kanthi iringan tetabuhan tradhisional lan donga adat. Salah sawijining paugeran sing isih dijaga nganti saiki yaiku kabeh lampu ing desa kudu dipateni nalika prosesi Lamporan lumaku. Tujuwane supaya cahya obor bisa sumunar kanthi cetha lan nambah rasa khidmat sajrone acara. Nalika kahanan desa peteng lan mung katerangan cahya obor, swasana Lamporan katon luwih magis lan nduweni makna kang jero. Cahya obor dipercaya minangka pralambang pepadhang kang bisa ngusir energi ala lan mara bebaya saka desa.
Miturut crita masyarakat setempat, tradhisi Lamporan Suran biyen tau suwé ora dianakake nganti meh ilang lan punah. Nanging amarga anane kepedulian para pegiat seni budaya lan para sesepuh desa, tradhisi iki bisa diuripake maneh kanthi tata cara sing luwih tertib tanpa ngilangake nilai sakral lan ciri khas tradhisine.
Prosesi Lamporan biasane diawali kanthi donga bebarengan. Sawisé kuwi, para peserta miwiti nyunyuk lampor, yaiku mlaku ngubengi desa kanthi nggawa obor nganti tekan tengah wengi. Sajrone ngubengi desa, rombongan bakal mampir menyang omah-omah warga kanggo njupuk sesaji utawa persembahan sing wis disiapake, kayata jajanan tradhisional lan asil bumi.
Ing jaman biyen, tradhisi iki uga dimeriahake kanthi anane tokoh Kemamang, yaiku wong sing awake dibuntel nganggo pelepah gedhang lan dipasangi mancung kang banjur disulut nganti metu bara geni. Tokoh Kemamang dipercaya nduweni makna minangka simbol tolak bala. Nanging kanggo dadi Kemamang ora kena sembarangan amarga wong sing nindakake kudu nglakoni pasa nganti patang puluh dina. Sajrone prosesi, Kemamang biasane dioyak bocah angon minangka pralambang ngusir bebaya saka desa.
Saliyane minangka tradhisi spiritual, Lamporan uga dadi sarana ngukuhake kerukunan masyarakat. Tradhisi iki melu nglibatake kabeh lapisan masyarakat, wiwit bocah-bocah nganti wong tuwa. Kanthi lestarine tradhisi Lamporan, masyarakat Desa Karangjong ngarep-arep supaya warisan budaya leluhur iki bisa terus dijaga lan dikenal dening generasi mudha supaya ora ilang katelan perkembangan jaman.
[https://www.bloranews.com/pungkasan-suro-di-blora-tradisi-lamporan-kunden/][https://muria.tribunnews.com/2022/08/13/mengenal-lamporan-tradisi-tolak-bala-yang-masih-lestari-di-kunduran-blora-ada-obor-dan-barongan][https://repository.uksw.edu/items/2d79c4cc-863d-4e25-bef0-4650b3cbfa50][https://www.pertapakendeng.com/2025/07/kecamatan-todanan-menggelar-tradisi.html]
e58tu3rbm3lnihvbc1qxu9mvmosl6pt
1748899
1748897
2026-05-13T04:24:19Z
Machaalattee
72387
1748899
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Tradhisi Tolak Bala ing Desa Karangjong, Kecamatan Ngawen, Kabupaten Blora
Lamporan minangka salah sawijining warisan budaya leluhur sing nganti saiki isih dijaga lan dilestarekake dening masyarakat Desa Karangjong, Kecamatan Ngawen, Kabupaten Blora.
Tradhisi iki lumrahe dianakake saben sasi Suro minangka wujud panyuwunan lan donga supaya masyarakat tansah diparingi kaslametan lan dijauhake saka bebaya, pageblug, lan sakabehe balak.
Lamporan dikenal minangka tradhisi arak-arakan ing wayah wengi kanthi nggawa obor utawa oncor. Cahya obor kasebut dadi pralambang pepadhang urip lan pangarep-arep supaya warga tansah pinaringan katentreman lan karaharjan. Suasana tradhisi iki katon luwih sakral lan mistis amarga dilaksanakake ing wayah wengi kanthi iringan tetabuhan tradhisional lan donga adat. Salah sawijining paugeran sing isih dijaga nganti saiki yaiku kabeh lampu ing desa kudu dipateni nalika prosesi Lamporan lumaku. Tujuwane supaya cahya obor bisa sumunar kanthi cetha lan nambah rasa khidmat sajrone acara. Nalika kahanan desa peteng lan mung katerangan cahya obor, swasana Lamporan katon luwih magis lan nduweni makna kang jero. Cahya obor dipercaya minangka pralambang pepadhang kang bisa ngusir energi ala lan mara bebaya saka desa.
Miturut crita masyarakat setempat, tradhisi Lamporan Suran biyen tau suwé ora dianakake nganti meh ilang lan punah. Nanging amarga anane kepedulian para pegiat seni budaya lan para sesepuh desa, tradhisi iki bisa diuripake maneh kanthi tata cara sing luwih tertib tanpa ngilangake nilai sakral lan ciri khas tradhisine.
Prosesi Lamporan biasane diawali kanthi donga bebarengan. Sawisé kuwi, para peserta miwiti nyunyuk lampor, yaiku mlaku ngubengi desa kanthi nggawa obor nganti tekan tengah wengi. Sajrone ngubengi desa, rombongan bakal mampir menyang omah-omah warga kanggo njupuk sesaji utawa persembahan sing wis disiapake, kayata jajanan tradhisional lan asil bumi.
Ing jaman biyen, tradhisi iki uga dimeriahake kanthi anane tokoh Kemamang, yaiku wong sing awake dibuntel nganggo pelepah gedhang lan dipasangi mancung kang banjur disulut nganti metu bara geni. Tokoh Kemamang dipercaya nduweni makna minangka simbol tolak bala. Nanging kanggo dadi Kemamang ora kena sembarangan amarga wong sing nindakake kudu nglakoni pasa nganti patang puluh dina. Sajrone prosesi, Kemamang biasane dioyak bocah angon minangka pralambang ngusir bebaya saka desa.
Saliyane minangka tradhisi spiritual, Lamporan uga dadi sarana ngukuhake kerukunan masyarakat. Tradhisi iki melu nglibatake kabeh lapisan masyarakat, wiwit bocah-bocah nganti wong tuwa. Kanthi lestarine tradhisi Lamporan, masyarakat Desa Karangjong ngarep-arep supaya warisan budaya leluhur iki bisa terus dijaga lan dikenal dening generasi mudha supaya ora ilang katelan perkembangan jaman.
https://www.bloranews.com/pungkasan-suro-di-blora-tradisi-lamporan-kunden/<nowiki/>https://muria.tribunnews.com/2022/08/13/mengenal-lamporan-tradisi-tolak-bala-yang-masih-lestari-di-kunduran-blora-ada-obor-dan-barongan<nowiki/>https://repository.uksw.edu/items/2d79c4cc-863d-4e25-bef0-4650b3cbfa50<nowiki/>https://www.pertapakendeng.com/2025/07/kecamatan-todanan-menggelar-tradisi.html<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloranews.com/pungkasan-suro-di-blora-tradisi-lamporan-kunden/|title=PUNGKASAN SURO DI BLORA : TRADISI LAMPORAN KUNDEN {{!}} BLORANEWS|last=bloranews|date=2016-10-28|language=id|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref>
3hfl0w85nj0gydmjumf5codr3hdahcz
1748900
1748899
2026-05-13T04:24:57Z
Machaalattee
72387
1748900
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Tradhisi Tolak Bala ing Desa Karangjong, Kecamatan Ngawen, Kabupaten Blora
Lamporan minangka salah sawijining warisan budaya leluhur sing nganti saiki isih dijaga lan dilestarekake dening masyarakat Desa Karangjong, Kecamatan Ngawen, Kabupaten Blora.
Tradhisi iki lumrahe dianakake saben sasi Suro minangka wujud panyuwunan lan donga supaya masyarakat tansah diparingi kaslametan lan dijauhake saka bebaya, pageblug, lan sakabehe balak.
Lamporan dikenal minangka tradhisi arak-arakan ing wayah wengi kanthi nggawa obor utawa oncor. Cahya obor kasebut dadi pralambang pepadhang urip lan pangarep-arep supaya warga tansah pinaringan katentreman lan karaharjan. Suasana tradhisi iki katon luwih sakral lan mistis amarga dilaksanakake ing wayah wengi kanthi iringan tetabuhan tradhisional lan donga adat. Salah sawijining paugeran sing isih dijaga nganti saiki yaiku kabeh lampu ing desa kudu dipateni nalika prosesi Lamporan lumaku. Tujuwane supaya cahya obor bisa sumunar kanthi cetha lan nambah rasa khidmat sajrone acara. Nalika kahanan desa peteng lan mung katerangan cahya obor, swasana Lamporan katon luwih magis lan nduweni makna kang jero. Cahya obor dipercaya minangka pralambang pepadhang kang bisa ngusir energi ala lan mara bebaya saka desa.
Miturut crita masyarakat setempat, tradhisi Lamporan Suran biyen tau suwé ora dianakake nganti meh ilang lan punah. Nanging amarga anane kepedulian para pegiat seni budaya lan para sesepuh desa, tradhisi iki bisa diuripake maneh kanthi tata cara sing luwih tertib tanpa ngilangake nilai sakral lan ciri khas tradhisine.
Prosesi Lamporan biasane diawali kanthi donga bebarengan. Sawisé kuwi, para peserta miwiti nyunyuk lampor, yaiku mlaku ngubengi desa kanthi nggawa obor nganti tekan tengah wengi. Sajrone ngubengi desa, rombongan bakal mampir menyang omah-omah warga kanggo njupuk sesaji utawa persembahan sing wis disiapake, kayata jajanan tradhisional lan asil bumi.
Ing jaman biyen, tradhisi iki uga dimeriahake kanthi anane tokoh Kemamang, yaiku wong sing awake dibuntel nganggo pelepah gedhang lan dipasangi mancung kang banjur disulut nganti metu bara geni. Tokoh Kemamang dipercaya nduweni makna minangka simbol tolak bala. Nanging kanggo dadi Kemamang ora kena sembarangan amarga wong sing nindakake kudu nglakoni pasa nganti patang puluh dina. Sajrone prosesi, Kemamang biasane dioyak bocah angon minangka pralambang ngusir bebaya saka desa.
Saliyane minangka tradhisi spiritual, Lamporan uga dadi sarana ngukuhake kerukunan masyarakat. Tradhisi iki melu nglibatake kabeh lapisan masyarakat, wiwit bocah-bocah nganti wong tuwa. Kanthi lestarine tradhisi Lamporan, masyarakat Desa Karangjong ngarep-arep supaya warisan budaya leluhur iki bisa terus dijaga lan dikenal dening generasi mudha supaya ora ilang katelan perkembangan jaman.
https://muria.tribunnews.com/2022/08/13/mengenal-lamporan-tradisi-tolak-bala-yang-masih-lestari-di-kunduran-blora-ada-obor-dan-barongan<nowiki/>https://repository.uksw.edu/items/2d79c4cc-863d-4e25-bef0-4650b3cbfa50<nowiki/>https://www.pertapakendeng.com/2025/07/kecamatan-todanan-menggelar-tradisi.html<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloranews.com/pungkasan-suro-di-blora-tradisi-lamporan-kunden/|title=PUNGKASAN SURO DI BLORA : TRADISI LAMPORAN KUNDEN {{!}} BLORANEWS|last=bloranews|date=2016-10-28|language=id|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref>
kabu7y9ni7hittqcbph8cidb5nl3ppb
1748901
1748900
2026-05-13T04:27:16Z
Machaalattee
72387
1748901
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Tradhisi Tolak Bala ing Desa Karangjong, Kecamatan Ngawen, Kabupaten Blora
Lamporan minangka salah sawijining warisan budaya leluhur sing nganti saiki isih dijaga lan dilestarekake dening masyarakat Desa Karangjong, Kecamatan Ngawen, Kabupaten Blora.
Tradhisi iki lumrahe dianakake saben sasi Suro minangka wujud panyuwunan lan donga supaya masyarakat tansah diparingi kaslametan lan dijauhake saka bebaya, pageblug, lan sakabehe balak.
Lamporan dikenal minangka tradhisi arak-arakan ing wayah wengi kanthi nggawa obor utawa oncor. Cahya obor kasebut dadi pralambang pepadhang urip lan pangarep-arep supaya warga tansah pinaringan katentreman lan karaharjan. Suasana tradhisi iki katon luwih sakral lan mistis amarga dilaksanakake ing wayah wengi kanthi iringan tetabuhan tradhisional lan donga adat. Salah sawijining paugeran sing isih dijaga nganti saiki yaiku kabeh lampu ing desa kudu dipateni nalika prosesi Lamporan lumaku. Tujuwane supaya cahya obor bisa sumunar kanthi cetha lan nambah rasa khidmat sajrone acara. Nalika kahanan desa peteng lan mung katerangan cahya obor, swasana Lamporan katon luwih magis lan nduweni makna kang jero. Cahya obor dipercaya minangka pralambang pepadhang kang bisa ngusir energi ala lan mara bebaya saka desa.
Miturut crita masyarakat setempat, tradhisi Lamporan Suran biyen tau suwé ora dianakake nganti meh ilang lan punah. Nanging amarga anane kepedulian para pegiat seni budaya lan para sesepuh desa, tradhisi iki bisa diuripake maneh kanthi tata cara sing luwih tertib tanpa ngilangake nilai sakral lan ciri khas tradhisine.
Prosesi Lamporan biasane diawali kanthi donga bebarengan. Sawisé kuwi, para peserta miwiti nyunyuk lampor, yaiku mlaku ngubengi desa kanthi nggawa obor nganti tekan tengah wengi. Sajrone ngubengi desa, rombongan bakal mampir menyang omah-omah warga kanggo njupuk sesaji utawa persembahan sing wis disiapake, kayata jajanan tradhisional lan asil bumi.
Ing jaman biyen, tradhisi iki uga dimeriahake kanthi anane tokoh Kemamang, yaiku wong sing awake dibuntel nganggo pelepah gedhang lan dipasangi mancung kang banjur disulut nganti metu bara geni. Tokoh Kemamang dipercaya nduweni makna minangka simbol tolak bala. Nanging kanggo dadi Kemamang ora kena sembarangan amarga wong sing nindakake kudu nglakoni pasa nganti patang puluh dina. Sajrone prosesi, Kemamang biasane dioyak bocah angon minangka pralambang ngusir bebaya saka desa.
Saliyane minangka tradhisi spiritual, Lamporan uga dadi sarana ngukuhake kerukunan masyarakat. Tradhisi iki melu nglibatake kabeh lapisan masyarakat, wiwit bocah-bocah nganti wong tuwa. Kanthi lestarine tradhisi Lamporan, masyarakat Desa Karangjong ngarep-arep supaya warisan budaya leluhur iki bisa terus dijaga lan dikenal dening generasi mudha supaya ora ilang katelan perkembangan jaman.
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloranews.com/pungkasan-suro-di-blora-tradisi-lamporan-kunden/|title=PUNGKASAN SURO DI BLORA : TRADISI LAMPORAN KUNDEN {{!}} BLORANEWS|last=bloranews|date=2016-10-28|language=id|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref>
r3a2z0hbqpib2de2z5kdbq4yd2hyo9b
Gemblong cotot
0
200353
1748891
1748858
2026-05-13T01:38:33Z
Ucrit27
72363
1748891
wikitext
text/x-wiki
Gêmblong Cotot yaiku salah siji panganan tradisional khas saka kutha Salatiga, Jawa Têngah. Panganan iki digawe saka téla kaspo (singkong) sing dialuské banjur digorèng. Titikané panganan iki ana ing isèn-isènné sing bisa luluh utawa "nyotot" mêtu nalika dipangan.
Sajarah lan Filosofi
Sujarahé gêmblong cotot ora bisa ucul saka kahanan géografis tlatah Salatiga lan Ambarawa sing pancèn akèhasil téla kasponé. Jaman dhisik, téla dadi panganan pokok nggantèni sêga nalika jaman susah utawa paceklik. Supaya ora bosen, masarakat nggawé kréasi kanthi nambahaké gula jawa ing njêroné. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ramadan.kompasiana.com/suharyantopusbiola/661bb7ed147093624b6be0d2/gemblong-cotot-yang-viral-oleh-oleh-lebaran-dari-salatiga|title=Gemblong Cotot yang Viral Oleh-oleh Lebaran dari Salatiga|last=Kompasiana.com|date=2024-04-14|website=KOMPASIANA|language=id|access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref>
Jênêng "Cotot" dijupuk saka têmbung basa Jawa sing têgêsé "mêtu kanthi dadakan". Jênêng iki nggambaraké sènsasi nalika wong mangan panganan iki, banjur isèn-isènné (gula jawa) muncrat mêtu amarga isih luluh utawa cair.
Bahan lan Cara Nggawé
Bahan utama kanggo nggawé gêmblong cotot yaiku:
Téla Kaspo: Dipilih sing apik lan mêmêl, banjur didang (dikukus) nganti êmpuk.
Uyah lan Klapa Parut: Dicampur ing adonan téla supaya ana rasa gurihé.
Isèn-isèn: Gula jawa utawa gula pasir.
Cara nggawéné:
Téla sing wis matêng ditumbuk nganti alus nalika isih panas (bèntèr). Sawisé alus, adonan dibêntuk lonjong lan diisi gula ing têngahé. Sing pungkasan, adonan digorèng ing lênga panas nganti wèrnané kuning sêmu soklat.
Pêrkêmbangan lan Inovasi
Saiki, Gêmblong Cotot disêbut minangka jajanan sing wis "naik kelas". Yèn dhisik mung dianggep panganan ndésa sing didol ing pasar nganggo pincuk, saiki gêmblong cotot wis dadi ikon wisata kulinèr sing èksis ing jagat pêrkulinèran modèrn.
Panganan khas siji iki rasané legi, êmpuk, lan lumèr ing tutuk. Owah-owahan sing paling kétok yaiku ing variasi isèn-isènné. Wiwitané isiné mung gula jawa utawa gula pasir, nanging sairing pêrkêmbangané, isèn-isèn panganan iki wiwit warna-warna, kayata:
Cokèlat,Manéka warna sèlai (stroberi, nanas, lsp.), Kèju
Amarga tèksturé sing êmpuk lan rasané sing saya variatif, gêmblong cotot saya èksis lan ora mung disenengi déning wong lokal, nanging uga dadi olèh-olèh favorit para wisatawan sing dolan mênyang Salatiga.
p5d82m8w4a4w27tza228a2bsqstobtz
Jon Glover
0
200359
1748880
2026-05-12T16:53:24Z
Meursault2004
3
Rintisan saka [[:en:Jon Glover|]]
1748880
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Jon Philip Glover''' (lair 26 Dhèsèmber 1952) iku aktor Inggris.
== Réferènsi ==
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Glover, Jon}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1952]]
[[Kategori:Wong urip]]
els87etg83xexm5csnj8ooxkybbx147
1748884
1748880
2026-05-12T22:58:31Z
Meursault2004
3
/* Réferènsi */
1748884
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Jon Philip Glover''' (lair 26 Dhèsèmber 1952) iku aktor Inggris.
== Réferènsi ==
{{Reflist}}
==Pranala njaba==
*{{IMDb name}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Glover, Jon}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1952]]
[[Kategori:Wong urip]]
n2zfbjabbcddojmb8pp154xrirazow1
1748902
1748884
2026-05-13T06:47:52Z
Meursault2004
3
sithik
1748902
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Jon Philip Glover''' (lair 26 Dhèsèmber 1952) iku aktor Inggris. Dhèwèké tau main in sawetara acara TCV kayata ''Play School'', ''Survivors'', konsultan manajer ing ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (sérial TV)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'', ''Casualty'', ''Bodger & Badger'' lan ''Peak Practice''.
== Réferènsi ==
{{Reflist}}
==Pranala njaba==
*{{IMDb name}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Glover, Jon}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1952]]
[[Kategori:Wong urip]]
cuhp944ysy5edbn09o1j59wttllvq5x
1748903
1748902
2026-05-13T07:01:50Z
Meursault2004
3
sithik
1748903
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Jon Philip Glover''' (lair 26 Dhèsèmber 1952) iku aktor Inggris. Dhèwèké tau main in sawetara acara TCV kayata ''Play School'', ''Survivors'', konsultan manajer ing ''[[The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (sérial TV)|The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy]]'', ''Casualty'', ''Bodger & Badger'' lan ''Peak Practice''.
Dhèwèké ngisèni swara ing [[The Animals of Farthing Wood (sérial TV)|''Animals of Farthing Wood'' animated series]], lan uga''[[Noah's Island]]'', ''[[Spitting Image]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediatel.co.uk/news/2020/03/05/and-what-about-the-vegetables|title='And what about the vegetables?'|last=Arnell|first=Stephen|website=mediatel.co.uk|date=5 March 2020 |access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> saha watek King Trode ing èdhisi [[Basa Inggris]]
saka vèrsi [[PlayStation 2]] saka ''game'' ''[[Dragon Quest VIII]]''. Dhèwèké uga kerep main sandiwara radhio ing [[BBC Radio 4]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestage.co.uk/news/bbc-radio-celebrates-michael-frayns-80th/|title=BBC Radio celebrates Michael Frayn's 80th {{!}} News|last=Hemley|first=Matthew|date=1 November 2012|website=The Stage|language=en-US|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiotimes.com/radio-programme/e/jjk68/mr-standfast--series-1-episode-1/|title=Mr Standfast - S1 - Episode 1|website=Radio Times|language=en|access-date=4 April 2020}}</ref> He was a regular on the Radio 4 satirical programme ''[[Week Ending]]'' during the 1980s. He played the [[upper class|upper crust]] English character ''Mr Cholmondley-Warner'' in spoof 1940s government documentaries in ''[[Harry Enfield & Chums|Harry Enfield's Television Programme]]'' using [[Received Pronunciation]].
== Réferènsi ==
{{Reflist}}
==Pranala njaba==
*{{IMDb name}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Glover, Jon}}
[[Kategori:Lair 1952]]
[[Kategori:Wong urip]]
p4wwxrbqjfekqwuhoc0mpkd6sjgwawc
Oémah abang héritagé lasém
0
200360
1748881
2026-05-12T17:02:02Z
Dao fa
72502
Kaca anyar: '''Oémah abang héritagé lasém''' (utawi asring dipunwastani Tiongkok Kécil Héritagé Lasém) inggih ménika salah satunggaling wangunan tilaran séjarah ingkang mapan wontén ing Désa Karangturi, kécamatan lasém, Kabupatén Rémbang, Jawa Téngah. Wangunan ménika dados salah satunggaling téténgér (landmark) wigati ing kutha lasém amargi nggadahi gaya arsitéktur ingkang mirunggan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://madosijateng.com/new/detail/XmecrA==|website=ma...
1748881
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Oémah abang héritagé lasém''' (utawi asring dipunwastani Tiongkok Kécil Héritagé Lasém) inggih ménika salah satunggaling wangunan tilaran séjarah ingkang mapan wontén ing Désa Karangturi, kécamatan lasém, Kabupatén Rémbang, Jawa Téngah. Wangunan ménika dados salah satunggaling téténgér (landmark) wigati ing kutha lasém amargi nggadahi gaya arsitéktur ingkang mirunggan.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://madosijateng.com/new/detail/XmecrA==|website=madosijateng.com|access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref>
Oémah abang héritagé lasém ménika wangunan kuno kanthi arsitéktur campuran antawisipun gaya Tionghoa saha India-Walanda. Wangunan ménika nggadahi titikan khas wujud dérétan témbok ingkang dipuncat mawi warna abrit saéngga paring panyawang (facadé) ingkang mirunggan. Lasém piyambak kawéntar kanthi paraban ''"Tiongkok kécil"'' utawi ''"lé péthit chinois"'' amargi kathah tilaran budaya Tionghoa-Jawa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://id.scribd.com/document/671718735/Laporan-Sejarah-Situs-Rumah-Merah-versi-full-release|title=Client Challenge|website=id.scribd.com|access-date=2026-05-12}}</ref>
== Séjarah dan Fungsi ==
Oémah abang héritagé lasém (Tiongkok kécil) inggh ménika wangunan tilaran séja séjarah ing lasém ingkang dipunpitadosi minangka bangunan sudagar candu nalika abad-19 warsa 1800-an. Sésampun mangsa sémantén, wangunan ménika naté pindah tangan dhumaténg péngusaha roti lan dipun-éwahi fungsinipun dados papan panggénan sarang péksi walét. Ing warrsa 2007, wangunan dipundpundhut déning Rudy Haryanto ingkang nindakakén réstorasi kagém ngondurakén wujud asli arsitéktur Cina-Hindia Walanda kados sakpunika.<ref name=":0" />
Sapunika, wangunan sampun éwah fungsinipun dados kawasan wisata séjarah lan papapn komérsil tanpa ngowahi pola tata ruang arsitéktur aslinipun. Wangunan ménika dipunginakakén minangka hotél utawi pénginépan, kafé, galéri batik, saha gédung sérbaguna. Kajawi kagém pariwisata, owah-owahan fungsi ménika ugi nggadahi ancas kagém ningkatakén ékonomi masyarakat ing sakiwa téngénipun kutha <ref name=":1" />
cn23drtm2pp6gwqlte6dkkpcvyftj25
Bêngkoang Prêmbun
0
200361
1748892
2026-05-13T02:26:56Z
Sulandana
72490
Kaca anyar: '''Bêngkoang Prêmbun''', sing sêring diarani '''Bêsusu''' utawa '''Gêndoang''', yaiku minangka komoditas têtanèn unggulan saka Kêcamatan Prêmbun Kabupatèn Kêbumèn. Bêngkoang saka tlatah iki misuwur kanthi kuwalitas unggul: lêgi, rênyah, lan akéh banyuné. Kêsêgêrané ndadèkaké klangênan sing bangêt digoléti déning wong sing liwat, utamané kanggo olèh-olèh sing nyênêngaké. Kajaba langsung dirasakaké minangka woh sêgêr, Bêngkoang uga diolah dadi...
1748892
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Bêngkoang Prêmbun''', sing sêring diarani '''Bêsusu''' utawa '''Gêndoang''', yaiku minangka komoditas têtanèn unggulan saka Kêcamatan Prêmbun Kabupatèn Kêbumèn. Bêngkoang saka tlatah iki misuwur kanthi kuwalitas unggul: lêgi, rênyah, lan akéh banyuné. Kêsêgêrané ndadèkaké klangênan sing bangêt digoléti déning wong sing liwat, utamané kanggo olèh-olèh sing nyênêngaké. Kajaba langsung dirasakaké minangka woh sêgêr, Bêngkoang uga diolah dadi macêm-macêm, kayata manisan ubi utawa isi kanggo roti. Mbuktèkaké yèn umbi iki nduwéni rêga adol lan daya tarik sing dhuwur.
davpm5h1127r9rwzhkd6912h46ovnnd
1748894
1748892
2026-05-13T02:33:04Z
Sulandana
72490
1748894
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Bêngkoang Prêmbun''', sing sêring diarani '''Bêsusu''' utawa '''Gêndoang''', yaiku minangka komoditas têtanèn unggulan saka Kêcamatan Prêmbun Kabupatèn Kêbumèn. Bêngkoang saka tlatah iki misuwur kanthi kuwalitas unggul: lêgi, rênyah, lan akéh banyuné. Kêsêgêrané ndadèkaké klangênan sing bangêt digoléti déning wong sing liwat, utamané kanggo olèh-olèh sing nyênêngaké. Kajaba langsung dirasakaké minangka woh sêgêr, Bêngkoang uga diolah dadi macêm-macêm, kayata manisan ubi utawa isi kanggo roti. Mbuktèkaké yèn umbi iki nduwéni rêga adol lan daya tarik sing dhuwur.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kebumenkab.go.id/index.php/web/page/52|title=Makanan Khas|last=Kebumen|first=Pemerintah Kabupaten|website=Website Resmi Pemerintah Kabupaten Kebumen|language=id|access-date=2026-05-13}}</ref>
0bpuz6leucgffnccqq6jvl8waunmjxz
Naomi Radcliffe
0
200362
1748911
2026-05-13T10:48:53Z
Meursault2004
3
Rintisan saka [[:en:Naomi Radcliffe|]]
1748911
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Naomi Radcliffe''' (lair 16 Novèmber 1971) iku aktris Inggris. Dhèwèké lair ing [[Oldham]], [[Lancashire]]. Bapané iku Albert Radcliffe, kanon [[Manchester Cathedral]] lan Petrina, guru.<ref name="B&B"/><ref name="Mirror">{{cite news|first= Jame|last= Oddy|title= Naomi Radcliffe: How I found life after death|work= [[Daily Mirror]]|date= 2002-04-27}}</ref> Dhèwèké sekolah ing [[The Blue Coat School, Oldham|The Blue Coat School]] ing Oldham lan [[Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama]], sawisé ora ditampa pas nyoba kapisan.<ref name="B&B">{{cite web|title= Born and Bred: Naomi Radcliffe|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/born_and_bred_jean.shtml |work= [[bbc.co.uk]] (at the [[Internet Archive]])|date= 2002-10-30|accessdate= 2008-01-02 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20021030015304/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/born_and_bred_jean.shtml |archivedate = 2002-10-30}}</ref>
== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}
dhb3b8eksoe6oukxmws3npkxe7qpks2
1748912
1748911
2026-05-13T10:50:34Z
Meursault2004
3
/* Réferènsi */
1748912
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Naomi Radcliffe''' (lair 16 Novèmber 1971) iku aktris Inggris. Dhèwèké lair ing [[Oldham]], [[Lancashire]]. Bapané iku Albert Radcliffe, kanon [[Manchester Cathedral]] lan Petrina, guru.<ref name="B&B"/><ref name="Mirror">{{cite news|first= Jame|last= Oddy|title= Naomi Radcliffe: How I found life after death|work= [[Daily Mirror]]|date= 2002-04-27}}</ref> Dhèwèké sekolah ing [[The Blue Coat School, Oldham|The Blue Coat School]] ing Oldham lan [[Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama]], sawisé ora ditampa pas nyoba kapisan.<ref name="B&B">{{cite web|title= Born and Bred: Naomi Radcliffe|url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/born_and_bred_jean.shtml |work= [[bbc.co.uk]] (at the [[Internet Archive]])|date= 2002-10-30|accessdate= 2008-01-02 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20021030015304/http://www.bbc.co.uk/drama/born_and_bred_jean.shtml |archivedate = 2002-10-30}}</ref>
== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist}}
==Pranala njaba==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120926073433/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/individual/674256 Naomi Radcliffe] ing [[British Film Institute]]
*{{IMDb name|id=0705370|name=Naomi Radcliffe}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Radcliffe, Naomi}}
[[Kategori:Wong urip]]
[[Kategori:Lair 1971]]
sf183sd2v01dfrn8w9f8vu8zmvia7b2