Wikipédia jvwiki https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipédia Parembugan Wikipédia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori Gapura Parembugan Gapura TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 3672 1752695 1724078 2026-08-15T12:51:27Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | latd=24 | latm=39.5 | latNS=S | longd=25 | longm=54.5 | longEW=E | leader_name2 = [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] | conventional_long_name = Républik Botswana | native_name = {{smaller|{{native name|tn|Lefatshe la Botswana}}}} | common_name = Botswana | image_flag = Flag of Botswana.svg | image_coat =Coat_of_arms_of_Botswana.svg | image_map = LocationBotswana.png | national_motto = Pula <br />([[Basa Tswana|Tswana]]: "Udan") | national_anthem = {{native phrase|tn|[[Fatshe leno la rona]]|nolink=yes}}<br/>{{small|''Iki Tanah Kita''}}<br/><center>[[File:United States Navy Band - Fatshe leno la rona.ogg]]</center> | capital = [[Gaborone]] | largest_city = capital | official_languages = {{Unbulleted list|[[Basa Tswana|Setswana]] |[[Basa Inggris|Inggris]]}} | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|79% [[Wong Tswana|Tswana]] |11% [[Wong Kalanga|Kalanga]] |3% [[Wong San|Basarwa]] |3% Kgalagadi |3% [[Wong kulit putih ing Botswana|Kulit putih]] |1% liyané}} | government_type = [[Républik parleménter]] | leader_title1 = [[Présidhèn Botswana|Présidhèn]] | leader_name1 = [[Ian Khama]] | leader_title2 = [[Wakil Présidhèn Botswana|Wakil Présidhèn]] | legislature = [[Majelis Nasional (Botswana)|Majelis Nasional]] | established_event1 = Diadegaké ([[Konstitusi Botswana|Konstitusi]]) | sovereignty_type = [[Kamardikan]] | sovereignty_note = saka [[Karajan Manunggal]] | established_date1 = 30 September 1966 | area_km2 = 581.730 | area_rank = 48 | area_sq_mi = 224.610 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 2.6 | population_estimate = 2.155.784<ref name="cia">{{cite web |title=Botswana |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2014 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bc.html |accessdate=16 April 2014 |archive-date=15 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015203531/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_census = 2.038.228 <ref>[http://www.cso.gov.bw/templates/cso/file/File/Census%202011%20Preliminary%20%20Brief%20Sept%2029%202011.pdf 2011 Population & Housing Census Preliminary Results Brief]</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2014 | population_estimate_rank = 145 | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 3,7 | population_density_rank = 231 | population_density_sq_mi = 9,07 | GDP_PPP = $38,819 milyar<ref name=imf2>{{cite web |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2015&ey=2016&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=62&pr1.y=9&c=614%2C668%2C638%2C674%2C616%2C676%2C748%2C678%2C618%2C684%2C624%2C688%2C622%2C728%2C626%2C692%2C628%2C694%2C632%2C714%2C636%2C716%2C634%2C722%2C662%2C718%2C642%2C724%2C643%2C199%2C644%2C733%2C646%2C734%2C648%2C738%2C652%2C742%2C656%2C746%2C654%2C754%2C664%2C698%2C666&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPPC%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=Botswana |publisher=International Monetary Fund |accessdate=2012-04-17}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2016 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $18.021<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $13,011 milyar<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2016 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $6,040<ref name=imf2/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini = 60.5 | Gini_year = 2013 | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name=PNAS>{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |format=PDF |title=2015 Human Development Report Summary |date=2015 |access-date=14 Dhésèmber 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme | pages=17}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.698<!--number only, between 0 and 1--> | HDI_year = 2014<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr_2015_statistical_annex.pdf |title=2015 Human Development Report Statistical Annex |date=2015 |accessdate=December 14, 2015 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme | pages=17}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 106 | currency = [[Pula (valuta)|Pula]] | currency_code = BWP | time_zone = [[Wektu Afrika Tengah]] | utc_offset = +2 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | date_format = DD/MM/YYYY | drives_on = kiwa | calling_code = [[+267]] | cctld = [[.bw]] | official_website = {{URL|https://www.gov.bw}} | religion = [[Kristen]] | area_magnitude = 1 E11 | [[SPI]] rank = 65 (2015) | country_code = }} '''Botswana''' {{IPAc-en|b|ɒ|t|ˈ|s|w|ɑː|n|ə}}, resminé '''Républik Botswana''' ([[basa Tswana]]: ''Lefatshe la Botswana''), iku sawijining [[nagara sing kakurung dharatan]] dumunung ing Afrika Kidul. Wargane nyebut dhèwèké minangka ''Batswana'' (tunggal: Motswana).<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13040376| title=Botswana Profile}}</ref> Biyèn [[protèktorat]] Britania [[Protèktorat Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland]], Botswana ngadopsi jeneng anyaré sawisé mardika ing [[Persemakmuran]] tanggal 30 September 1966.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://generalknowledgefacts.com/2013/09/bechuanaland-was-former-name-of-botswana.html| title=Bechuanaland was the former name of Botswana }}</ref> Wiwit iku, Botswana nganut kuwat tradisi [[démokrasi perwakilan]] stabil, karo rékor konsistèn [[Pilihan umum ing Botswana|pilihan umum]] démokratis kang ora pedhot. Botswana iku topografiné rata, karo nganti 70 persèn saka wilayahé ya iku [[Gurun Kalahari]]. Negara iki wewatesan karo [[Afrika Kidul]] ing sisih kidul lan kidul-wétan, [[Namibia]] ing sisih kulon lan lor, lan [[Zimbabwé]] ing sisih lor-wétan. Wewatesané karo [[Zambia]] ing sisih lor cedhaké [[Kazungula, Zambia|Kazungula]] wis dikukuhaké kanthi ora apik nanging paling dawa sawatara atus mèter.<ref>{{Cite book |url= http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Multinational%20(Zambia-Bostwana)%20-%20AR%20-%20Kazungula%20Bridge%20Project.pdf |title= Kazungula Bridge Project |last= Darwa |first= P. Opoku |publisher= African Development Fund |year= 2011 |page= Appendix IV |accessdate= 2012-05-04 |archive-date= 2012-11-14 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121114113821/http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Multinational%20(Zambia-Bostwana)%20-%20AR%20-%20Kazungula%20Bridge%20Project.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref> Negara ukuran sedhengan mung liwat 2 yuta wong, Botswana iku salah siji nagara [[Pratélaning nagara lan tlatah miturut karapetan cacah jiwa|paling arang sing ndunungi]] ing donya. Watara 10 persèn sing ndunungi urip ing kutha krajan lan kutha gedhé dhéwé, [[Gaborone]]. Biyèné siji nagara paling miskin ing donya—PDB per kapitané kira-kira US$70 saben taun ing pungkasan taun 1960-an—Botswana wis wiwit ngrubah awaké dhéwé dadi salah siji ékonomi paling rikat tuwuh ing donya. Ékonomi didominasi déning [[Industri pertambangan Botswana|pertambangan]], sapi, lan [[Pariwisata ing Botswana|pariwisata]]. Botswana nduwé PDB ([[paritas daya tuku]]) per kapita watara $18.825 per taun {{As of|2015|lc=y}}, salah siji saka paling dhuwur ing Afrika.<ref name="cia"/> [[Pendhapatan nasional bruto]]né kang dhuwur (miturut sapérangan prakiraan gedhé dhéwé kaping papat ing Afrika) mènèhi nagara iki standar urip kang andhap asor lan [[Indhèks Pangembanging Manungsa]] paling dhuwur ing [[Afrika Sub-Sahara]] bawana.<ref>http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm</ref> Botswana iku anggota [[Uni Afrika]], [[Komunitas Pembangunan Afrika Kidul]], [[Persemakmuran]] lan [[PBB]]. Negara iki salah siji nagara kang paling parah kena epidemi [[HIV/AIDS ing Botswana|HIV/AIDS]]. Tingkat pati amarga [[AIDS]] utawa sebab gegandhèngan-AIDS wis mudhun banget (57%) saka 2005 nganti 2013<ref name=Gap>{{cite web |url=http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/UNAIDS_Gap_report_en.pdf |title=The Gap Report |publisher=UN AIDS |year=2014 |location=Geneva |access-date=21 Juni 2016 |archive-date=2016-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620173755/http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/unaids_gap_report_en.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{rp|27}} lan gunggung infèksi anyar ing bocah uga wis mudhun.<ref name=Gap />{{rp|38}} Éwadéné suksès ing program kanggo nggawé pangobatan kasedhiya kanggo wong sing kainfèksi, lan kanggo ngajari pendhuduk umum bab carané kanggo mungkasi panyebaran HIV AIDS, gunggung wong kang duwé AIDS munggah saka 290.000 ing taun 2005 dadi 320.000 ing 2013.<ref name=Gap />{{rp|A20}} Sanadyan alasan iki kanggo pangarep-arep, Botswana tingkat katelu paling dhuwur tingkat prévalènsi HIV AIDS, kacarita ing 2014.<ref name= Avert>{{cite web |url= http://www.avert.org/aidsbotswana.htm |title= HIV and Aids in Botswana |publisher= Avert International Aids Charity |access-date= 21 Juni 2016 |archive-date= 2009-02-28 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090228211140/http://www.avert.org/aidsbotswana.htm |url-status= dead }}</ref> ==Réferénsi== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Wacan luwih lanjut== * Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson. "An african success story: Botswana." (2002). [http://economics.mit.edu/files/284 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920054620/http://economics.mit.edu/files/284 |date=2017-09-20 }} * Cohen, Dennis L. "The Botswana Political Elite: Evidence from the 1974 General Election," ''Journal of Southern African Affairs,'' (1979) 4, 347–370. * Colclough, Christopher and Stephen McCarthy. ''The Political Economy of Botswana: A Study of Growth and Income Distribution'' (Oxford University Press, 1980) * {{Cite book|last=Denbow |first=James |name-list-style=amp |last2=Thebe |first2=Phenyo C. |title=Culture and Customs of Botswana |location=Westport, CT |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=2006 |isbn=0-313-33178-2}} * Edge, Wayne A. and Mogopodi H. Lekorwe eds. ''Botswana: Politics and Society'' (Pretoria: J.L. van Schaik, 1998) * Good, Kenneth. "Interpreting the Exceptionality of Botswana," ''Journal of Modern African Studies'' (1992) 30, 69–95. * Good, Kenneth. "Corruption and Mismanagement in Botswana: A Best-Case Example?" ''Journal of Modern African Studies,'' (1994) 32, 499–521. * Tlou, Thomas, and Alec C. Campbell. ''History of Botswana'' (Macmillan Botswana, 1984) == Pranala njaba == {{Sister project links|voy=Botswana}} * [http://www.gov.bw Situs resmi Botswana] * {{CIA World Factbook link|bc|Botswana}} * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/botswana.htm Botswana] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081026035549/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/botswana.htm |date=2008-10-26 }} saka ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Botswana}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13040376 Botswana] saka [[BBC News]] * {{Wikiatlas|Botswana}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=BW Key Development Forecasts for Botswana] saka [[International Futures]] {{Coord|24|39.5|S|25|54.5|E|display=title}} {{Afrika}} {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Botswana]] eyrqh3z9o2iejn52wd5pa51qnfegw0v 0 18154 1752702 1750775 2026-08-16T00:15:21Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = Република Србија<br />Républika Srbija |common_name = Serbia |image_flag =Flag_of_Serbia.svg |image_coat = Coat of arms of Serbia.svg |image_map =Location_of_Serbia_in_Europe,_Kosovo_included.png |national_motto = Само слога Србина спасава |national_anthem = [[Bože pravde]] |official_languages = [[Basa Serbia|Serbia]]¹ |capital = [[Beograd]] |capitals_coordinates = |largest_city = Beograd |government_type = [[Républik]] |leader_title1 = [[Présidhèn Serbia|Présidhèn]] |leader_title2 = [[Nayakotama Serbia|Nayakotama]] |leader_title3 = |leader_name1 = [[Aleksandar Vučić]] (Александар Вучић) |leader_name2 = [[Đuro Macut]] (Ђуро Мацут) |leader_name3 = |area_rank = 111 |area_magnitude = 1 E10 m² |area = 88.361 |percent_water = n/a |population_estimate = 7.040.272 |population_estimate_year = 2017 |population_estimate_rank = 104 |population_census =- |population_census_year =- |population_density = 106 |population_density_rank = 94 |GDP_PPP_year = 2010 |GDP_PPP = US$79,94 milyar<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2011/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2010&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=512,941,914,446,612,666,614,668,311,672,213,946,911,137,193,962,122,674,912,676,313,548,419,556,513,678,316,181,913,682,124,684,339,273,638,921,514,948,218,943,963,686,616,688,223,518,516,728,918,558,748,138,618,196,522,278,622,692,156,694,624,142,626,449,628,564,228,283,924,853,233,288,632,293,636,566,634,964,238,182,662,453,960,968,423,922,935,714,128,862,611,716,321,456,243,722,248,942,469,718,253,724,642,576,643,936,939,961,644,813,819,199,172,184,132,524,646,361,648,362,915,364,134,732,652,366,174,734,328,144,258,146,656,463,654,528,336,923,263,738,268,578,532,537,944,742,176,866,534,369,536,744,429,186,433,925,178,869,436,746,136,926,343,466,158,112,439,111,916,298,664,927,826,846,542,299,967,582,443,474,917,754,544,698&s=PPPGDP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=41&pr.y=16 |title=International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, April 2011: Nominal GDP list of countries. Data for the year 2010 |publisher=Imf.org |date = 14. 9. 2006. |accessdate = 25. 1. 2013.}}</ref> |GDP_PPP_rank = 75 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = US$10.830 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 74 |sovereignty_type = [[Kamardikan]] |established_events = |established_dates = |currency = [[Dinar Serbia]]<br />''uga [[euro]] ing Kosovo'' |currency_code = ALL |time_zone = |utc_offset = +1 |time_zone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = +2 |cctld = [[.rs]] ; [[.srb]] |calling_code = 381 |footnotes= ¹ Ing Vojvodina, basa-basa iki dadi basa resmi: [[Basa Romania|Romania]], [[Basa Rusyn|Rusyn]], [[Basa Honggari|Honggari]], [[Basa Slovak|Slovak]] lan [[Basa Kroasia|Kroasia]]. }} '''Sèrbi''' utawa resminé '''Républik Sèrbi''' ([[basa Serbia|Serbiyan]]: ''Република Србија'' utawa ''Républika Srbija'') yaiku nagara [[républik]] ing kidul-wétan lan tengah [[Éropa]]. <!--Serbia gabung karo [[Montenegro]] ing sajroning persemakmuran kang dijenengké Uni Nagara Bagian Serbia lan [[Montenegro]] kanthi kutha krajan [[Beograd]].--> Serbiya wewatesan karo nagara [[Honggari]] ing sisih lor; [[Rumeni]] lan [[Bulgaria|Bulgari]] ing sisih wétan; [[Républik Makedonia]] lan [[Albania]] ing sisih kidul; lan [[Montenegro|Gununghireng]], [[Kroasia]], lan [[Bosnia-Herzegovina|Bosnia-Hercegovina]] ing sisih kulon. Asal mulané nagara Serbia wiwit saka pratengahan [[abad kaping 9]]. Karajan Serbiya muncul ing [[abad kaping 11]], lan ana ing [[abad kaping 13]] owah dadi Kakaisaran Serbiya. Sawisé taun [[1918]], Serbiya minangka anggota perintis [[Yugoslavia|Yugoslawiya]] kanthi warna-warna jinis (Kraton [[Yugoslavia|Yugoslawiya]], Républik Federal Sosialis Yugoslawiya lan Républik Federal Yugoslawiya). Ana ing tanggal [[21 Mèi]] [[2006]], rakyat [[Montenegro|Gununghireng]] nganakaké [[Referendum]] kanggo Kamardikan Gununghireng lan cacah 55,5 persèn milih Gununghireng mardhika. Sabanjuré nagara Uni iku pisah manèh dadi nagara [[Républik Serbia|Républik Serbiya]] lan [[Républik Montenegro|Républik Gununghireng]]. Tanggal [[17 Fèbruari]] [[2008]] [[Kosovo|Kosowo]] proklamasi kamardikan saka '''S'''è'''rbi''', lan tanggal [[18 Fèbruari]] [[2008]] diakoni déning 17 nagara.<ref>{{cite news|author=[[United States Secretary of State|US Secretary of State]] [[Condoleezza Rice]]|title=U.S. Recognizes Kosovo as Independent State|publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]]|url=http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2008/02/100973.htm|date=2008-02-18|accessdate=2008-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219202408/http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2008/02/100973.htm|archivedate=2008-02-19|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Britain, France recognise Kosovo|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jvieojQfAH0lC-MNOQEfGdVlX1XAD8USR0K01|date=2008-02-18|accessdate=2008-02-18|archive-date=2008-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226013609/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jvieojQfAH0lC-MNOQEfGdVlX1XAD8USR0K01|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="nytimes u.s. france">{{cite news|first=Stephen|last=Castle|title=Kosovo is Recognised by U.S., France and Britain|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/19/world/europe/19kosovo.html?ref=world|date=2008-02-18|accessdate=2008-02-18}}</ref> == Geyografi == Sèrbi dumunung ing [[Éropa]], yaiku ing ujung [[Balkan]] lan ing [[Dhataran Pannonian]]. Nagara iki pernahé dadi simpang dalan antarané [[Éropa Tengah]], [[Éropa Kidul]] lan [[Éropa Wétan]]. Kali [[Danube]] (2850&nbsp;km) mili ngliwati nagara iki ing sisih lor, dawané watara 588&nbsp;km lan dadi tapel wates karo [[nagara]] [[Kroasia]] lan sapérangan saka [[Romania]], sadawané [[Dhataran Wallachian]] ing sisih wétan. Kali [[Kali Sava|Sava]] minangka tapel wates sisih kidul karo Provinsi [[Vojvodina]], mili tumuju Kali Danube ing kutha [[Beograd]], lan ngliwati pabukitan [[Fruška Gora]] ing sisih kulon. Suwidak kilomèter sisih lor-wétané Beograd, kali [[Kali Tisza|Tisa]] mili tumuju menyang kali Danube, sawisé mili adohé 1350&nbsp;km saka [[Ukraina]], lan kali [[Kali Timiş]] (60&nbsp;km/350&nbsp;km), kang sabagéan bisa dilayari, mili uga menyang kali Danube ing [[Pančevo]]. Kali [[Kali Begej|Begej]] (254&nbsp;km) mili tumuju menyang kali Tisa ing cedhak [[Titel]]. Kabèh saka lima kali mau bisa dilayari, ngubungaké nagara iki karo Éropa Lor lan Éropa Wétan (liwat rute [[Rhine-Main-Danube Canal]] – [[Sagara Lor]]), menyang ''Éropa Wétan'' (liwat rute Kali Tisa–, [[Kali Timiş|Timiş]]–, [[Kali Begej]] – lan Danube – [[Sagara Ireng]]) lan menyang ''Éropa Kidul'' (liwat Kali Sava). Tapel wates sisih wétan wujud [[Pagunungan Carpathian]], kang mujur ing [[Éropa Tengah]]. Pagunungan Carpathian ketemu [[Pagunungan Balkan]], sadawaning ilèn Kali [[Velika Morava]], kali kang dawané 500&nbsp;km (sabagéan bisa dilayari). Pucuk [[Midžor]] minangka pucuk gunung paling dhuwur ing tlatah Serbiya Wétan, yaiku dhuwuré 2156&nbsp;m. Ing kidul-wétan, [[Pagunungan Balkan]] ketemu karo [[Pagunungan Rhodope]], ngubungaké nagara iki karo nagara [[Yunani]]. [[Gunung Šar]] ing Kosowo dadi tapel wates karo nagara [[Albania]], kanthi siji pucuk yaiku [[Djeravica]] (2656 m). [[Alpen Dinaric]] ing Serbiya mujur sadawané ilèn [[Kali Drina]] (350&nbsp;km bisa dilayari kapal cilik) adhep-adhepan karo pucuk [[Dinaric]] ing sebrangé pasisir ing [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]. === Taman Nasional === Serbiya duwé 5 [[taman nasional]]: * [[Fruška Gora]] (250&nbsp;km²) * [[Kopaonik]] (120&nbsp;km²) * [[Tara National Park|Tara]] (220&nbsp;km²) * [[Đerdap]] (640&nbsp;km²) * [[Šar mountain|Šar-planina]] (390&nbsp;km²)-in [[Kosovo and Metohija|Kosowo and Metohija]] <!-- ==History== {{main|History of Serbia}} {{see also|List of Serbian monarchs|History of Yugoslavia|}} [[Image:Europe 814.jpg|thumb|right|225px|Serbia under the [[House of Vlastimirović|Vlastimirović dynasty]], as of 814]] Serbia's strategic location between two continents has subjected it to invasions by many peoples. [[Belgrade]] is believed to have been leveled to the ground by 30 different armies in recorded history. Contemporary Serbia comprises the [[Classical Greece|classical]] regions of [[Moesia]], [[Pannonia]], parts of [[Dalmatia]], [[Dacia]] and [[Macedonia]]. Under nominal [[Serbs|Serbian rule]] since the 7th century (having been allowed to settle in [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantium]] by its emperor [[Heraclius]] after their victory over the [[Avars]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rastko.org.yu/rastko-bl/istorija/corovic/istorija/1_3_l.html |title=Istorija srpskog naroda: Sloveni naseljavaju Balkan |accessdate= |author=Vladimir Corovic |publisher=Projekat Rastko: Biblioteka srpske kulture |language=Serbian}}</ref> through early history various parts of the territory of modern Serbia have been claimed or ruled by: the [[Roman Empire]] (conquered the indigenous [[Celts]] and [[Illyrians]]); the [[Western Roman Empire|Western]]- and the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empires]] (challenged by the incursions of the [[Hun Empire|Huns]], the [[Ostrogoths]], the [[Gepid Kingdom|Gepidae]], the [[Sarmatians]], the [[Avar Khanate|Avars]], the [[Serbs]], the [[Frankish Kingdom]], the [[Great Moravia]], the [[Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarians]]). No less than 17 [[Roman Emperor|Roman Emperors]] were born in Serbia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://brendovisrbije.com/vesti/ave-srbijo.html |title=Ave, Srbijo! |accessdate= |author=Aleksandra Krsmanović |publisher=Brendovi Srbije |language=Serbian}}</ref> ===Medieval Serb kingdoms and the Empire=== [[Image:Medieval armor.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Serbian knight armor, around 1440, [[Military Museum (Belgrade)]]]] [[Serbs]] formed their first unified state under the [[Vlastimirovic dynasty]] by 812, at times disrupted by the wars with the aforementioned states. By the beginning of the 14th century [[Serbs]] have lived in four distinctly independent kingdoms- [[Duklja|Dioclea]], [[Raška (state)|Rascia]], [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]] and [[Syrmia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.njegos.org/medieval/mihailo.htm |title=Fresco of King Mihailo |accessdate= |publisher=Serb Land of Montenegro |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.serbianunity.net/culture/history/Serb_History/nemanjici.html |title=Serbian Medieval History |accessdate= |date=2006 |publisher=Serbian Unity Congress |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rastko.org.yu/rastko-bo/istorija/srednjivek/nserovic-tvrtko_l.html |title=Stefan Tvrtko I Kotromanić |accessdate= |author=Nenad Šerović |publisher=Projekat Rastko: Biblioteka srpske kulture |language=Serbian}}</ref> [[Image:Paja Jovanović-Krunisanje Cara Dušana.jpg|thumb|right|225px|The crowning of [[Emperor Dusan|Emperor Dušan]] in [[Skopje]], 1346]] At first heavily dependent on the [[Byzantine Empire]] as its tributary, in time the most powerful of the Serb states -[[Rascia|Raška]] (''Rascia'') would achieve full independence, overtaking the Kingdom of [[Duklja]] which has previously dominated the Serbian lands between 11-12th centuries. The centre of the Serb world (Raska, Duklja, Travunia, Zahumlje, Pagania and Bosnia) moved northwards, further from the [[Adriatic sea|Adriatic coast]]. Although fully converted already by 865 AD,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.njegos.org/medieval/zeta.htm |title=Serb Medieval State of Zeta |accessdate= |author=Encyclopaedia Britannica |date= |publisher=Serb Land of Montenegro |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.snaga.org.yu/ilustrovana_istorija_srba/tekst/engleski/01/01-06-doseljavanje-slovena.html |title=The Arrival of Slavs, the Adoption of Christianity and the Serbian State of Stefan Nemanja |accessdate= |date=1999 |publisher=Snaga |language=English}}</ref> this relocation to the north and east also meant the shift towards the [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] rather than [[Catholic]] faith (initially predominant in the south following the [[East-West Schism]]). Serbian apogee in economy, law, military, and religion took place during the rule of the [[House of Nemanjić]] between 1166 and 1371; [[Serbian Kingdom]] was proclaimed in 1217, joined later by the [[Kingdom of Syrmia]], [[Banovina of Macva|Banovina of Mačva]] and [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]]; finally, [[Serbian Empire]] of [[Emperor Dusan|Stefan Dušan]] was formed in 1346. Under Dušan's rule, Serbia reached its [[territory (country subdivision)|territorial]] peak, becoming one of the larger states in [[Europe]]. The renowned [[Dušan's Code]], a universal system of laws, was enforced. [[Image:Golubac.JPG|thumb|left|225px|[[Golubac fortress]] overlooking the [[Danube]] river]] As a result of internal struggle between the rival noble families, and heavy losses inflicted by the [[Ottomans]] in the epic [[Battle of Kosovo]], the [[Serbian Empire]] has dissolved into many statelets by the beginning of the 15th century. Throughout the 15th and 16th centuries constant struggles between various Serbian kingdoms on one side, and the [[Ottoman Empire]] on the other side, were taking place. [[Serbian Despotate]] fell in 1459 following the siege of the "temporary" capital [[Smederevo]], followed by [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]] a few years later, and [[Herzegovina]] in 1482. [[Montenegro]] was overtaken by 1499. [[Belgrade]] was the last major Balkan city to endure Ottoman onslaughts, as it joined Catholic [[Kingdom of Hungary]]. [[Serbs]], [[Hungars]] and European [[crusader]]s heavily defeated Turkish in [[Siege of Belgrade]] of 1456. Several Serbian [[despot|despots]] ruled in parts of [[Vojvodina]] as vassals of the Hungarian kings with the title of Hungarian barons. Repelling Ottoman attacks for over 70 years, [[Belgrade]] finally fell in 1521, alongside the greater part of the Kingdom of Hungary. [[Islam]] was in a period of expansion, especially in the southwest ([[Raška (region)|Raška]], Kosovo and [[Bosnia Province, Ottoman Empire|Bosnia]]). ===Ottoman/Austrian rule=== [[Image:Bacs2.jpg|thumb|left|220px| Medieval fortress of [[Bač, Serbia|Bač]], [[Vojvodina]]]] [[Early modern period]] saw the [[Serbian Despotate|loss of Serbia's independence]] to the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] and the [[Ottoman Empire]], interrupted shortly by the revolutionary state of the [[Emperor Jovan Nenad]] in the 16th century. [[Modern Times]] witnessed the rise of the [[Habsburg Monarchy]] (known as the [[Austrian Empire]], later [[Austria-Hungary]]), which fought many wars against the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turks]] for supremacy over Serbia. Three [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] invasions and numerous rebellions (such as the [[Banat Uprising]]) constantly challenged the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman rule]]. [[Vojvodina]] endured a century long Ottoman occupation before ceded to [[Habsburg Empire]] in the 17th-18th centuries by the decision of the [[Treaty of Karlowitz]] (''Sremski Karlovci''). As the [[Great Serb Migrations]] have depopulated most of [[Kosovo]] and [[Serbia proper]], the [[Serbs]] seeking refuge in more prosperous (and Christian) [[Vojvodina|North]] and [[Military Frontier|West]] were granted imperial rights by the Austrian crown (such as ''Statuta Wallachorum'' in 1630). [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Leopold]] formally granted the [[Serbs]] the right to their autonomous crownland. It speeded up the migrations of Serbs into Austria, as the [[yoke|Ottoman rule]] in the [[Pashaluk of Belgrade|South]] grew ever more brutal. ===Serbian revolution and independence=== [[Image:Kara-Djordje Petrovic.jpg|thumb|170px|[[Karađorđe Petrović]], leader of the [[First Serbian uprising]] in 1804]] [[Image:Zastava 1ustanak.jpg|thumb|170px|Flag of [[First Serbian Uprising|revolutionary Serbia]]]] The quest for independence of Serbia was initialed during the [[First Serbian Uprising|Serbian national revolutions]] (1804-1815), and it lasted for several decades. During the [[First Serbian Uprising]] led by [[Karadjordje|Karađorđe Petrović]], Serbia was independent for almost a decade before the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman army]] could reoccupy the country. Shortly after this the [[Second Serbian Uprising]] has begun; led by [[Miloš Obrenović]], it ended in 1815 with a compromise between the [[Second Serbian Uprising|Serbian revolutionary army]] and the Ottoman authorities. Famous German historian [[Leopold von Ranke]] called these uprisings "the Serbian revolution".<ref> English translation: Leopold Ranke, A History of Servia and the Servian Revolution. Translated from the German by Mrs Alexander Kerr (London: John Murray, 1847)</ref> They were the easternmost bourgeois revolutions in the 19th-century world.<ref>http://www.royalfamily.org/ustanak/USTANAK_ENG.htm</ref> Likewise, [[Principality of Serbia]] abolished [[feudalism]]- second in [[Europe]] after [[France]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nbs.bg.ac.yu/view_file.php?file_id=57 |title=Bibliotekarstvo i menadžment: Moguća paralela |accessdate= |author=Gordana Stokić |date=January 2003 |format=PDF |publisher=Narodna biblioteka Srbije |language=Serbian}}</ref> [[Image:Grosswojwod.jpg|thumb|left|170px|[[Franz Joseph I of Austria]], the [[Grosswojwod|Grand Duke of Vojvodina]]]] [[Suzerainty]] of the [[Principality of Serbia]] was confirmed by the Convention of Ackerman (October 1828), which [[Russian Empire]] imposed upon [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turkey]], and by the Treaty of Adrianople (September 1829). Finally on August 28, 1830 the sultan issued a decree recognising further expansion of the Serbian semi-sovereignty with [[Miloš Obrenović I]] as its hereditary [[Miloš Obrenović I|Prince]].<ref>L. S. Stavrianos, The Balkans since 1453 (London: Hurst and Co., 2000), p. 248-250.</ref> The struggle for liberty, modern society and a [[nation-state]] in Serbia was crowned by the [[Miloš Obrenović I, Prince of Serbia|first constitution in the Balkans]] on [[15 February]] [[1835]]. However, pressured by the [[Great Powers]], a more conservative Constitution of 1838 was imposed introducing the rule of oligarchy in the country, which began with the downfall of Prince Miloš in 1839. The second rule of [[Mihailo Obrenović III]] (1860-1868) however witnessed a steady westernization, but also efforts to retrieve full sovereignty. Following the clashes between the Ottoman army and civilians in Belgrade in 1862 and pressured by the [[Great Powers]], by 1867 the last Turkish soldiers left the [[Principality of Serbia|Principality]]. By enacting a new constitution without consulting the Porte, [[Jovan Ristic|Serbian diplomats]] confirmed the ''de facto independence'' of the country. In 1876, [[Montenegro]] and Serbia declared war against the [[Ottoman Empire]], proclaiming their unification with [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]]. Formal independence of the country was internationally recognized at the [[Congress of Berlin]] in 1878, which formally ended the [[Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78]]; this treaty, however, prohibited Serbia from uniting with [[Principality of Montenegro]], and placed [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]] and [[Sanjak of Novi Pazar|Raska region]] under [[Austro-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian occupation]] to prevent the unification from happening.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.royalfamily.org/ustanak/USTANAK_ENG.htm |title=The First Serbian Uprising |accessdate= |author=Čedomir Antić |date=1998 |publisher=The Royal Family of Serbia |language=English}}</ref> In 1882, Serbia, ruled by [[King of Serbia|King]] [[Milan of Serbia|Milan]], was proclaimed a [[Kingdom of Serbia|Kingdom]]. ===Rise of the Kingdom/Crownland of Vojvodina=== [[Image:Serbia02.png|170px|thumb|left|Austrian and Ottoman Serbia in 1849]] From 1815 to 1903, Serbia was ruled by the [[House of Obrenović]], except from 1842 to 1858, when Serbia was ruled by Prince [[Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia|Aleksandar Karađorđević]]. In 1903, the House of Obrenović was replaced by the [[House of Karađorđević]], who were descendants of the revolutionary leader [[Đorđe Petrović]]. Serbia was the only country in the region that was allowed by the [[Great Powers]] to be ruled by their own domestic dynasties. During the [[Balkan Wars]] (1912-1913), the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] tripled its territory by acquiring [[Macedonia]], [[Kosovo]], and parts of Serbia proper. As for Vojvodina, during the [[Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas|1848 revolution in Austria]], [[Serbs of Vojvodina]] established an autonomous region known as the [[Serbian Vojvodina]]. As of 1849, the region was transformed into a new Austrian crownland known as the [[Vojvodina of Serbia and Tamiš Banat]]. Although abolished in 1860, Habsburg emperors claimed the title [[Grosswojwod|Großwoiwode der Woiwodschaft Serbien]] until its unification with the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] in 1918. ===WWI/Birth of Yugoslavia ("First Yugoslavia")=== [[Image:Kralj Petar I Karadjordjevic.jpg|170px|thumb|left|[[Peter I of Yugoslavia|King Petar I Karađorđević]] leader of the [[Serbian Campaign (WWI)]]]] On [[28 June]] [[1914]] the [[Assassination in Sarajevo|assassination]] of [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]] at [[Sarajevo]] in [[Austria-Hungary]] by [[Gavrilo Princip]], a South Slav unionist, Austrian citizen and member of [[Young Bosnia]], led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. The [[Russian Empire]] started to mobilize its troops in defense of its ally Serbia, which resulted in the [[German Empire]] declaring war on Russia in support of its ally Austria-Hungary. [[Image:WorldWarI-MilitaryDeaths-EntentePowers-Piechart.svg|180px|thumb|right|Serbian casualties in WWI were 8%]]However, as German military planners [[Schlieffen Plan#The Schlieffen Plan In Action.2C And Its Failure|wished to avoid a war on two fronts]] against both Russia and [[France]], they attacked France first. This eventually culminated in all the major [[European Powers]] being drawn into the war. The Serbian Army won several major victories against Austria-Hungary at the beginning of [[World War I]], such as the ''[[Battle of Cer]]'' and ''[[Battle of Kolubara]]'' - marking the first [[Allies|Allied]] victories against the [[Central Powers]] in [[WWI]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.yu/Bilteni/Engleski/b230804_e.html |title=Daily Survey |accessdate= |date=August 23, 2004 |publisher=The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Serbia |language=English}}</ref> Despite initial success eventually it was overpowered by the joint forces of the German Empire, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria in 1915. Most of its army and some people went to exile to [[Greece]] and [[Corfu]] where it healed, regrouped and returned to [[Macedonian front (World War I)]] to lead a final breakthrough through enemy lines on [[15 September]] [[1918]], freeing Serbia again.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.org.yu/ |title=Arhiv Srbije - osnovan 1900. godine |accessdate= |language=Serbian}}</ref> In World War I, Serbia had 1,264,000 casualties — 28% of its total population, and 58% of its male population.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.serbia-info.com/enc/history/modern.html |title=Modern Serbia |accessdate= |date=2001 |publisher=Serbia Info / History of Serbia |language=English}}</ref> {{History of Serbia}} Serbia (with its major [[Serbian Campaign (World War I)|campaign]]) was a member of the [[Entente]] which won [[World War I]] in November 1918. Following its unification with [[Montenegro]] and its [[Vojvodina|expansion]] (both in November 1918), Serbia united with the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] on December 1, 1918. Kingdom of Serbia thus became the founding member of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]], later known as the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]. ===World War II and genocide=== [[Image:IM000818.jpg|thumb|left|220px|[[Jasenovac concentration camp]], a [[WWII]] memorial in present-day [[Croatia]], 60 years on.]] After the [[invasion of Yugoslavia|invasion and dissolution of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] during [[World War II]], Serbia was set up as a [[Nazi German]]-occupied [[puppet state]]. In [[1941]], Serbia included present-day Central Serbia and the [[Banat (1941-1944)|Banat]]. This German [[client state]] was formally called the "Government of National Salvation" (''Vlada Nacionalnog Spasa'') but was popularly known as "[[Nedić's Serbia]]" due to its head of state, [[Milan Nedić]]. While Serbia recognized [[King]] [[Peter II of Yugoslavia]] as its monarch, there are noindications that he accepted this role. Instead, King Peter headed up the "Yugoslavian government in exile." Not all of what is present-day Serbia was included as part of "Nedić's Serbia." Some of what is today the "Republic of Serbia" was occupied by armed forces from the [[Independent State of Croatia|Kingdom of Croatia]], the [[Hungary|Regency of Hungary]], the [[Bulgaria|Kingdom of Bulgaria]], the [[Albania under Italy|Kingdom of Albania]], and [[Kingdom of Italy (1861-1946)|Fascist Italy]]. In addition to being occupied, Serbia was the scene of a [[civil war]] between [[Royalist]] [[Chetniks]] commanded by [[Draža Mihailović]] and [[Communist]] [[Partisans (Yugoslavia)|Partisans]] commanded by [[Josip Broz Tito]]. Against these forces were arrayed the relatively week units of the [[Serbian Volunteer Corps]] and [[Serbian State Guard]]. During World War II, [[Serbs]], [[Jews]], and [[Romani people|Roma]] in the neighboring [[Independent State of Croatia]] were subjected to a large-scale [[Jasenovac concentration camp|genocide]], particularly in the infamous [[Jasenovac concentration camp]], for not complying with the [[Nazi]] and [[Ustaše]] racial policies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jasenovac.org/whatwasjasenovac.php |title=What was Jasenovac? |accessdate= |date=1998-2006 |publisher=Jasenovac Research Institute |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pww.org/article/articleprint/10551/ |title=Yugoslavia: a historic view |accessdate= |author=Norman Markowitz |date=02/08/07 |publisher=People's Weekly World |language=English}}</ref>. Estimates of the numbers of ethnic [[Serbs of Croatia|Serbs]] killed at the camp range from 300,000 and 700,000, with the most reliable estimates falling in the range of 330,000-390,000 (Yugoslav Federal Government after the war estimated around 700,000 victims). Additionally, 8,000-25,000 [[Jews]] were killed there, 40,000 Roma, 12,000 [[Croats]] and thousands of members of other nationalities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jasenovac.org/ |title=Jasenovac Research Institute |accessdate= |date=1998-2006 |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/Jasenovac.html |title=Jasenovac |accessdate= |author=USHMM |date=2008 |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library |language=English}}</ref> ===SFR Yugoslavia ("Second Yugoslavia")=== In 1945, Serbia was established as one of the federal units of the [[SFRJ|second Yugoslavia]], the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia, led by [[Josip Broz Tito]] until his death in 1980. In 1989, the [[League of Communists of Serbia]] selected [[Slobodan Milošević]] to become the republic's President. Milošević was controversial in Yugoslavia because he opposed Kosovo's autonomy and that his rise to power through the [[Anti-bureaucratic revolution]] was done through mass protests which pushed out the leadership of the autonomous provinces and also the republic of Montenegro. He also aggravated the situation in post-Tito Yugoslavia by alleging that certain politicians in Yugoslavia were anti-Serb. ===FR Yugoslavia ("Third Yugoslavia")/Kosovo War=== By 1992, Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia, and Bosnia & Herzegovina had all declared independence from Yugoslavia, resulting in the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic and the outbreak of war. Serbia, together with Montenegro, formed the [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] in 1992. The Serbian government initially supported the [[Serbs of Croatia]] and the [[Bosnian Serbs]] in the [[Yugoslav wars]] from 1991 to 1995. As a result, [[sanctions]] were imposed by the UN, which led to political isolation and economic decline.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.srpska-mreza.com/bookstore/voices/voices6.htm |title=6) The role of sanctions in the destruction of Yugoslavia |accessdate= |author=Richard Becker |date=1995 |publisher=Serbian Network |language=English}}</ref> Serbia's official peace was broken between 1998 and 1999, when the situation in Kosovo worsened with continued clashes in Kosovo between the Serbian and Yugoslav security forces and the ethnic Albanian [[Kosovo Liberation Army]] (KLA). The Serbian actions in Kosovo prompted a [[Operation Allied Force|NATO aerial bombardment]] which lasted for 78 days. The attacks were ended following a negotiation on the [[Republic of Macedonia]]-[[Yugoslavia|FR Yugoslav]] border between NATO spokesperson [[Mike Jackson]] and officials on behalf of Milošević, in which Milošević would withdraw all security forces, including the military and the police, and have them replaced by a body of international police. The agreement upheld Yugoslav (later Serbian) sovereignty over Kosovo but replaced Serbian government of the province with a UN administration (See: [[Kosovo War]] and [[UNMIK]]). NATO also surrendered its bid to station NATO troops across the whole Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which had been one of its demands at the Rambouillet negotiations prior to the bombing campaign.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.commondreams.org/views/031400-107.htm |title=Another Way For Kosovo? |accessdate= |author=Noam Chomsky |date=March 14, 2000 |publisher=Le Monde diplomatique |language=English}}</ref> ===Democracy/State Union=== In September 2000, opposition parties claimed that Milošević committed fraud in routine federal elections. Street protests and rallies throughout Serbia eventually forced Milošević to concede and hand over power to the recently formed Democratic Opposition of Serbia (DOS), a broad coalition of anti-Milošević parties. [[5th October Overthrow|The fall of Milošević]] led to end of the international isolation Serbia suffered during the Milošević years. Serbia's new leaders announced that Serbia would seek to join the [[European Union]]. In October 2005, the EU opened negotiations with Serbia for a [[Stabilization and Association Agreement]] ([[SAA]]), a preliminary step towards joining the [[EU]]. From 2003 to 2006, Serbia was part of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, into which the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had been transformed. On 21 May 2006 Montenegro held a referendum to determine whether or not to end the union with Serbia. The next day, state-certified results showed 55.4% of voters in favor of independence, which was just above the 55% required by the referendum.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/europe/05/22/montenegro.independence/ |title= Montenegro chooses independence |accessdate= |date=May 22, 2006 |publisher=CNN International |language=English}}</ref> ===Republic of Serbia=== On [[5 June]] [[2006]] the [[National Assembly of Serbia]] declared Serbia the legal successor to the State Union, following the decision of the people of [[Montenegro]] expressed at the independence referendum. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5083690.stm |title=Montenegro gets Serb recognition |accessdate= |date=15 Juni 2006 |publisher=BBC News |language=English}}</ref> The possibility of a dual citizenship for the [[Serbs of Montenegro]] is a matter of the ongoing negotiations between the two governments. ** From 1918 to 2006 Serbia was a major component of the various [[Yugoslavia|South Slavic states]], including the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] from 1918 to 1941 (renamed the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] in 1929), the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] from 1945 to 1992, the [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] from 1992 to 2003, and the State Union of [[Serbia and Montenegro]] from 2003 to 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lahana.org/blog/Second%20Balkan%20War.htm |title=Second Balkan War 1913 |accessdate= |publisher=Lahana.org |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infoplease.com/spot/yugotimeline1.html |title=Timeline: The Former Yugoslavia |accessdate= |author=Borgna Brunner |coauthors=David Johnson |date=2007 |publisher=Infoplease |language=English}}</ref> --> == Papréntahan lan pulitik == Présidhèn Serbiya saiki yaiku Boris Tadić, pamimpin parté Dhémokrat Serbiya (DS). Boris Tadić menangaké 53% swara ing puteran kapindho sajeroning pilihan umum tanggal [[27 Juni]] [[2004]]. Serbiya nganakaké referendum ing tanggal 28-29 Oktober 2006 kanggo ratifikasi konstitusi anyar paska Milošević. Tanggal 8 Mèi 2007, Tomislav Nikolić kapilih dadi Ketua Parlemèn Serbiya.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6636199.stm |title=Political uncertainty stalks Serbia |accessdate= |author=Nick Hawton |date=8 Mèi 2007 |publisher=BBC News |language=English}}</ref> Sawisé négosisasi ing menit-menit pungkasan atara parté Dhémokrat Serbiya lan parté DSS wusanané disetujoni papréntahan anyar ing tanggal 11 Mèi 2007 antara DS, DSS lan G17 Plus.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2007&mm=05&dd=11&nav_category=93&nav_id=41168 |title=Tadić, Koštunica reach cabinet deal |accessdate= |date=11 Mèi 2007 |publisher=B92 |language=English |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505145950/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2007&mm=05&dd=11&nav_category=93&nav_id=41168 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bab iki ndadèkaké munduré Nikolić rong dina sawisé iku ing tanggal 13 Mèi 2007. Nikolic digantèkaké déning Oliver Dulić. === Pamérangan administratif === Serbiya dipérang dadi 29 dhitrik lan siji [[kutha]] yaiku [[Beograd]]. Dhistrik lan kutha mau banjur dipérang manèh sajeroning sawatara munisipal. Serbiya nduwé siji provinsi otonom yaiku [[Vojvodina]] (7 dhistrik, 46 munisipal). Sadurungé mardika [[Kosovo|Kosowo]] uga wujud provinsi otonom ing Serbiya. Pérangan sing dumunung antarané provinsi Vojvodina dan tilas provinsi Kosowo mau sing diarani Serbiya tengah. Serbiya tengah iku dudu sawijining laladan administratif lan ora duwé papréntahan dhéwé. Sajeroning [[Basa Inggris]] tlatah iki dijuluki ''Serbiya proper'' kanggo nuduhaké "péranganing Républik Serbiya sing ora kalebu provinsi otonom kaya mau sajeroning Kapustakan Konggrès [[Amérika Sarékat]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/yugoslavia/yu_glos.html |title=Glossary--Yugoslavia |accessdate= |author=Library of Congress |authorlink=Library of Congress |language=English}}</ref> Jejuluk iki uga dipigunakaké ing Basa Serbo-Kroasia ing jamané Yugoslawiya (kanthi istilah "uža Srbija", sing tegesé: "Serbiya ciut"). == Dhémografi == [[Gambar:Census_2002_Serbia,_ethnic_map_(by_municipalities).png|thumb|300px|Peta ètnik ing Serbiya miturut sènsus taun 2002]] ; Statistik Populasi Serbiya (Mèi [[2005]]): * Serbiya (total): 9,396,411 ** [[Serbia tengah|Serbiya tengah]]: 5,479,686 ** [[Vojvodina]]: 2,116,725 ** [[Kosovo|Kosowo]]: watara 1,800,000 jiwa (Cathetan: Wiwit tanggal [[17 Fèbruari]] [[2008]] metu saka Serbiya lan ngadegaké nagara dhéwé). {{bar box | width=300px | title=Serbia <small>(ora kalebu Kosowo)</small> ing [[2002]] | titlebar=#ddd | bars= {{bar percent|Sèrbiyan|brown|82.86}} {{bar percent|Honggariyan|orange|3.91}} {{bar percent|Bosniakan|black|1.82}} {{bar percent|Ruman|purple|1.44}} {{bar percent|Yugoslawan|blue|1.08}} {{bar percent|liya-liya|red|9.79}} }} Padunung Serbiya mayoritas saka suku Serbiya ([[Serbs|Serbiyan]]). Golongan minoritas kang wigati antarané: Albaniyan (mayoritas ing Kosowo), Hungariyan, [[Bosniaks|Bosniakan]], Ruman, Kroasiyan, Ceskan lan Slowakan, Gununghirengan, Makedoniyan, Bulgariyan, Rumaniyan, lsp. Loro prowinsi yaiku [[Vojvodina|Wojwodina]] lan [[Kosovo|Kosowo]], kanthi suku lan agama pancèn béda. Miturut sensus resmi pungkasan<ref name="statserb">{{cite web |url=http://www.statserb.sr.gov.yu/ |title=Statistical office of the Republic of Serbia |accessdate= |language=Serbian}}</ref> data taun [[2002]], komposisi suku Serbiya: * Total: 7,498,001 ** Suku Serbiyan: 6,212,844 (82.86%) ** Suku Hungariyan: 293,172 (3.91%) ** Suku Bosniyan: 136,464 (1.82%) ** Suku Ruman: 107,971 (1.44%) ** Suku Yugoslawiyan: 80,978 (1.08%) ** Liya (kurang saka 1%): 666,572 (8.89%) === Kutha wigati === [[Gambar:NoviBG Nov30 2005.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Beograd]], ibi kutha Serbiya]] Kutha wigati (sing ndunungi punjul 50,000 jiwa ing laladan kutha) — data sensus taun [[2002]] (data taun 2005/2006 kanggo Nowi Sad/Belgrad<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zis.bg.gov.yu/upload/BeogradUBrojkama%202006%20S.pdf |title=Beograd u brojkama |accessdate= |date=2006 |format=PDF |publisher=City of Belgrade Institute for Informatics and Statistics |language=Serbian |archive-date=2008-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216020213/http://www.zis.bg.gov.yu/upload/BeogradUBrojkama%202006%20S.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>). {| class="wikitable" |- !rowspan="2"|Kutha || colspan="2"|Populasi |- !Urban || Metropolitan |- | [[Beograd|Bélgrad]] || align="right"| 1,304,219 || align="right"|1,689,667 |- | [[Novi Sad|Nowi Sad]] || align="right"|255,071 || align="right"|333,895 |- | [[Niš|Nis]] || align="right"|236,722 || align="right"|252,131 |- | [[Kragujevac|Kraguyewac]] || align="right"|147,473 || align="right"|211,580 |- | [[Subotica|Subotitsa]] || align="right"|99,471 || align="right"|147,758 |- | [[Zrenjanin|Jrenyanin]] || align="right"|79,545 || align="right"|131,509 |- | [[Leskovac|Leskowac]] || align="right"|78,030 || align="right"|156,252 |- | [[Smederevo|Smédéréwo]] || align="right"|77,808 || align="right"|109,867 |- | [[Pančevo|Pancéwo]] || align="right"|77,087 || align="right"|127,162 |- | [[Kruševac|Krušéwac]] || align="right"|75,256 || align="right"|131,368 |- | [[Čačak|Cacak]] || align="right"|73,217 || align="right"|117,012 |- | [[Užice|Ujitsé]] || align="right"|63,577 || align="right"|83,022 |- | [[Valjevo|Walyéwo]] || align="right"|61,035 || align="right"|96,761 |- | [[Kraljevo|Kralyéwo]] || align="right"|57,411 || align="right"|121,707 |- | [[Šabac|Sabac]] || align="right"|55,240 || align="right"|122,893 |- | [[Vranje|Weranyé]] || align="right"|55,052 || align="right"|87,288 |- | [[Novi Pazar|Nowi Pasar]] || align="right"|54,604 || align="right"|85,249 |- | [[Sombor]] || align="right"|51,471 || align="right"|97,263 |} * Ing ngisor iki kutha wigati (sing ndunungi punjul 50,000 jiwa inh kutha) ing [[Kosovo lan Metohija|Kosowo lan Metohiya]], miturut prakiran: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130524223329/http://www.world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=1150378054&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-244&srt=npan&col=aohdq&geo=-3985 World Gazetteer]: [[Priština|Pristina]] (271,532), [[Prizren|Prijrén]] (171,464), [[Uroševac|Uroséwac]] (101,353), [[Djakovica|Jakowitsa]] (100,311), [[Peć|Péc]] (97,250), [[Gnjilane|Genyilané]] (94,990), [[Kosovska Mitrovica]] (88,006), [[Podujevo]] (50,642). * Wiwit tanggal [[17 Fèbruari]] [[2008]] [[Kosovo|Kosowo]] metu saka Serbiya lan ngadegaké nagara dhéwé. == Agama == {{bar box | title=Serbiya <small>(ora kalebu Kosowo)</small> ing taun [[2002]] | titlebar=#ddd | left1=agama | right1=persèn | float=right | bars= {{bar percent|Ortodoksi Wetanan|violet|84.1}} {{bar percent|Katulik Roma|red|6.24}} {{bar percent|Islam|green|4.82}} {{bar percent|Krésten Protèstan|blue|1.44}} }} Ma'abad-abad tlatah Serbiya dadi tapel wates agama anatara [[Greja Orthodoks Wétan|Ortodok]] lan [[Greja Katulik Roma|Katulik Roma]], banjur mlebuné agama [[Islam]], Serbiya dadi nagara kang dumadi saka manéka warna penganut agama ing bawana [[Éropa]]. [[Gambar:STUDENICA MONASTERY.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Studenica monastery]]]] === Komunitas Islam === Kaum muslim ing Serbiya dumadi saka sawatara komunitas yaiku: * "Komunitas Islam Serbiya" (Islamska zajednica Srbije), kanthi kapanggonan ing [[Beograd|Belgrad]], kanthi administratif dipanggedhèni déning ([[Grand Mufti|Mufti Ageng]]) Adem Jilkic. * "Komunitas Islam ing Serbiya" (Islamska zajednica u Srbiji), kanthi kalungguhan ing [[Novi Pazar|Nowi Pasar]], kanthi administratif dipanggedhèni déning [[mufti]] Muamer ef. Zukorlić, nyakup sawatara organisasi yaiku: ** Komunitas Islaming [[Sandžak|Sandiyak]] (Islamska zajednica Sandžaka), kanthi kalungguhan ing Nowi Pasar, dipanggedhèni déning mufti Muamer Zukorlić. ** Komunitas Islam ing [[Vojvodina|Woywodina]] (Islamska zajednica Vojvodine), kanthi kalungguhan ing [[Novi Sad|Nowi Sad]], dipanggedhèni dénig mufti Fadil Murati. ** Komunitas Islam ing [[Preševo Valley|Lembah Presewo]] (Islamska zajednica Preševske Doline), kanthi kalungguhan ing [[Preševo|Presewo]]. ** Komunitas Islam ing [[Serbia Pusat|Serbiya Pusat]] (Islamska zajednica Centralne Srbije), kanthi kalungguhan ing Beograd. [[Gambar:Bajrakli džamija.jpg|thumb|left|Masjid ing Belgrad]] == Deleng uga == * [[Militer Serbia|Militer Serbiya]] * [[Garis wektu Sajarah Serbia|Garis wektu Sajarah Serbiya]] * [[Kosovo|Kosowo]] == Réferènsi == <!-- - See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for a discussion of different citation methods and how to generate footnotes using the<ref>, </ref> and <reference /> tags -- --> * {{factbook}} {{reflist|2}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Serbia}} {{sisterlinks|Serbia}} * [https://www.srbija.gov.rs/?change_lang=en Pamaréntah Serbiya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411174236/https://www.srbija.gov.rs//%3Fchange_lang%3Den |date=2020-04-11 }} * [http://www.parlament.gov.rs/content/eng/index.asp Parlemen Serbiya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091024072919/http://www.parlament.gov.rs/content/eng/index.asp |date=2009-10-24 }} * [http://www.rts.rs/ RTS - Stasiun Televisi Serbiya] * [http://www.globalpolitician.com/articles.asp?ID=210 Dunia pers Serbiya setelah runtuhnya Komunisme & Milosevic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314000431/http://www.globalpolitician.com/articles.asp?ID=210 |date=2005-03-14 }} === Pamaréntah === <small>(In alphabetical order of domain name.)</small> * [http://www.narodnakancelarija.srbija.yu/eng/ People's Office of Serbiyan President] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623010904/http://www.narodnakancelarija.srbija.yu/eng/ |date=2007-06-23 }} * [http://www.usvemuprvi.com/ City of Kragujevac the first in everything] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080111010040/http://www.usvemuprvi.com/ |date=2008-01-11 }} * [https://www.nbs.rs/ National Bank of Serbiya] * [http://www.parlament.gov.sr/content/eng/index.asp National Assembly of Serbiya]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.predsednik.rs/lat/default.asp?lng=eng President of the Republic of Serbiya] * [https://www.mei.gov.rs/eng/ The EU integration Office of Serbiyan Government] * [http://www.serbia.travel/ National Tourism Organisation of Serbiya] * [https://www.srbija.gov.rs//?change_lang=en Serbiyan Government] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411174236/https://www.srbija.gov.rs//%3Fchange_lang%3Den |date=2020-04-11 }} * [https://www.stat.gov.rs/sr-Latn/ Republic of Serbiya Statistical Office] * [http://www.belgradenet.com Belgrade Travel Guide, Serbiya] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071111224808/http://www.belgradenet.com/ |date=2007-11-11 }} === Link liyané === * [http://www.beograd.rs/ Belgrade - Official Website] * [https://sremportal.info/ Serbian News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227094929/https://sremportal.info/ |date=2020-02-27 }} * [https://beg.aero/lat Belgrade Airport]{{Pranala mati|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.srbijaoglasi.com/ Serbian Classifieds] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407065214/http://www.srbijaoglasi.com/ |date=2020-04-07 }} * [[Japan Mint]]: [http://www.mint.go.jp/eng/event/finaljudge2006.html 2006 International Coin Design Competition, Future Designer award – "Nikola Tesla" by Aleksandra Stokic (Serbiya)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231193601/http://www.mint.go.jp/eng/event/finaljudge2006.html |date=2007-12-31 }} <br />{{Political divisions of Serbia}} {{Template group | title = Geographic locale | list = {{Danube}} {{Situs Warisan Donya ing Serbia}} }} {{Template group | title = International organizations | list = {{Dewan Éropa}} {{Uni Éropa}} {{CEFTA}} {{Black Sea Economic Cooperation countries}} {{GNB}} {{La Francophonie}} }} {{Éropa}} [[Kategori:Serbia| ]] 4v12skbcusvla3nz06bop3fi4atmgu1 0 22323 1752704 1701790 2026-08-16T00:52:38Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Philosopher | <!-- Scroll down to edit this page --> <!-- Philosopher Category --> region = Filsuf Kulon | era = [[Filsafat abad angka 17]]<br />(Filsafat Modèren) | color = #B0C4DE | <!-- Image and Caption --> image = Thomas Hobbes (portrait).jpg | caption = Thomas Hobbes | <!-- Information --> name = Thomas Hobbes| birth = {{Birth date|1588|4|5|df=yes}}<br />[[Malmesbury, Wiltshire|Malmesbury]], [[Wiltshire]], [[Inggris]] | death = {{Death date and age|1679|12|4|1588|4|5|df=yes}}<br />[[Derbyshire]], [[England]] | school_tradition = [[Kontrak sosial]], [[realisme ing gayutan internasional relations|realisme]] | main_interests = [[Filsafat pulitik]], [[sajarah]], [[etika]], [[ngèlmu ukur]] | influences = [[Plato]], [[Aristoteles]], [[Thucydides]], [[Tacitus]], [[Galileo]], [[Niccolò Machiavelli]], [[René Descartes]], [[Hugo Grotius|Grotius]], [[John Selden|Selden]], [[Great Tew]] circle| influenced = [[Joseph Butler]]; All subsequent Western [[political philosophy]]; [[sociology]]: [[Ferdinand Tönnies]] | notable_ideas = panemu tradhisi kontrak sosial; life in the [[state of nature]] is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short" | }} '''Thomas Hobbes''' ([[5 April]] [[1588]] – [[4 Dhésèmber]] [[1679]]) iku siji filsuf saka [[Inggris]], kang misuwur kanthi bukuné ''[[Leviathan (buku)|Leviathan]]'' [[1651]], kang dadi dhasar tumrap [[filsafat pulitik]] Kulon. Hobbes dikenang kanthi karyané bab [[filsafat pulitik]], sanajan karyané uga nyakup bab-bab liya kaya déné [[sajarah]], [[èlmu ukur]], [[teologi]], [[etika]], [[filsafat]] umum, lan [[èlmu pulitik]]. Saliyané iku, sumbangan pamikiran Hobbes bab alam manungsa minangka siji kerjasama kang madhiri utawa ''self-interested cooperation'', wis kabukti dadi téyori kang tahan uji ing jagad [[antropologi filsafat]]. == ''Leviathan'' == {{main|Leviathan (buku)}} [[Gambar:Leviathan frontispiece cropped British Library.jpg|thumb|80px|left|Frontispiece of ''Leviathan'']] Sajeroning ''[[Leviathan (buku)|Leviathan]]'', Hobbes mratélakaké doktriné bab landhesan kanggo [[masarakat]] lan [[pamaréntah]] kang sah (''legitimate''). ''Leviathan'' ditulis sajeroning jaman [[Perang sadulur Inggris]]; ngadhut akèh tulisan kang nuduhaké wigatiné panguwasa pusat kang kuwat kanggo nyegah cecongkrahan lan perang sadulur. == Bibliografi == * 1629. Translation of [[Thucydides]]'s ''[[History of the Peloponnesian War]]'' * 1650. ''The Elements of Law, Natural and Political'', written in 1640 and comprising ** ''[[Human Nature (book Hobbes)|Human Nature, or the Fundamental Elements of Policie]]'' ** ''[[De Corpore Politico]]'' * 1651–8. ''Elementa philosophica'' ** 1642. ''[[De Cive]]'' (Latin) ** 1651. ''[[Philosophicall Rudiments concerning Government and Society]]'' (English translation of De Cive) ** 1655. ''[[De Corpore]]'' (Latin) ** 1656. ''[[De Corpore]]'' (English translation) ** 1658. ''[[De Homine]]'' (Latin) * 1651. ''[[Leviathan (book)|Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiasticall and Civil]]''. [http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/f_hobbes.html Online.] * 1656. ''[[The Questions concerning Liberty, Necessity and Chance]]'' * 1668. Latin translation of the ''[[Leviathan (book)|Leviathan]]'' * 1675. English translation of [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'' and ''[[Odyssey]]'' * 1681. Posthumously ''[[Behemoth (Book)|Behemoth, or The Long Parliament]]'' (written in 1668, unpublished at the request of the King) <!-- ==In popular culture== * [[Hobbes (Calvin and Hobbes)|Hobbes]], the [[tiger]] in [[Bill Watterson]]'s [[comic strip]] ''[[Calvin and Hobbes]]'', who often makes remarks on human nature, was named after Thomas Hobbes, while his companion [[Calvin (Calvin and Hobbes character)|Calvin]] was named after the [[Reformation]] [[theologian]] [[John Calvin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andrewsmcmeel.com/calvinandhobbes/trivia.html| title=Calvin and Hobbes Trivia|accessdate = 2007-05-12}}</ref> * Hobbes is one of the Philosophers mentioned in the [[Monty Python]] "[[Bruces' Philosophers Song (Bruces' Song)|Philosophers Song]]". *A cartoon version of Hobbes appears in the comic book series [[Action Philosophers]]! issue #9. --> == Rujukan == === Umum === * Macpherson, C. B. (1962). ''The Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. * Robinson, Dave & Groves, Judy (2003). ''Introducing Political Philosophy''. Icon Books. ISBN 1-84046-450-X. * [[Leo Strauss|Strauss, Leo]] (1936). ''The Political Philosophy of Hobbes; Its Basis and Its Genesis''. Oxford: Clarendon Press. * Strauss, Leo (1959). "On the Basis of Hobbes' Political Philosophy," in ''What Is Political Philosophy?'', Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, chap. 7. * [[Ferdinand Tönnies|Tönnies, Ferdinand]] (1925). ''Hobbes. Leben und Lehre'', Stuttgart: Frommann, 3rd ed. * [[Steven Shapin|Shapin, Steven]] and [[Simon Schaffer|Shaffer, Simon]] (1995). ''[[Leviathan and the Air-Pump]].'' Princeton: Princeton University Press. * Malcolm, Noel. 2002. ''Aspects of Hobbes.'' New York: Oxford University Press. * Skinner, Quentin. 1996. ''Reason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. === Khusus === <references/> == Pranala njaba == {{sisterlinks|Thomas Hobbes}} {{Illustrated Wikipedia|Calvin wikiworld.jpg}} * {{gutenberg author| id=Thomas+Hobbes | name=Thomas Hobbes}} * [http://www.iep.utm.edu/h/hobmoral.htm Hobbes] at the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy * [http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/3x.htm Hobbes] at The Philosophy pages * [http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/hobbes.htm Hobbes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901003226/http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/hobbes.htm |date=2006-09-01 }} at the History of Economic Thought website. * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hobbes-moral/ Hobbes Moral and Political Philosophy] at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy * [http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/hobbes.html Brief bio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905051339/http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/philosophers/hobbes.html |date=2006-09-05 }} at Oregon State University ** ''[http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/hobbes/hobbes_life.html A Brief Life of Thomas Hobbes, 1588–1679] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214215047/http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/phl302/texts/hobbes/hobbes_life.html |date=2015-02-14 }}'' by John Aubrey * ''[http://etext.library.adelaide.edu.au/h/hobbes/thomas/h68l/ Leviathan]'' at The University of Adelaide * {{gutenberg|no=3207|name=Leviathan}} * ''[http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/Book.php?recordID=0256 The Iliad] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070417141449/http://oll.libertyfund.org/Home3/Book.php?recordID=0256 |date=2007-04-17 }}'', as translated by Hobbes, at the Online Library of Liberty * [http://atheisme.free.fr/Biographies/Hobbes_e.htm A short biography of Thomas Hobbes] * [http://www.earlymoderntexts.com A more easily readable version of Leviathan] * [http://oll.libertyfund.org/Intros/Thucydides.php Hobbes' Translation of Thucydides] {{DEFAULTSORT:Hobbes, Thomas}} [[Kategori:Lair 1588]] [[Kategori:Pati 1679]] [[Kategori:Filsuf abad angka 17]] [[Kategori:Filsuf pulitik]] [[Kategori:Èlmuwan pulitik]] [[Kategori:Biografi]] {{bio-stub}} sqlwd9rknjma4tekdxwmxvotufbgom3 0 26518 1752699 1734679 2026-08-15T18:51:08Z ~2026-44904-87 74076 1752699 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude>'''Pratélan Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat''' iki awujud pratélan tokoh sing mengku kalungguhan minangka Présidhèn [[Amérika Sarékat]], wiwit taun [[1789]]. Pratélan iki ora ngamot para ''acting'' utawa pejabat sauntara wektu miturut amandhemèn konstitusi AS nomer 25.</onlyinclude> Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat iku [[kepala nagara]] Amérika Sarékat. Sawijining Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat mung éntuk njabat suwéné rong mangsa bekti. Samangsa bekti iku suwéné patang taun. Mula bukané, palantikan dianakaké saben patang taun ing tanggal [[4 Maret]]. Nuli ratifikasi Amandemen Kaping Rong Puluh ing [[Undhang-Undhang Dhasar Amérika Sarékat]] ngowahi mangsa bekti [[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat|Présidhèn]] lan [[Wakil Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat|Wakil Présidhèn]] saéngga diwiwiti nalika tengah rina tanggal [[20 Januari]], diwiwiti kanthi mangsa bekti kapindho [[Franklin Roosevelt]] nalika taun [[1937]]. Dina pangangkatan Présidhèn mau ditepungi mawa jeneng ''[[Inauguration Day]]'' ing Amérika Sarékat. == Présidhèn == {{legend2|#FFA500|[[Federalist Party (United States)|Federalist]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#AACC99|[[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democratic-Republican]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#CCEEFF|[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFFFCC|[[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#FFB6B6|[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} <onlyinclude> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |-style="background:#cccccc" ! # ! colspan=2 | Présidhèn ! Wiwit ! Nganti ! Parté ! Wakil Présidhèn ! Mangsa kalungguhan |-{{party shading/No party}} | rowspan=2 | '''[[Presidency of George Washington|1]]''' | rowspan=2 | [[George Washington]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:Gilbert_Stuart,_George_Washington_(Lansdowne_portrait,_1796).jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[30 April]], [[1789]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1797]] | rowspan=2 | [[Pro-Administration Party (United States)|No party]] | rowspan=2 | [[John Adams]] | align=center | [[Presidency of George Washington|1]] |-{{party shading/No party}} | align=center | 2 |-{{party shading/Federalist}} | '''2''' | [[John Adams]] | [[Gambar:Adamstrumbull.jpg|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1797]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1801]] | [[Federalist Party (United States)|Federalist]] | {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | [[Thomas Jefferson]] | align=center | 3 |-{{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} |-{{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | rowspan=2 | '''[[Presidency of Thomas Jefferson|3]]''' | rowspan=2 | [[Thomas Jefferson]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1801]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1809]] | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democratic-Republican]] | [[Aaron Burr]] | align=center | 4 |-{{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | rowspan=2 | [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]<ref name="D">Died in office of natural causes.</ref><br /><small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small> | align=center | 5<includeonly> |}</includeonly></onlyinclude> |-{{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | rowspan=2 | '''4''' | rowspan=2 | [[James Madison]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:James Madison (cropped 3x4 close).jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1809]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1817]] | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democratic-Republican]] | align=center | 6 |-{{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} |[[Elbridge Gerry]]<ref name="D"/><br /><small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small> | align=center | 7 |-{{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | rowspan=2 | '''5''' | rowspan=2 | [[James Monroe]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:jm5.gif|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1817]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1825]] | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democratic-Republican]] | rowspan=2 | [[Daniel D. Tompkins|Daniel Tompkins]] | align=center | 8 |-{{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | align=center | 9 |-{{party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''6''' | [[John Quincy Adams]] | [[Gambar:John_Quincy_Adams_by_GPA_Healy,_1858.jpg|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1825]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1829]] | [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democratic-Republican]]<br />[[National Republican Party (United States)|National Republican]] | [[John C. Calhoun]] | align=center | 10 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | rowspan=2 | '''7''' | rowspan=2 | [[Andrew Jackson]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:Andrew jackson head.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1829]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1837]] | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[John C. Calhoun|John Calhoun]]<ref name="R">Resigned.</ref><br /><small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small> | align=center | 11 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Martin Van Buren]] | align=center | 12 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''8''' | [[Martin Van Buren]] | [[Gambar:mb8.gif|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1837]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1841]] | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[Richard Mentor Johnson|Richard Johnson]] | align=center | 13 |-{{party shading/Whig}} | '''9''' | [[William Henry Harrison]] | [[Gambar:William_Henry_Harrison_by_James_Reid_Lambdin,_1835.jpg|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1841]] | [[4 April]], [[1841]]<ref name="D"/> | [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] | [[John Tyler]] | rowspan=2 align=center | 14 |-{{party shading/Whig}} | '''10''' | [[John Tyler]] | [[Gambar:WHOportTyler.jpg|100px]] | [[4 April]], [[1841]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1845]] | [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]<br />[[John Tyler#Policies|No party]]<ref>Former Democrat who ran for Vice President on Whig ticket. Clashed with Whig congressional leaders and was expelled from the Whig party in 1841.</ref> |<small>''vacant''</small> |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''11''' | [[James K. Polk]] | [[Gambar:James_Knox_Polk_by_GPA_Healy,_1858.jpg|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1845]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1849]] | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[George M. Dallas|George Dallas]] | align=center | 15 |-{{party shading/Whig}} | '''12''' | [[Zachary Taylor]] | [[Gambar:Zachary_Taylor_by_Joseph_Henry_Bush,_c1848.jpg|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1849]] | [[9 Juli]], [[1850]]<ref name="D"/> | [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] | [[Millard Fillmore]] | rowspan=2 align=center | 16 |-{{party shading/Whig}} | '''13''' | [[Millard Fillmore]] | [[Gambar:Millard Fillmore White House portrait.png|100px]] | [[9 Juli]], [[1850]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1853]] | [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]] | <small>''vacant''</small> |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''14''' | [[Franklin Pierce]] | [[Gambar:Franklin_Pierce_by_GPA_Healy,_1858.jpg|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1853]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1857]] | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[William R. King|William King]]<ref name="D"/><br /><small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small> | align=center | 17 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''15''' | [[James Buchanan]] | [[Gambar:Jb15.gif|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1857]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1861]] | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[John C. Breckinridge|John Breckinridge]] | align=center | 18 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | rowspan=2 | '''16''' | rowspan=2 | [[Abraham Lincoln]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:Abraham_Lincoln_by_George_Peter_Alexander_Healy.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1861]] | rowspan=2 | [[April 15]], [[1865]]<ref name="A">Assassinated.</ref> | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]<br />[[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]]<ref name="U">Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were, respectively, a Republican and a Democrat who ran on the National Union ticket in 1864.</ref> | [[Hannibal Hamlin]] | align=center | 19 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Andrew Johnson]] | rowspan=2 align=center | 20 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''17''' | [[Andrew Johnson]] | [[Gambar:aj17.gif|100px]] | [[15 April]], [[1865]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1869]] | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]<br />[[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]]<ref name="U"/> | <small>''vacant''</small> |-{{party shading/Republican}} | rowspan=2 | '''18''' | rowspan=2 | [[Ulysses S. Grant]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:Ugrant.jpeg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1869]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1877]] | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[Schuyler Colfax]] | align=center | 21 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | [[Henry Wilson]]<ref name="D"/><br /><small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small> | align=center | 22 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | '''19''' | [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] | [[Gambar:Daniel Huntington - Rutherford Birchard Hayes - Google Art Project.jpg|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1877]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1881]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[William A. Wheeler|William Wheeler]] | align=center | 23 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | '''20''' | [[James A. Garfield]] | [[Gambar:James Garfield portrait.jpg|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1881]] | [[19 September]], [[1881]]<ref name="A"/> | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[Chester A. Arthur]] | rowspan=2 align=center | 24 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | '''21''' | [[Chester A. Arthur]] | [[Gambar:Chester Alan Arthur.jpg|100px]] | [[19 September]], [[1881]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1885]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | <small>''vacant''</small> |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''22''' | [[Grover Cleveland]] | [[Gambar:Grover Cleveland portrait2.jpg|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1885]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1889]] | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[Thomas A. Hendricks|Thomas Hendricks]]<ref name="D"/><br /><small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small> | align=center | 25 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | '''23''' | [[Benjamin Harrison]] | [[Gambar:Bharrison.gif|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1889]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1893]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[Levi P. Morton|Levi Morton]] | align=center | 26 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''24''' | [[Grover Cleveland]]<br /><small>''(2nd term)''</small> | [[Gambar:Grover Cleveland, painting by Anders Zorn.jpg|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1893]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1897]] | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[Adlai E. Stevenson I|Adlai E. Stevenson]] | align=center | 27 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | rowspan=2 | '''25''' | rowspan=2 | [[William McKinley]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:Official White House portrait of William McKinley.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1897]] | rowspan=2 | [[14 September]], [[1901]]<ref name="A"/> | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[Garret Hobart]]<ref name="D"/><br /><small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small> | align=center | 28 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | [[Theodore Roosevelt]] | rowspan=2 align=center | 29 |-style="background:#ffc2e1" |-{{party shading/Republican}} | rowspan=2 | '''[[Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt|26]]''' | rowspan=2 | [[Theodore Roosevelt]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:John Singer Sargent - Theodore Roosevelt - Google Art Project.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[September 14]], [[1901]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1909]] | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | <small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small> |-{{party shading/Republican}} | [[Charles W. Fairbanks|Charles Fairbanks]] | align=center | 30 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | '''27''' | [[William Howard Taft]] | [[Gambar:Anders Zorn - Portrait of William Howard Taft (1911).jpg|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1909]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1913]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[James S. Sherman|James Sherman]]<ref name="D"/><br /><small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small> | align=center | 31 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | rowspan=2 | '''28''' | rowspan=2 | [[Woodrow Wilson]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:ww28.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1913]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1921]] | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | rowspan=2 | [[Thomas R. Marshall|Thomas Marshall]] | align=center | 32 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | align=center | 33 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | '''29''' | [[Warren G. Harding]] | [[Gambar:wh29.gif|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1921]] | [[2 Agustus]], [[1923]]<ref name="D"/> | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[Calvin Coolidge]] | rowspan=2 align=center | 34 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | rowspan=2 | '''30''' | rowspan=2 | [[Calvin Coolidge]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:Calvin Coolidge.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[2 Agustus]], [[1923]] | rowspan=2 | [[4 Maret]], [[1929]] | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | <small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small> |-{{party shading/Republican}} | [[Charles G. Dawes|Charles Dawes]] | align=center | 35 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | '''31''' | [[Herbert Hoover]] | [[Gambar:Herbert_Clark_Hoover_by_Greene,_1956.jpg|100px]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1929]] | [[4 Maret]], [[1933]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[Charles Curtis]] | align=center | 36 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | rowspan=4 | '''32''' | rowspan=4 | [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] | rowspan=4 | [[Gambar:FDR in 1933.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=4 | [[4 Maret]], [[1933]] | rowspan=4 | [[12 April]], [[1945]]<ref name="D"/> | rowspan=4 | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | rowspan=2 | [[John Nance Garner|John Garner]] | align=center | 37 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | align=center | 38 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Henry A. Wallace|Henry Wallace]] | align=center |39 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Harry S. Truman]] | rowspan=2 align=center | 40 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | rowspan=2 | '''33''' | rowspan=2 | [[Harry S. Truman]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:HarryTruman.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[12 April]], [[1945]] | rowspan=2 | [[20 Januari]], [[1953]] | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | <small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small> |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Alben Barkley]] | align=center | 41 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | rowspan=2 | '''[[Presidency of Dwight D. Eisenhower|34]]''' | rowspan=2 | [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:Dwight_D._Eisenhower,_official_Presidential_portrait.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[20 Januari]], [[1953]] | rowspan=2 | [[20 Januari]], [[1961]] | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | rowspan=2 | [[Richard Nixon]] | align=center | 42 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | align=center | 43 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''35''' | [[John F. Kennedy]] | [[Gambar:John_F_Kennedy_Official_Portrait.jpg|100px]] | [[20 Januari]], [[1961]] | [[22 November]], [[1963]]<ref name="A"/> | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] | rowspan=2 align=center | 44 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | rowspan=2 | '''36''' | rowspan=2 | [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:Ljohnson.jpeg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[22 November]], [[1963]] | rowspan=2 | [[20 Januari]], [[1969]] | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | <small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small> |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Hubert Humphrey]] | align=center | 45 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | rowspan=2 | '''37''' | rowspan=2 | [[Richard Nixon]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:rn37.gif|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[20 Januari]], [[1969]] | rowspan=2 | [[9 Agustus]], [[1974]]<ref name="R"/> | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[Spiro Agnew]] | align=center | 46 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | [[Spiro Agnew]]<ref name="R"/><br /><small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small><br />[[Gerald Ford]] | rowspan=2 align=center | 47 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | '''[[Presidency of Gerald Ford|38]]''' | [[Gerald Ford]] | [[Gambar:Jerryford.jpg|100px]] | [[9 Agustus]], [[1974]] | [[20 Januari]], [[1977]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | <small>''vacant'' (lowong)</small><br />[[Nelson Rockefeller]] |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''39''' | [[Jimmy Carter]] | [[Gambar:Jimmy Carter.jpg|100px]] | [[20 Januari]], [[1977]] | [[20 Januari]], [[1981]] | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | [[Walter Mondale]] | align=center | 48 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | rowspan=2 | '''[[Reagan Administration|40]]''' | rowspan=2 | [[Ronald Reagan]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:Ronald Reagan 1981 presidential portrait.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[20 Januari]], [[1981]] | rowspan=2 | [[20 Januari]], [[1989]] | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | rowspan=2 | [[George H. W. Bush]] | align=center | 49 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | align=center | 50 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | '''41''' | [[George H. W. Bush]] | [[Gambar:George H. W. Bush, President of the United States, 1989 official portrait (cropped).jpg|100px]] | [[20 Januari]], [[1989]] | [[20 Januari]], [[1993]] | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | [[Dan Quayle]] | align=center | 51 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | rowspan=2 | '''[[Presidency of Bill Clinton|42]]''' | rowspan=2 | [[Bill Clinton]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:Bill Clinton.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[20 Januari]], [[1993]] | rowspan=2 | [[20 Januari]], [[2001]] | rowspan=2 | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] | rowspan=2 | [[Al Gore]] | align=center | 52 |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | align=center | 53 |-{{party shading/Republican}} | rowspan=2 | '''[[Presidency of George W. Bush|43]]''' | rowspan=2 | [[George W. Bush]] | rowspan=2 | [[Gambar:George-W-Bush.jpeg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | [[20 Januari]], [[2001]] | rowspan=2 | [[20 Januari]], [[2009]]'' | rowspan=2 | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] | rowspan=2 | [[Dick Cheney]] | align=center | [[George W. Bush's first term as President of the United States|54]] |-{{party shading/Republican}} | align=center | [[George W. Bush's second term as President of the United States|55]] |-{{party shading/Democratic}} |-{{party shading/Democratic}} | '''[[Presidency of Barack Obama|44]]''' | [[Barack Obama]]<br /><ref name="whouseobama">{{Cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president_obama/|title=President Barack Obama|accessdate=January 20 2009|dateformat=mdy|publisher=Whitehouse.gov|year=January 20, 2009|archive-date=January 22, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090122102439/http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/president_obama/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.history.com/presidents/obama |title=Barack Obama – Democratic Party – 44th President – American Presidents |accessdate=January 12 2009 |publisher=[[History (TV channel)|History]] }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://americanpresidents.org/presidents/president.asp?PresidentNumber=43 |title=Barack Obama (August 4, 1961 – ) |accessdate=January 12, 2009 |work=American Presidents: Life Portrait |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] }}</ref> | [[Gambar:Official portrait of Barack Obama.jpg|100px]] | rowspan=2 | 20 Januari, 2009 | rowspan=2 | 20 Januari, 2017 | &nbsp; [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] &nbsp; | [[Joe Biden]] | align=center | [[Presidency of Barack Obama|56]] |} == Rujukan == {{Reflist}} == Sumber == * Frank Freidel and Hugh S. Sidey, [http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/ "The Presidents of the United States"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070728050931/http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/ |date=2007-07-28 }}. The [[White House]]. * Robert S. Summers, [http://www.ipl.org/div/potus/ "POTUS: Presidents of the United States"]. [[Internet Public Library]]. == Pranala njaba == * [http://tributes.kccouchs.com/presidents Couch Brothers President Tributes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029041318/http://tributes.kccouchs.com/presidents |date=2010-10-29 }} * [http://www.allpresidents.org/ Hauenstein Center for Presidential Studies] * [http://www.americanheritage.com/people/presidents/ Detailed Quick Facts on All U.S. Presidents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210002715/http://www.americanheritage.com/people/presidents/ |date=2006-02-10 }} * [http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/aas_portal/index.xq A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202214223/http://elections.lib.tufts.edu/aas_portal/index.xq |date=2011-02-02 }} [[Kategori:Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat| ]] [[Kategori:Pratélan mawa topik Amérika Sarékat|Présidhèn]] [[Kategori:Pratélan Présidhèn]] 2vemyjkosribg4dmdmlf8q7396mfzij 0 89830 1752696 1655791 2026-08-15T13:43:08Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752696 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Dextroamphetamine.jpg|thumb|250px|Dextroamphetamine kang kagolong Amphetamine]] '''Doping''' ya iku saka tembung dope, duwehi makna campuran candu lan narkotika dhisik dianggo pacuan [[jaran]] ing Inggris. Miturut UU No.3 taun 2005 tentang Sistem Keulah ragaan Nasional, Bab I Ketentuan Umum Pasal 1 ayat 22, Doping ya iku panganggoan zat lan utawa métodhe sing dilarang kanggo ningkatno prestasi ulah raga. Miturut [[International Congress of Sport Sciences]]; [[Olympiade Tokyo]] [[1964]]: Doping ya iku pangangoan déning peserta lomba wujud bahan asing déning organisme liwat dalan apa waé atawa bahan fisiologis kang duwehi jumlah abnormal utawa sing diwehekake liwat dalan kang abnormal, kanggo tujuan ningkatno prestasi. Ing Indonesia, wadhah wadhah kanggo ngawasi doping ya iku [[LADI (Lembaga Anti Doping Indonesia)]]. Ing donya, pangawasan déning [[WADA (World Anti Doping Agency)]] == SEJARAH == Doping dikenal wes dianggo kawet suwé, saumpama ing masarakat [[Indian]] kang mangan tumbuhan liya kanggo ningkatno kakuwatan lan nambah kewanian sakwektu mbeburu. Perkembangan doping akèh dianggo déning [[atlet]] balap sepeda. Sajarah abad modhèren akèh atlet kang nganggo doping: * [[1865]]: Doping dienggo perenang ing lomba saluran banyu * [[1886]]: Pembalap sepeda [[Perancis]] lomba balap [[600]] Km, mati sawisé ngaggo [[Trimethyl]] * [[1960]]: Pembalap sepeda mati amarga akèh ngkonsumsi [[Amphetamine]]. * [[1967]]: Pembalap sepeda mati, juru main sepakbola lan petinju amarga nganggo [[Wake Amine]]. * [[1980]]: [[Ben Johnson]], pelari cepat [[100]] [[mèter]] dicopot gelar juarane amarga nganggo [[Anabolic Steroid]]ing [[Olimpiade Soul]]. == ZAT-ZAT KAGOLONG DOPING == * Stimulan ([[amphetamine]],[[Caffein]], [[Cocain]],[[Aphedrine]], dll) * Narkotik-Analgesik ([[Methadone]], [[Morphine]],[[Oxycodone]],dll) * Anabolik-Androgenik ([[Testosterone]],[[Balasterone]], dll) * Anabolik Non Steroid ([[Clenbuterol]],[[Zeranol]], dll) * Penghalang Beta ([[Acebutotlo]]l, [[Atenolol,Sotalol]], dll) * Diuretika ([[Acetazolamid]], [[Amiloride]],[[Chlormerodrin]], dll) * Peptida hormon ([[Growth hormon]],[[Adrenocortico hormon]], dll)<ref>[http://antidopingindonesia.org/Ver1/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=89&Itemid=70 antidopingindonesia.org]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}(dideleng tanggal 15 Agustus 2012)</ref> == Pranala njaba == * {{es}} [http://deportelimpio.fundacionmiguelindurain.com Web Esport Net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208165111/http://deportelimpio.fundacionmiguelindurain.com/ |date=2015-02-08 }} * {{es}} [http://www.isai.es/hechiceros/drogas_inteligentes/dopajeolimpiada.html Ajedrez y dopaje. Los controles anti-doping en la Olimpiada de Bled] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090227033215/http://www.isai.es/hechiceros/drogas_inteligentes/dopajeolimpiada.html |date=2009-02-27 }} * [http://www.atptennis.atponline.net/en/common/TrackIt.asp?file=/en/antidoping/Caffeine_Sanction_English.pdf Tennis Anti-Doping Program]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{es}} [http://www.futbolistas.cl/modules/news/article.php?storyid=305 Doping dalam ulah raga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050213221654/http://www.futbolistas.cl/modules/news/article.php?storyid=305 |date=2005-02-13 }} * {{es}} [http://www.monografias.com/trabajos12/eldoping/eldoping.shtml Dokumen tentang doping] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120819082630/http://www.monografias.com/trabajos12/eldoping/eldoping.shtml |date=2012-08-19 }} == Cathetan suku == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Ulah raga]] 6fmuqzpqgdh9knbfsum1ogssol7esf0 0 95960 1752701 1752658 2026-08-15T21:26:48Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rapèkaké}} [[Gambar:Pt pupuk sriwijadja.jpg|thumb|240px]] {{for|perusahaan kang dahulu bernama PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero)|Pupuk Indonésia}} {{Kotak info perusahaan | company_name = PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang | company_logo = [[Berkas:Pusri.jpeg‎|center|150px]] | company_type = | foundation = [[12 November]] [[2010]] | location = [[Palembang]], [[Indonésia]] | key_people = Parikesit Suprapto, PhD , Komisaris {{br}}Edy Putra Irawady, SH , Direktur Utama |Ir. Arifin Tasrif | industry = [[Urea]] dan [[Amoniak]] | products = {{br}}Urea{{br}} Amoniak | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | num_employees = (organik){{br}} (non-organik) | parent = [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] | subsid = {{br}}PT Sri Melamin Rejeki {{br}}PT Puspetindo | homepage = http://www.pusri.co.id/ | footnotes = }} '''PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang''', kang kondhang minangka PT Pusri, wujud anak perusahaan saka [[PT Pupuk Indonésia]] (Persero)<ref name="anak perusahaan pihc">{{Cite web |url=http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |title=Anak Perusahaan PT Pupuk Indonésia |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115064736/http://pupuk-indonesia.com/id/kepemilikan-saham |url-status=dead }}</ref> kang bergerak ing babagan [[produksi]] lan [[pemasaran]] [[pupuk]]. == Sajarah == ==== Pupuk Sriwidjaja minangka Induk Pupuk Indonésia ==== Nalika taun 1997, Pusri ditunjuk minangka perusahaan induk membawahi papat BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan indhustri pupuk lan petrokimia, ya iku PT Petrokimia Gresik ing [[Gresik]], [[Jawa Timur]]; PT Pupuk Kujang ing [[Cikampek]], [[Jawa Barat]]; PT Pupuk Kaltim ing [[Bontang]], [[Kalimantan Timur]]; lan PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda ing [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Acèh]]; sarta BUMN kang bergerak ing babagan engineering, procurement & construction (EPC), ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri (kantore pusat ing Jakarta). Nalika taun 1998, anak perusahaan Pusri bertambah siji BUMN manhe, ya iku PT Mega Eltra ing Jakarta kang bergerak ing babagan perdagangan. awit Pamaréntah Indonésia mindahake sekabehane sahamnya kang dipanggonake ing Industri Pupuk Dalam Negeri lan ing PT Mega Eltra marang PUSRI, liwat Peraturan Pamaréntah (PP) nomer 28 taun 1997 lan PP nomer 34 taun 1998, mangka PUSRI, kang berkedudukan ing Palembang, Sumatera Selatan, dadi Induk Perusahaan (Operating Holding) kanti membawahi 6 (enam) anak perusahaan kalebu anak perusahaan penyertaan langsung ya iku PT Rekayasa Industri, masing-masing perusahaan bergerak sajrone babagan usaha: * PT Petrokimia Gresik kang berkedudukan ing Gresik, Jawa Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea, ZA, SP-36/SP-18, [[Phonska]], DAP, NPK, ZK, lan indhustri kimia lliyane sarta Pupuk Organik. * PT Pupuk Kujang, kang berkedudukan ing Cikampek, Jawa Barat. Memproduksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur, kang kedudukane ing Bontang, Kalimantan Timur. Produksi lan masarake pupuk urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Pupuk Iskandar Muda, kang kedudukane ing Lhokseumawe, Nangroe Acèh Darussalam. Produksi an masarake pupuk Urea lan indhustri kimia liyané. * PT Rekayasa Industri, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta, Bergerak sajrone penyediaan Jasa Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) guna yasa indhustri gas & lenga bumi, pupuk, kimia dan petrokimia, pertambangan, pembangkit listrik (panas bumi, batu bara, micro-hydro, diesel). * PT Mega Eltra, kang kedudukane ing Jakarta kanti babagan usaha mligi ya iku Perdagangan Umum. === Periode Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang === Nalika taun [[2010]], dilakokake pemisahan ('''Spin-Off''') saka PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja (Persero) (Pusri) marang PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang (Pusri Palembang)<ref>[http://www.republika.co.id/berita/breaking-news/ekonomi/11/01/02/155887-pusri-resmi-jadi-holding-bumn-pupuk Pusri resmi jadi holding bumn pupuk]</ref>. Owah-owahan iki terutang sajrone owah-owahan anggaran dhasar<ref name="sajarah pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |title=Sejarah Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710060935/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil01.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Pengalihan hak lan kewajiban Pusri marang Pusri Palembang tertuang sajrone [[Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham]] - Luar Biyasa nalika [[24 Dhésèmber]] 2010<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Serah tampa kalungguhan lan pengalihan hak lan kewajiban efektif nalika [[1 Januari]] 2011<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Pusri Palembang tetep migunakaké logo lan merk dagang Pusri<ref name="sajarah pusri" />. Pusri dhéwé ganti jeneng dadi [[Pupuk Indonésia]] lan migunakaké merk Pupuk Indonésia lan logo Pupuk Indonésia<ref name="ganti nama dan logo ke pupuk indonesia">[http://www.pupuk-kujang.co.id/allmenu.php?idn=36&idd=166&PHPSESSID=d75250648bd1364e7d411e70d66d8ad9 Lauching Nama dan Logo Baru Holding Pupuk]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Anak Perusahaan == # PT Sri Melamin Rejeki<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2013-01-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111035224/http://www.pusri.co.id/50profil10.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> (20%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |title=Anak Perusahaan Pusri 2 |access-date=2013-01-14 |archive-date=2012-07-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717073925/http://www.pusri.co.id/index0300.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>, kang bergerak sajrone produksi melamin. # [http://www.puspetindo.com PT Puspetindo]<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> (5.3%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2" />, kang bergerak sajrone produksi peralatan pabrik. # [http://twinplazahotèl.co.id/ PT Slipi Sri Indopuri]{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala 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}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri 2" />, kang bergerak sajrone hotèl lan apartemen. == Wewengkon Pemasaran == Surat Dudutan (SK) Menperindag No 70/MPP/Kep/2/2003 tanggal 11 Fèbruari 2003 wis mengatur manèh pola Pengadaan lan Penyaluran Pupuk Bersubsidi kanggo Sektor Pertanian, ya iku kanti pola rayonisasi distribusi pupuk kanggo produsen pupuk. Wewengkon Pemsaran Pupuk Sriwidjaja diduduhake kanti warna biru sarta anakan perusahaane. [[Gambar:Insetpemasaran02.jpg|center|500px]] == Prastawa wigati == # Pusri didegake nalika tanggal 24 Dhésèmber 1959 di Palembang, kanti kagiyatan usaha produksi pupuk urea. # nalika taun [[1963]] beroperasi pabrik pupuk urea pertama ya iku: ” PUSRI I ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 100.000 ton per taun. # Tahun [[1974]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kapindho ya iku “ PUSRI II “ kanti kapasitas terpasang 380.000 ton pertahun (awit taun 1992 kapasitase ditingkatake / optimasi dadi 570.000 ton/taun). # Tahun [[1976]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea ketelu, ya iku “ PUSRI III ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun. # Tahun [[1977]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea kepapat, ya iku “ PUSRI IV ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun. # Tahun [[1979]], pamaréntah ngukuhaké PT.Pusri minangka perusahaan kang bertanggung jawab sajrone pengadaan lan penyaluran sekabehane jinis pupuk bersubsidi, baik kang berskala saka produksi sajrone nagari utawa import kanggo memenuhi kebutuhan program intensivikasi pertanian (Bimas lan Inmas). # Tahun [[1990]] dibangun pabrik pupuk Urea, ya iku “ PUSRI I B ” kanti kapasitas terpasang 570.000 ton pertahun minangka pengganti pabrik Puri I kang diendeg operasine amarga usia teknis lan wis ora efisien manèh. Pabrik iki wiwit produksi nalika taun 1994, wujud pabrik pertama kang digarap sapérangan besar déning ahli-ahli bangsa Indonésia, kang dibangun kanti konsèp hemat ènergi lan migunakaké sistem kendali komputer “Distributed Control System” # Tanggal [[12 November]] [[2010]], pemisahan PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang saka PT Pusri. == Struktur Kepemilikan Saham == * PT Pupuk Indonésia (99,99%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> * Yayasan Kesejahteraan Karyawan Pusri (0,01%)<ref name="anak perusahaan pusri" /> [[Gambar:Strukturholding.jpg|center|600px]] == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.pusri.co.id/ Situs Resmi PT. Pupuk Sriwidjaja Palembang] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130326054110/http://pusri.co.id/ |date=2013-03-26 }} [[Kategori:Kota Palembang]] [[Kategori:Perusahaan Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Pupuk]] dphfk99ulsm4z0iigaz3pfk42kb0xjc 0 97016 1752703 1658993 2026-08-16T00:36:23Z Vanguard Man 72249 Logo Added 1752703 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Departure hall of SSQ II.JPG|thumb|200px|Tempat keberangkatan papan anggegana Sultan Syarif Kasim II]] [[Barkas:Sultan Syarif Kasim II International Airport Logo (2).png|jmpl|Logo Bandara Internasional Sultan Syarif Kasim II]] '''Papan Anggegana Internasional Sultan Syarif Kasim II''' {{Airport codes|PKU|WIBB}} inggih punika salah satunggaling [[papan anggegana]] ingkang dumunung ing [[Kota Pekanbaru]] lan saderengipun gadhah nama Papan Anggegana Simpang Tiga. Papan Anggegana punika gadhah wiyar 321,21 ha. Saperlu nyambut PON XVII nalika taun [[2012]], papan anggegana punika dipunwiyaraken malih saéngga saged nampung pesawat ingkang langkung ageng. Papan Anggegana punika ugi dados ''home-base'' kanggé [[Skuadron Udara 12]] [[TNI AU]]. == Sajarah == Papan anggegana Sultan Syarif Kasim II (SSK. II) [[Pekanbaru]] minangka papan anggegana tilas sajarah saking jaman kamardikan nglawan penjajah [[Walanda]] lan [[Jepang]]. Nalika punika dipunsebut “Landasan Udara” ing pundit landasan punika taksih wujud lemah ingkang dipunratakaken lan dipun-ginakaken minangka Pangkalan Militer. Nalika taun [[960]] pamaréntah ngoperasikaken papan anggegana punika dados papan anggegana perintis lan ngewahi nama saking Landasan Udara dados “Pelabuhan Udara Simpang Tiga”. Nama Simpang Tiga kapendhet amargi lokasinipun wonten ing tiga margi persimpangan inggih punika margi pinuju Kota Madya [[Pekanbaru]], [[Kabupatèn]] [[Kampar]] lan [[Kabupatèn]] Indragiri Hulu. Adedasar Rapat Kepala Kantor Perwakilan Departemen Perhubungan tanggal 23 [[Agustus]] [[1985]] nama Pelabuhan Udara Simpang Tiga pun gantos dados Papan Anggegana Simpang Tiga wiwit tanggal 1 [[September]] [[1985]]. Nalika tanggal 1 [[April]] [[1994]] Papan Anggegana Simpang Tiga kagabung kaliyan Manajemen ingkang dipunkelola déning PT. [[Angkasa Pura II]] (Persero). Lan dipunsebut kanthi Kantor Cabang Papan Anggegana Simpang Tiga, ingkang samangke gantos nama dados Papan Anggegana Sultan Syarif Kasim II ingkang katetepaken lumantar putusan Présidhèn No.Kep.473/OM.00/1988-AP II tgl. 4 [[April]] [[1998]] lan dipunresmikaken déning Présidhèn Républik [[Indonésia]], [[Abdurrahman Wahid]], tanggal [[29]] [[April]] [[2000]].<ref>[http://gloopic.net/sejarah-papan anggegana/bandar-udara-sultan-syarif-kasim-ii]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Maskapé Penerbangan dan penumpang == Punika minangka pratélan penerbangan ingkang miber wonten ing mriki (data per Dhésèmber 2012): <!--please list down the airlines flying here--> {{airport-dest-list |3rdcoltitle = Terminal |[[AirAsia]]| Kuala Lumpur-KLIA |International |[[Batavia Air]]| Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta |Domestik |[[Firefly (airline)|Firefly]]| Kuala Lumpur-Subang |Internasional |[[Garuda Indonésia]]| Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta, |Domestik |[[Indonésia AirAsia]]| Bandung, Medan |Domestik |[[Mandala Airlines]]| Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta, Medan (wiwit 14 Fèbruari 2013)|Domestik |[[Mandala Airlines]]| Singapura-Changi (wiwit 14 Fèbruari 2013)|Internasional |[[Lion Air]]| Batam, Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta, Medan |Domestik |[[Pelita Air Service]]| Dumai, Jakarta-Halim Perdana Kusuma |Domestik |[[Pacific Royale Airways]]| Batam <ref>http://www.facebook.com/flypra</ref> |Domestik |[[SilkAir]]| Singapura-Changi <ref>http://www.silkair.com/mbe/en_UK/content/corporate/newsflash/NF1001_25112010.jsp</ref> |International |[[Sky Aviation (Indonésia)|Sky Aviation]]| Batam <ref name="riauterkini.com">http://riauterkini.com/usaha.php?arr=49419</ref>, Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta <ref name="riauterkini.com">http://riauterkini.com/usaha.php?arr=49419</ref>, Tanjungpinang |Domestik |[[Sky Aviation (Indonésia)|Sky Aviation]]| Malaka |Internasional |[[Sriwijaya Air]]| Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta, Medan |Domestik |[[Wings Air]] |Batam, Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta, Medan|Domestik |[[Wings Air]] |Malaka |Internasional }} == Statistik == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:89%;" cellpadding=4 |+ '''Penerbangan tersibuk keluar dari Papan Anggegana Sultan Syarif Kasim II berdasarkan frekuensi''' {{fact|date=2012}} <ref>[http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showpost.php?p=93362402&postcount=3]</ref><ref>[http://old.indonesiafinancetoday.com/read/36151/-Sriwijaya-Buka-Rute-Pekanbaru-Batam]{{Pranala mati|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |-bgcolor="#DDDDDD" ! |Peringkat|| |Tujuan|| |Frekuensi<br>(Mingguan)|| Maskapé penerbangan |- |1 |[[Gambar:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Jakarta, Majalengka |112 |Garuda Indonésia, Lion Air, Sriwijaya Air, Sky Aviation |- |- |2 |[[Gambar:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Batam, Majalengka, Manado, Barjamasin |63 |Wings Air, Pacific Royale Airways, Sky Aviation, Sriwijaya Air |- |- |3 |[[Gambar:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Medan |24 |Lion Air, Sriwijaya Air, Indonésia AirAsia |- |- |4 |[[Gambar:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Dumai, Majalengka, [[Papan anggegana Cakrabhuwana|Cirebon-Cakrabhuana]], Manado, [[Papan anggegana Halim Perdanakusuma|Jakarta Wétan]] |14 |Pelita Air Service |- |- |5 |[[Gambar:Flag of Malaysia.svg|20px]] Melaka |8 |Wings Air, Sky Aviation |- |- |6 |[[Gambar:Flag of Malaysia.svg|20px]] Kuala Lumpur-KLIA |7 |AirAsia |- |- |7 |[[Gambar:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Bandung |7 | Indonésia Air Asia |- |- |8 |[[Gambar:Flag of Indonésia.svg|20px]] Tanjung Pinang |7 |Sky Aviation |- |- |9 |[[Gambar:Flag of Singapore.svg|20px]] Singapura |5 |SilkAir |- |- |10 |[[Gambar:Flag of Malaysia.svg|20px]] Kuala Lumpur-Subang |5 |Firefly |} == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} == Njaba == {{wikiportal|Indonésia}} * {{Commons category-inline|Sultan Syarif Qasim II International Airport}} {{Papan anggegana ing Indonésia}} [[Kategori:Papan anggegana ing Indonésia|Sultan Syarif Kasim II]] lk6sy6fw5ot5zfh7034t0mikr0y7jbf 0 97101 1752705 1658989 2026-08-16T00:59:01Z Vanguard Man 72249 Infobox airport Updated 1752705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|00|47|12|S|100|16|50|E|type:airport|display=title}} {{Infobox Airport |name = Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau |nativename = Bandar Udara Nagarantara Minangkabau |nativename-a = بانداراينتيرنسيونالمينڠكاباو |image = Minangkabau International Airport Logo (3).png |image-width = 235 |caption = |IATA = PDG |ICAO = WIPT <center>{{Location map|Sumatra Topography|width=235|float=center |caption=|mark=Airplane_silhouette.svg|marksize=10 |label=PDG|position=right |lat_deg=00|lat_min=47|lat_sec=12|lat_dir=S |lon_deg=100|lon_min=16|lon_sec=50|lon_dir=E }}</center>Letak BIM di [[Sumatera]] |type = Sipil |owner = |operator = [[Angkasa Pura|PT Angkasa Pura II]] |city-served = [[Kota Padang]], [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Indonésia]] |location = Nagari [[Katapiang, Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman|Ketaping]], kacamatan [[Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman|Batang Anai]], [[kabupatèn Padang Pariaman]], [[Sumatera Barat]] | hub = <div> *[[Garuda Indonésia]] *[[Lion Air]] *[[Batavia Air]] *[[Air Asia]] *[[Sriwijaya Air]] *[[Tiger Airways]] (Singapura) *[[PAL Express]] *[[Susi Air]] </div> |elevation-f = 18 |elevation-m = 5 |coordinates = {{koordinat|0|47|12|90|S|100|16|50|87|T|type:airport|br=Y}} |website = [http://www.minangkabauairport.com/ MinangkabauAirport.com] |metric-rwy = y |r1-number = 15/33 |r1-length-m = 2,749 |r1-length-f = 9,020 |r1-surface = [[Aspal]] |footnotes = Sumber: [[Federal Aviation Administration]] |image2=BIM Padangpar.jpg}} [[Gambar:Minangkabau Airport MRD-2.jpg|thumb|right|237px|Tampak depan terminal BIM dari landasan pacu]] [[Gambar:Minangkabau Airport MRD-1.jpg|thumb|right|237px|Landasan pacu BIM tampak dari udara]] <!-- Kode IATA: PDG dipunginakaken déning Papan Anggegana Tabing --> '''Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau''' (kodhe [[IATA]]: '''PDG''', kodhe [[ICAO]]: '''WIPT''') utawi asring dipuncekak '''BIM''' inggih punika [[papan anggegana]] bertaraf nagarantara utama ing provinsi [[Sumatera Barat]] ingkang nglayani penerbangan-penerbangan saking lan dhateng kutha [[Padang]]. Papan Anggegana punika jarakipun antawis 23&nbsp;km saking pusat Kutha [[Padang]] ingkang dunungipun boten ing [[Padang]], nanging wonten ing [[Katapiang, Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman|Ketaping]], [[Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman|Kacamatan Batang Anai]], [[Kabupatèn Padang Pariaman]].<ref name="profil"/> Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau wiwit dipunyasa taun [[2001]], lan dipunoperasikaken kanthi jangkep tanggal 22 [[Juli]] [[2005]] nggantosaken [[Papan Anggegana Sutan Syahrir|Papan Anggegana Tabing]].<ref name="info">{{cite web|url=http://www.minangkabauairport.com/index.php/info-papan|title=Info di situs web resmi Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau|accessdate=2013-02-07|archive-date=2022-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027120857/http://www.minangkabauairport.com/index.php/info-papan|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dipunsukani nama sami kaliyan nama bebrayan ingkang dumunung ing provinsi [[Sumatera Barat]], inggih punika [[Wong Minang|Minangkabau]], BIM minangka papan anggegana angka 1 lan namung satunggal ing donya ingkang migunakaken nama dhedhasar bebrayan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://Indonésia.travel/id/discover-Indonésia/region-detail/23/sumatera-barat|title=Sumatera Barat|work=Situs web resmi mengenai informasi pariwisata dan lelampahan Indonésia|publisher=[[Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ékonomi Kreatif Indonésia]]|accessdate=2013-02-01}}{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Nalika taun [[2006]], papan anggegana punika katetepaken déning [[Kementerian Agama Indonésia|Kementerian Agama]] minangka papan embarkasi lan debarkasi haji kanggé wewengkon provinsi [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Bengkulu]], lan sapérangan [[Jambi]]. Wiwit 1 [[Juli]] [[2012]], jam operasional papan anggegana dipuntambahi déning [[PT Angkasa Pura II]] dumugi jam 24.00 WIB, ingkang sadèrèngipun namung dumugi jam 21.00 WIB.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://us.bisnis.news.viva.co.id/news/read/332164-operasional-4-papan anggegana-ini-diperpanjang|title=Jam Operasional Empat Papan Anggegana Diperpanjang|work=[[VIVAnews]]|date=2012-07-03|accessdate=2013-02-07}}</ref> == Pambangunan == Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau dipunyasa minangka panggantosipun [[Papan Anggegana Tabing]] ingkang sampun boten nyekapi syarat saking segi kaslametan penerbangan sasampunipun 34 taun dipun-ginakaken.<ref name="profil">{{cite web|url=http://www.minangkabauairport.com/index.php/profil|title=Profil di situs web resmi Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau|accessdate=2013-02-07|archive-date=2012-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702133456/http://www.minangkabauairport.com/index.php/profil|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pambangunan papan anggegana punika dipunwiwiti taun [[2001]] kanthi nelasaken béya sakitar 9,4 miliar [[Yèn]], kanthi 10% antawisipun (sakitar 97,6 miliar [[Rupiah]]) minangka pinjaman lunak saking ''Japan Bank International Coorporation'' (JICB). Konstruksinipun nglibataken kontraktor Shimizu lan Marubeni J.O. saking [[Jepang]], lan Adhi Karya saking [[Indonésia]].<ref name="info"/> Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau jumeneng ing lemah wiyaripun 4,27&nbsp;km² kanthi landasan pacu dawanipun 2.750 mèter kanthi amba 45 mèter.<ref name="okezone">{{cite web|url=http://economy.okezone.com/read/2011/07/20/320/482064/papan anggegana-nagarantara-minangkabau-tambah-landasan-pacu|work=[[Okezone.com]]|title=Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau Tambah Landasan Pacu|date=2012-07-20|accessdate=2013-02-07}}</ref> Penerbangan domestik lan nagarantara dipunlayani déning terminal wiyaripun 12.570 m²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscanner.co.id/papan anggegana/pdg/minangkabau-papan anggegana.html|title=Papan Anggegana Minangkabau di situs Skyscanner.co.id|accessdate=2013-02-07}}</ref> ingkang gadhah kapasitas sakitar 2,5 yuta penumpang saben taunipun.<ref>http://www.investor.co.id {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100902154647/http://www.investor.co.id/ |date=2010-09-02 }} [http://www.investor.co.id/home/ap-ii-tuntaskan-pengembangan-6-papan anggegana/39226 AP II Tuntaskan Pengembangan 6 Papan Anggegana]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Papan Anggegana punika minangka papan anggegana ingkang angka 2 ing [[Indonésia]] sabibaripun [[Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Soekarno-Hatta|Soekarno-Hatta]] ingkang pambangunanaipun saking wiwitan. Rencana induk pambangunan papan anggegana punika dipunadani kanthi 3 tahap, tahap angka kalih dipunwiwiti taun [[2010]]. Sasampunipun sadaya pungkasan, dawaning landasan papan anggegana punika bakal katambahan dados 3.600 mèter, ingkang ugi dipunjangkepi kanthi landhasan penghubung (''taxiway'') paralel ing sepanjang landasan.<ref name="fasilitas">{{cite web|url=http://www.minangkabauairport.com/index.php/info-papan|title=Fasilitas di situs web resmi Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau|accessdate=2013-02-07|archive-date=2022-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027120857/http://www.minangkabauairport.com/index.php/info-papan|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Aksés == Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau saged dipunakses migunakaken kendaraan pribadi, punapa kendaraan umum kados bis lan [[taksi]] ingkang beroperasi saben dinten saking kutha [[PAdang]] lan kutha-kutha sanès.<ref name="info"/> Selain itu adapula bus [[Damri]] yang melayani rute BIM—Pasar Raya dan bus Tranex Mandiri rute BIM—[[Lubuk Begalung, Padang|Lubuk Begalung]]. == Maskapé lan Tujuan == Sajumlah penerbangan ingkang dipunlayani papan anggegana punika kados déné kaliyan papan anggegana sadéréngipun, inggih punika [[Papan Anggegana Tabing]]. Kanggé penerbangan domestik, antawisipun kaliyan [[Jakarta]], [[Batam]], [[Medan]], [[Bengkulu]], [[Sungaipenuh]], lan [[Sipora]]. Sawetawis kanggé penerbangan nagarantara inggih punika kaliyan [[Kuala Lumpur]] lan [[Singapura]]. Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau saged nampung [[pesawat]] ingkang ageng kados [[Airbus A300]] utawi MD 11. Kalengkapan fasilitas ingkang bènten sanget kaliyan Papan Anggegana Tabing, kabukti langkung kathah ingkang migunakaken penerbangan ing papan anggegana punik. Dumugi sapunika kacathet kirang langkung sedasa maskapé penerbangan nasional lan kalih maskapé penerbangan asing ingkang samun beroperasi wonten ing papan anggegana punika, antawisipun.<ref name="maskapé">{{cite web|url=http://www.minangkabauairport.com/index.php/informasi-kedatangan-pesawat-papan|title=Informasi kedatangan pesawat di situs web resmi Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau|accessdate=2013-02-07|archive-date=2022-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027120854/http://www.minangkabauairport.com/index.php/informasi-kedatangan-pesawat-papan|url-status=dead}}</ref> Punika pratélan penerbangan langsung lumantar Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau: === Penumpang === {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="float:left; margin-left:1em;" |+'''Papan anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau''' |- |+ Penumpang |- ! style="background:lightgreen" align="center" | No. ! style="background:lightgreen" align="center" | Maskapé ! style="background:lightgreen" align="center" | Destinasi |- | 01. | [[AirAsia]] | [[Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Kuala Lumpur|Kuala Lumpur]] |- | 02. | [[Citilink]] | [[Papan anggegana Hang Nadim|Batam]], [[Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Soekarno-Hatta|Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta]] |- | 03. | [[Garuda Indonésia]] | [[Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Soekarno-Hatta|Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta]], [[Papan anggegana Nagarantara Polonia|Medan]], [[Papan anggegana Sultan Syarif Kasim II|Pekanbaru]] |- | 04. | Garuda Indonésia | Haji: [[Papan Anggegana Nagarantara King Abdul Aziz|Jeddah]] |- | 05. | [[Lion Air]] | [[Papan anggegana Hang Nadim|Batam]], [[Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Soekarno-Hatta|Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta]], [[Papan anggegana Nagarantara Polonia|Medan]] |- | 06. | [[Mandala Airlines]] | [[Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Soekarno-Hatta|Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta]] |- | 07. | Mandala Airlines | [[Singapura]] |- | 08. | [[Merpati Nusantara Airlines|Merpati]] | [[Sungaipenuh]] |- | 09. | [[Sriwijaya Air]] | [[Papan anggegana Hang Nadim|Batam]], [[Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Soekarno-Hatta|Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta]], [[Papan anggegana Nagarantara Polonia|Medan]] |- |10. | [[Susi Air]] | [[Bengkulu]], [[Muko-Muko]], [[Papan anggegana Rokot|Sipora]], [[Pasaman Barat]] |} === Kargo === {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="float:left; margin-left:1em;" |+'''Papan anggegana Nagarantara Minangkabau''' |- |+ Kargo |- ! style="background:lightgreen" align="center" | No. ! style="background:lightgreen" align="center" | Maskapé ! style="background:lightgreen" align="center" | Destinasi |- | 01. | [[Cardig Air|Cardig]] | [[Papan Anggegana Nagarantara Soekarno-Hatta|Jakarta-Soekarno Hatta]] |} == Cathetan suku == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala njaba == {{Commons category|Minangkabau Airport}} * [http://members.bumn-ri.com/angkasapura1/news.html?news_id=8738 Berita dari situs resmi Angkasa Pura I] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928081731/http://members.bumn-ri.com/angkasapura1/news.html?news_id=8738 |date=2007-09-28 }} {{Papan anggegana ing Indonésia}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Minangkabau, Papan anggegana nagarantara}} [[Kategori:Papan anggegana ing Indonésia|Minangkabau]] azx4wqx4x1jpgpjkwfi9zi69j4ny188 0 103034 1752715 1463926 2026-08-16T10:04:54Z Johanxhi 74089 1752715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Fyllingsdalen |other_name = |native_name = <!-- for cities whose native name is not in English --> |nickname = |settlement_type =[[Pratélan désa ing Nurwègen|Désa]] ing [[Nurwègen]] |motto = <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline =Fyllingsdalen, Bergen.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_map = |mapsize = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption =Lokasi ing Nurwègen <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = Negara |subdivision_name = {{flag|Norway}} |subdivision_type1 = [[Pratélan désa ing Nurwègen|Désa]] |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 =[[Wilayah ing Nurwègen|Wilayah]] |subdivision_name2 = |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |<!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref =Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title =Etnis |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone =[[Éropah Wétan Wektu|CET]] |utc_offset =+1 |timezone_DST =[[Éropah Wétan Wektu|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST =+2 | latd = | longd = |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''Fyllingsdalen''' punika [[Pratélan désa ing Nurwègen|dhusun]] ingkang kapernah ing praja [[Nurwègen]]. == Uga delengen == *[[Pratélan désa ing Nurwègen]] ==Réferènsi== {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Désa ing Nurwègen]] {{stub|Éropah}} 1hzzta1tm8h53scyq23t461h66krwdo 0 141614 1752709 1743814 2026-08-16T01:51:05Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox | name = ''Vespa tropica'' | image = Vespa tropica-Kadavoor-2015-10-27-002.jpg | image_caption = tawon diwasa | taxon = Vespa tropica | authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | synonyms = *''Sphex tropica'' <small>Linnaeus,1758</small> *''Vespa cincta'' <small>[[Fabricius]], 1775</small> *''Vespa eulemoides'' <small>du Buysson, 1905</small> }} ''Vespa tropica'' salah siji jinis [[tawon kertas]] saka génus [[Vespa]]. == Dhèskripsi == Tawon buruh ''Vespa tropica'' dawané watara 24–26&nbsp;mm, déné ratune bisa nganti 30&nbsp;mm. Endhasé warna abang/soklat tuwa lan wetengé warna ireng kanthi garis kuning ing ros [[abdomen]] nomer loro. Tawon iki nunggal génus karo [[tawon endhas]] kang asring tinemu ing Indonésia. == Sebaran == ''Vespa tropica'' tinemu ing Asia Kidul, saka Afghanistan nganti tekan ing Singapura lan Flipina lan duwé sipat [[spésies invasif|invasif]], kalapuraké manawa spésiès iki uga wis tinemu ing [[Guam]].<ref name = CNAS/>. == Perilaku == ''Vespa tropica'' ngrampok susuh tawon spésis liya lan njupuk [[larva]]né lan digawa mulih kanggo pakan anaké. ''Vespa tropica'' uga mbedhag [[tawon madu]] lan [[kinjeng]]. Susuh tawon ''Vespa tropica'' lumrahé nggantung ing wit-witan kanthi dhuwur udakara 3 m. Uga biyasa mapan ing ngisor payon omah<ref name = "CNAS">{{cite web | url = http://cnas-re.uog.edu/the-greater-banded-hornet-has-found-its-way-to-guam/ | title = The Greater Banded Hornet Has Found Its Way To Guam | accessdate = 12 April 2017 | publisher = College of Natural and Applied Sciences, [[University of Guam]] | work = CNAS News | archive-date = 12 April 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170412143823/http://cnas-re.uog.edu/the-greater-banded-hornet-has-found-its-way-to-guam/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>.<ref name = Archer>{{cite journal | author = Michael E. Archer | year = 2008 | title = Taxonomy, distribution and nesting biology of species of the genera Provespa Ashmead and Vespa Linnaeus (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) | url = http://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/11518367/Archer%202008b.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1492032635&Signature=ZOCj7wmzBhr2hlvOTZ7yeq5%2Fxv0%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DArcher_2008b_Taxonomy_distribution_and_n.pdf | journal = Entomologists' Monthly Magazine | volume = 144 | issue = 1727 | pages = 69–101}}</ref>. == Rujukan == [[Kategori:Artikel Wiki Mrebawani II kalamangsa 1]] lw5uvby9zqfa57dnswrrwp3w7hqvnqy 0 146826 1752700 1646812 2026-08-15T19:09:06Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752700 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Narutomaki.jpg|jmpl|Narutomaki wonten ing ramen]] {{Nihongo|'''''Narutomaki'''''|鳴門巻き/なると巻き}} utawi {{Nihongo|'''''naruto'''''|ナルト/なると}} inggih punika jinising ''[[kamaboko]]'', utawi ''[[surimi]]'' ingkang dipunproduksi wonten ing Jepang. Saben tugelan naruto punika gadhah pola spiral warni abang/ abrit utawi jambon kadosdene pusaran toya naruto wonten ing [[Selat Naruto]] ing antawisipun [[Pulo Awaji]] lan [[Shikoku]] ing Jepang. Pérangan punika ugi dados inspirasi kanggé nama karakter seri manga populer karya [[Mashahi Kishimoto]], inggih punika ''[[Naturo]]''. Istilah 'Narutomaki' uga dienggo minangka tembung sing ngrujuk marang simbol ("@").<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://cookpad.com/articles/100|title=★激論★　肉じゃがといえば、豚か、牛か!　それとも何か!?　 {{!}} クックパッド|website=クックパッド|accessdate=2015-10-31}}</ref> == Produksi == KuthaYaizu, Shizuoka punika kondhang awit saking produksi naruto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.city.yaizu.lg.jp/suisan-info/tokusan/narutomaki.html |title=Pengenalan narutomaki oleh Kota Yaizu |access-date=2017-12-29 |archive-date=2018-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010011541/http://www.city.yaizu.lg.jp/suisan-info/tokusan/narutomaki.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Panganggenipun == ''Naruto'' punika kanggé tambahan wonten ing mi Jepang kados déné [[ramen]] [[Tokyo]]. Wonten ing sapérangan papan wonten ing Jepang, narutomaki ugi dipunginakaken minangka bahan kanggé [[oden]] lan [[nimono]]. == Referensi == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njawi == * {{ja}} [http://www.raumen.co.jp/home/trivia/07.htm Naruto sebagai taburan pada soba] (Museum Ramen Shin-Yokohama) * {{ja}} [http://www.narutok.com/knowledge.html Pengetahuan pada naruto] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120191833/http://www.narutok.com/knowledge.html |date=2016-01-20 }} (Naruto Kitamura Ltd.) [[Kategori:Olah-olahan Jepang]] [[Kategori:Surimi]] kupd0ylteqimp2vagf1pnf5lyedq48r 0 182820 1752698 1732656 2026-08-15T15:40:58Z InternetArchiveBot 48188 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 1752698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox diocese | jurisdiction = Kabiskopan Agung<!-- Type of jurisdiction: i.e. Diocese or Archdiocese --> | name = Cáceres | latin = Archidiœcesis Cacerensis | local = Arkidiyosesis kan Cáceres <br /><small>Arquidiócesis de Cáceres</small> | image = Coat of arms of the Archdiocese of Caceres.svg | image_size = 250px | image_alt = | caption = Lambang Kabiskopan Agung Caceres <!---- Locations ----> | country = {{flag|Filipina}} | metropolitan = | territory = [[Naga, Camarines Kidul|Naga]] lan [[Gainza, Camarines Kidul|Gainza]], [[Camarines Kidul|Propinsi Camarines Kidul]] | province = Cáceres | coordinates = <!-- Use {{coord}} --> <!---- Statistics ----> | area_km2 = 3.207 | population = 1,339,000 | population_as_of = 2012 | catholics = 1,096,000 | catholics_percent = 79.8 | parishes = <!-- Number of parishes in the diocese --> | churches = <!-- Number of churches in the diocese --> | congregations = <!-- Number of congregations in the diocese --> | schools = <!-- Number of church supported schools in the diocese --> | members = <!-- Number of members in the diocese --> <!---- Information ----> | denomination = [[Katulik Roma]] | sui_iuris_church = [[Greja Latin]] | rite = [[Ritus Roma]] | established = 14 Agustus 1595 (kabiskopan), 29 Juni 1951 (kabiskopan agung) | cathedral = [[Katedral Santo Yohanes Panginjil Naga]] | cocathedral = | patron = [[Bunda saka Peñafrancia]] | priests = <!-- Number of priests in the diocese --> <!---- Current leadership ----> | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> | metro_archbishop = [[Rolando Octavus Joven Tria Tirona]], O.C.D. | bishop_title = Biskop Agung | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = | vicar_general = Rodel Cajot | emeritus_bishops = <!---- Map ----> | map = RC Archdiocese of Nueva Caceres.png | map_alt = | map_caption = Yurisdiksi tahta metropolitan ing Filipina. <!---- Website ----> | website = {{URL|http://www.caceres-naga.org/}} | footnotes = }} '''Kabiskopan Agung Cáceres''' yaiku [[kabiskopan agung]] [[Greja Katulik Roma]] ing [[Filipina]].<ref name=CathHierCaceres>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dccrs.html "Archdiocese of Caceres (Nueva Caceres)"] ''[[Catholic-Hierarchy.org]]''. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016</ref><ref name=GCathCaceres>[http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/cace0.htm "Metropolitan Archdiocese of Caceres"] ''GCatholic.org''. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016</ref> Kabiskopan kasebut menika [[tahta metropolitan]] sing ngeliputi [[wilayah Bicol]], sing secara langsung ngelingkupi distrik kongresional katelu, kapapat lan kalima saka [[Camarines Kidul]]. == Referensi == {{reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * {{official|http://www.caceres-naga.org}} * [http://dioceseofdaet.org/ Official Website of the Diocese of Daet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100428085605/http://dioceseofdaet.org/ |date=2010-04-28 }} * [http://www.cbcponline.net/jurisdictions/legazpi.html/ Diocese of Legazpi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513034514/http://www.cbcponline.net/jurisdictions/legazpi.html |date=2010-05-13 }} * [http://www.libmanan.com/ Diocese of Libmanan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105032648/http://www.libmanan.com/ |date=2014-01-05 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100510030450/http://www.dioceseofmasbate.org/ Official Website of the Diocese of Masbate] * [http://www.cbcponline.net/jurisdictions/sorsogon.html Diocese of Sorsogon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509055359/http://www.cbcponline.net/jurisdictions/sorsogon.html |date=2008-05-09 }} * [http://www.cbcponline.net/virac/ Diocese of Virac] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100617162858/http://www.cbcponline.net/virac/ |date=2010-06-17 }} {{kabiskopan ing Filipina}} {{coord|13.6280|N|123.1870|E|source:wikidata-and-enwiki-cat-tree_region:PH|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Caceres, Kabiskopan}} [[Kategori:Kabiskopan ing Filipina|Caceres]] [[Kategori:Provinsi Grejawi Cáceres]] fmxbe56hojrwqbd8a7i3ezr0ff0xqkv 0 200716 1752711 1752569 2026-08-16T06:49:16Z Auzif 50313 ndandani tata tembung 1752711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television|image=Squid Game 2021 vector logo english.svg|image_alt=English logo of Squid Game|native_name={{Infobox Korean television name|hangul=^오징어 게임}}|genre={{ubl | [[Utopian and dystopian fiction|Dystopian]] | [[Survival film|Survival]]<ref name="genre">{{cite web |url=https://www.dw.com/en/what-distinguishes-squid-game-from-other-survival-thrillers/a-59422159 |title='Squid Game': more than a traditional survival thriller |last=Lehnen |first=Christine |date=October 6, 2021 |website=[[Deutsche Welle]] |access-date=November 1, 2024 |archive-date=June 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621022531/https://www.dw.com/en/what-distinguishes-squid-game-from-other-survival-thrillers/a-59422159 |url-status=live}}</ref> | [[Thriller (genre)#Television|Thriller]]<ref name="genre" /> | [[Korean drama|Drama]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Caruso|first=Skylar|date=October 1, 2021|title= 'Squid Game' : Everything You Need to Know About Netflix's New Korean Drama|url= https://people.com/tv/squid-game-everything-you-need-to-know/ |access-date=July 2, 2025|website=[[People (magazine)|People]]}}</ref> }}|creator=[[Hwang Dong-hyuk]]|writer=Hwang Dong-hyuk|director=Hwang Dong-hyuk|starring={{ubl | [[Lee Jung-jae]] | [[Lee Byung-hun]] | [[Wi Ha-joon]] }}|music=[[Jung Jae-il]]|country=South Korea|language=Korean|num_seasons=3|num_episodes=22|executive_producer={{ubl | Kim Ji-yeon<ref name="credits">{{cite episode |script-title=ko:무궁화 꽃이 피던 날 |trans-title=Red Light, Green Light |series=Squid Game |series-link=Squid Game season 1 |network=[[Netflix]] |date=September 17, 2021 |season=1 |number=1 |language=ko}}</ref> | Hwang Dong-hyuk<ref name="credits" /> }}|producer={{ubl | Han Heung-seok<ref name="credits" /> | Kim Ji-eun (season&nbsp;2)<ref name="credits2">{{cite episode |script-title=ko:빵과 복권 |trans-title=Bread and Lottery |series=Squid Game |series-link=Squid Game season 2 |network=[[Netflix]] |date=December 26, 2024 |season=2 |number=1 |language=ko}}</ref> }}|cinematography={{ubl | Lee Hyung-deok (season&nbsp;1)<ref name="credits" /> | Kim Ji-yong (season&nbsp;2)<ref name="credits2" /> }}|editor=[[Nam Na-yeong]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Catching up with Emmy-nominated "Squid Game" Editor Nam Na-young|url=https://www.filmmakeru.com/blog/squid-game-editor-Nam-Na-Young|website=Filmmaker U|date=August 19, 2022|access-date=August 26, 2022|archive-date=August 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826163238/https://www.filmmakeru.com/blog/squid-game-editor-Nam-Na-Young|url-status=live}}</ref>|camera=[[Multi-camera]]|runtime=33–76 minutes|company=Siren Pictures Inc.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lee|first=Julie|date=August 10, 2021|title=Squid Game invites you to deadly childhood games on September 17|url=https://about.netflix.com/en/news/squid-game-invites-you-to-deadly-childhood-games-on-september-17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811094811/https://about.netflix.com/en/news/squid-game-invites-you-to-deadly-childhood-games-on-september-17|archive-date=August 11, 2021|access-date=August 12, 2021|website=Netflix Media Center}}</ref>|budget={{ubl | {{USD|21.4&nbsp;million}} (season{{nbsp}}1) | {{KRW|100&nbsp;billion}} ({{USD|68.9&nbsp;million}}) (seasons&nbsp;2–3)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ha |first=Soo-jung |date=January 6, 2024 |title= |script-title=ko: 주연 이정재 14억→조연 탑·이서환 3억..'오겜2' 출연료 진실 [Oh!쎈 이슈] |trans-title=Lead actor Lee Jung-jae 1.4 billion → Supporting actors Top and Lee Seo-hwan 300 million.. The truth about the appearance fee for 'Ogame 2' [Oh! Strong Issue] |url=https://m.entertain.naver.com/now/article/109/0005222392 |access-date=January 6, 2024 |website=[[Osen (newspaper)|OSEN]] |language=ko |via=[[Naver]] |archive-date=January 6, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250106083814/https://m.entertain.naver.com/now/article/109/0005222392 |url-status=live }}</ref> }}|network=[[Netflix]]|first_aired={{Start date|2021|9|17}}|last_aired={{End date|2025|6|27}}|related=''[[Squid Game: The Challenge]]''}} <references /> '''Squid Game''' ([[Hangeul|Hangul]]: 오징어 게임; [[Alihaksara Koréa Kang Sinampurna|Latin]]: ''Ojingeo geim'') yaiku serial [[Sandiwara Koréa|sandiwara]] tivi [[griming]] (''thriller'') [[ngudi nyawa]] (''survival'') [[brasthapada]] (''distopia'') sing dicipta, ditulis, lan disutradharani dening [[Hwang Dong-hyuk]] kanggo [[Netflix]]. Serial iki nampilaké tetandhingan winadi saka 456 juru main sing uripé wis poprok, totohan nyawa melu werna-werna dolanan bocah. Sapa-sapa sing kalah ukumané pati, lan sapa-sapa sing menang bisa nampa pituwas cacahé ₩45.6 milyar (US$39.86 yuta). Irah-irahan serial iki, squid, kajupuk saka ''[[Srotong (dolanan)|ojingeo]]'' (srotong) yaiku aran sawijiné dolanan bocah ing Koréa. [[Lee Jung-jae]], minangka [[pramupraga]] (''protagonis'') ing serial iki kanthi jeneng [[Seong Gi-hun]]. Dhèwèké minangka juru paraga utama bebarengan karo [[juru paraga pupulan]] liya. Hwang ngreka crita '''Squid Game''' miturut uripé dhéwé sing sara. Crita iki uga nyorahi [[kapitalisme]] lan [[Katimpangan kelas sosial ing Koréa Kidul.|timpangé kelas sosial ing Koréa Kidul.]]<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=https://variety.com/2021/global/asia/squid-game-director-hwang-dong-hyuk-korean-series-global-success-1235073355/|title='Squid Game' Director Hwang Dong-hyuk on Netflix's Hit Korean Series and Prospects for a Sequel (EXCLUSIVE)|last=Frater|first=Patrick|date=September 24, 2021|work=[[Variety.com]]|access-date=October 7, 2021|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211008/https://variety.com/2021/global/asia/squid-game-director-hwang-dong-hyuk-korean-series-global-success-1235073355/|archive-date=October 8, 2021}}</ref> <ref name="guardian hwang 20211026">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/oct/26/squid-games-creator-rich-netflix-bonus-hwang-dong-hyuk|title=Squid Game's creator: 'I'm not that rich. It's not like Netflix paid me a bonus'|last=Jefferies|first=Stuart|date=October 26, 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026052343/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2021/oct/26/squid-games-creator-rich-netflix-bonus-hwang-dong-hyuk|archive-date=October 26, 2021|access-date=October 26, 2021}}</ref> Sanadyan crita iki ditulis ing 2009, Hwang ora nemokaké [[parusahan kirta]] kanggo mbandhani crita iki nganti Netflix kepencut wetara 2019 nalika Netflix kepengin ngakehaké katalog tongtonan mancanegarané. [[Squid Game mangsa 1|Mangsa kapisan]] '''Squid Game''' dibabar sadonya ing 17 September 2021. Serial iki nampa alembana lan kawigatèn mancanagara. Serial iki minangka [[Pratelan serial Netflix sing paling akèh ditongton|serial Netflix sing paling akèh ditongton]] lan wis nampa [[Pratelan bebungah lan nominasi tinampa dening Squid Game|maneka bebungah]]. Kaya enem [[Primetime Emmy Awards]] lan [[Golden Globe]]. [[Squid Game mangsa 2|Mangsa kapindo]] serial iki dibabar ing 26 Desember 2024, banjur [[Squid Game mangsa 3|mangsa katelu lan mangsa pungkasan]] dibabar ing 27 Juni 2025. Suting kanggo mangsa pungkasan langsung tumandang [[Kirta filem tumutugan|tumutugan]] (''back-to-back'') sarampungé suting mangsa katelu. Sanadyan dianggep ora saapik mangsa kapisan, rong mangsa iki umumé isih nampa biji apik, lan Squid Game wis dadi sawijiné tongtonan [[Unggulan (giyaran)|unggulan]] ing Netflix. b95m4p2hrz6erw3mixy2gem0q6yzp01 0 200739 1752714 1752690 2026-08-16T09:04:26Z Auzif 50313 Pranala ditambahaké 1752714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|image=Project Hail Mary poster.jpg|caption=Poster babaran biyoskup|director=[[Phil Lord and Christopher Miller|Phil Lord<br>Christopher Miller]]|screenplay=[[Drew Goddard]]|based_on={{Based on|''[[Project Hail Mary]]''|[[Andy Weir]]}}|producer={{Plainlist| * [[Amy Pascal]] * [[Ryan Gosling]] * Phil Lord * Christopher Miller * Aditya Sood * Rachel O'Connor * Andy Weir }}|starring=<!-- Per end credits -->{{Plainlist| * Ryan Gosling * [[Sandra Hüller]] * [[James Ortiz]] * [[Lionel Boyce]] }}|cinematography=[[Greig Fraser]]|editing=Joel Negron<ref name="THR">{{cite web |last=Rooney |first=David |title=''Project Hail Mary'' Review: Ryan Gosling Proves He Can Have Chemistry with a Rock in Thrilling Space Odyssey Warmed by Humanity and Hope |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/project-hail-mary-review-ryan-gosling-sandra-huller-1236522665/ |access-date=March 12, 2026 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=March 10, 2026}}</ref>|music=[[Daniel Pemberton]]|studio={{Plainlist| * [[Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer]] * [[Lord Miller Productions]]<ref name="THR"/> * [[Pascal Pictures]] * [[Open Invite Entertainment]] * [[Ken Kao|Waypoint Entertainment]] }}|distributor={{Plainlist| * [[Amazon MGM Studios]] (United States and Canada) * [[Sony Pictures Releasing International]] (International) }}|released={{Film date|2026|3|9|[[Empire Leicester Square]]|2026|3|20|United States}}|runtime=156 minutes<ref>{{cite web |date=February 10, 2026 |title=''Project Hail Mary'' (2026) |url=https://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/9580CF17005CBB56 |access-date=February 10, 2026 |publisher=[[Irish Film Classification Office]]}}</ref>|country={{Plainlist| * United States * United Kingdom }}|language=English|budget={{Plainlist| * $248{{nbsp}}million (gross)<ref name="Puck">{{cite web |last=Mendelson |first=Scott |date=March 3, 2026 |title=Amazon's $200 Million ''Hail Mary'' |url=https://puck.news/project-hail-mary-amazons-200-million-bet-on-non-franchise-films/ |access-date=March 3, 2026 |website=[[Puck (media company)|Puck]] |language=en-US}}</ref> * $200{{nbsp}}million (net)<ref name="Puck"/> }}|gross=$684{{nbsp}}million<ref name="BOM">{{cite Box Office Mojo |title=Project Hail Mary |id=12042730 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |access-date=July 22, 2026}}</ref><ref name="NUM">{{cite The Numbers |id=Project-Hail-Mary-(2026) |access-date=July 22, 2026}}</ref>}} '''Project Hail Mary''' yaiku filem [[rekan èlmiyah]] (''fiksi ilmiah'') dikirta (''diproduksi'') lan disutradharani dening [[Phil Lord lan Christopher Miller|Phil Lord saha Christopher Miller]]. Naskahé ditulis dening [[Drew Goddard]], miturut novèl [[Project Hail Mary]] anggitan [[Andy Weir]] ing 2021. Filem iki dijuruparagani [[Ryan Gosling]] sing uga ngirta filem iki, lan juru paraga pandukung [[Sandra Hüller]], [[James Ortiz]], and [[Lionel Boyce]]. Lakon filem iki nyritakaké Ryland Grace, sawijiné guru pawiyatan madya sing weruh-weruh tangi jroning wahana antariksa tanpa kelingan kepriyé dhèwèké bisa ana ing kana. [[Purwakirta]] tumandang ing 2020, sadurungé novèlé dibabar. Sutingé mapan ing Inggris ing 2024, ing papan nyata uga ing set. Kabèh adegan wahana antariksa ''Hail Mary'' digarap ing set sing diyasa mligi kanggo filem. [[Prawedhar|Prawedharé]] ''Project Hail Mary'' ana ing London ing 9 Maret 2026, banjur dibabar ing Amérika Sarékat dening [[Amazon MGM Studios]] ing 20 Maret 2026. Babaran nagarantara dikemunah dening [[Sony Picture Releasing International.|Sony Picture Releasing]] [[Sony Picture Releasing International.|International.]] Filem iki nampa biji apik. Akèh sing ngelem cara nyutradharaniné Lord lan Miller, akting Gosling lan paraga Rocky. Samana uga banyolan, underan (''tema''), lan visualé. Filem iki kasil ing babagan banijakarma (''komersial''), nampa pikantuk kasar $684 yuta sadonya, lan minangka [[Filem ing taun 2026|filem kapitu kanthi pikantuk kasar paling dhuwur ing 2026]]. 3tognodqrjz772j3gt023jgy2mmc3hd 0 200742 1752697 2026-08-15T14:07:29Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369488991|2026 Venezuela earthquakes]]" 1752697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Earthquake|magnitude={{M|w|link=y|7.2}} and {{M|w|link=y|7.5}} {{small|(USGS)}}<br />{{M|w|link=y|7.6–7.8}} {{small|(INGV and GEOSCOPE)}}{{efn|name=a}}|tsunami={{cvt|4|cm|in}}|depth={{cvt|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}|casualties=>{{val|{{rounddown|6301|-2}}||fmt=commas}} dead, ~{{val|{{rounddown|73356|-2}}||fmt=commas}} injured, {{circa}}18,100–50,000 missing{{efn|name=missing}}|title=Lindhu Venezuela 2026|date=24 Juni 2026|location=10.435°N 68.472°W|countries affected=Venezuela}} Ing 24 Juni 2026, rong lindhu gedhé jinis [[rengkan malang]] (''patahan mendatar'') {{Efn|According to the [[United States Geological Survey]]'s analysis, there were two separate earthquakes, separated by about 40 seconds. Others, like the [[GEOSCOPE Observatory]] and the [[National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology|INGV]], have analyzed the event as a single earthquake with complex seismology, lasting for about two minutes.|name=a}} [[Punjer lindhu|Punjeré lindhu]] kapisan ana ing [[munisipalitas Veroes]], kuloné [[San Felipe (Venezuela)|San Felipe]], kutha krajan praja [[Yaracuy]]. Lindhu kanthi gedhé {{M|w|7.2|link=y}} iki wiwit ing 18.04 [[Wektu ing Venezuela|VET]] lan kalebu [[lindhu wiwitan]] (''gempa permulaan''). Lindhu iki banjur ditut lindhu utama gedhéné Mw 7,5 30 detik sawisé, sing punjeré ana pasisir [[La Guaira]], kuloné [[Catia La Mar]]. Rong lindhu iki marakaké karusakan ing saindhengé nagara, utamané ing kutha krajan [[Caracas]] lan praja La Guaira. Ing rong papan iki wewangunan 80% ajur mumur.<ref name="orinoco">{{Cite news|url=https://orinocotribune.com/venezuela-sets-up-82-temporary-camps-for-earthquake-survivors/|title=Venezuela Sets Up 82 Temporary Camps for Earthquake Survivors|date=8 July 2026|work=Orinoco Tribune|access-date=8 July 2026}}</ref>Ing Augustus 2026, 6.300 wong punjul dilapuraké pati, wetara 73,300 dirumat ing griya sakit, lan 10.000 isih ilang. Tata piranti [[Prompt Assessment of Global Earthquakes for Response]] (PAGER) duwèké [[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) nitikira gunggungé korban pati bisa munjuli lapuran wiwitan, bisa waé ngeluwihi 10.000 wong. [[Lindhu utama]] sing nerak iki minangka lindhu paling banter ing Vènezuéla kawit [[Lindhu San Narcisco taun 1900|lindhu San Narcisco ing 1900]]. nle5v3izsykx22sigxe5k7f42cof5ue 0 200743 1752706 2026-08-16T01:06:49Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367962597|Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]]" 1752706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures|former_name={{ubl|Buena Vista Film Distribution (1953–1960; 1969–1970; 1974)|Buena Vista Distribution (1960–1969; 1970–1974; 1975–1987)|Buena Vista Pictures Distribution (1987–2007)}}|logo=[[File:Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures logo.svg|frameless|class=logo-nobg]]|logo_size=220px|logo_caption=Logo diguna kawit 2007|image=Disney studios burbank entrance gate buena vista.jpg|image_caption=Wangunan duwèké [[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|Walt Disney Studios]]' [[Riverside Drive (Los Angeles)|Riverside Drive]] ing [[Burbank, California]]|type=[[Division (business)|Division]]|parent=[[Disney Entertainment]]|key_people=Andrew Cripps ([[Executive vice president|EVP]])|founded={{start date and age|1953|6|23}}|founder=[[Walt Disney]]|hq_location=[[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|500 South Buena Vista Street]]|hq_location_city=[[Burbank, California]]|hq_location_country=U.S.|industry=[[Filem]]|services={{ubl|[[Film distribution]]|[[Film promotion]]}}|divisions={{Plainlist| * Walt Disney Studios Marketing * Worldwide Special Events }}|footnotes=<ref>{{cite web|last=Rubin|first=Rebecca|date=March 3, 2025|title=Disney Hires Former Warner Bros. Executive Andrew Cripps as Head of Theatrical Distribution|url=https://variety.com/2025/film/news/disney-theatrical-distribution-andrew-cripps-warner-bros-executive-1236326146/|access-date=March 25, 2025|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=October 4, 2023 |title=Disney Launches 'Wish Together' Campaign To Celebrate ''Wish'' and Long-Standing Relationship with Make-A-Wish® |url=https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/disney-wish-together-campaign-make-a-wish/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006055727/https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/disney-wish-together-campaign-make-a-wish/ |archive-date=October 6, 2023 |access-date=April 24, 2024 |publisher=[[The Walt Disney Company]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 22, 2019 |title=''FIRST'' and ''Star Wars: Force for Change'' Launch 'Build My Droid' Contest |url=https://www.starwars.com/news/build-my-droid-contest-announce |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023041803/https://www.starwars.com/news/build-my-droid-contest-announce |archive-date=October 23, 2019 |access-date=April 24, 2024 |website=[[StarWars.com]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=AMC Rebellion Prize Pack Sweepstakes |url=https://www.amctheatres.com/giveaway/rebellion-prize-pack |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230514141921/https://www.amctheatres.com/giveaway/rebellion-prize-pack |archive-date=May 14, 2023 |access-date=April 24, 2024 |publisher=[[AMC Theatres]]}}</ref>}} <references /> '''Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures''' yaiku [[panganjrah filem]] (''distributor film'') jroning taningan (''divisi'') [[Disney Entertainment]] duwèké [[Walt Disney Company]]. <ref name="Bloomberg">{{Cite news|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=27830118|title=Company Overview of Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Inc.|work=Bloomberg Businessweek|access-date=February 10, 2013|archive-date=April 7, 2013}}</ref> Parusahan iki ngurusi panjrahan kanggo biyoskup lan kadhang panjrahan dhigital, pamasaran, lan grenawarta (''promosi'') kanggo filem-filem garapan uga babaran [[Walt Disney Studios]], kalebu [[Walt Disney Pictures]], [[Disney Original Documentary]] (namung babaran biyoskup winates), [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]], [[Pixar]], [[Marvel Studios]], [[Lucasfilm]], [[20th Century Studios]] lan [[Searchlight Pictures]], sanajan ékan (''unit'') sinebut ing pungkasan ngemunah ékan panganjrah lan pamasarané dhéwé ing Amérika Sarékat.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2022/01/domestic-box-office-2021-marketshare-disney-sony-1234904531/|title=Disney Claims $1.17B, While Sony Says $1B+: The Conundrum Of The 2021 Domestic Box Office Marketshare|last=D'Alessandro|first=Anthony|date=January 4, 2022|work=Deadline|access-date=January 4, 2022|archive-date=January 4, 2022}}</ref> Parusahan iki wiwit diadegaké dening [[Walt Disney]] ing 1953 kanthi jeneng '''Buena Vista Film Distribution Company Inc.''', banjur salin jeneng '''Buena Vista Distribution Inc.''' lan '''Buena Vista Pictures Distribution Inc.'''.Parusahan iki maguna jeneng kaya sapréné wiwit pungkasan 2007.<ref name="bbg">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a0MG17nO.PG8|title=Disney to Drop Buena Vista Brand Name, People Say (Update1)|last=Fixmer|first=Andy|date=April 25, 2007|access-date=November 28, 2012|archive-date=January 4, 2014|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|bloomberg.com]]}}</ref> <ref name="nysdos">{{Cite web|url=https://appext20.dos.ny.gov/corp_public/CORPSEARCH.ENTITY_INFORMATION?p_nameid=105258&p_corpid=86298&p_entity_name=Buena%20Vista&p_name_type=%25&p_search_type=BEGINS&p_srch_results_page=1|title=Buena Vista Pictures Distribution, INC.|website=Entity Information|publisher=New York State Department of State|archive-date=August 11, 2014|access-date=April 16, 2013}}</ref> 1ad82g4gt5xu8pyxdusgihjr4wcg1m3 0 200744 1752707 2026-08-16T01:33:51Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369362151|The Walt Disney Studios (division)]]" 1752707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=The Walt Disney Studios<!-- NOTE: Do not change this to "Disney Studios Content". A change in their website's name does not indicate a change in the division's name. -->|logo=Walt Disney Studios Logo.svg|logo_size=220px|image=Walt Disney Studios Alameda Entrance.jpg|image_size=250px|image_caption=[[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|Walt Disney Studios]] ing [[Burbank, California]] dipotret sawetara 2016.|type=[[Division (business)|Division]]|industry=[[Entertainment industry|Entertainment]]|founded={{Start date and age|1923|10|16}}|former_name=Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group (1998–2007)|predecessor={{Plainlist| * Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group (1998–2007) }}|hq_location=[[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|The Walt Disney Studios]]|hq_location_city=[[Burbank, California]]|hq_location_country=U.S.|num_locations=8 <!-- The Walt Disney Studios, Golden Oak Ranch, Prospect Studios, KABC7 Studio B, Fox Studios (leased); El Capitan Entertainment Centre, New Amsterdam Theatre; Disneynature France HQ -->|num_locations_year=2019|area_served=Worldwide|key_people={{Plainlist| *Alan Bergman ([[Chairperson|Chairman]], [[Disney Entertainment]], Studios) }}|products={{Plainlist| * [[Motion pictures]] * [[Stage productions]] }}|services=[[Film production]]|parent=[[Disney Entertainment]]|divisions=[[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]|website={{URL|https://www.disneystudios.com/|disneystudios.com}}|footnotes=<ref name="Littleton">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/disney-fox-deal-complete-1203167374/|title=Disney Closes $71 Billion 21st Century Fox Deal|work=Variety|access-date=March 27, 2019|date=March 19, 2020|first=Cynthia|last=Littleton}}</ref><ref name="dl3"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=01912348-26037399|title=California Business Corporations - Fox Searchlight Pictures, Inc|date=April 4, 2019|access-date=April 30, 2019|archive-date=March 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323235729/https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=01912348-26037399|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} '''Walt Disney Studios''' yaiku taningan (''divisi'') saka juring (''segmen'') usaha [[Disney Entertainment]] duwèké [[Walt Disney Company]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot_article.asp?ticker=DIS&page=8|title=Walt Disney Co: Company Description|publisher=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|archive-date=June 28, 2013|access-date=May 5, 2013}}</ref> Parusahan iki kawentar amarga ndarbé maneka [[sanggar filem]] ing jeroné. Adeg nalika 16 Oktober 1923, parusahan iki minangka sanggar filem paling gedhé ing [[Hollywood]], <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/18/business/media/disney-abc-jimmy-kimmel.html|title=Disney Pulled Jimmy Kimmel as Pressure Built on Multiple Fronts|last=Koblin|first=John|date=September 18, 2025|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 22, 2025|last2=Barnes|first2=Brooks|last3=Mullin|first3=Benjamin|last4=Grynbaum|first4=Michael}}</ref> sing mapan ing pasanggaran (''studio lot'') [[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|Walt Disney Studios]] ing [[Burbank, California]]. Parusahan iki uga minangka sanggar filem paling tuwa kapitu sadonya lan paling tuwa kalima ing Amérika Sarékat, anggota [[Motion Picture Association]] (MPA),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motionpictures.org/who-we-are/|title=Who We Are|website=[[Motion Picture Association]]|access-date=September 20, 2019}}</ref> tur siji saka “Limang Gedhé” [[Sanggar-sanggar filem utama|sanggar filem utama]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/big-six-movie-studios-4151130|title=The History of Hollywood's Major Movie Studios|last=McKittrick|first=Christopher|date=February 9, 2019|website=[[ThoughtCo]]|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=March 23, 2019}}</ref> Walt Disney Studios ndarbé parusahan-parusahan panggarap filem kawentar kaya [[Walt Disney Pictures]], [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]], [[Pixar Animation Studios|Pixar]], [[Marvel Studios]], [[Lucasfilm]], [[20th Century Fox|20th Century Studios]], lan [[Searchlight Pictures]]. [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] nganjrah (''mendistribusikan'') lan masaraké sapérangan gedhé momotan (''konten'') sing digarap dening sanggar-sanggar iki kanggo panayangan ing biyoskup tur kanggo [[Disney Streaming|leladi wilenan]] (''streaming service''). Ing taun 2029, Disney nyathet rekor samukriya (''industri'') cacahé $13.2 milyar filem laris (''box office'') sadonya. <ref name="DisneyBO2019">{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/disney-global-box-office-year-record-2019-13-billion-1202819721/|title=Disney's Global Box Office Year: Mouse Roars To $13.2B; A Record Not Likely To Be Seen Again Soon|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|date=January 2, 2020|website=Deadline|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> Sanggar iki ndarbé wolu saka sapuluh [[Pratelan filem kanthi pikantuk kasar paling dhuwur|filem kanthi pikantuk kasar paling dhuwur]] sadonya ing sakabehing mangsa, uga wetara waralaba [[Pratelan filem kanthi pikantuk kasar paling dhuwur|filem kanthi pikantuk kasar paling dhuwuring]] sakabehé mangsa. g8puegb6dz7qqz63nfexttq9o8j0qxz 1752708 1752707 2026-08-16T01:36:51Z Auzif 50313 /* */ 1752708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=The Walt Disney Studios<!-- NOTE: Do not change this to "Disney Studios Content". A change in their website's name does not indicate a change in the division's name. -->|logo=Walt Disney Studios Logo.svg|logo_size=220px|image=Walt Disney Studios Alameda Entrance.jpg|image_size=250px|image_caption=[[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|Walt Disney Studios]] ing [[Burbank, California]] dipotret sawetara 2016.|type=[[Division (business)|Division]]|industry=[[Entertainment industry|Entertainment]]|founded={{Start date and age|1923|10|16}}|former_name=Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group (1998–2007)|predecessor={{Plainlist| * Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group (1998–2007) }}|hq_location=[[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|The Walt Disney Studios]]|hq_location_city=[[Burbank, California]]|hq_location_country=U.S.|num_locations=8 <!-- The Walt Disney Studios, Golden Oak Ranch, Prospect Studios, KABC7 Studio B, Fox Studios (leased); El Capitan Entertainment Centre, New Amsterdam Theatre; Disneynature France HQ -->|num_locations_year=2019|area_served=Worldwide|key_people={{Plainlist| *Alan Bergman ([[Chairperson|Chairman]], [[Disney Entertainment]], Studios) }}|products={{Plainlist| * [[Motion pictures]] * [[Stage productions]] }}|services=[[Film production]]|parent=[[Disney Entertainment]]|divisions=[[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]|website={{URL|https://www.disneystudios.com/|disneystudios.com}}|footnotes=<ref name="Littleton">{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2019/biz/news/disney-fox-deal-complete-1203167374/|title=Disney Closes $71 Billion 21st Century Fox Deal|work=Variety|access-date=March 27, 2019|date=March 19, 2020|first=Cynthia|last=Littleton}}</ref><ref name="dl3"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=01912348-26037399|title=California Business Corporations - Fox Searchlight Pictures, Inc|date=April 4, 2019|access-date=April 30, 2019|archive-date=March 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323235729/https://businesssearch.sos.ca.gov/Document/RetrievePDF?Id=01912348-26037399|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} '''Walt Disney Studios''' yaiku taningan (''divisi'') saka juring (''segmen'') usaha [[Disney Entertainment]] duwèké [[Walt Disney Company]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot_article.asp?ticker=DIS&page=8|title=Walt Disney Co: Company Description|publisher=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]]|archive-date=June 28, 2013|access-date=May 5, 2013}}</ref> Parusahan iki kawentar amarga ndarbé maneka [[sanggar filem]] ing jeroné. Adeg nalika 16 Oktober 1923, parusahan iki minangka sanggar filem paling gedhé ing [[Hollywood]], <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/18/business/media/disney-abc-jimmy-kimmel.html|title=Disney Pulled Jimmy Kimmel as Pressure Built on Multiple Fronts|last=Koblin|first=John|date=September 18, 2025|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=September 22, 2025|last2=Barnes|first2=Brooks|last3=Mullin|first3=Benjamin|last4=Grynbaum|first4=Michael}}</ref> sing mapan ing pasanggaran (''studio lot'') [[Walt Disney Studios (Burbank)|Walt Disney Studios]] ing [[Burbank, California]]. Parusahan iki uga minangka sanggar filem paling tuwa kapitu sadonya lan paling tuwa kalima ing Amérika Sarékat, anggota [[Motion Picture Association]] (MPA),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.motionpictures.org/who-we-are/|title=Who We Are|website=[[Motion Picture Association]]|access-date=September 20, 2019}}</ref> tur siji saka “Limang Gedhé” [[Sanggar-sanggar filem utama|sanggar filem utama]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/big-six-movie-studios-4151130|title=The History of Hollywood's Major Movie Studios|last=McKittrick|first=Christopher|date=February 9, 2019|website=[[ThoughtCo]]|archive-date=April 14, 2019|access-date=March 23, 2019}}</ref> Walt Disney Studios ndarbé parusahan-parusahan panggarap filem kawentar kaya [[Walt Disney Pictures]], [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]], [[Pixar Animation Studios|Pixar]], [[Marvel Studios]], [[Lucasfilm]], [[20th Century Fox|20th Century Studios]], lan [[Searchlight Pictures]]. [[Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures]] nganjrah (''mendistribusikan'') lan masaraké sapérangan gedhé momotan (''konten'') sing digarap dening sanggar-sanggar iki kanggo panayangan ing biyoskup tur kanggo [[Disney Streaming|leladi wilenan]] (''streaming service'') duwèké parusahan. Ing taun 2029, Disney nyathet rekor samukriya (''industri'') cacahé $13.2 milyar filem laris (''box office'') sadonya. <ref name="DisneyBO2019">{{Cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/disney-global-box-office-year-record-2019-13-billion-1202819721/|title=Disney's Global Box Office Year: Mouse Roars To $13.2B; A Record Not Likely To Be Seen Again Soon|last=Tartaglione|first=Nancy|date=January 2, 2020|website=Deadline|access-date=May 30, 2020}}</ref> Sanggar iki ndarbé wolu saka sapuluh [[Pratelan filem kanthi pikantuk kasar paling dhuwur|filem kanthi pikantuk kasar paling dhuwur]] sadonya ing sakabehing mangsa, uga wetara waralaba [[Pratelan filem kanthi pikantuk kasar paling dhuwur|filem kanthi pikantuk kasar paling dhuwuring]] sakabehé mangsa. rgml6isu2szr06sd8dhe6go6akoh95i 0 200745 1752710 2026-08-16T03:27:42Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:id:Special:Redirect/revision/29141540|Suroboyo Bus]]" 1752710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bus company|name=Suroboyo Bus|logo=Suroboyo bus (vector).svg|logo_size=50px|image=Armada Suroboyo Bus Koridor R5 di Halte Puri City.jpg|image_size=300px|image_caption=Sawijiné bus koridor R5/R6 Suroboyo Bus|founded=7 April 2018|headquarters='''Gedung PNR Mayjen Sungkono,'''<br>Jalan Mayjen Sungkono Nomor 122, [[Gunung Sari, Dukuh Pakis, Surabaya|Kelurahan Gunungsari]], [[Dukuh Pakis, Surabaya|Kecamatan Dukuh Pakis]], [[Kota Surabaya]], [[Jawa Timur|Provinsi Jawa Timur]], Kodepos 60224|service_area=[[Surabaya]]|service_type=Bus perkotaan modern|operator=UPT Pengelolaan Transportasi Umum Surabaya|routes=4 rute|map_name=Peta jaringan|map=[[File:Map Transport of Surabaya.png|300px]]}} '''Suroboyo Bus''' yaiku [[Leladi (ékonomi)|leladi]] '''angkudan pakuthan modhèren''' duwèké ''[[Pemerintah Kota Surabaya]]'' sing wiwit lumaku kawit taun 2018, lan dikemunah dening ''Dinas Perhubungan Kota Surabaya'' lumantar ''UPTD Pengelolaan Transportasi Umum.'' '''Suroboyo Bus''' ndarbé 4 rute leladi, rute kapisan ana [[Rute 1 Suroboyo Bus|Rute 1]] jurusan [[Terminal Purabaya]]–[[Plabuhan Tanjung Pérak]] sing dibukak ing tanggal 7 April 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Kusuma|first=Brawijaya B|date=2020|title=Suroboyo Bus Sebagai Angkutan Umum Di Surabaya Berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 22 Tahun 2009 Tentang Lalu Lintas Dan Angkutan Jalan|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342554890_Suroboyo_Bus_Sebagai_Angkutan_Umum_Di_Surabaya_Berdasarkan_Undang-Undang_No_22_Tahun_2009_Tentang_Lalu_Lintas_Dan_Angkutan_Jalan|website=Research Gate|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref> Kanthi tarif Rp5.000,00 leladi iki lumaku kawit gebug 05.30 nganti 21.00.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Dishub Surabaya|first=|date=2019|title=Peraturan Wali kota Nomor 07 Tahun 2019 Tentang Pembentukan dan Susunan Organisasi Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas Pengelolaan Transportasi Umum Pada Dinas Perhubungan Kota Surabaya|url=https://jdih.surabaya.go.id/t_detail?prokum=3525|website=JDIH Surabaya|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Putri|first=Firda Aprilian|date=2020|title=Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Suroboyo Bus di Dinas Perhubungan Kota Surabaya|url=https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/publika/article/view/35604|website=Jurnal Mahasiswa Unesa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613123024/https://jurnalmahasiswa.unesa.ac.id/index.php/publika/article/view/35604|archive-date=2021-06-13|dead-url=yes|access-date=2021-06-13}}</ref> Suroboyo Bus dirantam minangka tata tetumpakan umum sing kepenak lan nyengkuyung kapreluan warga kutha Surabaya. Nanging, sanadyan karan [[Bis raya tumunggal|BRT]], Suroboyo Bus ora kalebu bis raya tumunggal (BRT), amarga didurung cocog karo wetara bebakon kang dipatrap dening ''[[Institute for Transportation and Development Policy]]'' (ITDP).<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tim ITDP|first=|date=2021|title=Bus Rapid Transit|url=https://www.itdp-indonesia.org/bus-rapid-transit/|website=ITDP Indonesia|access-date=2021-06-14}}</ref> Suroboyo Bus uga ndarbè leladi pangumpan yaiku [[Wirawiri Suroboyo]]. Suroboyo bus beda karo angkudan pakuthan liya. Amarga panumpang uga bisa mbayar karcis kanthi cara ngijolaké uwuh botol plastik.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/153977-naik-suroboyo-bus-berbayar-sampah-plastik|title=Naik Suroboyo Bus Berbayar Sampah Plastik|last=Taselan|first=Faishol|date=2018-04-09|newspaper=[[Media Indonesia]]|publisher=[[Media Group]]|location=[[Surabaya]]|language=id|access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> eqhgo634xmny2svu5keyajdwlb7oitw 0 200746 1752712 2026-08-16T07:31:31Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368669449|Colony (2026 film)]]" 1752712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|image=Colony (2026 film) poster.png|alt=|caption=poster babaran biyoskup|director=[[Yeon Sang-ho]]|writer={{Plainlist| * Yeon Sang-ho * {{ill|Choi Gyu-seok|ko|최규석}} }}|producer=Yoomin Hailey Yang|starring={{Plainlist| * [[Jun Ji-hyun]] * [[Koo Kyo-hwan]] * [[Ji Chang-wook]] * [[Kim Shin-rok]] * [[Shin Hyun-been]] * [[Go Soo]] }}|cinematography=Byun Bong-sun|editing=Han Mee-yeon|music=Chai Min-joo|studio={{Plainlist| * Wow Point * [[Smilegate]] }}|distributor=[[Showbox]]|released={{Film date|2026|05|15|[[2026 Cannes Film Festival|Cannes]]|2026|05|21|South Korea}}|runtime=123 minutes<ref>{{Cite web|title=''Colony'' (15)|url= https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/colony-q29sbgvjdglvbjpwwc0xmte4mdg1|publisher=[[British Board of Film Classification]]|date=July 3, 2026|access-date=July 7, 2026}}</ref>|country=South Korea|language=Korean|budget={{KRW|17}}{{nbsp}}billion<br />{{nowrap|(~{{US$|12|long=no}}{{nbsp}}million)}}<ref name="THR" />|gross=$50{{nbsp}}million<ref>{{cite web|title=Colony (2026) |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Colony-(2026-South-Korea) |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |access-date=August 10, 2026}}</ref><ref name="BOM" />}} '''Colony''' ([[Hangeul|Hangul]]: 군체) yaiku filem [[Film laga|laga]] [[Filim jirih|jirih]] (''horor'') Koréa Kidul sing disutradharani dening [[Yeon Sang-ho]]. Naskahé ditulis dening dhèwèké bebarengan karo {{Interlanguage link|Choi Gyu-seok|ko|최규석}} Filem iki dijuruparagani [[Jun Ji Hyun|Jun Ji-hyun]], [[Koo Kyo-hwan]], [[Ji Chang-wook]], [[Kim Shin-rok]], [[Shin Hyun-been]], lan [[Go Soo]]. Lakon filem nyritakaké rekasa lan aboté para pangudi nyawa sing kajebag jroning gedhong, dikarantina ing tengah pageblug sing ora dimangertèni. Para pangudi nyawa iki tarung lumawan makluk kainfeksi sing terus owah tanpa bisa dinuga. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/f/gun-che/|title=GUN-CHE|website=Festival de Cannes|language=fr-FR|access-date=May 6, 2026}}</ref> [[Prawedhar]] donya filem iki ana ing acara ''Midnight Screenings'' jroning [[Pistaraya Filem Cannes 2026]] ing 15 Mei 2026. Dianjrah (''didistribusikan'') dening [[Showbox]], lan dibabar ing biyoskup Koréa Kidul ing 21 Mei 2026. m5e9xbdoujop4hg9n2m9u8ckay6h81h 0 200747 1752713 2026-08-16T08:46:26Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1367964748|Pressure (2026 film)]]" 1752713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|image=Pressure poster.jpeg|caption=Poster babaran biyoskup|director=[[Anthony Maras]]|producer={{Plainlist| * [[Tim Bevan]] * [[Eric Fellner]] * Cass Marks * Lucas Webb }}|screenplay={{plainlist| * [[David Haig]] * Anthony Maras }}|based_on={{Based on|''[[Pressure (play)|Pressure]]''|David Haig}}|starring={{Plainlist| * [[Andrew Scott (actor)|Andrew Scott]] * [[Brendan Fraser]] * [[Kerry Condon]] * [[Chris Messina]] * [[Damian Lewis]] }}|music=[[Volker Bertelmann]]|cinematography=[[Jamie D. Ramsay]]|editing=Anthony Maras|distributor={{Plainlist| * [[StudioCanal]] }}|released={{Film date|df=yes|2026|5|29|United States|2026|9|11|United Kingdom}}|runtime=100 minutes<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 March 2026 |title=''Pressure'' (2026) |url=https://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/0D04DC9C0054B193 |access-date=24 March 2026 |website=[[Irish Film Classification Office]] |language=en |archive-date=April 23, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260423221808/https://www.ifco.ie/en/ifco/pages/0D04DC9C0054B193 |url-status=live }}</ref>|country={{Plainlist| * United Kingdom * France }}|language=English|budget=$30 million<ref>{{Cite web |last=Northrup |first=Ryan |date=2026-06-15 |title=Brendan Fraser’s New World War II Thriller Officially Releases On Digital Tomorrow After Impressive Box Office Run |url=https://screenrant.com/brendan-fraser-pressure-movie-digital-release-date/ |access-date=2026-06-26 |website=ScreenRant |language=en}}</ref>|gross=$19 million<ref name="BOM">{{Cite web |title=Pressure |url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1418493953/?ref_=bo_we_table_14 |access-date=June 26, 2026 |website=[[Box Office Mojo]] |archive-date=May 23, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260523123625/https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl1418493953/?ref_=bo_we_table_14 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="NUM">{{Cite web |title=Pressure - Financial Information |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Pressure-(2026-United-Kingdom) |access-date=June 25, 2026 |website=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]] |archive-date=May 23, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260523123625/https://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Pressure-(2026-United-Kingdom) |url-status=live }}</ref>}} '''Pressure''' yaiku filem [[Sandiwara (filem lan télévisi)|sandiwara perang]] sing disutradharani lan dibesut dening [[Anthony Maras]]. Naskah filem iki ditulis dening Maras lan [[David Haig]], sing diusung saka [[Pressure (sandiwara panggung)|sandiwara panggung]] anggitané Haig ing 2014. Juru paraga filem iki ana [[Andrew Scott]] minangka meteorologikawan [[James Stagg]], lan [[Brendan Fraser]] minangka [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]. Filem iki nyeritakaké rong paraga kasebut nalika ngrantam [[pandharatan Normandia]] ing [[Perang Donya II]]. Saliyané kuwi uga ana juru paraga [[Kerry Condon]], [[Chris Messina]], lan [[Damian Lewis]]. Filem iki dibabar ing Amérika Sarékat ing 29 Mei 2026, lan dibabar ing Inggris tanggal 11 Sèptèmber 2016. Filem iki umumé dibiji apik dening para kritikawan. 4mkyg91iyes2q2ac30g5a09ksvv2mkv