Wikipédia jvwiki https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Pendhapa MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipédia Parembugan Wikipédia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori Gapura Parembugan Gapura TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 23784 1752733 1689961 2026-08-17T02:55:47Z CommonsDelinker 319 Replacing Bijeljina_municipality.svg with [[File:BiH_municipality_location_Bijeljina.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) · To harmonize th 1752733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> |settlement_type = |subdivision_type = [[Pratélan nagara|Nagara]] |subdivision_name =[[Bosnia-Herzegovina]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Pamérangan pulitik Bosnia-Herzegovina|Èntitas]] |subdivision_name1 = Republika Srpska |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |timezone=[[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |unit_pref= |map_caption =Lokasi {{PAGENAME}} ing Bosnia-Herzegovina |latNS=N |longEW=E |population_as_of= [[1991]] |native_name = Бијељина |official_name = Bijeljina |other_name = |image_shield = BN bijeljina logo.png |image_map = BiH municipality location Bijeljina.svg |population_footnotes=KAPAK |area_total_km2 = 734|population_blank1 = 100,000|population_blank1_title=Municipality| |population_total = 96,796 ||parts_type=Settlements| parts = |latd=44|latm=45 |longd=19|longm=13 |area_code = 55 |website = [http://www.sobijeljina.com/ www.sobijeljina.com] |footnotes = ||leader_title=[[Mayor]]| leader_name = Mićo Mićić ([[Serbian Democratic Party|SDS]]) [http://www.izbori.ba/documents/Rezultati%20izbora%202004/Utvrdjeni/2004NacelniciRS.pdf] |leader_party = | |}} '''Bijeljina''' ([[Abjad Sirilik Serbia|Sirilik]]: Бијељина) iku [[kutha]] lan munisipal ing lor-wétan [[Republika Srpska]], [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]. Kutha iki dumunung ing dhataran rata lan subur ing [[Semberija]]. Bijeljina iku {{convert|6|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} saka tapel wates [[Serbia]], {{convert|40|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} saka [[Kroasia]] lan {{convert|35|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} saka [[Federasi Bosnia Herzegovina]]. <!-- ==Architecture== The oldest building in Bijeljina is the [[Serbian Orthodox]] [[Saint George]] church (Svetog Djordja) which was built in 1872. The second oldest building is the Semberija Museum which was built in 1876. The city park (Gradski Park) was founded in 1892. ==Transportation== There is only one railway line in Bijeljina. That Railway Line stretches from Bijeljina to [[Šid]] in [[Serbia]]. From Šid you join a line where you can go east towards [[Belgrade]] or go west to Croatia. Bijeljina also has an airfield. ==Geography== Semberija is a flat region which is bound by the rivers Sava, Drina and the Majevica mountains. The entire Semberija area is typically an agricultural region which has fertile land and suitable weather conditions. Semberija has the most developed agricultural area in Republika Srpska. The focus of the production is on wheat and corns, vegetables, cabbage, paprika, tomato and water-melon. Also, cattle-breeding (fattening of cows and pigs) and growing fruits. <gallery> Image:Raca RS Table.jpg|Sign at Raca after crossing the border from Serbia (Sava river) Image:Pavlovic bridge.jpg|Pavlović Bridge (River [[Drina]]) Image: | . </gallery> ==Tourism== Bijeljina holds many events. Bijeljina holds an international Folklore Festival known as [[Semberija folk fest]], Rhythm of Europe. The aim of the Festival is to cherish and promote the folklore tradition of the people from all over the world. Banja Dvorovi is also a popular tourist destination. It has swimming pools and restaurants. Also located in Banja Dvorovi is the hotel Sveti Stefan (Saint Stefan). Ethno village Stanišić is a well known tourist location in the country. Ethno village Stanišici takes people back in time making people closer to nature and ancestors, and making people admire the simplicity of rural life of the past. Ethno village Stanišić contains the Serbian Orthodox Monastery Sveti Nikola (St Nicolas), Hotel Pirg, and ethno restaurant. <gallery> Image:SemberijaFolkFest2006.jpg|SKUD Semberija at the Semberija folk fest in Bijeljina 2006 Image:Etnoselostanisic.jpg|Ethno village Stanišić Image: | . </gallery> ==History== [[Image:Trg Kralju Petru Karadjordjevicu I.jpg|thumb|270px|Petar Karadjordjevic I monument. He was the King of Serbia from 1903-1918.]] [[Image:Serbia1809.png|270px|thumb|Serbia in 1809, during the First Serbian Uprising against Ottoman Empire. Bijeljina is located in top left corner]] Although the name Bijeljina was first mentioned in 1446, this name was in use only after 1918. During Austro-Hungarian period, the town had the name Bjelina and, before that, Belina or Bilina. In 1838 the first osnovna škola konfesionalna tipa was opened. A modern school building was built in 1902. In this school worked [[Jovan Dučić]] between 1893-1895.<ref>[http://www.oaza.co.yu/bijeljina/skolstvo-s.htm Bijeljina na Internetu - skolstvo --> <!-- Bot generated title --> <!-- ]</ref> Jovan Dučić was a famous Hercegovinian Serb poet, writer and diplomat. Today a street in central Bijeljina is named after him. In front of the city hall is a statue of King Petar Karadjordjevic. The monument is of the Serbian king from 1903-1918. During the [[Second World War]] the [[Ustaše]] removed it. After World War Two the communist government refused to return the monument. The first non-communist local government returned the monument in the early 1990s. === Monastery Tavna === The Tavna Monastery is located in the southern part of the Bijeljina municipality. The date of foundation is hidden somewhere in the shadows of the far past. The cronichles of monasteries Tronosha and Pech say it was built by Dragutin's sons Vladislav i Urosic. [[Stefan Dragutin]] was the King of Serbia from 1276 to 1282 and king of [[Srem]] from 1282 to 1316. The present church of monastery Tavna, is built in the same place as the original one. The Tavna Monastery is older than the other monasteries in the region such as Ozrena, Liplja, Vozuce and Gostovica. Tavna was damaged in the first years of Turkish rule, but was restored by the people. This was not the only time the monastery was damaged. It was damaged many times during the Turkish period and also during World War Two. Between 1941 and 1945 Tavna was bombed by the [[Ustase]]. On one of the gravestones it says "Zdravko Jovacnovic Killed 1943 by the Ustasa Blue Division protecting and defending the monastery". After World War Two Tavna was rebuilt. <ref>[http://www.bijeljina.net/tavna/indexe.htm Tavna monastery / english lang --> <!-- Bot generated title --> <!-- ]</ref> <gallery> Image:Manastir Tavna 1.jpg|Monastery Tavna. Image:Manastir Tavna inside.jpg|Inside Monastery Tavna. Image:Manastir Tavna inside 2.jpg| Image: | . </gallery> === Bosnian War === In 1991-1992 Bijeljina was the center of the local Serb Autonomous Region, organized by the local Serb authorities - [[SAO Semberija i Majevica]]. During the [[War in Bosnia and Herzegovina]], Bijeljina saw a significant demographic change. Before the war, the town contained [[Serbs]] and [[Bosniaks]], while its vicinity consisted of mostly Serbian villages, except for the large village of Janja. Bijeljina was one of the first places to be dragged into the war, being located at a key strategic location. In the first days of April [[1992]], the town was attacked by Serb paramilitary groups led by [[Arkan]]. According to contemporary news reports, up to 100 civilians were killed, and the non-Serb population was driven out. This was one of the first instances of [[ethnic cleansing]] in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is surmised that Bijeljina was attacked first because of its strategic location in the north-eastern corner of Bosnia near the Serbian border.<ref>* [[Noel Malcolm]] - ''Bosnia - a short history'' (Macmillan, 1994)</ref> During the war, Bijeljina saw a large influx of [[Bosnian Serbs]] expelled by [[Bosniaks]] and [[Bosnian Croats]] from other regions of [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]. --> ==Dhémografi== ===1971=== Ing sènsus taun [[1971]], Munisipal Bijeljina duwé sing ndunungi 86.826 jiwa, kalebu:{{Fact|date=May 2007}} *60.595 (69,78%) [[Serb]] *23.343 (26,88%) [[Muslim]] *806 (0,92%) [[Kroat]] *1.335 (1,56%) Liya ===1991=== Ing sènsus taun [[1991]], Munisipal Bijeljina duwé sing ndunungi 96,796 jiwa, kalebu:<ref>[http://www.hdmagazine.com/bosnia/census.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527102215/http://www.hdmagazine.com/bosnia/census.html |date=2009-05-27 }} Bosnia and Herzegovina 1991 census. Retrieved on [[3 May]] [[2007]].</ref> *57,541 (59%) [[Serb]] <small>(See: [[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina]])</small> *30,314 (34%) [[Muslim]] *517 [[Kroat]] <small>(Pirsani: [[Kroat Bosnia-Herzegovina]])</small> *4,168 Liya ===2008=== Ing taun [[2008]], munisipal Bijeljina duwé sing ndunungi watara 150,000 nganti 200,000 jiwa (èstimasi){{Fact|date=January 2008}}, akèh-akèhé ètnik [[Serb]]. <!-- ==Bijeljina Coat of Arms== [[Image:BN bijeljina logo 2.png|thumb|180px|]] The two red lines on the shield represents the two rivers Sava and Drina. The image of the church represents the Serbian Orthodox Tavna Monastery. The person on the left represents [[Filip Višnjić]] (1767–1834) who was a popular poet and [[guslar]] (gusle player). The person on the right is Prince Ivo of Semberija, who lost all his property by ransoming slaves from the Ottoman Turks during the Serbian uprising against Ottoman rule. The crown has the image of the city hall. Maize and corn represents the main agricultural products of the region. <br> <br> <br> ==Saint’s Day== Bijeljina municipality's Saint is [[Saint Panteleimon]] (Sveti Pantelejmon). <gallery> Image:Krsne slave opstine Bijeljine.jpg|2007 Image:Krsne slave opstine Bijeljine2.jpg|2007 </gallery> --> ==Munisipal== Panggonan ing munisipal Bijeljina: [[Amajlije]], [[Balatun]], Banjica, Batar, [[Batković]], Bijeljina, [[Bjeloševac]], [[Brijesnica Bijeljina|Brijesnica]], [[Brodac Donji]], [[Brodac Gornji]], [[Bukovica Donja]], [[Bukovica Gornja]], [[Crnjelovo Donje]], [[Crnjelovo Gornje]], [[Čađavica Donja]], [[Čađavica Gornja]], [[Čađavica Srednja]], [[Čardačine]], [[Čengić]], [[Ćipirovine]], [[Dazdarevo]], [[Dragaljevac Donji]], [[Dragaljevac Gornji]], [[Dragaljevac Srednji]], [[Dvorovi]], [[Glavičice]], [[Glavičorak]], Glogovac, [[Gojsovac]], [[Golo Brdo]], Hase, [[Janja]], [[Johovac]], [[Kacevac]], [[Kojčinovac]], [[Kovanluk]], [[Kriva Bara]], [[Ljeljenča]], [[Ljeskovac]], [[Magnojević Donji]], [[Magnojević Gornji]], [[Magnojević Srednji]], [[Međaši]], [[Modran]], Novo Naselje, Novo Selo, [[Obrijež]], Ostojićevo, [[Patkovača]], [[Piperci]], [[Popovi]], [[Dijelovi]] , [[Pučile]], [[Ruhotina]], [[Suho Polje]], [[Triješnica]], [[Trnjaci]], [[Velika Obarska]], [[Velino Selo]], [[Vršani]], [[Zagoni]]. ==Sport== Bijeljina duwé stadion ulah raga [[Bijeljina Gradski Stadion]]. Stadion iki minangka markas klub bal-balan [[FK Radnik Bijeljina]], kang main ing [[Liga utama Bosnia-Herzegovina]]. <!-- The first football was brought to Bijeljina in 1916. The first football club was FK Podrinje which was formed in 1919. Later came the clubs FK Zora in 1920, FK Građanski in 1923, and FK Semberija in 1935. After World War Two, FK Radnik Bijeljina was formed. There is also [[BSK Ledinci]] Bijeljina. Bijeljina has basketball clubs [[KK Budućnost Bijeljina]], [[KK Radnik Bijeljina]] and [[KK Bijeljina Plus]]. --> ==Tokoh asal Bijeljina== * [[Savo Milošević]] - ''Pemanin bal-balan Serbia'' * [[Branimir Bajić]] - ''Pemanin bal-balan Serbia'' * [[Goran Jelisić]] - ''Kriminal perang'' * [[Miloš Bojanić]] - ''Penyanyi'' * [[Nevenka Tadić]] - ''Ahli jiwa Serbia'' * [[Branislav Ivković]] - ''Pulitisi Serbia'' ==Kutha kembar== *{{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Kruševac]], [[Serbia]] == Gladri == <gallery> Image:Bijeljina Serbian Orthodox Church.png|Serbian Orthodox Church "Saint George" Image:TRG KRALJA PETRA Bijeljina Town Hall.png|Bijeljina Town Hall Image:Ulica Karadjordjeva Muzej Semberija.jpg|Museum Semberija Image:Ulica Vuka spomenik.png|Monument dedicated to the Serbian soldiers and civilians Image:Bijeljina panorama.png|View of Bijeljina Image:Manastir Vasilija Ostroskog Bijeljina.jpg|Manastir Vasilija Ostroskog Cudotvorca Image:Ulica Kneginje Milice Jesus.png|Image of Jesus that appeared on a tree Image:Ulica Nikole Tesle bijeljina.png|One of many popular places in Bijeljina </gallery> ==Uga delengen== *[[Semberija]] *[[Slobomir]] ==Réferènsi== <references /> == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.gradbijeljina.com/ City of Bijeljina] * [http://www.gradbijeljina.org/ Bijeljina Forum site] * [http://www.bijeljina.com/ Bijeljina.com] * [http://www.semberija.org/ SKUD Semberija Bijeljina] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808135704/http://www.semberija.org/ |date=2007-08-08 }} * [http://www.semberija-folk-fest.com/ Semberija Folk Fest] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523192844/http://www.semberija-folk-fest.com/ |date=2007-05-23 }} * [http://www.paintballbn.com/ Paintball klub "Extraordinary gentlemens"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203055741/http://paintballbn.com/ |date=2011-02-03 }} {{Pamérangan pulitik Bosnia-Herzegovina}} {{coor title dm|44|45|N|19|13|E|region:BA_type:city}} [[Kategori:Kutha ing Bosnia-Herzegovina|Bijeljina]] [[Kategori:Kutha ing Republika Srpska]] [[Kategori:Bijeljina| ]] 8bb8psylbqkrs60ljegphpastrvj29t 0 33290 1752734 1641047 2026-08-17T03:04:02Z CommonsDelinker 319 Replacing Bileća_municipality.svg with [[File:BiH_municipality_location_Bileća.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) · To harmonize the name 1752734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> |image_skyline = Bilecko Jezero.jpg |image_caption = Tlaga Bileća |settlement_type = |subdivision_type = [[Nagara-nagara donya|Nagara]] |subdivision_name =[[Bosnia lan Herzegovina]] |subdivision_type1 = |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |timezone=[[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |unit_pref= |map_caption =Lokasi Bileća ing antarané Bosnia lan Herzegovina |latNS=N |longEW=E |population_as_of= 1991 |native_name = Билећа |official_name = Bileća |other_name = |image_flag = Flag from the Kosaca COA crest.svg |image_seal =Grb bilece.jpg |image_map = BiH municipality location Bileća.svg |area_total_km2 = 633|population_blank1 = 15000|population_blank1_title=Municipality| |population_total = 13,284 ||parts_type=Settlements| parts = 61 (1991.) |latd =|latm= |longd=|longm= |area_code = 59 |website = http://opstinabileca.org/ |footnotes = ||leader_title=[[Mayor]]| leader_name = Miladin Samardžić ([[Serbian Democratic Party (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|SDS]]) [http://www.izbori.ba/documents/Rezultati%20izbora%202004/Utvrdjeni/2004NacelniciRS.pdf] |leader_party = | |}} '''Bileća''' ([[basa Serbia Cyrillic]]: Билећа) iku kutha lan kuthamadya ing sisih kidul-wétan [[Bosnia lan Herzegovina]] sajeroning entitas [[Républik Srpska]]. Kutha iki ing sawétané [[Herzegovina]] cerak wewatesan [[Montenegro]], sisih lor [[Trebinje]] lan sisih kidul [[Gacko]]. Sacara administratif, Bileća iku péranganing [[Laladan Trebinje]]. ==Pamukiman ing Bileća== Nalika taun 1991: • [[Baljci (Bileća)|Baljci]] • [[Bijela Rudina]] • [[Bijeljani]] • Bileća • [[Bodenik]] • [[Bogdašići (Bileća)|Bogdašići]] • [[Brestice]] • [[Čepelica]] • [[Deleuša]] • [[Divin (Bileća)|Divin]] • [[Dlakoše]] • [[Dola (Bileća)|Dola]] • [[Donja Meka Gruda]] • [[Donji Davidovići]] • [[Đeče]] • [[Fatnica]] • [[Golobrđe]] • [[Gornja Meka Gruda]] • [[Gornji Davidovići]] • [[Granica (Bileća)|Granica]] • [[Hodžići (Bileća)|Hodžići]] • [[Kačanj]] • [[Kalac (Bileća)|Kalac]] • [[Korita (Bileća)|Korita]] • [[Krivača]] • [[Krstače]] • [[Kukričje]] • [[Kuti (Bileća)|Kuti]] • [[Lađevići (Bileća)|Lađevići]] • [[Milavići]] • [[Mirilovići]] • [[Miruše]] • [[Mrežica (Bileća)|Mrežica]] • [[Narat]] • [[Njeganovići]] • [[Oblo Brdo]] • [[Orah (Bileća)|Orah]] • [[Orahovice (Bileća)|Orahovice]] • [[Pađeni]] • [[Panik (Bileća)|Panik]] • [[Plana (Bileća)|Plana]] • [[Podgorje (Bileća)|Podgorje]] • [[Podosoje (Bileća)|Podosoje]] • [[Preraca]] • [[Prijevor (Bileća)|Prijevor]] • [[Prisoje (Bileća)|Prisoje]] • [[Rioca]] • [[Selišta (Bileća)|Selišta]] • [[Simijova]] • [[Skrobotno]] • [[Šobadine]] • [[Todorići (Bileća)|Todorići]] • [[Torić]] • [[Trnovica (Bileća)|Trnovica]] • [[Vlahinja (Bileća)|Vlahinja]] • [[Vranjska (Bileća)|Vranjska]] • [[Vrbica (Bileća)|Vrbica]] • [[Zasada]] • [[Zaušje]] • [[Zvijerina]] • [[Žudojevići]] ==Warga misuwur== *[[Dušan Vukotić]], Pamenang [[Oscar award]] *[[Safet Isović]], penyanyi Bosnia [[sevdalinka]] *[[Fadil Hadžić]], Direktur/panulis filem ==Pirsani uga== *[[Municipalities of Républika Srpska]] * [http://www.bilecainfo.com BILECA info site] * [http://www.bileca.org Portal Site www.bileca.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040509195655/http://bileca.org/ |date=2004-05-09 }} {{Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina}} {{coord|42|52|N|18|26|E|region:BA_type:city|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bileca}} [[Kategori:Bileća| ]] odtqlnr8tne5n8xhchiuv703hlzp6hk 0 33292 1752741 1750436 2026-08-17T03:39:26Z CommonsDelinker 319 Replacing Trebinje_municipality.svg with [[File:BiH_municipality_location_Trebinje.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set) · To harmonize the 1752741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--more fields are available for this Infobox--See Template:Infobox Settlement--> |image_skyline = Trebinje River.jpg |settlement_type = |coordinates_region =BA |subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |subdivision_name =[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Entity]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Republika Srpska]] |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |timezone=[[Central European Time|CET]] |utc_offset=+1 |timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |utc_offset_DST = +2 |unit_pref= |map_caption =Location of Trebinje within Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina |population_as_of= 2008 estimate |native_name = Требиње |official_name = Trebinje |other_name = |image_shield = Grb_trebinja.jpg |image_map = BiH municipality location Trebinje.svg |area_total_km2 = 904|population_blank1 = 100,000|population_blank1_title=Municipality| |population_total = 37,000 ||parts_type=Settlements| parts = 178 (2008.) |latd =42.7112 |latNS=N |longd=18.3425 |longEW=E |coordinates_display = yes |area_code = 59 |website = [http://www.trebinje.rs.ba] |footnotes = ||leader_title=[[Mayor]]| leader_name =Slavko Vučurević <ref>http://web.archive.org/web/20051214163227/http://www.izbori.ba/documents/Rezultati%20izbora%202004/Utvrdjeni/2004NacelniciRS.pdf</ref> |leader_party = | |}} '''Trebinje''' ([[Sirilik]]: Требиње) iku kutha paling kidul ing [[Republika Srpska]], [[Bosnia-Herzegovina]]. Kutha iki dumunung ing kidul-wétan [[Herzegovina]], watara 10&nbsp;km saka [[Sagara Adriatik]]. <!-- ==Sajarah== Asal jeneng Trebinje saka tembung jaman tengahan [[Travunia]]. Trebinje manawa dibangun déning [[wong]] Slav ing tlatah Kakaisaran Romawi laid waste déning [[Saracens]] ing taun 840. In the mid-10th century [[Constantine Porphyrogenitus]] mentioned it under the name of ''Terbunia''. It commanded the road from [[Ragusa]] to [[Constantinople]], traversed, in 1096, by [[Raymond of Toulouse]] and his [[First Crusade|crusaders]]. Under the name of ''Tribunia'' or ''Travunja'' (the Trebigne of the Ragusans), it belonged to the [[Serbia]]n Empire until 1355. Trebinje became a part of the expanded [[Medieval Bosnian state]] under [[Tvrtko I]] in 1373. There is a medieval tower in Gornje Police (Gornye Politse) whose construction is often attributed to [[Vuk Branković]]. The old [[Tvrdoš]] Monastery dates back to the 15th century. In 1482, together with the rest of [[Herzegovina]] (see: Herzog [[Stjepan Vukčić Kosača]]), it was conquered by the [[Ottoman Empire]]. The Old Town-Kastel was built by Turks on location of the medieval fortress of Ban Vir, on the western bank of the [[Trebišnjica River]]. The city walls, the Old Town square, and two mosques, were built in beginning of the 18th century by Resulbegovic family. The Arslanagić bridge was originally built (16th century) at the village of Arslanagic, 5km north of the town, by [[Mehmed-paša Sokolović]], and it was managed by Arslanagic family. It was moved closer to Trebinje (1km) in the late 1960's. The Arslanagic bridge is one of the most attractive Turkish bridges in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. It has two large and two small semicircular arches. During the period of [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] administration (1878-1918) the several fortifications were built on the surrounding hills, and there was a garrison based in the town. They also modernized the town expanding it westwards, building the present main street, as well as, several squares, park, new schools, tobacco plantations, etc. Trebinje strongly grew in the era of [[Tito]]'s [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] between 1945 and 1990. It especially developed its hydroelectric potential ([[Hydroelectricity]]) with its, dams, artificial lakes, tunnels, and several hydroelectric plants. This industrial development brought large increase in urban population of Trebinje. [[Ravno municipality]] was formed within the former border of Trebinje municipality for the area now belong to the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina|federation]]. [[Image:Trebinje.jpg|thumb|Trebinje town and valley]] ==Geography== The town lies on the [[Trebišnjica River]] in Southeastern Herzegovina, some 24km by road from the city of [[Dubrovnik]] ([[Croatia]]) on the [[Adriatic Sea]]. There are several [[watermill|mill]]s along the river, as well as several bridges, including 2 in Trebinje itself, and a historic [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Arslanagic bridge nearby. The river is heavily exploited for hydro-energy. After it passees through the [[Popovo polje]] area (South-West of the town), which always floods in winter, it naturally runs underground to the Adriatic Sea, near [[Dubrovnik]] in [[Croatia]]. There is an [[Serb Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] church in Trebinje, Saborna Crkva, as well as a new monastery, Trebinje Gracanica, located above the town, on the historic hill known as Crkvina, while nearby is also (what is now an [[Anglican Communion|Episcopal]] church) [[Tvrdoš]] Monastery, dating back to the 15th century. Trebinje is also home to the [[Roman Catholic|Catholic]] Cathedral of the Birth of [[Mary, the mother of Jesus|Mary]]. The town largely escaped damage during the war, but [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] architecture was destroyed (Resulbegovic Historic House, Sultan's Mosque). The Osman-Pasha (Resulbegovic) Mosque of Trebinje was rebuilt by the returned Bosnian Muslim ([[Bosniaks|Bosniak]]) community and inaugurated in July 2005. Trebinje is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Trebinje-Mrkan|Catholic Bishopric of Trebinje-Mrkan]]. The local [[football (soccer)|football]] club is [[FK Leotar Trebinje]]. --> ==Demografi== Miturut sensus 1910, mayoritas absolut ing munisipalitas Trebinje yakuwi warga [[Kristen Ortodok]] (71.38%).{{Fact|date=Mei 2007}} ===Munisipalitas=== {| class=wikitable |- bgcolor="#efefef" ! Taun sensus !! Total !! [[Serbia]]<br /><small>{See: [[Serbia Bosnia-Herzegovina]]}</small> !! [[Muslim]] !! [[Kroat]]<br /><small>{See: [[Kroat Bosnia-Herzegovina]]}</small> !! [[Yugoslav]] !! Liya |- | align="center" | 1991 || 30,996 || 21,349 (68.87%) || 5,571 (17.97%) || 1,246 (4.01%) || 1,642 (5.29%) || 1,188 (3.83%) |- | align="center" | 1981 || 30,372 || 18,123 (59.67%) || 4,405 (14.50%) || 2,309 (7.60%) || 4,154 (13.67%) || 1,381 (4.54%) |- | align="center" | 1971 || 29,024 || 19,362 (66.71%) || 4,846 (16.69%) || 3,350 (11.54%) || 424 (1.46%) || 1,042 (3.60%) |} ===Kutha Trebinje=== {| class=wikitable |- bgcolor="#efefef" ! Taun sensus!! Total !! [[Serbia]]<br /><small>{See: [[Serbia Bosnia-Herzegovina]]}</small> !! [[Muslim]] !! [[Kroat]]<br /><small>{See: [[Kroat Bosnia-Herzegovina]]}</small> !! [[Yugoslav]] !! Liya |- | align="center" | 1991 || 21,870 || 14,915 (68.19%) || 4,228 (19.33%) || 347 (1.58%) || 1,470 (6.72%) || 910 (4.18%) |} <!-- ==Sports== The local [[Football team|football club]], [[FK Leotar Trebinje]], plays in the [[Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. ==Settlements of Trebinje municipality, 1991.== total: 178 Aranđelovo, Arbanaška, Arslanagića Most, Baljivac, Baonine, Begović Kula, Belenići, Bihovo, Bijelač, Bijograd, Bioci, Bobovišta, Bodiroge, Bogojević Selo, Borlovići, Brani Do, Brova, Budoši, Bugovina, Cerovac, Cicina, Cicrina, Čavaš, Čopice, Čvaljina, Čvarići, Desin Selo, Diklići, Djedići, Do, Dobromani, Dodanovići, Dolovi, Domaševo, Donja Kočela, Donje Čičevo, Donje Grančarevo, Donje Vrbno, Donji Orahovac, Dračevo, Dražin Do, Drijenjani, Dubljani, Dubočani, Duži, Dvrsnica, Glavinići, Glavska, Gojšina, Gola Glavica, Golubinac, Gomiljani, Gornja Kočela, Gornje Čičevo, Gornje Grančarevo, Gornje Vrbno, Gornji Orahovac, Gorogaše, Grab, Grbeši, Grbići, Grebci, Grkavci, Grmljani, Hum, Ivanica, Janjač, Jasen, Jasenica Lug, Jazina, Jušići, Kalađurđevići, Kijev Do, Klikovići, Klobuk, Konjsko, Korlati, Kotezi, Kovačina, Kraj, Krajkovići, Kremeni Do, Krnjevići, Kučići, Kunja Glavica, Kutina, Lapja, Lastva, Lokvice, Lomači, Lug, Lušnica, Ljekova, Ljubovo, Marić Međine, Mesari, Mionići, Morče, Mosko, Mrkonjići, Mrnjići, Necvijeće, Nenovići, Nevada, Nikontovići, Ograde, Orah, Orahov Do, Orašje Popovo, Orašje Površ, Orašje Zubci, Parojska Njiva, Petrovići, Pijavice, Podosoje, Podstrašivica, Podštirovnik, Podvori, Poljice Čičevo, Poljice Popovo, Prhinje, Pridvorci, Prosjek, Rapti Bobani, Rapti Zupci, Rasovac, [[Ravno]], Rupni Do, Sedlari, Skočigrm, Slavogostići, Slivnica Bobani, Slivnica Površ, Sparožići, Staro Slano, Strujići, Šarani, Šćenica Bobani, Šćenica Ljubomir, Taleža, Todorići, Trebijovi, Trebimlja, Trebinje, Trnčina, Tuli, Tulje, Turani, Turica, Turmenti, Tvrdoš, Ubla, Ugarci, Ukšići, Uskoplje, Uvjeća, Veličani, Velja Gora, Velja Međa, Vladušići, Vlaka, Vlasače, Vlaška, Volujac, Vrpolje Ljubomir, Vrpolje Zagora, Vučija, Vukovići, Začula, Zagora, Zagradinje, Zaplanik, Zavala, Zgonjevo, Žakovo, Ždrijelovići, Željevo and Župa. In former Trebinje municipality from 1991. census, today there is two municipalities: Trebinje in Republic of Srpska and [[Ravno]] in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. --> == Tokoh misuwur == * [[Jovan Dučić]] - Penyair lan diplomat * [[Nikola Kovač]] - Duta agung Bosnia-Herzegovina ing Prancis (1993-2000) * [[Izet Hajdarhodžić]] (1929-2006) - Aktor * [[Asmir Begović]] * [[Srđan Aleksić]] * [[Vladimir Radmanović]] juru main basket * [[Nataša Ninković]] Actress * [[Vladimir Gudelj]] juru main bal-balan * [[Nebojša Glogovac]] - Aktor * [[Dejan Bodiroga]] - juru main basket == Réferènsi == * ''Treasures of Yugoslavia'', published by Yugoslaviapublic Beograd, [[Belgrade]] 1980 ==Pranala njaba == *[http://www.trebinje.rs.ba Trebinje Municipality] *[http://www.trebinje.info Trebinje Internet portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180101130235/http://www.trebinje.info/ |date=2018-01-01 }} *[http://www.glashercegovine.com Glas Hercegovine] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621155543/http://www.glashercegovine.com/ |date=2012-06-21 }} *[http://www.glastb.com Glas Trebinja] *[http://www.trebinje.se BH udruzenje "Trebinje" Geteborg] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317214401/http://www.trebinje.se/ |date=2015-03-17 }} *[http://bosnia.bspotlight.com/index.php?show=sector&idsector=22 Trebinje Airport]{{Pranala mati|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[http://business.hr/Default2.aspx?ArticleID=3cf8ca8c-807c-41d4-931a-09f75bf93389&ref=lastadd Trebinje postaje turistička aviodestinacija] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721095359/http://www.business.hr/Default2.aspx?ArticleID=3cf8ca8c-807c-41d4-931a-09f75bf93389&ref=lastadd |date=2011-07-21 }} *[http://www.nezavisne.com/revija/tekst060618-03.php Pista koja bi oživjela istočnu Hercegovinu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927015515/http://www.nezavisne.com/revija/tekst060618-03.php |date=2008-09-27 }} *[[Sutorina]] {{1911}} [[Kategori:Trebinje| ]] [[Kategori:Kutha ing Republika Srpska]] 49le3zcdz17hwpfjpj6nwcgycqcq4z9 0 57230 1752722 1623693 2026-08-16T16:29:07Z ~2026-44888-06 74095 1752722 wikitext text/x-wiki Ing ngisor iki wujud '''pratélan [[Wakil Présidhèn]] [[Amérika Sarékat]]''' {| cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2 |-bgcolor=#cccccc ! # !! Jeneng !! Njabat !! Nganti !! Parté !! Pimpinan Kabinèt |-bgcolor=#E6E6AA |align=center| 1 || [[John Adams]] || [[1789]]¹ || [[1797]] || [[Parté Federalis Amérika Sarékat|Federalis]] || [[George Washington|Washington]] |-bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 2 || [[Thomas Jefferson]] || [[1797]] || [[1801]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat-Républik Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat-Républik]] || [[John Adams|J. Adams]] |-bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 3 || [[Aaron Burr]] || [[1801]] || [[1805]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat-Républik Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat-Républik]] || [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]] |-bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 4 || [[George Clinton (politisi)|George Clinton]] || [[1805]] || [[1812]]² || [[Parté Dhémokrat-Républik Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat-Républik]] || [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]]/[[James Madison|Madison]] |-bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 5 || [[Elbridge Gerry]] || [[1813]] || [[1814]]² || [[Parté Dhémokrat-Républik Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat-Républik]] || [[James Madison|Madison]] |-bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 6 || [[Daniel D. Tompkins]] || [[1817]] || [[1825]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat-Républik Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat-Républik]] || [[James Monroe|Monroe]] |-bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 7 || [[John C. Calhoun|John Caldwell Calhoun]] || [[1825]] || [[1832]]³ || [[Parté Dhémokrat-Républik Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat-Républik]] || [[John Quincy Adams|J. Q. Adams]]/[[Andrew Jackson|Jackson]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 8 || [[Martin Van Buren]] || [[1833]] || [[1837]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Andrew Jackson|Jackson]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 9 || [[Richard Mentor Johnson]] || [[1837]] || [[1841]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Martin Van Buren|Van Buren]] |-bgcolor=#FFFFCC |align=center| 10 || [[John Tyler]] || [[1841]] || [[1841]]⁴ || [[Parté Whig Amérika Sarékat|Whig]] || [[William Henry Harrison|W. Harrison]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 11 || [[George M. Dallas|George Mifflin Dallas]] || [[1845]] || [[1849]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[James K. Polk|Polk]] |-bgcolor=#FFFFCC |align=center| 12 || [[Millard Fillmore]] || [[1849]] || [[1850]]⁴ || [[Parté Whig Amérika Sarékat|Whig]] || [[Zachary Taylor|Taylor]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 13 || [[William R. King|William Rufus de Vane King]] || [[1853]]⁵ || [[1853]]² || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Franklin Pierce|Pierce]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 14 || [[John C. Breckinridge|John Cabell Breckinridge]] || [[1857]] || [[1861]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[James Buchanan|Buchanan]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 15 || [[Hannibal Hamlin]] || [[1861]] || [[1865]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 16 || [[Andrew Johnson]] || [[1865]] || [[1865]]⁴ || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 17 || [[Schuyler Colfax]] || [[1869]] || [[1873]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Ulysses S. Grant|Grant]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 18 || [[Henry Wilson]] || [[1873]] || [[1875]]² || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Ulysses S. Grant|Grant]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 19 || [[William A. Wheeler|William Almon Wheeler]] || [[1877]] || [[1881]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Rutherford B. Hayes|Hayes]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 20 || [[Chester A. Arthur|Chester Alan Arthur]] || [[1881]] || [[1881]]⁴ || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[James Garfield|Garfield]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 21 || [[Thomas A. Hendricks|Thomas Andrews Hendricks]] || [[1885]] || [[1885]]² || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 22 || [[Levi P. Morton|Levi Parsons Morton]] || [[1889]] || [[1893]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Benjamin Harrison|B. Harrison]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 23 || [[Adlai E. Stevenson|Adlai Ewing Stevenson]] || [[1893]] || [[1897]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 24 || [[Garret A. Hobart|Garret Augustus Hobart]] || [[1897]] || [[1899]]² || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[William McKinley|McKinley]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 25 || [[Theodore Roosevelt]] || [[1901]] || [[1901]]⁴ || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[William McKinley|McKinley]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 26 || [[Charles W. Fairbanks|Charles Warren Fairbanks]] || [[1905]] || [[1909]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Theodore Roosevelt|T. Roosevelt]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 27 || [[James S. Sherman|James Schoolcraft Sherman]] || [[1909]] || [[1912]]² || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[William Howard Taft|Taft]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 28 || [[Thomas R. Marshall|Thomas Riley Marshall]] || [[1913]] || [[1921]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 29 || [[Calvin Coolidge|John Calvin Coolidge, Jr.]] || [[1921]] || [[1923]]⁴ || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Warren G. Harding|Harding]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 30 || [[Charles G. Dawes|Charles Gates Dawes]] || [[1925]] || [[1929]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Calvin Coolidge|Coolidge]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 31 || [[Charles Curtis]] || [[1929]] || [[1933]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 32 || [[John Nance Garner]] || [[1933]] || [[1941]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|F. Roosevelt]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 33 || [[Henry A. Wallace|Henry Agard Wallace]] || [[1941]] || [[1945]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|F. Roosevelt]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 34 || [[Harry S. Truman]] || [[1945]] || [[1945]]⁴ || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|F. Roosevelt]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 35 || [[Alben W. Barkley|Alben William Barkley]] || [[1949]] || [[1953]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Harry S. Truman|Truman]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 36 || [[Richard Nixon|Richard Milhous Nixon]] || [[1953]] || [[1961]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Dwight Eisenhower|Eisenhower]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 37 || [[Lyndon Johnson|Lyndon Baines Johnson]] || [[1961]] || [[1963]]⁴ || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 38 || [[Hubert H. Humphrey|Hubert Horatio Humphrey]] || [[1965]] || [[1969]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Lyndon Johnson|Johnson]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 39 || [[Spiro Agnew|Spiro Theodore Agnew]] || [[1969]] || [[1973]]³ || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 40 || [[Gerald Ford|Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr.]] || [[1973]]⁶ || [[1974]]⁴ || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 41 || [[Nelson Rockefeller|Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller]]|| [[1974]]⁶ || [[1977]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Gerald Ford|Ford]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 42 || [[Walter F. Mondale|Walter Frederick Mondale]] || [[1977]] || [[1981]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 43 || [[George H. W. Bush|George Herbert Walker Bush]]⁷ || [[1981]] || [[1989]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 44 || [[James Danforth Quayle|James Danforth Quayle III]] || [[1989]] || [[1993]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[George H. W. Bush|G. H. W. Bush]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 45 || [[Al Gore|Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.]] || [[1993]] || [[2001]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 46 || [[Dick Cheney|Richard Bruce Cheney]]⁷ || [[2001]] || [[2009]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[George W. Bush]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 47 || [[Joe Biden|Joseph Biden Jr.]] || [[2009]] || align=center |[[2017]]|| [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Barack Obama]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 48 || [[Myke Pence]] || [[2017]] || [[2021]] || align=center || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Donald Trump]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 49 || [[Kamala Harris]] || [[2021]] || [[2025]] || align=center || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Joe Biden]] |} {{daftar pemimpin nagara|kalungguhan=Wakil Présidhèn|nagara=Amérika Sarékat|stub=y}} thsnoeqx1p7irpt3qn9a8f4h9gcllqo 1752723 1752722 2026-08-16T16:31:27Z ~2026-44888-06 74095 1752723 wikitext text/x-wiki Ing ngisor iki wujud '''pratélan [[Wakil Présidhèn]] [[Amérika Sarékat]]''' {| cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2 |-bgcolor=#cccccc ! # !! Jeneng !! Njabat !! Nganti !! Parté !! Pimpinan Kabinèt |-bgcolor=#E6E6AA |align=center| 1 || [[John Adams]] || [[1789]]¹ || [[1797]] || [[Parté Federalis Amérika Sarékat|Federalis]] || [[George Washington|Washington]] |-bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 2 || [[Thomas Jefferson]] || [[1797]] || [[1801]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat-Républik Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat-Républik]] || [[John Adams|J. Adams]] |-bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 3 || [[Aaron Burr]] || [[1801]] || [[1805]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat-Républik Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat-Républik]] || [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]] |-bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 4 || [[George Clinton (politisi)|George Clinton]] || [[1805]] || [[1812]]² || [[Parté Dhémokrat-Républik Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat-Républik]] || [[Thomas Jefferson|Jefferson]]/[[James Madison|Madison]] |-bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 5 || [[Elbridge Gerry]] || [[1813]] || [[1814]]² || [[Parté Dhémokrat-Républik Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat-Républik]] || [[James Madison|Madison]] |-bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 6 || [[Daniel D. Tompkins]] || [[1817]] || [[1825]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat-Républik Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat-Républik]] || [[James Monroe|Monroe]] |-bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 7 || [[John C. Calhoun|John Caldwell Calhoun]] || [[1825]] || [[1832]]³ || [[Parté Dhémokrat-Républik Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat-Républik]] || [[John Quincy Adams|J. Q. Adams]]/[[Andrew Jackson|Jackson]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 8 || [[Martin Van Buren]] || [[1833]] || [[1837]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Andrew Jackson|Jackson]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 9 || [[Richard Mentor Johnson]] || [[1837]] || [[1841]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Martin Van Buren|Van Buren]] |-bgcolor=#FFFFCC |align=center| 10 || [[John Tyler]] || [[1841]] || [[1841]]⁴ || [[Parté Whig Amérika Sarékat|Whig]] || [[William Henry Harrison|W. Harrison]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 11 || [[George M. Dallas|George Mifflin Dallas]] || [[1845]] || [[1849]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[James K. Polk|Polk]] |-bgcolor=#FFFFCC |align=center| 12 || [[Millard Fillmore]] || [[1849]] || [[1850]]⁴ || [[Parté Whig Amérika Sarékat|Whig]] || [[Zachary Taylor|Taylor]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 13 || [[William R. King|William Rufus de Vane King]] || [[1853]]⁵ || [[1853]]² || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Franklin Pierce|Pierce]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 14 || [[John C. Breckinridge|John Cabell Breckinridge]] || [[1857]] || [[1861]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[James Buchanan|Buchanan]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 15 || [[Hannibal Hamlin]] || [[1861]] || [[1865]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 16 || [[Andrew Johnson]] || [[1865]] || [[1865]]⁴ || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 17 || [[Schuyler Colfax]] || [[1869]] || [[1873]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Ulysses S. Grant|Grant]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 18 || [[Henry Wilson]] || [[1873]] || [[1875]]² || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Ulysses S. Grant|Grant]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 19 || [[William A. Wheeler|William Almon Wheeler]] || [[1877]] || [[1881]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Rutherford B. Hayes|Hayes]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 20 || [[Chester A. Arthur|Chester Alan Arthur]] || [[1881]] || [[1881]]⁴ || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[James Garfield|Garfield]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 21 || [[Thomas A. Hendricks|Thomas Andrews Hendricks]] || [[1885]] || [[1885]]² || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 22 || [[Levi P. Morton|Levi Parsons Morton]] || [[1889]] || [[1893]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Benjamin Harrison|B. Harrison]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 23 || [[Adlai E. Stevenson|Adlai Ewing Stevenson]] || [[1893]] || [[1897]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Grover Cleveland|Cleveland]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 24 || [[Garret A. Hobart|Garret Augustus Hobart]] || [[1897]] || [[1899]]² || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[William McKinley|McKinley]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 25 || [[Theodore Roosevelt]] || [[1901]] || [[1901]]⁴ || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[William McKinley|McKinley]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 26 || [[Charles W. Fairbanks|Charles Warren Fairbanks]] || [[1905]] || [[1909]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Theodore Roosevelt|T. Roosevelt]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 27 || [[James S. Sherman|James Schoolcraft Sherman]] || [[1909]] || [[1912]]² || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[William Howard Taft|Taft]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 28 || [[Thomas R. Marshall|Thomas Riley Marshall]] || [[1913]] || [[1921]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Woodrow Wilson|Wilson]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 29 || [[Calvin Coolidge|John Calvin Coolidge, Jr.]] || [[1921]] || [[1923]]⁴ || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Warren G. Harding|Harding]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 30 || [[Charles G. Dawes|Charles Gates Dawes]] || [[1925]] || [[1929]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Calvin Coolidge|Coolidge]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 31 || [[Charles Curtis]] || [[1929]] || [[1933]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Herbert Hoover|Hoover]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 32 || [[John Nance Garner]] || [[1933]] || [[1941]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|F. Roosevelt]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 33 || [[Henry A. Wallace|Henry Agard Wallace]] || [[1941]] || [[1945]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|F. Roosevelt]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 34 || [[Harry S. Truman]] || [[1945]] || [[1945]]⁴ || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|F. Roosevelt]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 35 || [[Alben W. Barkley|Alben William Barkley]] || [[1949]] || [[1953]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Harry S. Truman|Truman]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 36 || [[Richard Nixon|Richard Milhous Nixon]] || [[1953]] || [[1961]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Dwight Eisenhower|Eisenhower]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 37 || [[Lyndon Johnson|Lyndon Baines Johnson]] || [[1961]] || [[1963]]⁴ || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[John F. Kennedy|Kennedy]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 38 || [[Hubert H. Humphrey|Hubert Horatio Humphrey]] || [[1965]] || [[1969]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Lyndon Johnson|Johnson]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 39 || [[Spiro Agnew|Spiro Theodore Agnew]] || [[1969]] || [[1973]]³ || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 40 || [[Gerald Ford|Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr.]] || [[1973]]⁶ || [[1974]]⁴ || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 41 || [[Nelson Rockefeller|Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller]]|| [[1974]]⁶ || [[1977]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Gerald Ford|Ford]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 42 || [[Walter F. Mondale|Walter Frederick Mondale]] || [[1977]] || [[1981]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 43 || [[George H. W. Bush|George Herbert Walker Bush]]⁷ || [[1981]] || [[1989]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 44 || [[James Danforth Quayle|James Danforth Quayle III]] || [[1989]] || [[1993]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[George H. W. Bush|G. H. W. Bush]] |-bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 45 || [[Al Gore|Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.]] || [[1993]] || [[2001]] || [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Bill Clinton|Clinton]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 46 || [[Dick Cheney|Richard Bruce Cheney]]⁷ || [[2001]] || [[2009]] || [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[George W. Bush]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 47 || [[Joe Biden|Joseph Biden Jr.]] || [[2009]] || align=center |[[2017]]|| [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Barack Obama]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 48 || [[Myke Pence]] || [[2017]] || align=center |[[2021]]|| [[Parté Républik Amérika Sarékat|Républik]] || [[Donald Trump]] |-bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 49 || [[Kamala Harris]] || [[2021]] || align=center |[[2025]]|| [[Parté Dhémokrat Amérika Sarékat|Dhémokrat]] || [[Joe Biden]] |} {{daftar pemimpin nagara|kalungguhan=Wakil Présidhèn|nagara=Amérika Sarékat|stub=y}} bz3g5sk7gi8za6hr5ddx0vcb4psuf01 0 58562 1752728 1713722 2026-08-16T17:41:50Z ~2026-44888-06 74095 /* Pratélan Mantri */ 1752728 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Seal of the United States Department of State.svg|thumb|180px|right|Lambang Departemen Jaban Rangkah Amérika Sarékat]] '''Mantri Jaban Rangkah Améika Sarékat''' ([[basa Inggris]]: ''United States State Secretary'' utawa ''United States Secretary of State'') iku pimpinan saka [[Departemen Jaban Rangkah Améika Sarékat]], sing magepokan karo [[urusan jabang rangkah]]. Mantri iki minangka anggota saka [[Kabinèt Amérika Sarkat|Kabinèt]] [[Présidhèn Améika Sarékat|Présidhèn]] [[Améika Sarékat]]. Mantri Jaban Rangkah Amérika Sarékat wujud kalungguhan paling dhuwur sajeroning kabinèt, ya iku urutan angka 4 yèn Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat ana alangan utawa tilar donya. Mantri Jaban Rangkah Amérika Sarékat wektu iki ya iku [[Marco Rubio]] kanggo mangsa kalungguhan [[2025]]-. == Pratélan Mantri == {| class="wikitable" !rowspan="2"| # !rowspan="2"| Foto !rowspan="2"| Jeneng !rowspan="2"| Asal Praja !colspan="2"| Periode Jabatan !rowspan="2"| Ing sangisoré kapemimpinan [[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat|Présidhèn]] |- ! Wiwit ! Nganti |- |1 | [[Gambar:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800.jpg|75px|Thomas Jefferson]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]] | [[Virginia]] | [[26 September]] [[1789]] | [[31 Dhésèmber]] [[1793]] | rowspan="2"|[[George Washington]] |- |2 | [[Gambar:EdRand.jpg|75px|Edmund Randolph]] | [[Edmund Randolph]] | [[Virginia]] | [[2 Januari]] [[1794]] | [[20 Agustus]] [[1795]] |- |3 | [[Gambar:Timothy-Pickering.jpg|75px|Timothy Pickering]] | [[Timothy Pickering]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[10 Dhésèmber]] [[1795]] | [[12 Mèi]] [[1800]] | [[George Washington]], [[John Adams]] |- |4 | [[Gambar:CJMarshall.jpg|75px|John Marshall]] | [[John Marshall]] | [[Virginia]] | [[13 Juni]] [[1800]] | [[4 Fèbruari]] [[1801]] | [[John Adams]] |- |5 | [[Gambar:James Madison (cropped 3x4 close).jpg|75px|James Madison]] | [[James Madison]] | [[Virginia]] | [[2 Mèi]] [[1801]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1809]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]] |- |6 | [[Gambar:Robert_Smith_SecNavy.jpg|75px|Robert Smith]] | [[Robert Smith (cabinet)|Robert Smith]] | [[Maryland]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1809]] | [[1 April]] [[1811]] | rowspan="3"|[[James Madison]] |- |rowspan="2"| 7 |rowspan="2"| [[Gambar:Jamesmonroe-npgallery.jpg|75px|James Monroe]] |rowspan="2"| [[James Monroe]] |rowspan="2"| [[Virginia]] | [[2 April]] [[1811]] | [[30 September]] [[1814]] |- | [[28 Fèbruari]] [[1815]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1817]] |- |8 | [[Gambar:John Quincy Adams.jpg|75px|John Quincy Adams]] | [[John Quincy Adams]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1817]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1825]] | [[James Monroe]] |- |9 | [[Gambar:Henry Clay.JPG|75px|Henry Clay]] | [[Henry Clay]] | [[Kentucky]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1825]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1829]] | [[John Quincy Adams]] |- |10 | [[Gambar:Martin Van Buren.jpg|75px|Martin Van Buren]] | [[Martin Van Buren]] | [[New York]] | [[28 Maret]] [[1829]] | [[23 Mèi]] [[1831]] | rowspan="3"|[[Andrew Jackson]] |- |11 | [[Gambar:Edward Livingston of New York.jpg|75px|Edward Livingston]] | [[Edward Livingston]] | [[Louisiana]] | [[24 Mèi]] [[1831]] | [[29 Mèi]] [[1833]] |- |12 | [[Gambar:LouisMcLane55.jpg|75px|Louis McLane]] | [[Louis McLane]] | [[Delaware]] | [[29 Mèi]] [[1833]] | [[30 Juni]] [[1834]] |- |13 | [[Gambar:JohnForsythSoS11.jpg|75px|John Forsyth]] | [[John Forsyth (politician)|John Forsyth]] | [[Georgia (Amérika Sarékat)|Georgia]] | [[1 Juli]] [[1834]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1841]] | [[Andrew Jackson]], [[Martin Van Buren]] |- |14 | [[Gambar:DanWebster.jpg|75px|Daniel Webster]] | [[Daniel Webster]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1841]] | [[8 Mèi]] [[1843]] | [[William Henry Harrison|William Harrison]], [[John Tyler]] |- |15 | [[Gambar:Abel P. Upshur SecNavy.jpg|75px|Abel P. Upshur]] | [[Abel P. Upshur]] | [[Virginia]] | [[24 Juli]] [[1843]] | [[28 Fèbruari]] [[1844]] | rowspan="2"|[[John Tyler]] |- |16 | [[Gambar:JohnCCalhoun.jpeg|75px|John C. Calhoun]] | [[John C. Calhoun]] | [[South Carolina]] | [[1 April]] [[1844]] | [[10 Maret]] [[1845]] |- |17 | [[Gambar:James Buchanan.jpg|75px|James Buchanan]] | [[James Buchanan]] | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[10 Maret]] [[1845]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1849]] | [[James Polk]] |- |18 | [[Gambar:John_Clayton.jpg|75px|John M. Clayton]] | [[John M. Clayton]] | [[Delaware]] | [[8 Maret]] [[1849]] | [[22 Juli]] [[1850]] | [[Zachary Taylor]], [[Millard Fillmore]] |- |19 | [[Gambar:DanWebster.jpg|75px|Daniel Webster]] | [[Daniel Webster]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[23 Juli]] [[1850]] | [[24 Oktober]] [[1852]] | rowspan="2"|[[Millard Fillmore]] |- |20 | [[Gambar:Edward Everett.jpg|75px|Edward Everett]] | [[Edward Everett]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[6 November]] [[1852]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1853]] |- |21 | [[Gambar:William L. Marcy - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|William L. Marcy]] | [[William L. Marcy]] | [[New York]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1853]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1857]] | [[Franklin Pierce]] |- |22 | [[Gambar:Lewis Cass - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|Lewis Cass]] | [[Lewis Cass]] | [[Michigan]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1857]] | [[14 Dhésèmber]] [[1860]] | rowspan="2"|[[James Buchanan]] |- |23 | [[Gambar:Judge Jeremiah Black.jpg|75px|Jermiah S. Black]] | [[Jeremiah S. Black]] | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[17 Dhésèmber]] [[1860]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1861]] |- |24 | [[Gambar:William Seward, Secretary of State, bw photo portrait circa 1860-1865.jpg|75px|William M. Seward]] | [[William H. Seward]] | [[New York]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1861]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1869]] | [[Abraham Lincoln]], [[Andrew Johnson]] |- |25 | [[Gambar:Elihu B. Washburne - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|Elihu B. Washburne]] | [[Elihu B. Washburne]] | [[Illinois]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1869]] | [[16 Maret]] [[1869]] | rowspan="2"|[[Ulysses Grant]] |- |26 | [[Gambar:Fish-Hamilton-LOC.jpg|75px|Hamilton Fish]] | [[Hamilton Fish]] | [[New York]] | [[17 Maret]] [[1869]] | [[12 Maret]] [[1877]] |- |27 | [[Gambar:William M. Evarts - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|William M. Evarts]] | [[William M. Evarts]] | [[New York]] | [[12 Maret]] [[1877]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1881]] | [[Rutherford Hayes]] |- |28 | [[Gambar:James G. Blaine - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|James G. Blaine]] | [[James G. Blaine]] | [[Maine]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1881]] | [[19 Dhésèmber]] [[1881]] | [[James Garfield]], [[Chester A. Arthur]] |- |29 | [[Gambar:Frederick T. Frelinghuysen - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|Frederick T. Frelinghuysen]] | [[Frederick T. Frelinghuysen]] | [[New Jersey]] | [[19 Dhésèmber]] [[1881]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1885]] | [[Chester Arthur]] |- |30 | [[Gambar:Thomas F. Bayard, Brady-Handy photo portrait, circa 1870-1880.jpg|75px|Thomas F. Bayard]] | [[Thomas F. Bayard|Thomas F. Bayard, Sr.]] | [[Delaware]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1885]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1889]] | [[Grover Cleveland]] |- |31 | [[Gambar:James G. Blaine - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|James G. Blaine]] | [[James G. Blaine]] | [[Maine]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1889]] | [[4 Juni]] [[1892]] | rowspan="2"|[[Benjamin Harrison]] |- |32 | [[Gambar:JohnWatsonFosterSoS.jpg|75px|John W. Foster]] | [[John W. Foster]] | [[Indiana]] | [[29 Juni]] [[1892]] | [[23 Fèbruari]] [[1893]] |- |33 | [[Gambar:Walter Q. Gresham - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|Walter Q. Gresham]] | [[Walter Q. Gresham]] | [[Illinois]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1893]] | [[28 Mèi]] [[1895]] | rowspan="2"|[[Grover Cleveland]] |- |34 | [[Gambar:Richard Olney, Bain bw photo portrait, 1913.jpg|75px|Richard Olney]] | [[Richard Olney]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[10 Juni]] [[1895]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1897]] |- |35 | [[Gambar:John-Sherman-2.jpg|75px|John Sherman]] | [[John Sherman (politician)|John Sherman]] | [[Ohio]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1897]] | [[27 April]] [[1898]] | rowspan="2"|[[William McKinley]] |- |36 | [[Gambar:William Rufus Day, bw photo portrait, 1906.jpg|75px|William R. Day]] | [[William R. Day]] | [[Ohio]] | [[28 April]] [[1898]] | [[16 September]] [[1898]] |- |37 | [[Gambar:John Hay, bw photo portrait, 1897.jpg|75px|John Hay]] | [[John Hay]] | [[Distrik Columbia]] | [[30 September]] [[1898]] | [[1 Juli]] [[1905]] | [[William McKinley]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]] |- |38 | [[Gambar:Elihu Root, bw photo portrait, 1902.jpg|75px|Elihu Root]] | [[Elihu Root]] | [[New York]] | [[19 Juli]] [[1905]] | [[27 Januari]] [[1909]] | rowspan="2"|[[Theodore Roosevelt]] |- |39 | [[Gambar:Bacon, Robert.jpg|75px|Robert Bacon]] | [[Robert Bacon]] | [[New York]] | [[27 Januari]] [[1909]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1909]] |- |40 | [[Gambar:Philander Knox, bw photo portrait, 1904.jpg|75px|Philander C. Knox]] | [[Philander C. Knox]] | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1909]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1913]] | [[William Taft]] |- |41 | [[Gambar:William Jennings Bryan.JPG|75px|William Jennings Bryan]] | [[William Jennings Bryan]] | [[Nebraska]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1913]] | [[9 Juni]] [[1915]] | rowspan="3"|[[Woodrow Wilson]] |- |42 | [[Gambar:Robert Lansing.jpg|75px|Robert Lansing]] | [[Robert Lansing]] | [[New York]] | [[24 Juni]] [[1915]] | [[13 Fèbruari]] [[1920]] |- |43 | [[Gambar:Bainbridge Colby, bw photo portrait, 1920.jpg|75px|Bainbridge Colby]] | [[Bainbridge Colby]] | [[New York]] | [[23 Maret]] [[1920]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1921]] |- |44 | [[Gambar:Governor_Charles_Evans_Hughes.jpg|75px|Charles Evans Hughes]] | [[Charles Evans Hughes]] | [[New York]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1921]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1925]] | [[Warren Harding]], [[Calvin Coolidge]] |- |45 | [[Gambar:FrankKellogg.jpg|75px|Frank B. Kellogg]] | [[Frank B. Kellogg]] | [[Minnesota]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1925]] | [[28 Maret]] [[1929]] | [[Calvin Coolidge]], [[Herbert Hoover]] |- |46 | [[Gambar:Henry Stimson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1929.jpg|75px|Henry L. Stimson]] | [[Henry L. Stimson]] | [[New York]] | [[28 Maret]] [[1929]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1933]] | [[Herbert Hoover]] |- |47 | [[Gambar:Hull-Cordell-LOC.jpg|75px|Cordell Hull]] | [[Cordell Hull]] | [[Tennessee]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1933]] | [[30 November]] [[1944]] | [[Franklin Roosevelt]] |- |48 | [[Gambar:Edward Stettinius, as lend-lease administrator, September 2, 1941.jpg|75px|Edward Stettinius, Jr.]] | [[Edward Stettinius, Jr.]] | [[Virginia]] | [[1 Dhésèmber]] [[1944]] | [[27 Juni]] [[1945]] | [[Franklin Roosevelt]], [[Harry S. Truman]] |- |49 | [[Gambar:James Francis Byrnes, at his desk, 1943.jpg|75px|James F. Byrnes]] | [[James F. Byrnes]] | [[South Carolina]] | [[3 Juli]] [[1945]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1947]] | rowspan="3"|[[Harry Truman]] |- |50 | [[Gambar:General George C. Marshall, official military photo, 1946.JPEG|75px|George Marshall]] | [[George Marshall]] | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1947]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1949]] |- |51 | [[Gambar:Dean Acheson.jpg|75px|Dean Acheson]] | [[Dean Acheson]] | [[Maryland]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1949]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1953]] |- |52 | [[Gambar:JohnFosterDulles.jpeg|75px|John Foster Dulles]] | [[John Foster Dulles]] | [[New York]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1953]] | [[22 April]] [[1959]] | rowspan="2"|[[Dwight Eisenhower]] |- |53 | [[Gambar:Christian Archibald Herter (politician).jpg|75px|Christian Herter]] | [[Christian Herter]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[22 April]] [[1959]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1961]] |- |54 | [[Gambar:DeanRuskSoS.jpg|75px|Dean Rusk]] | [[Dean Rusk]] | [[New York]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1961]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1969]] | [[John F. Kennedy]], [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] |- |55 | [[Gambar:WilliamPRogersSoS.jpg|75px|William P. Rogers]] | [[William P. Rogers]] | [[Maryland]] | [[22 Januari]] [[1969]] | [[3 September]] [[1973]] | [[Richard Nixon]] |- |56 | [[Gambar:Henry Kissinger.jpg|75px|Henry Kissinger]] | [[Henry Kissinger]] | [[Distrik Columbia]] | [[22 September]] [[1973]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1977]] | [[Richard Nixon]], [[Gerald Ford]] |- |57 | [[Gambar:CyrusVanceSoS.jpg|75px|Cyrus Vance]] | [[Cyrus Vance]] | [[New York]] | [[23 Januari]] [[1977]] | [[28 April]] [[1980]] | rowspan="2"|[[Jimmy Carter]] |- |58 | [[Gambar:Edmund Muskie.jpg|75px|Edmund Muskie]] | [[Edmund Muskie]] | [[Maine]] | [[8 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[18 Januari]] [[1981]] |- |59 | | [[Alexander Haig]] | [[Connecticut]] | [[22 Januari]] [[1981]] | [[5 Juli]] [[1982]] | rowspan="2"|[[Ronald Reagan]] |- |60 | [[Gambar:Shultz.jpg|75px|George P. Shultz]] | [[George P. Shultz]] | [[California]] | [[16 Juli]] [[1982]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1989]] |- |61 | [[Gambar:JamesBaker.jpeg|75px|James Baker]] | [[James Baker]] | [[Texas]] | [[25 Januari]] [[1989]] | [[23 Agustus]] [[1992]] | rowspan="2"|[[George H. W. Bush]] |- |62 | | [[Lawrence Eagleburger]] | [[Florida]] | [[8 Dhésèmber]] [[1992]] | [[19 Januari]] [[1993]] |- |63 | [[Gambar:Warren Christopher.jpg|75px|Warren Christopher]] | [[Warren Christopher]] | [[California]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1993]] | [[17 Januari]] [[1997]] | rowspan="2"|[[Bill Clinton]] |- |64 | [[Gambar:Albrightmadeleine.jpg|75px|Madeline Albright]] | [[Madeleine Albright]] | [[Distrik Columbia]] | [[23 Januari]] [[1997]] | [[19 Januari]] [[2001]] |- |65 | [[Gambar:Colin Powell official Secretary of State photo.jpg|75px|Colin Powell]] | [[Colin Powell]] | [[Virginia]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2001]] | [[26 Januari]] [[2005]] | rowspan="2"|[[George W. Bush]] |- |66 | [[Gambar:Condoleezza Rice.jpg|75px|Condolezza Rice]] | [[Condoleezza Rice]] | [[California]] | [[26 Januari]] [[2005]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2009]] |- |67 | [[Gambar:Hillary Rodham Clinton.jpg|75px|Hillary Clinton]] | [[Hillary Clinton]] | [[New York]] | [[21 Januari]] [[2009]] | Sekarang | [[Barack Obama]] |} === Pratélan Pejabat Sauntara Mantri === <!-- When there is a vacancy as Secretary, the [[United States Assistant Secretary of State]] or the [[United States Deputy Secretary of State]] serves as Acting Secretary of State until the President nominates and the [[United States Senate]] confirms a new Secretary.--> {| class="wikitable" !rowspan="2"| # !rowspan="2"| Jeneng !colspan="2"| Periode Jabatan !rowspan="2"| Ing sangisoré pamaréntahan [[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat|Présidhèn]] |- ! Wiwit ! Nganti |- | 1 | [[John Jay]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1790]] | [[22 Maret]] [[1790]] | [[George Washington]] |- | 2 | [[Timothy Pickering]] | [[20 Agustus]] [[1795]] | [[9 Dhésèmber]] [[1795]] | [[George Washington]] |- | 3 | [[Charles Lee (Attorney General)|Charles Lee]] | [[13 Mèi]] [[1800]] | [[5 Juni]] [[1800]] | [[John Adams]] |- | 4 | [[John Marshall]] | [[4 Fèbruari]] [[1801]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1801]] | [[John Adams]] |- | 5 | [[Levi Lincoln, Sr.]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1801]] | [[1 Mèi]] [[1801]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]] |- | 6 | [[John Graham]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1817]] | [[9 Maret]] [[1817]] | [[James Monroe]] |- | 7 | [[Richard Rush]] | [[10 Maret]] [[1817]] | [[22 September]] [[1817]] | [[James Monroe]] |- | 8 | [[Daniel Brent]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1825]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1825]] | [[John Quincy Adams]] |- | 9 | [[James A. Hamilton]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1829]] | [[27 Maret]] [[1829]] | [[Andrew Jackson]] |- | 10 | [[Jacob L. Martin]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1841]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1841]] | [[William Henry Harrison]] |- | 11 | [[Hugh S. Legaré]] | [[9 Mèi]] [[1843]] | [[20 Juni]] [[1843]] | [[John Tyler]] |- | 12 | [[William S. Derrick]] | [[21 Juni]] [[1843]] | [[23 Juni]] [[1843]] | [[John Tyler]] |- | 13 | [[Abel P. Upshur]] | [[24 Juni]] [[1843]] | [[23 Juli]] [[1843]] | [[John Tyler]] |- | 14 | [[John Nelson (lawyer)|John Nelson]] | [[29 Fèbruari]] [[1844]] | [[31 Maret]] [[1844]] | [[John Tyler]] |- | 15 | [[Charles M. Conrad]] | [[25 Oktober]] [[1852]] | [[5 November]] [[1852]] | [[Millard Fillmore]] |- | 16 | [[William Hunter (Asst. Sec. of State)|William Hunter]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1853]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1853]] | [[Franklin Pierce]] |- | 17 | [[William Hunter (Asst. Sec. of State)|William Hunter]] | [[15 Dhésèmber]] [[1860]] | [[16 Dhésèmber]] [[1860]] | [[James Buchanan]] |- | 18 | [[William F. Wharton]] | [[4 Juni]] [[1892]] | [[29 Juni]] [[1892]] | [[Benjamin Harrison]] |- | 19 | [[William F. Wharton]] | [[24 Fèbruari]] [[1893]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1893]] | [[Benjamin Harrison]] (2/24-3/4), [[Grover Cleveland]] (3/4-3/6) |- | 20 | [[Edwin F. Uhl]] | [[28 Mèi]] [[1895]] | [[9 Juni]] [[1895]] | [[Grover Cleveland]] |- | 21 | [[Alvey A. Adee]] | [[17 September]] [[1898]] | [[29 September]] [[1898]] | [[William McKinley]] |- | 22 | [[Francis B. Loomis]] | [[1 Juli]] [[1905]] | [[18 Juli]] [[1905]] | [[Theodore Roosevelt]] |- | 23 | [[Robert Lansing]] | [[9 Juni]] [[1915]] | [[23 Juni]] [[1915]] | [[Woodrow Wilson]] |- | 24 | [[Frank L. Polk]] | [[14 Fèbruari]] [[1920]] | [[12 Maret]] [[1920]] | [[Woodrow Wilson]] |- | 25 | [[Joseph C. Grew]] | [[28 Juni]] [[1945]] | [[3 Juli]] [[1945]] | [[Harry S. Truman]] |- | 26 | [[H. Freeman Matthews]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1953]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1953]] | [[Dwight Eisenhower]] |- | 27 | [[Livingston T. Merchant]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1961]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1961]] | [[John F. Kennedy]] |- | 28 | [[Charles E. Bohlen]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1969]] | [[22 Januari]] [[1969]] | [[Richard Nixon]] |- | 29 | [[Kenneth Rush]] | [[3 September]] [[1973]] | [[22 September]] [[1973]] | [[Richard Nixon]] |- | 30 | [[Philip C. Habib]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1977]] | [[23 Januari]] [[1977]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 31 | [[Warren Christopher]] | [[28 April]] [[1980]] | [[2 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 32 | [[David Newsom (politician)|David Newsom]] | [[2 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[3 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 33 | [[Richard N. Cooper]] |colspan="2"| [[3 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 34 | [[David Newsom (pulitikus)|David Newsom]] | [[3 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[4 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 35 | [[Warren Christopher]] | [[4 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[8 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 36 | [[Walter J. Stoessel, Jr.]] | [[5 Juli]] [[1982]] | [[16 Juli]] [[1982]] | [[Ronald Reagan]] |- | 37 | [[Michael H. Armacost]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1989]] | [[25 Januari]] [[1989]] | [[George H. W. Bush]] |- | 38 | [[Lawrence Eagleburger]] | [[23 Agustus]] [[1992]] | [[8 Dhésèmber]] [[1992]] | [[George H. W. Bush]] |- | 39 | [[Arnold Lee Kanter]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1993]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2025]] | [[Bill Clinton]] |- | 40 | [[Frank G. Wisner]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1993]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2025]] | [[Bill Clinton]] |} == Uga delengen == * [[Wakil Mantri Jaban Rangkah Améika Sarékat]] * [[Asisten Mantri Luar Negeri Amérika Sarékat]] * [[Asisten Kedua Mantri Luar Negeri Amérika Sarékat]] == Rujukan == * {{cite web | year = 2005 | url = http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/1682.htm | title = Secretaries of State, 1791-2005 | publisher = [[United States Department of State]] | accessdate = 9 April 2006 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20020616014938/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/1682.htm | archivedate = 16 June 2002 | url-status = live }} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/rls/dos/436.htm The Department of State's organization page]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020223180638/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/c1791.htm The Department of State's list of current or former positions and titles]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020616014938/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/1682.htm Daftar Menteri Luar Negeri AS] {{Kabinèt AS}} [[Kategori:Pratélan mawa topik Amérika Sarékat|Jaban Rangkah]] [[Kategori:Pamaréntahan Amérika Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Mantri Jaban Rangkah Amérika Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Mantri Jaban Rangkah|Amérika Sarékat]] 8dya99bl42hrk1rlarqltqgjxhw9n71 1752729 1752728 2026-08-16T17:42:26Z ~2026-44888-06 74095 /* Pratélan Pejabat Sauntara Mantri */ 1752729 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Seal of the United States Department of State.svg|thumb|180px|right|Lambang Departemen Jaban Rangkah Amérika Sarékat]] '''Mantri Jaban Rangkah Améika Sarékat''' ([[basa Inggris]]: ''United States State Secretary'' utawa ''United States Secretary of State'') iku pimpinan saka [[Departemen Jaban Rangkah Améika Sarékat]], sing magepokan karo [[urusan jabang rangkah]]. Mantri iki minangka anggota saka [[Kabinèt Amérika Sarkat|Kabinèt]] [[Présidhèn Améika Sarékat|Présidhèn]] [[Améika Sarékat]]. Mantri Jaban Rangkah Amérika Sarékat wujud kalungguhan paling dhuwur sajeroning kabinèt, ya iku urutan angka 4 yèn Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat ana alangan utawa tilar donya. Mantri Jaban Rangkah Amérika Sarékat wektu iki ya iku [[Marco Rubio]] kanggo mangsa kalungguhan [[2025]]-. == Pratélan Mantri == {| class="wikitable" !rowspan="2"| # !rowspan="2"| Foto !rowspan="2"| Jeneng !rowspan="2"| Asal Praja !colspan="2"| Periode Jabatan !rowspan="2"| Ing sangisoré kapemimpinan [[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat|Présidhèn]] |- ! Wiwit ! Nganti |- |1 | [[Gambar:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800.jpg|75px|Thomas Jefferson]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]] | [[Virginia]] | [[26 September]] [[1789]] | [[31 Dhésèmber]] [[1793]] | rowspan="2"|[[George Washington]] |- |2 | [[Gambar:EdRand.jpg|75px|Edmund Randolph]] | [[Edmund Randolph]] | [[Virginia]] | [[2 Januari]] [[1794]] | [[20 Agustus]] [[1795]] |- |3 | [[Gambar:Timothy-Pickering.jpg|75px|Timothy Pickering]] | [[Timothy Pickering]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[10 Dhésèmber]] [[1795]] | [[12 Mèi]] [[1800]] | [[George Washington]], [[John Adams]] |- |4 | [[Gambar:CJMarshall.jpg|75px|John Marshall]] | [[John Marshall]] | [[Virginia]] | [[13 Juni]] [[1800]] | [[4 Fèbruari]] [[1801]] | [[John Adams]] |- |5 | [[Gambar:James Madison (cropped 3x4 close).jpg|75px|James Madison]] | [[James Madison]] | [[Virginia]] | [[2 Mèi]] [[1801]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1809]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]] |- |6 | [[Gambar:Robert_Smith_SecNavy.jpg|75px|Robert Smith]] | [[Robert Smith (cabinet)|Robert Smith]] | [[Maryland]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1809]] | [[1 April]] [[1811]] | rowspan="3"|[[James Madison]] |- |rowspan="2"| 7 |rowspan="2"| [[Gambar:Jamesmonroe-npgallery.jpg|75px|James Monroe]] |rowspan="2"| [[James Monroe]] |rowspan="2"| [[Virginia]] | [[2 April]] [[1811]] | [[30 September]] [[1814]] |- | [[28 Fèbruari]] [[1815]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1817]] |- |8 | [[Gambar:John Quincy Adams.jpg|75px|John Quincy Adams]] | [[John Quincy Adams]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1817]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1825]] | [[James Monroe]] |- |9 | [[Gambar:Henry Clay.JPG|75px|Henry Clay]] | [[Henry Clay]] | [[Kentucky]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1825]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1829]] | [[John Quincy Adams]] |- |10 | [[Gambar:Martin Van Buren.jpg|75px|Martin Van Buren]] | [[Martin Van Buren]] | [[New York]] | [[28 Maret]] [[1829]] | [[23 Mèi]] [[1831]] | rowspan="3"|[[Andrew Jackson]] |- |11 | [[Gambar:Edward Livingston of New York.jpg|75px|Edward Livingston]] | [[Edward Livingston]] | [[Louisiana]] | [[24 Mèi]] [[1831]] | [[29 Mèi]] [[1833]] |- |12 | [[Gambar:LouisMcLane55.jpg|75px|Louis McLane]] | [[Louis McLane]] | [[Delaware]] | [[29 Mèi]] [[1833]] | [[30 Juni]] [[1834]] |- |13 | [[Gambar:JohnForsythSoS11.jpg|75px|John Forsyth]] | [[John Forsyth (politician)|John Forsyth]] | [[Georgia (Amérika Sarékat)|Georgia]] | [[1 Juli]] [[1834]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1841]] | [[Andrew Jackson]], [[Martin Van Buren]] |- |14 | [[Gambar:DanWebster.jpg|75px|Daniel Webster]] | [[Daniel Webster]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1841]] | [[8 Mèi]] [[1843]] | [[William Henry Harrison|William Harrison]], [[John Tyler]] |- |15 | [[Gambar:Abel P. Upshur SecNavy.jpg|75px|Abel P. Upshur]] | [[Abel P. Upshur]] | [[Virginia]] | [[24 Juli]] [[1843]] | [[28 Fèbruari]] [[1844]] | rowspan="2"|[[John Tyler]] |- |16 | [[Gambar:JohnCCalhoun.jpeg|75px|John C. Calhoun]] | [[John C. Calhoun]] | [[South Carolina]] | [[1 April]] [[1844]] | [[10 Maret]] [[1845]] |- |17 | [[Gambar:James Buchanan.jpg|75px|James Buchanan]] | [[James Buchanan]] | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[10 Maret]] [[1845]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1849]] | [[James Polk]] |- |18 | [[Gambar:John_Clayton.jpg|75px|John M. Clayton]] | [[John M. Clayton]] | [[Delaware]] | [[8 Maret]] [[1849]] | [[22 Juli]] [[1850]] | [[Zachary Taylor]], [[Millard Fillmore]] |- |19 | [[Gambar:DanWebster.jpg|75px|Daniel Webster]] | [[Daniel Webster]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[23 Juli]] [[1850]] | [[24 Oktober]] [[1852]] | rowspan="2"|[[Millard Fillmore]] |- |20 | [[Gambar:Edward Everett.jpg|75px|Edward Everett]] | [[Edward Everett]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[6 November]] [[1852]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1853]] |- |21 | [[Gambar:William L. Marcy - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|William L. Marcy]] | [[William L. Marcy]] | [[New York]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1853]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1857]] | [[Franklin Pierce]] |- |22 | [[Gambar:Lewis Cass - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|Lewis Cass]] | [[Lewis Cass]] | [[Michigan]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1857]] | [[14 Dhésèmber]] [[1860]] | rowspan="2"|[[James Buchanan]] |- |23 | [[Gambar:Judge Jeremiah Black.jpg|75px|Jermiah S. Black]] | [[Jeremiah S. Black]] | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[17 Dhésèmber]] [[1860]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1861]] |- |24 | [[Gambar:William Seward, Secretary of State, bw photo portrait circa 1860-1865.jpg|75px|William M. Seward]] | [[William H. Seward]] | [[New York]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1861]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1869]] | [[Abraham Lincoln]], [[Andrew Johnson]] |- |25 | [[Gambar:Elihu B. Washburne - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|Elihu B. Washburne]] | [[Elihu B. Washburne]] | [[Illinois]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1869]] | [[16 Maret]] [[1869]] | rowspan="2"|[[Ulysses Grant]] |- |26 | [[Gambar:Fish-Hamilton-LOC.jpg|75px|Hamilton Fish]] | [[Hamilton Fish]] | [[New York]] | [[17 Maret]] [[1869]] | [[12 Maret]] [[1877]] |- |27 | [[Gambar:William M. Evarts - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|William M. Evarts]] | [[William M. Evarts]] | [[New York]] | [[12 Maret]] [[1877]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1881]] | [[Rutherford Hayes]] |- |28 | [[Gambar:James G. Blaine - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|James G. Blaine]] | [[James G. Blaine]] | [[Maine]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1881]] | [[19 Dhésèmber]] [[1881]] | [[James Garfield]], [[Chester A. Arthur]] |- |29 | [[Gambar:Frederick T. Frelinghuysen - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|Frederick T. Frelinghuysen]] | [[Frederick T. Frelinghuysen]] | [[New Jersey]] | [[19 Dhésèmber]] [[1881]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1885]] | [[Chester Arthur]] |- |30 | [[Gambar:Thomas F. Bayard, Brady-Handy photo portrait, circa 1870-1880.jpg|75px|Thomas F. Bayard]] | [[Thomas F. Bayard|Thomas F. Bayard, Sr.]] | [[Delaware]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1885]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1889]] | [[Grover Cleveland]] |- |31 | [[Gambar:James G. Blaine - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|James G. Blaine]] | [[James G. Blaine]] | [[Maine]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1889]] | [[4 Juni]] [[1892]] | rowspan="2"|[[Benjamin Harrison]] |- |32 | [[Gambar:JohnWatsonFosterSoS.jpg|75px|John W. Foster]] | [[John W. Foster]] | [[Indiana]] | [[29 Juni]] [[1892]] | [[23 Fèbruari]] [[1893]] |- |33 | [[Gambar:Walter Q. Gresham - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|Walter Q. Gresham]] | [[Walter Q. Gresham]] | [[Illinois]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1893]] | [[28 Mèi]] [[1895]] | rowspan="2"|[[Grover Cleveland]] |- |34 | [[Gambar:Richard Olney, Bain bw photo portrait, 1913.jpg|75px|Richard Olney]] | [[Richard Olney]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[10 Juni]] [[1895]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1897]] |- |35 | [[Gambar:John-Sherman-2.jpg|75px|John Sherman]] | [[John Sherman (politician)|John Sherman]] | [[Ohio]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1897]] | [[27 April]] [[1898]] | rowspan="2"|[[William McKinley]] |- |36 | [[Gambar:William Rufus Day, bw photo portrait, 1906.jpg|75px|William R. Day]] | [[William R. Day]] | [[Ohio]] | [[28 April]] [[1898]] | [[16 September]] [[1898]] |- |37 | [[Gambar:John Hay, bw photo portrait, 1897.jpg|75px|John Hay]] | [[John Hay]] | [[Distrik Columbia]] | [[30 September]] [[1898]] | [[1 Juli]] [[1905]] | [[William McKinley]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]] |- |38 | [[Gambar:Elihu Root, bw photo portrait, 1902.jpg|75px|Elihu Root]] | [[Elihu Root]] | [[New York]] | [[19 Juli]] [[1905]] | [[27 Januari]] [[1909]] | rowspan="2"|[[Theodore Roosevelt]] |- |39 | [[Gambar:Bacon, Robert.jpg|75px|Robert Bacon]] | [[Robert Bacon]] | [[New York]] | [[27 Januari]] [[1909]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1909]] |- |40 | [[Gambar:Philander Knox, bw photo portrait, 1904.jpg|75px|Philander C. Knox]] | [[Philander C. Knox]] | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1909]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1913]] | [[William Taft]] |- |41 | [[Gambar:William Jennings Bryan.JPG|75px|William Jennings Bryan]] | [[William Jennings Bryan]] | [[Nebraska]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1913]] | [[9 Juni]] [[1915]] | rowspan="3"|[[Woodrow Wilson]] |- |42 | [[Gambar:Robert Lansing.jpg|75px|Robert Lansing]] | [[Robert Lansing]] | [[New York]] | [[24 Juni]] [[1915]] | [[13 Fèbruari]] [[1920]] |- |43 | [[Gambar:Bainbridge Colby, bw photo portrait, 1920.jpg|75px|Bainbridge Colby]] | [[Bainbridge Colby]] | [[New York]] | [[23 Maret]] [[1920]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1921]] |- |44 | [[Gambar:Governor_Charles_Evans_Hughes.jpg|75px|Charles Evans Hughes]] | [[Charles Evans Hughes]] | [[New York]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1921]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1925]] | [[Warren Harding]], [[Calvin Coolidge]] |- |45 | [[Gambar:FrankKellogg.jpg|75px|Frank B. Kellogg]] | [[Frank B. Kellogg]] | [[Minnesota]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1925]] | [[28 Maret]] [[1929]] | [[Calvin Coolidge]], [[Herbert Hoover]] |- |46 | [[Gambar:Henry Stimson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1929.jpg|75px|Henry L. Stimson]] | [[Henry L. Stimson]] | [[New York]] | [[28 Maret]] [[1929]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1933]] | [[Herbert Hoover]] |- |47 | [[Gambar:Hull-Cordell-LOC.jpg|75px|Cordell Hull]] | [[Cordell Hull]] | [[Tennessee]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1933]] | [[30 November]] [[1944]] | [[Franklin Roosevelt]] |- |48 | [[Gambar:Edward Stettinius, as lend-lease administrator, September 2, 1941.jpg|75px|Edward Stettinius, Jr.]] | [[Edward Stettinius, Jr.]] | [[Virginia]] | [[1 Dhésèmber]] [[1944]] | [[27 Juni]] [[1945]] | [[Franklin Roosevelt]], [[Harry S. Truman]] |- |49 | [[Gambar:James Francis Byrnes, at his desk, 1943.jpg|75px|James F. Byrnes]] | [[James F. Byrnes]] | [[South Carolina]] | [[3 Juli]] [[1945]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1947]] | rowspan="3"|[[Harry Truman]] |- |50 | [[Gambar:General George C. Marshall, official military photo, 1946.JPEG|75px|George Marshall]] | [[George Marshall]] | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1947]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1949]] |- |51 | [[Gambar:Dean Acheson.jpg|75px|Dean Acheson]] | [[Dean Acheson]] | [[Maryland]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1949]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1953]] |- |52 | [[Gambar:JohnFosterDulles.jpeg|75px|John Foster Dulles]] | [[John Foster Dulles]] | [[New York]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1953]] | [[22 April]] [[1959]] | rowspan="2"|[[Dwight Eisenhower]] |- |53 | [[Gambar:Christian Archibald Herter (politician).jpg|75px|Christian Herter]] | [[Christian Herter]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[22 April]] [[1959]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1961]] |- |54 | [[Gambar:DeanRuskSoS.jpg|75px|Dean Rusk]] | [[Dean Rusk]] | [[New York]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1961]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1969]] | [[John F. Kennedy]], [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] |- |55 | [[Gambar:WilliamPRogersSoS.jpg|75px|William P. Rogers]] | [[William P. Rogers]] | [[Maryland]] | [[22 Januari]] [[1969]] | [[3 September]] [[1973]] | [[Richard Nixon]] |- |56 | [[Gambar:Henry Kissinger.jpg|75px|Henry Kissinger]] | [[Henry Kissinger]] | [[Distrik Columbia]] | [[22 September]] [[1973]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1977]] | [[Richard Nixon]], [[Gerald Ford]] |- |57 | [[Gambar:CyrusVanceSoS.jpg|75px|Cyrus Vance]] | [[Cyrus Vance]] | [[New York]] | [[23 Januari]] [[1977]] | [[28 April]] [[1980]] | rowspan="2"|[[Jimmy Carter]] |- |58 | [[Gambar:Edmund Muskie.jpg|75px|Edmund Muskie]] | [[Edmund Muskie]] | [[Maine]] | [[8 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[18 Januari]] [[1981]] |- |59 | | [[Alexander Haig]] | [[Connecticut]] | [[22 Januari]] [[1981]] | [[5 Juli]] [[1982]] | rowspan="2"|[[Ronald Reagan]] |- |60 | [[Gambar:Shultz.jpg|75px|George P. Shultz]] | [[George P. Shultz]] | [[California]] | [[16 Juli]] [[1982]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1989]] |- |61 | [[Gambar:JamesBaker.jpeg|75px|James Baker]] | [[James Baker]] | [[Texas]] | [[25 Januari]] [[1989]] | [[23 Agustus]] [[1992]] | rowspan="2"|[[George H. W. Bush]] |- |62 | | [[Lawrence Eagleburger]] | [[Florida]] | [[8 Dhésèmber]] [[1992]] | [[19 Januari]] [[1993]] |- |63 | [[Gambar:Warren Christopher.jpg|75px|Warren Christopher]] | [[Warren Christopher]] | [[California]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1993]] | [[17 Januari]] [[1997]] | rowspan="2"|[[Bill Clinton]] |- |64 | [[Gambar:Albrightmadeleine.jpg|75px|Madeline Albright]] | [[Madeleine Albright]] | [[Distrik Columbia]] | [[23 Januari]] [[1997]] | [[19 Januari]] [[2001]] |- |65 | [[Gambar:Colin Powell official Secretary of State photo.jpg|75px|Colin Powell]] | [[Colin Powell]] | [[Virginia]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2001]] | [[26 Januari]] [[2005]] | rowspan="2"|[[George W. Bush]] |- |66 | [[Gambar:Condoleezza Rice.jpg|75px|Condolezza Rice]] | [[Condoleezza Rice]] | [[California]] | [[26 Januari]] [[2005]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2009]] |- |67 | [[Gambar:Hillary Rodham Clinton.jpg|75px|Hillary Clinton]] | [[Hillary Clinton]] | [[New York]] | [[21 Januari]] [[2009]] | Sekarang | [[Barack Obama]] |} === Pratélan Pejabat Sauntara Mantri === <!-- When there is a vacancy as Secretary, the [[United States Assistant Secretary of State]] or the [[United States Deputy Secretary of State]] serves as Acting Secretary of State until the President nominates and the [[United States Senate]] confirms a new Secretary.--> {| class="wikitable" !rowspan="2"| # !rowspan="2"| Jeneng !colspan="2"| Periode Jabatan !rowspan="2"| Ing sangisoré pamaréntahan [[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat|Présidhèn]] |- ! Wiwit ! Nganti |- | 1 | [[John Jay]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1790]] | [[22 Maret]] [[1790]] | [[George Washington]] |- | 2 | [[Timothy Pickering]] | [[20 Agustus]] [[1795]] | [[9 Dhésèmber]] [[1795]] | [[George Washington]] |- | 3 | [[Charles Lee (Attorney General)|Charles Lee]] | [[13 Mèi]] [[1800]] | [[5 Juni]] [[1800]] | [[John Adams]] |- | 4 | [[John Marshall]] | [[4 Fèbruari]] [[1801]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1801]] | [[John Adams]] |- | 5 | [[Levi Lincoln, Sr.]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1801]] | [[1 Mèi]] [[1801]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]] |- | 6 | [[John Graham]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1817]] | [[9 Maret]] [[1817]] | [[James Monroe]] |- | 7 | [[Richard Rush]] | [[10 Maret]] [[1817]] | [[22 September]] [[1817]] | [[James Monroe]] |- | 8 | [[Daniel Brent]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1825]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1825]] | [[John Quincy Adams]] |- | 9 | [[James A. Hamilton]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1829]] | [[27 Maret]] [[1829]] | [[Andrew Jackson]] |- | 10 | [[Jacob L. Martin]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1841]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1841]] | [[William Henry Harrison]] |- | 11 | [[Hugh S. Legaré]] | [[9 Mèi]] [[1843]] | [[20 Juni]] [[1843]] | [[John Tyler]] |- | 12 | [[William S. Derrick]] | [[21 Juni]] [[1843]] | [[23 Juni]] [[1843]] | [[John Tyler]] |- | 13 | [[Abel P. Upshur]] | [[24 Juni]] [[1843]] | [[23 Juli]] [[1843]] | [[John Tyler]] |- | 14 | [[John Nelson (lawyer)|John Nelson]] | [[29 Fèbruari]] [[1844]] | [[31 Maret]] [[1844]] | [[John Tyler]] |- | 15 | [[Charles M. Conrad]] | [[25 Oktober]] [[1852]] | [[5 November]] [[1852]] | [[Millard Fillmore]] |- | 16 | [[William Hunter (Asst. Sec. of State)|William Hunter]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1853]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1853]] | [[Franklin Pierce]] |- | 17 | [[William Hunter (Asst. Sec. of State)|William Hunter]] | [[15 Dhésèmber]] [[1860]] | [[16 Dhésèmber]] [[1860]] | [[James Buchanan]] |- | 18 | [[William F. Wharton]] | [[4 Juni]] [[1892]] | [[29 Juni]] [[1892]] | [[Benjamin Harrison]] |- | 19 | [[William F. Wharton]] | [[24 Fèbruari]] [[1893]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1893]] | [[Benjamin Harrison]] (2/24-3/4), [[Grover Cleveland]] (3/4-3/6) |- | 20 | [[Edwin F. Uhl]] | [[28 Mèi]] [[1895]] | [[9 Juni]] [[1895]] | [[Grover Cleveland]] |- | 21 | [[Alvey A. Adee]] | [[17 September]] [[1898]] | [[29 September]] [[1898]] | [[William McKinley]] |- | 22 | [[Francis B. Loomis]] | [[1 Juli]] [[1905]] | [[18 Juli]] [[1905]] | [[Theodore Roosevelt]] |- | 23 | [[Robert Lansing]] | [[9 Juni]] [[1915]] | [[23 Juni]] [[1915]] | [[Woodrow Wilson]] |- | 24 | [[Frank L. Polk]] | [[14 Fèbruari]] [[1920]] | [[12 Maret]] [[1920]] | [[Woodrow Wilson]] |- | 25 | [[Joseph C. Grew]] | [[28 Juni]] [[1945]] | [[3 Juli]] [[1945]] | [[Harry S. Truman]] |- | 26 | [[H. Freeman Matthews]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1953]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1953]] | [[Dwight Eisenhower]] |- | 27 | [[Livingston T. Merchant]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1961]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1961]] | [[John F. Kennedy]] |- | 28 | [[Charles E. Bohlen]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1969]] | [[22 Januari]] [[1969]] | [[Richard Nixon]] |- | 29 | [[Kenneth Rush]] | [[3 September]] [[1973]] | [[22 September]] [[1973]] | [[Richard Nixon]] |- | 30 | [[Philip C. Habib]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1977]] | [[23 Januari]] [[1977]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 31 | [[Warren Christopher]] | [[28 April]] [[1980]] | [[2 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 32 | [[David Newsom (politician)|David Newsom]] | [[2 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[3 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 33 | [[Richard N. Cooper]] |colspan="2"| [[3 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 34 | [[David Newsom (pulitikus)|David Newsom]] | [[3 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[4 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 35 | [[Warren Christopher]] | [[4 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[8 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 36 | [[Walter J. Stoessel, Jr.]] | [[5 Juli]] [[1982]] | [[16 Juli]] [[1982]] | [[Ronald Reagan]] |- | 37 | [[Michael H. Armacost]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1989]] | [[25 Januari]] [[1989]] | [[George H. W. Bush]] |- | 38 | [[Lawrence Eagleburger]] | [[23 Agustus]] [[1992]] | [[8 Dhésèmber]] [[1992]] | [[George H. W. Bush]] |- | 39 | [[Arnold Lee Kanter]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1993]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2001]] | [[Bill Clinton]] |- | 40 | [[Frank G. Wisner]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1993]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2001]] | [[Bill Clinton]] |} == Uga delengen == * [[Wakil Mantri Jaban Rangkah Améika Sarékat]] * [[Asisten Mantri Luar Negeri Amérika Sarékat]] * [[Asisten Kedua Mantri Luar Negeri Amérika Sarékat]] == Rujukan == * {{cite web | year = 2005 | url = http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/1682.htm | title = Secretaries of State, 1791-2005 | publisher = [[United States Department of State]] | accessdate = 9 April 2006 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20020616014938/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/1682.htm | archivedate = 16 June 2002 | url-status = live }} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/rls/dos/436.htm The Department of State's organization page]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020223180638/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/c1791.htm The Department of State's list of current or former positions and titles]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020616014938/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/1682.htm Daftar Menteri Luar Negeri AS] {{Kabinèt AS}} [[Kategori:Pratélan mawa topik Amérika Sarékat|Jaban Rangkah]] [[Kategori:Pamaréntahan Amérika Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Mantri Jaban Rangkah Amérika Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Mantri Jaban Rangkah|Amérika Sarékat]] dvfkz83s3jklbvr2xqil3e6lwacio5e 1752730 1752729 2026-08-16T17:43:23Z ~2026-44888-06 74095 /* Pratélan Mantri */ 1752730 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Gambar:Seal of the United States Department of State.svg|thumb|180px|right|Lambang Departemen Jaban Rangkah Amérika Sarékat]] '''Mantri Jaban Rangkah Améika Sarékat''' ([[basa Inggris]]: ''United States State Secretary'' utawa ''United States Secretary of State'') iku pimpinan saka [[Departemen Jaban Rangkah Améika Sarékat]], sing magepokan karo [[urusan jabang rangkah]]. Mantri iki minangka anggota saka [[Kabinèt Amérika Sarkat|Kabinèt]] [[Présidhèn Améika Sarékat|Présidhèn]] [[Améika Sarékat]]. Mantri Jaban Rangkah Amérika Sarékat wujud kalungguhan paling dhuwur sajeroning kabinèt, ya iku urutan angka 4 yèn Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat ana alangan utawa tilar donya. Mantri Jaban Rangkah Amérika Sarékat wektu iki ya iku [[Marco Rubio]] kanggo mangsa kalungguhan [[2025]]-. == Pratélan Mantri == {| class="wikitable" !rowspan="2"| # !rowspan="2"| Foto !rowspan="2"| Jeneng !rowspan="2"| Asal Praja !colspan="2"| Periode Jabatan !rowspan="2"| Ing sangisoré kapemimpinan [[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat|Présidhèn]] |- ! Wiwit ! Nganti |- |1 | [[Gambar:Thomas_Jefferson_by_Rembrandt_Peale,_1800.jpg|75px|Thomas Jefferson]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]] | [[Virginia]] | [[26 September]] [[1789]] | [[31 Dhésèmber]] [[1793]] | rowspan="2"|[[George Washington]] |- |2 | [[Gambar:EdRand.jpg|75px|Edmund Randolph]] | [[Edmund Randolph]] | [[Virginia]] | [[2 Januari]] [[1794]] | [[20 Agustus]] [[1795]] |- |3 | [[Gambar:Timothy-Pickering.jpg|75px|Timothy Pickering]] | [[Timothy Pickering]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[10 Dhésèmber]] [[1795]] | [[12 Mèi]] [[1800]] | [[George Washington]], [[John Adams]] |- |4 | [[Gambar:CJMarshall.jpg|75px|John Marshall]] | [[John Marshall]] | [[Virginia]] | [[13 Juni]] [[1800]] | [[4 Fèbruari]] [[1801]] | [[John Adams]] |- |5 | [[Gambar:James Madison (cropped 3x4 close).jpg|75px|James Madison]] | [[James Madison]] | [[Virginia]] | [[2 Mèi]] [[1801]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1809]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]] |- |6 | [[Gambar:Robert_Smith_SecNavy.jpg|75px|Robert Smith]] | [[Robert Smith (cabinet)|Robert Smith]] | [[Maryland]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1809]] | [[1 April]] [[1811]] | rowspan="3"|[[James Madison]] |- |rowspan="2"| 7 |rowspan="2"| [[Gambar:Jamesmonroe-npgallery.jpg|75px|James Monroe]] |rowspan="2"| [[James Monroe]] |rowspan="2"| [[Virginia]] | [[2 April]] [[1811]] | [[30 September]] [[1814]] |- | [[28 Fèbruari]] [[1815]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1817]] |- |8 | [[Gambar:John Quincy Adams.jpg|75px|John Quincy Adams]] | [[John Quincy Adams]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1817]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1825]] | [[James Monroe]] |- |9 | [[Gambar:Henry Clay.JPG|75px|Henry Clay]] | [[Henry Clay]] | [[Kentucky]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1825]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1829]] | [[John Quincy Adams]] |- |10 | [[Gambar:Martin Van Buren.jpg|75px|Martin Van Buren]] | [[Martin Van Buren]] | [[New York]] | [[28 Maret]] [[1829]] | [[23 Mèi]] [[1831]] | rowspan="3"|[[Andrew Jackson]] |- |11 | [[Gambar:Edward Livingston of New York.jpg|75px|Edward Livingston]] | [[Edward Livingston]] | [[Louisiana]] | [[24 Mèi]] [[1831]] | [[29 Mèi]] [[1833]] |- |12 | [[Gambar:LouisMcLane55.jpg|75px|Louis McLane]] | [[Louis McLane]] | [[Delaware]] | [[29 Mèi]] [[1833]] | [[30 Juni]] [[1834]] |- |13 | [[Gambar:JohnForsythSoS11.jpg|75px|John Forsyth]] | [[John Forsyth (politician)|John Forsyth]] | [[Georgia (Amérika Sarékat)|Georgia]] | [[1 Juli]] [[1834]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1841]] | [[Andrew Jackson]], [[Martin Van Buren]] |- |14 | [[Gambar:DanWebster.jpg|75px|Daniel Webster]] | [[Daniel Webster]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1841]] | [[8 Mèi]] [[1843]] | [[William Henry Harrison|William Harrison]], [[John Tyler]] |- |15 | [[Gambar:Abel P. Upshur SecNavy.jpg|75px|Abel P. Upshur]] | [[Abel P. Upshur]] | [[Virginia]] | [[24 Juli]] [[1843]] | [[28 Fèbruari]] [[1844]] | rowspan="2"|[[John Tyler]] |- |16 | [[Gambar:JohnCCalhoun.jpeg|75px|John C. Calhoun]] | [[John C. Calhoun]] | [[South Carolina]] | [[1 April]] [[1844]] | [[10 Maret]] [[1845]] |- |17 | [[Gambar:James Buchanan.jpg|75px|James Buchanan]] | [[James Buchanan]] | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[10 Maret]] [[1845]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1849]] | [[James Polk]] |- |18 | [[Gambar:John_Clayton.jpg|75px|John M. Clayton]] | [[John M. Clayton]] | [[Delaware]] | [[8 Maret]] [[1849]] | [[22 Juli]] [[1850]] | [[Zachary Taylor]], [[Millard Fillmore]] |- |19 | [[Gambar:DanWebster.jpg|75px|Daniel Webster]] | [[Daniel Webster]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[23 Juli]] [[1850]] | [[24 Oktober]] [[1852]] | rowspan="2"|[[Millard Fillmore]] |- |20 | [[Gambar:Edward Everett.jpg|75px|Edward Everett]] | [[Edward Everett]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[6 November]] [[1852]] | [[3 Maret]] [[1853]] |- |21 | [[Gambar:William L. Marcy - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|William L. Marcy]] | [[William L. Marcy]] | [[New York]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1853]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1857]] | [[Franklin Pierce]] |- |22 | [[Gambar:Lewis Cass - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|Lewis Cass]] | [[Lewis Cass]] | [[Michigan]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1857]] | [[14 Dhésèmber]] [[1860]] | rowspan="2"|[[James Buchanan]] |- |23 | [[Gambar:Judge Jeremiah Black.jpg|75px|Jermiah S. Black]] | [[Jeremiah S. Black]] | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[17 Dhésèmber]] [[1860]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1861]] |- |24 | [[Gambar:William Seward, Secretary of State, bw photo portrait circa 1860-1865.jpg|75px|William M. Seward]] | [[William H. Seward]] | [[New York]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1861]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1869]] | [[Abraham Lincoln]], [[Andrew Johnson]] |- |25 | [[Gambar:Elihu B. Washburne - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|Elihu B. Washburne]] | [[Elihu B. Washburne]] | [[Illinois]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1869]] | [[16 Maret]] [[1869]] | rowspan="2"|[[Ulysses Grant]] |- |26 | [[Gambar:Fish-Hamilton-LOC.jpg|75px|Hamilton Fish]] | [[Hamilton Fish]] | [[New York]] | [[17 Maret]] [[1869]] | [[12 Maret]] [[1877]] |- |27 | [[Gambar:William M. Evarts - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|William M. Evarts]] | [[William M. Evarts]] | [[New York]] | [[12 Maret]] [[1877]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1881]] | [[Rutherford Hayes]] |- |28 | [[Gambar:James G. Blaine - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|James G. Blaine]] | [[James G. Blaine]] | [[Maine]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1881]] | [[19 Dhésèmber]] [[1881]] | [[James Garfield]], [[Chester A. Arthur]] |- |29 | [[Gambar:Frederick T. Frelinghuysen - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|Frederick T. Frelinghuysen]] | [[Frederick T. Frelinghuysen]] | [[New Jersey]] | [[19 Dhésèmber]] [[1881]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1885]] | [[Chester Arthur]] |- |30 | [[Gambar:Thomas F. Bayard, Brady-Handy photo portrait, circa 1870-1880.jpg|75px|Thomas F. Bayard]] | [[Thomas F. Bayard|Thomas F. Bayard, Sr.]] | [[Delaware]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1885]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1889]] | [[Grover Cleveland]] |- |31 | [[Gambar:James G. Blaine - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|James G. Blaine]] | [[James G. Blaine]] | [[Maine]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1889]] | [[4 Juni]] [[1892]] | rowspan="2"|[[Benjamin Harrison]] |- |32 | [[Gambar:JohnWatsonFosterSoS.jpg|75px|John W. Foster]] | [[John W. Foster]] | [[Indiana]] | [[29 Juni]] [[1892]] | [[23 Fèbruari]] [[1893]] |- |33 | [[Gambar:Walter Q. Gresham - Brady-Handy.jpg|75px|Walter Q. Gresham]] | [[Walter Q. Gresham]] | [[Illinois]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1893]] | [[28 Mèi]] [[1895]] | rowspan="2"|[[Grover Cleveland]] |- |34 | [[Gambar:Richard Olney, Bain bw photo portrait, 1913.jpg|75px|Richard Olney]] | [[Richard Olney]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[10 Juni]] [[1895]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1897]] |- |35 | [[Gambar:John-Sherman-2.jpg|75px|John Sherman]] | [[John Sherman (politician)|John Sherman]] | [[Ohio]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1897]] | [[27 April]] [[1898]] | rowspan="2"|[[William McKinley]] |- |36 | [[Gambar:William Rufus Day, bw photo portrait, 1906.jpg|75px|William R. Day]] | [[William R. Day]] | [[Ohio]] | [[28 April]] [[1898]] | [[16 September]] [[1898]] |- |37 | [[Gambar:John Hay, bw photo portrait, 1897.jpg|75px|John Hay]] | [[John Hay]] | [[Distrik Columbia]] | [[30 September]] [[1898]] | [[1 Juli]] [[1905]] | [[William McKinley]], [[Theodore Roosevelt]] |- |38 | [[Gambar:Elihu Root, bw photo portrait, 1902.jpg|75px|Elihu Root]] | [[Elihu Root]] | [[New York]] | [[19 Juli]] [[1905]] | [[27 Januari]] [[1909]] | rowspan="2"|[[Theodore Roosevelt]] |- |39 | [[Gambar:Bacon, Robert.jpg|75px|Robert Bacon]] | [[Robert Bacon]] | [[New York]] | [[27 Januari]] [[1909]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1909]] |- |40 | [[Gambar:Philander Knox, bw photo portrait, 1904.jpg|75px|Philander C. Knox]] | [[Philander C. Knox]] | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1909]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1913]] | [[William Taft]] |- |41 | [[Gambar:William Jennings Bryan.JPG|75px|William Jennings Bryan]] | [[William Jennings Bryan]] | [[Nebraska]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1913]] | [[9 Juni]] [[1915]] | rowspan="3"|[[Woodrow Wilson]] |- |42 | [[Gambar:Robert Lansing.jpg|75px|Robert Lansing]] | [[Robert Lansing]] | [[New York]] | [[24 Juni]] [[1915]] | [[13 Fèbruari]] [[1920]] |- |43 | [[Gambar:Bainbridge Colby, bw photo portrait, 1920.jpg|75px|Bainbridge Colby]] | [[Bainbridge Colby]] | [[New York]] | [[23 Maret]] [[1920]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1921]] |- |44 | [[Gambar:Governor_Charles_Evans_Hughes.jpg|75px|Charles Evans Hughes]] | [[Charles Evans Hughes]] | [[New York]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1921]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1925]] | [[Warren Harding]], [[Calvin Coolidge]] |- |45 | [[Gambar:FrankKellogg.jpg|75px|Frank B. Kellogg]] | [[Frank B. Kellogg]] | [[Minnesota]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1925]] | [[28 Maret]] [[1929]] | [[Calvin Coolidge]], [[Herbert Hoover]] |- |46 | [[Gambar:Henry Stimson, Harris & Ewing bw photo portrait, 1929.jpg|75px|Henry L. Stimson]] | [[Henry L. Stimson]] | [[New York]] | [[28 Maret]] [[1929]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1933]] | [[Herbert Hoover]] |- |47 | [[Gambar:Hull-Cordell-LOC.jpg|75px|Cordell Hull]] | [[Cordell Hull]] | [[Tennessee]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1933]] | [[30 November]] [[1944]] | [[Franklin Roosevelt]] |- |48 | [[Gambar:Edward Stettinius, as lend-lease administrator, September 2, 1941.jpg|75px|Edward Stettinius, Jr.]] | [[Edward Stettinius, Jr.]] | [[Virginia]] | [[1 Dhésèmber]] [[1944]] | [[27 Juni]] [[1945]] | [[Franklin Roosevelt]], [[Harry S. Truman]] |- |49 | [[Gambar:James Francis Byrnes, at his desk, 1943.jpg|75px|James F. Byrnes]] | [[James F. Byrnes]] | [[South Carolina]] | [[3 Juli]] [[1945]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1947]] | rowspan="3"|[[Harry Truman]] |- |50 | [[Gambar:General George C. Marshall, official military photo, 1946.JPEG|75px|George Marshall]] | [[George Marshall]] | [[Pennsylvania]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1947]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1949]] |- |51 | [[Gambar:Dean Acheson.jpg|75px|Dean Acheson]] | [[Dean Acheson]] | [[Maryland]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1949]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1953]] |- |52 | [[Gambar:JohnFosterDulles.jpeg|75px|John Foster Dulles]] | [[John Foster Dulles]] | [[New York]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1953]] | [[22 April]] [[1959]] | rowspan="2"|[[Dwight Eisenhower]] |- |53 | [[Gambar:Christian Archibald Herter (politician).jpg|75px|Christian Herter]] | [[Christian Herter]] | [[Massachusetts]] | [[22 April]] [[1959]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1961]] |- |54 | [[Gambar:DeanRuskSoS.jpg|75px|Dean Rusk]] | [[Dean Rusk]] | [[New York]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1961]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1969]] | [[John F. Kennedy]], [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] |- |55 | [[Gambar:WilliamPRogersSoS.jpg|75px|William P. Rogers]] | [[William P. Rogers]] | [[Maryland]] | [[22 Januari]] [[1969]] | [[3 September]] [[1973]] | [[Richard Nixon]] |- |56 | [[Gambar:Henry Kissinger.jpg|75px|Henry Kissinger]] | [[Henry Kissinger]] | [[Distrik Columbia]] | [[22 September]] [[1973]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1977]] | [[Richard Nixon]], [[Gerald Ford]] |- |57 | [[Gambar:CyrusVanceSoS.jpg|75px|Cyrus Vance]] | [[Cyrus Vance]] | [[New York]] | [[23 Januari]] [[1977]] | [[28 April]] [[1980]] | rowspan="2"|[[Jimmy Carter]] |- |58 | [[Gambar:Edmund Muskie.jpg|75px|Edmund Muskie]] | [[Edmund Muskie]] | [[Maine]] | [[8 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[18 Januari]] [[1981]] |- |59 | | [[Alexander Haig]] | [[Connecticut]] | [[22 Januari]] [[1981]] | [[5 Juli]] [[1982]] | rowspan="2"|[[Ronald Reagan]] |- |60 | [[Gambar:Shultz.jpg|75px|George P. Shultz]] | [[George P. Shultz]] | [[California]] | [[16 Juli]] [[1982]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1989]] |- |61 | [[Gambar:JamesBaker.jpeg|75px|James Baker]] | [[James Baker]] | [[Texas]] | [[25 Januari]] [[1989]] | [[23 Agustus]] [[1992]] | rowspan="2"|[[George H. W. Bush]] |- |62 | | [[Lawrence Eagleburger]] | [[Florida]] | [[8 Dhésèmber]] [[1992]] | [[19 Januari]] [[1993]] |- |63 | [[Gambar:Warren Christopher.jpg|75px|Warren Christopher]] | [[Warren Christopher]] | [[California]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1993]] | [[17 Januari]] [[1997]] | rowspan="2"|[[Bill Clinton]] |- |64 | [[Gambar:Albrightmadeleine.jpg|75px|Madeline Albright]] | [[Madeleine Albright]] | [[Distrik Columbia]] | [[23 Januari]] [[1997]] | [[19 Januari]] [[2001]] |- |65 | [[Gambar:Colin Powell official Secretary of State photo.jpg|75px|Colin Powell]] | [[Colin Powell]] | [[Virginia]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2001]] | [[26 Januari]] [[2005]] | rowspan="2"|[[George W. Bush]] |- |66 | [[Gambar:Condoleezza Rice.jpg|75px|Condolezza Rice]] | [[Condoleezza Rice]] | [[California]] | [[26 Januari]] [[2005]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2009]] |- |67 | [[Gambar:Hillary Rodham Clinton.jpg|75px|Hillary Clinton]] | [[Hillary Clinton]] | [[New York]] | [[21 Januari]] [[2009]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2017]] | [[Barack Obama]] |} === Pratélan Pejabat Sauntara Mantri === <!-- When there is a vacancy as Secretary, the [[United States Assistant Secretary of State]] or the [[United States Deputy Secretary of State]] serves as Acting Secretary of State until the President nominates and the [[United States Senate]] confirms a new Secretary.--> {| class="wikitable" !rowspan="2"| # !rowspan="2"| Jeneng !colspan="2"| Periode Jabatan !rowspan="2"| Ing sangisoré pamaréntahan [[Présidhèn Amérika Sarékat|Présidhèn]] |- ! Wiwit ! Nganti |- | 1 | [[John Jay]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1790]] | [[22 Maret]] [[1790]] | [[George Washington]] |- | 2 | [[Timothy Pickering]] | [[20 Agustus]] [[1795]] | [[9 Dhésèmber]] [[1795]] | [[George Washington]] |- | 3 | [[Charles Lee (Attorney General)|Charles Lee]] | [[13 Mèi]] [[1800]] | [[5 Juni]] [[1800]] | [[John Adams]] |- | 4 | [[John Marshall]] | [[4 Fèbruari]] [[1801]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1801]] | [[John Adams]] |- | 5 | [[Levi Lincoln, Sr.]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1801]] | [[1 Mèi]] [[1801]] | [[Thomas Jefferson]] |- | 6 | [[John Graham]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1817]] | [[9 Maret]] [[1817]] | [[James Monroe]] |- | 7 | [[Richard Rush]] | [[10 Maret]] [[1817]] | [[22 September]] [[1817]] | [[James Monroe]] |- | 8 | [[Daniel Brent]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1825]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1825]] | [[John Quincy Adams]] |- | 9 | [[James A. Hamilton]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1829]] | [[27 Maret]] [[1829]] | [[Andrew Jackson]] |- | 10 | [[Jacob L. Martin]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1841]] | [[5 Maret]] [[1841]] | [[William Henry Harrison]] |- | 11 | [[Hugh S. Legaré]] | [[9 Mèi]] [[1843]] | [[20 Juni]] [[1843]] | [[John Tyler]] |- | 12 | [[William S. Derrick]] | [[21 Juni]] [[1843]] | [[23 Juni]] [[1843]] | [[John Tyler]] |- | 13 | [[Abel P. Upshur]] | [[24 Juni]] [[1843]] | [[23 Juli]] [[1843]] | [[John Tyler]] |- | 14 | [[John Nelson (lawyer)|John Nelson]] | [[29 Fèbruari]] [[1844]] | [[31 Maret]] [[1844]] | [[John Tyler]] |- | 15 | [[Charles M. Conrad]] | [[25 Oktober]] [[1852]] | [[5 November]] [[1852]] | [[Millard Fillmore]] |- | 16 | [[William Hunter (Asst. Sec. of State)|William Hunter]] | [[4 Maret]] [[1853]] | [[7 Maret]] [[1853]] | [[Franklin Pierce]] |- | 17 | [[William Hunter (Asst. Sec. of State)|William Hunter]] | [[15 Dhésèmber]] [[1860]] | [[16 Dhésèmber]] [[1860]] | [[James Buchanan]] |- | 18 | [[William F. Wharton]] | [[4 Juni]] [[1892]] | [[29 Juni]] [[1892]] | [[Benjamin Harrison]] |- | 19 | [[William F. Wharton]] | [[24 Fèbruari]] [[1893]] | [[6 Maret]] [[1893]] | [[Benjamin Harrison]] (2/24-3/4), [[Grover Cleveland]] (3/4-3/6) |- | 20 | [[Edwin F. Uhl]] | [[28 Mèi]] [[1895]] | [[9 Juni]] [[1895]] | [[Grover Cleveland]] |- | 21 | [[Alvey A. Adee]] | [[17 September]] [[1898]] | [[29 September]] [[1898]] | [[William McKinley]] |- | 22 | [[Francis B. Loomis]] | [[1 Juli]] [[1905]] | [[18 Juli]] [[1905]] | [[Theodore Roosevelt]] |- | 23 | [[Robert Lansing]] | [[9 Juni]] [[1915]] | [[23 Juni]] [[1915]] | [[Woodrow Wilson]] |- | 24 | [[Frank L. Polk]] | [[14 Fèbruari]] [[1920]] | [[12 Maret]] [[1920]] | [[Woodrow Wilson]] |- | 25 | [[Joseph C. Grew]] | [[28 Juni]] [[1945]] | [[3 Juli]] [[1945]] | [[Harry S. Truman]] |- | 26 | [[H. Freeman Matthews]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1953]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1953]] | [[Dwight Eisenhower]] |- | 27 | [[Livingston T. Merchant]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1961]] | [[21 Januari]] [[1961]] | [[John F. Kennedy]] |- | 28 | [[Charles E. Bohlen]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1969]] | [[22 Januari]] [[1969]] | [[Richard Nixon]] |- | 29 | [[Kenneth Rush]] | [[3 September]] [[1973]] | [[22 September]] [[1973]] | [[Richard Nixon]] |- | 30 | [[Philip C. Habib]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1977]] | [[23 Januari]] [[1977]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 31 | [[Warren Christopher]] | [[28 April]] [[1980]] | [[2 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 32 | [[David Newsom (politician)|David Newsom]] | [[2 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[3 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 33 | [[Richard N. Cooper]] |colspan="2"| [[3 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 34 | [[David Newsom (pulitikus)|David Newsom]] | [[3 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[4 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 35 | [[Warren Christopher]] | [[4 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[8 Mèi]] [[1980]] | [[Jimmy Carter]] |- | 36 | [[Walter J. Stoessel, Jr.]] | [[5 Juli]] [[1982]] | [[16 Juli]] [[1982]] | [[Ronald Reagan]] |- | 37 | [[Michael H. Armacost]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1989]] | [[25 Januari]] [[1989]] | [[George H. W. Bush]] |- | 38 | [[Lawrence Eagleburger]] | [[23 Agustus]] [[1992]] | [[8 Dhésèmber]] [[1992]] | [[George H. W. Bush]] |- | 39 | [[Arnold Lee Kanter]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1993]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2001]] | [[Bill Clinton]] |- | 40 | [[Frank G. Wisner]] | [[20 Januari]] [[1993]] | [[20 Januari]] [[2001]] | [[Bill Clinton]] |} == Uga delengen == * [[Wakil Mantri Jaban Rangkah Améika Sarékat]] * [[Asisten Mantri Luar Negeri Amérika Sarékat]] * [[Asisten Kedua Mantri Luar Negeri Amérika Sarékat]] == Rujukan == * {{cite web | year = 2005 | url = http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/1682.htm | title = Secretaries of State, 1791-2005 | publisher = [[United States Department of State]] | accessdate = 9 April 2006 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20020616014938/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/1682.htm | archivedate = 16 June 2002 | url-status = live }} == Pranala njaba == * [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/rls/dos/436.htm The Department of State's organization page]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020223180638/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/c1791.htm The Department of State's list of current or former positions and titles]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20020616014938/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/1682.htm Daftar Menteri Luar Negeri AS] {{Kabinèt AS}} [[Kategori:Pratélan mawa topik Amérika Sarékat|Jaban Rangkah]] [[Kategori:Pamaréntahan Amérika Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Mantri Jaban Rangkah Amérika Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Mantri Jaban Rangkah|Amérika Sarékat]] oohejgskvwhvji08y6ze81828vhidkg 0 75752 1752725 1752614 2026-08-16T17:05:41Z ~2026-44962-04 74096 1752725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shanty | image = Shanty.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|12|30}} | birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] | birthname = Annisa Nurul Shanty Kusuma Wardhani | othername = Shanty Paredes | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | burial_place = | years_active = | occupation = [[Artis]], [[Penyanyi]], [[Penari]], [[VJ]], [[Penyiar radio]] | genre = [[Pop]], [[R&B]], [[Dance]], [[Disco]], [[Jazz]], [[Soul]] | spouse = Sebastian Paredes | partner = | children = Arjuna Lucio Paredes | parents = | influences = | influenced = | website = }} '''Annissa Nurul Shanty Kusuma Wardhani''', diundhang uga karo jeneng '''Shanty''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|30|12|1978}}) ya iku [[penyanyi]], [[penari]], [[VJ]], [[penyiar radio]] lan [[pemeran]] [[Indonesia]]. == Prèstasi == * Nominasi Pameran Wanita Paling Apik FFI 2006 * Most Favorite New Artist (MTV Indonésia 2001) * The Rocketeer (Clear Top 10 Awards 2001) * The Funkiest Female Singer (Clear Top 10 Awards 2001) * Best New Comer (AMI Awards 2001) == Filmografi == * ''[[Detik Terakhir]]'' (2005) * ''[[Berbagi Suami]]'' (2006) * ''[[Kala (film)|Kala]]'' (2007) * ''[[Maaf, Saya Menghamili Istri Anda]]'' (2007) * ''[[The Photograph]]'' (2007) * ''[[Perempuan Punya Cerita|Lotus Requiem/Perempuan Punya Cerita]]'' (2008) * ''[[Takut: Faces of Fear]]'' (2008) - Segmen ''[[Takut: Faces of Fear#The List|The List]]'' * ''[[Meraih Mimpi]]'' (2009) - Pangisi Swara * ''[[Red CobeX]]'' (2010) * ''[[Laskar Pemimpi]]'' (2010) * ''[[Madame X (film Indonésia)|Madame X]]'' (2010) == Diskografi == ; Album : * ''[[Shanty (album)|Shanty]]'' (2000) * ''[[Persembahan dari Hati]]'' (2002) * ''[[Seperti Langit]]'' (2005) * ''[[9907 (album)|9907]]'' (2007) * ''[[Bintang Utara]]'' (2010) ; Singel : * Hanya Memuji (2002) == Présènter == * Musik Mingguan ANteve * Pall Mall Light Up the Night * VJ MTV (tekan 31 Dhésèmber 2002) == Buku == Bebarengan co-writter Ve Handojo, Shanty wis nerbitaké buku kanthi judhul "Bongkar Rahasia, Bagi Cerita" ngenani kauripané.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/09/19/shanty-words-warning-celebrity-wannabes.html |title=Shanty : Words of warning for celebrity wannabes |date=September 19, 2011}}</ref> == Iklan == * Toshiba * Sunsilk == Cathetan sikil == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * {{kapanlagi|s|shanty}} * [http://www.disctarra.com/tarra/entertainment_artist_info.asp?artist_id=4903 Profil lan pawarta ing Distarra.com] * [http://krosceknews.com/index.php?s=artist&m=detail&id=56&PHPSESSID=66d484a602514ac4814877b77acf02ae Profil ing Krosceknews.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Shanty}} [[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]] [[Kategori:VJ MTV Indonésia]] {{indo-bio-stub}} 446ku7xp44xprk8s47agv7fslo89yph 1752726 1752725 2026-08-16T17:14:30Z Henri Aja 45299 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-44962-04|~2026-44962-04]] ([[User talk:~2026-44962-04|talk]]) to last revision by Sekar Hapsari (TwinkleGlobal) 1752726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shanty | image = Shanty.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|5|12}} | birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] | birthname = Annisa Nurul Shanty Kusuma Wardhani | othername = Shanty Paredes | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | burial_place = | years_active = | occupation = [[Artis]], [[Penyanyi]], [[Penari]], [[VJ]], [[Penyiar radio]] | genre = [[Pop]], [[R&B]], [[Dance]], [[Disco]], [[Jazz]], [[Soul]] | spouse = Sebastian Paredes | partner = | children = Arjuna Lucio Paredes | parents = | influences = | influenced = | website = }} '''Annissa Nurul Shanty Kusuma Wardhani''', diundhang uga karo jeneng '''Shanty''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|12|5|1978}}) ya iku [[penyanyi]], [[penari]], [[VJ]], [[penyiar radio]] lan [[pemeran]] [[Indonesia]]. == Prèstasi == * Nominasi Pameran Wanita Paling Apik FFI 2006 * Most Favorite New Artist (MTV Indonésia 2001) * The Rocketeer (Clear Top 10 Awards 2001) * The Funkiest Female Singer (Clear Top 10 Awards 2001) * Best New Comer (AMI Awards 2001) == Filmografi == * ''[[Detik Terakhir]]'' (2005) * ''[[Berbagi Suami]]'' (2006) * ''[[Kala (film)|Kala]]'' (2007) * ''[[Maaf, Saya Menghamili Istri Anda]]'' (2007) * ''[[The Photograph]]'' (2007) * ''[[Perempuan Punya Cerita|Lotus Requiem/Perempuan Punya Cerita]]'' (2008) * ''[[Takut: Faces of Fear]]'' (2008) - Segmen ''[[Takut: Faces of Fear#The List|The List]]'' * ''[[Meraih Mimpi]]'' (2009) - Pangisi Swara * ''[[Red CobeX]]'' (2010) * ''[[Laskar Pemimpi]]'' (2010) * ''[[Madame X (film Indonésia)|Madame X]]'' (2010) == Diskografi == ; Album : * ''[[Shanty (album)|Shanty]]'' (2000) * ''[[Persembahan dari Hati]]'' (2002) * ''[[Seperti Langit]]'' (2005) * ''[[9907 (album)|9907]]'' (2007) * ''[[Bintang Utara]]'' (2010) ; Singel : * Hanya Memuji (2002) == Présènter == * Musik Mingguan ANteve * Pall Mall Light Up the Night * VJ MTV (tekan 31 Dhésèmber 2002) == Buku == Bebarengan co-writter Ve Handojo, Shanty wis nerbitaké buku kanthi judhul "Bongkar Rahasia, Bagi Cerita" ngenani kauripané.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/09/19/shanty-words-warning-celebrity-wannabes.html |title=Shanty : Words of warning for celebrity wannabes |date=September 19, 2011}}</ref> == Iklan == * Toshiba * Sunsilk == Cathetan sikil == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * {{kapanlagi|s|shanty}} * [http://www.disctarra.com/tarra/entertainment_artist_info.asp?artist_id=4903 Profil lan pawarta ing Distarra.com] * [http://krosceknews.com/index.php?s=artist&m=detail&id=56&PHPSESSID=66d484a602514ac4814877b77acf02ae Profil ing Krosceknews.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Shanty}} [[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]] [[Kategori:VJ MTV Indonésia]] {{indo-bio-stub}} eevjso3k4a0fallynjkgaxr7mz8pg77 1752727 1752726 2026-08-16T17:15:28Z Henri Aja 45299 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Henri Aja|Henri Aja]] ([[User talk:Henri Aja|talk]]) (TwinkleGlobal) 1752727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Shanty | image = Shanty.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|12|30}} | birth_place = [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]] | birthname = Annisa Nurul Shanty Kusuma Wardhani | othername = Shanty Paredes | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | burial_place = | years_active = | occupation = [[Artis]], [[Penyanyi]], [[Penari]], [[VJ]], [[Penyiar radio]] | genre = [[Pop]], [[R&B]], [[Dance]], [[Disco]], [[Jazz]], [[Soul]] | spouse = Sebastian Paredes | partner = | children = Arjuna Lucio Paredes | parents = | influences = | influenced = | website = }} '''Annissa Nurul Shanty Kusuma Wardhani''', diundhang uga karo jeneng '''Shanty''' ({{lahirmati|[[Jakarta]]|30|12|1978}}) ya iku [[penyanyi]], [[penari]], [[VJ]], [[penyiar radio]] lan [[pemeran]] [[Indonesia]]. == Prèstasi == * Nominasi Pameran Wanita Paling Apik FFI 2006 * Most Favorite New Artist (MTV Indonésia 2001) * The Rocketeer (Clear Top 10 Awards 2001) * The Funkiest Female Singer (Clear Top 10 Awards 2001) * Best New Comer (AMI Awards 2001) == Filmografi == * ''[[Detik Terakhir]]'' (2005) * ''[[Berbagi Suami]]'' (2006) * ''[[Kala (film)|Kala]]'' (2007) * ''[[Maaf, Saya Menghamili Istri Anda]]'' (2007) * ''[[The Photograph]]'' (2007) * ''[[Perempuan Punya Cerita|Lotus Requiem/Perempuan Punya Cerita]]'' (2008) * ''[[Takut: Faces of Fear]]'' (2008) - Segmen ''[[Takut: Faces of Fear#The List|The List]]'' * ''[[Meraih Mimpi]]'' (2009) - Pangisi Swara * ''[[Red CobeX]]'' (2010) * ''[[Laskar Pemimpi]]'' (2010) * ''[[Madame X (film Indonésia)|Madame X]]'' (2010) == Diskografi == ; Album : * ''[[Shanty (album)|Shanty]]'' (2000) * ''[[Persembahan dari Hati]]'' (2002) * ''[[Seperti Langit]]'' (2005) * ''[[9907 (album)|9907]]'' (2007) * ''[[Bintang Utara]]'' (2010) ; Singel : * Hanya Memuji (2002) == Présènter == * Musik Mingguan ANteve * Pall Mall Light Up the Night * VJ MTV (tekan 31 Dhésèmber 2002) == Buku == Bebarengan co-writter Ve Handojo, Shanty wis nerbitaké buku kanthi judhul "Bongkar Rahasia, Bagi Cerita" ngenani kauripané.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/09/19/shanty-words-warning-celebrity-wannabes.html |title=Shanty : Words of warning for celebrity wannabes |date=September 19, 2011}}</ref> == Iklan == * Toshiba * Sunsilk == Cathetan sikil == {{Reflist}} == Pranala njaba == * {{kapanlagi|s|shanty}} * [http://www.disctarra.com/tarra/entertainment_artist_info.asp?artist_id=4903 Profil lan pawarta ing Distarra.com] * [http://krosceknews.com/index.php?s=artist&m=detail&id=56&PHPSESSID=66d484a602514ac4814877b77acf02ae Profil ing Krosceknews.com] {{DEFAULTSORT:Shanty}} [[Kategori:Penyanyi Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Aktris Indonésia]] [[Kategori:VJ MTV Indonésia]] {{indo-bio-stub}} 446ku7xp44xprk8s47agv7fslo89yph 0 76879 1752746 1716703 2026-08-17T09:58:25Z P. W. Siebert 52401 Kategori:Pati 2026 1752746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Hayden Panettiere | image = Hayden_Panettiere_2009.jpg | caption = Panettiere attending "The 6th Annual Hollywood Style Awards" in Beverly Hills, CA on Oct. 10, 2009. | birth_name = Hayden Lesley Panettiere | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1989|8|21}} | birth_place = [[Palisades, New York]], United States | occupation = Actress, singer, model | years_active = 1994–saiki | website = | partner = }} '''Hayden Lesley Panettiere''' (lair [[21 Agustus]] [[1989]]) dhèwèké [[aktris]] lan [[penyanyi]] saka [[Amérikah Sarékat]] kang tau menangaké nominasi [[Grammy Award]], dadi kondhang nalika meranaké [[Claire Bennet]] ning Seri TV ''[[Heroes (TV series)|Heroes]]'', lain ning [[Palisades, New York]], wiwit ning dunya hiburan awit taun [[1994]], Dhèwèké aktris saka [[Amérika]] lan [[penyanyi]] kang menangaké Grammy Award.<ref name="hayden">[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/hollywood/h/hayden_panettiere/ biografi Hayden Panettiere] dipununduh tanggal 26 Juli 2011</ref> Dhèwèké wiwit kondhang nalika umur 10 taun liwat perané dadi [[Sheryl Yoast]] ning Remember the Titans ning Disney.<ref name="hayden"/> Limang taun sadurungé iku dhèwèké tau main ding rong pementasan opera sabun.<ref name="hayden"/> Dhèwèké berperan dadi [[Sarah Roberts]] ning [[One Life to Live]] saka taun [[1994]] nganti taun [[1997]], lan dadi [[Lizzie Spaulding]] ning [[Guiding Light]] saka taun [[1996]] nganti taun [[2000]].<ref name="hayden"/> Panettiere bisa nggawé seneng para penonton liwat penampilané nalika dadi [[Claire Bennet]], seorang pemandu sorak, ning serial Heroes di NBC Tv.<ref name="hayden"/> Panettiere lair lan gedhé ning [[Palisades]], [[Rockland Country]], [[New York]].<ref name="hayden"/> Panettiere anak wadon saka pasangan [[R.Vogel]], aktris opera sabun, lan [[Alan L. “Skip” Panettiere]], dhèwèké kepala Pemadam Kebakaran.<ref name="hayden"/> Panettiere asalé saka Basa [[Italia]] kang artiné tukang gawé roti, lan dhèwèké keturunan [[Italia]].<ref name="hayden"/> Dhèwèké duwé adhi lanang kang uga dadi [[aktor]], [[Jansen Panettiere]].<ref name="hayden"/> Meski Panettiere lumebu ning [[South Orangetown Middle School]] ning [[New York]], nanging sadurungé dhèwèké tau sinau ning umahé dhéwé saka kelas 9-menengah atas.<ref name="hayden"/> Amarga kanggo karir kaartisané dhèwèké nunda pendidikané.<ref name="hayden"/> Panettiere wiwit ning dunya model nalika dhèwèké ning umur patang sasi,pisanan metu ning iklan “Playskool”.<ref name="hayden"/> Dhèwèké meranaké [[Sarah Roberts]] ning opera sabun ABC “one Life to Live” (nalika taun [[1994]] nganti taun [[1997]]), saterusé dhèwèké uga meranaké dadi “Elizabeth “Lizzie” Spaulding” ning opera sabun CBS “Guiding Light” (1997-2000).<ref name="hayden"/> Ning opera sabun mau dhèwèké meranaké wong kang berjuang ngelawan penyakité ya iku [[leukimia]].<ref name="hayden"/> Amarga iku, komunitas [[Leukimia and Lymphoma]] mewnehi panghargaan babagan peranaé mau.<ref name="hayden"/> Panettiere dadi tambah kondhang amarga penampilanné nalika ddai [[Claire Bennet]] ning serial Heroes ning NBC.<ref name="hayden"/> Nalika taun [[1997]] dhèwèké ngeraih nominasi sebagai “Best Performance in a Tv Movie or Pilot” ning “Young Artist Award” amarga perané ning [[filem]] “If You Believe”.<ref name="hayden"/> Dhèwèké tampil dadi pemadu sorak ning “Bring It on: All or Nothing”.<ref name="hayden"/> Nalika taun [[2004]], dhèwèké nembangaké lagu kang judhulé “My Hero Is You” kang dadi tetembangan [[filem]] kang dibintangi dhèwèké “Tiger Cruise" ning Disney Channel.<ref name="hayden"/> Single kang pisanan Panttiere ya iku Wake Up Call kang dirilis kanthi digital nalika tanggal [[5 Agustus]] taun [[2008]].<ref name="hayden"/> == FILMOGRAFI == Film kang tau dibintangi Hayden Panettiere<ref name="hayden"/> : * 1994 One Life to Live * 1996 Guiding Light * 1998 A Bug's Life * 1998 The Object of My Affection * 1999 Too Rich: The Secret Life of Doris * Duke * 1999 Message in a Bottle * 1999 If You Believe * 2000 Remember the Titans * 2000 Dinosaur * 2001-2002 Ally McBeal * 2001 Joe Somebody * 2001 Glitter * 2001 Law & Order: SVU * 2001 The Affair of the Necklace * 2002 Kingdom Hearts * 2002 The Mark of Kri * 2003 Normal * 2003-2005 Malcolm in the Middle * 2004 Lies My Mother Told Me * 2004 The Dust Factory * 2004 Raising Helen * 2004 Tiger Cruise * 2005 Ice Princess * 2005 Racing Stripes * 2005 Law and Order: Special Victims Unit * 2006 Kingdom Hearts II * 2006 The Architect * 2006 Mr.Gib * 2006 Commander in Chief * 2006 Heroes * 2006 Bring It On: All or Nothing * 2007 Shanghai Kiss * 2008 Fireflies in the Garden * 2009 I Love You Beth Cooper * 2009 Hoodwinked 2: Hood vs. Evil * 2009 Alpha and Omega * 2010 W.I.T.C.H. The Movie: The Ultimate World War * 2010 THE AMANDA KNOX STORY <ref name="hey">[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/hollywood/h/hayden_panettiere/berita/ berita Hayden Panettiere] dipununduh tanggal 26 Juli 2011</ref> *2012 Nashville == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Panettiere, Heyden}} [[Kategori:Aktor Amérika]] [[Kategori:Penyanyi Amérika Sarékat]] [[Kategori:Lair 1989]] [[Kategori:Pati 2026]] 53lca68brsi19xiziytjksftdm4xp5e 0 80298 1752716 1730455 2026-08-16T12:21:48Z Raihlah Kemenangan 73957 1752716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artis indonesia | name = Azis Mangasi Siagian | image = Azis Mangasi Siagian.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birthdate = {{birth date and age|1962|7|25}} | birthplace = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Cimahi]], [[Indonésia]] | birthname = | othername = | deathdate = | occupation = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | influences = | influenced = | website = }} '''Azis Mangasi Asiagian''' dikenal kanthi jeneng '''Azis Jamrud''', lair ing tanggal {{birth date and age|1962|7|25}} {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Cimahi]], [[Jakarta]], [[Indonésia]].<ref name="Azis 1">[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/a/azis_jamrud/ biografi Jamrud Mangasi Siagian] dipununduh tanggal 11 September 2011</ref> '''Aziz Jamrud''' iku salah sijiné juru main [[gitar]] saka grup cadas [[Jamrud]] kang uga dadi [[motor]] ing grup [[musik]] mau.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Dhèwèké iku ngliris musik uga digabungaké karo musik trash metal kang duwé lirik-lirik tembang kang kocak lan rada blak-blakan.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Awit dhèwèké isih rumaja lan miwiti ''karir''é ing [[donya]] musik, musisi iki uga didayani karo musik-musik rock.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Dhèwèké uga tau mbentuk band kang dijenengi Jam Rock, kang pungkasané dadi cikal bakalé band Jamrud kang isih kondhang nganti saiki.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Saiki dhèwèké isih dadi panyumbang paling akèh ing grup band mau, ora kaya personil liyané ing grup band Jamrud.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Aziz iku salah sijiné personil kang paling setya karo grup musik Jamrud.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Sanajan grup musik mau tau ngalami ganta-ganti personil, nanging bapak kang wis duwé anak telu iki isih seneng lan isih semangat nggawé grup musik rock iki urip ing [[masarakat]].<ref name="Azis 1"/> Grup musik iki tau ditinggal lunga déning vokalisé, ya iku [[Krisyanto]], nanging iku mau malah nggawé dhèwèké tambah semangat kanggo majukaké grup musik Jamrud kang duperjuangaké kawit mbiyen.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Ing kauripan pribadiné, dhèwèké urip bebarengan karo [[Dian Firdianie]]. Dhèwèké uga kerep nyambut gawé bebarengan nggarap album para [[penyanyi]] liyané kaya ta penyanyi [[Nicky Astria]], minangka kagolong musisi kang kondhang. Aziz uga kerep kolaborasi musik karo musisi kelas donya kaya ta [[White Lion]] lan [[Helloween]].<ref name="Azis 1"/> Formasi anyar saka grup musik kang dimotori déning dhèwèké ya iku Donald (ing vokal), Irwan (gitar), lan Danny (drum). Kanggo nglengkapi formasi, dhèwèké nyekel gitar lan Ricky Teddy (bass).<ref name="Azis 2">[http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/formasi-baru-jamrud-makin-solid.html berita Jamrud Mangasi Siagian] dipununduh tanggal 11 September 2011</ref> Nalika Krisyanto metu saka grup musik mau, grup musik Jamrud bakal mati.<ref name="Azis 2"/> Sandy Handoko lan Fitrah Alamsyah kang tau dadi personil Jamrud, overdosis narkoba ning taun 1999.<ref name="Azis 2"/> Audisi ketat dilakoni dhèwèké lan [[Ricky Teddy]], loro punggawa Jamrud kang isih nalika iku. Pungkasané para personil mau kang kapilih dadi péranganing saka ''rezim'' anyar Jamrud.<ref name="Azis 2"/> == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Musisi Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Wong Jakarta]] {{Stub}} lggbp3yx67rfyg4sadtsuqfxslgkppq 1752724 1752716 2026-08-16T16:40:12Z Henri Aja 45299 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Raihlah Kemenangan|Raihlah Kemenangan]] ([[User talk:Raihlah Kemenangan|talk]]) (TwinkleGlobal) 1752724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox artis indonesia | name = Azis Mangasi Siagian | image = Azis Mangasi Siagian.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | birthdate = {{birth date and age|1966|7|25}} | birthplace = {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Cimahi]], [[Indonésia]] | birthname = | othername = | deathdate = | occupation = | spouse = | partner = | children = | parents = | influences = | influenced = | website = }} '''Azis Mangasi Asiagian''' dikenal kanthi jeneng '''Azis Jamrud''', lair ing tanggal {{birth date and age|1968|7|25}} {{Flagicon|Indonésia}} [[Cimahi]], [[Jakarta]], [[Indonésia]].<ref name="Azis 1">[http://selebriti.kapanlagi.com/indonesia/a/azis_jamrud/ biografi Jamrud Mangasi Siagian] dipununduh tanggal 11 September 2011</ref> '''Aziz Jamrud''' iku salah sijiné juru main [[gitar]] saka grup cadas [[Jamrud]] kang uga dadi [[motor]] ing grup [[musik]] mau.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Dhèwèké iku ngliris musik uga digabungaké karo musik trash metal kang duwé lirik-lirik tembang kang kocak lan rada blak-blakan.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Awit dhèwèké isih rumaja lan miwiti ''karir''é ing [[donya]] musik, musisi iki uga didayani karo musik-musik rock.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Dhèwèké uga tau mbentuk band kang dijenengi Jam Rock, kang pungkasané dadi cikal bakalé band Jamrud kang isih kondhang nganti saiki.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Saiki dhèwèké isih dadi panyumbang paling akèh ing grup band mau, ora kaya personil liyané ing grup band Jamrud.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Aziz iku salah sijiné personil kang paling setya karo grup musik Jamrud.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Sanajan grup musik mau tau ngalami ganta-ganti personil, nanging bapak kang wis duwé anak telu iki isih seneng lan isih semangat nggawé grup musik rock iki urip ing [[masarakat]].<ref name="Azis 1"/> Grup musik iki tau ditinggal lunga déning vokalisé, ya iku [[Krisyanto]], nanging iku mau malah nggawé dhèwèké tambah semangat kanggo majukaké grup musik Jamrud kang duperjuangaké kawit mbiyen.<ref name="Azis 1"/> Ing kauripan pribadiné, dhèwèké urip bebarengan karo [[Dian Firdianie]]. Dhèwèké uga kerep nyambut gawé bebarengan nggarap album para [[penyanyi]] liyané kaya ta penyanyi [[Nicky Astria]], minangka kagolong musisi kang kondhang. Aziz uga kerep kolaborasi musik karo musisi kelas donya kaya ta [[White Lion]] lan [[Helloween]].<ref name="Azis 1"/> Formasi anyar saka grup musik kang dimotori déning dhèwèké ya iku Donald (ing vokal), Irwan (gitar), lan Danny (drum). Kanggo nglengkapi formasi, dhèwèké nyekel gitar lan Ricky Teddy (bass).<ref name="Azis 2">[http://www.kapanlagi.com/showbiz/selebriti/formasi-baru-jamrud-makin-solid.html berita Jamrud Mangasi Siagian] dipununduh tanggal 11 September 2011</ref> Nalika Krisyanto metu saka grup musik mau, grup musik Jamrud bakal mati.<ref name="Azis 2"/> Sandy Handoko lan Fitrah Alamsyah kang tau dadi personil Jamrud, overdosis narkoba ning taun 1999.<ref name="Azis 2"/> Audisi ketat dilakoni dhèwèké lan [[Ricky Teddy]], loro punggawa Jamrud kang isih nalika iku. Pungkasané para personil mau kang kapilih dadi péranganing saka ''rezim'' anyar Jamrud.<ref name="Azis 2"/> == Cathetan suku == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Musisi Indonésia]] [[Kategori:Wong Jakarta]] {{Stub}} swoj8i8he6y7nnbly4jmqvoaktzz3tf 4 165026 1752732 1752624 2026-08-17T00:30:53Z LabdajiwaBot 42498 Bot: Ngarsipaké 1 lembar (luwih lawas tinimbang 30 dina) ing [[Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip 2026]] 1752732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Pambuka}} <div style="display: none;"> {{Naraguna:LabdajiwaBot/konfig arsip |archive = Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta/Arsip %(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |minthreadsleft = 0 |minthreadstoarchive = 1 }} </div> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah menindaklanjuti berbagai masukan dari komunitas mengenai penempatan tombol bintang pantauan (''watchstar'') dan daftar pantauan (''watchlist'') pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|fitur beta Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''). Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca di lain waktu dan merupakan salah satu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|usulan dalam daftar harapan pengembangan]] agar fungsi tersebut tersedia di antarmuka web. Para penyunting diundang untuk mengaktifkan fitur beta ini, mencobanya, dan [[phab:T426453|menyampaikan tanggapan maupun masukan mereka]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] menghadirkan saran penyuntingan di dalam VisualEditor untuk membantu meningkatkan kualitas artikel Wikipedia. [[Special:EditChecks|Seluruh saran]] yang ditampilkan dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|dikonfigurasi oleh komunitas]]. Salah satu fiturnya, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]], memungkinkan para sukarelawan membuat saran lokal yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan wiki masing-masing. Fitur ini bekerja dengan mencari pola teks tertentu di dalam artikel, dan kini telah mendukung penggunaan ekspresi reguler. Dukungan tersebut memberikan ketelitian dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar bagi para sukarelawan dalam menentukan jenis saran lokal yang ingin dibuat. Perlu diketahui bahwa saran [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|dapat disasar]] berdasarkan jumlah suntingan penyunting atau berbagai karakteristik lain dari halaman yang sedang disunting. Sebagai referensi, tersedia pula [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|berbagai contoh dari komunitas lain]], termasuk TextMatch yang dapat mendeteksi kesalahan ketik, kesalahan tata bahasa, potensi konten promosi, penggunaan ungkapan klise, kesalahan penggunaan tanda pisah atau tanda hubung, kata-kata penunjuk waktu yang tidak spesifik, nama yang sudah tidak lagi digunakan, dan lain-lain. Segala bentuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|masukan]] sangat diharapkan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada perkakas Penerjemah SVG (''SVG Translate''), yang sebelumnya menggunakan versi berkas yang sudah usang. Akibatnya, terjemahan yang sudah ada dapat tertimpa saat terjemahan baru diunggah. Masalah tersebut [[phab:T430577|kini telah diperbaiki]]. Secara keseluruhan, sepanjang triwulan April–Juni 2026, Wikimedia Foundation telah menyelesaikan sekitar 337 tugas yang diajukan oleh komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pada wiki yang telah menggunakan Parsoid, kini jumlah gambar yang dapat dihasilkan dalam satu halaman akan dibatasi hingga 1.250 gambar. Kategori pelacakan baru bernama "media-limit-reached" akan segera tersedia untuk membantu mengidentifikasi halaman yang mencapai batas tersebut. Dengan adanya kategori ini, halaman yang keluaran medianya mungkin dibatasi selama proses render akan lebih mudah ditemukan. Lihat [[phab:T430854]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut dan untuk menyampaikan masukan. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21 Juli 2026 05.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 24 Juli 2026 12.24 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:DreamRimmer@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-31</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W31"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ContentTranslation|Penerjemahan Konten]] (''Content Translation''), kini mendukung mode gelap. Pembaruan ini memenuhi salah satu [[m:Community Wishlist/W544|permintaan dari Daftar Harapan Komunitas]] dan membuat perkakas tersebut selaras dengan fitur aksesibilitas yang telah tersedia pada kulit Vector 2022 dan Minerva. Dengan dukungan ini, pengguna yang menerjemahkan konten dapat mengurangi kelelahan visual saat menggunakan perkakas tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367077] * Mode sumber pada DiscussionTools dan penyunting teks wiki 2017 kini akan menyediakan fitur pelengkapan otomatis untuk pranala (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>[[</nowiki></code></bdi>), templat (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code></bdi>), tag HTML dan pengurai (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki><</nowiki></code></bdi>), dan kata magis (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>__</nowiki></code></bdi>). Fitur ini membuat proses penyisipan pranala, templat, dan elemen markah wiki lainnya menjadi lebih cepat dan mudah ketika melakukan penyuntingan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T432400] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah menyelesaikan eksperimennya mengenai pratinjau halaman pada perangkat seluler (''mobile page previews'') dan memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas. Pratinjau Halaman (''Page Previews'') merupakan lembar tersembul di bagian bawah layar yang muncul ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Fitur ini menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka artikel, dan opsi untuk membuka artikel tersebut. Hasil uji coba menunjukkan tingkat retensi yang relatif datar dan metrik indikator yang negatif. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembaca Wikipedia melalui web seluler lebih memilih berpindah langsung ke artikel yang ditautkan daripada menggunakan pratinjau halaman. * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca memperoleh hasil awal yang menjanjikan dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|fitur Daftar Bacaan]] (''Reading Lists''), dengan 93% pengguna yang berpartisipasi melaporkan bahwa fitur tersebut bermanfaat. Fitur ini membantu pembaca aktif menyimpan artikel untuk dibaca kembali di masa mendatang dan mendukung tujuan pembelajaran mereka dalam proyek-proyek Wikimedia. Tim tersebut berencana melakukan peningkatan lebih lanjut sebelum memperluas penggunaan fitur ini kepada lebih banyak pengguna. * Inisiatif [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh|Penyegaran Jelajah Umpan]] (''Explore Feed Refresh'') telah diuji coba kepada pembaca baru dan pembaca kasual aplikasi Wikipedia. Tampilan umpan yang diperbarui ini membantu pembaca menemukan artikel baru yang relevan dengan lebih mudah. Setelah fitur tersebut menghasilkan peningkatan interaksi sebesar 10,5% pada penggunaan umpan, tim Aplikasi Wikimedia memutuskan untuk menerapkan desain ulang Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') pada perangkat iOS, dengan memanfaatkan pembelajaran dari peluncuran versi Android. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada fitur Panduan Artikel yang menyebabkan nama subjek ditampilkan dengan penggunaan huruf kapital yang keliru di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis kini telah diperbaiki. Nama subjek tersebut sekarang akan ditampilkan sesuai dengan aturan kapitalisasi yang berlaku dalam bahasa terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427201] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Setelah melakukan serangkaian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Uji Coba Pembuatan Akun]] untuk meningkatkan persentase pengguna yang berhasil menyelesaikan proses registrasi, versi terbaru kolom nama pengguna pada halaman [[Special:CreateAccount|Buat Akun]] kini telah diterapkan. Versi terbaru ini menambahkan jendela sembul yang berisi [[:c:File:Create account - July 2026 updates.png|ringkasan kebijakan nama pengguna]], sehingga pengguna memperoleh panduan yang lebih jelas saat membuat akun. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, pesan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-helpusername</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-help</nowiki></code></bdi> yang telah dikonfigurasi oleh beberapa komunitas tidak akan digunakan lagi. Jika komunitas ingin menyesuaikan panduan yang ditampilkan pada dialog sembul baru tersebut, mereka dapat menyunting halaman pesan-pesan berikut: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet1</nowiki></code></bdi>, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet2</nowiki></code></bdi>, dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>createacct-username-policy-popover-bullet3</nowiki></code></bdi>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430604] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|penyorot sintaks CodeMirror]] akan menyediakan pilihan tema. Tema tersebut dapat dipilih melalui menu tarik-turun pada dialog [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#CodeMirror preferences|pengaturan lengkap CodeMirror]]. Untuk teks wiki, tema yang tersedia adalah: ''default'' (tampilan standar), ''colorblind-friendly'' (ramah bagi pengguna dengan buta warna; sebelumnya merupakan opsi preferensi buta warna pada [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing]]), dan ''no-highlighting'' (tanpa penyorotan sintaks). Untuk bahasa pemrograman seperti CSS, JavaScript, JSON, Vue, dan Lua, tersedia beberapa pilihan tema lainnya. Tema-tema yang sama nantinya juga akan tersedia untuk teks wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T163533] * Mulai sekarang, wiki dapat membatasi penyuntingan pada ruang nama "Pengguna" hanya kepada pemilik halaman tersebut dan kelompok pengguna tertentu. Silakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:$wgRestrictUserPageEditing|membaca dokumentasi konfigurasi]] untuk mengetahui informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/31|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W31"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 Juli 2026 18.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30856308 --> == This Month in Education: July 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 7 • July 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia|Practical Wikipedia Training for Teachers Held in Tetovo, Macedonia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival|Wikimedia Ukraine at the Teachers of the Future Festival]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor|Six Months of Growth, Learning, and Impact: My Journey as an EduWiki Mentor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026|PhilWiki Community pays homage to Antoine de Saint-Exupéry at Wikimania Paris 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community|Google25 Expands Tamil Wikipedia Community]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge|Edu Wiki camp gathers Serbian youth around the topic of open knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere|Cátedra Glaciares: A Collaborative Experience for the Study and Conservation of Colombia’s Cryosphere]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil|Continuing Wiki education partnerships in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects|Building EduWiki in Albania: From school outreach to student contributions in Wikimedia projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026|1Lib1Ref WUGN Kaduna, 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2026/We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM|We create the first master class on access to knowledge and open technology in collaboration with National Autonomous University of Mexico, UNAM]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 30 Juli 2026 19.48 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30838310 --> == ''The Signpost'': 2 August 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/In the media|Union drive, most prolific editor make headlines]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/News and notes|Foundation rejects voluntary recognition of union, proposed board eligibility rules sharply restrict candidates]] * WikiConference: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/WikiConference|"Kurier, Signpost, wikipress: You can be a Wikimedia journalist" - Wikimania presentation by User:Noé Recap]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/In focus|Is Larry Sanger the co-founder of Wikipedia?]] * Arbitration report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Arbitration report|Think, and not just about content]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/News from Diff|Meet the Wikimedians of the Year 2026!]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/On the bright side|The beautiful game]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Traffic report|Odyssey and Oyarzabal]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-08-02/Comix|Well-spotted]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 2 Agustus 2026 10.18 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30775662 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-32</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W32"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] telah mengembangkan sebuah ''[https://82db7c8d4b.catalyst.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Regent%27s_Park&uselang=de patch demo]'' yang mengatur agar bilah perkakas halaman ditampilkan dalam dua baris ketika ruang horizontal tidak mencukupi untuk menampung seluruh tombol. Perubahan ini bertujuan mengurangi kesan sesak pada bilah perkakas Vector 2022, yang dapat terjadi di beberapa Wikipedia dalam berbagai bahasa pada lebar layar tertentu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429518] * Tim Pengalaman Pembaca berencana meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Mobile and apps/Have Apps reading lists available on Destop/Mobile|salah satu usulan dalam Daftar Harapan Komunitas]], sebagai fitur penuh pada bulan September. Saat ini, fitur tersebut sudah dapat dicoba melalui versi beta. Menjelang peluncurannya, dibutuhkan bantuan para penerjemah sukarelawan untuk menerjemahkan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-readinglists&filter=&action=translate pesan-pesan antarmuka] ke berbagai bahasa. Fitur ini dirancang untuk mendukung kegiatan membaca sekaligus membantu pengguna mencapai tujuan pembelajaran mereka di Wikipedia. * Mulai pekan depan, daftar isi pada halaman berkas di Wikimedia Commons akan disempurnakan dengan menggabungkan daftar isi khusus halaman berkas ke dalam daftar isi utama halaman. Perubahan ini akan memudahkan pengguna memahami struktur halaman berkas, berpindah ke bagian tertentu dengan lebih mudah, dan membagikan pranala yang langsung mengarah ke bagian yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:24}} {{PLURAL:24|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian gambar berformat [[w:TIFF|TIFF]] gagal dimuat setelah keluku (''thumbnail'') diklik, sehingga yang tampil hanyalah gambar rusak, bukan gambar berukuran penuh, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429326] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pemilih variabel dan fungsi pada AbuseFilter kini telah diperbarui dengan dukungan pencarian dan pelengkapan otomatis (''autocomplete''). Pembaruan ini memungkinkan para pengelola penyaring menemukan variabel atau fungsi yang diinginkan dengan lebih cepat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323698] * Format video MJPEG dan VP8 telah dihapus dari pemutar video. Sebagai penggantinya, kini ditambahkan dukungan untuk format MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 2) yang mampu menyajikan video dengan kualitas lebih baik pada perangkat iPhone generasi lama. Proses pembaruan terhadap seluruh video yang sudah ada akan dilakukan secara bertahap dan diperkirakan memerlukan waktu beberapa pekan hingga semuanya selesai diperbarui. Sementara itu, format bawaan yang digunakan untuk perangkat modern tetap tidak berubah, yaitu VP9/WebM. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358266] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/32|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W32"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 3 Agustus 2026 19.45 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30872536 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-33</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W33"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kini [[c:Special:ChartWizard/Data:Example.Pie.chart|tersedia ChartWizard baru di Wikimedia Commons]] bagi pengguna yang ingin membuat bagan dari data mereka sendiri. Fitur ini membuat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|ekstensi Chart]] lebih ramah bagi pemula karena memungkinkan penyunting membuat berbagai jenis bagan, seperti bagan batang dan bagan pai, tanpa perlu menulis kode JSON. Bagi pengguna yang lebih memilih cara tersebut, tersedia pula opsi untuk beralih ke penyunting JSON kapan saja. Masukan dan tanggapan mengenai perkakas baru ini sangat diharapkan melalui [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist/W414|halaman pembicaraan usulan terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Salah satu contohnya adalah perbaikan pada gawit Gambar Pilihan Hari Ini di aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS. Sebelumnya, gawit tersebut menampilkan gambar yang sama setiap hari alih-alih memperbaruinya secara harian. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T430692] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Gambar SVG untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Math|rumus matematika]] tidak lama lagi akan dihasilkan secara langsung di sisi peramban, bukan lagi di sisi peladen. Sementara itu, MathML akan tetap dibuat di peladen dan ditampilkan di peramban tanpa memerlukan JavaScript. Perubahan ini akan mulai diterapkan di Wikibooks pada 12 Agustus, di Wikisource pada 19 Agustus, dan di Wikipedia secara bertahap antara 20–27 Agustus. Anda dapat mencobanya lebih awal dengan memilih opsi "Penerapan MathJax di sisi klien" ("''Client side MathJax rendering''") di preferensi. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase/deprecation|penghentian penggunaan RESTBase]] dan [[phab:T431372|Mathoid]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271001] * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Halaman kategori akan segera mendukung pengurutan entri berdasarkan waktu saat halaman tersebut ditambahkan ke dalam kategori. Fitur ini akan mempermudah penyunting menemukan halaman yang baru saja dikategorikan maupun yang telah lama berada dalam kategori tersebut. Selain itu, alur kerja untuk kategori pemeliharaan, seperti daftar tunggu penghapusan dan berbagai tugas peninjauan yang bergantung pada urutan waktu, juga akan menjadi lebih efisien. Untuk menggunakan fitur ini, tambahkan argumen URL <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>cldsort=timestamp</nowiki></code></bdi> pada tampilan kategori agar daftar diurutkan berdasarkan stempel waktu penambahannya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T433768] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gawai]] dan skrip pengguna di wiki Wikimedia kini dapat memanfaatkan [[phab:T395347|fitur-fitur ES2018]] dan [[phab:T419142|ES2019]] dalam kode JavaScript. Sebelumnya, platform ini hanya mendukung hingga ES2017. MediaWiki akan tetap memvalidasi kode sumber untuk melindungi fungsionalitas dari kesalahan sintaksis dan memastikan bahwa skrip tetap berjalan dengan baik di seluruh [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browser_support_matrix|peramban yang didukung]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419142] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/33|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W33"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 10 Agustus 2026 20.44 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30901051 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': July 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VII, July 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: July and Wikimania Have Come and Gone * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Strategic Workshops, Academic Publications, and Bidding Farewell to NeuroMat * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Colombia at Wikimania 2026: panel on how the far-right affects open knowledge institutions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: From Al-Ahram to Zamalek: Exploring Archives and Art Galleries * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: GLAM Presentations at Wikimania 2026 + Wiki Fashion Show * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Launch of Wikifying a Conference handbook; Wikipedia Workshop at Te Toi Uku * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki partnerships continue opening collections * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: At Wikimania and copyright process * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Faces and Masks - the interwoven relation, Wikimania Paris * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Wikimania report + New articles in Hindi * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: GLAM USA Report (Past & Upcoming) * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Academic paper in preparation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Wiki Knowledge Park report|Wiki Knowledge Park report]]: Preserving Islamic Cultural Heritage: The GLAM and Metadata Impact of Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: August's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/July 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Agustus 2026 00.03 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30901934 --> dhj7kqtel9e85jslnoh8ofsy8pj1x55 0 176696 1752737 1727936 2026-08-17T03:22:07Z Agbm7 74102 /* */ 1752737 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" cellspacing="5" style="width: 28em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.2em" |+ class="fn" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;" |[[Barkas:Premier_league_text_logo.png|pus|nirbing|Liga Premier Inggris]] ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Negara | colspan="3" class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[:id:Inggris|Inggris]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Konfederasi | colspan="3" class="birthplace" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Uni Sepak Bola Eropa|UEFA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Kabentuk | colspan="3" class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |20 Februari 1992 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Cacahing tim | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |20 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Tingkat ing piramida | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |1 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Diturunake menyang | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Kejuaraan EFL|Kejuaraan EFL]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Piala domestik | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Piala FA|Piala FA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Community Shield FA|Community Shield FA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Piala Liga | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Piala EFL|Piala EFL]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Piala Internasional | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Liga Champions UEFA|Liga Champions UEFA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Liga Eropa UEFA|Liga Eropa UEFA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Juara bertahan | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Liverpool F.C.|Manchester city]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |([[:id:Liga Utama Inggris 2019–2020|2025-2026]]) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Klub sing paling sukses | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (13 gelar) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Paling katon | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Gareth Barry|Gareth Barry]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |(653) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Skor paling dhuwur | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Alan Shearer|Alan Shearer]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |(260) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Stasiun televisi | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Sky Sports|Sky Sports]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:en:BT Sport|BT Sport]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Situs web | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[https://www.premierleague.com/matchweek/5690/blog premierleague.com] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Situs Alternatif | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[https://rajabola24jam.net/ rajabola24jam.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228153421/http://rajabola24jam.net/ |date=2021-02-28 }} |- | colspan="4" class="" style="text-align:center; color:darkslategray; font-size:95%" | |} '''Liga Utama Inggris''' utawa '''Liga Premier Inggris'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Premier|title=Liga Premier Inggris}}</ref> (Inggris: Liga Premier Inggris, EPL) minangka liga paling dhuwur ing sistem liga sepak bola ing Inggris. Kompetisi iki dirawuhi 20 klub, liga iki ngetrapake sistem promosi lan degradasi karo [[:id:English Football League|English Football League]] (EFL). Liga Premier minangka perusahaan sing dadi klub sing melu liga dadi pemegang saham. Musim kasebut diwiwiti saka wulan Agustus nganti Mei, kanthi saben tim main 38 game, kanthi 19 game ing omah lan 19 pertandingan tandang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/observer/osm/story/0,,626773,00.html|title=United (versus Liverpool) Nations {{!}} Sport {{!}} The Observer|website=www.theguardian.com|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Kompetisi kasebut didegake kanthi jeneng awal Liga Premier FA (FA Liga Premier Inggris) tanggal 20 Februari 1992 sawise sawetara klub sing melu [[:id:Divisi Pertama Liga Inggris|Divisi Pertama Liga Premier]] mutusake pisah karo liga sing didegake ing taun 1888, lan njupuk kauntungan saka perjanjian hak televisi sing digawe ing taun 1888. dianggep duwe bathi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jun/13/premier-league-tv-rights-3-billion-sky-bt|title=Premier League lands £3bn TV rights bonanza from Sky and BT|date=2012-06-13|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Kesepakatan kasebut regane £ 1 milyar [[:id:Pound sterling|poundsterling]] musim 2013–2014, sajrone Sky lan BT Group dadi pemegang hak domestik kanggo nyiarkan 116 lan 38 pertandingan. 22 klub main ing musim pertama liga.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-11/top-soccer-leagues-get-25-rise-in-tv-rights-sales-report-says|title=Top Soccer Leagues Get 25% Rise in TV Rights Sales, Report Says|date=2013-11-11|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en}}</ref> Liga iki ngasilake £ 2.2 milyar saben taun minangka asil saka hak penyiaran domestik lan internasional. Liga kasebut minangka liga olahraga sing paling ditonton ing saindenging jagad, disiarake ing 212 wilayah menyang 643 yuta pamirsa ing omah lan calon pamirsa 4,7 milyar. Mayoritas stadion kasebut meh kebak kapasitas. Liga Premier rangking nomer loro ing koefisien Liga UEFA<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/history-and-time-are-key-to-power-of-football-says-premier-league-chief-3d3zf5kb35m|title=History and time are key to power of football, says Premier League chief|last=Ebner|first=Sarah|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en|issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/research-policy-insight/insight-articles/playing-game-soft-power-sport|title=Playing the game: The soft power of sport {{!}} British Council|website=www.britishcouncil.org|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2021-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165401/https://www.britishcouncil.org/research-policy-insight/insight-articles/playing-game-soft-power-sport|url-status=dead}}</ref> adhedhasar prestasi ing kompetisi Eropa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/9915096/hold-hold-hold-hold|title=Your ground's too big for you! Which stadiums were closest to capacity in England last season?|website=Sky Sports|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> ing limang musim pungkasan ing taun 2019, ing sangisore Spanyol La Liga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/#/yr/2018|title=Country coefficients {{!}} UEFA Coefficients|last=UEFA.com|website=UEFA.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> 49 tim wis main sajrone kampanye kasebut, ing endi 47 klub adhedhasar ing Inggris lan 2 klub saka [[:id:Wales|Wales]], nggawe liga kasebut dadi kompetisi lintas batas. Nenem tim menang gelar, yaiku: [[:id:Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (13), [[:id:Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] (5), [[:id:Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] (4), [[:id:Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (3), [[:id:Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] (1), [[:id:Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] (1) lan [[:id:Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (1). == Sejarah == === Latar mburi === Sanajan sawetara klub bisa nggayuh sukses ing papan Eropa ing taun 1970-an lan wiwitan taun 1980an, pungkasan taun 1980-an nandheske titik kurang ing jagad bal-balan Inggris. Stadion rusak, fasilitas pendukung sing ora apik, [[:id:Hooliganisme sepak bola|hooligan]] sing akeh lan larangan limang taun kanggo klub Inggris saka kompetisi Eropa sawise Tragedi Heysel ing taun 1985. [[:id:Divisi Pertama Liga Inggris|Divisi Pertama]], liga bal-balan tingkat paling dhuwur ing bal-balan Inggris sing didegake ing taun 1888, dadi salah sawijining liga liyane, kayata Serie A ing Italia utawa [[LaLiga|La Liga]] Spanyol, loro saka segi penghasilan lan kehadiran, uga migrasi ndhuwur Pemain Inggris ing luar negeri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/History/0,,12306,00.html|title=Official Site of the Premier League {{!}} Premier League {{!}} History {{!}} A History of The Premier League|date=2011-11-18|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2011-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118121453/http://www.premierleague.com/page/History/0,,12306,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing taun 1990-an, tren wiwit ganti, ing [[:id:Piala Dunia FIFA 1990|Piala Dunia FIFA 1990]], [[:id:Tim nasional sepak bola Inggris|timnas Inggris]] tekan semifinal lan UEFA ngangkat larangan lima taun ing klub Inggris saka main ing kompetisi Eropa ing taun 1990, saengga [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] bisa ngangkat Piala. Pemenang [[Uni Bal-balan Éropa|UEFA]] ing taun 1991. Laporan Taylor babagan standar safety stadion diterbitake ing wulan Januari 1991, ing laporan kasebut usul ningkatake kualitas stadion kanthi nggawe kabeh stadion lungguh, mula biayane cukup akeh. Iki ana gandhengane karo Tragedi Hillsborough sing kedadeyan tanggal 15 April 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.footballnetwork.org/dev/communityfootball/violence_taylor_report.asp|title=The Taylor Report|date=2006-10-16|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2006-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016222436/http://www.footballnetwork.org/dev/communityfootball/violence_taylor_report.asp|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Ing taun 1980-an, klub-klub Inggris utama wis wiwit malih dadi usaha bisnis kanthi ngetrapake prinsip komersial marang administrasi klub supaya bisa nggedhekake penghasilan. Martin Edwards saka Manchester United, Irving Scholar [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]], lan David Dein saka [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] kalebu pimpinan transformasi kasebut.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=YZ6MAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA342&lpg=PA342&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Association Game: A History of British Football|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|date=2013-10-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-87008-1|language=en}}</ref> Iki nyebabake klub-klub paling dhuwur ngupaya nambah kekuwatan, saengga klub-klub sing main ing Divisi Satu ngancam bakal ninggalake Liga Sepakbola kanggo nambah kekuwatan suara lan ngatur finansial kanthi luwih nguntungake kanthi njupuk 50% pangasilan saka kabeh televisi lan penghasilan sponsor ing taun 1986 . Dheweke nuntut supaya perusahaan televisi mbayar luwih akeh kanggo jangkoan pertandingan,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=YZ6MAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA343&lpg=PA343&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Association Game: A History of British Football|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|date=2013-10-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-87008-1|language=en}}</ref> lan bathi televisi dadi saya penting nalika [[:id:Liga Sepak bola Inggris|The Footbal League]] nampa £ 6.3 yuta kanggo perjanjian rong taun ing taun 1986, nanging ing kesepakatan gabungan ITV ing taun 1988. rega mundhak banget nganti £ 44 yuta sajrone suwene patang taun, sajrone klub-klub paling dhuwur njupuk 75% saka penghasilan. Ing negosiasi kasebut,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/sociology/css/resources/factsheets/fs8.html|title=British Football on Television: Centre for the Sociology of Sport, Department of Sociology, University of Leicester|date=2011-06-06|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2011-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606080220/http://www.le.ac.uk/sociology/css/resources/factsheets/fs8.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> saben klub Divisi Pertama nampa udakara £ 25,000 saben taun kanggo hak televisi sadurunge taun 1986 lan iki mundhak udakara kaping pindho luwih akeh nalika negosiasi ing taun 1986, lan mundhak dadi 600.000 poundsterling ing taun 1988. Rembugan ing taun 1988 ditindakake kanthi ancaman saka sepuluh klub sing ngrencanakake bakal ninggalake liga kanggo mbentuk "liga super", nanging dheweke dibujuk tetep ing liga, nanging banjur entuk bathi gedhe. Rundingan kasebut uga nggawe percoyo marang klub-klub gedhe yen kanggo entuk jumlah suara sing cukup, dheweke butuh kabeh Divisi Pertama lan ora duwe "liga super" sing luwih cilik. Ing wiwitan taun 1990-an, klub-klub gedhe kasebut wiwit budhal, amarga nalika semana dheweke kudu menehi dana kanggo ngrampungake stadion, kaya sing disaranake ing Laporan Taylor. ==== kawangun ==== Ing taun 1990, direktur ngatur London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, ketemu karo perwakilan saka limang klub sepak bola utama ing Inggris (Manchester United, Liverpool, Tottenham, Everton lan Arsenal) nalika nedha bengi. Rapat kasebut kanggo mbukak dalan supaya dheweke bisa lunga saka Liga Sepakbola. Dyke percaya yen bakal luwih nguntungake LWT yen klub-klub gedhe ditampilake ing televisi nasional lan dheweke kepengin ngerti manawa klub kasebut bakal kepincut karo pangasilan hak televisi sing luwih gedhe. Lima klub kasebut setuju karo saran kasebut lan mutusake kanggo nerusake, sanajan liga kasebut ora bakal duwe kapercayan tanpa dhukungan saka Asosiasi Sepak Bola, mula David Dein saka Arsenal lagi ngobrol yen FA bisa nampa ide kasebut. FA ora duwe hubungan sing apik banget karo Liga Sepakbola nalika semana, lan dianggep minangka cara kanggo nyuda posisi Liga Sepakbola. FA ngluncurake laporan ing wulan Juni 1991, Blueprint for the Future of Football, sing nyengkuyung rencana kanggo Premiership kanthi FA minangka panguwasa paling dhuwur kanggo ngawasi liga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/from-the-archive-blog/2012/feb/02/20-years-premier-league-football-1992|title=Premier League football at 20: 1992, the start of a whole new ball game|date=2012-02-02|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Ing pungkasan musim 1991, proposal diajukake, kanthi tujuan nggawe liga anyar sing bakal nyedhiyakake luwih akeh dhuwit ing game kasebut. Perjanjian pendiri (Perjanjian Anggota Pendhiri) ditandatangani tanggal 17 Juli 1991 dening klub paling dhuwur sing menehi dhasar kanggo persiapan Liga Premier FA (FA Premier League). Divisi level paling anyar sing mentas dibentuk duwe independen komersial independen saka The Football Association lan Liga Sepakbola, saengga liga bisa negosiasi hak siaran lan penawaran sponsor dhewe. Argumentasi sing diwenehake nalika semana minangka penghasilan tambahan sing ngidini klub Inggris bisa bersaing karo klub liyane ing Eropa. Sanajan Dyke duwe peran penting ing tatanan liga, Dyke lan ITV kelangan nominasi kanggo hak siaran sawise BSkyB menang tawaran kasebut udakara 304 yuta sajrone limang taun, bareng karo [[:id:BBC|BBC]] berhak nyiarake cuplikan ringkes ing Match of the Day ing kala wau.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/david-conn-inside-sport-blog/2013/sep/04/greg-dyke-premier-league-history|title=Greg Dyke seems to forget his role in the Premier League's formation {{!}} David Conn|date=2013-09-04|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Ing taun 1992, klub Divisi Pertama mundur akeh saka Liga Sepakbola, lan tanggal 27 Mei 1992, Liga Premier FA didegake minangka perusahaan tanggung jawab winates sing makarya ing njaba markas FA ing Lancaster Gate. Iki minangka pamisahan Liga Sepak Bola sing wis lumaku 104 taun kanthi patang divisi, dene Liga Premier mung duwe siji divisi lan Liga Sepakbola banjur lumaku bareng telu. Ora ana pangowahan format kompetisi, kanthi jumlah tim sing padha main ing level paling dhuwur, lan sistem promosi lan degradasi antarane Premiership lan Divisi Pertama sing anyar tetep padha karo antarane Divisi Pertama lan Kapindho. , ing endi ana telung tim sing mundur lan telu uga mundur. tim kasebut dipromosikan menyang level sing luwih dhuwur. Musim kaping pisanan liga yaiku edhisi 1992–1993 sing dirawuhi dening 22 klub. Gol kaping pisanan dicetak dening Brian Deane saka Sheffield United nalika ngalahake Manchester United 2-1. 22 anggota Liga Premier sing pertama, yaiku: [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]], [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], [[Coventry City]], [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]], Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest , Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur lan Wimbledon. Luton Town, Notts County lan West Ham United minangka telung tim sing mudhun saka Divisi Pertama sing lawas lan ora melu edhisi pisanan iki.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=HUFeEjq4hZkC&pg=PT18&redir_esc=y|title=Glory, Goals and Greed: Twenty Years of the Premier League|last=Lovejoy|first=Joe|date=2011-08-04|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-78057-144-7|language=en}}</ref> ===== Dominasi Papat Besar ===== Salah sawijining pinunjul saka Premiership ing pertengahan taun 2000an yaiku dominasi sing diarani Papat Besar: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool lan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/|title=The Times & The Sunday Times|website=www.thetimes.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Sajrone dasawarsa iki, dheweke nguwasani patang papan paling dhuwur, kanthi kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA, njupuk kabeh papat posisi teratas ing 5 saka 6 musim wiwit 2003-2004 nganti 2008-2009, nalika saben musim sajrone taun 2000-an ndeleng "Big "tim. Papat" mesthi lolos ing kompetisi Eropa. Sawise musim 2003-2004, Arsenal entuk julukan "The Invincible" amarga dheweke dadi klub pertama sing ngrampungake musim Premiership tanpa dikalahake ing sawijining pertandingan, sing mung kedadeyan sepisan ing Premiership.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/3696197.stm|title=Arsenal make history|date=2004-05-15|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/arsenal-invincibles-how-wengers-2003-04-gunners-went-a/1xkm3tgyvsbjj1wzrewhqz0liu|title=Arsenal Invincibles: How Wenger's 2003-04 Gunners went a season without defeat {{!}} Goal.com|website=www.goal.com|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Sajrone taun 2000an, mung papat tim ing njaba Papat Besar sing mara ing Liga Champions: [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] (1999-2000), Newcastle United (2001-2002 lan 2002-2003), Everton (2004-2005), lan Tottenham Hotspur (2009–2010), ing papan kasebut ngisi papan pungkasan Liga Champions, kajaba Newcastle ing musim 2002-2003, sing menang nomer telu. Ing wulan Mei 2008, Kevin Keegan mratelakake manawa dominasi Papat Besar ngancam liga, "Liga iki diancam bahaya dadi salah sawijining liga sing paling mboseni nanging hebat ing donya."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/n/newcastle_united/7384247.stm|title=Power of top four concerns Keegan|date=2008-05-06|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kepala eksekutif Liga Premier Richard Scudamore ujar. ing pertahanan: "Ana akeh pergolakan sing kedadeyan ing Premiership gumantung manawa sampeyan ana ing sisih ndhuwur, tengah utawa ngisor sing nggawe menarik." Saka 2005 nganti 2012, ana entri Liga Premier ing pitung saka wolu final [[Liga Champions UEFA|Liga Champions]], kanthi mung klub Papat Besar sing tekan tahap kasebut. Liverpool (2005), Manchester United (2008) lan Chelsea (2012) menang kompetisi sajrone periode kasebut, dene Arsenal (2006), Liverpool (2007), Chelsea (2008) lan Manchester United (2009 lan 2011) kalah ing Liga Champions pungkasan. Leeds United minangka siji-sijine tim Papat Besar sing entuk semi-final Liga Champions, ing musim 2000-2001. Kajaba iku, ing antarane musim 1999-2000 lan 2009-10, papat tim Liga Premier entuk Piala UEFA utawa final Liga Europa, kajaba Liverpool sing menang kompetisi ing taun 2001. Arsenal (2000), Middlesbrough (2006), lan Fulham (2010) kabeh kalah ing final. Sanajan dominasi grup kasebut surut sawise periode iki kanthi munculé Manchester City lan Tottenham, ing babagan poin menang Liga Premier ing salawas-lawase, dheweke tetep ndhisiki sawetara prabédan. Ing pungkasan musim 2018-2019 yaiku musim kaping 27, Liverpool, sing ana ing urutan nomer papat ing tabel poin kabeh-wektu, ana 250 poin sadurunge tim sabanjure, Tottenham Hotspur. Dheweke uga dadi siji-sijine tim sing njaga rata-rata kemenangan luwih saka 50% sajrone penampilan Liga Premier. ====== Nenem Gedhe Katon ====== Taun-taun sabanjure taun 2009 ditandhani pangowahan struktur "Papat besar" kanthi Tottenham Hotspur lan [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kalorone lumebu ing papat papan teratas kanthi rutin, ngowahi "Papat besar" dadi Nenem Gedhe Katon<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/changing-dynamics-of-the-big-six-in-premier-league-title-race-1.422581|title=Changing dynamics of the 'Big Six' in Premier League title race|date=2011-08-11|website=The National|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref>. Ing musim 2009-10, Tottenham menang kaping papat lan dadi tim pertama sing menang papat wiwit Everton limang taun sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/tottenham-hotspur/7907619/Champions-League-defeat-could-ruin-Tottenhams-season-says-Vedran-Corluka.html|title=Champions League defeat could ruin Tottenham's season says Vedran Corluka|website=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Nanging, kritik babagan kesenjangan ing antarane klompok elit "klub super" lan mayoritas Premiership terus, amarga tambah kemampuane mbuwang luwih akeh tinimbang klub Liga Premier liyane.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/14844717|title=Gap is widening at top - McLeish|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> Manchester City menang gelar kasebut ing musim 2011-2012, dadi klub pertama ing njaba "papat besar" sing menang wiwit [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] ing musim 1994-95. Musim kasebut uga ndeleng loro "papat besar" (Chelsea lan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]) ngrampungake ing njaba patang papan kaping pisanan kanggo musim kasebut. Mung ana patang kualifikasi [[Liga Champions UEFA]] sing kasedhiya ing liga, saiki ana kompetisi kanggo kualifikasi luwih gedhe, sanajan saka enem klub sempit. Yen tim padha kanthi poin lan bedane gol sing padha, play-off kanggo papan Liga Champions UEFA bakal dimainake kanthi netral. Ing limang musim sabanjure sawise kampanye 2011–2012, Manchester United lan Liverpool loro-lorone wis metu ing ndhuwur papat kaping telu nalika Chelsea dadi 10 ing musim 2015-16. Arsenal rampung kaping 5 ing taun 2016–2017, mungkasi rekor kasebut kanthi 20 final ndhuwur-papat berturut-turut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/arsenal-secure-top-four-finish-20th-straight-season-qualify-champions-league-after-manchester-united-defeat-a7024176.html|title=Arsenal have just done something for the 20th consecutive year|date=2016-05-12|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Ing musim 2015-16, papat nomer papat ditembus dening tim non-Top Nenem wiwit kaping pisanan wiwit Everton ing taun 2005. Leicester City minangka pemenang liga kejutan, kualifikasi minangka asil saka Liga Champions. Rekor nilai paling dhuwur ing sawijining musim dicapai dening Manchester City kanthi 100 poin ing musim 2017-2018. Ing lapangan kasebut, Nenem Gedhe Katon duwe kekuwatan lan pengaruh finansial sing signifikan, kanthi klub kasebut negesake yen kudu entuk pangasilan sing luwih gedhe amarga saka klub sing luwih gedhe global lan bal-balan sing pengin diputer. Bantahan negesake manawa struktur penghasilan egaliter ing Premiership mbantu njaga liga kompetitif sing penting kanggo sukses mbesuke. Laporan Liga Bola Sepak Deloitte 2016-2017 nuduhake beda finansial antara Nenem Gedhe Katon lan bagean liyane. Kabeh tim Nenem Gedhe Katon duwe bathi luwih saka € 350 yuta, kanthi Manchester United duwe bathi paling gedhe ing liga ing € 676,3 yuta. [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] minangka klub paling cedhak karo Nenem Gedhe Katon ing babagan penghasilan, ngrekam angka € 271,1 yuta kanggo musim kasebut - dibantu partisipasi ing Liga Champions. Generator penghasilan paling gedhe nomer wolu paling West Ham, sing ora main ing kompetisi Eropa, duwe bathi € 213,3 yuta, meh setengah saka klub kasebut kanthi penghasilan kaping lima paling gedhe, Liverpool (€ 424,2 yuta). Umume penghasilan klub kasebut wiwit saka transaksi televisi siaran, kanthi klub paling gedhe saben kira-kira £ 150 yuta nganti meh 200 juta ing musim 2016-2017 saka transaksi kasebut. Ing laporan Deloitte taun 2019, kabeh "Enem Top" ana ing sepuluh klub paling terkenal ing donya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/10/02/changing-shape-premier-league-big-six-pulling-away/|title=The changing shape of the Premier League: how the 'big six' are pulling away|last=Tweedale|first=Alistair|date=2017-10-02|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> ====== Pangembangan ====== Jumlah klub dikurangi dadi 20, mudhun saka 22, ing 1995 nalika patang tim mudhun saka liga lan mung loro sing dipromosekake. Liga divisi paling dhuwur mung ngemot 22 tim ing wiwitan musim 1991–92 yaiku taun sadurunge pembentukan Premiership. Tanggal 8 Juni 2006, FIFA njaluk kabeh peserta ing liga utama Eropa, kalebu Serie A Italia lan La Liga Spanyol, dikurangi dadi 18 tim ing wiwitan musim 2007-2008. Liga Premier nanggapi kanthi ngumumake niat nolak pengurangan kasebut. Pungkasane, musim 2007-2008 diwiwiti maneh kanthi 20 tim. Liga iki ganti jeneng saka Liga Premier FA dadi Liga Premier Inggris ing taun 2007. == Struktur Perusahaan == [[:id:The Football Association|Football Association Premier]] League Ltd (FAPL) mbukak minangka perusahaan lan diduweni dening 20 klub anggota. Saben klub minangka pemegang saham, kanthi saben tim duwe swara babagan masalah kayata pangowahan aturan lan kontrak. Klub kasebut milih ketua, kepala eksekutif, lan dewan direksi kanggo ngawasi operasional liga saben dina. Asosiasi Sepak Bola ora melu langsung ing operasi saben dina kompetisi kasebut, nanging duwe kekuwatan veto minangka pemegang saham khusus nalika pemilihan dadi ketua lan kepala eksekutif lan nalika ana aturan anyar sing ditindakake dening liga. Ketua saiki yaiku Sir Dave Richards, sing ditunjuk ing wulan April 1999, lan kepala eksekutif yaiku [[Richard Scudamore]] sing diangkat tanggal November 1999. Mantan ketua lan kepala eksekutif, John Quinton lan Peter Leaver, dipeksa mundur ing wulan Maret 1999 sawise menehi kontrak konsultasi karo mantan eksekutif Sky Sam Chisholm lan David Chance. Rick Parry minangka kepala eksekutif liga kaping pisanan. Ing tanggal 13 November 2018, Susanna Dinnage diumumake minangka penerus Scudamore, sing jabatan wiwit awal 2019. Liga Premier ngirim perwakilan menyang Asosiasi Klub [[Éropa|Eropa]] UEFA, jumlah klub lan klub sing dipilih nuduhake koefisien UEFA. Kanggo musim 2012-2013, Liga Premier duwe 10 wakil ing asosiasi kasebut, yaiku: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United lan Tottenham Hotspur. Asosiasi Klub Eropa tanggung jawab milih telung anggota menyang Komite Kompetisi Klub UEFA, sing melu tumindak kompetisi UEFA kayata Liga Champions lan Liga Europa. == Format sayembara == === Kompetisi === Ana 20 klub sing main ing [[:id:Liga Utama Inggris|Liga Premier Inggris]]. Sajrone sawijining mangsa (wiwit wulan Agustus nganti Mei) saben klub main lawane ing rong pertandingan (sistem putaran-robin kaping pindho), ing endi pertandingan siji dimainake, dene pertandingan liyane dimainake ing markas mungsuh (adoh). . Tim sing menang pertandingan kasebut entuk telung poin, dene tim sing kalah ora entuk poin. Yen pertandingan kasebut menang, loro tim entuk 1 poin. Peringkat klub diurutake miturut total poin, banjur bedane gol, lan total gol sing dicetak. Yen isih level, tim kasebut dianggep padha drajate. Yen seri tim kasebut pengaruhe menang, degradasi, utawa kualifikasi kanggo kompetisi liyane, mula play-off bakal diselenggarakake ing papan netral kanggo nemtokake peringkat. Mayoritas pertandingan dimainake dina Setu lan Minggu awan. ==== Promosi lan degradasi ==== Sistem promosi lan degradasi digunakake ing antarane kompetisi Liga Premiere lan [[:id:Kejuaraan EFL|Kejuaraan EFL]]. Telung tim paling dhuwur ing Premiership bakal dicopot lan ditampilake ing Kejuaraan EFL ing musim sabanjure, lan rong tim utama Kejuaraan EFL munggah (promosi) menyang Premiership, ing endi sing nuduhake tim katelu ditemtokake liwat seri play-off sing diikuti karo tim peringkat 3 nganti 6. Liga Premier duwe 22 tim nalika diwiwiti ing taun 1992, nanging dikurangi dadi 20 ing taun 1995. == Klub sing melu == Ana 45 klub sing main ing Liga Premier wiwit liga dibentuk ing taun 1992, kalebu ing musim 2016-17. Nganti musim iki, mung ana 6 klub sing bisa terus bertahan ing Liga Premier. Manchester City sapisan dibuwang metu saka level paling dhuwur ing Liga Premier lan pungkasane main ing Divisi Loro. Klub-klub sing isih urip yaiku Arsenal, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester United lan Tottenham Hotspur. ===== Juara ===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !No !Musim !Juara !No !Musim !Juara |- |1 |1992–1993 |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |15 |2006–2007 |Manchester United |- |2 |1993–1994 |Manchester United |16 |2007–2008 |Manchester United |- |3 |1994–1995 |[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] |17 |2008–2009 |Manchester United |- |4 |1995–1996 |Manchester United |18 |2009–2010 |Chelsea |- |5 |1996–1997 |Manchester United |19 |2010–2011 |Manchester United |- |6 |1997–1998 |Arsenal |20 |2011–2012 |Manchester City |- |7 |1998–1999 |Manchester United |21 |2012–2013 |Manchester United |- |8 |1999–2000 |Manchester United |22 |2013–2014 |Manchester City |- |9 |2000–2001 |Manchester United |23 |2014–2015 |Chelsea |- |10 |2001–2002 |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |24 |2015–2016 |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |- |11 |2002–2003 |Manchester United |25 |2016–2017 |Chelsea |- |12 |2003–2004 |Arsenal |26 |2017–2018 |Manchester City |- |13 |2004–2005 |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |27 |2018–2019 |Manchester City |- |14 |2005–2006 |Chelsea |28 |2019–2020 |Liverpool |} ===== Miturut klub kasebut ===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Klub !Jumlah judhul !Mangsa kamenangan |- |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |13 |1992–1993, 1993–1994, 1995–1996, 1996–1997, 1998–1999, 1999–2000, 2000–2001, 2002–2003, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2010–2011, 2012–2013 |- |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |5 |2004–2005, 2005–2006, 2009–2010, 2014–2015, 2016–2017 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |4 |2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2017–2018, 2018–2019 |- |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |3 |1997–1998, 2001–2002, 2003–2004 |- |[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] |1 |1994–1995 |- |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |1 |2015–2016 |- |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |1 |2019–2020 |} ===== Peserta kanggo musim 2019-2020 ===== {| class="wikitable" |+20 klub ing ngisor iki saingan ing Liga Premier sajrone musim 2019-2020. !Klub !Posisi ing taun 2018-2019 !Musim Pertama ing Divisi Pertama !Musim Pertama ing Liga Premier Inggris !Musim ing Divisi Pertama !Mangsa ing Liga Utama Inggris !Musim Pertama Saiki Ngganti Divisi Pertama !Judhul Divisi Utama !Judhul pungkasan ing divisi utama |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]^a |ke-1 |1899–1900 |1992–93 |91 |23 |2002–03 |6 |2018–19 |- |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]^{a, b} |ke-2 |1894–95 |1992–93 |105 |28 |1962–63 |18 |1989–90 |- |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]^{a, b} |ke-3 |1907–08 |1992–93 |85 |28 |1989–90 |6 |2016–17 |- |[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspu]]<nowiki/>r^{a, b} |ke-4 |1909–10 |1992–93 |85 |28 |1978–79 |2 |1960–61 |- |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]^{a, b} |ke-5 |1904–05 |1992–93 |103 |28 |1919–20 |13 |2003–04 |- |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]^{a, b} |ke-6 |1892–93 |1992–93 |95 |28 |1975–76 |20 |2012–13 |- |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers]]^c |ke-7 |1888–89 |2003–04 |65 |6 |2018–19 |3 |1958–59 |- |[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]^{a, b, c} |ke-8 |1888–89 |1992–93 |117 |28 |1954–55 |9 |1986–87 |- |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |ke-9 |1908–09 |1994–95 |51 |14 |2014–15 |1 |2015–16 |- |[[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] |ke-10 |1923–24 |1993–94 |62 |24 |2012–13 |0 |n/a |- |[[Watford]] |ke-11 |1982–83 |1999–2000 |13 |7 |2015–16 |0 |n/a |- |[[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]^a |ke-12 |1969–70 |1992–93 |20 |11 |2013–14 |0 |n/a |- |[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] |ke-13 |1898–99 |1993–94 |88 |25 |2017–18 |4 |1926–27 |- |[[Bournemouth]]^b |ke-14 |2015–16 |2015–16 |5 |5 |2015–16 |0 |n/a |- |[[Burnley]]^c |ke-15 |1888–89 |2009–10 |57 |6 |2016–17 |2 |1959–60 |- |[[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]]^a |ke-16 |1966–67 |1992–93 |43 |21 |2012–13 |0 |n/a |- |[[Brighton]] & [[Hove Albion]]^b |ke-17 |1979–80 |2017–18 |7 |3 |2017–18 |0 |n/a |- |[[Norwich City]]^a |ke-1 di Championship |1972–73 |1992–93 |27 |9 |2019–20 |0 |n/a |- |[[Sheffield United]]^a |ke-2 di Championship |1893–94 |1992–93 |62 |4 |2019–20 |3 |1897–98 |- |[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]^{a, c} |ke-5 di Championship |1888–89 |1992–93 |105 |25 |2019–20 |7 |1980–81 |} * Cardiff City, Fulham lan Huddersfield Town mundur menyang Kejuaraan EFL kanggo musim 2019-2020, dene Norwich City, Sheffield United lan Aston Villa, minangka pemenang, nomer loro lan play-off, dipromosikake saka Kejuaraan EFL 2018-19 mangsane. * Bournemouth, Brighton lan Hove Albion lan Huddersfield Town minangka siji-sijine klub sing tetep ana ing Liga Premier wiwit promosi kaping pisanan, sawise main 4, 2 lan 2 musim (saben 27). ''^a: Anggota pendiri Liga Premier Inggris'' ''^b: Ora tau dicopot saka Liga Premier'' ''^c: Salah siji saka 12 tim Liga Sepakbola asli'' ==== Klub liyane ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Klub !Liga Saiki !Posisi ing taun 2018-2019 !Musim kaping pisanan ing divisi utama !Musim kaping pisanan ing Liga Premier Inggris !Musim terbaru di Liga Utama Inggris !Musim paling anyar ing Liga Premier !Mangsa ing Liga Utama Inggris !Judhul divisi utama !Judhul pungkasan ing divisi utama |- |[[Barnsley]] |Championship |ke-2 di Liga Satu |1997–98 |1997–98 |1997–98 |1 |1 |0 |n/a |- |[[Birmingham City]] |Championship |ke-17 |1894–95 |2002–03 |2010–11 |57 |7 |0 |n/a |- |[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]^{a, b} |Championship |ke-15 |1888–89 |1992–93 |2011–12 |72 |18 |3 |1994–95 |- |[[Blackpool]] |League One |ke-10 |1930–31 |2010–11 |2010–11 |28 |1 |0 |n/a |- |[[Bolton Wanderers]]^b |League One |ke-23 di Championship |1888–89 |1995–96 |2011–12 |61 |13 |0 |n/a |- |[[Bradford City]] |League Two |ke-24 di League One |1908–09 |1999–2000 |2000–01 |12 |2 |0 |n/a |- |[[Cardiff City]]^c |Championship |ke-18 di Premier League |1921–22 |2013–14 |2018–19 |17 |2 |0 |n/a |- |[[Charlton Athletic]] |Championship |ke-3 di League One |1936–37 |1998–99 |2006–07 |27 |8 |0 |n/a |- |[[Coventry City]]^a |League One |ke-8 |1967–68 |1992–93 |2000–01 |34 |9 |0 |n/a |- |[[Derby County]]^b |Championship |ke-6 |1888–89 |1996–97 |2007–08 |65 |7 |2 |1974–75 |- |[[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] |Championship |ke-19 di Premier League |1949–50 |2001–02 |2018–19 |26 |14 |0 |n/a |- |[[Huddersfield Town]] |Championship |ke-20 di Premier League |1920–21 |2017–18 |2018–19 |33 |2 |3 |1925–26 |- |[[Hull City]] |Championship |ke-13 |2008–09 |2008–09 |2016–17 |5 |5 |0 |n/a |- |[[Ipswich Town]]^a |League One |ke-24 di Championship |1961–62 |1992–93 |2001–02 |26 |14 |0 |1961–62 |- |[[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]]^a |Championship |ke-3 |1924–25 |1992–93 |2003–04 |33 |2 |3 |1991–92 |- |[[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]^a |Championship |ke-7 |1902–03 |1992–93 |2016–17 |5 |5 |0 |n/a |- |[[Nottingham Forest]]^a |Championship |ke-9 |1892–93 |1992–93 |1998–99 |56 |5 |1 |1977–78 |- |[[Oldham Athletic]]^a |League Two |ke-14 |1910–11 |1992–93 |1993–94 |12 |2 |0 |n/a |- |[[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]] |League One |ke-4 |1927–28 |2003–04 |2009–10 |33 |7 |2 |1949–50 |- |[[Queens Park Rangers]]^a |Championship |ke-19 |1968–69 |1992–93 |2014–15 |23 |7 |0 |n/a |- |[[Redin, Gebang, Purwareja|Reading]] |Championship |ke-20 |2006–07 |2006–07 |2012–13 |3 |3 |0 |n/a |- |[[Sheffield Wednesday]]^a |Championship |ke-12 |1892–93 |1992–93 |1999–2000 |66 |8 |4 |1929–30 |- |[[Stoke City]]^b |Championship |ke-16 |1888–89 |2008–09 |2017–18 |63 |10 |0 |n/a |- |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |League One |ke-5 |1890–91 |1995–96 |2016–17 |87 |13 |6 |1935–36 |- |[[Swansea City]]^c |Championship |ke-10 |1981–82 |2011–12 |2017–18 |9 |7 |0 |n/a |- |[[Swindon Town]] |League Two |ke-13 |1993–94 |1993–94 |1993–94 |1 |1 |0 |n/a |- |[[West Bromwich Albion F.C|West Bromwich Albion]]^b |Championship |ke-4 |1888–89 |2002–03 |2017–18 |79 |12 |1 |1919–20 |- |[[Wigan Athletic]] |Championship |ke-18 |2005–06 |2005–06 |2012–13 |8 |8 |0 |n/a |- |[[Wimbledon F.C.|Wimbledon]]^a |Dibubarkan |Dibubarkan (2003–2004) |1892–93 |1992–93 |1999–2000 |14 |8 |0 |n/a |} ''^a: Anggota pendiri Liga Premier Inggris'' ''^b: Salah siji saka 12 tim Liga Sepakbola asli'' ''^c: Klub sing asale saka Wales'' ====== Klub non Inggris ====== '''Wales''' Ing taun 2011, sawijining klub Welsh melu Liga Premier kaping pisanan sawise [[Swansea City]] dipromosekake. Pertandhingan Liga Premier sing dimainake ing sanjabane Inggris yaiku pertandingan kandang Swansea City ing Stadion Liberty nglawan Wigan Athletic tanggal 20 Agustus 2011. Nomer klub Wales sing main ing Premiership tambah dadi loro ing musim 2013-2014 nalika [[Cardiff City]] menang promosi, nanging dheweke langsung mundur sawise musim perdana. Cardiff nerusake promosi ing 2017-2018 nanging jumlah klub Wales tetep padha ing musim Liga Premier 2018-19 nalika Swansea City dipecat saka Liga Premier ing taun 2017–2018. Sawise mundur saka Cardiff City ing taun 2018–2019, ing taun 2020 ora ana klub Welsh sing bakal main ing Liga Premier. Amarga klub Welsh minangka anggota Asosiasi Sepakbola Wales (Inggris: [[Football Association of Wales]], FAW), mula ana pertanyaan manawa klub kaya Swansea bisa makili Inggris utawa Wales ing kompetisi Eropa. Iki nyebabake diskusi dawa ing Uni Sepakbola Eropa. Swansea njupuk salah siji saka telung posisi Inggris ing [[Liga Eropah UEFA|Liga Eropa UEFA]] ing taun 2013–2014 sawise menang Piala Liga Premier ing musim 2012–13. '''Skotlandia lan Irlandia''' Partisipasi ing Premiership dening sawetara klub [[Skotlandia]] utawa [[Républik Irlan|Irlandia]] wis dibahas kaping pirang-pirang, nanging ora ngasilake asil. Gagasan kasebut meh ngasilake ing taun 1998, nalika Wimbledon nampa persetujuan Liga Premier kanggo pindhah menyang Dublin, Irlandia, nanging langkah kasebut dihentikan dening Asosiasi Sepakbola Republik Irlandia. Media uga wis mbahas kaping pirang-pirang gagasan manawa loro tim paling gedhe Skotlandia, Celtic lan Rangers, bisa ditampilake ing Liga Premier, nanging ora ana sing dadi kasunyatane. == Kompetisi internasional == === Kompetisi Eropa === Papat tim paling apik ing pungkasan klasemen Liga Premier lolos ing panggung grup Liga Champions UEFA musim ngarep. Pemenang Liga Juara-Juara UEFA lan Liga UEFA Europa uga nduweni kualifikasi kanggo tahapan grup ing Liga Champions UEFA musim sabanjure. Yen iki nggawe enem tim Liga Premier dadi kualifikasi, mula tim sing ana ing posisi kaping papat ing Liga Premier malah bakal main ing Liga UEFA Europa, amarga saben negara diwatesi maksimal 5 tim sing bisa muncul. Tim sing peringkat kaping lima ing klasemen Liga Premier lolos menyang Inggris menyang panggung grup Liga Europa ing musim sabanjure. Pemenang Piala FA uga lolos ing tataran grup Liga Europa UEFA musim ngarep, nanging yen pemenang uga mungkasi liga ing limang besar utawa wis menang turnamen utama UEFA, papan iki bakal dianugerahi tim nomer enem ing klasemen . Pemenang Piala EFL uga lolos menyang babak kualifikasi kaping pindho ing Liga UEFA Europa musim sabanjure, nanging yen pemenang wis mumpuni kanggo kompetisi UEFA liwat kompetisi liyane, saham iki bakal diwenehake menyang tim sing entuk nomer enem ing Liga Premier, utawa kaping pitu yen asil Piala. FA uga nduweni kualifikasi tim peringkat nomer enem. Jumlah papan sing dialokasikan kanggo klub Inggris ing kompetisi UEFA gumantung karo posisi negara ing koefisien negara UEFA, sing diitung adhedhasar kinerja tim ing kompetisi UEFA sajrone limang taun kepungkur. Saiki Liga Inggris (lan Liga Premier) rangking nomer loro ing mburi Spanyol. {| class="wikitable" |+Dijupuk saka rangking negara 2019 adhedhasar koefisien UEFA ! rowspan="2" |Peringkat 2019 ! rowspan="2" |Peringkat 2018 ! rowspan="2" |Owahi ! rowspan="2" |Liga ! rowspan="2" |2014–2015 ! rowspan="2" |2015–2016 ! rowspan="2" |2016–2017 ! rowspan="2" |2017–2018 ! rowspan="2" |2018–2019 ! rowspan="2" |Koefisien ! colspan="6" |Ration ing Liga Champions ! colspan="6" |Ration ing Liga Europa |- !BG !PO !K3 !K2 !K1 !PQ !BG !PO !K3 !K2 !K1 !PQ |- |1 |1 |= |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} [[Spanyol]] |20.214 |23.928 |20.142 |19.714 |19.571 |103.569 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |2 |2 |= |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Inggris]] |13.571 |14.250 |14.928 |20.071 |22.642 |85.462 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |3 |3 |= |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Itali]]a |19.000 |11.500 |14.250 |17.333 |12.642 |74.725 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |4 |4 |= |{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Jerman]] |15.857 |16.428 |14.571 |9.857 |15.214 |71.927 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |5 |5 |= |{{flagicon|Prancis}} [[Prancis]] |10.916 |11.083 |14.416 |11.500 |10.583 |58.498 |2 | - |1 | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |6 |6 |= |{{flagicon|Ruslan}} [[Ruslan]] |9.666 |11.500 |9.200 |12.600 |7.583 |50.549 |2 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |7 |7 |= |{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portegal|Portugal]] |9.083 |10.500 |8.083 |9.666 |10.900 |48.232 |1 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |8 |8 |= |{{flagicon|Ukraina}} [[Ukraina]] |10.000 |9.800 |5.500 |8.000 |7.800 |39.900 |1 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |9 |9 |= |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}} [[Bèlgi]] |9.600 |7.400 |12.500 |2.600 |5.600 |38.900 |1 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |10 |10 |= |{{flagicon|Turki}} [[Turki]] |6.000 |6.600 |9.700 |6.800 |5.500 |34.600 |1 | - | - |1 | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |} Pangecualian kanggo sistem kualifikasi Eropa sing biasa kedadeyan ing taun 2005, sawise Liverpool menang Liga Champions taun kepungkur, nanging ora lolos menyang Liga Champions miturut klasemen final Liga Premier musim kasebut. UEFA menehi dispensasi khusus kanggo Liverpool lumebu Liga Champions supaya Inggris bisa dialokasikan limang papan. [[Uni Bal-balan Éropa|UEFA]] banjur mutusake manawa para juara saiki lolos ing kompetisi kasebut ing musim sabanjure tanpa preduli jabatane ing liga domestik. Nanging, kanthi liga sing duwe papat saham ing Liga Champions, iki tegese pemenang Liga Champions sing ora ana ing papat ndhuwur bakal njupuk papan kanggo tim nomer papat. Nalika semana, ora ana asosiasi sing bisa duwe luwih saka patang tim ing Liga Champions. Iki kedadeyan ing 2012 nalika Chelsea menang Liga Champions musim panas kasebut, nanging mung menang nomer enem ing klasemen Liga Premier. Chelsea banjur njupuk bagian Tottenham Hotspur, mula Tottenham Hotspur main ing Liga Eropa UEFA. Saka 2015–2016, para pemenang Liga Europa lolos menyang Liga Champions, sing nyumurupi jumlah maksimum tim sing bakal menang ditambah saka papat dadi lima. Iki ana pengaruhe ing Inggris ing musim 2016–2017 nalika Manchester United mung bisa menang nomer enem ing klasemen, nanging wis menang Liga Europa. Iki menehi limang titik ing Inggris ing 2017–2018. Ing kasus iki, saham [[Liga Eropah UEFA|Liga Europa]] sing kosong ora dianugerahi tim Inggris miturut klasemen, saengga saham ing Liga Europa kanggo musim sabanjure bakal dikurangi. Yen pemenang Liga Champions lan Liga Europa teka saka asosiasi sing padha lan loro-lorone ora dadi juara papat klasemen, mula tim nomer papat kasebut bakal main ing Liga Europa. ==== Kompetisi internasional ==== Antarane musim 1992-1993 nganti 2018–2019, klub Liga Premier Inggris menang Liga Champions UEFA kaping lima (lan menang nomer loro kaping pitu), ing sangisore gelar La Liga Spanyol kanthi sewelas kemenangan, padha karo Serie A Italia, lan unggul liwat Bundesliga Jerman kanthi menang kaping telu. Loro klub Liga Premier wis sukses dadi Piala Dunia Klub [[FIFA]] (asline diarani FIFA Club World Championship), yaiku Manchester United ing taun 2008 lan Liverpool ing taun 2019, lan kaping pindho dadi nomer loro (Liverpool taun 2005 lan Chelsea taun 2012) ,ing sangisore babak penyisihan La Liga kanthi pitung kemenangan, Brasileirão Brasil kanthi papat kemenangan, lan imbang karo Serie A Italia kanthi loro kemenangan. == Keuangan == Liga Premier duwe penghasilan paling dhuwur kanggo kabeh liga bal-balan ing jagad iki, kanthi total bathi € 2,48 milyar ing taun 2009–2010. Ing 2013-2014, amarga tambah akeh pendapatan televisi lan kontrol biaya, Liga Premier duwe penghasilan net luwih saka £ 78 yuta, ngungkuli kabeh liga bal-balan liyane. Ing taun 2010, Liga Premier dianugerahi Penghargaan [[Ratu]] kanggo Perusahaan ing kategori Perdagangan Internasional amarga menehi kontribusi luar biasa kanggo perdagangan internasional lan nilai sing diwenehake kanggo bal-balan Inggris lan industri siaran Inggris. Sawetara klub sing melu Liga Premier Inggris kalebu ing dhaptar klub sepakbola paling sugih ing saindenging jagad. Laporan sing dirilis dening Deloitte kanthi irah-irahan "Football Money League" kalebu pitung klub Liga Premier ing 20 klub paling dhuwur kanggo musim 2009-10, lan kabeh 20 klub sing main ing Liga Premier kalebu 40 tim paling dhuwur ing saindenging jagad. pungkasan musim. 2013–2014, amarga umume tambah akeh penghasilan siaran. Wiwit taun 2013, liga iki ngasilake € 2.2 milyar saben taun saka hak televisi, domestik lan internasional. Klub-klub sing melu Liga setuju ing Desember 2012 kanggo nindakake kontrol biaya sing anyar. Kaloro proposal sing diajukake kalebu aturan babagan breakeven lan watesan babagan kenaikan gaji sing bisa dibayar saben musim. Kanthi kesepakatan televisi anyar, momentum kasebut tuwuh kanggo golek cara kanggo nyegah mayoritas awis langsung menyang para pemain lan agen. Pembayaran terpusat kanggo musim 2016-2017 gunggunge £ 2.398.515.773 saka total 20 klub, kanthi saben tim nampa ragad partisipasi tetep £ 35,301,989 lan pembayaran tambahan saka televisi siaran (£ 1.016.690 kanggo hak umum Inggris kanggo cocog karo sorotan, £ 1,136,083 kanggo saben siaran langsung pertandingane ing Inggris, lan £ 39.090.596 kanggo kabeh hak saka luar negeri), hak komersial (ragad rata-rata £ 4,759,404), lan ukuran "jasa" notional adhedhasar posisi pungkasan klasemen liga. Komponen layanan nganti £ 1,941,609 dikalikan karo peringkat pungkasan klasemen, diwilang saka sisih ngisor klasemen (contone, Burnley ana ing peringkat 16 ing klasemen Mei 2017, lan ana nomer 5 saka ngisor, mula dheweke nampa 5 × £ 1.941. 609 = £ 9.708.045). == Sponsor == Saka taun 1993 nganti 2016, Liga Premier Inggris menehi hak sponsor kanggo rong perusahaan, yaiku [[Carling Brewery]] lan [[Barclays Bank PLC]]. Sponsor utama duwe hak kanggo nambah jenenge menyang jeneng liga. Barclays minangka sponsor pungkasan, dadi sponsor Liga Premier wiwit taun 2001 nganti 2016 (nganti taun 2004, kompetisi iki ditambahake karo jeneng Barclaycard sadurunge ganti dadi merek perbankan utamane ing taun 2004). {| class="wikitable" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Periode ! rowspan="2" |Sponsor ! colspan="2" |Judhul sayembara |- !Basa Inggris !Basa Indonesia |- |1992–1993 |''[[Ora ana sponsor]]'' |FA Premier League |Liga Utama FA |- |1993–2001 |[[Curling|Carling]] |FA Carling Premiership |Liga Utama Carling FA |- |2001–2004 |[[Barclaycard]] |FA Barclaycard Premiership |Liga Utama Barclaycard FA |- |2004–2007 | rowspan="2" |[[Barclays]] |FA Barclays Premiership |Liga Utama Barclays FA |- |2007–2016 |Barclays Premier League |Liga Utama Barclays |- |2016– |''Ora ana sponsor'' |Premier League |Liga Utama |} Kesepakatan Barclays karo Liga Premier rampung ing pungkasan musim 2015-2016. FA ngumumake tanggal 4 Juni 2015 yen dheweke ora bakal nggayuh tawaran sponsor maneh kanggo Liga Premier Inggris, kanthi alesan manawa dheweke pengin nggawe merek "bersih" kanggo kompetisi sing luwih selaras karo liga olahraga utama ing Amerika Serikat. Loro saka nyengkuyung liga dhewe, Liga Premier duwe sawetara mitra lan supplier resmi. Panyedhiya bola resmi liga yaiku Nike, sing wis kontrak wiwit musim 2000-2001 nalika dheweke njupuk alih tugas saka Miter. Miturut merek Merlin, Topps duwe lisensi kanggo ngasilake koleksi Liga Premier antara taun 1994 lan 2019 kalebu stiker (kanggo album stiker) lan kertu dagang. Diluncurake ing musim 2007-2008, Topps Match Attax, game kertu dagang Liga Premier resmi dadi koleksi bocah lanang sing laris ing Inggris, lan uga game kertu dagang olahraga paling laris ing donya. Ing wulan Oktober 2018, Panini diwenehi lisensi kanggo ngasilake koleksi wiwit musim 2019-2020. Wiwit taun 2017, perusahaan coklat [[Cadbury]] minangka mitra cemilan resmi Liga Premier, lan dadi sponsor [[Sepatu Emas]] lan penghargaan [[Sarung Tangan Emas]].. == Penyiar == === Britania Raya lan Irlandia === Televisi nduweni peran gedhe ing sejarah Liga Premier. Keputusan Liga kanggo menehi hak siaran menyang [[BSkyB]] ing taun 1992 minangka keputusan sing dijupuk nalika semana, nanging keputusan kasebut wis dibayar. Nalika semana, televisi mbayar minangka usulan sing durung dites ing pasar Inggris, uga kewajiban para penggemar mbayar kanggo nonton pertandingan bal-balan kanthi langsung ing televisi. Nanging, kombinasi strategi Sky, kualitas bal-balan Liga Premier lan rasa masarakat kanggo game kasebut nyumurupi nilai hak televisi Liga Premier sing saya dhuwur. Liga Premier adol hak siaran televisi kanthi bebarengan. Iki beda karo sawetara liga bal-balan Eropa liyane, kalebu [[LaLiga|La Liga]], ing ngendi saben klub adol hak masing-masing, sing nggawe pangasilan luwih dhuwur saka total penghasilan menyang sawetara klub paling dhuwur. Dhuwit dipérang dadi telung bagean: separo saham dipérang kanthi merata ing antarané klub; seprapat dianugerahi adhedhasar prestasi adhedhasar posisi liga pungkasan, klub ing ndhuwur meja entuk rong puluh kali luwih akeh tinimbang klub ing ngisor, lan terus padha mudhun ing klasemen; kuartal pungkasan dibayar minangka biaya fasilitas kanggo pertandingan tivi, kanthi klub-klub paling dhuwur umume nampa bagean saka singa kasebut. Penghasilan saka hak asing dipisahake kanthi beda ing antarane 20 klub kasebut. Perjanjian hak televisi sing pertama ing Sky regane 304 yuta nganti limang musim. Kontrak sabanjure, negosiasi kanggo wiwitan musim 1997–98, mundhak dadi 670 yuta kanggo patang musim. Kontrak kaping telu regane 1.024 milyar karo BSkyB sajrone telung musim wiwit taun 2001-2002 nganti 2003-04. Liga Premier ngasilake 320 yuta £ saka adol hak internasional ing telung taun wiwit 2004-2005 nganti 2006-07. Dheweke adol hak miturut wilayah. Monopoli Sky rampung wulan Agustus 2006 nalika [[Setanta Sports]] diwenehi hak nyiarake loro saka enem paket game sing kasedhiya. Iki ditindakake sawise meksa [[Komisi Eropa]] supaya hak eksklusif ora bisa didol menyang sawijining perusahaan televisi. Sky lan Setanta mbayar £ 1,7 milyar, paningkatan rong pertiga sing nggawe kaget akeh para komentator amarga asumsi publik manawa nilai hak siaran wis munggah sawise tuwuh kanthi cepet. Setanta uga tetep duwe hak kanggo pertandingan langsung jam 3 sore sing disiarake kanggo pamirsa Irlandia wae. BBC tetep nduweni hak kanggo nampilake dawane video ing telung musim sing padha (ing Pertandhingan Dina) nganti £ 171,6 yuta, kenaikan 63% saka £ 105 yuta sing sadurunge dibayar sajrone telung taun sadurunge. Sky lan BT wis setuju kanggo mbayar total 84,3 yuta kanggo hak pertandingan sing ditundha kanggo 242 game (sing minangka hak kanggo siaran lengkap ing televisi lan Internet) umume sajrone 50 jam kanggo pertandingan sawise 10 wengi dina kasebut. Hak televisi ing luar negeri ngasilake £ 625 yuta, meh tikel kaping pindho saka kontrak sadurunge. Total sing dikumpulake miturut kesepakatan kasebut ana luwih saka £ 2,7 milyar, sing menehi rata-rata penghasilan marang klub Liga Premier udakara £ 40 yuta saben taun wiwit taun 2007 nganti 2010. Kesepakatan hak televisi antara Liga Premier lan Sky ngalami tuduhan dadi kartel, lan sawetara kasus pengadilan muncul minangka asil. Penyelidikan dening Kantor Perdagangan Adil ing taun 2002 nemokake BSkyB kanggo dominasi pasar olahraga TV bayar, nanging dheweke nyimpulake manawa ana sawetara alasan sing ora cukup kanggo pratelan yen BSkyB wis nyalah gunakake dominane. Ing wulan Juli 1999, sawijining cara adol hak Liga Premier nggunakake sistem kolektif kanggo kabeh klub sing melu, diselidiki dening Pengadilan Praktik Terbatas Inggris, sing nyimpulake manawa kesepakatan kasebut ora bertentangan karo kepentingan umum. Cuplikan trailer BBC ing dina Setu lan Minggu bengi, uga wengi liyane sing cocog karo jadwal, pungkasan nganti taun 2016. Hak televisi mung kanggo periode 2010 nganti 2013 dituku udakara 1,782 milyar. Tanggal 22 Juni 2009, amarga ana masalah sing diadhepi Setanta Sports sawise gagal nggayuh tenggat pungkasan kanggo pambayaran £ 30 yuta menyang Liga Premier, ESPN dianugerahi rong paket hak kanggo disiarkeun ing Great Britain sing ngemot 46 game ing musim 2009–2010 uga 23 paket pertandingan saben musim wiwit 2010-2011 nganti 2012–2013. Tanggal 13 Juni 2012, Liga Premier ngumumake yen BT duwe hak nyiarake 38 pertandingan saben musim 2013-2014 menyang musim 2015-2016 regane 246 yuta saben taun. 116 pertandingan liyane sing disiarake Sky regane 760 yuta saben taun. Total bathi saka hak penyiaran domestik wis mencapai £ 3.018 milyar, mundhak 70,2% tinimbang musim 2010-2011 dadi 2012-2013. Nilai perjanjian lisensi tambah 70,2% ing 2015, kanthi Sky lan BT mbayar £ 5,136 milyar nalika nganyari kontrak karo Liga Premier telung taun nganti musim 2018-2019. {| class="wikitable" |+Snippet ing Britania Raya !Program !Duration !Saluran |- |''Match of the Day'' |1992–2001, 2004–''kini'' |BBC |- |''The Premiership'' |2001–2004 |ITV |} Ing wulan Agustus 2016, diumumake manawa BBC bakal nggawe majalah gaya anyar kanggo Liga Premier kanthi judhul The Premier League Show. Ing wulan Juni 2018, diumumake manawa Amazon Video bakal nyiarake 20 pertandingan saben musim kanthi perjanjian telung taun wiwit musim 2019-20. Siaran televisi kasebut bakal diproduksi kanthi kemitraan karo Sunset + Vine lan BT Sport. ==== Internasional ==== Liga Premier minangka liga sepak bola sing paling ditonton ing saindenging jagad, disiarake ing 212 wilayah menyang 643 yuta omah lan calon pamirsa TV 4,7 milyar wong. Produksi televisi ing Liga Premier, Premier League Productions, dioperasikake dening IMG Productions lan ngasilake kabeh konten kanggo mitra televisi internasional. Liga Premier misuwur banget ing Asia, dadi program sing paling akeh disebar. Ing Australia, perusahaan telekomunikasi Optus duwe hak eksklusif kanggo siaran Liga Premier, sing nyedhiyakake siaran langsung lan akses online sing sadurunge dicekel dening Fox Sports. Ing India, pertandingan disiarake langsung ing STAR Sports. Ing China, hak penyiaran diwenehake menyang Super Sports kanthi persetujuan enem taun wiwit musim 2013-2014. Ing musim 2019-2020, hak penyiaran ing Kanadha menyang Liga Premier diduweni dening DAZN, amarga wis diduweni bebarengan karo Sportsnet lan TSN wiwit musim 2013-2014. Ing Amerika Serikat, Liga Premier disiarake ing NBC Sports. Pamirsa liga tuwuh kanthi cepet, kanthi NBC lan NBCSN rata-rata 479.000 pamirsa ing musim 2014-2015, nganti 118% ing musim 2012-2013 nalika isih disiarake ing Fox Soccer lan ESPN / ESPN2 kanthi 220.000 tontonan, lan NBC Sports nampa sawetara apresiasi babagan jangkoan kasebut. NBC Sports nambah musim Liga Premier Premier enem taun 2015 ing musim 2021–2022 kanthi kesepakatan regane $ 1 milyar (padha karo £ 640 yuta). Antarane musim 1998–1999 lan musim 2012-2013, RTÉ nyiarake rekaman ing program Sabtu Sepak Bola Premier lan kala-kala nalika Minggu Soccer Soccer. Wiwit musim 2004-2005 nganti musim 2006-2007, RTÉ nyiarkan pertandingan langsung tanggal 15 Setu awan, kanthi saben pertandingan diarani Premiership Live. Liga Premier disiarake dening SuperSport ing saindenging Afrika Sub-Sahara. == Jarak Saka Liga Kasta Liyane == Ana jurang sing tambah antara Liga Premier Inggris lan Liga Sepak Bola Inggris. Wiwit pisah karo Liga Sepakbola, akeh klub sing mantep ing Liga Premier nggawe kesenjangan karo rekane ing liga ngisor. Bentenane paling gedhe yaiku babagan hak televisi ing liga, akeh tim sing nembe dipromosekake angel ngindhari degradasi ing musim Liga Premier kaping pisanan. Ing saben musim kajaba 2001-2002, 2011–2012 lan 2017–2018, paling ora ana wong anyar Liga Premier sing mundur menyang Liga Sepakbola Inggris. Ing musim 1997–98, telung klub sing nembe entuk promosi, langsung mudhun ing pungkasan musim. Liga Premier nyebarke bagean saka pendapatan televisi menyang klub sing mundur saka liga kanthi bentuk "pembayaran parasut". Wiwit musim 2013-2014, pembayaran kasebut gunggunge luwih saka £ 60 yuta sajrone patang musim. Klub Liga Premier nampa pambayaran terpusat proporsional £ 2.4 milyar ing musim 2016-2017, kanthi tambahan solidaritas £ 343 yuta karo Liga Premier kanthi klub EFL. Sanajan dirancang kanggo mbantu tim nyetel penghasilan televisi sing ilang (rata-rata tim Liga Premier nampa £ 41 yuta nalika rata-rata klub Kejuaraan EFL mung nampa £ 2 yuta), pangritik negesake manawa jinis pembayaran kasebut pancen nambah kesenjangan ing antarane tim sing wis tekan Liga Premier lan sing durung entuk, nyebabake muncul tim sing "mundur" langsung sawise degradasi. Sawetara klub sing ora sukses promosi menyang Liga Premier, masalah finansial, kalebu ing sawetara kasus, administrasi utawa malah likuidasi dadi perkara sing ngganggu klub kasebut. Relegasi menyang liga sing luwih murah uga wis ndeleng sawetara klub ora bisa ngatasi kesenjangan kasebut. == Stadion == Ing musim 2017-2018, pertandingan Liga Premier wis dimainake ing 58 stadion wiwit dibentuk. Tragedi [[Hillsborough]] taun 1989 lan Laporan Taylor sing nderek nyaranake supaya penonton sing tetep kudu diilangi. Mula, kabeh stadion ing Liga Premier minangka stadion kursi. Wiwit dibentuk Liga Premier, lapangan bal-balan ing Inggris wis terus nambah kapasitas lan fasilitas, sawetara klub pindhah menyang stadion sing nembe dibangun. Sangang stadion sing tau dadi tuan rumah pertandingan Liga Premier saiki wis rusak. Stadion kanggo musim 2017-2018 nuduhake beda kapasitas. Contone, Stadion Wembley, markas dhasar Tottenham Hotspur, duwe kapasitas 90.000 dene Dean Pengadilan, markas Bournemouth, mung duwe kapasitas 11.360. Kapasitas gabungan stadion Liga Premier Premier 2017-18 yaiku 806.033 kanthi kapasitas rata-rata 40,302. Kehadiran stadion minangka sumber penghasilan rutin kanggo klub Liga Premier kanthi signifikan. Kanggo musim 2016–2017, rata-rata kehadiran pendukung tekan 35.838 kanthi total rawuh 13.618.596. Iki nuduhake kenaikan 14.712 saka rata-rata pamiarsa 21.196 sing kacathet ing musim pertama kompetisi. Nanging, ing musim 1992–93, kapasitas umume stadion dikurangi nalika klub kasebut ngganti teras sing digunakake para penonton kanggo ngadeg, kanthi kursi miturut tanggal pungkasan taun 1994–95 Laporan Taylor. Cathetan kanggo rata-rata rawuh ing musim 2007-2008 kanthi rekor 36,144. Cathetan iki banjur dikalahake ing musim 2013-2014 sing rata-rata ana 36.695 pamiarsa kanthi jumlah anggota kurang saka 14 yuta, yaiku rata-rata paling dhuwur ing divisi paling dhuwur ing Inggris wiwit taun 1950. Ing musim 2018-19, rata-rata kehadiran Liga Premier yaiku 38.181 saben pertandingan, paling dhuwur nomer loro sawise Bundesliga ing Jerman kanthi rekor 43.500 penonton saben pertandingan, kanthi total kehadiran ing kabeh pertandingan liga negara., kanthi gunggunge 14,508,981. == Manajer == Manajer ing Liga Premier melu lumaku saben dina, kalebu latihan, pamilihan tim lan tuku pemain. Pengaruh ing klub kasebut bisa beda-beda lan ana hubungane karo kepemilikan klub, uga hubungan manajer karo penggemar. Manajer kudu nduweni Lisensi UEFA Pro sing dadi kualifikasi pungkasan ing pelatihan, lan ngrampungake Lisensi UEFA 'B' lan 'A'. Lisensi UEFA Pro dibutuhake dening sapa wae sing pengin ngatur klub Liga Premier kanthi permanen (kayata luwih saka 12 minggu yaiku wektu sing diwenehake kanggo manajer karier sing ora memenuhi syarat). Pengangkatan manajer karier bisa ngatasi kesenjangan antara manajer sing nembe metu saka klub lan manajer anyar sing bakal teka. Sawetara manajer interim banjur dadi manajer permanen sawise nuduhake kinerja apik sajrone manajer interim, kalebu manajer Portsmouth Paul Hart lan manajer Tottenham Hotspur David Pleat. [[Arsène Wenger]] wis dadi manajer paling dawa, ngatur [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] ing Liga Premier wiwit taun 1996 nganti pensiun ing pungkasan musim 2017-2018, lan nyekel rekor minangka manajer kanthi game paling akeh ing Liga Premier kanthi 828 game kabeh dimainake kanggo Arsenal. Dheweke ngilangi rekor sing digawe dening Sir Alex Ferguson, sing nangani 810 game Manchester United wiwit didegake Liga Premier nganti pensiun ing pungkasan musim 2012-2013. Ferguson dhewe wis dadi MU wiwit Nopember 1986, yaiku limang musim Divisi Eague Sepakbola Liga lan 21 musim Liga Premier pertama. Sajrone musim 2019-2020, 6 manajer dipecat wiwit 28 Desember: Javi Gracia lan Quique Sánchez Flores saka Watford, [[Mauricio Pochettino]] saka Tottenham Hotspur, Unai Emery saka Arsenal, Marco Silva saka Everton, lan Manuel Pellegrini saka West Ham United. Ana sawetara riset babagan alasan lan efek saka manajer pemecatan. Riset sing paling misuwur ditindakake dening Profesor Sue Bridgewater saka Universitas Liverpool lan Dr. Bas ter Weel saka Universitas Amsterdam, sing nganakake rong studi kapisah kanggo nyoba nerangake statistik babagan pemecatan manajer. Riset Bridgewater nemokake manawa klub biasane ngeculake manajer sawise klub kasebut kalah rata-rata siji poin saben pertandingan. [[Barkas:Alex_Ferguson.jpg|jmpl|Mantan manajer Manchester United [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]] wis dadi manajer paling dawa lan sukses ing sejarah Liga Premier.]] {| class="wikitable" |+Manajer sing menang !Manajer !Klub !jumlah !Taun |- |{{flagicon|Skotlandia}} [[Alex Ferguson]] |Manchester United |13 |1992–1993, 1993–1994, 1995–1996, 1996–1997, 1998–1999, 1999–2000, 2000–2001, 2002–2003, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2010–2011, 2012–2013 |- |{{flagicon|Prancis}}[[Arsène Wenger]] |Arsenal | rowspan="2" |3 |1997–1998, 2001–2002, 2003–2004 |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}}[[José Mourinho]] |Chelsea |2004–2005, 2005–2006, 2014–2015 |- |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} [[Pep Guardiola]] |Manchester City |2 |2017–2018, 2018–2019 |- |{{flagicon|Skotlandia}} [[Kenny Dalglish]] |Blackburn Rovers | rowspan="7" |1 |1994–1995 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Carlo Ancelotti]] |Chelsea |2009–2010 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Roberto Mancini]] |Manchester City |2011–2012 |- |{{flagicon|Chili}}[[Manuel Pellegrini]] |Manchester City |2013–2014 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Claudio Ranieri]] |Leicester City |2015–2016 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}}[[Antonio Conte]] |Chelsea |2016–2017 |- |{{flagicon|Jerman}}[[Jürgen Klopp]] |Liverpool |2019–2020 |} {| class="wikitable" |+Manajer paling anyar !WN !Pelatih !Klub !Diangkat !Durasi |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Eddie Howe]] |[[Bournemouth]] |12 Oktober 2012 |8 tahun, 146 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Shandy Cheeks|Sean Dyche]] |[[Burnley]] |30 Oktober 2012 |8 tahun, 128 hari |- |{{flagicon|Jerman}} |[[Jürgen Klopp]] |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |8 Oktober 2015 |5 tahun, 150 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Chris Wilder]] |[[Sheffield United]] |12 Mei 2016 |4 tahun, 299 hari |- |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} |[[Pep Guardiola]] |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |1 Juli 2016 |4 tahun, 249 hari |- |{{flagicon|Jerman}} |[[Daniel Farke]] |[[Norwich City]] |25 Mei 2017 |3 tahun, 286 hari |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}} |[[Nuno Espírito Santo]] |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers]] |31 Mei 2017 |3 tahun, 280 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Roy Hodgson]] |[[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] |12 September 2017 |3 tahun, 176 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Dean Smith]] |[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] |10 Oktober 2018 |2 tahun, 148 hari |- |{{flagicon|Austria}} |[[Ralph Hasenhüttl]] |[[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] |5 Desember 2018 |2 tahun, 92 hari |- |{{flagicon|Nurwègen}} |[[Ole Gunnar Solskjær]] |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |19 Desember 2018 |2 tahun, 78 hari |- |{{flagicon|Irlandia Utara}} |[[Brendan Rodgers]] |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |26 Februari 2019 |2 tahun, 9 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Graham Potter]] |[[Brighton]] & [[Hove Albion]] |20 Mei 2019 |1 tahun, 291 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Frank Lampard]] |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |4 Juli 2019 |1 tahun, 246 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Steve Bruce]] |[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] |17 Juli 2019 |1 tahun, 233 hari |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}} |[[José Mourinho]] |[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] |20 November 2019 |1 tahun, 107 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Nigel Pearson]] |[[Watford]] |6 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 91 hari |- |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} |[[Mikèl Artéta|Mikel Arteta]] |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |20 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 77 hari |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} |[[Carlo Ancelotti]] |[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |21 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 76 hari |- |{{flagicon|Skotlandia}} |[[David Moyes]] |[[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] |29 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 68 hari |} == Pamuter == === Pemain manca lan aturan transfer === Ing wiwitan Liga Premier ing musim 1992-93, mung 11 pemain ing barisan wiwitan ing babak pertama pertandingan teka saka njaba Inggris utawa Irlandia. Ing taun 2000-2001, jumlah pemain asing sing melu Liga Premier tekan 36% saka total pemain. Ing musim 2004-2005, jumlah iki mundhak dadi 45%. Ing taun 2009, kurang saka 40% pemain ing Liga Premier minangka pemain lokal. Ing wulan Februari 2020, pemain saka 117 negara sing beda-beda wis main ing Liga Premier, ing ngendi pemain saka 101 warga negara wis ngetung gol. Nanggepi keprihatinan manawa klub bakal nggunakake pemain asing tinimbang pemain Inggris sing enom, ing taun 1999, Kantor Ngarep ngencengi aturane babagan menehi ijin kerja kanggo para pemain saka negara-negara ing sanjabane Uni Eropa. Pemain saka negara non-Uni Eropa sing ndhaptar lisensi, mesthine kudu main kanggo negarane paling ora 75 persen pertandingan kelas 'A' lan dipilih ing rong taun kepungkur, lan negarane kudu ana peringkat paling ora 70 ing Peringkat Dunia FIFA sajrone rong taun kepungkur. Yen pemain ora memenuhi kriteria kasebut, klub sing pengin nggawe kontrak karo pemain kasebut bisa ngajokake banding. {| class="wikitable" |+Penampilan terbanyak !Per !Pamuter !Katon |- |1 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Gareth Barry]] |553 |- |2 |{{flagicon|Wales}}[[Ryan Giggs]] |632 |- |3 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Frank Lampard]] |609 |- |4 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[David James]] |572 |- |5 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[James Milner]] |538 |- |6 |{{flagicon|Wales}}[[Gary Speed]] |535 |- |7 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Emile Heskey]] |516 |- |8 |{{flagicon|Australia}}[[Mark Schwarzer]] |514 |- |9 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Jamie Carragher]] |508 |- |10 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Phil Neville]] |505 |- | colspan="3" |''Ing tanggal 27 Juli 2020'' ''Miring: pemain sing isih main ing bal-balan profesional.'' ''Kandel: pemain isih main ing Premiership.'' |} Pemain mung bisa ditransfer sajrone wektu transfer sing ditemtokake dening The Football Association. Rong periode transfer diwiwiti saka dina pungkasan musim dadi 31 Agustus lan saka 31 Desember nganti 31 Januari. Registrasi pemain ora bisa diijolake ing njaba periode iki, kajaba lisensi khusus saka FA, sing umume diwenehake nalika darurat. Ing musim 2010-2011, Liga Premier ngenalake aturan anyar sing mbutuhake klub ndhaptar regu nganti 25 pemain sing umure 21 taun, sing mung bisa diganti sajrone transisi utawa ing kahanan sing luar biasa. Iki tujuane supaya bisa ngetrapake aturan "home grow", ing Liga Premier uga diwiwiti ing taun 2010 mbutuhake paling ora 8 saka 25 pemain yaiku "pemain lokal". ==== Gaji pamuter ==== Ora ana watesan gaji tim utawa individu ing Liga Premier. Minangka asil saka kesepakatan televisi sing saya nguntungake, gaji pemain mundhak banget sawise dibentuk Liga Premier nalika rata-rata gaji pemain yaiku 75.000 saben taun. Ing musim 2018-19, gaji tahunan rata-rata yaiku £ 2,99 yuta. Total gaji pemain sing dibayar dening 20 klub Liga Premier ing musim 2018-19 yaiku 1.62 milyar, luwih dhuwur tinimbang liga liyane ing Eropa, kayata La Liga (£ 1.05 milyar), Serie A (£ 0,83 milyar), The Bundesliga ( £ 0,72 milyar), lan Ligue 1 (£ 0,54 milyar). Klub kanthi gaji rata-rata paling dhuwur yaiku Manchester United kanthi £ 6,5 yuta. Nilai iki luwih murah tinimbang tim kanthi gaji paling dhuwur, kayata ing Spanyol (Barcelona £ 10,5 yuta) lan Italia (Juventus £ 6,7 juta), nanging luwih dhuwur tinimbang Jerman (Bayern Munich £ 6,4 yuta) lan Prancis (Paris Saint Germain £ 6,1 yuta). Rasio gaji ing antarane tim kanthi gaji paling murah nganti paling dhuwur ing Liga Premier yaiku 1 nganti 6,82. Angka iki luwih murah tinimbang liga liyane ing Eropa, yaiku Serie A (1 ing 16), La Liga (1 ing 19.1), Bundesliga (1 ing 20.5), lan Ligue 1 (1 ing 26.6). Amarga kesenjangan gaji sing kurang ing antarane tim ing Liga Premier, dianggep luwih kompetitif tinimbang liga divisi paling dhuwur ing negara-negara Eropa liyane. {| class="wikitable" |+Gaji rata-rata miturut klub ing musim 2018-2019 !Per. !Klub !Gaji |- |1 |Manchester United |£6.534.654 |- |2 |Manchester City |£5.993.000 |- |3 |Chelsea |£5.020.004 |- |4 |Liverpool |£4.862.963 |- |5 |Arsenal |£4.853.130 |- |6 |Tottenham |£3.515.778 |- |7 |Everton |£3.252.690 |- |8 |West Ham |£3.189.333 |- |9 |Crystal Palace |£2.757.000 |- |10 |Leicester |£2.710.710 |- |11 |Southampton |£2.669.333 |- |12 |Bournemouth |£1.989.520 |- |13 |Watford |£1.775.172 |- |14 |Wolves |£1.757.600 |- |15 |Fulham |£1.727.440 |- |16 |Brighton |£1.695.040 |- |17 |Newcastle |£1.650.133 |- |18 |Burnley |£1.603.197 |- |19 |Huddersfield |£1.238.000 |- |20 |Cardiff |£957.471 |} ===== Ragad transfer pamuter ===== Ragad transfer rekor kanggo pemain Liga Premier terus saya maju sajrone kompetisi. Sadurunge wiwitan musim Liga Premier pisanan, [[Alan Shearer]] dadi pemain Inggris pertama sing duwe biaya transfer luwih saka £ 3 yuta. Rekor kasebut terus meningkat lan [[Philippe Coutinho]] saiki dadi pemain transfer sing nglibatake klub Liga Premier Inggris kanthi rega £ 106 yuta. Ragad transfer paling gedhe sing dibayar dening klub Liga Premier yaiku £ 89 yuta kanggo Paul Pogba. {| class="wikitable" |+Ragad transfer paling dhuwur sing dibayar dening klub Liga Premier Inggris !Per !Pamuter !Gaji !Taun ! colspan="2" |Transfer !Referensi |- |1 |{{flagicon|Brasil}}[[Philippe Coutinho]] |£106 juta |2018 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Liverpool |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}Barcelona |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.football-italia.net/88963/official-pogba-man-utd-%E2%82%AC105m|title=Official: Pogba to Man Utd for €105m {{!}} Football Italia|website=www.football-italia.net|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref><ref name="manutd.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news|title=Man Utd News {{!}} Team news, injury updates, transfers, new signings|website=www.manutd.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37016170|title=Pogba rejoins Man Utd for record £89m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="espn.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/|title=Soccer Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN|website=ESPN.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> |- |2 |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}}[[Eden Hazard]] |£89 juta |2019 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Chelsea |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}Real Madrid |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49224905|title=Man Utd sign defender Maguire for £80m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Transferts-harry-maguire-le-defenseur-le-plus-cher-de-l-histoire-a-manchester-united-pour-six-ans/1046398|title=Transferts : Harry Maguire, le défenseur le plus cher de l'histoire, à Manchester United pour six ans|website=L'Équipe|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> |- |3 |{{flagicon|Wales}}[[Gareth Bale]] |£86 juta |2013 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Tottenham Hotspur |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}Real Madrid |<ref name="manutd.com"/><ref name="espn.com"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40550934|title=Man Utd sign Everton's Lukaku for £75m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/07/10/romelu-lukaku-completes-75m-manchester-united-move/|title=Romelu Lukaku completes Manchester United move in deal that could reach world record £90m|last=Ducker|first=James|date=2017-07-10|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |4 |{{flagicon|Portugal}}[[Cristiano Ronaldo]] |£80 juta |2009 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42496637|title=Van Dijk to join Liverpool for £75m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Harry Maguire]] |£80 juta |2019 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Leicester City |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49197553|title=Arsenal confirm winger Pepe signing|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |6 |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}}[[Romelu Lukaku]] |£75 juta |2017 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Everton |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/2018/8/8/kepa-arrives-at-chelsea|title=Kepa arrives at Chelsea {{!}} Official Site {{!}} Chelsea Football Club|website=ChelseaFC|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Uruguay}}[[Luis Suárez]] |£75 juta |2014 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Liverpool |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}[[Barcelona]] |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841|title=Man City agree £62.8m Rodri signing|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Belanda}}[[Virgil van Dijk]] |£75 juta |2018 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Southampton |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Liverpool | |- |9 |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}}[[Romelu Lukaku]] |£74 juta |2019 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |{{flagicon|Italia}}[[Inter Milan]] | |- |10 |{{flagicon|Aljazair}}[[Riyad Mahrez]] |£60 juta |2018 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Leicester City |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester City | |} ===== Skor paling dhuwur ===== [[Barkas:Alan_Shearer_2008.jpg|jmpl|Alan Shearer adalah pencetak gol terbanyak dalam sejarah Liga Utama Inggris.]] {| class="wikitable" |+''Per 19 Februari 2020'' !Per !Pamuter !Taun !Gol !Katon !Rasio |- |1 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Alan Shearer]] |1992–2006 |260 |441 |0.59 |- |2 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Wayne Rooney]] |2002–2018 |208 |491 |0.42 |- |3 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Andy Cole]] |1992–2008 |187 |414 |0.45 |- |4 |{{flagicon|Argentina}}[[Sergio Agüero]] |2011– |180 |259 |0.69 |- |5 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Frank Lampard]] |1995–2015 |177 |609 |0.29 |- |6 |{{flagicon|Italia}}[[Thierry Henry]] |1999–2007, 2012 |175 |258 |0.68 |- |7 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Robbie Fowler]] |1993–2009 |163 |379 |0.43 |- |8 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Jermain Defoe]] |2001–2003, 2004–2014, 2015–2019 |162 |496 |0.33 |- |9 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Michael Owen]] |1996–2004, 2005–13 |150 |326 |0.46 |- |10 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Les Ferdinand]] |1992–2005 |149 |351 |0.42 |} Penghargaan Shoe Golden dianugerahi pencetak gol utama Liga Premier ing saben musim. Mantan Blackburn Rovers lan pemain Newcastle United Alan Shearer nyekel rekor kanggo top scorer kanthi 260 gol. 28 pemain wis ngetung 100 gol utawa luwih. Wiwit musim Liga Premier kaping pisanan, 14 pemain saka 10 klub menang utawa nuduhake gelar top scorer. Thierry Henry menang gelar kaping papat kanthi nyetak 27 gol ing musim 2005-2006. Andrew Cole (Newcastle United) lan Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers) nyekel rekor paling gol sing dicetak ing sawijining musim, kanthi 34 gol. Manchester United Ryan Giggs nyekel rekor minangka pencetak gol ing musim berturut-turut, sawise ngetung 21 gol ing musim pertama liga. == Penghargaan == [[Barkas:GoldInvinciblesTrophy.jpg|jmpl|Piala Liga Premier digawe saka emas dianugerahi Arsenal sawise menang musim 2003-2004 tanpa kalah]] === Piala === Liga Premier Inggris njaga rong tropi, yaiku piala asli (dicekel juara bertahan) lan replika cadangan. Rong trofi disiapake yen rong klub bisa menang Liga ing dina pungkasan musim iki. Ing acara langka sing luwih saka rong klub saingan kanggo judhul ing dina pungkasan musim iki, replika sing dimenangake dening klub sadurunge bakal digunakake. Trofi Liga Premier paling anyar digawe dening Royal Jewelers Asprey saka London. Piala kasebut kalebu tropi kanthi mahkota emas lan plunggu tembaga. Massa dhasar tekan 33 pon (15&nbsp;kg) lan piala kasebut dhewe duwe jisim 22 pon (10,0&nbsp;kg). Cangkir lan pangkalan dawane 76&nbsp;cm (30&nbsp;in), jembaré 43&nbsp;cm (17&nbsp;in), lan jerone 25&nbsp;cm (9,8 inci). Awak utama piala kasebut yaiku perak salaka lan perak sing dipasang, nanging dhasar digawe saka lazyite, watu semi larang regane. Tapak sikil duwe bandage perak ing saubengé, lan jeneng-jeneng klub sing menang judhule ditulis. Werna ijo malas uga nggambarake lapangan main ijo. Desain piala adhedhasar lambang Tiga Singa sing ana gandhengane karo bal-balan Inggris. Loro singa diselehake ing genggaman ing sisih loro piala, lan sing nomer telu dilambangake karo kapten tim sing menang judhul nalika ngangkat trofi, lan mahkota emas, diluncurake ing pungkasan musim. Werna pita sing digantung ing gagang nggambarake warna tim juara liga taun kasebut. Ing taun 2004, piala emas khusus digawe kanggo ngelingi kemenangan Arsenal tanpa kalah siji. ==== Penghargaan pamuter lan manajer ==== Saliyane piala sing diwenehake menyang klub lan uga medali kanggo individu saka klub sing menang musim, Liga Premier uga wis menehi sawetara penghargaan ing musim iki. Pemain paling apik ing pertandingan kasebut (pemain paling apik) dianugerahi pemain sing duwe efek positif paling gedhe ing sawijining pertandingan. Uga ana penghargaan liyane saben wulan, diwenehake kanggo manajer lan pemain, uga pilihan target sing paling apik. Penghargaan kasebut uga diwenehake saben taun kanggo manajer, pemain, lan target paling apik ing musim iki. The Golden Shoe Award dianugerahi pencetak gol terbanyak saben musim. Penghargaan kasebut uga diwenehake kanggo pemain sing wis mbantu paling akeh, sing diarani playmaker. Penghargaan Sarung Tangan Emas diwenehake menyang [[kiper]] sing paling ora ngakoni. Wiwit musim 2017-2018, para pemain uga nampa penghargaan kanggo tampil ing 100 pertandingan lan saben abad sabanjure. Penghargaan uga diwenehake kanggo pemain sing wis ngetung 50 gol lan gandaan. Saben pemain sing wis nggayuh tonggak sejarah iki bakal nampa kothak sing ngemot medali khusus lan plakat minangka tandha apresiasi marang prestasine. ===== Penghargaan 20 Musim ===== Ing 2012, Liga Premier ngrayakake dasawarsa kaping pindho kanthi dadi 20 Seasons Award. * Tim fantasi ing 20 musim ** '''Pilihan Panel:''' Peter Schmeichel, [[Gary Neville]], [[Tony Adams]], [[Rio Ferdinand]], [[Ashley Cole]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Roy Keane]], [[Paul Scholes]], Ryan Giggs, Thierry Henry, Alan Shearer ** Pilihan Umum: [[Peter Schmeichel]], Gary Neville, Tony Adams, [[Nemanja Vidić]], Ashley Cole, Cristiano Ronaldo, Steven Gerrard, Paul Scholes, [[Ryan Giggs]], Thierry Henry, Alan Shearer ** Manajer paling apik: Sir [[Alex Ferguson]] ** Pamuter paling apik: [[Ryan Giggs]] ** Paling katon: [[Gareth Barry]] (652) ** Skor paling dhuwur: [[Alan Shearer]] (260) ** Umume gol kebobolan: [[David James]] (173) ** Klub 500: [[Steven Gerrard]], [[Jamie Carragher]], [[Gareth Barry]], [[Ryan Giggs]], [[David James]], [[Gary Speed]], [[Frank Lampard]], [[Emile Heskey]] lan [[Sol Campbell]]. ** Tujuan Paling Apik: [[Wayne Rooney]], 12 Februari 2011, Man. United vs Manungsa. Kutha ** Simpen paling apik: [[Craig Gordon]], 18 Desember 2010, [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] vs [[Boston|Bolton]] ** Tim Taun: Arsenal 2003-2004. == Referensi == <references /> mp7qfqldxjf4asd6w5d4yikh5z7gvvr 1752738 1752737 2026-08-17T03:24:45Z Rachmat04 17468 Membalikkan [[Special:Diff/1727936/1752737|suntingan]] oleh Agbm7 ke revisi sebelumnya oleh InternetArchiveBot · [[w:id:Pengguna:Rachmat04/Tengu.js|⛩️]] 1752738 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" cellspacing="5" style="width: 28em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.2em" |+ class="fn" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;" |[[Barkas:Premier_league_text_logo.png|pus|nirbing|Liga Premier Inggris]] ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Negara | colspan="3" class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[:id:Inggris|Inggris]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Konfederasi | colspan="3" class="birthplace" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Uni Sepak Bola Eropa|UEFA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Kabentuk | colspan="3" class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |20 Februari 1992 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Cacahing tim | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |20 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Tingkat ing piramida | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |1 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Diturunake menyang | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Kejuaraan EFL|Kejuaraan EFL]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Piala domestik | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Piala FA|Piala FA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Community Shield FA|Community Shield FA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Piala Liga | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Piala EFL|Piala EFL]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Piala Internasional | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Liga Champions UEFA|Liga Champions UEFA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Liga Eropa UEFA|Liga Eropa UEFA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Juara bertahan | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |([[:id:Liga Utama Inggris 2019–2020|2019-2020]]) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Klub sing paling sukses | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (13 gelar) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Paling katon | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Gareth Barry|Gareth Barry]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |(653) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Skor paling dhuwur | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Alan Shearer|Alan Shearer]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |(260) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Stasiun televisi | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Sky Sports|Sky Sports]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:en:BT Sport|BT Sport]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Situs web | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[https://www.premierleague.com/matchweek/5690/blog premierleague.com] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Situs Alternatif | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[https://rajabola24jam.net/ rajabola24jam.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228153421/http://rajabola24jam.net/ |date=2021-02-28 }} |- | colspan="4" class="" style="text-align:center; color:darkslategray; font-size:95%" | |} '''Liga Utama Inggris''' utawa '''Liga Premier Inggris'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Premier|title=Liga Premier Inggris}}</ref> (Inggris: Liga Premier Inggris, EPL) minangka liga paling dhuwur ing sistem liga sepak bola ing Inggris. Kompetisi iki dirawuhi 20 klub, liga iki ngetrapake sistem promosi lan degradasi karo [[:id:English Football League|English Football League]] (EFL). Liga Premier minangka perusahaan sing dadi klub sing melu liga dadi pemegang saham. Musim kasebut diwiwiti saka wulan Agustus nganti Mei, kanthi saben tim main 38 game, kanthi 19 game ing omah lan 19 pertandingan tandang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/observer/osm/story/0,,626773,00.html|title=United (versus Liverpool) Nations {{!}} Sport {{!}} The Observer|website=www.theguardian.com|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Kompetisi kasebut didegake kanthi jeneng awal Liga Premier FA (FA Liga Premier Inggris) tanggal 20 Februari 1992 sawise sawetara klub sing melu [[:id:Divisi Pertama Liga Inggris|Divisi Pertama Liga Premier]] mutusake pisah karo liga sing didegake ing taun 1888, lan njupuk kauntungan saka perjanjian hak televisi sing digawe ing taun 1888. dianggep duwe bathi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jun/13/premier-league-tv-rights-3-billion-sky-bt|title=Premier League lands £3bn TV rights bonanza from Sky and BT|date=2012-06-13|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Kesepakatan kasebut regane £ 1 milyar [[:id:Pound sterling|poundsterling]] musim 2013–2014, sajrone Sky lan BT Group dadi pemegang hak domestik kanggo nyiarkan 116 lan 38 pertandingan. 22 klub main ing musim pertama liga.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-11/top-soccer-leagues-get-25-rise-in-tv-rights-sales-report-says|title=Top Soccer Leagues Get 25% Rise in TV Rights Sales, Report Says|date=2013-11-11|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en}}</ref> Liga iki ngasilake £ 2.2 milyar saben taun minangka asil saka hak penyiaran domestik lan internasional. Liga kasebut minangka liga olahraga sing paling ditonton ing saindenging jagad, disiarake ing 212 wilayah menyang 643 yuta pamirsa ing omah lan calon pamirsa 4,7 milyar. Mayoritas stadion kasebut meh kebak kapasitas. Liga Premier rangking nomer loro ing koefisien Liga UEFA<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/history-and-time-are-key-to-power-of-football-says-premier-league-chief-3d3zf5kb35m|title=History and time are key to power of football, says Premier League chief|last=Ebner|first=Sarah|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en|issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/research-policy-insight/insight-articles/playing-game-soft-power-sport|title=Playing the game: The soft power of sport {{!}} British Council|website=www.britishcouncil.org|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2021-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165401/https://www.britishcouncil.org/research-policy-insight/insight-articles/playing-game-soft-power-sport|url-status=dead}}</ref> adhedhasar prestasi ing kompetisi Eropa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/9915096/hold-hold-hold-hold|title=Your ground's too big for you! Which stadiums were closest to capacity in England last season?|website=Sky Sports|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> ing limang musim pungkasan ing taun 2019, ing sangisore Spanyol La Liga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/#/yr/2018|title=Country coefficients {{!}} UEFA Coefficients|last=UEFA.com|website=UEFA.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> 49 tim wis main sajrone kampanye kasebut, ing endi 47 klub adhedhasar ing Inggris lan 2 klub saka [[:id:Wales|Wales]], nggawe liga kasebut dadi kompetisi lintas batas. Nenem tim menang gelar, yaiku: [[:id:Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (13), [[:id:Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] (5), [[:id:Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] (4), [[:id:Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (3), [[:id:Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] (1), [[:id:Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] (1) lan [[:id:Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (1). == Sejarah == === Latar mburi === Sanajan sawetara klub bisa nggayuh sukses ing papan Eropa ing taun 1970-an lan wiwitan taun 1980an, pungkasan taun 1980-an nandheske titik kurang ing jagad bal-balan Inggris. Stadion rusak, fasilitas pendukung sing ora apik, [[:id:Hooliganisme sepak bola|hooligan]] sing akeh lan larangan limang taun kanggo klub Inggris saka kompetisi Eropa sawise Tragedi Heysel ing taun 1985. [[:id:Divisi Pertama Liga Inggris|Divisi Pertama]], liga bal-balan tingkat paling dhuwur ing bal-balan Inggris sing didegake ing taun 1888, dadi salah sawijining liga liyane, kayata Serie A ing Italia utawa [[LaLiga|La Liga]] Spanyol, loro saka segi penghasilan lan kehadiran, uga migrasi ndhuwur Pemain Inggris ing luar negeri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/History/0,,12306,00.html|title=Official Site of the Premier League {{!}} Premier League {{!}} History {{!}} A History of The Premier League|date=2011-11-18|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2011-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118121453/http://www.premierleague.com/page/History/0,,12306,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing taun 1990-an, tren wiwit ganti, ing [[:id:Piala Dunia FIFA 1990|Piala Dunia FIFA 1990]], [[:id:Tim nasional sepak bola Inggris|timnas Inggris]] tekan semifinal lan UEFA ngangkat larangan lima taun ing klub Inggris saka main ing kompetisi Eropa ing taun 1990, saengga [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] bisa ngangkat Piala. Pemenang [[Uni Bal-balan Éropa|UEFA]] ing taun 1991. Laporan Taylor babagan standar safety stadion diterbitake ing wulan Januari 1991, ing laporan kasebut usul ningkatake kualitas stadion kanthi nggawe kabeh stadion lungguh, mula biayane cukup akeh. Iki ana gandhengane karo Tragedi Hillsborough sing kedadeyan tanggal 15 April 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.footballnetwork.org/dev/communityfootball/violence_taylor_report.asp|title=The Taylor Report|date=2006-10-16|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2006-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016222436/http://www.footballnetwork.org/dev/communityfootball/violence_taylor_report.asp|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Ing taun 1980-an, klub-klub Inggris utama wis wiwit malih dadi usaha bisnis kanthi ngetrapake prinsip komersial marang administrasi klub supaya bisa nggedhekake penghasilan. Martin Edwards saka Manchester United, Irving Scholar [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]], lan David Dein saka [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] kalebu pimpinan transformasi kasebut.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=YZ6MAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA342&lpg=PA342&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Association Game: A History of British Football|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|date=2013-10-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-87008-1|language=en}}</ref> Iki nyebabake klub-klub paling dhuwur ngupaya nambah kekuwatan, saengga klub-klub sing main ing Divisi Satu ngancam bakal ninggalake Liga Sepakbola kanggo nambah kekuwatan suara lan ngatur finansial kanthi luwih nguntungake kanthi njupuk 50% pangasilan saka kabeh televisi lan penghasilan sponsor ing taun 1986 . Dheweke nuntut supaya perusahaan televisi mbayar luwih akeh kanggo jangkoan pertandingan,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=YZ6MAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA343&lpg=PA343&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Association Game: A History of British Football|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|date=2013-10-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-87008-1|language=en}}</ref> lan bathi televisi dadi saya penting nalika [[:id:Liga Sepak bola Inggris|The Footbal League]] nampa £ 6.3 yuta kanggo perjanjian rong taun ing taun 1986, nanging ing kesepakatan gabungan ITV ing taun 1988. rega mundhak banget nganti £ 44 yuta sajrone suwene patang taun, sajrone klub-klub paling dhuwur njupuk 75% saka penghasilan. Ing negosiasi kasebut,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/sociology/css/resources/factsheets/fs8.html|title=British Football on Television: Centre for the Sociology of Sport, Department of Sociology, University of Leicester|date=2011-06-06|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2011-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606080220/http://www.le.ac.uk/sociology/css/resources/factsheets/fs8.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> saben klub Divisi Pertama nampa udakara £ 25,000 saben taun kanggo hak televisi sadurunge taun 1986 lan iki mundhak udakara kaping pindho luwih akeh nalika negosiasi ing taun 1986, lan mundhak dadi 600.000 poundsterling ing taun 1988. Rembugan ing taun 1988 ditindakake kanthi ancaman saka sepuluh klub sing ngrencanakake bakal ninggalake liga kanggo mbentuk "liga super", nanging dheweke dibujuk tetep ing liga, nanging banjur entuk bathi gedhe. Rundingan kasebut uga nggawe percoyo marang klub-klub gedhe yen kanggo entuk jumlah suara sing cukup, dheweke butuh kabeh Divisi Pertama lan ora duwe "liga super" sing luwih cilik. Ing wiwitan taun 1990-an, klub-klub gedhe kasebut wiwit budhal, amarga nalika semana dheweke kudu menehi dana kanggo ngrampungake stadion, kaya sing disaranake ing Laporan Taylor. ==== kawangun ==== Ing taun 1990, direktur ngatur London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, ketemu karo perwakilan saka limang klub sepak bola utama ing Inggris (Manchester United, Liverpool, Tottenham, Everton lan Arsenal) nalika nedha bengi. Rapat kasebut kanggo mbukak dalan supaya dheweke bisa lunga saka Liga Sepakbola. Dyke percaya yen bakal luwih nguntungake LWT yen klub-klub gedhe ditampilake ing televisi nasional lan dheweke kepengin ngerti manawa klub kasebut bakal kepincut karo pangasilan hak televisi sing luwih gedhe. Lima klub kasebut setuju karo saran kasebut lan mutusake kanggo nerusake, sanajan liga kasebut ora bakal duwe kapercayan tanpa dhukungan saka Asosiasi Sepak Bola, mula David Dein saka Arsenal lagi ngobrol yen FA bisa nampa ide kasebut. FA ora duwe hubungan sing apik banget karo Liga Sepakbola nalika semana, lan dianggep minangka cara kanggo nyuda posisi Liga Sepakbola. FA ngluncurake laporan ing wulan Juni 1991, Blueprint for the Future of Football, sing nyengkuyung rencana kanggo Premiership kanthi FA minangka panguwasa paling dhuwur kanggo ngawasi liga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/from-the-archive-blog/2012/feb/02/20-years-premier-league-football-1992|title=Premier League football at 20: 1992, the start of a whole new ball game|date=2012-02-02|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Ing pungkasan musim 1991, proposal diajukake, kanthi tujuan nggawe liga anyar sing bakal nyedhiyakake luwih akeh dhuwit ing game kasebut. Perjanjian pendiri (Perjanjian Anggota Pendhiri) ditandatangani tanggal 17 Juli 1991 dening klub paling dhuwur sing menehi dhasar kanggo persiapan Liga Premier FA (FA Premier League). Divisi level paling anyar sing mentas dibentuk duwe independen komersial independen saka The Football Association lan Liga Sepakbola, saengga liga bisa negosiasi hak siaran lan penawaran sponsor dhewe. Argumentasi sing diwenehake nalika semana minangka penghasilan tambahan sing ngidini klub Inggris bisa bersaing karo klub liyane ing Eropa. Sanajan Dyke duwe peran penting ing tatanan liga, Dyke lan ITV kelangan nominasi kanggo hak siaran sawise BSkyB menang tawaran kasebut udakara 304 yuta sajrone limang taun, bareng karo [[:id:BBC|BBC]] berhak nyiarake cuplikan ringkes ing Match of the Day ing kala wau.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/david-conn-inside-sport-blog/2013/sep/04/greg-dyke-premier-league-history|title=Greg Dyke seems to forget his role in the Premier League's formation {{!}} David Conn|date=2013-09-04|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Ing taun 1992, klub Divisi Pertama mundur akeh saka Liga Sepakbola, lan tanggal 27 Mei 1992, Liga Premier FA didegake minangka perusahaan tanggung jawab winates sing makarya ing njaba markas FA ing Lancaster Gate. Iki minangka pamisahan Liga Sepak Bola sing wis lumaku 104 taun kanthi patang divisi, dene Liga Premier mung duwe siji divisi lan Liga Sepakbola banjur lumaku bareng telu. Ora ana pangowahan format kompetisi, kanthi jumlah tim sing padha main ing level paling dhuwur, lan sistem promosi lan degradasi antarane Premiership lan Divisi Pertama sing anyar tetep padha karo antarane Divisi Pertama lan Kapindho. , ing endi ana telung tim sing mundur lan telu uga mundur. tim kasebut dipromosikan menyang level sing luwih dhuwur. Musim kaping pisanan liga yaiku edhisi 1992–1993 sing dirawuhi dening 22 klub. Gol kaping pisanan dicetak dening Brian Deane saka Sheffield United nalika ngalahake Manchester United 2-1. 22 anggota Liga Premier sing pertama, yaiku: [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]], [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], [[Coventry City]], [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]], Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest , Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur lan Wimbledon. Luton Town, Notts County lan West Ham United minangka telung tim sing mudhun saka Divisi Pertama sing lawas lan ora melu edhisi pisanan iki.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=HUFeEjq4hZkC&pg=PT18&redir_esc=y|title=Glory, Goals and Greed: Twenty Years of the Premier League|last=Lovejoy|first=Joe|date=2011-08-04|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-78057-144-7|language=en}}</ref> ===== Dominasi Papat Besar ===== Salah sawijining pinunjul saka Premiership ing pertengahan taun 2000an yaiku dominasi sing diarani Papat Besar: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool lan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/|title=The Times & The Sunday Times|website=www.thetimes.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Sajrone dasawarsa iki, dheweke nguwasani patang papan paling dhuwur, kanthi kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA, njupuk kabeh papat posisi teratas ing 5 saka 6 musim wiwit 2003-2004 nganti 2008-2009, nalika saben musim sajrone taun 2000-an ndeleng "Big "tim. Papat" mesthi lolos ing kompetisi Eropa. Sawise musim 2003-2004, Arsenal entuk julukan "The Invincible" amarga dheweke dadi klub pertama sing ngrampungake musim Premiership tanpa dikalahake ing sawijining pertandingan, sing mung kedadeyan sepisan ing Premiership.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/3696197.stm|title=Arsenal make history|date=2004-05-15|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/arsenal-invincibles-how-wengers-2003-04-gunners-went-a/1xkm3tgyvsbjj1wzrewhqz0liu|title=Arsenal Invincibles: How Wenger's 2003-04 Gunners went a season without defeat {{!}} Goal.com|website=www.goal.com|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Sajrone taun 2000an, mung papat tim ing njaba Papat Besar sing mara ing Liga Champions: [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] (1999-2000), Newcastle United (2001-2002 lan 2002-2003), Everton (2004-2005), lan Tottenham Hotspur (2009–2010), ing papan kasebut ngisi papan pungkasan Liga Champions, kajaba Newcastle ing musim 2002-2003, sing menang nomer telu. Ing wulan Mei 2008, Kevin Keegan mratelakake manawa dominasi Papat Besar ngancam liga, "Liga iki diancam bahaya dadi salah sawijining liga sing paling mboseni nanging hebat ing donya."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/n/newcastle_united/7384247.stm|title=Power of top four concerns Keegan|date=2008-05-06|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kepala eksekutif Liga Premier Richard Scudamore ujar. ing pertahanan: "Ana akeh pergolakan sing kedadeyan ing Premiership gumantung manawa sampeyan ana ing sisih ndhuwur, tengah utawa ngisor sing nggawe menarik." Saka 2005 nganti 2012, ana entri Liga Premier ing pitung saka wolu final [[Liga Champions UEFA|Liga Champions]], kanthi mung klub Papat Besar sing tekan tahap kasebut. Liverpool (2005), Manchester United (2008) lan Chelsea (2012) menang kompetisi sajrone periode kasebut, dene Arsenal (2006), Liverpool (2007), Chelsea (2008) lan Manchester United (2009 lan 2011) kalah ing Liga Champions pungkasan. Leeds United minangka siji-sijine tim Papat Besar sing entuk semi-final Liga Champions, ing musim 2000-2001. Kajaba iku, ing antarane musim 1999-2000 lan 2009-10, papat tim Liga Premier entuk Piala UEFA utawa final Liga Europa, kajaba Liverpool sing menang kompetisi ing taun 2001. Arsenal (2000), Middlesbrough (2006), lan Fulham (2010) kabeh kalah ing final. Sanajan dominasi grup kasebut surut sawise periode iki kanthi munculé Manchester City lan Tottenham, ing babagan poin menang Liga Premier ing salawas-lawase, dheweke tetep ndhisiki sawetara prabédan. Ing pungkasan musim 2018-2019 yaiku musim kaping 27, Liverpool, sing ana ing urutan nomer papat ing tabel poin kabeh-wektu, ana 250 poin sadurunge tim sabanjure, Tottenham Hotspur. Dheweke uga dadi siji-sijine tim sing njaga rata-rata kemenangan luwih saka 50% sajrone penampilan Liga Premier. ====== Nenem Gedhe Katon ====== Taun-taun sabanjure taun 2009 ditandhani pangowahan struktur "Papat besar" kanthi Tottenham Hotspur lan [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kalorone lumebu ing papat papan teratas kanthi rutin, ngowahi "Papat besar" dadi Nenem Gedhe Katon<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/changing-dynamics-of-the-big-six-in-premier-league-title-race-1.422581|title=Changing dynamics of the 'Big Six' in Premier League title race|date=2011-08-11|website=The National|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref>. Ing musim 2009-10, Tottenham menang kaping papat lan dadi tim pertama sing menang papat wiwit Everton limang taun sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/tottenham-hotspur/7907619/Champions-League-defeat-could-ruin-Tottenhams-season-says-Vedran-Corluka.html|title=Champions League defeat could ruin Tottenham's season says Vedran Corluka|website=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Nanging, kritik babagan kesenjangan ing antarane klompok elit "klub super" lan mayoritas Premiership terus, amarga tambah kemampuane mbuwang luwih akeh tinimbang klub Liga Premier liyane.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/14844717|title=Gap is widening at top - McLeish|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> Manchester City menang gelar kasebut ing musim 2011-2012, dadi klub pertama ing njaba "papat besar" sing menang wiwit [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] ing musim 1994-95. Musim kasebut uga ndeleng loro "papat besar" (Chelsea lan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]) ngrampungake ing njaba patang papan kaping pisanan kanggo musim kasebut. Mung ana patang kualifikasi [[Liga Champions UEFA]] sing kasedhiya ing liga, saiki ana kompetisi kanggo kualifikasi luwih gedhe, sanajan saka enem klub sempit. Yen tim padha kanthi poin lan bedane gol sing padha, play-off kanggo papan Liga Champions UEFA bakal dimainake kanthi netral. Ing limang musim sabanjure sawise kampanye 2011–2012, Manchester United lan Liverpool loro-lorone wis metu ing ndhuwur papat kaping telu nalika Chelsea dadi 10 ing musim 2015-16. Arsenal rampung kaping 5 ing taun 2016–2017, mungkasi rekor kasebut kanthi 20 final ndhuwur-papat berturut-turut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/arsenal-secure-top-four-finish-20th-straight-season-qualify-champions-league-after-manchester-united-defeat-a7024176.html|title=Arsenal have just done something for the 20th consecutive year|date=2016-05-12|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Ing musim 2015-16, papat nomer papat ditembus dening tim non-Top Nenem wiwit kaping pisanan wiwit Everton ing taun 2005. Leicester City minangka pemenang liga kejutan, kualifikasi minangka asil saka Liga Champions. Rekor nilai paling dhuwur ing sawijining musim dicapai dening Manchester City kanthi 100 poin ing musim 2017-2018. Ing lapangan kasebut, Nenem Gedhe Katon duwe kekuwatan lan pengaruh finansial sing signifikan, kanthi klub kasebut negesake yen kudu entuk pangasilan sing luwih gedhe amarga saka klub sing luwih gedhe global lan bal-balan sing pengin diputer. Bantahan negesake manawa struktur penghasilan egaliter ing Premiership mbantu njaga liga kompetitif sing penting kanggo sukses mbesuke. Laporan Liga Bola Sepak Deloitte 2016-2017 nuduhake beda finansial antara Nenem Gedhe Katon lan bagean liyane. Kabeh tim Nenem Gedhe Katon duwe bathi luwih saka € 350 yuta, kanthi Manchester United duwe bathi paling gedhe ing liga ing € 676,3 yuta. [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] minangka klub paling cedhak karo Nenem Gedhe Katon ing babagan penghasilan, ngrekam angka € 271,1 yuta kanggo musim kasebut - dibantu partisipasi ing Liga Champions. Generator penghasilan paling gedhe nomer wolu paling West Ham, sing ora main ing kompetisi Eropa, duwe bathi € 213,3 yuta, meh setengah saka klub kasebut kanthi penghasilan kaping lima paling gedhe, Liverpool (€ 424,2 yuta). Umume penghasilan klub kasebut wiwit saka transaksi televisi siaran, kanthi klub paling gedhe saben kira-kira £ 150 yuta nganti meh 200 juta ing musim 2016-2017 saka transaksi kasebut. Ing laporan Deloitte taun 2019, kabeh "Enem Top" ana ing sepuluh klub paling terkenal ing donya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/10/02/changing-shape-premier-league-big-six-pulling-away/|title=The changing shape of the Premier League: how the 'big six' are pulling away|last=Tweedale|first=Alistair|date=2017-10-02|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> ====== Pangembangan ====== Jumlah klub dikurangi dadi 20, mudhun saka 22, ing 1995 nalika patang tim mudhun saka liga lan mung loro sing dipromosekake. Liga divisi paling dhuwur mung ngemot 22 tim ing wiwitan musim 1991–92 yaiku taun sadurunge pembentukan Premiership. Tanggal 8 Juni 2006, FIFA njaluk kabeh peserta ing liga utama Eropa, kalebu Serie A Italia lan La Liga Spanyol, dikurangi dadi 18 tim ing wiwitan musim 2007-2008. Liga Premier nanggapi kanthi ngumumake niat nolak pengurangan kasebut. Pungkasane, musim 2007-2008 diwiwiti maneh kanthi 20 tim. Liga iki ganti jeneng saka Liga Premier FA dadi Liga Premier Inggris ing taun 2007. == Struktur Perusahaan == [[:id:The Football Association|Football Association Premier]] League Ltd (FAPL) mbukak minangka perusahaan lan diduweni dening 20 klub anggota. Saben klub minangka pemegang saham, kanthi saben tim duwe swara babagan masalah kayata pangowahan aturan lan kontrak. Klub kasebut milih ketua, kepala eksekutif, lan dewan direksi kanggo ngawasi operasional liga saben dina. Asosiasi Sepak Bola ora melu langsung ing operasi saben dina kompetisi kasebut, nanging duwe kekuwatan veto minangka pemegang saham khusus nalika pemilihan dadi ketua lan kepala eksekutif lan nalika ana aturan anyar sing ditindakake dening liga. Ketua saiki yaiku Sir Dave Richards, sing ditunjuk ing wulan April 1999, lan kepala eksekutif yaiku [[Richard Scudamore]] sing diangkat tanggal November 1999. Mantan ketua lan kepala eksekutif, John Quinton lan Peter Leaver, dipeksa mundur ing wulan Maret 1999 sawise menehi kontrak konsultasi karo mantan eksekutif Sky Sam Chisholm lan David Chance. Rick Parry minangka kepala eksekutif liga kaping pisanan. Ing tanggal 13 November 2018, Susanna Dinnage diumumake minangka penerus Scudamore, sing jabatan wiwit awal 2019. Liga Premier ngirim perwakilan menyang Asosiasi Klub [[Éropa|Eropa]] UEFA, jumlah klub lan klub sing dipilih nuduhake koefisien UEFA. Kanggo musim 2012-2013, Liga Premier duwe 10 wakil ing asosiasi kasebut, yaiku: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United lan Tottenham Hotspur. Asosiasi Klub Eropa tanggung jawab milih telung anggota menyang Komite Kompetisi Klub UEFA, sing melu tumindak kompetisi UEFA kayata Liga Champions lan Liga Europa. == Format sayembara == === Kompetisi === Ana 20 klub sing main ing [[:id:Liga Utama Inggris|Liga Premier Inggris]]. Sajrone sawijining mangsa (wiwit wulan Agustus nganti Mei) saben klub main lawane ing rong pertandingan (sistem putaran-robin kaping pindho), ing endi pertandingan siji dimainake, dene pertandingan liyane dimainake ing markas mungsuh (adoh). . Tim sing menang pertandingan kasebut entuk telung poin, dene tim sing kalah ora entuk poin. Yen pertandingan kasebut menang, loro tim entuk 1 poin. Peringkat klub diurutake miturut total poin, banjur bedane gol, lan total gol sing dicetak. Yen isih level, tim kasebut dianggep padha drajate. Yen seri tim kasebut pengaruhe menang, degradasi, utawa kualifikasi kanggo kompetisi liyane, mula play-off bakal diselenggarakake ing papan netral kanggo nemtokake peringkat. Mayoritas pertandingan dimainake dina Setu lan Minggu awan. ==== Promosi lan degradasi ==== Sistem promosi lan degradasi digunakake ing antarane kompetisi Liga Premiere lan [[:id:Kejuaraan EFL|Kejuaraan EFL]]. Telung tim paling dhuwur ing Premiership bakal dicopot lan ditampilake ing Kejuaraan EFL ing musim sabanjure, lan rong tim utama Kejuaraan EFL munggah (promosi) menyang Premiership, ing endi sing nuduhake tim katelu ditemtokake liwat seri play-off sing diikuti karo tim peringkat 3 nganti 6. Liga Premier duwe 22 tim nalika diwiwiti ing taun 1992, nanging dikurangi dadi 20 ing taun 1995. == Klub sing melu == Ana 45 klub sing main ing Liga Premier wiwit liga dibentuk ing taun 1992, kalebu ing musim 2016-17. Nganti musim iki, mung ana 6 klub sing bisa terus bertahan ing Liga Premier. Manchester City sapisan dibuwang metu saka level paling dhuwur ing Liga Premier lan pungkasane main ing Divisi Loro. Klub-klub sing isih urip yaiku Arsenal, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester United lan Tottenham Hotspur. ===== Juara ===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !No !Musim !Juara !No !Musim !Juara |- |1 |1992–1993 |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |15 |2006–2007 |Manchester United |- |2 |1993–1994 |Manchester United |16 |2007–2008 |Manchester United |- |3 |1994–1995 |[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] |17 |2008–2009 |Manchester United |- |4 |1995–1996 |Manchester United |18 |2009–2010 |Chelsea |- |5 |1996–1997 |Manchester United |19 |2010–2011 |Manchester United |- |6 |1997–1998 |Arsenal |20 |2011–2012 |Manchester City |- |7 |1998–1999 |Manchester United |21 |2012–2013 |Manchester United |- |8 |1999–2000 |Manchester United |22 |2013–2014 |Manchester City |- |9 |2000–2001 |Manchester United |23 |2014–2015 |Chelsea |- |10 |2001–2002 |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |24 |2015–2016 |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |- |11 |2002–2003 |Manchester United |25 |2016–2017 |Chelsea |- |12 |2003–2004 |Arsenal |26 |2017–2018 |Manchester City |- |13 |2004–2005 |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |27 |2018–2019 |Manchester City |- |14 |2005–2006 |Chelsea |28 |2019–2020 |Liverpool |} ===== Miturut klub kasebut ===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Klub !Jumlah judhul !Mangsa kamenangan |- |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |13 |1992–1993, 1993–1994, 1995–1996, 1996–1997, 1998–1999, 1999–2000, 2000–2001, 2002–2003, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2010–2011, 2012–2013 |- |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |5 |2004–2005, 2005–2006, 2009–2010, 2014–2015, 2016–2017 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |4 |2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2017–2018, 2018–2019 |- |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |3 |1997–1998, 2001–2002, 2003–2004 |- |[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] |1 |1994–1995 |- |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |1 |2015–2016 |- |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |1 |2019–2020 |} ===== Peserta kanggo musim 2019-2020 ===== {| class="wikitable" |+20 klub ing ngisor iki saingan ing Liga Premier sajrone musim 2019-2020. !Klub !Posisi ing taun 2018-2019 !Musim Pertama ing Divisi Pertama !Musim Pertama ing Liga Premier Inggris !Musim ing Divisi Pertama !Mangsa ing Liga Utama Inggris !Musim Pertama Saiki Ngganti Divisi Pertama !Judhul Divisi Utama !Judhul pungkasan ing divisi utama |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]^a |ke-1 |1899–1900 |1992–93 |91 |23 |2002–03 |6 |2018–19 |- |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]^{a, b} |ke-2 |1894–95 |1992–93 |105 |28 |1962–63 |18 |1989–90 |- |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]^{a, b} |ke-3 |1907–08 |1992–93 |85 |28 |1989–90 |6 |2016–17 |- |[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspu]]<nowiki/>r^{a, b} |ke-4 |1909–10 |1992–93 |85 |28 |1978–79 |2 |1960–61 |- |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]^{a, b} |ke-5 |1904–05 |1992–93 |103 |28 |1919–20 |13 |2003–04 |- |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]^{a, b} |ke-6 |1892–93 |1992–93 |95 |28 |1975–76 |20 |2012–13 |- |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers]]^c |ke-7 |1888–89 |2003–04 |65 |6 |2018–19 |3 |1958–59 |- |[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]^{a, b, c} |ke-8 |1888–89 |1992–93 |117 |28 |1954–55 |9 |1986–87 |- |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |ke-9 |1908–09 |1994–95 |51 |14 |2014–15 |1 |2015–16 |- |[[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] |ke-10 |1923–24 |1993–94 |62 |24 |2012–13 |0 |n/a |- |[[Watford]] |ke-11 |1982–83 |1999–2000 |13 |7 |2015–16 |0 |n/a |- |[[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]^a |ke-12 |1969–70 |1992–93 |20 |11 |2013–14 |0 |n/a |- |[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] |ke-13 |1898–99 |1993–94 |88 |25 |2017–18 |4 |1926–27 |- |[[Bournemouth]]^b |ke-14 |2015–16 |2015–16 |5 |5 |2015–16 |0 |n/a |- |[[Burnley]]^c |ke-15 |1888–89 |2009–10 |57 |6 |2016–17 |2 |1959–60 |- |[[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]]^a |ke-16 |1966–67 |1992–93 |43 |21 |2012–13 |0 |n/a |- |[[Brighton]] & [[Hove Albion]]^b |ke-17 |1979–80 |2017–18 |7 |3 |2017–18 |0 |n/a |- |[[Norwich City]]^a |ke-1 di Championship |1972–73 |1992–93 |27 |9 |2019–20 |0 |n/a |- |[[Sheffield United]]^a |ke-2 di Championship |1893–94 |1992–93 |62 |4 |2019–20 |3 |1897–98 |- |[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]^{a, c} |ke-5 di Championship |1888–89 |1992–93 |105 |25 |2019–20 |7 |1980–81 |} * Cardiff City, Fulham lan Huddersfield Town mundur menyang Kejuaraan EFL kanggo musim 2019-2020, dene Norwich City, Sheffield United lan Aston Villa, minangka pemenang, nomer loro lan play-off, dipromosikake saka Kejuaraan EFL 2018-19 mangsane. * Bournemouth, Brighton lan Hove Albion lan Huddersfield Town minangka siji-sijine klub sing tetep ana ing Liga Premier wiwit promosi kaping pisanan, sawise main 4, 2 lan 2 musim (saben 27). ''^a: Anggota pendiri Liga Premier Inggris'' ''^b: Ora tau dicopot saka Liga Premier'' ''^c: Salah siji saka 12 tim Liga Sepakbola asli'' ==== Klub liyane ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Klub !Liga Saiki !Posisi ing taun 2018-2019 !Musim kaping pisanan ing divisi utama !Musim kaping pisanan ing Liga Premier Inggris !Musim terbaru di Liga Utama Inggris !Musim paling anyar ing Liga Premier !Mangsa ing Liga Utama Inggris !Judhul divisi utama !Judhul pungkasan ing divisi utama |- |[[Barnsley]] |Championship |ke-2 di Liga Satu |1997–98 |1997–98 |1997–98 |1 |1 |0 |n/a |- |[[Birmingham City]] |Championship |ke-17 |1894–95 |2002–03 |2010–11 |57 |7 |0 |n/a |- |[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]^{a, b} |Championship |ke-15 |1888–89 |1992–93 |2011–12 |72 |18 |3 |1994–95 |- |[[Blackpool]] |League One |ke-10 |1930–31 |2010–11 |2010–11 |28 |1 |0 |n/a |- |[[Bolton Wanderers]]^b |League One |ke-23 di Championship |1888–89 |1995–96 |2011–12 |61 |13 |0 |n/a |- |[[Bradford City]] |League Two |ke-24 di League One |1908–09 |1999–2000 |2000–01 |12 |2 |0 |n/a |- |[[Cardiff City]]^c |Championship |ke-18 di Premier League |1921–22 |2013–14 |2018–19 |17 |2 |0 |n/a |- |[[Charlton Athletic]] |Championship |ke-3 di League One |1936–37 |1998–99 |2006–07 |27 |8 |0 |n/a |- |[[Coventry City]]^a |League One |ke-8 |1967–68 |1992–93 |2000–01 |34 |9 |0 |n/a |- |[[Derby County]]^b |Championship |ke-6 |1888–89 |1996–97 |2007–08 |65 |7 |2 |1974–75 |- |[[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] |Championship |ke-19 di Premier League |1949–50 |2001–02 |2018–19 |26 |14 |0 |n/a |- |[[Huddersfield Town]] |Championship |ke-20 di Premier League |1920–21 |2017–18 |2018–19 |33 |2 |3 |1925–26 |- |[[Hull City]] |Championship |ke-13 |2008–09 |2008–09 |2016–17 |5 |5 |0 |n/a |- |[[Ipswich Town]]^a |League One |ke-24 di Championship |1961–62 |1992–93 |2001–02 |26 |14 |0 |1961–62 |- |[[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]]^a |Championship |ke-3 |1924–25 |1992–93 |2003–04 |33 |2 |3 |1991–92 |- |[[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]^a |Championship |ke-7 |1902–03 |1992–93 |2016–17 |5 |5 |0 |n/a |- |[[Nottingham Forest]]^a |Championship |ke-9 |1892–93 |1992–93 |1998–99 |56 |5 |1 |1977–78 |- |[[Oldham Athletic]]^a |League Two |ke-14 |1910–11 |1992–93 |1993–94 |12 |2 |0 |n/a |- |[[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]] |League One |ke-4 |1927–28 |2003–04 |2009–10 |33 |7 |2 |1949–50 |- |[[Queens Park Rangers]]^a |Championship |ke-19 |1968–69 |1992–93 |2014–15 |23 |7 |0 |n/a |- |[[Redin, Gebang, Purwareja|Reading]] |Championship |ke-20 |2006–07 |2006–07 |2012–13 |3 |3 |0 |n/a |- |[[Sheffield Wednesday]]^a |Championship |ke-12 |1892–93 |1992–93 |1999–2000 |66 |8 |4 |1929–30 |- |[[Stoke City]]^b |Championship |ke-16 |1888–89 |2008–09 |2017–18 |63 |10 |0 |n/a |- |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |League One |ke-5 |1890–91 |1995–96 |2016–17 |87 |13 |6 |1935–36 |- |[[Swansea City]]^c |Championship |ke-10 |1981–82 |2011–12 |2017–18 |9 |7 |0 |n/a |- |[[Swindon Town]] |League Two |ke-13 |1993–94 |1993–94 |1993–94 |1 |1 |0 |n/a |- |[[West Bromwich Albion F.C|West Bromwich Albion]]^b |Championship |ke-4 |1888–89 |2002–03 |2017–18 |79 |12 |1 |1919–20 |- |[[Wigan Athletic]] |Championship |ke-18 |2005–06 |2005–06 |2012–13 |8 |8 |0 |n/a |- |[[Wimbledon F.C.|Wimbledon]]^a |Dibubarkan |Dibubarkan (2003–2004) |1892–93 |1992–93 |1999–2000 |14 |8 |0 |n/a |} ''^a: Anggota pendiri Liga Premier Inggris'' ''^b: Salah siji saka 12 tim Liga Sepakbola asli'' ''^c: Klub sing asale saka Wales'' ====== Klub non Inggris ====== '''Wales''' Ing taun 2011, sawijining klub Welsh melu Liga Premier kaping pisanan sawise [[Swansea City]] dipromosekake. Pertandhingan Liga Premier sing dimainake ing sanjabane Inggris yaiku pertandingan kandang Swansea City ing Stadion Liberty nglawan Wigan Athletic tanggal 20 Agustus 2011. Nomer klub Wales sing main ing Premiership tambah dadi loro ing musim 2013-2014 nalika [[Cardiff City]] menang promosi, nanging dheweke langsung mundur sawise musim perdana. Cardiff nerusake promosi ing 2017-2018 nanging jumlah klub Wales tetep padha ing musim Liga Premier 2018-19 nalika Swansea City dipecat saka Liga Premier ing taun 2017–2018. Sawise mundur saka Cardiff City ing taun 2018–2019, ing taun 2020 ora ana klub Welsh sing bakal main ing Liga Premier. Amarga klub Welsh minangka anggota Asosiasi Sepakbola Wales (Inggris: [[Football Association of Wales]], FAW), mula ana pertanyaan manawa klub kaya Swansea bisa makili Inggris utawa Wales ing kompetisi Eropa. Iki nyebabake diskusi dawa ing Uni Sepakbola Eropa. Swansea njupuk salah siji saka telung posisi Inggris ing [[Liga Eropah UEFA|Liga Eropa UEFA]] ing taun 2013–2014 sawise menang Piala Liga Premier ing musim 2012–13. '''Skotlandia lan Irlandia''' Partisipasi ing Premiership dening sawetara klub [[Skotlandia]] utawa [[Républik Irlan|Irlandia]] wis dibahas kaping pirang-pirang, nanging ora ngasilake asil. Gagasan kasebut meh ngasilake ing taun 1998, nalika Wimbledon nampa persetujuan Liga Premier kanggo pindhah menyang Dublin, Irlandia, nanging langkah kasebut dihentikan dening Asosiasi Sepakbola Republik Irlandia. Media uga wis mbahas kaping pirang-pirang gagasan manawa loro tim paling gedhe Skotlandia, Celtic lan Rangers, bisa ditampilake ing Liga Premier, nanging ora ana sing dadi kasunyatane. == Kompetisi internasional == === Kompetisi Eropa === Papat tim paling apik ing pungkasan klasemen Liga Premier lolos ing panggung grup Liga Champions UEFA musim ngarep. Pemenang Liga Juara-Juara UEFA lan Liga UEFA Europa uga nduweni kualifikasi kanggo tahapan grup ing Liga Champions UEFA musim sabanjure. Yen iki nggawe enem tim Liga Premier dadi kualifikasi, mula tim sing ana ing posisi kaping papat ing Liga Premier malah bakal main ing Liga UEFA Europa, amarga saben negara diwatesi maksimal 5 tim sing bisa muncul. Tim sing peringkat kaping lima ing klasemen Liga Premier lolos menyang Inggris menyang panggung grup Liga Europa ing musim sabanjure. Pemenang Piala FA uga lolos ing tataran grup Liga Europa UEFA musim ngarep, nanging yen pemenang uga mungkasi liga ing limang besar utawa wis menang turnamen utama UEFA, papan iki bakal dianugerahi tim nomer enem ing klasemen . Pemenang Piala EFL uga lolos menyang babak kualifikasi kaping pindho ing Liga UEFA Europa musim sabanjure, nanging yen pemenang wis mumpuni kanggo kompetisi UEFA liwat kompetisi liyane, saham iki bakal diwenehake menyang tim sing entuk nomer enem ing Liga Premier, utawa kaping pitu yen asil Piala. FA uga nduweni kualifikasi tim peringkat nomer enem. Jumlah papan sing dialokasikan kanggo klub Inggris ing kompetisi UEFA gumantung karo posisi negara ing koefisien negara UEFA, sing diitung adhedhasar kinerja tim ing kompetisi UEFA sajrone limang taun kepungkur. Saiki Liga Inggris (lan Liga Premier) rangking nomer loro ing mburi Spanyol. {| class="wikitable" |+Dijupuk saka rangking negara 2019 adhedhasar koefisien UEFA ! rowspan="2" |Peringkat 2019 ! rowspan="2" |Peringkat 2018 ! rowspan="2" |Owahi ! rowspan="2" |Liga ! rowspan="2" |2014–2015 ! rowspan="2" |2015–2016 ! rowspan="2" |2016–2017 ! rowspan="2" |2017–2018 ! rowspan="2" |2018–2019 ! rowspan="2" |Koefisien ! colspan="6" |Ration ing Liga Champions ! colspan="6" |Ration ing Liga Europa |- !BG !PO !K3 !K2 !K1 !PQ !BG !PO !K3 !K2 !K1 !PQ |- |1 |1 |= |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} [[Spanyol]] |20.214 |23.928 |20.142 |19.714 |19.571 |103.569 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |2 |2 |= |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Inggris]] |13.571 |14.250 |14.928 |20.071 |22.642 |85.462 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |3 |3 |= |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Itali]]a |19.000 |11.500 |14.250 |17.333 |12.642 |74.725 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |4 |4 |= |{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Jerman]] |15.857 |16.428 |14.571 |9.857 |15.214 |71.927 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |5 |5 |= |{{flagicon|Prancis}} [[Prancis]] |10.916 |11.083 |14.416 |11.500 |10.583 |58.498 |2 | - |1 | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |6 |6 |= |{{flagicon|Ruslan}} [[Ruslan]] |9.666 |11.500 |9.200 |12.600 |7.583 |50.549 |2 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |7 |7 |= |{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portegal|Portugal]] |9.083 |10.500 |8.083 |9.666 |10.900 |48.232 |1 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |8 |8 |= |{{flagicon|Ukraina}} [[Ukraina]] |10.000 |9.800 |5.500 |8.000 |7.800 |39.900 |1 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |9 |9 |= |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}} [[Bèlgi]] |9.600 |7.400 |12.500 |2.600 |5.600 |38.900 |1 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |10 |10 |= |{{flagicon|Turki}} [[Turki]] |6.000 |6.600 |9.700 |6.800 |5.500 |34.600 |1 | - | - |1 | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |} Pangecualian kanggo sistem kualifikasi Eropa sing biasa kedadeyan ing taun 2005, sawise Liverpool menang Liga Champions taun kepungkur, nanging ora lolos menyang Liga Champions miturut klasemen final Liga Premier musim kasebut. UEFA menehi dispensasi khusus kanggo Liverpool lumebu Liga Champions supaya Inggris bisa dialokasikan limang papan. [[Uni Bal-balan Éropa|UEFA]] banjur mutusake manawa para juara saiki lolos ing kompetisi kasebut ing musim sabanjure tanpa preduli jabatane ing liga domestik. Nanging, kanthi liga sing duwe papat saham ing Liga Champions, iki tegese pemenang Liga Champions sing ora ana ing papat ndhuwur bakal njupuk papan kanggo tim nomer papat. Nalika semana, ora ana asosiasi sing bisa duwe luwih saka patang tim ing Liga Champions. Iki kedadeyan ing 2012 nalika Chelsea menang Liga Champions musim panas kasebut, nanging mung menang nomer enem ing klasemen Liga Premier. Chelsea banjur njupuk bagian Tottenham Hotspur, mula Tottenham Hotspur main ing Liga Eropa UEFA. Saka 2015–2016, para pemenang Liga Europa lolos menyang Liga Champions, sing nyumurupi jumlah maksimum tim sing bakal menang ditambah saka papat dadi lima. Iki ana pengaruhe ing Inggris ing musim 2016–2017 nalika Manchester United mung bisa menang nomer enem ing klasemen, nanging wis menang Liga Europa. Iki menehi limang titik ing Inggris ing 2017–2018. Ing kasus iki, saham [[Liga Eropah UEFA|Liga Europa]] sing kosong ora dianugerahi tim Inggris miturut klasemen, saengga saham ing Liga Europa kanggo musim sabanjure bakal dikurangi. Yen pemenang Liga Champions lan Liga Europa teka saka asosiasi sing padha lan loro-lorone ora dadi juara papat klasemen, mula tim nomer papat kasebut bakal main ing Liga Europa. ==== Kompetisi internasional ==== Antarane musim 1992-1993 nganti 2018–2019, klub Liga Premier Inggris menang Liga Champions UEFA kaping lima (lan menang nomer loro kaping pitu), ing sangisore gelar La Liga Spanyol kanthi sewelas kemenangan, padha karo Serie A Italia, lan unggul liwat Bundesliga Jerman kanthi menang kaping telu. Loro klub Liga Premier wis sukses dadi Piala Dunia Klub [[FIFA]] (asline diarani FIFA Club World Championship), yaiku Manchester United ing taun 2008 lan Liverpool ing taun 2019, lan kaping pindho dadi nomer loro (Liverpool taun 2005 lan Chelsea taun 2012) ,ing sangisore babak penyisihan La Liga kanthi pitung kemenangan, Brasileirão Brasil kanthi papat kemenangan, lan imbang karo Serie A Italia kanthi loro kemenangan. == Keuangan == Liga Premier duwe penghasilan paling dhuwur kanggo kabeh liga bal-balan ing jagad iki, kanthi total bathi € 2,48 milyar ing taun 2009–2010. Ing 2013-2014, amarga tambah akeh pendapatan televisi lan kontrol biaya, Liga Premier duwe penghasilan net luwih saka £ 78 yuta, ngungkuli kabeh liga bal-balan liyane. Ing taun 2010, Liga Premier dianugerahi Penghargaan [[Ratu]] kanggo Perusahaan ing kategori Perdagangan Internasional amarga menehi kontribusi luar biasa kanggo perdagangan internasional lan nilai sing diwenehake kanggo bal-balan Inggris lan industri siaran Inggris. Sawetara klub sing melu Liga Premier Inggris kalebu ing dhaptar klub sepakbola paling sugih ing saindenging jagad. Laporan sing dirilis dening Deloitte kanthi irah-irahan "Football Money League" kalebu pitung klub Liga Premier ing 20 klub paling dhuwur kanggo musim 2009-10, lan kabeh 20 klub sing main ing Liga Premier kalebu 40 tim paling dhuwur ing saindenging jagad. pungkasan musim. 2013–2014, amarga umume tambah akeh penghasilan siaran. Wiwit taun 2013, liga iki ngasilake € 2.2 milyar saben taun saka hak televisi, domestik lan internasional. Klub-klub sing melu Liga setuju ing Desember 2012 kanggo nindakake kontrol biaya sing anyar. Kaloro proposal sing diajukake kalebu aturan babagan breakeven lan watesan babagan kenaikan gaji sing bisa dibayar saben musim. Kanthi kesepakatan televisi anyar, momentum kasebut tuwuh kanggo golek cara kanggo nyegah mayoritas awis langsung menyang para pemain lan agen. Pembayaran terpusat kanggo musim 2016-2017 gunggunge £ 2.398.515.773 saka total 20 klub, kanthi saben tim nampa ragad partisipasi tetep £ 35,301,989 lan pembayaran tambahan saka televisi siaran (£ 1.016.690 kanggo hak umum Inggris kanggo cocog karo sorotan, £ 1,136,083 kanggo saben siaran langsung pertandingane ing Inggris, lan £ 39.090.596 kanggo kabeh hak saka luar negeri), hak komersial (ragad rata-rata £ 4,759,404), lan ukuran "jasa" notional adhedhasar posisi pungkasan klasemen liga. Komponen layanan nganti £ 1,941,609 dikalikan karo peringkat pungkasan klasemen, diwilang saka sisih ngisor klasemen (contone, Burnley ana ing peringkat 16 ing klasemen Mei 2017, lan ana nomer 5 saka ngisor, mula dheweke nampa 5 × £ 1.941. 609 = £ 9.708.045). == Sponsor == Saka taun 1993 nganti 2016, Liga Premier Inggris menehi hak sponsor kanggo rong perusahaan, yaiku [[Carling Brewery]] lan [[Barclays Bank PLC]]. Sponsor utama duwe hak kanggo nambah jenenge menyang jeneng liga. Barclays minangka sponsor pungkasan, dadi sponsor Liga Premier wiwit taun 2001 nganti 2016 (nganti taun 2004, kompetisi iki ditambahake karo jeneng Barclaycard sadurunge ganti dadi merek perbankan utamane ing taun 2004). {| class="wikitable" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Periode ! rowspan="2" |Sponsor ! colspan="2" |Judhul sayembara |- !Basa Inggris !Basa Indonesia |- |1992–1993 |''[[Ora ana sponsor]]'' |FA Premier League |Liga Utama FA |- |1993–2001 |[[Curling|Carling]] |FA Carling Premiership |Liga Utama Carling FA |- |2001–2004 |[[Barclaycard]] |FA Barclaycard Premiership |Liga Utama Barclaycard FA |- |2004–2007 | rowspan="2" |[[Barclays]] |FA Barclays Premiership |Liga Utama Barclays FA |- |2007–2016 |Barclays Premier League |Liga Utama Barclays |- |2016– |''Ora ana sponsor'' |Premier League |Liga Utama |} Kesepakatan Barclays karo Liga Premier rampung ing pungkasan musim 2015-2016. FA ngumumake tanggal 4 Juni 2015 yen dheweke ora bakal nggayuh tawaran sponsor maneh kanggo Liga Premier Inggris, kanthi alesan manawa dheweke pengin nggawe merek "bersih" kanggo kompetisi sing luwih selaras karo liga olahraga utama ing Amerika Serikat. Loro saka nyengkuyung liga dhewe, Liga Premier duwe sawetara mitra lan supplier resmi. Panyedhiya bola resmi liga yaiku Nike, sing wis kontrak wiwit musim 2000-2001 nalika dheweke njupuk alih tugas saka Miter. Miturut merek Merlin, Topps duwe lisensi kanggo ngasilake koleksi Liga Premier antara taun 1994 lan 2019 kalebu stiker (kanggo album stiker) lan kertu dagang. Diluncurake ing musim 2007-2008, Topps Match Attax, game kertu dagang Liga Premier resmi dadi koleksi bocah lanang sing laris ing Inggris, lan uga game kertu dagang olahraga paling laris ing donya. Ing wulan Oktober 2018, Panini diwenehi lisensi kanggo ngasilake koleksi wiwit musim 2019-2020. Wiwit taun 2017, perusahaan coklat [[Cadbury]] minangka mitra cemilan resmi Liga Premier, lan dadi sponsor [[Sepatu Emas]] lan penghargaan [[Sarung Tangan Emas]].. == Penyiar == === Britania Raya lan Irlandia === Televisi nduweni peran gedhe ing sejarah Liga Premier. Keputusan Liga kanggo menehi hak siaran menyang [[BSkyB]] ing taun 1992 minangka keputusan sing dijupuk nalika semana, nanging keputusan kasebut wis dibayar. Nalika semana, televisi mbayar minangka usulan sing durung dites ing pasar Inggris, uga kewajiban para penggemar mbayar kanggo nonton pertandingan bal-balan kanthi langsung ing televisi. Nanging, kombinasi strategi Sky, kualitas bal-balan Liga Premier lan rasa masarakat kanggo game kasebut nyumurupi nilai hak televisi Liga Premier sing saya dhuwur. Liga Premier adol hak siaran televisi kanthi bebarengan. Iki beda karo sawetara liga bal-balan Eropa liyane, kalebu [[LaLiga|La Liga]], ing ngendi saben klub adol hak masing-masing, sing nggawe pangasilan luwih dhuwur saka total penghasilan menyang sawetara klub paling dhuwur. Dhuwit dipérang dadi telung bagean: separo saham dipérang kanthi merata ing antarané klub; seprapat dianugerahi adhedhasar prestasi adhedhasar posisi liga pungkasan, klub ing ndhuwur meja entuk rong puluh kali luwih akeh tinimbang klub ing ngisor, lan terus padha mudhun ing klasemen; kuartal pungkasan dibayar minangka biaya fasilitas kanggo pertandingan tivi, kanthi klub-klub paling dhuwur umume nampa bagean saka singa kasebut. Penghasilan saka hak asing dipisahake kanthi beda ing antarane 20 klub kasebut. Perjanjian hak televisi sing pertama ing Sky regane 304 yuta nganti limang musim. Kontrak sabanjure, negosiasi kanggo wiwitan musim 1997–98, mundhak dadi 670 yuta kanggo patang musim. Kontrak kaping telu regane 1.024 milyar karo BSkyB sajrone telung musim wiwit taun 2001-2002 nganti 2003-04. Liga Premier ngasilake 320 yuta £ saka adol hak internasional ing telung taun wiwit 2004-2005 nganti 2006-07. Dheweke adol hak miturut wilayah. Monopoli Sky rampung wulan Agustus 2006 nalika [[Setanta Sports]] diwenehi hak nyiarake loro saka enem paket game sing kasedhiya. Iki ditindakake sawise meksa [[Komisi Eropa]] supaya hak eksklusif ora bisa didol menyang sawijining perusahaan televisi. Sky lan Setanta mbayar £ 1,7 milyar, paningkatan rong pertiga sing nggawe kaget akeh para komentator amarga asumsi publik manawa nilai hak siaran wis munggah sawise tuwuh kanthi cepet. Setanta uga tetep duwe hak kanggo pertandingan langsung jam 3 sore sing disiarake kanggo pamirsa Irlandia wae. BBC tetep nduweni hak kanggo nampilake dawane video ing telung musim sing padha (ing Pertandhingan Dina) nganti £ 171,6 yuta, kenaikan 63% saka £ 105 yuta sing sadurunge dibayar sajrone telung taun sadurunge. Sky lan BT wis setuju kanggo mbayar total 84,3 yuta kanggo hak pertandingan sing ditundha kanggo 242 game (sing minangka hak kanggo siaran lengkap ing televisi lan Internet) umume sajrone 50 jam kanggo pertandingan sawise 10 wengi dina kasebut. Hak televisi ing luar negeri ngasilake £ 625 yuta, meh tikel kaping pindho saka kontrak sadurunge. Total sing dikumpulake miturut kesepakatan kasebut ana luwih saka £ 2,7 milyar, sing menehi rata-rata penghasilan marang klub Liga Premier udakara £ 40 yuta saben taun wiwit taun 2007 nganti 2010. Kesepakatan hak televisi antara Liga Premier lan Sky ngalami tuduhan dadi kartel, lan sawetara kasus pengadilan muncul minangka asil. Penyelidikan dening Kantor Perdagangan Adil ing taun 2002 nemokake BSkyB kanggo dominasi pasar olahraga TV bayar, nanging dheweke nyimpulake manawa ana sawetara alasan sing ora cukup kanggo pratelan yen BSkyB wis nyalah gunakake dominane. Ing wulan Juli 1999, sawijining cara adol hak Liga Premier nggunakake sistem kolektif kanggo kabeh klub sing melu, diselidiki dening Pengadilan Praktik Terbatas Inggris, sing nyimpulake manawa kesepakatan kasebut ora bertentangan karo kepentingan umum. Cuplikan trailer BBC ing dina Setu lan Minggu bengi, uga wengi liyane sing cocog karo jadwal, pungkasan nganti taun 2016. Hak televisi mung kanggo periode 2010 nganti 2013 dituku udakara 1,782 milyar. Tanggal 22 Juni 2009, amarga ana masalah sing diadhepi Setanta Sports sawise gagal nggayuh tenggat pungkasan kanggo pambayaran £ 30 yuta menyang Liga Premier, ESPN dianugerahi rong paket hak kanggo disiarkeun ing Great Britain sing ngemot 46 game ing musim 2009–2010 uga 23 paket pertandingan saben musim wiwit 2010-2011 nganti 2012–2013. Tanggal 13 Juni 2012, Liga Premier ngumumake yen BT duwe hak nyiarake 38 pertandingan saben musim 2013-2014 menyang musim 2015-2016 regane 246 yuta saben taun. 116 pertandingan liyane sing disiarake Sky regane 760 yuta saben taun. Total bathi saka hak penyiaran domestik wis mencapai £ 3.018 milyar, mundhak 70,2% tinimbang musim 2010-2011 dadi 2012-2013. Nilai perjanjian lisensi tambah 70,2% ing 2015, kanthi Sky lan BT mbayar £ 5,136 milyar nalika nganyari kontrak karo Liga Premier telung taun nganti musim 2018-2019. {| class="wikitable" |+Snippet ing Britania Raya !Program !Duration !Saluran |- |''Match of the Day'' |1992–2001, 2004–''kini'' |BBC |- |''The Premiership'' |2001–2004 |ITV |} Ing wulan Agustus 2016, diumumake manawa BBC bakal nggawe majalah gaya anyar kanggo Liga Premier kanthi judhul The Premier League Show. Ing wulan Juni 2018, diumumake manawa Amazon Video bakal nyiarake 20 pertandingan saben musim kanthi perjanjian telung taun wiwit musim 2019-20. Siaran televisi kasebut bakal diproduksi kanthi kemitraan karo Sunset + Vine lan BT Sport. ==== Internasional ==== Liga Premier minangka liga sepak bola sing paling ditonton ing saindenging jagad, disiarake ing 212 wilayah menyang 643 yuta omah lan calon pamirsa TV 4,7 milyar wong. Produksi televisi ing Liga Premier, Premier League Productions, dioperasikake dening IMG Productions lan ngasilake kabeh konten kanggo mitra televisi internasional. Liga Premier misuwur banget ing Asia, dadi program sing paling akeh disebar. Ing Australia, perusahaan telekomunikasi Optus duwe hak eksklusif kanggo siaran Liga Premier, sing nyedhiyakake siaran langsung lan akses online sing sadurunge dicekel dening Fox Sports. Ing India, pertandingan disiarake langsung ing STAR Sports. Ing China, hak penyiaran diwenehake menyang Super Sports kanthi persetujuan enem taun wiwit musim 2013-2014. Ing musim 2019-2020, hak penyiaran ing Kanadha menyang Liga Premier diduweni dening DAZN, amarga wis diduweni bebarengan karo Sportsnet lan TSN wiwit musim 2013-2014. Ing Amerika Serikat, Liga Premier disiarake ing NBC Sports. Pamirsa liga tuwuh kanthi cepet, kanthi NBC lan NBCSN rata-rata 479.000 pamirsa ing musim 2014-2015, nganti 118% ing musim 2012-2013 nalika isih disiarake ing Fox Soccer lan ESPN / ESPN2 kanthi 220.000 tontonan, lan NBC Sports nampa sawetara apresiasi babagan jangkoan kasebut. NBC Sports nambah musim Liga Premier Premier enem taun 2015 ing musim 2021–2022 kanthi kesepakatan regane $ 1 milyar (padha karo £ 640 yuta). Antarane musim 1998–1999 lan musim 2012-2013, RTÉ nyiarake rekaman ing program Sabtu Sepak Bola Premier lan kala-kala nalika Minggu Soccer Soccer. Wiwit musim 2004-2005 nganti musim 2006-2007, RTÉ nyiarkan pertandingan langsung tanggal 15 Setu awan, kanthi saben pertandingan diarani Premiership Live. Liga Premier disiarake dening SuperSport ing saindenging Afrika Sub-Sahara. == Jarak Saka Liga Kasta Liyane == Ana jurang sing tambah antara Liga Premier Inggris lan Liga Sepak Bola Inggris. Wiwit pisah karo Liga Sepakbola, akeh klub sing mantep ing Liga Premier nggawe kesenjangan karo rekane ing liga ngisor. Bentenane paling gedhe yaiku babagan hak televisi ing liga, akeh tim sing nembe dipromosekake angel ngindhari degradasi ing musim Liga Premier kaping pisanan. Ing saben musim kajaba 2001-2002, 2011–2012 lan 2017–2018, paling ora ana wong anyar Liga Premier sing mundur menyang Liga Sepakbola Inggris. Ing musim 1997–98, telung klub sing nembe entuk promosi, langsung mudhun ing pungkasan musim. Liga Premier nyebarke bagean saka pendapatan televisi menyang klub sing mundur saka liga kanthi bentuk "pembayaran parasut". Wiwit musim 2013-2014, pembayaran kasebut gunggunge luwih saka £ 60 yuta sajrone patang musim. Klub Liga Premier nampa pambayaran terpusat proporsional £ 2.4 milyar ing musim 2016-2017, kanthi tambahan solidaritas £ 343 yuta karo Liga Premier kanthi klub EFL. Sanajan dirancang kanggo mbantu tim nyetel penghasilan televisi sing ilang (rata-rata tim Liga Premier nampa £ 41 yuta nalika rata-rata klub Kejuaraan EFL mung nampa £ 2 yuta), pangritik negesake manawa jinis pembayaran kasebut pancen nambah kesenjangan ing antarane tim sing wis tekan Liga Premier lan sing durung entuk, nyebabake muncul tim sing "mundur" langsung sawise degradasi. Sawetara klub sing ora sukses promosi menyang Liga Premier, masalah finansial, kalebu ing sawetara kasus, administrasi utawa malah likuidasi dadi perkara sing ngganggu klub kasebut. Relegasi menyang liga sing luwih murah uga wis ndeleng sawetara klub ora bisa ngatasi kesenjangan kasebut. == Stadion == Ing musim 2017-2018, pertandingan Liga Premier wis dimainake ing 58 stadion wiwit dibentuk. Tragedi [[Hillsborough]] taun 1989 lan Laporan Taylor sing nderek nyaranake supaya penonton sing tetep kudu diilangi. Mula, kabeh stadion ing Liga Premier minangka stadion kursi. Wiwit dibentuk Liga Premier, lapangan bal-balan ing Inggris wis terus nambah kapasitas lan fasilitas, sawetara klub pindhah menyang stadion sing nembe dibangun. Sangang stadion sing tau dadi tuan rumah pertandingan Liga Premier saiki wis rusak. Stadion kanggo musim 2017-2018 nuduhake beda kapasitas. Contone, Stadion Wembley, markas dhasar Tottenham Hotspur, duwe kapasitas 90.000 dene Dean Pengadilan, markas Bournemouth, mung duwe kapasitas 11.360. Kapasitas gabungan stadion Liga Premier Premier 2017-18 yaiku 806.033 kanthi kapasitas rata-rata 40,302. Kehadiran stadion minangka sumber penghasilan rutin kanggo klub Liga Premier kanthi signifikan. Kanggo musim 2016–2017, rata-rata kehadiran pendukung tekan 35.838 kanthi total rawuh 13.618.596. Iki nuduhake kenaikan 14.712 saka rata-rata pamiarsa 21.196 sing kacathet ing musim pertama kompetisi. Nanging, ing musim 1992–93, kapasitas umume stadion dikurangi nalika klub kasebut ngganti teras sing digunakake para penonton kanggo ngadeg, kanthi kursi miturut tanggal pungkasan taun 1994–95 Laporan Taylor. Cathetan kanggo rata-rata rawuh ing musim 2007-2008 kanthi rekor 36,144. Cathetan iki banjur dikalahake ing musim 2013-2014 sing rata-rata ana 36.695 pamiarsa kanthi jumlah anggota kurang saka 14 yuta, yaiku rata-rata paling dhuwur ing divisi paling dhuwur ing Inggris wiwit taun 1950. Ing musim 2018-19, rata-rata kehadiran Liga Premier yaiku 38.181 saben pertandingan, paling dhuwur nomer loro sawise Bundesliga ing Jerman kanthi rekor 43.500 penonton saben pertandingan, kanthi total kehadiran ing kabeh pertandingan liga negara., kanthi gunggunge 14,508,981. == Manajer == Manajer ing Liga Premier melu lumaku saben dina, kalebu latihan, pamilihan tim lan tuku pemain. Pengaruh ing klub kasebut bisa beda-beda lan ana hubungane karo kepemilikan klub, uga hubungan manajer karo penggemar. Manajer kudu nduweni Lisensi UEFA Pro sing dadi kualifikasi pungkasan ing pelatihan, lan ngrampungake Lisensi UEFA 'B' lan 'A'. Lisensi UEFA Pro dibutuhake dening sapa wae sing pengin ngatur klub Liga Premier kanthi permanen (kayata luwih saka 12 minggu yaiku wektu sing diwenehake kanggo manajer karier sing ora memenuhi syarat). Pengangkatan manajer karier bisa ngatasi kesenjangan antara manajer sing nembe metu saka klub lan manajer anyar sing bakal teka. Sawetara manajer interim banjur dadi manajer permanen sawise nuduhake kinerja apik sajrone manajer interim, kalebu manajer Portsmouth Paul Hart lan manajer Tottenham Hotspur David Pleat. [[Arsène Wenger]] wis dadi manajer paling dawa, ngatur [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] ing Liga Premier wiwit taun 1996 nganti pensiun ing pungkasan musim 2017-2018, lan nyekel rekor minangka manajer kanthi game paling akeh ing Liga Premier kanthi 828 game kabeh dimainake kanggo Arsenal. Dheweke ngilangi rekor sing digawe dening Sir Alex Ferguson, sing nangani 810 game Manchester United wiwit didegake Liga Premier nganti pensiun ing pungkasan musim 2012-2013. Ferguson dhewe wis dadi MU wiwit Nopember 1986, yaiku limang musim Divisi Eague Sepakbola Liga lan 21 musim Liga Premier pertama. Sajrone musim 2019-2020, 6 manajer dipecat wiwit 28 Desember: Javi Gracia lan Quique Sánchez Flores saka Watford, [[Mauricio Pochettino]] saka Tottenham Hotspur, Unai Emery saka Arsenal, Marco Silva saka Everton, lan Manuel Pellegrini saka West Ham United. Ana sawetara riset babagan alasan lan efek saka manajer pemecatan. Riset sing paling misuwur ditindakake dening Profesor Sue Bridgewater saka Universitas Liverpool lan Dr. Bas ter Weel saka Universitas Amsterdam, sing nganakake rong studi kapisah kanggo nyoba nerangake statistik babagan pemecatan manajer. Riset Bridgewater nemokake manawa klub biasane ngeculake manajer sawise klub kasebut kalah rata-rata siji poin saben pertandingan. [[Barkas:Alex_Ferguson.jpg|jmpl|Mantan manajer Manchester United [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]] wis dadi manajer paling dawa lan sukses ing sejarah Liga Premier.]] {| class="wikitable" |+Manajer sing menang !Manajer !Klub !jumlah !Taun |- |{{flagicon|Skotlandia}} [[Alex Ferguson]] |Manchester United |13 |1992–1993, 1993–1994, 1995–1996, 1996–1997, 1998–1999, 1999–2000, 2000–2001, 2002–2003, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2010–2011, 2012–2013 |- |{{flagicon|Prancis}}[[Arsène Wenger]] |Arsenal | rowspan="2" |3 |1997–1998, 2001–2002, 2003–2004 |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}}[[José Mourinho]] |Chelsea |2004–2005, 2005–2006, 2014–2015 |- |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} [[Pep Guardiola]] |Manchester City |2 |2017–2018, 2018–2019 |- |{{flagicon|Skotlandia}} [[Kenny Dalglish]] |Blackburn Rovers | rowspan="7" |1 |1994–1995 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Carlo Ancelotti]] |Chelsea |2009–2010 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Roberto Mancini]] |Manchester City |2011–2012 |- |{{flagicon|Chili}}[[Manuel Pellegrini]] |Manchester City |2013–2014 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Claudio Ranieri]] |Leicester City |2015–2016 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}}[[Antonio Conte]] |Chelsea |2016–2017 |- |{{flagicon|Jerman}}[[Jürgen Klopp]] |Liverpool |2019–2020 |} {| class="wikitable" |+Manajer paling anyar !WN !Pelatih !Klub !Diangkat !Durasi |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Eddie Howe]] |[[Bournemouth]] |12 Oktober 2012 |8 tahun, 146 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Shandy Cheeks|Sean Dyche]] |[[Burnley]] |30 Oktober 2012 |8 tahun, 128 hari |- |{{flagicon|Jerman}} |[[Jürgen Klopp]] |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |8 Oktober 2015 |5 tahun, 150 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Chris Wilder]] |[[Sheffield United]] |12 Mei 2016 |4 tahun, 299 hari |- |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} |[[Pep Guardiola]] |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |1 Juli 2016 |4 tahun, 249 hari |- |{{flagicon|Jerman}} |[[Daniel Farke]] |[[Norwich City]] |25 Mei 2017 |3 tahun, 286 hari |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}} |[[Nuno Espírito Santo]] |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers]] |31 Mei 2017 |3 tahun, 280 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Roy Hodgson]] |[[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] |12 September 2017 |3 tahun, 176 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Dean Smith]] |[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] |10 Oktober 2018 |2 tahun, 148 hari |- |{{flagicon|Austria}} |[[Ralph Hasenhüttl]] |[[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] |5 Desember 2018 |2 tahun, 92 hari |- |{{flagicon|Nurwègen}} |[[Ole Gunnar Solskjær]] |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |19 Desember 2018 |2 tahun, 78 hari |- |{{flagicon|Irlandia Utara}} |[[Brendan Rodgers]] |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |26 Februari 2019 |2 tahun, 9 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Graham Potter]] |[[Brighton]] & [[Hove Albion]] |20 Mei 2019 |1 tahun, 291 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Frank Lampard]] |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |4 Juli 2019 |1 tahun, 246 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Steve Bruce]] |[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] |17 Juli 2019 |1 tahun, 233 hari |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}} |[[José Mourinho]] |[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] |20 November 2019 |1 tahun, 107 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Nigel Pearson]] |[[Watford]] |6 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 91 hari |- |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} |[[Mikèl Artéta|Mikel Arteta]] |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |20 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 77 hari |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} |[[Carlo Ancelotti]] |[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |21 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 76 hari |- |{{flagicon|Skotlandia}} |[[David Moyes]] |[[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] |29 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 68 hari |} == Pamuter == === Pemain manca lan aturan transfer === Ing wiwitan Liga Premier ing musim 1992-93, mung 11 pemain ing barisan wiwitan ing babak pertama pertandingan teka saka njaba Inggris utawa Irlandia. Ing taun 2000-2001, jumlah pemain asing sing melu Liga Premier tekan 36% saka total pemain. Ing musim 2004-2005, jumlah iki mundhak dadi 45%. Ing taun 2009, kurang saka 40% pemain ing Liga Premier minangka pemain lokal. Ing wulan Februari 2020, pemain saka 117 negara sing beda-beda wis main ing Liga Premier, ing ngendi pemain saka 101 warga negara wis ngetung gol. Nanggepi keprihatinan manawa klub bakal nggunakake pemain asing tinimbang pemain Inggris sing enom, ing taun 1999, Kantor Ngarep ngencengi aturane babagan menehi ijin kerja kanggo para pemain saka negara-negara ing sanjabane Uni Eropa. Pemain saka negara non-Uni Eropa sing ndhaptar lisensi, mesthine kudu main kanggo negarane paling ora 75 persen pertandingan kelas 'A' lan dipilih ing rong taun kepungkur, lan negarane kudu ana peringkat paling ora 70 ing Peringkat Dunia FIFA sajrone rong taun kepungkur. Yen pemain ora memenuhi kriteria kasebut, klub sing pengin nggawe kontrak karo pemain kasebut bisa ngajokake banding. {| class="wikitable" |+Penampilan terbanyak !Per !Pamuter !Katon |- |1 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Gareth Barry]] |553 |- |2 |{{flagicon|Wales}}[[Ryan Giggs]] |632 |- |3 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Frank Lampard]] |609 |- |4 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[David James]] |572 |- |5 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[James Milner]] |538 |- |6 |{{flagicon|Wales}}[[Gary Speed]] |535 |- |7 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Emile Heskey]] |516 |- |8 |{{flagicon|Australia}}[[Mark Schwarzer]] |514 |- |9 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Jamie Carragher]] |508 |- |10 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Phil Neville]] |505 |- | colspan="3" |''Ing tanggal 27 Juli 2020'' ''Miring: pemain sing isih main ing bal-balan profesional.'' ''Kandel: pemain isih main ing Premiership.'' |} Pemain mung bisa ditransfer sajrone wektu transfer sing ditemtokake dening The Football Association. Rong periode transfer diwiwiti saka dina pungkasan musim dadi 31 Agustus lan saka 31 Desember nganti 31 Januari. Registrasi pemain ora bisa diijolake ing njaba periode iki, kajaba lisensi khusus saka FA, sing umume diwenehake nalika darurat. Ing musim 2010-2011, Liga Premier ngenalake aturan anyar sing mbutuhake klub ndhaptar regu nganti 25 pemain sing umure 21 taun, sing mung bisa diganti sajrone transisi utawa ing kahanan sing luar biasa. Iki tujuane supaya bisa ngetrapake aturan "home grow", ing Liga Premier uga diwiwiti ing taun 2010 mbutuhake paling ora 8 saka 25 pemain yaiku "pemain lokal". ==== Gaji pamuter ==== Ora ana watesan gaji tim utawa individu ing Liga Premier. Minangka asil saka kesepakatan televisi sing saya nguntungake, gaji pemain mundhak banget sawise dibentuk Liga Premier nalika rata-rata gaji pemain yaiku 75.000 saben taun. Ing musim 2018-19, gaji tahunan rata-rata yaiku £ 2,99 yuta. Total gaji pemain sing dibayar dening 20 klub Liga Premier ing musim 2018-19 yaiku 1.62 milyar, luwih dhuwur tinimbang liga liyane ing Eropa, kayata La Liga (£ 1.05 milyar), Serie A (£ 0,83 milyar), The Bundesliga ( £ 0,72 milyar), lan Ligue 1 (£ 0,54 milyar). Klub kanthi gaji rata-rata paling dhuwur yaiku Manchester United kanthi £ 6,5 yuta. Nilai iki luwih murah tinimbang tim kanthi gaji paling dhuwur, kayata ing Spanyol (Barcelona £ 10,5 yuta) lan Italia (Juventus £ 6,7 juta), nanging luwih dhuwur tinimbang Jerman (Bayern Munich £ 6,4 yuta) lan Prancis (Paris Saint Germain £ 6,1 yuta). Rasio gaji ing antarane tim kanthi gaji paling murah nganti paling dhuwur ing Liga Premier yaiku 1 nganti 6,82. Angka iki luwih murah tinimbang liga liyane ing Eropa, yaiku Serie A (1 ing 16), La Liga (1 ing 19.1), Bundesliga (1 ing 20.5), lan Ligue 1 (1 ing 26.6). Amarga kesenjangan gaji sing kurang ing antarane tim ing Liga Premier, dianggep luwih kompetitif tinimbang liga divisi paling dhuwur ing negara-negara Eropa liyane. {| class="wikitable" |+Gaji rata-rata miturut klub ing musim 2018-2019 !Per. !Klub !Gaji |- |1 |Manchester United |£6.534.654 |- |2 |Manchester City |£5.993.000 |- |3 |Chelsea |£5.020.004 |- |4 |Liverpool |£4.862.963 |- |5 |Arsenal |£4.853.130 |- |6 |Tottenham |£3.515.778 |- |7 |Everton |£3.252.690 |- |8 |West Ham |£3.189.333 |- |9 |Crystal Palace |£2.757.000 |- |10 |Leicester |£2.710.710 |- |11 |Southampton |£2.669.333 |- |12 |Bournemouth |£1.989.520 |- |13 |Watford |£1.775.172 |- |14 |Wolves |£1.757.600 |- |15 |Fulham |£1.727.440 |- |16 |Brighton |£1.695.040 |- |17 |Newcastle |£1.650.133 |- |18 |Burnley |£1.603.197 |- |19 |Huddersfield |£1.238.000 |- |20 |Cardiff |£957.471 |} ===== Ragad transfer pamuter ===== Ragad transfer rekor kanggo pemain Liga Premier terus saya maju sajrone kompetisi. Sadurunge wiwitan musim Liga Premier pisanan, [[Alan Shearer]] dadi pemain Inggris pertama sing duwe biaya transfer luwih saka £ 3 yuta. Rekor kasebut terus meningkat lan [[Philippe Coutinho]] saiki dadi pemain transfer sing nglibatake klub Liga Premier Inggris kanthi rega £ 106 yuta. Ragad transfer paling gedhe sing dibayar dening klub Liga Premier yaiku £ 89 yuta kanggo Paul Pogba. {| class="wikitable" |+Ragad transfer paling dhuwur sing dibayar dening klub Liga Premier Inggris !Per !Pamuter !Gaji !Taun ! colspan="2" |Transfer !Referensi |- |1 |{{flagicon|Brasil}}[[Philippe Coutinho]] |£106 juta |2018 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Liverpool |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}Barcelona |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.football-italia.net/88963/official-pogba-man-utd-%E2%82%AC105m|title=Official: Pogba to Man Utd for €105m {{!}} Football Italia|website=www.football-italia.net|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref><ref name="manutd.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news|title=Man Utd News {{!}} Team news, injury updates, transfers, new signings|website=www.manutd.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37016170|title=Pogba rejoins Man Utd for record £89m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="espn.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/|title=Soccer Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN|website=ESPN.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> |- |2 |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}}[[Eden Hazard]] |£89 juta |2019 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Chelsea |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}Real Madrid |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49224905|title=Man Utd sign defender Maguire for £80m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Transferts-harry-maguire-le-defenseur-le-plus-cher-de-l-histoire-a-manchester-united-pour-six-ans/1046398|title=Transferts : Harry Maguire, le défenseur le plus cher de l'histoire, à Manchester United pour six ans|website=L'Équipe|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> |- |3 |{{flagicon|Wales}}[[Gareth Bale]] |£86 juta |2013 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Tottenham Hotspur |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}Real Madrid |<ref name="manutd.com"/><ref name="espn.com"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40550934|title=Man Utd sign Everton's Lukaku for £75m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/07/10/romelu-lukaku-completes-75m-manchester-united-move/|title=Romelu Lukaku completes Manchester United move in deal that could reach world record £90m|last=Ducker|first=James|date=2017-07-10|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |4 |{{flagicon|Portugal}}[[Cristiano Ronaldo]] |£80 juta |2009 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42496637|title=Van Dijk to join Liverpool for £75m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Harry Maguire]] |£80 juta |2019 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Leicester City |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49197553|title=Arsenal confirm winger Pepe signing|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |6 |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}}[[Romelu Lukaku]] |£75 juta |2017 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Everton |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/2018/8/8/kepa-arrives-at-chelsea|title=Kepa arrives at Chelsea {{!}} Official Site {{!}} Chelsea Football Club|website=ChelseaFC|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Uruguay}}[[Luis Suárez]] |£75 juta |2014 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Liverpool |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}[[Barcelona]] |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841|title=Man City agree £62.8m Rodri signing|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Belanda}}[[Virgil van Dijk]] |£75 juta |2018 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Southampton |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Liverpool | |- |9 |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}}[[Romelu Lukaku]] |£74 juta |2019 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |{{flagicon|Italia}}[[Inter Milan]] | |- |10 |{{flagicon|Aljazair}}[[Riyad Mahrez]] |£60 juta |2018 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Leicester City |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester City | |} ===== Skor paling dhuwur ===== [[Barkas:Alan_Shearer_2008.jpg|jmpl|Alan Shearer adalah pencetak gol terbanyak dalam sejarah Liga Utama Inggris.]] {| class="wikitable" |+''Per 19 Februari 2020'' !Per !Pamuter !Taun !Gol !Katon !Rasio |- |1 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Alan Shearer]] |1992–2006 |260 |441 |0.59 |- |2 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Wayne Rooney]] |2002–2018 |208 |491 |0.42 |- |3 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Andy Cole]] |1992–2008 |187 |414 |0.45 |- |4 |{{flagicon|Argentina}}[[Sergio Agüero]] |2011– |180 |259 |0.69 |- |5 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Frank Lampard]] |1995–2015 |177 |609 |0.29 |- |6 |{{flagicon|Italia}}[[Thierry Henry]] |1999–2007, 2012 |175 |258 |0.68 |- |7 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Robbie Fowler]] |1993–2009 |163 |379 |0.43 |- |8 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Jermain Defoe]] |2001–2003, 2004–2014, 2015–2019 |162 |496 |0.33 |- |9 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Michael Owen]] |1996–2004, 2005–13 |150 |326 |0.46 |- |10 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Les Ferdinand]] |1992–2005 |149 |351 |0.42 |} Penghargaan Shoe Golden dianugerahi pencetak gol utama Liga Premier ing saben musim. Mantan Blackburn Rovers lan pemain Newcastle United Alan Shearer nyekel rekor kanggo top scorer kanthi 260 gol. 28 pemain wis ngetung 100 gol utawa luwih. Wiwit musim Liga Premier kaping pisanan, 14 pemain saka 10 klub menang utawa nuduhake gelar top scorer. Thierry Henry menang gelar kaping papat kanthi nyetak 27 gol ing musim 2005-2006. Andrew Cole (Newcastle United) lan Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers) nyekel rekor paling gol sing dicetak ing sawijining musim, kanthi 34 gol. Manchester United Ryan Giggs nyekel rekor minangka pencetak gol ing musim berturut-turut, sawise ngetung 21 gol ing musim pertama liga. == Penghargaan == [[Barkas:GoldInvinciblesTrophy.jpg|jmpl|Piala Liga Premier digawe saka emas dianugerahi Arsenal sawise menang musim 2003-2004 tanpa kalah]] === Piala === Liga Premier Inggris njaga rong tropi, yaiku piala asli (dicekel juara bertahan) lan replika cadangan. Rong trofi disiapake yen rong klub bisa menang Liga ing dina pungkasan musim iki. Ing acara langka sing luwih saka rong klub saingan kanggo judhul ing dina pungkasan musim iki, replika sing dimenangake dening klub sadurunge bakal digunakake. Trofi Liga Premier paling anyar digawe dening Royal Jewelers Asprey saka London. Piala kasebut kalebu tropi kanthi mahkota emas lan plunggu tembaga. Massa dhasar tekan 33 pon (15&nbsp;kg) lan piala kasebut dhewe duwe jisim 22 pon (10,0&nbsp;kg). Cangkir lan pangkalan dawane 76&nbsp;cm (30&nbsp;in), jembaré 43&nbsp;cm (17&nbsp;in), lan jerone 25&nbsp;cm (9,8 inci). Awak utama piala kasebut yaiku perak salaka lan perak sing dipasang, nanging dhasar digawe saka lazyite, watu semi larang regane. Tapak sikil duwe bandage perak ing saubengé, lan jeneng-jeneng klub sing menang judhule ditulis. Werna ijo malas uga nggambarake lapangan main ijo. Desain piala adhedhasar lambang Tiga Singa sing ana gandhengane karo bal-balan Inggris. Loro singa diselehake ing genggaman ing sisih loro piala, lan sing nomer telu dilambangake karo kapten tim sing menang judhul nalika ngangkat trofi, lan mahkota emas, diluncurake ing pungkasan musim. Werna pita sing digantung ing gagang nggambarake warna tim juara liga taun kasebut. Ing taun 2004, piala emas khusus digawe kanggo ngelingi kemenangan Arsenal tanpa kalah siji. ==== Penghargaan pamuter lan manajer ==== Saliyane piala sing diwenehake menyang klub lan uga medali kanggo individu saka klub sing menang musim, Liga Premier uga wis menehi sawetara penghargaan ing musim iki. Pemain paling apik ing pertandingan kasebut (pemain paling apik) dianugerahi pemain sing duwe efek positif paling gedhe ing sawijining pertandingan. Uga ana penghargaan liyane saben wulan, diwenehake kanggo manajer lan pemain, uga pilihan target sing paling apik. Penghargaan kasebut uga diwenehake saben taun kanggo manajer, pemain, lan target paling apik ing musim iki. The Golden Shoe Award dianugerahi pencetak gol terbanyak saben musim. Penghargaan kasebut uga diwenehake kanggo pemain sing wis mbantu paling akeh, sing diarani playmaker. Penghargaan Sarung Tangan Emas diwenehake menyang [[kiper]] sing paling ora ngakoni. Wiwit musim 2017-2018, para pemain uga nampa penghargaan kanggo tampil ing 100 pertandingan lan saben abad sabanjure. Penghargaan uga diwenehake kanggo pemain sing wis ngetung 50 gol lan gandaan. Saben pemain sing wis nggayuh tonggak sejarah iki bakal nampa kothak sing ngemot medali khusus lan plakat minangka tandha apresiasi marang prestasine. ===== Penghargaan 20 Musim ===== Ing 2012, Liga Premier ngrayakake dasawarsa kaping pindho kanthi dadi 20 Seasons Award. * Tim fantasi ing 20 musim ** '''Pilihan Panel:''' Peter Schmeichel, [[Gary Neville]], [[Tony Adams]], [[Rio Ferdinand]], [[Ashley Cole]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Roy Keane]], [[Paul Scholes]], Ryan Giggs, Thierry Henry, Alan Shearer ** Pilihan Umum: [[Peter Schmeichel]], Gary Neville, Tony Adams, [[Nemanja Vidić]], Ashley Cole, Cristiano Ronaldo, Steven Gerrard, Paul Scholes, [[Ryan Giggs]], Thierry Henry, Alan Shearer ** Manajer paling apik: Sir [[Alex Ferguson]] ** Pamuter paling apik: [[Ryan Giggs]] ** Paling katon: [[Gareth Barry]] (652) ** Skor paling dhuwur: [[Alan Shearer]] (260) ** Umume gol kebobolan: [[David James]] (173) ** Klub 500: [[Steven Gerrard]], [[Jamie Carragher]], [[Gareth Barry]], [[Ryan Giggs]], [[David James]], [[Gary Speed]], [[Frank Lampard]], [[Emile Heskey]] lan [[Sol Campbell]]. ** Tujuan Paling Apik: [[Wayne Rooney]], 12 Februari 2011, Man. United vs Manungsa. Kutha ** Simpen paling apik: [[Craig Gordon]], 18 Desember 2010, [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] vs [[Boston|Bolton]] ** Tim Taun: Arsenal 2003-2004. == Referensi == <references /> 6yn5krn84iyu6chc6iqlypcj4wlwme0 1752739 1752738 2026-08-17T03:25:56Z Agbm7 74102 /* */ . 1752739 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" cellspacing="5" style="width: 28em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.2em" |+ class="fn" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;" |[[Barkas:Premier_league_text_logo.png|pus|nirbing|Liga Premier Inggris]] ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Negara | colspan="3" class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[:id:Inggris|Inggris]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Konfederasi | colspan="3" class="birthplace" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Uni Sepak Bola Eropa|UEFA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Kabentuk | colspan="3" class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |20 Februari 1992 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Cacahing tim | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |20 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Tingkat ing piramida | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |1 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Diturunake menyang | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Kejuaraan EFL|Kejuaraan EFL]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Piala domestik | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Piala FA|Piala FA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Community Shield FA|Community Shield FA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Piala Liga | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Piala EFL|Piala EFL]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Piala Internasional | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Liga Champions UEFA|Liga Champions UEFA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Liga Eropa UEFA|Liga Eropa UEFA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Juara bertahan | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Liverpool F.C.|Arsenal]] (13) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |([[:id:Liga Utama Inggris 2019–2020|2025-2026]]) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Klub sing paling sukses | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (13 gelar) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Paling katon | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Gareth Barry|Gareth Barry]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |(653) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Skor paling dhuwur | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Alan Shearer|Alan Shearer]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |(260) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Stasiun televisi | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Sky Sports|Sky Sports]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:en:BT Sport|BT Sport]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Situs web | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[https://www.premierleague.com/matchweek/5690/blog premierleague.com] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Situs Alternatif | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[https://rajabola24jam.net/ rajabola24jam.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228153421/http://rajabola24jam.net/ |date=2021-02-28 }} |- | colspan="4" class="" style="text-align:center; color:darkslategray; font-size:95%" | |} '''Liga Utama Inggris''' utawa '''Liga Premier Inggris'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Premier|title=Liga Premier Inggris}}</ref> (Inggris: Liga Premier Inggris, EPL) minangka liga paling dhuwur ing sistem liga sepak bola ing Inggris. Kompetisi iki dirawuhi 20 klub, liga iki ngetrapake sistem promosi lan degradasi karo [[:id:English Football League|English Football League]] (EFL). Liga Premier minangka perusahaan sing dadi klub sing melu liga dadi pemegang saham. Musim kasebut diwiwiti saka wulan Agustus nganti Mei, kanthi saben tim main 38 game, kanthi 19 game ing omah lan 19 pertandingan tandang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/observer/osm/story/0,,626773,00.html|title=United (versus Liverpool) Nations {{!}} Sport {{!}} The Observer|website=www.theguardian.com|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Kompetisi kasebut didegake kanthi jeneng awal Liga Premier FA (FA Liga Premier Inggris) tanggal 20 Februari 1992 sawise sawetara klub sing melu [[:id:Divisi Pertama Liga Inggris|Divisi Pertama Liga Premier]] mutusake pisah karo liga sing didegake ing taun 1888, lan njupuk kauntungan saka perjanjian hak televisi sing digawe ing taun 1888. dianggep duwe bathi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jun/13/premier-league-tv-rights-3-billion-sky-bt|title=Premier League lands £3bn TV rights bonanza from Sky and BT|date=2012-06-13|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Kesepakatan kasebut regane £ 1 milyar [[:id:Pound sterling|poundsterling]] musim 2013–2014, sajrone Sky lan BT Group dadi pemegang hak domestik kanggo nyiarkan 116 lan 38 pertandingan. 22 klub main ing musim pertama liga.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-11/top-soccer-leagues-get-25-rise-in-tv-rights-sales-report-says|title=Top Soccer Leagues Get 25% Rise in TV Rights Sales, Report Says|date=2013-11-11|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en}}</ref> Liga iki ngasilake £ 2.2 milyar saben taun minangka asil saka hak penyiaran domestik lan internasional. Liga kasebut minangka liga olahraga sing paling ditonton ing saindenging jagad, disiarake ing 212 wilayah menyang 643 yuta pamirsa ing omah lan calon pamirsa 4,7 milyar. Mayoritas stadion kasebut meh kebak kapasitas. Liga Premier rangking nomer loro ing koefisien Liga UEFA<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/history-and-time-are-key-to-power-of-football-says-premier-league-chief-3d3zf5kb35m|title=History and time are key to power of football, says Premier League chief|last=Ebner|first=Sarah|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en|issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/research-policy-insight/insight-articles/playing-game-soft-power-sport|title=Playing the game: The soft power of sport {{!}} British Council|website=www.britishcouncil.org|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2021-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165401/https://www.britishcouncil.org/research-policy-insight/insight-articles/playing-game-soft-power-sport|url-status=dead}}</ref> adhedhasar prestasi ing kompetisi Eropa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/9915096/hold-hold-hold-hold|title=Your ground's too big for you! Which stadiums were closest to capacity in England last season?|website=Sky Sports|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> ing limang musim pungkasan ing taun 2019, ing sangisore Spanyol La Liga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/#/yr/2018|title=Country coefficients {{!}} UEFA Coefficients|last=UEFA.com|website=UEFA.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> 49 tim wis main sajrone kampanye kasebut, ing endi 47 klub adhedhasar ing Inggris lan 2 klub saka [[:id:Wales|Wales]], nggawe liga kasebut dadi kompetisi lintas batas. Nenem tim menang gelar, yaiku: [[:id:Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (13), [[:id:Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] (5), [[:id:Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] (4), [[:id:Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (3), [[:id:Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] (1), [[:id:Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] (1) lan [[:id:Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (1). == Sejarah == === Latar mburi === Sanajan sawetara klub bisa nggayuh sukses ing papan Eropa ing taun 1970-an lan wiwitan taun 1980an, pungkasan taun 1980-an nandheske titik kurang ing jagad bal-balan Inggris. Stadion rusak, fasilitas pendukung sing ora apik, [[:id:Hooliganisme sepak bola|hooligan]] sing akeh lan larangan limang taun kanggo klub Inggris saka kompetisi Eropa sawise Tragedi Heysel ing taun 1985. [[:id:Divisi Pertama Liga Inggris|Divisi Pertama]], liga bal-balan tingkat paling dhuwur ing bal-balan Inggris sing didegake ing taun 1888, dadi salah sawijining liga liyane, kayata Serie A ing Italia utawa [[LaLiga|La Liga]] Spanyol, loro saka segi penghasilan lan kehadiran, uga migrasi ndhuwur Pemain Inggris ing luar negeri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/History/0,,12306,00.html|title=Official Site of the Premier League {{!}} Premier League {{!}} History {{!}} A History of The Premier League|date=2011-11-18|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2011-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118121453/http://www.premierleague.com/page/History/0,,12306,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing taun 1990-an, tren wiwit ganti, ing [[:id:Piala Dunia FIFA 1990|Piala Dunia FIFA 1990]], [[:id:Tim nasional sepak bola Inggris|timnas Inggris]] tekan semifinal lan UEFA ngangkat larangan lima taun ing klub Inggris saka main ing kompetisi Eropa ing taun 1990, saengga [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] bisa ngangkat Piala. Pemenang [[Uni Bal-balan Éropa|UEFA]] ing taun 1991. Laporan Taylor babagan standar safety stadion diterbitake ing wulan Januari 1991, ing laporan kasebut usul ningkatake kualitas stadion kanthi nggawe kabeh stadion lungguh, mula biayane cukup akeh. Iki ana gandhengane karo Tragedi Hillsborough sing kedadeyan tanggal 15 April 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.footballnetwork.org/dev/communityfootball/violence_taylor_report.asp|title=The Taylor Report|date=2006-10-16|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2006-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016222436/http://www.footballnetwork.org/dev/communityfootball/violence_taylor_report.asp|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Ing taun 1980-an, klub-klub Inggris utama wis wiwit malih dadi usaha bisnis kanthi ngetrapake prinsip komersial marang administrasi klub supaya bisa nggedhekake penghasilan. Martin Edwards saka Manchester United, Irving Scholar [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]], lan David Dein saka [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] kalebu pimpinan transformasi kasebut.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=YZ6MAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA342&lpg=PA342&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Association Game: A History of British Football|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|date=2013-10-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-87008-1|language=en}}</ref> Iki nyebabake klub-klub paling dhuwur ngupaya nambah kekuwatan, saengga klub-klub sing main ing Divisi Satu ngancam bakal ninggalake Liga Sepakbola kanggo nambah kekuwatan suara lan ngatur finansial kanthi luwih nguntungake kanthi njupuk 50% pangasilan saka kabeh televisi lan penghasilan sponsor ing taun 1986 . Dheweke nuntut supaya perusahaan televisi mbayar luwih akeh kanggo jangkoan pertandingan,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=YZ6MAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA343&lpg=PA343&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Association Game: A History of British Football|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|date=2013-10-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-87008-1|language=en}}</ref> lan bathi televisi dadi saya penting nalika [[:id:Liga Sepak bola Inggris|The Footbal League]] nampa £ 6.3 yuta kanggo perjanjian rong taun ing taun 1986, nanging ing kesepakatan gabungan ITV ing taun 1988. rega mundhak banget nganti £ 44 yuta sajrone suwene patang taun, sajrone klub-klub paling dhuwur njupuk 75% saka penghasilan. Ing negosiasi kasebut,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/sociology/css/resources/factsheets/fs8.html|title=British Football on Television: Centre for the Sociology of Sport, Department of Sociology, University of Leicester|date=2011-06-06|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2011-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606080220/http://www.le.ac.uk/sociology/css/resources/factsheets/fs8.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> saben klub Divisi Pertama nampa udakara £ 25,000 saben taun kanggo hak televisi sadurunge taun 1986 lan iki mundhak udakara kaping pindho luwih akeh nalika negosiasi ing taun 1986, lan mundhak dadi 600.000 poundsterling ing taun 1988. Rembugan ing taun 1988 ditindakake kanthi ancaman saka sepuluh klub sing ngrencanakake bakal ninggalake liga kanggo mbentuk "liga super", nanging dheweke dibujuk tetep ing liga, nanging banjur entuk bathi gedhe. Rundingan kasebut uga nggawe percoyo marang klub-klub gedhe yen kanggo entuk jumlah suara sing cukup, dheweke butuh kabeh Divisi Pertama lan ora duwe "liga super" sing luwih cilik. Ing wiwitan taun 1990-an, klub-klub gedhe kasebut wiwit budhal, amarga nalika semana dheweke kudu menehi dana kanggo ngrampungake stadion, kaya sing disaranake ing Laporan Taylor. ==== kawangun ==== Ing taun 1990, direktur ngatur London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, ketemu karo perwakilan saka limang klub sepak bola utama ing Inggris (Manchester United, Liverpool, Tottenham, Everton lan Arsenal) nalika nedha bengi. Rapat kasebut kanggo mbukak dalan supaya dheweke bisa lunga saka Liga Sepakbola. Dyke percaya yen bakal luwih nguntungake LWT yen klub-klub gedhe ditampilake ing televisi nasional lan dheweke kepengin ngerti manawa klub kasebut bakal kepincut karo pangasilan hak televisi sing luwih gedhe. Lima klub kasebut setuju karo saran kasebut lan mutusake kanggo nerusake, sanajan liga kasebut ora bakal duwe kapercayan tanpa dhukungan saka Asosiasi Sepak Bola, mula David Dein saka Arsenal lagi ngobrol yen FA bisa nampa ide kasebut. FA ora duwe hubungan sing apik banget karo Liga Sepakbola nalika semana, lan dianggep minangka cara kanggo nyuda posisi Liga Sepakbola. FA ngluncurake laporan ing wulan Juni 1991, Blueprint for the Future of Football, sing nyengkuyung rencana kanggo Premiership kanthi FA minangka panguwasa paling dhuwur kanggo ngawasi liga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/from-the-archive-blog/2012/feb/02/20-years-premier-league-football-1992|title=Premier League football at 20: 1992, the start of a whole new ball game|date=2012-02-02|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Ing pungkasan musim 1991, proposal diajukake, kanthi tujuan nggawe liga anyar sing bakal nyedhiyakake luwih akeh dhuwit ing game kasebut. Perjanjian pendiri (Perjanjian Anggota Pendhiri) ditandatangani tanggal 17 Juli 1991 dening klub paling dhuwur sing menehi dhasar kanggo persiapan Liga Premier FA (FA Premier League). Divisi level paling anyar sing mentas dibentuk duwe independen komersial independen saka The Football Association lan Liga Sepakbola, saengga liga bisa negosiasi hak siaran lan penawaran sponsor dhewe. Argumentasi sing diwenehake nalika semana minangka penghasilan tambahan sing ngidini klub Inggris bisa bersaing karo klub liyane ing Eropa. Sanajan Dyke duwe peran penting ing tatanan liga, Dyke lan ITV kelangan nominasi kanggo hak siaran sawise BSkyB menang tawaran kasebut udakara 304 yuta sajrone limang taun, bareng karo [[:id:BBC|BBC]] berhak nyiarake cuplikan ringkes ing Match of the Day ing kala wau.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/david-conn-inside-sport-blog/2013/sep/04/greg-dyke-premier-league-history|title=Greg Dyke seems to forget his role in the Premier League's formation {{!}} David Conn|date=2013-09-04|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Ing taun 1992, klub Divisi Pertama mundur akeh saka Liga Sepakbola, lan tanggal 27 Mei 1992, Liga Premier FA didegake minangka perusahaan tanggung jawab winates sing makarya ing njaba markas FA ing Lancaster Gate. Iki minangka pamisahan Liga Sepak Bola sing wis lumaku 104 taun kanthi patang divisi, dene Liga Premier mung duwe siji divisi lan Liga Sepakbola banjur lumaku bareng telu. Ora ana pangowahan format kompetisi, kanthi jumlah tim sing padha main ing level paling dhuwur, lan sistem promosi lan degradasi antarane Premiership lan Divisi Pertama sing anyar tetep padha karo antarane Divisi Pertama lan Kapindho. , ing endi ana telung tim sing mundur lan telu uga mundur. tim kasebut dipromosikan menyang level sing luwih dhuwur. Musim kaping pisanan liga yaiku edhisi 1992–1993 sing dirawuhi dening 22 klub. Gol kaping pisanan dicetak dening Brian Deane saka Sheffield United nalika ngalahake Manchester United 2-1. 22 anggota Liga Premier sing pertama, yaiku: [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]], [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], [[Coventry City]], [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]], Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest , Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur lan Wimbledon. Luton Town, Notts County lan West Ham United minangka telung tim sing mudhun saka Divisi Pertama sing lawas lan ora melu edhisi pisanan iki.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=HUFeEjq4hZkC&pg=PT18&redir_esc=y|title=Glory, Goals and Greed: Twenty Years of the Premier League|last=Lovejoy|first=Joe|date=2011-08-04|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-78057-144-7|language=en}}</ref> ===== Dominasi Papat Besar ===== Salah sawijining pinunjul saka Premiership ing pertengahan taun 2000an yaiku dominasi sing diarani Papat Besar: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool lan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/|title=The Times & The Sunday Times|website=www.thetimes.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Sajrone dasawarsa iki, dheweke nguwasani patang papan paling dhuwur, kanthi kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA, njupuk kabeh papat posisi teratas ing 5 saka 6 musim wiwit 2003-2004 nganti 2008-2009, nalika saben musim sajrone taun 2000-an ndeleng "Big "tim. Papat" mesthi lolos ing kompetisi Eropa. Sawise musim 2003-2004, Arsenal entuk julukan "The Invincible" amarga dheweke dadi klub pertama sing ngrampungake musim Premiership tanpa dikalahake ing sawijining pertandingan, sing mung kedadeyan sepisan ing Premiership.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/3696197.stm|title=Arsenal make history|date=2004-05-15|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/arsenal-invincibles-how-wengers-2003-04-gunners-went-a/1xkm3tgyvsbjj1wzrewhqz0liu|title=Arsenal Invincibles: How Wenger's 2003-04 Gunners went a season without defeat {{!}} Goal.com|website=www.goal.com|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Sajrone taun 2000an, mung papat tim ing njaba Papat Besar sing mara ing Liga Champions: [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] (1999-2000), Newcastle United (2001-2002 lan 2002-2003), Everton (2004-2005), lan Tottenham Hotspur (2009–2010), ing papan kasebut ngisi papan pungkasan Liga Champions, kajaba Newcastle ing musim 2002-2003, sing menang nomer telu. Ing wulan Mei 2008, Kevin Keegan mratelakake manawa dominasi Papat Besar ngancam liga, "Liga iki diancam bahaya dadi salah sawijining liga sing paling mboseni nanging hebat ing donya."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/n/newcastle_united/7384247.stm|title=Power of top four concerns Keegan|date=2008-05-06|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kepala eksekutif Liga Premier Richard Scudamore ujar. ing pertahanan: "Ana akeh pergolakan sing kedadeyan ing Premiership gumantung manawa sampeyan ana ing sisih ndhuwur, tengah utawa ngisor sing nggawe menarik." Saka 2005 nganti 2012, ana entri Liga Premier ing pitung saka wolu final [[Liga Champions UEFA|Liga Champions]], kanthi mung klub Papat Besar sing tekan tahap kasebut. Liverpool (2005), Manchester United (2008) lan Chelsea (2012) menang kompetisi sajrone periode kasebut, dene Arsenal (2006), Liverpool (2007), Chelsea (2008) lan Manchester United (2009 lan 2011) kalah ing Liga Champions pungkasan. Leeds United minangka siji-sijine tim Papat Besar sing entuk semi-final Liga Champions, ing musim 2000-2001. Kajaba iku, ing antarane musim 1999-2000 lan 2009-10, papat tim Liga Premier entuk Piala UEFA utawa final Liga Europa, kajaba Liverpool sing menang kompetisi ing taun 2001. Arsenal (2000), Middlesbrough (2006), lan Fulham (2010) kabeh kalah ing final. Sanajan dominasi grup kasebut surut sawise periode iki kanthi munculé Manchester City lan Tottenham, ing babagan poin menang Liga Premier ing salawas-lawase, dheweke tetep ndhisiki sawetara prabédan. Ing pungkasan musim 2018-2019 yaiku musim kaping 27, Liverpool, sing ana ing urutan nomer papat ing tabel poin kabeh-wektu, ana 250 poin sadurunge tim sabanjure, Tottenham Hotspur. Dheweke uga dadi siji-sijine tim sing njaga rata-rata kemenangan luwih saka 50% sajrone penampilan Liga Premier. ====== Nenem Gedhe Katon ====== Taun-taun sabanjure taun 2009 ditandhani pangowahan struktur "Papat besar" kanthi Tottenham Hotspur lan [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kalorone lumebu ing papat papan teratas kanthi rutin, ngowahi "Papat besar" dadi Nenem Gedhe Katon<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/changing-dynamics-of-the-big-six-in-premier-league-title-race-1.422581|title=Changing dynamics of the 'Big Six' in Premier League title race|date=2011-08-11|website=The National|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref>. Ing musim 2009-10, Tottenham menang kaping papat lan dadi tim pertama sing menang papat wiwit Everton limang taun sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/tottenham-hotspur/7907619/Champions-League-defeat-could-ruin-Tottenhams-season-says-Vedran-Corluka.html|title=Champions League defeat could ruin Tottenham's season says Vedran Corluka|website=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Nanging, kritik babagan kesenjangan ing antarane klompok elit "klub super" lan mayoritas Premiership terus, amarga tambah kemampuane mbuwang luwih akeh tinimbang klub Liga Premier liyane.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/14844717|title=Gap is widening at top - McLeish|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> Manchester City menang gelar kasebut ing musim 2011-2012, dadi klub pertama ing njaba "papat besar" sing menang wiwit [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] ing musim 1994-95. Musim kasebut uga ndeleng loro "papat besar" (Chelsea lan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]) ngrampungake ing njaba patang papan kaping pisanan kanggo musim kasebut. Mung ana patang kualifikasi [[Liga Champions UEFA]] sing kasedhiya ing liga, saiki ana kompetisi kanggo kualifikasi luwih gedhe, sanajan saka enem klub sempit. Yen tim padha kanthi poin lan bedane gol sing padha, play-off kanggo papan Liga Champions UEFA bakal dimainake kanthi netral. Ing limang musim sabanjure sawise kampanye 2011–2012, Manchester United lan Liverpool loro-lorone wis metu ing ndhuwur papat kaping telu nalika Chelsea dadi 10 ing musim 2015-16. Arsenal rampung kaping 5 ing taun 2016–2017, mungkasi rekor kasebut kanthi 20 final ndhuwur-papat berturut-turut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/arsenal-secure-top-four-finish-20th-straight-season-qualify-champions-league-after-manchester-united-defeat-a7024176.html|title=Arsenal have just done something for the 20th consecutive year|date=2016-05-12|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Ing musim 2015-16, papat nomer papat ditembus dening tim non-Top Nenem wiwit kaping pisanan wiwit Everton ing taun 2005. Leicester City minangka pemenang liga kejutan, kualifikasi minangka asil saka Liga Champions. Rekor nilai paling dhuwur ing sawijining musim dicapai dening Manchester City kanthi 100 poin ing musim 2017-2018. Ing lapangan kasebut, Nenem Gedhe Katon duwe kekuwatan lan pengaruh finansial sing signifikan, kanthi klub kasebut negesake yen kudu entuk pangasilan sing luwih gedhe amarga saka klub sing luwih gedhe global lan bal-balan sing pengin diputer. Bantahan negesake manawa struktur penghasilan egaliter ing Premiership mbantu njaga liga kompetitif sing penting kanggo sukses mbesuke. Laporan Liga Bola Sepak Deloitte 2016-2017 nuduhake beda finansial antara Nenem Gedhe Katon lan bagean liyane. Kabeh tim Nenem Gedhe Katon duwe bathi luwih saka € 350 yuta, kanthi Manchester United duwe bathi paling gedhe ing liga ing € 676,3 yuta. [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] minangka klub paling cedhak karo Nenem Gedhe Katon ing babagan penghasilan, ngrekam angka € 271,1 yuta kanggo musim kasebut - dibantu partisipasi ing Liga Champions. Generator penghasilan paling gedhe nomer wolu paling West Ham, sing ora main ing kompetisi Eropa, duwe bathi € 213,3 yuta, meh setengah saka klub kasebut kanthi penghasilan kaping lima paling gedhe, Liverpool (€ 424,2 yuta). Umume penghasilan klub kasebut wiwit saka transaksi televisi siaran, kanthi klub paling gedhe saben kira-kira £ 150 yuta nganti meh 200 juta ing musim 2016-2017 saka transaksi kasebut. Ing laporan Deloitte taun 2019, kabeh "Enem Top" ana ing sepuluh klub paling terkenal ing donya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/10/02/changing-shape-premier-league-big-six-pulling-away/|title=The changing shape of the Premier League: how the 'big six' are pulling away|last=Tweedale|first=Alistair|date=2017-10-02|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> ====== Pangembangan ====== Jumlah klub dikurangi dadi 20, mudhun saka 22, ing 1995 nalika patang tim mudhun saka liga lan mung loro sing dipromosekake. Liga divisi paling dhuwur mung ngemot 22 tim ing wiwitan musim 1991–92 yaiku taun sadurunge pembentukan Premiership. Tanggal 8 Juni 2006, FIFA njaluk kabeh peserta ing liga utama Eropa, kalebu Serie A Italia lan La Liga Spanyol, dikurangi dadi 18 tim ing wiwitan musim 2007-2008. Liga Premier nanggapi kanthi ngumumake niat nolak pengurangan kasebut. Pungkasane, musim 2007-2008 diwiwiti maneh kanthi 20 tim. Liga iki ganti jeneng saka Liga Premier FA dadi Liga Premier Inggris ing taun 2007. == Struktur Perusahaan == [[:id:The Football Association|Football Association Premier]] League Ltd (FAPL) mbukak minangka perusahaan lan diduweni dening 20 klub anggota. Saben klub minangka pemegang saham, kanthi saben tim duwe swara babagan masalah kayata pangowahan aturan lan kontrak. Klub kasebut milih ketua, kepala eksekutif, lan dewan direksi kanggo ngawasi operasional liga saben dina. Asosiasi Sepak Bola ora melu langsung ing operasi saben dina kompetisi kasebut, nanging duwe kekuwatan veto minangka pemegang saham khusus nalika pemilihan dadi ketua lan kepala eksekutif lan nalika ana aturan anyar sing ditindakake dening liga. Ketua saiki yaiku Sir Dave Richards, sing ditunjuk ing wulan April 1999, lan kepala eksekutif yaiku [[Richard Scudamore]] sing diangkat tanggal November 1999. Mantan ketua lan kepala eksekutif, John Quinton lan Peter Leaver, dipeksa mundur ing wulan Maret 1999 sawise menehi kontrak konsultasi karo mantan eksekutif Sky Sam Chisholm lan David Chance. Rick Parry minangka kepala eksekutif liga kaping pisanan. Ing tanggal 13 November 2018, Susanna Dinnage diumumake minangka penerus Scudamore, sing jabatan wiwit awal 2019. Liga Premier ngirim perwakilan menyang Asosiasi Klub [[Éropa|Eropa]] UEFA, jumlah klub lan klub sing dipilih nuduhake koefisien UEFA. Kanggo musim 2012-2013, Liga Premier duwe 10 wakil ing asosiasi kasebut, yaiku: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United lan Tottenham Hotspur. Asosiasi Klub Eropa tanggung jawab milih telung anggota menyang Komite Kompetisi Klub UEFA, sing melu tumindak kompetisi UEFA kayata Liga Champions lan Liga Europa. == Format sayembara == === Kompetisi === Ana 20 klub sing main ing [[:id:Liga Utama Inggris|Liga Premier Inggris]]. Sajrone sawijining mangsa (wiwit wulan Agustus nganti Mei) saben klub main lawane ing rong pertandingan (sistem putaran-robin kaping pindho), ing endi pertandingan siji dimainake, dene pertandingan liyane dimainake ing markas mungsuh (adoh). . Tim sing menang pertandingan kasebut entuk telung poin, dene tim sing kalah ora entuk poin. Yen pertandingan kasebut menang, loro tim entuk 1 poin. Peringkat klub diurutake miturut total poin, banjur bedane gol, lan total gol sing dicetak. Yen isih level, tim kasebut dianggep padha drajate. Yen seri tim kasebut pengaruhe menang, degradasi, utawa kualifikasi kanggo kompetisi liyane, mula play-off bakal diselenggarakake ing papan netral kanggo nemtokake peringkat. Mayoritas pertandingan dimainake dina Setu lan Minggu awan. ==== Promosi lan degradasi ==== Sistem promosi lan degradasi digunakake ing antarane kompetisi Liga Premiere lan [[:id:Kejuaraan EFL|Kejuaraan EFL]]. Telung tim paling dhuwur ing Premiership bakal dicopot lan ditampilake ing Kejuaraan EFL ing musim sabanjure, lan rong tim utama Kejuaraan EFL munggah (promosi) menyang Premiership, ing endi sing nuduhake tim katelu ditemtokake liwat seri play-off sing diikuti karo tim peringkat 3 nganti 6. Liga Premier duwe 22 tim nalika diwiwiti ing taun 1992, nanging dikurangi dadi 20 ing taun 1995. == Klub sing melu == Ana 45 klub sing main ing Liga Premier wiwit liga dibentuk ing taun 1992, kalebu ing musim 2016-17. Nganti musim iki, mung ana 6 klub sing bisa terus bertahan ing Liga Premier. Manchester City sapisan dibuwang metu saka level paling dhuwur ing Liga Premier lan pungkasane main ing Divisi Loro. Klub-klub sing isih urip yaiku Arsenal, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester United lan Tottenham Hotspur. ===== Juara ===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !No !Musim !Juara !No !Musim !Juara |- |1 |1992–1993 |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |15 |2006–2007 |Manchester United |- |2 |1993–1994 |Manchester United |16 |2007–2008 |Manchester United |- |3 |1994–1995 |[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] |17 |2008–2009 |Manchester United |- |4 |1995–1996 |Manchester United |18 |2009–2010 |Chelsea |- |5 |1996–1997 |Manchester United |19 |2010–2011 |Manchester United |- |6 |1997–1998 |Arsenal |20 |2011–2012 |Manchester City |- |7 |1998–1999 |Manchester United |21 |2012–2013 |Manchester United |- |8 |1999–2000 |Manchester United |22 |2013–2014 |Manchester City |- |9 |2000–2001 |Manchester United |23 |2014–2015 |Chelsea |- |10 |2001–2002 |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |24 |2015–2016 |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |- |11 |2002–2003 |Manchester United |25 |2016–2017 |Chelsea |- |12 |2003–2004 |Arsenal |26 |2017–2018 |Manchester City |- |13 |2004–2005 |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |27 |2018–2019 |Manchester City |- |14 |2005–2006 |Chelsea |28 |2019–2020 |Liverpool |} ===== Miturut klub kasebut ===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Klub !Jumlah judhul !Mangsa kamenangan |- |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |13 |1992–1993, 1993–1994, 1995–1996, 1996–1997, 1998–1999, 1999–2000, 2000–2001, 2002–2003, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2010–2011, 2012–2013 |- |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |5 |2004–2005, 2005–2006, 2009–2010, 2014–2015, 2016–2017 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |4 |2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2017–2018, 2018–2019 |- |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |3 |1997–1998, 2001–2002, 2003–2004 |- |[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] |1 |1994–1995 |- |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |1 |2015–2016 |- |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |1 |2019–2020 |} ===== Peserta kanggo musim 2019-2020 ===== {| class="wikitable" |+20 klub ing ngisor iki saingan ing Liga Premier sajrone musim 2019-2020. !Klub !Posisi ing taun 2018-2019 !Musim Pertama ing Divisi Pertama !Musim Pertama ing Liga Premier Inggris !Musim ing Divisi Pertama !Mangsa ing Liga Utama Inggris !Musim Pertama Saiki Ngganti Divisi Pertama !Judhul Divisi Utama !Judhul pungkasan ing divisi utama |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]^a |ke-1 |1899–1900 |1992–93 |91 |23 |2002–03 |6 |2018–19 |- |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]^{a, b} |ke-2 |1894–95 |1992–93 |105 |28 |1962–63 |18 |1989–90 |- |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]^{a, b} |ke-3 |1907–08 |1992–93 |85 |28 |1989–90 |6 |2016–17 |- |[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspu]]<nowiki/>r^{a, b} |ke-4 |1909–10 |1992–93 |85 |28 |1978–79 |2 |1960–61 |- |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]^{a, b} |ke-5 |1904–05 |1992–93 |103 |28 |1919–20 |13 |2003–04 |- |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]^{a, b} |ke-6 |1892–93 |1992–93 |95 |28 |1975–76 |20 |2012–13 |- |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers]]^c |ke-7 |1888–89 |2003–04 |65 |6 |2018–19 |3 |1958–59 |- |[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]^{a, b, c} |ke-8 |1888–89 |1992–93 |117 |28 |1954–55 |9 |1986–87 |- |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |ke-9 |1908–09 |1994–95 |51 |14 |2014–15 |1 |2015–16 |- |[[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] |ke-10 |1923–24 |1993–94 |62 |24 |2012–13 |0 |n/a |- |[[Watford]] |ke-11 |1982–83 |1999–2000 |13 |7 |2015–16 |0 |n/a |- |[[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]^a |ke-12 |1969–70 |1992–93 |20 |11 |2013–14 |0 |n/a |- |[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] |ke-13 |1898–99 |1993–94 |88 |25 |2017–18 |4 |1926–27 |- |[[Bournemouth]]^b |ke-14 |2015–16 |2015–16 |5 |5 |2015–16 |0 |n/a |- |[[Burnley]]^c |ke-15 |1888–89 |2009–10 |57 |6 |2016–17 |2 |1959–60 |- |[[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]]^a |ke-16 |1966–67 |1992–93 |43 |21 |2012–13 |0 |n/a |- |[[Brighton]] & [[Hove Albion]]^b |ke-17 |1979–80 |2017–18 |7 |3 |2017–18 |0 |n/a |- |[[Norwich City]]^a |ke-1 di Championship |1972–73 |1992–93 |27 |9 |2019–20 |0 |n/a |- |[[Sheffield United]]^a |ke-2 di Championship |1893–94 |1992–93 |62 |4 |2019–20 |3 |1897–98 |- |[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]^{a, c} |ke-5 di Championship |1888–89 |1992–93 |105 |25 |2019–20 |7 |1980–81 |} * Cardiff City, Fulham lan Huddersfield Town mundur menyang Kejuaraan EFL kanggo musim 2019-2020, dene Norwich City, Sheffield United lan Aston Villa, minangka pemenang, nomer loro lan play-off, dipromosikake saka Kejuaraan EFL 2018-19 mangsane. * Bournemouth, Brighton lan Hove Albion lan Huddersfield Town minangka siji-sijine klub sing tetep ana ing Liga Premier wiwit promosi kaping pisanan, sawise main 4, 2 lan 2 musim (saben 27). ''^a: Anggota pendiri Liga Premier Inggris'' ''^b: Ora tau dicopot saka Liga Premier'' ''^c: Salah siji saka 12 tim Liga Sepakbola asli'' ==== Klub liyane ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Klub !Liga Saiki !Posisi ing taun 2018-2019 !Musim kaping pisanan ing divisi utama !Musim kaping pisanan ing Liga Premier Inggris !Musim terbaru di Liga Utama Inggris !Musim paling anyar ing Liga Premier !Mangsa ing Liga Utama Inggris !Judhul divisi utama !Judhul pungkasan ing divisi utama |- |[[Barnsley]] |Championship |ke-2 di Liga Satu |1997–98 |1997–98 |1997–98 |1 |1 |0 |n/a |- |[[Birmingham City]] |Championship |ke-17 |1894–95 |2002–03 |2010–11 |57 |7 |0 |n/a |- |[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]^{a, b} |Championship |ke-15 |1888–89 |1992–93 |2011–12 |72 |18 |3 |1994–95 |- |[[Blackpool]] |League One |ke-10 |1930–31 |2010–11 |2010–11 |28 |1 |0 |n/a |- |[[Bolton Wanderers]]^b |League One |ke-23 di Championship |1888–89 |1995–96 |2011–12 |61 |13 |0 |n/a |- |[[Bradford City]] |League Two |ke-24 di League One |1908–09 |1999–2000 |2000–01 |12 |2 |0 |n/a |- |[[Cardiff City]]^c |Championship |ke-18 di Premier League |1921–22 |2013–14 |2018–19 |17 |2 |0 |n/a |- |[[Charlton Athletic]] |Championship |ke-3 di League One |1936–37 |1998–99 |2006–07 |27 |8 |0 |n/a |- |[[Coventry City]]^a |League One |ke-8 |1967–68 |1992–93 |2000–01 |34 |9 |0 |n/a |- |[[Derby County]]^b |Championship |ke-6 |1888–89 |1996–97 |2007–08 |65 |7 |2 |1974–75 |- |[[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] |Championship |ke-19 di Premier League |1949–50 |2001–02 |2018–19 |26 |14 |0 |n/a |- |[[Huddersfield Town]] |Championship |ke-20 di Premier League |1920–21 |2017–18 |2018–19 |33 |2 |3 |1925–26 |- |[[Hull City]] |Championship |ke-13 |2008–09 |2008–09 |2016–17 |5 |5 |0 |n/a |- |[[Ipswich Town]]^a |League One |ke-24 di Championship |1961–62 |1992–93 |2001–02 |26 |14 |0 |1961–62 |- |[[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]]^a |Championship |ke-3 |1924–25 |1992–93 |2003–04 |33 |2 |3 |1991–92 |- |[[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]^a |Championship |ke-7 |1902–03 |1992–93 |2016–17 |5 |5 |0 |n/a |- |[[Nottingham Forest]]^a |Championship |ke-9 |1892–93 |1992–93 |1998–99 |56 |5 |1 |1977–78 |- |[[Oldham Athletic]]^a |League Two |ke-14 |1910–11 |1992–93 |1993–94 |12 |2 |0 |n/a |- |[[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]] |League One |ke-4 |1927–28 |2003–04 |2009–10 |33 |7 |2 |1949–50 |- |[[Queens Park Rangers]]^a |Championship |ke-19 |1968–69 |1992–93 |2014–15 |23 |7 |0 |n/a |- |[[Redin, Gebang, Purwareja|Reading]] |Championship |ke-20 |2006–07 |2006–07 |2012–13 |3 |3 |0 |n/a |- |[[Sheffield Wednesday]]^a |Championship |ke-12 |1892–93 |1992–93 |1999–2000 |66 |8 |4 |1929–30 |- |[[Stoke City]]^b |Championship |ke-16 |1888–89 |2008–09 |2017–18 |63 |10 |0 |n/a |- |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |League One |ke-5 |1890–91 |1995–96 |2016–17 |87 |13 |6 |1935–36 |- |[[Swansea City]]^c |Championship |ke-10 |1981–82 |2011–12 |2017–18 |9 |7 |0 |n/a |- |[[Swindon Town]] |League Two |ke-13 |1993–94 |1993–94 |1993–94 |1 |1 |0 |n/a |- |[[West Bromwich Albion F.C|West Bromwich Albion]]^b |Championship |ke-4 |1888–89 |2002–03 |2017–18 |79 |12 |1 |1919–20 |- |[[Wigan Athletic]] |Championship |ke-18 |2005–06 |2005–06 |2012–13 |8 |8 |0 |n/a |- |[[Wimbledon F.C.|Wimbledon]]^a |Dibubarkan |Dibubarkan (2003–2004) |1892–93 |1992–93 |1999–2000 |14 |8 |0 |n/a |} ''^a: Anggota pendiri Liga Premier Inggris'' ''^b: Salah siji saka 12 tim Liga Sepakbola asli'' ''^c: Klub sing asale saka Wales'' ====== Klub non Inggris ====== '''Wales''' Ing taun 2011, sawijining klub Welsh melu Liga Premier kaping pisanan sawise [[Swansea City]] dipromosekake. Pertandhingan Liga Premier sing dimainake ing sanjabane Inggris yaiku pertandingan kandang Swansea City ing Stadion Liberty nglawan Wigan Athletic tanggal 20 Agustus 2011. Nomer klub Wales sing main ing Premiership tambah dadi loro ing musim 2013-2014 nalika [[Cardiff City]] menang promosi, nanging dheweke langsung mundur sawise musim perdana. Cardiff nerusake promosi ing 2017-2018 nanging jumlah klub Wales tetep padha ing musim Liga Premier 2018-19 nalika Swansea City dipecat saka Liga Premier ing taun 2017–2018. Sawise mundur saka Cardiff City ing taun 2018–2019, ing taun 2020 ora ana klub Welsh sing bakal main ing Liga Premier. Amarga klub Welsh minangka anggota Asosiasi Sepakbola Wales (Inggris: [[Football Association of Wales]], FAW), mula ana pertanyaan manawa klub kaya Swansea bisa makili Inggris utawa Wales ing kompetisi Eropa. Iki nyebabake diskusi dawa ing Uni Sepakbola Eropa. Swansea njupuk salah siji saka telung posisi Inggris ing [[Liga Eropah UEFA|Liga Eropa UEFA]] ing taun 2013–2014 sawise menang Piala Liga Premier ing musim 2012–13. '''Skotlandia lan Irlandia''' Partisipasi ing Premiership dening sawetara klub [[Skotlandia]] utawa [[Républik Irlan|Irlandia]] wis dibahas kaping pirang-pirang, nanging ora ngasilake asil. Gagasan kasebut meh ngasilake ing taun 1998, nalika Wimbledon nampa persetujuan Liga Premier kanggo pindhah menyang Dublin, Irlandia, nanging langkah kasebut dihentikan dening Asosiasi Sepakbola Republik Irlandia. Media uga wis mbahas kaping pirang-pirang gagasan manawa loro tim paling gedhe Skotlandia, Celtic lan Rangers, bisa ditampilake ing Liga Premier, nanging ora ana sing dadi kasunyatane. == Kompetisi internasional == === Kompetisi Eropa === Papat tim paling apik ing pungkasan klasemen Liga Premier lolos ing panggung grup Liga Champions UEFA musim ngarep. Pemenang Liga Juara-Juara UEFA lan Liga UEFA Europa uga nduweni kualifikasi kanggo tahapan grup ing Liga Champions UEFA musim sabanjure. Yen iki nggawe enem tim Liga Premier dadi kualifikasi, mula tim sing ana ing posisi kaping papat ing Liga Premier malah bakal main ing Liga UEFA Europa, amarga saben negara diwatesi maksimal 5 tim sing bisa muncul. Tim sing peringkat kaping lima ing klasemen Liga Premier lolos menyang Inggris menyang panggung grup Liga Europa ing musim sabanjure. Pemenang Piala FA uga lolos ing tataran grup Liga Europa UEFA musim ngarep, nanging yen pemenang uga mungkasi liga ing limang besar utawa wis menang turnamen utama UEFA, papan iki bakal dianugerahi tim nomer enem ing klasemen . Pemenang Piala EFL uga lolos menyang babak kualifikasi kaping pindho ing Liga UEFA Europa musim sabanjure, nanging yen pemenang wis mumpuni kanggo kompetisi UEFA liwat kompetisi liyane, saham iki bakal diwenehake menyang tim sing entuk nomer enem ing Liga Premier, utawa kaping pitu yen asil Piala. FA uga nduweni kualifikasi tim peringkat nomer enem. Jumlah papan sing dialokasikan kanggo klub Inggris ing kompetisi UEFA gumantung karo posisi negara ing koefisien negara UEFA, sing diitung adhedhasar kinerja tim ing kompetisi UEFA sajrone limang taun kepungkur. Saiki Liga Inggris (lan Liga Premier) rangking nomer loro ing mburi Spanyol. {| class="wikitable" |+Dijupuk saka rangking negara 2019 adhedhasar koefisien UEFA ! rowspan="2" |Peringkat 2019 ! rowspan="2" |Peringkat 2018 ! rowspan="2" |Owahi ! rowspan="2" |Liga ! rowspan="2" |2014–2015 ! rowspan="2" |2015–2016 ! rowspan="2" |2016–2017 ! rowspan="2" |2017–2018 ! rowspan="2" |2018–2019 ! rowspan="2" |Koefisien ! colspan="6" |Ration ing Liga Champions ! colspan="6" |Ration ing Liga Europa |- !BG !PO !K3 !K2 !K1 !PQ !BG !PO !K3 !K2 !K1 !PQ |- |1 |1 |= |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} [[Spanyol]] |20.214 |23.928 |20.142 |19.714 |19.571 |103.569 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |2 |2 |= |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Inggris]] |13.571 |14.250 |14.928 |20.071 |22.642 |85.462 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |3 |3 |= |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Itali]]a |19.000 |11.500 |14.250 |17.333 |12.642 |74.725 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |4 |4 |= |{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Jerman]] |15.857 |16.428 |14.571 |9.857 |15.214 |71.927 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |5 |5 |= |{{flagicon|Prancis}} [[Prancis]] |10.916 |11.083 |14.416 |11.500 |10.583 |58.498 |2 | - |1 | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |6 |6 |= |{{flagicon|Ruslan}} [[Ruslan]] |9.666 |11.500 |9.200 |12.600 |7.583 |50.549 |2 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |7 |7 |= |{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portegal|Portugal]] |9.083 |10.500 |8.083 |9.666 |10.900 |48.232 |1 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |8 |8 |= |{{flagicon|Ukraina}} [[Ukraina]] |10.000 |9.800 |5.500 |8.000 |7.800 |39.900 |1 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |9 |9 |= |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}} [[Bèlgi]] |9.600 |7.400 |12.500 |2.600 |5.600 |38.900 |1 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |10 |10 |= |{{flagicon|Turki}} [[Turki]] |6.000 |6.600 |9.700 |6.800 |5.500 |34.600 |1 | - | - |1 | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |} Pangecualian kanggo sistem kualifikasi Eropa sing biasa kedadeyan ing taun 2005, sawise Liverpool menang Liga Champions taun kepungkur, nanging ora lolos menyang Liga Champions miturut klasemen final Liga Premier musim kasebut. UEFA menehi dispensasi khusus kanggo Liverpool lumebu Liga Champions supaya Inggris bisa dialokasikan limang papan. [[Uni Bal-balan Éropa|UEFA]] banjur mutusake manawa para juara saiki lolos ing kompetisi kasebut ing musim sabanjure tanpa preduli jabatane ing liga domestik. Nanging, kanthi liga sing duwe papat saham ing Liga Champions, iki tegese pemenang Liga Champions sing ora ana ing papat ndhuwur bakal njupuk papan kanggo tim nomer papat. Nalika semana, ora ana asosiasi sing bisa duwe luwih saka patang tim ing Liga Champions. Iki kedadeyan ing 2012 nalika Chelsea menang Liga Champions musim panas kasebut, nanging mung menang nomer enem ing klasemen Liga Premier. Chelsea banjur njupuk bagian Tottenham Hotspur, mula Tottenham Hotspur main ing Liga Eropa UEFA. Saka 2015–2016, para pemenang Liga Europa lolos menyang Liga Champions, sing nyumurupi jumlah maksimum tim sing bakal menang ditambah saka papat dadi lima. Iki ana pengaruhe ing Inggris ing musim 2016–2017 nalika Manchester United mung bisa menang nomer enem ing klasemen, nanging wis menang Liga Europa. Iki menehi limang titik ing Inggris ing 2017–2018. Ing kasus iki, saham [[Liga Eropah UEFA|Liga Europa]] sing kosong ora dianugerahi tim Inggris miturut klasemen, saengga saham ing Liga Europa kanggo musim sabanjure bakal dikurangi. Yen pemenang Liga Champions lan Liga Europa teka saka asosiasi sing padha lan loro-lorone ora dadi juara papat klasemen, mula tim nomer papat kasebut bakal main ing Liga Europa. ==== Kompetisi internasional ==== Antarane musim 1992-1993 nganti 2018–2019, klub Liga Premier Inggris menang Liga Champions UEFA kaping lima (lan menang nomer loro kaping pitu), ing sangisore gelar La Liga Spanyol kanthi sewelas kemenangan, padha karo Serie A Italia, lan unggul liwat Bundesliga Jerman kanthi menang kaping telu. Loro klub Liga Premier wis sukses dadi Piala Dunia Klub [[FIFA]] (asline diarani FIFA Club World Championship), yaiku Manchester United ing taun 2008 lan Liverpool ing taun 2019, lan kaping pindho dadi nomer loro (Liverpool taun 2005 lan Chelsea taun 2012) ,ing sangisore babak penyisihan La Liga kanthi pitung kemenangan, Brasileirão Brasil kanthi papat kemenangan, lan imbang karo Serie A Italia kanthi loro kemenangan. == Keuangan == Liga Premier duwe penghasilan paling dhuwur kanggo kabeh liga bal-balan ing jagad iki, kanthi total bathi € 2,48 milyar ing taun 2009–2010. Ing 2013-2014, amarga tambah akeh pendapatan televisi lan kontrol biaya, Liga Premier duwe penghasilan net luwih saka £ 78 yuta, ngungkuli kabeh liga bal-balan liyane. Ing taun 2010, Liga Premier dianugerahi Penghargaan [[Ratu]] kanggo Perusahaan ing kategori Perdagangan Internasional amarga menehi kontribusi luar biasa kanggo perdagangan internasional lan nilai sing diwenehake kanggo bal-balan Inggris lan industri siaran Inggris. Sawetara klub sing melu Liga Premier Inggris kalebu ing dhaptar klub sepakbola paling sugih ing saindenging jagad. Laporan sing dirilis dening Deloitte kanthi irah-irahan "Football Money League" kalebu pitung klub Liga Premier ing 20 klub paling dhuwur kanggo musim 2009-10, lan kabeh 20 klub sing main ing Liga Premier kalebu 40 tim paling dhuwur ing saindenging jagad. pungkasan musim. 2013–2014, amarga umume tambah akeh penghasilan siaran. Wiwit taun 2013, liga iki ngasilake € 2.2 milyar saben taun saka hak televisi, domestik lan internasional. Klub-klub sing melu Liga setuju ing Desember 2012 kanggo nindakake kontrol biaya sing anyar. Kaloro proposal sing diajukake kalebu aturan babagan breakeven lan watesan babagan kenaikan gaji sing bisa dibayar saben musim. Kanthi kesepakatan televisi anyar, momentum kasebut tuwuh kanggo golek cara kanggo nyegah mayoritas awis langsung menyang para pemain lan agen. Pembayaran terpusat kanggo musim 2016-2017 gunggunge £ 2.398.515.773 saka total 20 klub, kanthi saben tim nampa ragad partisipasi tetep £ 35,301,989 lan pembayaran tambahan saka televisi siaran (£ 1.016.690 kanggo hak umum Inggris kanggo cocog karo sorotan, £ 1,136,083 kanggo saben siaran langsung pertandingane ing Inggris, lan £ 39.090.596 kanggo kabeh hak saka luar negeri), hak komersial (ragad rata-rata £ 4,759,404), lan ukuran "jasa" notional adhedhasar posisi pungkasan klasemen liga. Komponen layanan nganti £ 1,941,609 dikalikan karo peringkat pungkasan klasemen, diwilang saka sisih ngisor klasemen (contone, Burnley ana ing peringkat 16 ing klasemen Mei 2017, lan ana nomer 5 saka ngisor, mula dheweke nampa 5 × £ 1.941. 609 = £ 9.708.045). == Sponsor == Saka taun 1993 nganti 2016, Liga Premier Inggris menehi hak sponsor kanggo rong perusahaan, yaiku [[Carling Brewery]] lan [[Barclays Bank PLC]]. Sponsor utama duwe hak kanggo nambah jenenge menyang jeneng liga. Barclays minangka sponsor pungkasan, dadi sponsor Liga Premier wiwit taun 2001 nganti 2016 (nganti taun 2004, kompetisi iki ditambahake karo jeneng Barclaycard sadurunge ganti dadi merek perbankan utamane ing taun 2004). {| class="wikitable" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Periode ! rowspan="2" |Sponsor ! colspan="2" |Judhul sayembara |- !Basa Inggris !Basa Indonesia |- |1992–1993 |''[[Ora ana sponsor]]'' |FA Premier League |Liga Utama FA |- |1993–2001 |[[Curling|Carling]] |FA Carling Premiership |Liga Utama Carling FA |- |2001–2004 |[[Barclaycard]] |FA Barclaycard Premiership |Liga Utama Barclaycard FA |- |2004–2007 | rowspan="2" |[[Barclays]] |FA Barclays Premiership |Liga Utama Barclays FA |- |2007–2016 |Barclays Premier League |Liga Utama Barclays |- |2016– |''Ora ana sponsor'' |Premier League |Liga Utama |} Kesepakatan Barclays karo Liga Premier rampung ing pungkasan musim 2015-2016. FA ngumumake tanggal 4 Juni 2015 yen dheweke ora bakal nggayuh tawaran sponsor maneh kanggo Liga Premier Inggris, kanthi alesan manawa dheweke pengin nggawe merek "bersih" kanggo kompetisi sing luwih selaras karo liga olahraga utama ing Amerika Serikat. Loro saka nyengkuyung liga dhewe, Liga Premier duwe sawetara mitra lan supplier resmi. Panyedhiya bola resmi liga yaiku Nike, sing wis kontrak wiwit musim 2000-2001 nalika dheweke njupuk alih tugas saka Miter. Miturut merek Merlin, Topps duwe lisensi kanggo ngasilake koleksi Liga Premier antara taun 1994 lan 2019 kalebu stiker (kanggo album stiker) lan kertu dagang. Diluncurake ing musim 2007-2008, Topps Match Attax, game kertu dagang Liga Premier resmi dadi koleksi bocah lanang sing laris ing Inggris, lan uga game kertu dagang olahraga paling laris ing donya. Ing wulan Oktober 2018, Panini diwenehi lisensi kanggo ngasilake koleksi wiwit musim 2019-2020. Wiwit taun 2017, perusahaan coklat [[Cadbury]] minangka mitra cemilan resmi Liga Premier, lan dadi sponsor [[Sepatu Emas]] lan penghargaan [[Sarung Tangan Emas]].. == Penyiar == === Britania Raya lan Irlandia === Televisi nduweni peran gedhe ing sejarah Liga Premier. Keputusan Liga kanggo menehi hak siaran menyang [[BSkyB]] ing taun 1992 minangka keputusan sing dijupuk nalika semana, nanging keputusan kasebut wis dibayar. Nalika semana, televisi mbayar minangka usulan sing durung dites ing pasar Inggris, uga kewajiban para penggemar mbayar kanggo nonton pertandingan bal-balan kanthi langsung ing televisi. Nanging, kombinasi strategi Sky, kualitas bal-balan Liga Premier lan rasa masarakat kanggo game kasebut nyumurupi nilai hak televisi Liga Premier sing saya dhuwur. Liga Premier adol hak siaran televisi kanthi bebarengan. Iki beda karo sawetara liga bal-balan Eropa liyane, kalebu [[LaLiga|La Liga]], ing ngendi saben klub adol hak masing-masing, sing nggawe pangasilan luwih dhuwur saka total penghasilan menyang sawetara klub paling dhuwur. Dhuwit dipérang dadi telung bagean: separo saham dipérang kanthi merata ing antarané klub; seprapat dianugerahi adhedhasar prestasi adhedhasar posisi liga pungkasan, klub ing ndhuwur meja entuk rong puluh kali luwih akeh tinimbang klub ing ngisor, lan terus padha mudhun ing klasemen; kuartal pungkasan dibayar minangka biaya fasilitas kanggo pertandingan tivi, kanthi klub-klub paling dhuwur umume nampa bagean saka singa kasebut. Penghasilan saka hak asing dipisahake kanthi beda ing antarane 20 klub kasebut. Perjanjian hak televisi sing pertama ing Sky regane 304 yuta nganti limang musim. Kontrak sabanjure, negosiasi kanggo wiwitan musim 1997–98, mundhak dadi 670 yuta kanggo patang musim. Kontrak kaping telu regane 1.024 milyar karo BSkyB sajrone telung musim wiwit taun 2001-2002 nganti 2003-04. Liga Premier ngasilake 320 yuta £ saka adol hak internasional ing telung taun wiwit 2004-2005 nganti 2006-07. Dheweke adol hak miturut wilayah. Monopoli Sky rampung wulan Agustus 2006 nalika [[Setanta Sports]] diwenehi hak nyiarake loro saka enem paket game sing kasedhiya. Iki ditindakake sawise meksa [[Komisi Eropa]] supaya hak eksklusif ora bisa didol menyang sawijining perusahaan televisi. Sky lan Setanta mbayar £ 1,7 milyar, paningkatan rong pertiga sing nggawe kaget akeh para komentator amarga asumsi publik manawa nilai hak siaran wis munggah sawise tuwuh kanthi cepet. Setanta uga tetep duwe hak kanggo pertandingan langsung jam 3 sore sing disiarake kanggo pamirsa Irlandia wae. BBC tetep nduweni hak kanggo nampilake dawane video ing telung musim sing padha (ing Pertandhingan Dina) nganti £ 171,6 yuta, kenaikan 63% saka £ 105 yuta sing sadurunge dibayar sajrone telung taun sadurunge. Sky lan BT wis setuju kanggo mbayar total 84,3 yuta kanggo hak pertandingan sing ditundha kanggo 242 game (sing minangka hak kanggo siaran lengkap ing televisi lan Internet) umume sajrone 50 jam kanggo pertandingan sawise 10 wengi dina kasebut. Hak televisi ing luar negeri ngasilake £ 625 yuta, meh tikel kaping pindho saka kontrak sadurunge. Total sing dikumpulake miturut kesepakatan kasebut ana luwih saka £ 2,7 milyar, sing menehi rata-rata penghasilan marang klub Liga Premier udakara £ 40 yuta saben taun wiwit taun 2007 nganti 2010. Kesepakatan hak televisi antara Liga Premier lan Sky ngalami tuduhan dadi kartel, lan sawetara kasus pengadilan muncul minangka asil. Penyelidikan dening Kantor Perdagangan Adil ing taun 2002 nemokake BSkyB kanggo dominasi pasar olahraga TV bayar, nanging dheweke nyimpulake manawa ana sawetara alasan sing ora cukup kanggo pratelan yen BSkyB wis nyalah gunakake dominane. Ing wulan Juli 1999, sawijining cara adol hak Liga Premier nggunakake sistem kolektif kanggo kabeh klub sing melu, diselidiki dening Pengadilan Praktik Terbatas Inggris, sing nyimpulake manawa kesepakatan kasebut ora bertentangan karo kepentingan umum. Cuplikan trailer BBC ing dina Setu lan Minggu bengi, uga wengi liyane sing cocog karo jadwal, pungkasan nganti taun 2016. Hak televisi mung kanggo periode 2010 nganti 2013 dituku udakara 1,782 milyar. Tanggal 22 Juni 2009, amarga ana masalah sing diadhepi Setanta Sports sawise gagal nggayuh tenggat pungkasan kanggo pambayaran £ 30 yuta menyang Liga Premier, ESPN dianugerahi rong paket hak kanggo disiarkeun ing Great Britain sing ngemot 46 game ing musim 2009–2010 uga 23 paket pertandingan saben musim wiwit 2010-2011 nganti 2012–2013. Tanggal 13 Juni 2012, Liga Premier ngumumake yen BT duwe hak nyiarake 38 pertandingan saben musim 2013-2014 menyang musim 2015-2016 regane 246 yuta saben taun. 116 pertandingan liyane sing disiarake Sky regane 760 yuta saben taun. Total bathi saka hak penyiaran domestik wis mencapai £ 3.018 milyar, mundhak 70,2% tinimbang musim 2010-2011 dadi 2012-2013. Nilai perjanjian lisensi tambah 70,2% ing 2015, kanthi Sky lan BT mbayar £ 5,136 milyar nalika nganyari kontrak karo Liga Premier telung taun nganti musim 2018-2019. {| class="wikitable" |+Snippet ing Britania Raya !Program !Duration !Saluran |- |''Match of the Day'' |1992–2001, 2004–''kini'' |BBC |- |''The Premiership'' |2001–2004 |ITV |} Ing wulan Agustus 2016, diumumake manawa BBC bakal nggawe majalah gaya anyar kanggo Liga Premier kanthi judhul The Premier League Show. Ing wulan Juni 2018, diumumake manawa Amazon Video bakal nyiarake 20 pertandingan saben musim kanthi perjanjian telung taun wiwit musim 2019-20. Siaran televisi kasebut bakal diproduksi kanthi kemitraan karo Sunset + Vine lan BT Sport. ==== Internasional ==== Liga Premier minangka liga sepak bola sing paling ditonton ing saindenging jagad, disiarake ing 212 wilayah menyang 643 yuta omah lan calon pamirsa TV 4,7 milyar wong. Produksi televisi ing Liga Premier, Premier League Productions, dioperasikake dening IMG Productions lan ngasilake kabeh konten kanggo mitra televisi internasional. Liga Premier misuwur banget ing Asia, dadi program sing paling akeh disebar. Ing Australia, perusahaan telekomunikasi Optus duwe hak eksklusif kanggo siaran Liga Premier, sing nyedhiyakake siaran langsung lan akses online sing sadurunge dicekel dening Fox Sports. Ing India, pertandingan disiarake langsung ing STAR Sports. Ing China, hak penyiaran diwenehake menyang Super Sports kanthi persetujuan enem taun wiwit musim 2013-2014. Ing musim 2019-2020, hak penyiaran ing Kanadha menyang Liga Premier diduweni dening DAZN, amarga wis diduweni bebarengan karo Sportsnet lan TSN wiwit musim 2013-2014. Ing Amerika Serikat, Liga Premier disiarake ing NBC Sports. Pamirsa liga tuwuh kanthi cepet, kanthi NBC lan NBCSN rata-rata 479.000 pamirsa ing musim 2014-2015, nganti 118% ing musim 2012-2013 nalika isih disiarake ing Fox Soccer lan ESPN / ESPN2 kanthi 220.000 tontonan, lan NBC Sports nampa sawetara apresiasi babagan jangkoan kasebut. NBC Sports nambah musim Liga Premier Premier enem taun 2015 ing musim 2021–2022 kanthi kesepakatan regane $ 1 milyar (padha karo £ 640 yuta). Antarane musim 1998–1999 lan musim 2012-2013, RTÉ nyiarake rekaman ing program Sabtu Sepak Bola Premier lan kala-kala nalika Minggu Soccer Soccer. Wiwit musim 2004-2005 nganti musim 2006-2007, RTÉ nyiarkan pertandingan langsung tanggal 15 Setu awan, kanthi saben pertandingan diarani Premiership Live. Liga Premier disiarake dening SuperSport ing saindenging Afrika Sub-Sahara. == Jarak Saka Liga Kasta Liyane == Ana jurang sing tambah antara Liga Premier Inggris lan Liga Sepak Bola Inggris. Wiwit pisah karo Liga Sepakbola, akeh klub sing mantep ing Liga Premier nggawe kesenjangan karo rekane ing liga ngisor. Bentenane paling gedhe yaiku babagan hak televisi ing liga, akeh tim sing nembe dipromosekake angel ngindhari degradasi ing musim Liga Premier kaping pisanan. Ing saben musim kajaba 2001-2002, 2011–2012 lan 2017–2018, paling ora ana wong anyar Liga Premier sing mundur menyang Liga Sepakbola Inggris. Ing musim 1997–98, telung klub sing nembe entuk promosi, langsung mudhun ing pungkasan musim. Liga Premier nyebarke bagean saka pendapatan televisi menyang klub sing mundur saka liga kanthi bentuk "pembayaran parasut". Wiwit musim 2013-2014, pembayaran kasebut gunggunge luwih saka £ 60 yuta sajrone patang musim. Klub Liga Premier nampa pambayaran terpusat proporsional £ 2.4 milyar ing musim 2016-2017, kanthi tambahan solidaritas £ 343 yuta karo Liga Premier kanthi klub EFL. Sanajan dirancang kanggo mbantu tim nyetel penghasilan televisi sing ilang (rata-rata tim Liga Premier nampa £ 41 yuta nalika rata-rata klub Kejuaraan EFL mung nampa £ 2 yuta), pangritik negesake manawa jinis pembayaran kasebut pancen nambah kesenjangan ing antarane tim sing wis tekan Liga Premier lan sing durung entuk, nyebabake muncul tim sing "mundur" langsung sawise degradasi. Sawetara klub sing ora sukses promosi menyang Liga Premier, masalah finansial, kalebu ing sawetara kasus, administrasi utawa malah likuidasi dadi perkara sing ngganggu klub kasebut. Relegasi menyang liga sing luwih murah uga wis ndeleng sawetara klub ora bisa ngatasi kesenjangan kasebut. == Stadion == Ing musim 2017-2018, pertandingan Liga Premier wis dimainake ing 58 stadion wiwit dibentuk. Tragedi [[Hillsborough]] taun 1989 lan Laporan Taylor sing nderek nyaranake supaya penonton sing tetep kudu diilangi. Mula, kabeh stadion ing Liga Premier minangka stadion kursi. Wiwit dibentuk Liga Premier, lapangan bal-balan ing Inggris wis terus nambah kapasitas lan fasilitas, sawetara klub pindhah menyang stadion sing nembe dibangun. Sangang stadion sing tau dadi tuan rumah pertandingan Liga Premier saiki wis rusak. Stadion kanggo musim 2017-2018 nuduhake beda kapasitas. Contone, Stadion Wembley, markas dhasar Tottenham Hotspur, duwe kapasitas 90.000 dene Dean Pengadilan, markas Bournemouth, mung duwe kapasitas 11.360. Kapasitas gabungan stadion Liga Premier Premier 2017-18 yaiku 806.033 kanthi kapasitas rata-rata 40,302. Kehadiran stadion minangka sumber penghasilan rutin kanggo klub Liga Premier kanthi signifikan. Kanggo musim 2016–2017, rata-rata kehadiran pendukung tekan 35.838 kanthi total rawuh 13.618.596. Iki nuduhake kenaikan 14.712 saka rata-rata pamiarsa 21.196 sing kacathet ing musim pertama kompetisi. Nanging, ing musim 1992–93, kapasitas umume stadion dikurangi nalika klub kasebut ngganti teras sing digunakake para penonton kanggo ngadeg, kanthi kursi miturut tanggal pungkasan taun 1994–95 Laporan Taylor. Cathetan kanggo rata-rata rawuh ing musim 2007-2008 kanthi rekor 36,144. Cathetan iki banjur dikalahake ing musim 2013-2014 sing rata-rata ana 36.695 pamiarsa kanthi jumlah anggota kurang saka 14 yuta, yaiku rata-rata paling dhuwur ing divisi paling dhuwur ing Inggris wiwit taun 1950. Ing musim 2018-19, rata-rata kehadiran Liga Premier yaiku 38.181 saben pertandingan, paling dhuwur nomer loro sawise Bundesliga ing Jerman kanthi rekor 43.500 penonton saben pertandingan, kanthi total kehadiran ing kabeh pertandingan liga negara., kanthi gunggunge 14,508,981. == Manajer == Manajer ing Liga Premier melu lumaku saben dina, kalebu latihan, pamilihan tim lan tuku pemain. Pengaruh ing klub kasebut bisa beda-beda lan ana hubungane karo kepemilikan klub, uga hubungan manajer karo penggemar. Manajer kudu nduweni Lisensi UEFA Pro sing dadi kualifikasi pungkasan ing pelatihan, lan ngrampungake Lisensi UEFA 'B' lan 'A'. Lisensi UEFA Pro dibutuhake dening sapa wae sing pengin ngatur klub Liga Premier kanthi permanen (kayata luwih saka 12 minggu yaiku wektu sing diwenehake kanggo manajer karier sing ora memenuhi syarat). Pengangkatan manajer karier bisa ngatasi kesenjangan antara manajer sing nembe metu saka klub lan manajer anyar sing bakal teka. Sawetara manajer interim banjur dadi manajer permanen sawise nuduhake kinerja apik sajrone manajer interim, kalebu manajer Portsmouth Paul Hart lan manajer Tottenham Hotspur David Pleat. [[Arsène Wenger]] wis dadi manajer paling dawa, ngatur [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] ing Liga Premier wiwit taun 1996 nganti pensiun ing pungkasan musim 2017-2018, lan nyekel rekor minangka manajer kanthi game paling akeh ing Liga Premier kanthi 828 game kabeh dimainake kanggo Arsenal. Dheweke ngilangi rekor sing digawe dening Sir Alex Ferguson, sing nangani 810 game Manchester United wiwit didegake Liga Premier nganti pensiun ing pungkasan musim 2012-2013. Ferguson dhewe wis dadi MU wiwit Nopember 1986, yaiku limang musim Divisi Eague Sepakbola Liga lan 21 musim Liga Premier pertama. Sajrone musim 2019-2020, 6 manajer dipecat wiwit 28 Desember: Javi Gracia lan Quique Sánchez Flores saka Watford, [[Mauricio Pochettino]] saka Tottenham Hotspur, Unai Emery saka Arsenal, Marco Silva saka Everton, lan Manuel Pellegrini saka West Ham United. Ana sawetara riset babagan alasan lan efek saka manajer pemecatan. Riset sing paling misuwur ditindakake dening Profesor Sue Bridgewater saka Universitas Liverpool lan Dr. Bas ter Weel saka Universitas Amsterdam, sing nganakake rong studi kapisah kanggo nyoba nerangake statistik babagan pemecatan manajer. Riset Bridgewater nemokake manawa klub biasane ngeculake manajer sawise klub kasebut kalah rata-rata siji poin saben pertandingan. [[Barkas:Alex_Ferguson.jpg|jmpl|Mantan manajer Manchester United [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]] wis dadi manajer paling dawa lan sukses ing sejarah Liga Premier.]] {| class="wikitable" |+Manajer sing menang !Manajer !Klub !jumlah !Taun |- |{{flagicon|Skotlandia}} [[Alex Ferguson]] |Manchester United |13 |1992–1993, 1993–1994, 1995–1996, 1996–1997, 1998–1999, 1999–2000, 2000–2001, 2002–2003, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2010–2011, 2012–2013 |- |{{flagicon|Prancis}}[[Arsène Wenger]] |Arsenal | rowspan="2" |3 |1997–1998, 2001–2002, 2003–2004 |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}}[[José Mourinho]] |Chelsea |2004–2005, 2005–2006, 2014–2015 |- |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} [[Pep Guardiola]] |Manchester City |2 |2017–2018, 2018–2019 |- |{{flagicon|Skotlandia}} [[Kenny Dalglish]] |Blackburn Rovers | rowspan="7" |1 |1994–1995 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Carlo Ancelotti]] |Chelsea |2009–2010 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Roberto Mancini]] |Manchester City |2011–2012 |- |{{flagicon|Chili}}[[Manuel Pellegrini]] |Manchester City |2013–2014 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Claudio Ranieri]] |Leicester City |2015–2016 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}}[[Antonio Conte]] |Chelsea |2016–2017 |- |{{flagicon|Jerman}}[[Jürgen Klopp]] |Liverpool |2019–2020 |} {| class="wikitable" |+Manajer paling anyar !WN !Pelatih !Klub !Diangkat !Durasi |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Eddie Howe]] |[[Bournemouth]] |12 Oktober 2012 |8 tahun, 146 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Shandy Cheeks|Sean Dyche]] |[[Burnley]] |30 Oktober 2012 |8 tahun, 128 hari |- |{{flagicon|Jerman}} |[[Jürgen Klopp]] |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |8 Oktober 2015 |5 tahun, 150 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Chris Wilder]] |[[Sheffield United]] |12 Mei 2016 |4 tahun, 299 hari |- |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} |[[Pep Guardiola]] |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |1 Juli 2016 |4 tahun, 249 hari |- |{{flagicon|Jerman}} |[[Daniel Farke]] |[[Norwich City]] |25 Mei 2017 |3 tahun, 286 hari |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}} |[[Nuno Espírito Santo]] |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers]] |31 Mei 2017 |3 tahun, 280 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Roy Hodgson]] |[[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] |12 September 2017 |3 tahun, 176 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Dean Smith]] |[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] |10 Oktober 2018 |2 tahun, 148 hari |- |{{flagicon|Austria}} |[[Ralph Hasenhüttl]] |[[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] |5 Desember 2018 |2 tahun, 92 hari |- |{{flagicon|Nurwègen}} |[[Ole Gunnar Solskjær]] |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |19 Desember 2018 |2 tahun, 78 hari |- |{{flagicon|Irlandia Utara}} |[[Brendan Rodgers]] |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |26 Februari 2019 |2 tahun, 9 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Graham Potter]] |[[Brighton]] & [[Hove Albion]] |20 Mei 2019 |1 tahun, 291 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Frank Lampard]] |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |4 Juli 2019 |1 tahun, 246 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Steve Bruce]] |[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] |17 Juli 2019 |1 tahun, 233 hari |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}} |[[José Mourinho]] |[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] |20 November 2019 |1 tahun, 107 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Nigel Pearson]] |[[Watford]] |6 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 91 hari |- |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} |[[Mikèl Artéta|Mikel Arteta]] |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |20 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 77 hari |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} |[[Carlo Ancelotti]] |[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |21 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 76 hari |- |{{flagicon|Skotlandia}} |[[David Moyes]] |[[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] |29 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 68 hari |} == Pamuter == === Pemain manca lan aturan transfer === Ing wiwitan Liga Premier ing musim 1992-93, mung 11 pemain ing barisan wiwitan ing babak pertama pertandingan teka saka njaba Inggris utawa Irlandia. Ing taun 2000-2001, jumlah pemain asing sing melu Liga Premier tekan 36% saka total pemain. Ing musim 2004-2005, jumlah iki mundhak dadi 45%. Ing taun 2009, kurang saka 40% pemain ing Liga Premier minangka pemain lokal. Ing wulan Februari 2020, pemain saka 117 negara sing beda-beda wis main ing Liga Premier, ing ngendi pemain saka 101 warga negara wis ngetung gol. Nanggepi keprihatinan manawa klub bakal nggunakake pemain asing tinimbang pemain Inggris sing enom, ing taun 1999, Kantor Ngarep ngencengi aturane babagan menehi ijin kerja kanggo para pemain saka negara-negara ing sanjabane Uni Eropa. Pemain saka negara non-Uni Eropa sing ndhaptar lisensi, mesthine kudu main kanggo negarane paling ora 75 persen pertandingan kelas 'A' lan dipilih ing rong taun kepungkur, lan negarane kudu ana peringkat paling ora 70 ing Peringkat Dunia FIFA sajrone rong taun kepungkur. Yen pemain ora memenuhi kriteria kasebut, klub sing pengin nggawe kontrak karo pemain kasebut bisa ngajokake banding. {| class="wikitable" |+Penampilan terbanyak !Per !Pamuter !Katon |- |1 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Gareth Barry]] |553 |- |2 |{{flagicon|Wales}}[[Ryan Giggs]] |632 |- |3 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Frank Lampard]] |609 |- |4 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[David James]] |572 |- |5 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[James Milner]] |538 |- |6 |{{flagicon|Wales}}[[Gary Speed]] |535 |- |7 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Emile Heskey]] |516 |- |8 |{{flagicon|Australia}}[[Mark Schwarzer]] |514 |- |9 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Jamie Carragher]] |508 |- |10 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Phil Neville]] |505 |- | colspan="3" |''Ing tanggal 27 Juli 2020'' ''Miring: pemain sing isih main ing bal-balan profesional.'' ''Kandel: pemain isih main ing Premiership.'' |} Pemain mung bisa ditransfer sajrone wektu transfer sing ditemtokake dening The Football Association. Rong periode transfer diwiwiti saka dina pungkasan musim dadi 31 Agustus lan saka 31 Desember nganti 31 Januari. Registrasi pemain ora bisa diijolake ing njaba periode iki, kajaba lisensi khusus saka FA, sing umume diwenehake nalika darurat. Ing musim 2010-2011, Liga Premier ngenalake aturan anyar sing mbutuhake klub ndhaptar regu nganti 25 pemain sing umure 21 taun, sing mung bisa diganti sajrone transisi utawa ing kahanan sing luar biasa. Iki tujuane supaya bisa ngetrapake aturan "home grow", ing Liga Premier uga diwiwiti ing taun 2010 mbutuhake paling ora 8 saka 25 pemain yaiku "pemain lokal". ==== Gaji pamuter ==== Ora ana watesan gaji tim utawa individu ing Liga Premier. Minangka asil saka kesepakatan televisi sing saya nguntungake, gaji pemain mundhak banget sawise dibentuk Liga Premier nalika rata-rata gaji pemain yaiku 75.000 saben taun. Ing musim 2018-19, gaji tahunan rata-rata yaiku £ 2,99 yuta. Total gaji pemain sing dibayar dening 20 klub Liga Premier ing musim 2018-19 yaiku 1.62 milyar, luwih dhuwur tinimbang liga liyane ing Eropa, kayata La Liga (£ 1.05 milyar), Serie A (£ 0,83 milyar), The Bundesliga ( £ 0,72 milyar), lan Ligue 1 (£ 0,54 milyar). Klub kanthi gaji rata-rata paling dhuwur yaiku Manchester United kanthi £ 6,5 yuta. Nilai iki luwih murah tinimbang tim kanthi gaji paling dhuwur, kayata ing Spanyol (Barcelona £ 10,5 yuta) lan Italia (Juventus £ 6,7 juta), nanging luwih dhuwur tinimbang Jerman (Bayern Munich £ 6,4 yuta) lan Prancis (Paris Saint Germain £ 6,1 yuta). Rasio gaji ing antarane tim kanthi gaji paling murah nganti paling dhuwur ing Liga Premier yaiku 1 nganti 6,82. Angka iki luwih murah tinimbang liga liyane ing Eropa, yaiku Serie A (1 ing 16), La Liga (1 ing 19.1), Bundesliga (1 ing 20.5), lan Ligue 1 (1 ing 26.6). Amarga kesenjangan gaji sing kurang ing antarane tim ing Liga Premier, dianggep luwih kompetitif tinimbang liga divisi paling dhuwur ing negara-negara Eropa liyane. {| class="wikitable" |+Gaji rata-rata miturut klub ing musim 2018-2019 !Per. !Klub !Gaji |- |1 |Manchester United |£6.534.654 |- |2 |Manchester City |£5.993.000 |- |3 |Chelsea |£5.020.004 |- |4 |Liverpool |£4.862.963 |- |5 |Arsenal |£4.853.130 |- |6 |Tottenham |£3.515.778 |- |7 |Everton |£3.252.690 |- |8 |West Ham |£3.189.333 |- |9 |Crystal Palace |£2.757.000 |- |10 |Leicester |£2.710.710 |- |11 |Southampton |£2.669.333 |- |12 |Bournemouth |£1.989.520 |- |13 |Watford |£1.775.172 |- |14 |Wolves |£1.757.600 |- |15 |Fulham |£1.727.440 |- |16 |Brighton |£1.695.040 |- |17 |Newcastle |£1.650.133 |- |18 |Burnley |£1.603.197 |- |19 |Huddersfield |£1.238.000 |- |20 |Cardiff |£957.471 |} ===== Ragad transfer pamuter ===== Ragad transfer rekor kanggo pemain Liga Premier terus saya maju sajrone kompetisi. Sadurunge wiwitan musim Liga Premier pisanan, [[Alan Shearer]] dadi pemain Inggris pertama sing duwe biaya transfer luwih saka £ 3 yuta. Rekor kasebut terus meningkat lan [[Philippe Coutinho]] saiki dadi pemain transfer sing nglibatake klub Liga Premier Inggris kanthi rega £ 106 yuta. Ragad transfer paling gedhe sing dibayar dening klub Liga Premier yaiku £ 89 yuta kanggo Paul Pogba. {| class="wikitable" |+Ragad transfer paling dhuwur sing dibayar dening klub Liga Premier Inggris !Per !Pamuter !Gaji !Taun ! colspan="2" |Transfer !Referensi |- |1 |{{flagicon|Brasil}}[[Philippe Coutinho]] |£106 juta |2018 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Liverpool |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}Barcelona |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.football-italia.net/88963/official-pogba-man-utd-%E2%82%AC105m|title=Official: Pogba to Man Utd for €105m {{!}} Football Italia|website=www.football-italia.net|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref><ref name="manutd.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news|title=Man Utd News {{!}} Team news, injury updates, transfers, new signings|website=www.manutd.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37016170|title=Pogba rejoins Man Utd for record £89m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="espn.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/|title=Soccer Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN|website=ESPN.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> |- |2 |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}}[[Eden Hazard]] |£89 juta |2019 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Chelsea |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}Real Madrid |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49224905|title=Man Utd sign defender Maguire for £80m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Transferts-harry-maguire-le-defenseur-le-plus-cher-de-l-histoire-a-manchester-united-pour-six-ans/1046398|title=Transferts : Harry Maguire, le défenseur le plus cher de l'histoire, à Manchester United pour six ans|website=L'Équipe|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> |- |3 |{{flagicon|Wales}}[[Gareth Bale]] |£86 juta |2013 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Tottenham Hotspur |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}Real Madrid |<ref name="manutd.com"/><ref name="espn.com"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40550934|title=Man Utd sign Everton's Lukaku for £75m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/07/10/romelu-lukaku-completes-75m-manchester-united-move/|title=Romelu Lukaku completes Manchester United move in deal that could reach world record £90m|last=Ducker|first=James|date=2017-07-10|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |4 |{{flagicon|Portugal}}[[Cristiano Ronaldo]] |£80 juta |2009 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42496637|title=Van Dijk to join Liverpool for £75m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Harry Maguire]] |£80 juta |2019 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Leicester City |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49197553|title=Arsenal confirm winger Pepe signing|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |6 |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}}[[Romelu Lukaku]] |£75 juta |2017 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Everton |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/2018/8/8/kepa-arrives-at-chelsea|title=Kepa arrives at Chelsea {{!}} Official Site {{!}} Chelsea Football Club|website=ChelseaFC|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Uruguay}}[[Luis Suárez]] |£75 juta |2014 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Liverpool |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}[[Barcelona]] |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841|title=Man City agree £62.8m Rodri signing|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Belanda}}[[Virgil van Dijk]] |£75 juta |2018 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Southampton |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Liverpool | |- |9 |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}}[[Romelu Lukaku]] |£74 juta |2019 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |{{flagicon|Italia}}[[Inter Milan]] | |- |10 |{{flagicon|Aljazair}}[[Riyad Mahrez]] |£60 juta |2018 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Leicester City |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester City | |} ===== Skor paling dhuwur ===== [[Barkas:Alan_Shearer_2008.jpg|jmpl|Alan Shearer adalah pencetak gol terbanyak dalam sejarah Liga Utama Inggris.]] {| class="wikitable" |+''Per 19 Februari 2020'' !Per !Pamuter !Taun !Gol !Katon !Rasio |- |1 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Alan Shearer]] |1992–2006 |260 |441 |0.59 |- |2 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Wayne Rooney]] |2002–2018 |208 |491 |0.42 |- |3 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Andy Cole]] |1992–2008 |187 |414 |0.45 |- |4 |{{flagicon|Argentina}}[[Sergio Agüero]] |2011– |180 |259 |0.69 |- |5 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Frank Lampard]] |1995–2015 |177 |609 |0.29 |- |6 |{{flagicon|Italia}}[[Thierry Henry]] |1999–2007, 2012 |175 |258 |0.68 |- |7 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Robbie Fowler]] |1993–2009 |163 |379 |0.43 |- |8 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Jermain Defoe]] |2001–2003, 2004–2014, 2015–2019 |162 |496 |0.33 |- |9 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Michael Owen]] |1996–2004, 2005–13 |150 |326 |0.46 |- |10 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Les Ferdinand]] |1992–2005 |149 |351 |0.42 |} Penghargaan Shoe Golden dianugerahi pencetak gol utama Liga Premier ing saben musim. Mantan Blackburn Rovers lan pemain Newcastle United Alan Shearer nyekel rekor kanggo top scorer kanthi 260 gol. 28 pemain wis ngetung 100 gol utawa luwih. Wiwit musim Liga Premier kaping pisanan, 14 pemain saka 10 klub menang utawa nuduhake gelar top scorer. Thierry Henry menang gelar kaping papat kanthi nyetak 27 gol ing musim 2005-2006. Andrew Cole (Newcastle United) lan Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers) nyekel rekor paling gol sing dicetak ing sawijining musim, kanthi 34 gol. Manchester United Ryan Giggs nyekel rekor minangka pencetak gol ing musim berturut-turut, sawise ngetung 21 gol ing musim pertama liga. == Penghargaan == [[Barkas:GoldInvinciblesTrophy.jpg|jmpl|Piala Liga Premier digawe saka emas dianugerahi Arsenal sawise menang musim 2003-2004 tanpa kalah]] === Piala === Liga Premier Inggris njaga rong tropi, yaiku piala asli (dicekel juara bertahan) lan replika cadangan. Rong trofi disiapake yen rong klub bisa menang Liga ing dina pungkasan musim iki. Ing acara langka sing luwih saka rong klub saingan kanggo judhul ing dina pungkasan musim iki, replika sing dimenangake dening klub sadurunge bakal digunakake. Trofi Liga Premier paling anyar digawe dening Royal Jewelers Asprey saka London. Piala kasebut kalebu tropi kanthi mahkota emas lan plunggu tembaga. Massa dhasar tekan 33 pon (15&nbsp;kg) lan piala kasebut dhewe duwe jisim 22 pon (10,0&nbsp;kg). Cangkir lan pangkalan dawane 76&nbsp;cm (30&nbsp;in), jembaré 43&nbsp;cm (17&nbsp;in), lan jerone 25&nbsp;cm (9,8 inci). Awak utama piala kasebut yaiku perak salaka lan perak sing dipasang, nanging dhasar digawe saka lazyite, watu semi larang regane. Tapak sikil duwe bandage perak ing saubengé, lan jeneng-jeneng klub sing menang judhule ditulis. Werna ijo malas uga nggambarake lapangan main ijo. Desain piala adhedhasar lambang Tiga Singa sing ana gandhengane karo bal-balan Inggris. Loro singa diselehake ing genggaman ing sisih loro piala, lan sing nomer telu dilambangake karo kapten tim sing menang judhul nalika ngangkat trofi, lan mahkota emas, diluncurake ing pungkasan musim. Werna pita sing digantung ing gagang nggambarake warna tim juara liga taun kasebut. Ing taun 2004, piala emas khusus digawe kanggo ngelingi kemenangan Arsenal tanpa kalah siji. ==== Penghargaan pamuter lan manajer ==== Saliyane piala sing diwenehake menyang klub lan uga medali kanggo individu saka klub sing menang musim, Liga Premier uga wis menehi sawetara penghargaan ing musim iki. Pemain paling apik ing pertandingan kasebut (pemain paling apik) dianugerahi pemain sing duwe efek positif paling gedhe ing sawijining pertandingan. Uga ana penghargaan liyane saben wulan, diwenehake kanggo manajer lan pemain, uga pilihan target sing paling apik. Penghargaan kasebut uga diwenehake saben taun kanggo manajer, pemain, lan target paling apik ing musim iki. The Golden Shoe Award dianugerahi pencetak gol terbanyak saben musim. Penghargaan kasebut uga diwenehake kanggo pemain sing wis mbantu paling akeh, sing diarani playmaker. Penghargaan Sarung Tangan Emas diwenehake menyang [[kiper]] sing paling ora ngakoni. Wiwit musim 2017-2018, para pemain uga nampa penghargaan kanggo tampil ing 100 pertandingan lan saben abad sabanjure. Penghargaan uga diwenehake kanggo pemain sing wis ngetung 50 gol lan gandaan. Saben pemain sing wis nggayuh tonggak sejarah iki bakal nampa kothak sing ngemot medali khusus lan plakat minangka tandha apresiasi marang prestasine. ===== Penghargaan 20 Musim ===== Ing 2012, Liga Premier ngrayakake dasawarsa kaping pindho kanthi dadi 20 Seasons Award. * Tim fantasi ing 20 musim ** '''Pilihan Panel:''' Peter Schmeichel, [[Gary Neville]], [[Tony Adams]], [[Rio Ferdinand]], [[Ashley Cole]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Roy Keane]], [[Paul Scholes]], Ryan Giggs, Thierry Henry, Alan Shearer ** Pilihan Umum: [[Peter Schmeichel]], Gary Neville, Tony Adams, [[Nemanja Vidić]], Ashley Cole, Cristiano Ronaldo, Steven Gerrard, Paul Scholes, [[Ryan Giggs]], Thierry Henry, Alan Shearer ** Manajer paling apik: Sir [[Alex Ferguson]] ** Pamuter paling apik: [[Ryan Giggs]] ** Paling katon: [[Gareth Barry]] (652) ** Skor paling dhuwur: [[Alan Shearer]] (260) ** Umume gol kebobolan: [[David James]] (173) ** Klub 500: [[Steven Gerrard]], [[Jamie Carragher]], [[Gareth Barry]], [[Ryan Giggs]], [[David James]], [[Gary Speed]], [[Frank Lampard]], [[Emile Heskey]] lan [[Sol Campbell]]. ** Tujuan Paling Apik: [[Wayne Rooney]], 12 Februari 2011, Man. United vs Manungsa. Kutha ** Simpen paling apik: [[Craig Gordon]], 18 Desember 2010, [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] vs [[Boston|Bolton]] ** Tim Taun: Arsenal 2003-2004. == Referensi == <references /> to7tupy14jld3fr8zw6o1vqosig19th 1752740 1752739 2026-08-17T03:29:11Z Rachmat04 17468 Membalikkan [[Special:Diff/1727936/1752739|suntingan]] oleh Agbm7 ke revisi sebelumnya oleh InternetArchiveBot · [[w:id:Pengguna:Rachmat04/Tengu.js|⛩️]] 1752740 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" cellspacing="5" style="width: 28em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.2em" |+ class="fn" style="font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center;" |[[Barkas:Premier_league_text_logo.png|pus|nirbing|Liga Premier Inggris]] ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Negara | colspan="3" class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[:id:Inggris|Inggris]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Konfederasi | colspan="3" class="birthplace" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Uni Sepak Bola Eropa|UEFA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Kabentuk | colspan="3" class="" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |20 Februari 1992 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Cacahing tim | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |20 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Tingkat ing piramida | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |1 |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Diturunake menyang | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Kejuaraan EFL|Kejuaraan EFL]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Piala domestik | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Piala FA|Piala FA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Community Shield FA|Community Shield FA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Piala Liga | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Piala EFL|Piala EFL]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Piala Internasional | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Liga Champions UEFA|Liga Champions UEFA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Liga Eropa UEFA|Liga Eropa UEFA]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Juara bertahan | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |([[:id:Liga Utama Inggris 2019–2020|2019-2020]]) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Klub sing paling sukses | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (13 gelar) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Paling katon | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Gareth Barry|Gareth Barry]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |(653) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Skor paling dhuwur | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Alan Shearer|Alan Shearer]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |(260) |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Stasiun televisi | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:id:Sky Sports|Sky Sports]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" | | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[[:en:BT Sport|BT Sport]] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Situs web | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[https://www.premierleague.com/matchweek/5690/blog premierleague.com] |- ! style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left" |Situs Alternatif | colspan="3" class="role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline" |[https://rajabola24jam.net/ rajabola24jam.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228153421/http://rajabola24jam.net/ |date=2021-02-28 }} |- | colspan="4" class="" style="text-align:center; color:darkslategray; font-size:95%" | |} '''Liga Utama Inggris''' utawa '''Liga Premier Inggris'''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga_Premier|title=Liga Premier Inggris}}</ref> (Inggris: Liga Premier Inggris, EPL) minangka liga paling dhuwur ing sistem liga sepak bola ing Inggris. Kompetisi iki dirawuhi 20 klub, liga iki ngetrapake sistem promosi lan degradasi karo [[:id:English Football League|English Football League]] (EFL). Liga Premier minangka perusahaan sing dadi klub sing melu liga dadi pemegang saham. Musim kasebut diwiwiti saka wulan Agustus nganti Mei, kanthi saben tim main 38 game, kanthi 19 game ing omah lan 19 pertandingan tandang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/observer/osm/story/0,,626773,00.html|title=United (versus Liverpool) Nations {{!}} Sport {{!}} The Observer|website=www.theguardian.com|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Kompetisi kasebut didegake kanthi jeneng awal Liga Premier FA (FA Liga Premier Inggris) tanggal 20 Februari 1992 sawise sawetara klub sing melu [[:id:Divisi Pertama Liga Inggris|Divisi Pertama Liga Premier]] mutusake pisah karo liga sing didegake ing taun 1888, lan njupuk kauntungan saka perjanjian hak televisi sing digawe ing taun 1888. dianggep duwe bathi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jun/13/premier-league-tv-rights-3-billion-sky-bt|title=Premier League lands £3bn TV rights bonanza from Sky and BT|date=2012-06-13|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Kesepakatan kasebut regane £ 1 milyar [[:id:Pound sterling|poundsterling]] musim 2013–2014, sajrone Sky lan BT Group dadi pemegang hak domestik kanggo nyiarkan 116 lan 38 pertandingan. 22 klub main ing musim pertama liga.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-11-11/top-soccer-leagues-get-25-rise-in-tv-rights-sales-report-says|title=Top Soccer Leagues Get 25% Rise in TV Rights Sales, Report Says|date=2013-11-11|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en}}</ref> Liga iki ngasilake £ 2.2 milyar saben taun minangka asil saka hak penyiaran domestik lan internasional. Liga kasebut minangka liga olahraga sing paling ditonton ing saindenging jagad, disiarake ing 212 wilayah menyang 643 yuta pamirsa ing omah lan calon pamirsa 4,7 milyar. Mayoritas stadion kasebut meh kebak kapasitas. Liga Premier rangking nomer loro ing koefisien Liga UEFA<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/history-and-time-are-key-to-power-of-football-says-premier-league-chief-3d3zf5kb35m|title=History and time are key to power of football, says Premier League chief|last=Ebner|first=Sarah|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en|issn=0140-0460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britishcouncil.org/research-policy-insight/insight-articles/playing-game-soft-power-sport|title=Playing the game: The soft power of sport {{!}} British Council|website=www.britishcouncil.org|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2021-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210207165401/https://www.britishcouncil.org/research-policy-insight/insight-articles/playing-game-soft-power-sport|url-status=dead}}</ref> adhedhasar prestasi ing kompetisi Eropa<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11095/9915096/hold-hold-hold-hold|title=Your ground's too big for you! Which stadiums were closest to capacity in England last season?|website=Sky Sports|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> ing limang musim pungkasan ing taun 2019, ing sangisore Spanyol La Liga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/#/yr/2018|title=Country coefficients {{!}} UEFA Coefficients|last=UEFA.com|website=UEFA.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> 49 tim wis main sajrone kampanye kasebut, ing endi 47 klub adhedhasar ing Inggris lan 2 klub saka [[:id:Wales|Wales]], nggawe liga kasebut dadi kompetisi lintas batas. Nenem tim menang gelar, yaiku: [[:id:Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] (13), [[:id:Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] (5), [[:id:Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] (4), [[:id:Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] (3), [[:id:Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] (1), [[:id:Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] (1) lan [[:id:Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] (1). == Sejarah == === Latar mburi === Sanajan sawetara klub bisa nggayuh sukses ing papan Eropa ing taun 1970-an lan wiwitan taun 1980an, pungkasan taun 1980-an nandheske titik kurang ing jagad bal-balan Inggris. Stadion rusak, fasilitas pendukung sing ora apik, [[:id:Hooliganisme sepak bola|hooligan]] sing akeh lan larangan limang taun kanggo klub Inggris saka kompetisi Eropa sawise Tragedi Heysel ing taun 1985. [[:id:Divisi Pertama Liga Inggris|Divisi Pertama]], liga bal-balan tingkat paling dhuwur ing bal-balan Inggris sing didegake ing taun 1888, dadi salah sawijining liga liyane, kayata Serie A ing Italia utawa [[LaLiga|La Liga]] Spanyol, loro saka segi penghasilan lan kehadiran, uga migrasi ndhuwur Pemain Inggris ing luar negeri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.premierleague.com/page/History/0,,12306,00.html|title=Official Site of the Premier League {{!}} Premier League {{!}} History {{!}} A History of The Premier League|date=2011-11-18|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2011-11-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118121453/http://www.premierleague.com/page/History/0,,12306,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ing taun 1990-an, tren wiwit ganti, ing [[:id:Piala Dunia FIFA 1990|Piala Dunia FIFA 1990]], [[:id:Tim nasional sepak bola Inggris|timnas Inggris]] tekan semifinal lan UEFA ngangkat larangan lima taun ing klub Inggris saka main ing kompetisi Eropa ing taun 1990, saengga [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] bisa ngangkat Piala. Pemenang [[Uni Bal-balan Éropa|UEFA]] ing taun 1991. Laporan Taylor babagan standar safety stadion diterbitake ing wulan Januari 1991, ing laporan kasebut usul ningkatake kualitas stadion kanthi nggawe kabeh stadion lungguh, mula biayane cukup akeh. Iki ana gandhengane karo Tragedi Hillsborough sing kedadeyan tanggal 15 April 1989.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.footballnetwork.org/dev/communityfootball/violence_taylor_report.asp|title=The Taylor Report|date=2006-10-16|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2006-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016222436/http://www.footballnetwork.org/dev/communityfootball/violence_taylor_report.asp|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> Ing taun 1980-an, klub-klub Inggris utama wis wiwit malih dadi usaha bisnis kanthi ngetrapake prinsip komersial marang administrasi klub supaya bisa nggedhekake penghasilan. Martin Edwards saka Manchester United, Irving Scholar [[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]], lan David Dein saka [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] kalebu pimpinan transformasi kasebut.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=YZ6MAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA342&lpg=PA342&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Association Game: A History of British Football|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|date=2013-10-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-87008-1|language=en}}</ref> Iki nyebabake klub-klub paling dhuwur ngupaya nambah kekuwatan, saengga klub-klub sing main ing Divisi Satu ngancam bakal ninggalake Liga Sepakbola kanggo nambah kekuwatan suara lan ngatur finansial kanthi luwih nguntungake kanthi njupuk 50% pangasilan saka kabeh televisi lan penghasilan sponsor ing taun 1986 . Dheweke nuntut supaya perusahaan televisi mbayar luwih akeh kanggo jangkoan pertandingan,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=YZ6MAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA343&lpg=PA343&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Association Game: A History of British Football|last=Taylor|first=Matthew|date=2013-10-18|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-87008-1|language=en}}</ref> lan bathi televisi dadi saya penting nalika [[:id:Liga Sepak bola Inggris|The Footbal League]] nampa £ 6.3 yuta kanggo perjanjian rong taun ing taun 1986, nanging ing kesepakatan gabungan ITV ing taun 1988. rega mundhak banget nganti £ 44 yuta sajrone suwene patang taun, sajrone klub-klub paling dhuwur njupuk 75% saka penghasilan. Ing negosiasi kasebut,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.le.ac.uk/sociology/css/resources/factsheets/fs8.html|title=British Football on Television: Centre for the Sociology of Sport, Department of Sociology, University of Leicester|date=2011-06-06|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=2011-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606080220/http://www.le.ac.uk/sociology/css/resources/factsheets/fs8.html|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> saben klub Divisi Pertama nampa udakara £ 25,000 saben taun kanggo hak televisi sadurunge taun 1986 lan iki mundhak udakara kaping pindho luwih akeh nalika negosiasi ing taun 1986, lan mundhak dadi 600.000 poundsterling ing taun 1988. Rembugan ing taun 1988 ditindakake kanthi ancaman saka sepuluh klub sing ngrencanakake bakal ninggalake liga kanggo mbentuk "liga super", nanging dheweke dibujuk tetep ing liga, nanging banjur entuk bathi gedhe. Rundingan kasebut uga nggawe percoyo marang klub-klub gedhe yen kanggo entuk jumlah suara sing cukup, dheweke butuh kabeh Divisi Pertama lan ora duwe "liga super" sing luwih cilik. Ing wiwitan taun 1990-an, klub-klub gedhe kasebut wiwit budhal, amarga nalika semana dheweke kudu menehi dana kanggo ngrampungake stadion, kaya sing disaranake ing Laporan Taylor. ==== kawangun ==== Ing taun 1990, direktur ngatur London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, ketemu karo perwakilan saka limang klub sepak bola utama ing Inggris (Manchester United, Liverpool, Tottenham, Everton lan Arsenal) nalika nedha bengi. Rapat kasebut kanggo mbukak dalan supaya dheweke bisa lunga saka Liga Sepakbola. Dyke percaya yen bakal luwih nguntungake LWT yen klub-klub gedhe ditampilake ing televisi nasional lan dheweke kepengin ngerti manawa klub kasebut bakal kepincut karo pangasilan hak televisi sing luwih gedhe. Lima klub kasebut setuju karo saran kasebut lan mutusake kanggo nerusake, sanajan liga kasebut ora bakal duwe kapercayan tanpa dhukungan saka Asosiasi Sepak Bola, mula David Dein saka Arsenal lagi ngobrol yen FA bisa nampa ide kasebut. FA ora duwe hubungan sing apik banget karo Liga Sepakbola nalika semana, lan dianggep minangka cara kanggo nyuda posisi Liga Sepakbola. FA ngluncurake laporan ing wulan Juni 1991, Blueprint for the Future of Football, sing nyengkuyung rencana kanggo Premiership kanthi FA minangka panguwasa paling dhuwur kanggo ngawasi liga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/from-the-archive-blog/2012/feb/02/20-years-premier-league-football-1992|title=Premier League football at 20: 1992, the start of a whole new ball game|date=2012-02-02|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Ing pungkasan musim 1991, proposal diajukake, kanthi tujuan nggawe liga anyar sing bakal nyedhiyakake luwih akeh dhuwit ing game kasebut. Perjanjian pendiri (Perjanjian Anggota Pendhiri) ditandatangani tanggal 17 Juli 1991 dening klub paling dhuwur sing menehi dhasar kanggo persiapan Liga Premier FA (FA Premier League). Divisi level paling anyar sing mentas dibentuk duwe independen komersial independen saka The Football Association lan Liga Sepakbola, saengga liga bisa negosiasi hak siaran lan penawaran sponsor dhewe. Argumentasi sing diwenehake nalika semana minangka penghasilan tambahan sing ngidini klub Inggris bisa bersaing karo klub liyane ing Eropa. Sanajan Dyke duwe peran penting ing tatanan liga, Dyke lan ITV kelangan nominasi kanggo hak siaran sawise BSkyB menang tawaran kasebut udakara 304 yuta sajrone limang taun, bareng karo [[:id:BBC|BBC]] berhak nyiarake cuplikan ringkes ing Match of the Day ing kala wau.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/football/david-conn-inside-sport-blog/2013/sep/04/greg-dyke-premier-league-history|title=Greg Dyke seems to forget his role in the Premier League's formation {{!}} David Conn|date=2013-09-04|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Ing taun 1992, klub Divisi Pertama mundur akeh saka Liga Sepakbola, lan tanggal 27 Mei 1992, Liga Premier FA didegake minangka perusahaan tanggung jawab winates sing makarya ing njaba markas FA ing Lancaster Gate. Iki minangka pamisahan Liga Sepak Bola sing wis lumaku 104 taun kanthi patang divisi, dene Liga Premier mung duwe siji divisi lan Liga Sepakbola banjur lumaku bareng telu. Ora ana pangowahan format kompetisi, kanthi jumlah tim sing padha main ing level paling dhuwur, lan sistem promosi lan degradasi antarane Premiership lan Divisi Pertama sing anyar tetep padha karo antarane Divisi Pertama lan Kapindho. , ing endi ana telung tim sing mundur lan telu uga mundur. tim kasebut dipromosikan menyang level sing luwih dhuwur. Musim kaping pisanan liga yaiku edhisi 1992–1993 sing dirawuhi dening 22 klub. Gol kaping pisanan dicetak dening Brian Deane saka Sheffield United nalika ngalahake Manchester United 2-1. 22 anggota Liga Premier sing pertama, yaiku: [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]], [[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]], [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]], [[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]], [[Coventry City]], [[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]], Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest , Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur lan Wimbledon. Luton Town, Notts County lan West Ham United minangka telung tim sing mudhun saka Divisi Pertama sing lawas lan ora melu edhisi pisanan iki.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.kh/books?id=HUFeEjq4hZkC&pg=PT18&redir_esc=y|title=Glory, Goals and Greed: Twenty Years of the Premier League|last=Lovejoy|first=Joe|date=2011-08-04|publisher=Random House|isbn=978-1-78057-144-7|language=en}}</ref> ===== Dominasi Papat Besar ===== Salah sawijining pinunjul saka Premiership ing pertengahan taun 2000an yaiku dominasi sing diarani Papat Besar: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool lan [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/|title=The Times & The Sunday Times|website=www.thetimes.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Sajrone dasawarsa iki, dheweke nguwasani patang papan paling dhuwur, kanthi kualifikasi Liga Champions UEFA, njupuk kabeh papat posisi teratas ing 5 saka 6 musim wiwit 2003-2004 nganti 2008-2009, nalika saben musim sajrone taun 2000-an ndeleng "Big "tim. Papat" mesthi lolos ing kompetisi Eropa. Sawise musim 2003-2004, Arsenal entuk julukan "The Invincible" amarga dheweke dadi klub pertama sing ngrampungake musim Premiership tanpa dikalahake ing sawijining pertandingan, sing mung kedadeyan sepisan ing Premiership.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/eng_prem/3696197.stm|title=Arsenal make history|date=2004-05-15|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/news/arsenal-invincibles-how-wengers-2003-04-gunners-went-a/1xkm3tgyvsbjj1wzrewhqz0liu|title=Arsenal Invincibles: How Wenger's 2003-04 Gunners went a season without defeat {{!}} Goal.com|website=www.goal.com|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Sajrone taun 2000an, mung papat tim ing njaba Papat Besar sing mara ing Liga Champions: [[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]] (1999-2000), Newcastle United (2001-2002 lan 2002-2003), Everton (2004-2005), lan Tottenham Hotspur (2009–2010), ing papan kasebut ngisi papan pungkasan Liga Champions, kajaba Newcastle ing musim 2002-2003, sing menang nomer telu. Ing wulan Mei 2008, Kevin Keegan mratelakake manawa dominasi Papat Besar ngancam liga, "Liga iki diancam bahaya dadi salah sawijining liga sing paling mboseni nanging hebat ing donya."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/teams/n/newcastle_united/7384247.stm|title=Power of top four concerns Keegan|date=2008-05-06|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kepala eksekutif Liga Premier Richard Scudamore ujar. ing pertahanan: "Ana akeh pergolakan sing kedadeyan ing Premiership gumantung manawa sampeyan ana ing sisih ndhuwur, tengah utawa ngisor sing nggawe menarik." Saka 2005 nganti 2012, ana entri Liga Premier ing pitung saka wolu final [[Liga Champions UEFA|Liga Champions]], kanthi mung klub Papat Besar sing tekan tahap kasebut. Liverpool (2005), Manchester United (2008) lan Chelsea (2012) menang kompetisi sajrone periode kasebut, dene Arsenal (2006), Liverpool (2007), Chelsea (2008) lan Manchester United (2009 lan 2011) kalah ing Liga Champions pungkasan. Leeds United minangka siji-sijine tim Papat Besar sing entuk semi-final Liga Champions, ing musim 2000-2001. Kajaba iku, ing antarane musim 1999-2000 lan 2009-10, papat tim Liga Premier entuk Piala UEFA utawa final Liga Europa, kajaba Liverpool sing menang kompetisi ing taun 2001. Arsenal (2000), Middlesbrough (2006), lan Fulham (2010) kabeh kalah ing final. Sanajan dominasi grup kasebut surut sawise periode iki kanthi munculé Manchester City lan Tottenham, ing babagan poin menang Liga Premier ing salawas-lawase, dheweke tetep ndhisiki sawetara prabédan. Ing pungkasan musim 2018-2019 yaiku musim kaping 27, Liverpool, sing ana ing urutan nomer papat ing tabel poin kabeh-wektu, ana 250 poin sadurunge tim sabanjure, Tottenham Hotspur. Dheweke uga dadi siji-sijine tim sing njaga rata-rata kemenangan luwih saka 50% sajrone penampilan Liga Premier. ====== Nenem Gedhe Katon ====== Taun-taun sabanjure taun 2009 ditandhani pangowahan struktur "Papat besar" kanthi Tottenham Hotspur lan [[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] kalorone lumebu ing papat papan teratas kanthi rutin, ngowahi "Papat besar" dadi Nenem Gedhe Katon<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/sport/changing-dynamics-of-the-big-six-in-premier-league-title-race-1.422581|title=Changing dynamics of the 'Big Six' in Premier League title race|date=2011-08-11|website=The National|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref>. Ing musim 2009-10, Tottenham menang kaping papat lan dadi tim pertama sing menang papat wiwit Everton limang taun sadurunge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/tottenham-hotspur/7907619/Champions-League-defeat-could-ruin-Tottenhams-season-says-Vedran-Corluka.html|title=Champions League defeat could ruin Tottenham's season says Vedran Corluka|website=The Telegraph|language=en-GB|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Nanging, kritik babagan kesenjangan ing antarane klompok elit "klub super" lan mayoritas Premiership terus, amarga tambah kemampuane mbuwang luwih akeh tinimbang klub Liga Premier liyane.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/14844717|title=Gap is widening at top - McLeish|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> Manchester City menang gelar kasebut ing musim 2011-2012, dadi klub pertama ing njaba "papat besar" sing menang wiwit [[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] ing musim 1994-95. Musim kasebut uga ndeleng loro "papat besar" (Chelsea lan [[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]) ngrampungake ing njaba patang papan kaping pisanan kanggo musim kasebut. Mung ana patang kualifikasi [[Liga Champions UEFA]] sing kasedhiya ing liga, saiki ana kompetisi kanggo kualifikasi luwih gedhe, sanajan saka enem klub sempit. Yen tim padha kanthi poin lan bedane gol sing padha, play-off kanggo papan Liga Champions UEFA bakal dimainake kanthi netral. Ing limang musim sabanjure sawise kampanye 2011–2012, Manchester United lan Liverpool loro-lorone wis metu ing ndhuwur papat kaping telu nalika Chelsea dadi 10 ing musim 2015-16. Arsenal rampung kaping 5 ing taun 2016–2017, mungkasi rekor kasebut kanthi 20 final ndhuwur-papat berturut-turut.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/premier-league/arsenal-secure-top-four-finish-20th-straight-season-qualify-champions-league-after-manchester-united-defeat-a7024176.html|title=Arsenal have just done something for the 20th consecutive year|date=2016-05-12|website=The Independent|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> Ing musim 2015-16, papat nomer papat ditembus dening tim non-Top Nenem wiwit kaping pisanan wiwit Everton ing taun 2005. Leicester City minangka pemenang liga kejutan, kualifikasi minangka asil saka Liga Champions. Rekor nilai paling dhuwur ing sawijining musim dicapai dening Manchester City kanthi 100 poin ing musim 2017-2018. Ing lapangan kasebut, Nenem Gedhe Katon duwe kekuwatan lan pengaruh finansial sing signifikan, kanthi klub kasebut negesake yen kudu entuk pangasilan sing luwih gedhe amarga saka klub sing luwih gedhe global lan bal-balan sing pengin diputer. Bantahan negesake manawa struktur penghasilan egaliter ing Premiership mbantu njaga liga kompetitif sing penting kanggo sukses mbesuke. Laporan Liga Bola Sepak Deloitte 2016-2017 nuduhake beda finansial antara Nenem Gedhe Katon lan bagean liyane. Kabeh tim Nenem Gedhe Katon duwe bathi luwih saka € 350 yuta, kanthi Manchester United duwe bathi paling gedhe ing liga ing € 676,3 yuta. [[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] minangka klub paling cedhak karo Nenem Gedhe Katon ing babagan penghasilan, ngrekam angka € 271,1 yuta kanggo musim kasebut - dibantu partisipasi ing Liga Champions. Generator penghasilan paling gedhe nomer wolu paling West Ham, sing ora main ing kompetisi Eropa, duwe bathi € 213,3 yuta, meh setengah saka klub kasebut kanthi penghasilan kaping lima paling gedhe, Liverpool (€ 424,2 yuta). Umume penghasilan klub kasebut wiwit saka transaksi televisi siaran, kanthi klub paling gedhe saben kira-kira £ 150 yuta nganti meh 200 juta ing musim 2016-2017 saka transaksi kasebut. Ing laporan Deloitte taun 2019, kabeh "Enem Top" ana ing sepuluh klub paling terkenal ing donya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/10/02/changing-shape-premier-league-big-six-pulling-away/|title=The changing shape of the Premier League: how the 'big six' are pulling away|last=Tweedale|first=Alistair|date=2017-10-02|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> ====== Pangembangan ====== Jumlah klub dikurangi dadi 20, mudhun saka 22, ing 1995 nalika patang tim mudhun saka liga lan mung loro sing dipromosekake. Liga divisi paling dhuwur mung ngemot 22 tim ing wiwitan musim 1991–92 yaiku taun sadurunge pembentukan Premiership. Tanggal 8 Juni 2006, FIFA njaluk kabeh peserta ing liga utama Eropa, kalebu Serie A Italia lan La Liga Spanyol, dikurangi dadi 18 tim ing wiwitan musim 2007-2008. Liga Premier nanggapi kanthi ngumumake niat nolak pengurangan kasebut. Pungkasane, musim 2007-2008 diwiwiti maneh kanthi 20 tim. Liga iki ganti jeneng saka Liga Premier FA dadi Liga Premier Inggris ing taun 2007. == Struktur Perusahaan == [[:id:The Football Association|Football Association Premier]] League Ltd (FAPL) mbukak minangka perusahaan lan diduweni dening 20 klub anggota. Saben klub minangka pemegang saham, kanthi saben tim duwe swara babagan masalah kayata pangowahan aturan lan kontrak. Klub kasebut milih ketua, kepala eksekutif, lan dewan direksi kanggo ngawasi operasional liga saben dina. Asosiasi Sepak Bola ora melu langsung ing operasi saben dina kompetisi kasebut, nanging duwe kekuwatan veto minangka pemegang saham khusus nalika pemilihan dadi ketua lan kepala eksekutif lan nalika ana aturan anyar sing ditindakake dening liga. Ketua saiki yaiku Sir Dave Richards, sing ditunjuk ing wulan April 1999, lan kepala eksekutif yaiku [[Richard Scudamore]] sing diangkat tanggal November 1999. Mantan ketua lan kepala eksekutif, John Quinton lan Peter Leaver, dipeksa mundur ing wulan Maret 1999 sawise menehi kontrak konsultasi karo mantan eksekutif Sky Sam Chisholm lan David Chance. Rick Parry minangka kepala eksekutif liga kaping pisanan. Ing tanggal 13 November 2018, Susanna Dinnage diumumake minangka penerus Scudamore, sing jabatan wiwit awal 2019. Liga Premier ngirim perwakilan menyang Asosiasi Klub [[Éropa|Eropa]] UEFA, jumlah klub lan klub sing dipilih nuduhake koefisien UEFA. Kanggo musim 2012-2013, Liga Premier duwe 10 wakil ing asosiasi kasebut, yaiku: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United lan Tottenham Hotspur. Asosiasi Klub Eropa tanggung jawab milih telung anggota menyang Komite Kompetisi Klub UEFA, sing melu tumindak kompetisi UEFA kayata Liga Champions lan Liga Europa. == Format sayembara == === Kompetisi === Ana 20 klub sing main ing [[:id:Liga Utama Inggris|Liga Premier Inggris]]. Sajrone sawijining mangsa (wiwit wulan Agustus nganti Mei) saben klub main lawane ing rong pertandingan (sistem putaran-robin kaping pindho), ing endi pertandingan siji dimainake, dene pertandingan liyane dimainake ing markas mungsuh (adoh). . Tim sing menang pertandingan kasebut entuk telung poin, dene tim sing kalah ora entuk poin. Yen pertandingan kasebut menang, loro tim entuk 1 poin. Peringkat klub diurutake miturut total poin, banjur bedane gol, lan total gol sing dicetak. Yen isih level, tim kasebut dianggep padha drajate. Yen seri tim kasebut pengaruhe menang, degradasi, utawa kualifikasi kanggo kompetisi liyane, mula play-off bakal diselenggarakake ing papan netral kanggo nemtokake peringkat. Mayoritas pertandingan dimainake dina Setu lan Minggu awan. ==== Promosi lan degradasi ==== Sistem promosi lan degradasi digunakake ing antarane kompetisi Liga Premiere lan [[:id:Kejuaraan EFL|Kejuaraan EFL]]. Telung tim paling dhuwur ing Premiership bakal dicopot lan ditampilake ing Kejuaraan EFL ing musim sabanjure, lan rong tim utama Kejuaraan EFL munggah (promosi) menyang Premiership, ing endi sing nuduhake tim katelu ditemtokake liwat seri play-off sing diikuti karo tim peringkat 3 nganti 6. Liga Premier duwe 22 tim nalika diwiwiti ing taun 1992, nanging dikurangi dadi 20 ing taun 1995. == Klub sing melu == Ana 45 klub sing main ing Liga Premier wiwit liga dibentuk ing taun 1992, kalebu ing musim 2016-17. Nganti musim iki, mung ana 6 klub sing bisa terus bertahan ing Liga Premier. Manchester City sapisan dibuwang metu saka level paling dhuwur ing Liga Premier lan pungkasane main ing Divisi Loro. Klub-klub sing isih urip yaiku Arsenal, Chelsea, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester United lan Tottenham Hotspur. ===== Juara ===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !No !Musim !Juara !No !Musim !Juara |- |1 |1992–1993 |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |15 |2006–2007 |Manchester United |- |2 |1993–1994 |Manchester United |16 |2007–2008 |Manchester United |- |3 |1994–1995 |[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] |17 |2008–2009 |Manchester United |- |4 |1995–1996 |Manchester United |18 |2009–2010 |Chelsea |- |5 |1996–1997 |Manchester United |19 |2010–2011 |Manchester United |- |6 |1997–1998 |Arsenal |20 |2011–2012 |Manchester City |- |7 |1998–1999 |Manchester United |21 |2012–2013 |Manchester United |- |8 |1999–2000 |Manchester United |22 |2013–2014 |Manchester City |- |9 |2000–2001 |Manchester United |23 |2014–2015 |Chelsea |- |10 |2001–2002 |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |24 |2015–2016 |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |- |11 |2002–2003 |Manchester United |25 |2016–2017 |Chelsea |- |12 |2003–2004 |Arsenal |26 |2017–2018 |Manchester City |- |13 |2004–2005 |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |27 |2018–2019 |Manchester City |- |14 |2005–2006 |Chelsea |28 |2019–2020 |Liverpool |} ===== Miturut klub kasebut ===== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Klub !Jumlah judhul !Mangsa kamenangan |- |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |13 |1992–1993, 1993–1994, 1995–1996, 1996–1997, 1998–1999, 1999–2000, 2000–2001, 2002–2003, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2010–2011, 2012–2013 |- |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |5 |2004–2005, 2005–2006, 2009–2010, 2014–2015, 2016–2017 |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |4 |2011–2012, 2013–2014, 2017–2018, 2018–2019 |- |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |3 |1997–1998, 2001–2002, 2003–2004 |- |[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]] |1 |1994–1995 |- |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |1 |2015–2016 |- |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |1 |2019–2020 |} ===== Peserta kanggo musim 2019-2020 ===== {| class="wikitable" |+20 klub ing ngisor iki saingan ing Liga Premier sajrone musim 2019-2020. !Klub !Posisi ing taun 2018-2019 !Musim Pertama ing Divisi Pertama !Musim Pertama ing Liga Premier Inggris !Musim ing Divisi Pertama !Mangsa ing Liga Utama Inggris !Musim Pertama Saiki Ngganti Divisi Pertama !Judhul Divisi Utama !Judhul pungkasan ing divisi utama |- |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]]^a |ke-1 |1899–1900 |1992–93 |91 |23 |2002–03 |6 |2018–19 |- |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]]^{a, b} |ke-2 |1894–95 |1992–93 |105 |28 |1962–63 |18 |1989–90 |- |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]]^{a, b} |ke-3 |1907–08 |1992–93 |85 |28 |1989–90 |6 |2016–17 |- |[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspu]]<nowiki/>r^{a, b} |ke-4 |1909–10 |1992–93 |85 |28 |1978–79 |2 |1960–61 |- |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]]^{a, b} |ke-5 |1904–05 |1992–93 |103 |28 |1919–20 |13 |2003–04 |- |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]^{a, b} |ke-6 |1892–93 |1992–93 |95 |28 |1975–76 |20 |2012–13 |- |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers]]^c |ke-7 |1888–89 |2003–04 |65 |6 |2018–19 |3 |1958–59 |- |[[Everton F.C.|Everton]]^{a, b, c} |ke-8 |1888–89 |1992–93 |117 |28 |1954–55 |9 |1986–87 |- |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |ke-9 |1908–09 |1994–95 |51 |14 |2014–15 |1 |2015–16 |- |[[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] |ke-10 |1923–24 |1993–94 |62 |24 |2012–13 |0 |n/a |- |[[Watford]] |ke-11 |1982–83 |1999–2000 |13 |7 |2015–16 |0 |n/a |- |[[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]]^a |ke-12 |1969–70 |1992–93 |20 |11 |2013–14 |0 |n/a |- |[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] |ke-13 |1898–99 |1993–94 |88 |25 |2017–18 |4 |1926–27 |- |[[Bournemouth]]^b |ke-14 |2015–16 |2015–16 |5 |5 |2015–16 |0 |n/a |- |[[Burnley]]^c |ke-15 |1888–89 |2009–10 |57 |6 |2016–17 |2 |1959–60 |- |[[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]]^a |ke-16 |1966–67 |1992–93 |43 |21 |2012–13 |0 |n/a |- |[[Brighton]] & [[Hove Albion]]^b |ke-17 |1979–80 |2017–18 |7 |3 |2017–18 |0 |n/a |- |[[Norwich City]]^a |ke-1 di Championship |1972–73 |1992–93 |27 |9 |2019–20 |0 |n/a |- |[[Sheffield United]]^a |ke-2 di Championship |1893–94 |1992–93 |62 |4 |2019–20 |3 |1897–98 |- |[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]]^{a, c} |ke-5 di Championship |1888–89 |1992–93 |105 |25 |2019–20 |7 |1980–81 |} * Cardiff City, Fulham lan Huddersfield Town mundur menyang Kejuaraan EFL kanggo musim 2019-2020, dene Norwich City, Sheffield United lan Aston Villa, minangka pemenang, nomer loro lan play-off, dipromosikake saka Kejuaraan EFL 2018-19 mangsane. * Bournemouth, Brighton lan Hove Albion lan Huddersfield Town minangka siji-sijine klub sing tetep ana ing Liga Premier wiwit promosi kaping pisanan, sawise main 4, 2 lan 2 musim (saben 27). ''^a: Anggota pendiri Liga Premier Inggris'' ''^b: Ora tau dicopot saka Liga Premier'' ''^c: Salah siji saka 12 tim Liga Sepakbola asli'' ==== Klub liyane ==== {| class="wikitable" |+ !Klub !Liga Saiki !Posisi ing taun 2018-2019 !Musim kaping pisanan ing divisi utama !Musim kaping pisanan ing Liga Premier Inggris !Musim terbaru di Liga Utama Inggris !Musim paling anyar ing Liga Premier !Mangsa ing Liga Utama Inggris !Judhul divisi utama !Judhul pungkasan ing divisi utama |- |[[Barnsley]] |Championship |ke-2 di Liga Satu |1997–98 |1997–98 |1997–98 |1 |1 |0 |n/a |- |[[Birmingham City]] |Championship |ke-17 |1894–95 |2002–03 |2010–11 |57 |7 |0 |n/a |- |[[Blackburn Rovers F.C.|Blackburn Rovers]]^{a, b} |Championship |ke-15 |1888–89 |1992–93 |2011–12 |72 |18 |3 |1994–95 |- |[[Blackpool]] |League One |ke-10 |1930–31 |2010–11 |2010–11 |28 |1 |0 |n/a |- |[[Bolton Wanderers]]^b |League One |ke-23 di Championship |1888–89 |1995–96 |2011–12 |61 |13 |0 |n/a |- |[[Bradford City]] |League Two |ke-24 di League One |1908–09 |1999–2000 |2000–01 |12 |2 |0 |n/a |- |[[Cardiff City]]^c |Championship |ke-18 di Premier League |1921–22 |2013–14 |2018–19 |17 |2 |0 |n/a |- |[[Charlton Athletic]] |Championship |ke-3 di League One |1936–37 |1998–99 |2006–07 |27 |8 |0 |n/a |- |[[Coventry City]]^a |League One |ke-8 |1967–68 |1992–93 |2000–01 |34 |9 |0 |n/a |- |[[Derby County]]^b |Championship |ke-6 |1888–89 |1996–97 |2007–08 |65 |7 |2 |1974–75 |- |[[Fulham F.C.|Fulham]] |Championship |ke-19 di Premier League |1949–50 |2001–02 |2018–19 |26 |14 |0 |n/a |- |[[Huddersfield Town]] |Championship |ke-20 di Premier League |1920–21 |2017–18 |2018–19 |33 |2 |3 |1925–26 |- |[[Hull City]] |Championship |ke-13 |2008–09 |2008–09 |2016–17 |5 |5 |0 |n/a |- |[[Ipswich Town]]^a |League One |ke-24 di Championship |1961–62 |1992–93 |2001–02 |26 |14 |0 |1961–62 |- |[[Leeds United F.C.|Leeds United]]^a |Championship |ke-3 |1924–25 |1992–93 |2003–04 |33 |2 |3 |1991–92 |- |[[Middlesbrough F.C.|Middlesbrough]]^a |Championship |ke-7 |1902–03 |1992–93 |2016–17 |5 |5 |0 |n/a |- |[[Nottingham Forest]]^a |Championship |ke-9 |1892–93 |1992–93 |1998–99 |56 |5 |1 |1977–78 |- |[[Oldham Athletic]]^a |League Two |ke-14 |1910–11 |1992–93 |1993–94 |12 |2 |0 |n/a |- |[[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]] |League One |ke-4 |1927–28 |2003–04 |2009–10 |33 |7 |2 |1949–50 |- |[[Queens Park Rangers]]^a |Championship |ke-19 |1968–69 |1992–93 |2014–15 |23 |7 |0 |n/a |- |[[Redin, Gebang, Purwareja|Reading]] |Championship |ke-20 |2006–07 |2006–07 |2012–13 |3 |3 |0 |n/a |- |[[Sheffield Wednesday]]^a |Championship |ke-12 |1892–93 |1992–93 |1999–2000 |66 |8 |4 |1929–30 |- |[[Stoke City]]^b |Championship |ke-16 |1888–89 |2008–09 |2017–18 |63 |10 |0 |n/a |- |[[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] |League One |ke-5 |1890–91 |1995–96 |2016–17 |87 |13 |6 |1935–36 |- |[[Swansea City]]^c |Championship |ke-10 |1981–82 |2011–12 |2017–18 |9 |7 |0 |n/a |- |[[Swindon Town]] |League Two |ke-13 |1993–94 |1993–94 |1993–94 |1 |1 |0 |n/a |- |[[West Bromwich Albion F.C|West Bromwich Albion]]^b |Championship |ke-4 |1888–89 |2002–03 |2017–18 |79 |12 |1 |1919–20 |- |[[Wigan Athletic]] |Championship |ke-18 |2005–06 |2005–06 |2012–13 |8 |8 |0 |n/a |- |[[Wimbledon F.C.|Wimbledon]]^a |Dibubarkan |Dibubarkan (2003–2004) |1892–93 |1992–93 |1999–2000 |14 |8 |0 |n/a |} ''^a: Anggota pendiri Liga Premier Inggris'' ''^b: Salah siji saka 12 tim Liga Sepakbola asli'' ''^c: Klub sing asale saka Wales'' ====== Klub non Inggris ====== '''Wales''' Ing taun 2011, sawijining klub Welsh melu Liga Premier kaping pisanan sawise [[Swansea City]] dipromosekake. Pertandhingan Liga Premier sing dimainake ing sanjabane Inggris yaiku pertandingan kandang Swansea City ing Stadion Liberty nglawan Wigan Athletic tanggal 20 Agustus 2011. Nomer klub Wales sing main ing Premiership tambah dadi loro ing musim 2013-2014 nalika [[Cardiff City]] menang promosi, nanging dheweke langsung mundur sawise musim perdana. Cardiff nerusake promosi ing 2017-2018 nanging jumlah klub Wales tetep padha ing musim Liga Premier 2018-19 nalika Swansea City dipecat saka Liga Premier ing taun 2017–2018. Sawise mundur saka Cardiff City ing taun 2018–2019, ing taun 2020 ora ana klub Welsh sing bakal main ing Liga Premier. Amarga klub Welsh minangka anggota Asosiasi Sepakbola Wales (Inggris: [[Football Association of Wales]], FAW), mula ana pertanyaan manawa klub kaya Swansea bisa makili Inggris utawa Wales ing kompetisi Eropa. Iki nyebabake diskusi dawa ing Uni Sepakbola Eropa. Swansea njupuk salah siji saka telung posisi Inggris ing [[Liga Eropah UEFA|Liga Eropa UEFA]] ing taun 2013–2014 sawise menang Piala Liga Premier ing musim 2012–13. '''Skotlandia lan Irlandia''' Partisipasi ing Premiership dening sawetara klub [[Skotlandia]] utawa [[Républik Irlan|Irlandia]] wis dibahas kaping pirang-pirang, nanging ora ngasilake asil. Gagasan kasebut meh ngasilake ing taun 1998, nalika Wimbledon nampa persetujuan Liga Premier kanggo pindhah menyang Dublin, Irlandia, nanging langkah kasebut dihentikan dening Asosiasi Sepakbola Republik Irlandia. Media uga wis mbahas kaping pirang-pirang gagasan manawa loro tim paling gedhe Skotlandia, Celtic lan Rangers, bisa ditampilake ing Liga Premier, nanging ora ana sing dadi kasunyatane. == Kompetisi internasional == === Kompetisi Eropa === Papat tim paling apik ing pungkasan klasemen Liga Premier lolos ing panggung grup Liga Champions UEFA musim ngarep. Pemenang Liga Juara-Juara UEFA lan Liga UEFA Europa uga nduweni kualifikasi kanggo tahapan grup ing Liga Champions UEFA musim sabanjure. Yen iki nggawe enem tim Liga Premier dadi kualifikasi, mula tim sing ana ing posisi kaping papat ing Liga Premier malah bakal main ing Liga UEFA Europa, amarga saben negara diwatesi maksimal 5 tim sing bisa muncul. Tim sing peringkat kaping lima ing klasemen Liga Premier lolos menyang Inggris menyang panggung grup Liga Europa ing musim sabanjure. Pemenang Piala FA uga lolos ing tataran grup Liga Europa UEFA musim ngarep, nanging yen pemenang uga mungkasi liga ing limang besar utawa wis menang turnamen utama UEFA, papan iki bakal dianugerahi tim nomer enem ing klasemen . Pemenang Piala EFL uga lolos menyang babak kualifikasi kaping pindho ing Liga UEFA Europa musim sabanjure, nanging yen pemenang wis mumpuni kanggo kompetisi UEFA liwat kompetisi liyane, saham iki bakal diwenehake menyang tim sing entuk nomer enem ing Liga Premier, utawa kaping pitu yen asil Piala. FA uga nduweni kualifikasi tim peringkat nomer enem. Jumlah papan sing dialokasikan kanggo klub Inggris ing kompetisi UEFA gumantung karo posisi negara ing koefisien negara UEFA, sing diitung adhedhasar kinerja tim ing kompetisi UEFA sajrone limang taun kepungkur. Saiki Liga Inggris (lan Liga Premier) rangking nomer loro ing mburi Spanyol. {| class="wikitable" |+Dijupuk saka rangking negara 2019 adhedhasar koefisien UEFA ! rowspan="2" |Peringkat 2019 ! rowspan="2" |Peringkat 2018 ! rowspan="2" |Owahi ! rowspan="2" |Liga ! rowspan="2" |2014–2015 ! rowspan="2" |2015–2016 ! rowspan="2" |2016–2017 ! rowspan="2" |2017–2018 ! rowspan="2" |2018–2019 ! rowspan="2" |Koefisien ! colspan="6" |Ration ing Liga Champions ! colspan="6" |Ration ing Liga Europa |- !BG !PO !K3 !K2 !K1 !PQ !BG !PO !K3 !K2 !K1 !PQ |- |1 |1 |= |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} [[Spanyol]] |20.214 |23.928 |20.142 |19.714 |19.571 |103.569 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |2 |2 |= |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Inggris]] |13.571 |14.250 |14.928 |20.071 |22.642 |85.462 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |3 |3 |= |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Itali]]a |19.000 |11.500 |14.250 |17.333 |12.642 |74.725 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |4 |4 |= |{{flagicon|Jerman}} [[Jerman]] |15.857 |16.428 |14.571 |9.857 |15.214 |71.927 |4 | - | - | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |5 |5 |= |{{flagicon|Prancis}} [[Prancis]] |10.916 |11.083 |14.416 |11.500 |10.583 |58.498 |2 | - |1 | - | - | - |2 | - | - |1 | - | - |- |6 |6 |= |{{flagicon|Ruslan}} [[Ruslan]] |9.666 |11.500 |9.200 |12.600 |7.583 |50.549 |2 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |7 |7 |= |{{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portegal|Portugal]] |9.083 |10.500 |8.083 |9.666 |10.900 |48.232 |1 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |8 |8 |= |{{flagicon|Ukraina}} [[Ukraina]] |10.000 |9.800 |5.500 |8.000 |7.800 |39.900 |1 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |9 |9 |= |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}} [[Bèlgi]] |9.600 |7.400 |12.500 |2.600 |5.600 |38.900 |1 | - |1 | - | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |- |10 |10 |= |{{flagicon|Turki}} [[Turki]] |6.000 |6.600 |9.700 |6.800 |5.500 |34.600 |1 | - | - |1 | - | - |1 | - |1 |1 | - | - |} Pangecualian kanggo sistem kualifikasi Eropa sing biasa kedadeyan ing taun 2005, sawise Liverpool menang Liga Champions taun kepungkur, nanging ora lolos menyang Liga Champions miturut klasemen final Liga Premier musim kasebut. UEFA menehi dispensasi khusus kanggo Liverpool lumebu Liga Champions supaya Inggris bisa dialokasikan limang papan. [[Uni Bal-balan Éropa|UEFA]] banjur mutusake manawa para juara saiki lolos ing kompetisi kasebut ing musim sabanjure tanpa preduli jabatane ing liga domestik. Nanging, kanthi liga sing duwe papat saham ing Liga Champions, iki tegese pemenang Liga Champions sing ora ana ing papat ndhuwur bakal njupuk papan kanggo tim nomer papat. Nalika semana, ora ana asosiasi sing bisa duwe luwih saka patang tim ing Liga Champions. Iki kedadeyan ing 2012 nalika Chelsea menang Liga Champions musim panas kasebut, nanging mung menang nomer enem ing klasemen Liga Premier. Chelsea banjur njupuk bagian Tottenham Hotspur, mula Tottenham Hotspur main ing Liga Eropa UEFA. Saka 2015–2016, para pemenang Liga Europa lolos menyang Liga Champions, sing nyumurupi jumlah maksimum tim sing bakal menang ditambah saka papat dadi lima. Iki ana pengaruhe ing Inggris ing musim 2016–2017 nalika Manchester United mung bisa menang nomer enem ing klasemen, nanging wis menang Liga Europa. Iki menehi limang titik ing Inggris ing 2017–2018. Ing kasus iki, saham [[Liga Eropah UEFA|Liga Europa]] sing kosong ora dianugerahi tim Inggris miturut klasemen, saengga saham ing Liga Europa kanggo musim sabanjure bakal dikurangi. Yen pemenang Liga Champions lan Liga Europa teka saka asosiasi sing padha lan loro-lorone ora dadi juara papat klasemen, mula tim nomer papat kasebut bakal main ing Liga Europa. ==== Kompetisi internasional ==== Antarane musim 1992-1993 nganti 2018–2019, klub Liga Premier Inggris menang Liga Champions UEFA kaping lima (lan menang nomer loro kaping pitu), ing sangisore gelar La Liga Spanyol kanthi sewelas kemenangan, padha karo Serie A Italia, lan unggul liwat Bundesliga Jerman kanthi menang kaping telu. Loro klub Liga Premier wis sukses dadi Piala Dunia Klub [[FIFA]] (asline diarani FIFA Club World Championship), yaiku Manchester United ing taun 2008 lan Liverpool ing taun 2019, lan kaping pindho dadi nomer loro (Liverpool taun 2005 lan Chelsea taun 2012) ,ing sangisore babak penyisihan La Liga kanthi pitung kemenangan, Brasileirão Brasil kanthi papat kemenangan, lan imbang karo Serie A Italia kanthi loro kemenangan. == Keuangan == Liga Premier duwe penghasilan paling dhuwur kanggo kabeh liga bal-balan ing jagad iki, kanthi total bathi € 2,48 milyar ing taun 2009–2010. Ing 2013-2014, amarga tambah akeh pendapatan televisi lan kontrol biaya, Liga Premier duwe penghasilan net luwih saka £ 78 yuta, ngungkuli kabeh liga bal-balan liyane. Ing taun 2010, Liga Premier dianugerahi Penghargaan [[Ratu]] kanggo Perusahaan ing kategori Perdagangan Internasional amarga menehi kontribusi luar biasa kanggo perdagangan internasional lan nilai sing diwenehake kanggo bal-balan Inggris lan industri siaran Inggris. Sawetara klub sing melu Liga Premier Inggris kalebu ing dhaptar klub sepakbola paling sugih ing saindenging jagad. Laporan sing dirilis dening Deloitte kanthi irah-irahan "Football Money League" kalebu pitung klub Liga Premier ing 20 klub paling dhuwur kanggo musim 2009-10, lan kabeh 20 klub sing main ing Liga Premier kalebu 40 tim paling dhuwur ing saindenging jagad. pungkasan musim. 2013–2014, amarga umume tambah akeh penghasilan siaran. Wiwit taun 2013, liga iki ngasilake € 2.2 milyar saben taun saka hak televisi, domestik lan internasional. Klub-klub sing melu Liga setuju ing Desember 2012 kanggo nindakake kontrol biaya sing anyar. Kaloro proposal sing diajukake kalebu aturan babagan breakeven lan watesan babagan kenaikan gaji sing bisa dibayar saben musim. Kanthi kesepakatan televisi anyar, momentum kasebut tuwuh kanggo golek cara kanggo nyegah mayoritas awis langsung menyang para pemain lan agen. Pembayaran terpusat kanggo musim 2016-2017 gunggunge £ 2.398.515.773 saka total 20 klub, kanthi saben tim nampa ragad partisipasi tetep £ 35,301,989 lan pembayaran tambahan saka televisi siaran (£ 1.016.690 kanggo hak umum Inggris kanggo cocog karo sorotan, £ 1,136,083 kanggo saben siaran langsung pertandingane ing Inggris, lan £ 39.090.596 kanggo kabeh hak saka luar negeri), hak komersial (ragad rata-rata £ 4,759,404), lan ukuran "jasa" notional adhedhasar posisi pungkasan klasemen liga. Komponen layanan nganti £ 1,941,609 dikalikan karo peringkat pungkasan klasemen, diwilang saka sisih ngisor klasemen (contone, Burnley ana ing peringkat 16 ing klasemen Mei 2017, lan ana nomer 5 saka ngisor, mula dheweke nampa 5 × £ 1.941. 609 = £ 9.708.045). == Sponsor == Saka taun 1993 nganti 2016, Liga Premier Inggris menehi hak sponsor kanggo rong perusahaan, yaiku [[Carling Brewery]] lan [[Barclays Bank PLC]]. Sponsor utama duwe hak kanggo nambah jenenge menyang jeneng liga. Barclays minangka sponsor pungkasan, dadi sponsor Liga Premier wiwit taun 2001 nganti 2016 (nganti taun 2004, kompetisi iki ditambahake karo jeneng Barclaycard sadurunge ganti dadi merek perbankan utamane ing taun 2004). {| class="wikitable" |+ ! rowspan="2" |Periode ! rowspan="2" |Sponsor ! colspan="2" |Judhul sayembara |- !Basa Inggris !Basa Indonesia |- |1992–1993 |''[[Ora ana sponsor]]'' |FA Premier League |Liga Utama FA |- |1993–2001 |[[Curling|Carling]] |FA Carling Premiership |Liga Utama Carling FA |- |2001–2004 |[[Barclaycard]] |FA Barclaycard Premiership |Liga Utama Barclaycard FA |- |2004–2007 | rowspan="2" |[[Barclays]] |FA Barclays Premiership |Liga Utama Barclays FA |- |2007–2016 |Barclays Premier League |Liga Utama Barclays |- |2016– |''Ora ana sponsor'' |Premier League |Liga Utama |} Kesepakatan Barclays karo Liga Premier rampung ing pungkasan musim 2015-2016. FA ngumumake tanggal 4 Juni 2015 yen dheweke ora bakal nggayuh tawaran sponsor maneh kanggo Liga Premier Inggris, kanthi alesan manawa dheweke pengin nggawe merek "bersih" kanggo kompetisi sing luwih selaras karo liga olahraga utama ing Amerika Serikat. Loro saka nyengkuyung liga dhewe, Liga Premier duwe sawetara mitra lan supplier resmi. Panyedhiya bola resmi liga yaiku Nike, sing wis kontrak wiwit musim 2000-2001 nalika dheweke njupuk alih tugas saka Miter. Miturut merek Merlin, Topps duwe lisensi kanggo ngasilake koleksi Liga Premier antara taun 1994 lan 2019 kalebu stiker (kanggo album stiker) lan kertu dagang. Diluncurake ing musim 2007-2008, Topps Match Attax, game kertu dagang Liga Premier resmi dadi koleksi bocah lanang sing laris ing Inggris, lan uga game kertu dagang olahraga paling laris ing donya. Ing wulan Oktober 2018, Panini diwenehi lisensi kanggo ngasilake koleksi wiwit musim 2019-2020. Wiwit taun 2017, perusahaan coklat [[Cadbury]] minangka mitra cemilan resmi Liga Premier, lan dadi sponsor [[Sepatu Emas]] lan penghargaan [[Sarung Tangan Emas]].. == Penyiar == === Britania Raya lan Irlandia === Televisi nduweni peran gedhe ing sejarah Liga Premier. Keputusan Liga kanggo menehi hak siaran menyang [[BSkyB]] ing taun 1992 minangka keputusan sing dijupuk nalika semana, nanging keputusan kasebut wis dibayar. Nalika semana, televisi mbayar minangka usulan sing durung dites ing pasar Inggris, uga kewajiban para penggemar mbayar kanggo nonton pertandingan bal-balan kanthi langsung ing televisi. Nanging, kombinasi strategi Sky, kualitas bal-balan Liga Premier lan rasa masarakat kanggo game kasebut nyumurupi nilai hak televisi Liga Premier sing saya dhuwur. Liga Premier adol hak siaran televisi kanthi bebarengan. Iki beda karo sawetara liga bal-balan Eropa liyane, kalebu [[LaLiga|La Liga]], ing ngendi saben klub adol hak masing-masing, sing nggawe pangasilan luwih dhuwur saka total penghasilan menyang sawetara klub paling dhuwur. Dhuwit dipérang dadi telung bagean: separo saham dipérang kanthi merata ing antarané klub; seprapat dianugerahi adhedhasar prestasi adhedhasar posisi liga pungkasan, klub ing ndhuwur meja entuk rong puluh kali luwih akeh tinimbang klub ing ngisor, lan terus padha mudhun ing klasemen; kuartal pungkasan dibayar minangka biaya fasilitas kanggo pertandingan tivi, kanthi klub-klub paling dhuwur umume nampa bagean saka singa kasebut. Penghasilan saka hak asing dipisahake kanthi beda ing antarane 20 klub kasebut. Perjanjian hak televisi sing pertama ing Sky regane 304 yuta nganti limang musim. Kontrak sabanjure, negosiasi kanggo wiwitan musim 1997–98, mundhak dadi 670 yuta kanggo patang musim. Kontrak kaping telu regane 1.024 milyar karo BSkyB sajrone telung musim wiwit taun 2001-2002 nganti 2003-04. Liga Premier ngasilake 320 yuta £ saka adol hak internasional ing telung taun wiwit 2004-2005 nganti 2006-07. Dheweke adol hak miturut wilayah. Monopoli Sky rampung wulan Agustus 2006 nalika [[Setanta Sports]] diwenehi hak nyiarake loro saka enem paket game sing kasedhiya. Iki ditindakake sawise meksa [[Komisi Eropa]] supaya hak eksklusif ora bisa didol menyang sawijining perusahaan televisi. Sky lan Setanta mbayar £ 1,7 milyar, paningkatan rong pertiga sing nggawe kaget akeh para komentator amarga asumsi publik manawa nilai hak siaran wis munggah sawise tuwuh kanthi cepet. Setanta uga tetep duwe hak kanggo pertandingan langsung jam 3 sore sing disiarake kanggo pamirsa Irlandia wae. BBC tetep nduweni hak kanggo nampilake dawane video ing telung musim sing padha (ing Pertandhingan Dina) nganti £ 171,6 yuta, kenaikan 63% saka £ 105 yuta sing sadurunge dibayar sajrone telung taun sadurunge. Sky lan BT wis setuju kanggo mbayar total 84,3 yuta kanggo hak pertandingan sing ditundha kanggo 242 game (sing minangka hak kanggo siaran lengkap ing televisi lan Internet) umume sajrone 50 jam kanggo pertandingan sawise 10 wengi dina kasebut. Hak televisi ing luar negeri ngasilake £ 625 yuta, meh tikel kaping pindho saka kontrak sadurunge. Total sing dikumpulake miturut kesepakatan kasebut ana luwih saka £ 2,7 milyar, sing menehi rata-rata penghasilan marang klub Liga Premier udakara £ 40 yuta saben taun wiwit taun 2007 nganti 2010. Kesepakatan hak televisi antara Liga Premier lan Sky ngalami tuduhan dadi kartel, lan sawetara kasus pengadilan muncul minangka asil. Penyelidikan dening Kantor Perdagangan Adil ing taun 2002 nemokake BSkyB kanggo dominasi pasar olahraga TV bayar, nanging dheweke nyimpulake manawa ana sawetara alasan sing ora cukup kanggo pratelan yen BSkyB wis nyalah gunakake dominane. Ing wulan Juli 1999, sawijining cara adol hak Liga Premier nggunakake sistem kolektif kanggo kabeh klub sing melu, diselidiki dening Pengadilan Praktik Terbatas Inggris, sing nyimpulake manawa kesepakatan kasebut ora bertentangan karo kepentingan umum. Cuplikan trailer BBC ing dina Setu lan Minggu bengi, uga wengi liyane sing cocog karo jadwal, pungkasan nganti taun 2016. Hak televisi mung kanggo periode 2010 nganti 2013 dituku udakara 1,782 milyar. Tanggal 22 Juni 2009, amarga ana masalah sing diadhepi Setanta Sports sawise gagal nggayuh tenggat pungkasan kanggo pambayaran £ 30 yuta menyang Liga Premier, ESPN dianugerahi rong paket hak kanggo disiarkeun ing Great Britain sing ngemot 46 game ing musim 2009–2010 uga 23 paket pertandingan saben musim wiwit 2010-2011 nganti 2012–2013. Tanggal 13 Juni 2012, Liga Premier ngumumake yen BT duwe hak nyiarake 38 pertandingan saben musim 2013-2014 menyang musim 2015-2016 regane 246 yuta saben taun. 116 pertandingan liyane sing disiarake Sky regane 760 yuta saben taun. Total bathi saka hak penyiaran domestik wis mencapai £ 3.018 milyar, mundhak 70,2% tinimbang musim 2010-2011 dadi 2012-2013. Nilai perjanjian lisensi tambah 70,2% ing 2015, kanthi Sky lan BT mbayar £ 5,136 milyar nalika nganyari kontrak karo Liga Premier telung taun nganti musim 2018-2019. {| class="wikitable" |+Snippet ing Britania Raya !Program !Duration !Saluran |- |''Match of the Day'' |1992–2001, 2004–''kini'' |BBC |- |''The Premiership'' |2001–2004 |ITV |} Ing wulan Agustus 2016, diumumake manawa BBC bakal nggawe majalah gaya anyar kanggo Liga Premier kanthi judhul The Premier League Show. Ing wulan Juni 2018, diumumake manawa Amazon Video bakal nyiarake 20 pertandingan saben musim kanthi perjanjian telung taun wiwit musim 2019-20. Siaran televisi kasebut bakal diproduksi kanthi kemitraan karo Sunset + Vine lan BT Sport. ==== Internasional ==== Liga Premier minangka liga sepak bola sing paling ditonton ing saindenging jagad, disiarake ing 212 wilayah menyang 643 yuta omah lan calon pamirsa TV 4,7 milyar wong. Produksi televisi ing Liga Premier, Premier League Productions, dioperasikake dening IMG Productions lan ngasilake kabeh konten kanggo mitra televisi internasional. Liga Premier misuwur banget ing Asia, dadi program sing paling akeh disebar. Ing Australia, perusahaan telekomunikasi Optus duwe hak eksklusif kanggo siaran Liga Premier, sing nyedhiyakake siaran langsung lan akses online sing sadurunge dicekel dening Fox Sports. Ing India, pertandingan disiarake langsung ing STAR Sports. Ing China, hak penyiaran diwenehake menyang Super Sports kanthi persetujuan enem taun wiwit musim 2013-2014. Ing musim 2019-2020, hak penyiaran ing Kanadha menyang Liga Premier diduweni dening DAZN, amarga wis diduweni bebarengan karo Sportsnet lan TSN wiwit musim 2013-2014. Ing Amerika Serikat, Liga Premier disiarake ing NBC Sports. Pamirsa liga tuwuh kanthi cepet, kanthi NBC lan NBCSN rata-rata 479.000 pamirsa ing musim 2014-2015, nganti 118% ing musim 2012-2013 nalika isih disiarake ing Fox Soccer lan ESPN / ESPN2 kanthi 220.000 tontonan, lan NBC Sports nampa sawetara apresiasi babagan jangkoan kasebut. NBC Sports nambah musim Liga Premier Premier enem taun 2015 ing musim 2021–2022 kanthi kesepakatan regane $ 1 milyar (padha karo £ 640 yuta). Antarane musim 1998–1999 lan musim 2012-2013, RTÉ nyiarake rekaman ing program Sabtu Sepak Bola Premier lan kala-kala nalika Minggu Soccer Soccer. Wiwit musim 2004-2005 nganti musim 2006-2007, RTÉ nyiarkan pertandingan langsung tanggal 15 Setu awan, kanthi saben pertandingan diarani Premiership Live. Liga Premier disiarake dening SuperSport ing saindenging Afrika Sub-Sahara. == Jarak Saka Liga Kasta Liyane == Ana jurang sing tambah antara Liga Premier Inggris lan Liga Sepak Bola Inggris. Wiwit pisah karo Liga Sepakbola, akeh klub sing mantep ing Liga Premier nggawe kesenjangan karo rekane ing liga ngisor. Bentenane paling gedhe yaiku babagan hak televisi ing liga, akeh tim sing nembe dipromosekake angel ngindhari degradasi ing musim Liga Premier kaping pisanan. Ing saben musim kajaba 2001-2002, 2011–2012 lan 2017–2018, paling ora ana wong anyar Liga Premier sing mundur menyang Liga Sepakbola Inggris. Ing musim 1997–98, telung klub sing nembe entuk promosi, langsung mudhun ing pungkasan musim. Liga Premier nyebarke bagean saka pendapatan televisi menyang klub sing mundur saka liga kanthi bentuk "pembayaran parasut". Wiwit musim 2013-2014, pembayaran kasebut gunggunge luwih saka £ 60 yuta sajrone patang musim. Klub Liga Premier nampa pambayaran terpusat proporsional £ 2.4 milyar ing musim 2016-2017, kanthi tambahan solidaritas £ 343 yuta karo Liga Premier kanthi klub EFL. Sanajan dirancang kanggo mbantu tim nyetel penghasilan televisi sing ilang (rata-rata tim Liga Premier nampa £ 41 yuta nalika rata-rata klub Kejuaraan EFL mung nampa £ 2 yuta), pangritik negesake manawa jinis pembayaran kasebut pancen nambah kesenjangan ing antarane tim sing wis tekan Liga Premier lan sing durung entuk, nyebabake muncul tim sing "mundur" langsung sawise degradasi. Sawetara klub sing ora sukses promosi menyang Liga Premier, masalah finansial, kalebu ing sawetara kasus, administrasi utawa malah likuidasi dadi perkara sing ngganggu klub kasebut. Relegasi menyang liga sing luwih murah uga wis ndeleng sawetara klub ora bisa ngatasi kesenjangan kasebut. == Stadion == Ing musim 2017-2018, pertandingan Liga Premier wis dimainake ing 58 stadion wiwit dibentuk. Tragedi [[Hillsborough]] taun 1989 lan Laporan Taylor sing nderek nyaranake supaya penonton sing tetep kudu diilangi. Mula, kabeh stadion ing Liga Premier minangka stadion kursi. Wiwit dibentuk Liga Premier, lapangan bal-balan ing Inggris wis terus nambah kapasitas lan fasilitas, sawetara klub pindhah menyang stadion sing nembe dibangun. Sangang stadion sing tau dadi tuan rumah pertandingan Liga Premier saiki wis rusak. Stadion kanggo musim 2017-2018 nuduhake beda kapasitas. Contone, Stadion Wembley, markas dhasar Tottenham Hotspur, duwe kapasitas 90.000 dene Dean Pengadilan, markas Bournemouth, mung duwe kapasitas 11.360. Kapasitas gabungan stadion Liga Premier Premier 2017-18 yaiku 806.033 kanthi kapasitas rata-rata 40,302. Kehadiran stadion minangka sumber penghasilan rutin kanggo klub Liga Premier kanthi signifikan. Kanggo musim 2016–2017, rata-rata kehadiran pendukung tekan 35.838 kanthi total rawuh 13.618.596. Iki nuduhake kenaikan 14.712 saka rata-rata pamiarsa 21.196 sing kacathet ing musim pertama kompetisi. Nanging, ing musim 1992–93, kapasitas umume stadion dikurangi nalika klub kasebut ngganti teras sing digunakake para penonton kanggo ngadeg, kanthi kursi miturut tanggal pungkasan taun 1994–95 Laporan Taylor. Cathetan kanggo rata-rata rawuh ing musim 2007-2008 kanthi rekor 36,144. Cathetan iki banjur dikalahake ing musim 2013-2014 sing rata-rata ana 36.695 pamiarsa kanthi jumlah anggota kurang saka 14 yuta, yaiku rata-rata paling dhuwur ing divisi paling dhuwur ing Inggris wiwit taun 1950. Ing musim 2018-19, rata-rata kehadiran Liga Premier yaiku 38.181 saben pertandingan, paling dhuwur nomer loro sawise Bundesliga ing Jerman kanthi rekor 43.500 penonton saben pertandingan, kanthi total kehadiran ing kabeh pertandingan liga negara., kanthi gunggunge 14,508,981. == Manajer == Manajer ing Liga Premier melu lumaku saben dina, kalebu latihan, pamilihan tim lan tuku pemain. Pengaruh ing klub kasebut bisa beda-beda lan ana hubungane karo kepemilikan klub, uga hubungan manajer karo penggemar. Manajer kudu nduweni Lisensi UEFA Pro sing dadi kualifikasi pungkasan ing pelatihan, lan ngrampungake Lisensi UEFA 'B' lan 'A'. Lisensi UEFA Pro dibutuhake dening sapa wae sing pengin ngatur klub Liga Premier kanthi permanen (kayata luwih saka 12 minggu yaiku wektu sing diwenehake kanggo manajer karier sing ora memenuhi syarat). Pengangkatan manajer karier bisa ngatasi kesenjangan antara manajer sing nembe metu saka klub lan manajer anyar sing bakal teka. Sawetara manajer interim banjur dadi manajer permanen sawise nuduhake kinerja apik sajrone manajer interim, kalebu manajer Portsmouth Paul Hart lan manajer Tottenham Hotspur David Pleat. [[Arsène Wenger]] wis dadi manajer paling dawa, ngatur [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] ing Liga Premier wiwit taun 1996 nganti pensiun ing pungkasan musim 2017-2018, lan nyekel rekor minangka manajer kanthi game paling akeh ing Liga Premier kanthi 828 game kabeh dimainake kanggo Arsenal. Dheweke ngilangi rekor sing digawe dening Sir Alex Ferguson, sing nangani 810 game Manchester United wiwit didegake Liga Premier nganti pensiun ing pungkasan musim 2012-2013. Ferguson dhewe wis dadi MU wiwit Nopember 1986, yaiku limang musim Divisi Eague Sepakbola Liga lan 21 musim Liga Premier pertama. Sajrone musim 2019-2020, 6 manajer dipecat wiwit 28 Desember: Javi Gracia lan Quique Sánchez Flores saka Watford, [[Mauricio Pochettino]] saka Tottenham Hotspur, Unai Emery saka Arsenal, Marco Silva saka Everton, lan Manuel Pellegrini saka West Ham United. Ana sawetara riset babagan alasan lan efek saka manajer pemecatan. Riset sing paling misuwur ditindakake dening Profesor Sue Bridgewater saka Universitas Liverpool lan Dr. Bas ter Weel saka Universitas Amsterdam, sing nganakake rong studi kapisah kanggo nyoba nerangake statistik babagan pemecatan manajer. Riset Bridgewater nemokake manawa klub biasane ngeculake manajer sawise klub kasebut kalah rata-rata siji poin saben pertandingan. [[Barkas:Alex_Ferguson.jpg|jmpl|Mantan manajer Manchester United [[Alex Ferguson|Sir Alex Ferguson]] wis dadi manajer paling dawa lan sukses ing sejarah Liga Premier.]] {| class="wikitable" |+Manajer sing menang !Manajer !Klub !jumlah !Taun |- |{{flagicon|Skotlandia}} [[Alex Ferguson]] |Manchester United |13 |1992–1993, 1993–1994, 1995–1996, 1996–1997, 1998–1999, 1999–2000, 2000–2001, 2002–2003, 2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2010–2011, 2012–2013 |- |{{flagicon|Prancis}}[[Arsène Wenger]] |Arsenal | rowspan="2" |3 |1997–1998, 2001–2002, 2003–2004 |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}}[[José Mourinho]] |Chelsea |2004–2005, 2005–2006, 2014–2015 |- |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} [[Pep Guardiola]] |Manchester City |2 |2017–2018, 2018–2019 |- |{{flagicon|Skotlandia}} [[Kenny Dalglish]] |Blackburn Rovers | rowspan="7" |1 |1994–1995 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Carlo Ancelotti]] |Chelsea |2009–2010 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Roberto Mancini]] |Manchester City |2011–2012 |- |{{flagicon|Chili}}[[Manuel Pellegrini]] |Manchester City |2013–2014 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} [[Claudio Ranieri]] |Leicester City |2015–2016 |- |{{flagicon|Italia}}[[Antonio Conte]] |Chelsea |2016–2017 |- |{{flagicon|Jerman}}[[Jürgen Klopp]] |Liverpool |2019–2020 |} {| class="wikitable" |+Manajer paling anyar !WN !Pelatih !Klub !Diangkat !Durasi |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Eddie Howe]] |[[Bournemouth]] |12 Oktober 2012 |8 tahun, 146 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Shandy Cheeks|Sean Dyche]] |[[Burnley]] |30 Oktober 2012 |8 tahun, 128 hari |- |{{flagicon|Jerman}} |[[Jürgen Klopp]] |[[Liverpool F.C.|Liverpool]] |8 Oktober 2015 |5 tahun, 150 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Chris Wilder]] |[[Sheffield United]] |12 Mei 2016 |4 tahun, 299 hari |- |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} |[[Pep Guardiola]] |[[Manchester City F.C.|Manchester City]] |1 Juli 2016 |4 tahun, 249 hari |- |{{flagicon|Jerman}} |[[Daniel Farke]] |[[Norwich City]] |25 Mei 2017 |3 tahun, 286 hari |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}} |[[Nuno Espírito Santo]] |[[Wolverhampton Wanderers]] |31 Mei 2017 |3 tahun, 280 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Roy Hodgson]] |[[Crystal Palace F.C.|Crystal Palace]] |12 September 2017 |3 tahun, 176 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Dean Smith]] |[[Aston Villa F.C.|Aston Villa]] |10 Oktober 2018 |2 tahun, 148 hari |- |{{flagicon|Austria}} |[[Ralph Hasenhüttl]] |[[Southampton F.C.|Southampton]] |5 Desember 2018 |2 tahun, 92 hari |- |{{flagicon|Nurwègen}} |[[Ole Gunnar Solskjær]] |[[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]] |19 Desember 2018 |2 tahun, 78 hari |- |{{flagicon|Irlandia Utara}} |[[Brendan Rodgers]] |[[Leicester City F.C.|Leicester City]] |26 Februari 2019 |2 tahun, 9 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Graham Potter]] |[[Brighton]] & [[Hove Albion]] |20 Mei 2019 |1 tahun, 291 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Frank Lampard]] |[[Chelsea F.C.|Chelsea]] |4 Juli 2019 |1 tahun, 246 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Steve Bruce]] |[[Newcastle United F.C.|Newcastle United]] |17 Juli 2019 |1 tahun, 233 hari |- |{{flagicon|Portugal}} |[[José Mourinho]] |[[Tottenham Hotspur F.C.|Tottenham Hotspur]] |20 November 2019 |1 tahun, 107 hari |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}} |[[Nigel Pearson]] |[[Watford]] |6 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 91 hari |- |{{flagicon|Spanyol}} |[[Mikèl Artéta|Mikel Arteta]] |[[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] |20 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 77 hari |- |{{flagicon|Italia}} |[[Carlo Ancelotti]] |[[Everton F.C.|Everton]] |21 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 76 hari |- |{{flagicon|Skotlandia}} |[[David Moyes]] |[[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham United]] |29 Desember 2019 |1 tahun, 68 hari |} == Pamuter == === Pemain manca lan aturan transfer === Ing wiwitan Liga Premier ing musim 1992-93, mung 11 pemain ing barisan wiwitan ing babak pertama pertandingan teka saka njaba Inggris utawa Irlandia. Ing taun 2000-2001, jumlah pemain asing sing melu Liga Premier tekan 36% saka total pemain. Ing musim 2004-2005, jumlah iki mundhak dadi 45%. Ing taun 2009, kurang saka 40% pemain ing Liga Premier minangka pemain lokal. Ing wulan Februari 2020, pemain saka 117 negara sing beda-beda wis main ing Liga Premier, ing ngendi pemain saka 101 warga negara wis ngetung gol. Nanggepi keprihatinan manawa klub bakal nggunakake pemain asing tinimbang pemain Inggris sing enom, ing taun 1999, Kantor Ngarep ngencengi aturane babagan menehi ijin kerja kanggo para pemain saka negara-negara ing sanjabane Uni Eropa. Pemain saka negara non-Uni Eropa sing ndhaptar lisensi, mesthine kudu main kanggo negarane paling ora 75 persen pertandingan kelas 'A' lan dipilih ing rong taun kepungkur, lan negarane kudu ana peringkat paling ora 70 ing Peringkat Dunia FIFA sajrone rong taun kepungkur. Yen pemain ora memenuhi kriteria kasebut, klub sing pengin nggawe kontrak karo pemain kasebut bisa ngajokake banding. {| class="wikitable" |+Penampilan terbanyak !Per !Pamuter !Katon |- |1 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Gareth Barry]] |553 |- |2 |{{flagicon|Wales}}[[Ryan Giggs]] |632 |- |3 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Frank Lampard]] |609 |- |4 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[David James]] |572 |- |5 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[James Milner]] |538 |- |6 |{{flagicon|Wales}}[[Gary Speed]] |535 |- |7 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Emile Heskey]] |516 |- |8 |{{flagicon|Australia}}[[Mark Schwarzer]] |514 |- |9 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Jamie Carragher]] |508 |- |10 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Phil Neville]] |505 |- | colspan="3" |''Ing tanggal 27 Juli 2020'' ''Miring: pemain sing isih main ing bal-balan profesional.'' ''Kandel: pemain isih main ing Premiership.'' |} Pemain mung bisa ditransfer sajrone wektu transfer sing ditemtokake dening The Football Association. Rong periode transfer diwiwiti saka dina pungkasan musim dadi 31 Agustus lan saka 31 Desember nganti 31 Januari. Registrasi pemain ora bisa diijolake ing njaba periode iki, kajaba lisensi khusus saka FA, sing umume diwenehake nalika darurat. Ing musim 2010-2011, Liga Premier ngenalake aturan anyar sing mbutuhake klub ndhaptar regu nganti 25 pemain sing umure 21 taun, sing mung bisa diganti sajrone transisi utawa ing kahanan sing luar biasa. Iki tujuane supaya bisa ngetrapake aturan "home grow", ing Liga Premier uga diwiwiti ing taun 2010 mbutuhake paling ora 8 saka 25 pemain yaiku "pemain lokal". ==== Gaji pamuter ==== Ora ana watesan gaji tim utawa individu ing Liga Premier. Minangka asil saka kesepakatan televisi sing saya nguntungake, gaji pemain mundhak banget sawise dibentuk Liga Premier nalika rata-rata gaji pemain yaiku 75.000 saben taun. Ing musim 2018-19, gaji tahunan rata-rata yaiku £ 2,99 yuta. Total gaji pemain sing dibayar dening 20 klub Liga Premier ing musim 2018-19 yaiku 1.62 milyar, luwih dhuwur tinimbang liga liyane ing Eropa, kayata La Liga (£ 1.05 milyar), Serie A (£ 0,83 milyar), The Bundesliga ( £ 0,72 milyar), lan Ligue 1 (£ 0,54 milyar). Klub kanthi gaji rata-rata paling dhuwur yaiku Manchester United kanthi £ 6,5 yuta. Nilai iki luwih murah tinimbang tim kanthi gaji paling dhuwur, kayata ing Spanyol (Barcelona £ 10,5 yuta) lan Italia (Juventus £ 6,7 juta), nanging luwih dhuwur tinimbang Jerman (Bayern Munich £ 6,4 yuta) lan Prancis (Paris Saint Germain £ 6,1 yuta). Rasio gaji ing antarane tim kanthi gaji paling murah nganti paling dhuwur ing Liga Premier yaiku 1 nganti 6,82. Angka iki luwih murah tinimbang liga liyane ing Eropa, yaiku Serie A (1 ing 16), La Liga (1 ing 19.1), Bundesliga (1 ing 20.5), lan Ligue 1 (1 ing 26.6). Amarga kesenjangan gaji sing kurang ing antarane tim ing Liga Premier, dianggep luwih kompetitif tinimbang liga divisi paling dhuwur ing negara-negara Eropa liyane. {| class="wikitable" |+Gaji rata-rata miturut klub ing musim 2018-2019 !Per. !Klub !Gaji |- |1 |Manchester United |£6.534.654 |- |2 |Manchester City |£5.993.000 |- |3 |Chelsea |£5.020.004 |- |4 |Liverpool |£4.862.963 |- |5 |Arsenal |£4.853.130 |- |6 |Tottenham |£3.515.778 |- |7 |Everton |£3.252.690 |- |8 |West Ham |£3.189.333 |- |9 |Crystal Palace |£2.757.000 |- |10 |Leicester |£2.710.710 |- |11 |Southampton |£2.669.333 |- |12 |Bournemouth |£1.989.520 |- |13 |Watford |£1.775.172 |- |14 |Wolves |£1.757.600 |- |15 |Fulham |£1.727.440 |- |16 |Brighton |£1.695.040 |- |17 |Newcastle |£1.650.133 |- |18 |Burnley |£1.603.197 |- |19 |Huddersfield |£1.238.000 |- |20 |Cardiff |£957.471 |} ===== Ragad transfer pamuter ===== Ragad transfer rekor kanggo pemain Liga Premier terus saya maju sajrone kompetisi. Sadurunge wiwitan musim Liga Premier pisanan, [[Alan Shearer]] dadi pemain Inggris pertama sing duwe biaya transfer luwih saka £ 3 yuta. Rekor kasebut terus meningkat lan [[Philippe Coutinho]] saiki dadi pemain transfer sing nglibatake klub Liga Premier Inggris kanthi rega £ 106 yuta. Ragad transfer paling gedhe sing dibayar dening klub Liga Premier yaiku £ 89 yuta kanggo Paul Pogba. {| class="wikitable" |+Ragad transfer paling dhuwur sing dibayar dening klub Liga Premier Inggris !Per !Pamuter !Gaji !Taun ! colspan="2" |Transfer !Referensi |- |1 |{{flagicon|Brasil}}[[Philippe Coutinho]] |£106 juta |2018 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Liverpool |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}Barcelona |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.football-italia.net/88963/official-pogba-man-utd-%E2%82%AC105m|title=Official: Pogba to Man Utd for €105m {{!}} Football Italia|website=www.football-italia.net|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref><ref name="manutd.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.manutd.com/en/news|title=Man Utd News {{!}} Team news, injury updates, transfers, new signings|website=www.manutd.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/37016170|title=Pogba rejoins Man Utd for record £89m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="espn.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/soccer/|title=Soccer Teams, Scores, Stats, News, Fixtures, Results, Tables - ESPN|website=ESPN.com|language=en|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> |- |2 |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}}[[Eden Hazard]] |£89 juta |2019 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Chelsea |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}Real Madrid |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49224905|title=Man Utd sign defender Maguire for £80m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lequipe.fr/Football/Actualites/Transferts-harry-maguire-le-defenseur-le-plus-cher-de-l-histoire-a-manchester-united-pour-six-ans/1046398|title=Transferts : Harry Maguire, le défenseur le plus cher de l'histoire, à Manchester United pour six ans|website=L'Équipe|language=fr|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> |- |3 |{{flagicon|Wales}}[[Gareth Bale]] |£86 juta |2013 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Tottenham Hotspur |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}Real Madrid |<ref name="manutd.com"/><ref name="espn.com"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40550934|title=Man Utd sign Everton's Lukaku for £75m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2017/07/10/romelu-lukaku-completes-75m-manchester-united-move/|title=Romelu Lukaku completes Manchester United move in deal that could reach world record £90m|last=Ducker|first=James|date=2017-07-10|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |4 |{{flagicon|Portugal}}[[Cristiano Ronaldo]] |£80 juta |2009 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}[[Real Madrid CF|Real Madrid]] |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/42496637|title=Van Dijk to join Liverpool for £75m|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Harry Maguire]] |£80 juta |2019 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Leicester City |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49197553|title=Arsenal confirm winger Pepe signing|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |6 |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}}[[Romelu Lukaku]] |£75 juta |2017 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Everton |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chelseafc.com/en/news/2018/8/8/kepa-arrives-at-chelsea|title=Kepa arrives at Chelsea {{!}} Official Site {{!}} Chelsea Football Club|website=ChelseaFC|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Uruguay}}[[Luis Suárez]] |£75 juta |2014 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Liverpool |{{flagicon|Spanyol}}[[Barcelona]] |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48859841|title=Man City agree £62.8m Rodri signing|work=BBC Sport|access-date=2021-03-09|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon|Belanda}}[[Virgil van Dijk]] |£75 juta |2018 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Southampton |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Liverpool | |- |9 |{{flagicon|Bèlgi}}[[Romelu Lukaku]] |£74 juta |2019 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester United |{{flagicon|Italia}}[[Inter Milan]] | |- |10 |{{flagicon|Aljazair}}[[Riyad Mahrez]] |£60 juta |2018 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Leicester City |{{flagicon|Inggris}}Manchester City | |} ===== Skor paling dhuwur ===== [[Barkas:Alan_Shearer_2008.jpg|jmpl|Alan Shearer adalah pencetak gol terbanyak dalam sejarah Liga Utama Inggris.]] {| class="wikitable" |+''Per 19 Februari 2020'' !Per !Pamuter !Taun !Gol !Katon !Rasio |- |1 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Alan Shearer]] |1992–2006 |260 |441 |0.59 |- |2 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Wayne Rooney]] |2002–2018 |208 |491 |0.42 |- |3 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Andy Cole]] |1992–2008 |187 |414 |0.45 |- |4 |{{flagicon|Argentina}}[[Sergio Agüero]] |2011– |180 |259 |0.69 |- |5 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Frank Lampard]] |1995–2015 |177 |609 |0.29 |- |6 |{{flagicon|Italia}}[[Thierry Henry]] |1999–2007, 2012 |175 |258 |0.68 |- |7 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Robbie Fowler]] |1993–2009 |163 |379 |0.43 |- |8 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Jermain Defoe]] |2001–2003, 2004–2014, 2015–2019 |162 |496 |0.33 |- |9 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Michael Owen]] |1996–2004, 2005–13 |150 |326 |0.46 |- |10 |{{flagicon|Inggris}}[[Les Ferdinand]] |1992–2005 |149 |351 |0.42 |} Penghargaan Shoe Golden dianugerahi pencetak gol utama Liga Premier ing saben musim. Mantan Blackburn Rovers lan pemain Newcastle United Alan Shearer nyekel rekor kanggo top scorer kanthi 260 gol. 28 pemain wis ngetung 100 gol utawa luwih. Wiwit musim Liga Premier kaping pisanan, 14 pemain saka 10 klub menang utawa nuduhake gelar top scorer. Thierry Henry menang gelar kaping papat kanthi nyetak 27 gol ing musim 2005-2006. Andrew Cole (Newcastle United) lan Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers) nyekel rekor paling gol sing dicetak ing sawijining musim, kanthi 34 gol. Manchester United Ryan Giggs nyekel rekor minangka pencetak gol ing musim berturut-turut, sawise ngetung 21 gol ing musim pertama liga. == Penghargaan == [[Barkas:GoldInvinciblesTrophy.jpg|jmpl|Piala Liga Premier digawe saka emas dianugerahi Arsenal sawise menang musim 2003-2004 tanpa kalah]] === Piala === Liga Premier Inggris njaga rong tropi, yaiku piala asli (dicekel juara bertahan) lan replika cadangan. Rong trofi disiapake yen rong klub bisa menang Liga ing dina pungkasan musim iki. Ing acara langka sing luwih saka rong klub saingan kanggo judhul ing dina pungkasan musim iki, replika sing dimenangake dening klub sadurunge bakal digunakake. Trofi Liga Premier paling anyar digawe dening Royal Jewelers Asprey saka London. Piala kasebut kalebu tropi kanthi mahkota emas lan plunggu tembaga. Massa dhasar tekan 33 pon (15&nbsp;kg) lan piala kasebut dhewe duwe jisim 22 pon (10,0&nbsp;kg). Cangkir lan pangkalan dawane 76&nbsp;cm (30&nbsp;in), jembaré 43&nbsp;cm (17&nbsp;in), lan jerone 25&nbsp;cm (9,8 inci). Awak utama piala kasebut yaiku perak salaka lan perak sing dipasang, nanging dhasar digawe saka lazyite, watu semi larang regane. Tapak sikil duwe bandage perak ing saubengé, lan jeneng-jeneng klub sing menang judhule ditulis. Werna ijo malas uga nggambarake lapangan main ijo. Desain piala adhedhasar lambang Tiga Singa sing ana gandhengane karo bal-balan Inggris. Loro singa diselehake ing genggaman ing sisih loro piala, lan sing nomer telu dilambangake karo kapten tim sing menang judhul nalika ngangkat trofi, lan mahkota emas, diluncurake ing pungkasan musim. Werna pita sing digantung ing gagang nggambarake warna tim juara liga taun kasebut. Ing taun 2004, piala emas khusus digawe kanggo ngelingi kemenangan Arsenal tanpa kalah siji. ==== Penghargaan pamuter lan manajer ==== Saliyane piala sing diwenehake menyang klub lan uga medali kanggo individu saka klub sing menang musim, Liga Premier uga wis menehi sawetara penghargaan ing musim iki. Pemain paling apik ing pertandingan kasebut (pemain paling apik) dianugerahi pemain sing duwe efek positif paling gedhe ing sawijining pertandingan. Uga ana penghargaan liyane saben wulan, diwenehake kanggo manajer lan pemain, uga pilihan target sing paling apik. Penghargaan kasebut uga diwenehake saben taun kanggo manajer, pemain, lan target paling apik ing musim iki. The Golden Shoe Award dianugerahi pencetak gol terbanyak saben musim. Penghargaan kasebut uga diwenehake kanggo pemain sing wis mbantu paling akeh, sing diarani playmaker. Penghargaan Sarung Tangan Emas diwenehake menyang [[kiper]] sing paling ora ngakoni. Wiwit musim 2017-2018, para pemain uga nampa penghargaan kanggo tampil ing 100 pertandingan lan saben abad sabanjure. Penghargaan uga diwenehake kanggo pemain sing wis ngetung 50 gol lan gandaan. Saben pemain sing wis nggayuh tonggak sejarah iki bakal nampa kothak sing ngemot medali khusus lan plakat minangka tandha apresiasi marang prestasine. ===== Penghargaan 20 Musim ===== Ing 2012, Liga Premier ngrayakake dasawarsa kaping pindho kanthi dadi 20 Seasons Award. * Tim fantasi ing 20 musim ** '''Pilihan Panel:''' Peter Schmeichel, [[Gary Neville]], [[Tony Adams]], [[Rio Ferdinand]], [[Ashley Cole]], [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Roy Keane]], [[Paul Scholes]], Ryan Giggs, Thierry Henry, Alan Shearer ** Pilihan Umum: [[Peter Schmeichel]], Gary Neville, Tony Adams, [[Nemanja Vidić]], Ashley Cole, Cristiano Ronaldo, Steven Gerrard, Paul Scholes, [[Ryan Giggs]], Thierry Henry, Alan Shearer ** Manajer paling apik: Sir [[Alex Ferguson]] ** Pamuter paling apik: [[Ryan Giggs]] ** Paling katon: [[Gareth Barry]] (652) ** Skor paling dhuwur: [[Alan Shearer]] (260) ** Umume gol kebobolan: [[David James]] (173) ** Klub 500: [[Steven Gerrard]], [[Jamie Carragher]], [[Gareth Barry]], [[Ryan Giggs]], [[David James]], [[Gary Speed]], [[Frank Lampard]], [[Emile Heskey]] lan [[Sol Campbell]]. ** Tujuan Paling Apik: [[Wayne Rooney]], 12 Februari 2011, Man. United vs Manungsa. Kutha ** Simpen paling apik: [[Craig Gordon]], 18 Desember 2010, [[Sunderland A.F.C.|Sunderland]] vs [[Boston|Bolton]] ** Tim Taun: Arsenal 2003-2004. == Referensi == <references /> 6yn5krn84iyu6chc6iqlypcj4wlwme0 4 194984 1752731 1752623 2026-08-17T00:30:43Z LabdajiwaBot 42498 Bot: Ngarsipaké 1 lembar saka [[Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta]] (ARSIP JANGKEP) 1752731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Arsip|Wikipédia:Angkringan Warta}} == ''This Month in GLAM'': December 2025 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XV, Issue XII, December 2025</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Global GLAM Calls Continue in 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikimedian in Residence, 2025, in Elbasan Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: Resume of the year * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: AMaGA partnership, signing the Open Heritage Statement and South Australian Museum Partner Project * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Public Domain Day 2026, Circus Heritage and Fosdem * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Preparándonos para celebrar el día del dominio público - Getting ready for the Public Domain Day celebration * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Exploring Italy and Unlocking Its Heritage: Touring Club Italiano and GLAM Call 2026–2028 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ASBS 2025 Conference follow-up Wiki webinar & Auckland Museum student update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Public Domain, Conferences, and Conversations on Open Culture * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM on Tour Bellinzona, Xmas Event, GLAM Wiki Group * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: December meetings * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Public Domain Day report|Public Domain Day report]]: Public Domain Day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: 2025 in review * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: January's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/December 2025/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Januari 2026 12.57 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=29895284 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-03</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation telah membagikan sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini berfokus pada tren global, uji coba yang lebih cepat dan lebih sehat, dukungan yang lebih baik bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, peningkatan kolaborasi lintas proyek, dan upaya memperluas dan mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari pekerjaan Tim Community Tech dalam proyek [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Daftar pantau ganda]] (''Multiple watchlists''), tampilan [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] akan diperbarui sebagai langkah awal menuju penerapan beberapa daftar pantau. Selain itu, sistem penomoran halaman pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] juga akan diperbarui sebagai bagian dari pengerjaan permintaan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|perombakan penomoran dan navigasi halaman]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] merupakan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|ekstensi]] MediaWiki yang memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini baru-baru ini diperbarui agar tampilannya lebih menyerupai [[Special:Watchlist|Daftar pantau]] biasa, termasuk untuk menyiapkannya menghadapi penggunaan akun sementara dalam penyamaran IP (misalnya dengan mengarahkan ulang pranala pengguna ke halaman kontribusi), menampilkan judul halaman dengan huruf tebal, dan membuka pranala dalam ringkasan suntingan dan label di tab peramban baru. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika pemblokiran global tidak memiliki opsi untuk menonaktifkan pengiriman surel kini telah diperbaiki, dan fitur tersebut dapat digunakan pada pekan 13 Januari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|Perkakas pengutipan di VisualEditor]] dan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Pratinjau Rujukan]] kini mendukung jenis rujukan "peta". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 12 Januari 2026 19.32 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == ''The Signpost'': 15 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/News and notes|Wikipedia's 25th anniversary is here!]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Special report|Wikipedia at 25: A Wake-Up Call]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Serendipity|The WMF wants to buy you books!]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/WikiProject report|Time for a health check: the Vital Signs 2026 campaign]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/In the media|Fake Acting President Trump and a Wikipedia infobox]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Community view|The inbox behind Wikipedia]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Recent research|Art museums on Wikidata; comparing three comparisons of Grokipedia and Wikipedia]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Traffic report|Tonight I'm gonna rock you]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-15/Comix|Oh come on man.]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 15 Januari 2026 15.19 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29899914 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 16 Januari 2026 19.44 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 18 Januari 2026 13.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Tiven2240@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Panel yang ditampilkan pada [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] dalam tampilan seluler telah didesain ulang. Panel ini kini ditampilkan dalam keadaan tertutup secara bawaan dan dilengkapi dengan pranala untuk membatalkan suntingan yang sedang ditinjau, sehingga memudahkan penyunting dan peninjau di perangkat seluler untuk mengambil tindakan tanpa membuat antarmuka terlihat penuh. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantau Global]] memungkinkan Anda melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. Ekstensi ini terus dikembangkan dan kini mampu menentukan arah teks secara otomatis, sehingga tampilan situs dengan nama domain yang tidak lazim tetap benar. Ekstensi ini juga menampilkan keterangan yang lebih rinci untuk setiap tindakan dalam log. Pada akhir pekan ini, akan ditambahkan pranala permanen baru untuk pembuatan halaman dan kelas CSS untuk setiap elemen entri. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya ditemukan pada Vector 2022, yaitu tujuan pranala jangkar tertutup oleh tajuk yang menempel (''sticky header''), kini telah ditangani. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagaimana disebutkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|pengumuman penghentian bertahap pada Oktober 2025]], Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki akan mulai menghentikan seluruh titik akhir transformasi (''transform endpoint'') pada MediaWiki REST API yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir alamat (''trailing slash'') pada pekan 26 Januari. Perubahan ini diperkirakan akan diterapkan di semua wiki paling lambat 30 Januari. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih menggunakannya diimbau untuk beralih ke versi titik akhir tanpa garis miring di akhir. Kedua variasi titik akhir tersebut dapat ditemukan, dibandingkan, dan diuji melalui [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. Jika memiliki pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan ajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * Dokumentasi rujukan interaktif untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] telah dipindahkan. Permintaan ke dokumentasi API yang sebelumnya diinang melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (misalnya <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) kini akan dialihkan ke [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata Wikimedia Foundation]] (WDP) telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala Januari 2026]]. Nawala ini memuat pembaruan mengenai penghentian titik akhir graf penuh (''full-graph'') lama, perubahan kebijakan User-Agent, jadwal sesi diskusi bulanan migrasi Blazegraph, dan upaya untuk mengurangi kemunduran (regresi) yang disebabkan oleh penonaktifan titik akhir lama tersebut. Sebagai pengingat, Anda dapat [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|berlangganan nawala WDP]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Eropa Barat Laut 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 13–14 Maret 2026 di Arnhem, Belanda. Pendaftaran dibuka sejak pertengahan Desember dan akan segera ditutup atau ditutup lebih awal jika kuota peserta telah terpenuhi. Acara ini merupakan hackathon teknis selama dua hari yang mempertemukan para Wikimediawan dari kawasan tersebut. Sampai jumpa di sana! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19 Januari 2026 20.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Tinjauan tahunan untuk Kode Etik Universal dan Panduan Penegakan</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Saya ingin menyampaikan bahwa periode peninjauan tahunan Kode Etik Universal dan Pedoman Penegakannya saat ini telah dibuka. Usulan perubahan dapat diajukan hingga 9 Februari 2026. Tahap ini merupakan langkah awal dari rangkaian proses peninjauan tahunan yang akan dilakukan.[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Informasi lengkap dan ruang diskusi tersedia di halaman UCoC di Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Komite Pengarah Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) adalah grup global yang didedikasikan untuk memberikan implementasi yang adil dan konsisten dari UCoC. Tinjauan tahunan ini telah direncanakan dan diimplementasikan oleh U4C. Untuk informasi dan tanggung jawab U4C lebih lanjut, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Anda dapat meninjaunya pada piagam U4C]]. Mohon bagikan informasi ini pada anggota lain di komunitas Anda di mana pun yang mungkin sesuai. -- Bekerja sama dengan U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|bicara]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 19 Januari 2026 21.01 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengundang masukan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|usulan arah masa depan]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] hingga 28 Februari. * Semua pengguna dengan akun terdaftar kini dapat menggunakan kunci sandi (''passkey'') untuk [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Kunci sandi merupakan cara masuk yang lebih sederhana tanpa perlu menggunakan perangkat kedua. Identitas pengguna diverifikasi melalui sidik jari, pemindaian wajah, atau kode PIN. Untuk menggunakan kunci sandi, pengguna harus terlebih dahulu mengaktifkan metode 2FA standar. Saat ini, proses masuk dengan kunci sandi masih memerlukan kata sandi. Pada kuartal ini, fitur masuk tanpa kata sandi akan memungkinkan pengguna masuk dengan satu klik menggunakan kunci sandi. Pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan juga akan diwajibkan mengaktifkan 2FA. Kebijakan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. * Kontributor tidak terdaftar yang berasal dari alamat IP atau rentang IP yang diblokir kini dapat berinteraksi di wiki untuk mengajukan banding pemblokiran dengan membuat akun sementara dan menyampaikannya melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna, selama opsi "mencegah pengguna ini menyunting halaman pembicaraannya sendiri" tidak diaktifkan. Perubahan ini mengatasi masalah sebelumnya, yaitu pengguna yang tidak masuk log (keluar log dari akun) tidak dapat menggunakan prosedur pembukaan blokir standar melalui halaman pembicaraan pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:20}} {{PLURAL:20|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, deskripsi metode Autentikasi Dua-Faktor (2FA) pada halaman pengelolaan kini telah diperbarui. Penjelasannya menjadi lebih jelas dan lebih mudah dipahami serta digunakan oleh pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah variabel AbuseFilter baru, <code>account_type</code>, telah ditambahkan untuk menyediakan cara yang andal dalam menentukan jenis akun yang sedang dibuat pada tindakan <code>createaccount</code> dan <code>autocreateaccount</code>. Sebagai bagian dari perubahan ini, variabel <code>accountname</code> telah diubah namanya menjadi <code>account_name</code>, dan <code>accountname</code> kini dinyatakan tidak lagi digunakan (''deprecated''). Pengelola penyaring suntingan disarankan untuk memperbarui penyaring apa pun yang masih menggunakan pemeriksaan jenis akun yang ditulis langsung (''hardcoded'') atau variabel yang telah dinyatakan tidak digunakan tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Keluku (''thumbnail'') yang diminta dengan ukuran tidak standar dan menggunakan cara tidak standar, seperti permintaan langsung ke <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code>, akan berhenti berfungsi dalam waktu dekat. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan berkelanjutan oleh pengambil data otomatis (''web scraper'') dan bot. Sebagian pengguna dengan CSS/JS khusus, pengurus antarmuka yang dapat memperbaiki gawai dan kulit lokal, serta pembuat alat, perlu memperbarui kode mereka agar menggunakan ukuran gambar mini standar. [[phab:T414805|Informasi lengkap, pranala pencarian, dan contoh cara memperbaikinya tersedia pada tugas terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 26 Januari 2026 21.16 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == This Month in Education: January 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto "25x25" llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 28 Januari 2026 18.26 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=29951116 --> == Your feedback wanted: improve transparency of Wikidata edits affecting your Wiki == ''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate to your language to help spread the message.)'' Hello everyone, I am writing on behalf of Wikimedia Deutschland’s [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team. I have news about our focus area on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|“increasing the transparency of Wikidata edits that can affect your wiki”]], especially for patrollers, reviewers and editors of recent changes and watchlists. '''Your wiki will soon receive a change making the user-preference “Show Wikidata edits” an opt-out for the recent changes and watchlists pages.''' This is scheduled for '''''27 February, 2026'''''. '''[What does this mean?]''' * Accounts registered on this wiki will see Wikidata edits in the [[:jv:Mirunggan:Kaca_anyar|Recent Changes]] page * Accounts registered on this wiki will see Wikidata edits in [[:jv:Mirunggan:Pawawangan|Watchlists]] * You can opt-out and disable this setting at any time in your [[:jv:Mirunggan:Pilalan|user settings]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|(Here is a guide to enable/disable this setting)]]. '''[How you can help?]'''<br> We’d love to hear from you! Your experiences, feedback, and ideas are invaluable as we work to improve the visibility and utility of Wikidata edits. We are particularly interested to hear from: * '''Patrollers:''' How has the change influenced your workflow in spotting, reviewing, and acting on edits in recent changes? * '''Editors:''' How has the change affected your experience in monitoring and reviewing changes to your watched pages? * '''General reflections:''' Is there anything about Wikidata edits that you find confusing, surprising, or difficult to act on? If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! More in depth information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Show_Wikidata_edits|the project page on Meta]]. If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the talk page of the project. We will gladly answer! Thank you, -- [[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|rembugan]]) 23 Januari 2026 15.35 (UTC) :''Hello @[[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]], we would be happy to try the new change. Thanks for [[Parembugan_Naraguna:Bennylin#c-Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)-20260127141300-Wikidata_edit_visibility_in_recent_changes/watchlists|informing us]].'' :Kanggé kanca-kanca, mengko nang kaca [[Mirunggan:Owahan anyar]] bakal ana pratélan besutan Wikidata. Yèn keganggu, isa sètingané isa dipatèni ing [[Mirunggan:Preferensi]]. [[Panganggo:Bennylin|Bennylin]] (<small>[[Dhiskusi_Panganggo:Bennylin|ꦉꦩ꧀ꦧꦸꦒ꧀ꦒꦤ꧀]]</small>) 28 Januari 2026 06.14 (UTC) ::Great! I will keep you informed for any changes or developments. Thanks again --[[Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|rembugan]]) 28 Januari 2026 08.44 (UTC) : Personally I find this very interesting, as we can track and patrol users's changes on interwiki links and when needed revert them back. Actually I did reply you on my talk page *https://jv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parembugan_Naraguna%3AMeursault2004&diff=1742658&oldid=1742656). [[User:Meursault2004|Meursault2004]]^{[[User_talk:Meursault2004|ngobrol]]} 29 Januari 2026 05.03 (UTC) == ''The Signpost'': 29 January 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Traffic report|The most viewed articles of 2025]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News and notes|Good news... but also bad news for the Public Domain]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/News from Diff|Solving puzzles together]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/In the media|Every view on the 25th anniversary of everything]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-01-29/Comix|Perspectives]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 29 Januari 2026 06.31 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=29988053 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 72 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 72, November–December 2025 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * Renewed partnerships * Spotlight: Strengthening Wikimedia Collaborations with and for Open Science <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/November-December 2025|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 29 Januari 2026 12.44 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=29991504 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" yang menampilkan informasi validasi tentang suatu halaman ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} contoh]) kini secara otomatis akan menyertakan daftar isi. Jika terdapat halaman lokal [[MediaWiki:Pageinfo-header]] yang dibuat oleh pengguna, halaman tersebut kini dapat dihapus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebelumnya VisualEditor menambahkan pemformatan tebal atau miring di dalam deskripsi pranala, sehingga membuat kode wiki menjadi rumit. Hal ini kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tidak ada salinan XML pada 20 Januari. Selain itu, mulai sekarang, salinan data hanya akan dihasilkan satu kali per bulan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki telah menghapus dukungan untuk seluruh titik akhir transformasi yang menggunakan garis miring di akhir (''trailing slash'') dari [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API REST API MediaWiki]. Seluruh pengguna API yang saat ini masih memanggil titik akhir tersebut dianjurkan untuk beralih ke versi tanpa garis miring di akhir. Apabila terdapat pertanyaan atau mengalami kendala, silakan mengajukan tiket di Phabricator pada papan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Foundation mengingatkan para pengguna bahwa sejumlah pertanyaan panduan untuk Rencana Tahunan Juli 2026–Juni 2027 telah dibagikan melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] dan ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. Pertanyaan ini menyoroti berbagai isu utama, termasuk tren global, pengembangan eksperimen yang lebih cepat dan berkelanjutan, peningkatan dukungan bagi pengguna baru, penguatan peran penyunting dan pengguna tingkat lanjut, optimalisasi kolaborasi antarproyek, dan upaya meningkatkan serta mempertahankan jumlah pembaca. Masukan, saran, dan gagasan dapat disampaikan melalui [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|halaman pembicaraannya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Fèbruari 2026 17.43 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Kontributor yang masuk log dan mengelola daftar pantauan yang besar atau kompleks kini dapat mengatur dan menyaring halaman yang dipantau dengan lebih efektif melalui fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Label Daftar Pantauan]] yang baru. Dengan menambahkan label tersuai, misalnya halaman yang dibuat sendiri, halaman yang dipantau untuk vandalisme, atau halaman diskusi, pengguna dapat lebih cepat mengidentifikasi halaman yang memerlukan perhatian, mengurangi beban kognitif, dan merespons dengan lebih efisien. Peningkatan ini membuat daftar pantauan lebih mudah digunakan, terutama bagi penyunting yang sangat aktif. * Sebuah fitur baru yang tersedia di [[Special:Contributions|Istimewa:Kontribusi]] kini menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|akun sementara]] yang kemungkinan dioperasikan oleh orang yang sama, sehingga proses patroli menjadi lebih efisien dan tidak memakan banyak waktu. Saat memeriksa kontribusi suatu akun sementara, pengguna yang memiliki akses ke alamat IP akun sementara kini dapat melihat tampilan kontribusi dari akun-akun sementara terkait. Fitur ini menelusuri seluruh alamat IP yang terkait dengan suatu akun sementara dalam periode retensi data, lalu menampilkan semua kontribusi dari seluruh akun sementara yang pernah menggunakan alamat IP tersebut. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * Saat para penyunting melakukan pratayang suntingan teks wiki, kotak pengingat di bagian atas yang menunjukkan bahwa yang ditampilkan hanyalah pratayang kini menggunakan latar belakang abu-abu/netral, bukan lagi kuning/peringatan. Perubahan ini memudahkan pembedaan antara catatan pratayang dan peringatan yang sebenarnya (misalnya konflik suntingan atau sasaran pengalihan yang bermasalah), yang kini akan ditampilkan dalam kotak peringatan atau kesalahan terpisah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna meninjau daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini terus mengalami penyempurnaan, yang kini mendukung lebih dari satu situs Wikibase secara optimal, seperti [[d:|Wikidata]] dan [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. Selain itu, kendala tentang arah teks telah diperbaiki bagi pengguna Wikidata atau situs Wikibase lain yang menggunakan bahasa dengan arah kanan ke kiri (RTL). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * "Pranala magis" otomatis untuk nomor ISBN, RFC, dan PMID [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|telah dinyatakan usang dalam teks wiki sejak 2021]] karena kurang fleksibel dan menyulitkan pelokalan. Sejumlah wiki telah berhasil menggantikan pranala magis RFC dan PMID dengan pranala luar yang setara, tetapi untuk menggantikan fungsi pranala magis ISBN sering kali diperlukan templat khusus. Kini telah tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|fungsi pengurai bawaan]] baru, <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code>, yang dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan fungsi dasar pranala magis ISBN. Hal ini memudahkan wiki yang ingin bermigrasi dari fungsi pranala magis yang telah dinyatakan usang tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Dua wiki baru telah dibuat: ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q35401|bahasa Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} dalam [[d:Q1186896|bahasa Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah kelompok pengguna global baru telah dibuat, yaitu [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. Kelompok ini digunakan secara internal oleh perangkat lunak untuk memungkinkan bot komunitas melewati pembatasan laju (''rate limit'') yang diterapkan terhadap [[w:en:Web scraping|perayap web]] (''web scraper'') yang bersifat merusak. Akun yang telah disetujui sebagai bot di setidaknya satu wiki Wikimedia akan secara otomatis ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok ini. Perubahan ini tidak memengaruhi atau mengubah hak akses yang dimiliki oleh bot tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|Konferensi Pengguna dan Pengembang MediaWiki Musim Semi 2026]] akan diselenggarakan pada 25–27 Maret 2026 di Salt Lake City, Amerika Serikat. Acara ini diselenggarakan oleh dan untuk komunitas MediaWiki pihak ketiga. Peserta dapat mengusulkan sesi serta mendaftarkan diri untuk mengikuti konferensi ini. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Fèbruari 2026 23.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': January 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue I, January 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Wikipedia at 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Pap-Wikipedia Turns 20: A Milestone for Papiamento/u Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Celebrando el día del dominio público 2026/Celebrating the public domain day 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: Wikipedia's Birthday in France * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Gifted by our friends: Loads of presents for Wikipedia25 by German and Austrian GLAMs * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Indonesia report|Indonesia report]]: Activities in December-January * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Knowledge in action: Barindelli collection and Wikipedia 25 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Image donation Dutch Book History * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Auckland Museum Student Edit-a-thon, the NZBSI Wikimedian in Residence project, and other residencies * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: GLAM Program of Wikimedia MKD – 2026 Overview * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Explore Historic Portraits from the Museum of Photography in Kraków * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: January in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum in Chiasso, Alpine Museum, Women Monuments * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Sharing more of the Enamels of the World * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Map the GLAM report|Map the GLAM report]]: Wiki and GLAM: Harnessing Knowledge to Foster Gender Equality * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Manuscripts on Arabic Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Wikidata report|Wikidata report]]: Two key Wikidata Requests for Comments, relevant for future GLAM-Wiki work * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: February's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/January 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Fèbruari 2026 08.33 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30055818 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|Tim SRE]] akan membersihkan Etherpad, yaitu penyunting berbasis web sumber terbuka untuk penyuntingan dokumen kolaboratif langsung. Seluruh catatan (''pad'') akan dihapus secara permanen setelah 30 April 2026. Harap membuat salinan cadangan lokal atas konten apa pun yang ingin dipertahankan karena data yang telah dihapus tidak dapat dipulihkan. Pembersihan ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi ukuran basis data dan meminimalkan jejak infrastruktur. Etherpad akan tetap mendukung kolaborasi langsung, tetapi tidak ditujukan untuk penyimpanan jangka panjang. Pembersihan tambahan dapat dilakukan di masa mendatang tanpa pemberitahuan sebelumnya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pengambilan Informasi (''Information Retrieval'') akan meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|eksperimen aplikasi seluler Android]] untuk menguji pencarian hibrida yang mampu menangani kueri semantik dan berbasis kata kunci. Peningkatan pencarian di dalam platform ini bertujuan memudahkan pembaca menemukan informasi yang dicari secara langsung di Wikipedia. Eksperimen ini akan pertama kali diluncurkan di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani pada akhir Februari, kemudian diperluas ke Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis pada bulan Maret. Informasi selengkapnya [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ dapat dibaca] di Diff. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.</span> * <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:19}} {{PLURAL:19|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah di [[Special:RecentChanges|Istimewa:PerubahanTerbaru]] telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, ketika pengguna mengeklik sembunyikan pada penyaring aktif, tombol "lihat perubahan baru sejak…" ikut menghilang, padahal seharusnya tetap ditampilkan. Kini, tombol tersebut telah berfungsi dan ditampilkan sebagaimana mestinya.</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * <span class="mw-translate-fuzzy">Dokumentasi baru kini tersedia untuk membantu para penyunting menelusuri dan mendiagnosis masalah pada fitur pencarian di situs. Dokumentasi ini mendukung proses pemecahan masalah ketika halaman tidak muncul dalam hasil pencarian, ketika peringkat hasil terasa tidak sesuai, dan ketika perlu memeriksa konten apa saja yang sedang diindeks. Dengan demikian, perilaku pencarian menjadi lebih mudah dipahami dan dianalisis. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Pelajari lebih lanjut]].</span> [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Fèbruari 2026 19.16 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == ''The Signpost'': 17 February 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/In the media|Global powers see Wikipedia as fundamental target for manipulation]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/News and notes|Discussions open for the next WMF Annual Plan]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Serendipity|Maintenance crews continue to slog through Wikipedia's oldest Featured Articles]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Disinformation report|Epstein's obsessions]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Technology report|Wikidata Graph Split and how we address major challenges]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Traffic report|Deaths, killings, films, and the Olympics]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Opinion|Incoming Incurables]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Crossword|Pop quiz]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-02-17/Comix|herculean]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 17 Fèbruari 2026 08.03 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30039447 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Pemeriksaan Referensi]] kini telah diterapkan di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, menandai selesainya peluncuran fitur ini di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur tersebut mendorong pengguna baru untuk menambahkan rujukan sebelum memublikasikan konten baru, sehingga membantu menekan pembatalan suntingan akibat kekurangan rujukan dan meningkatkan keterverifikasian. Hasil pengujian A/B menunjukkan dampak yang kuat: pengguna baru yang ditampilkan Pemeriksaan Rujukan sekitar 2,2 kali lebih sering menambahkan rujukan di desktop dan sekitar 17,5 kali lebih sering di web seluler. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|Ekstensi InterwikiSorting]], yang sebelumnya memungkinkan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|pengurutan pranala antarwiki]], telah dinonaktifkan di Wikipedia. Dampaknya, penyunting yang mengaktifkan pengurutan pranala antarwiki dalam mode tidak ringkas (format daftar penuh) kini akan melihat urutan pranala berubah. Ke depannya, pranala antarwiki akan ditampilkan berdasarkan urutan alfabet kode bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Mulai akhir pekan ini, pengguna yang menyunting suatu bagian halaman menggunakan VisualEditor seluler akan melihat tombol baru "Sunting seluruh halaman". Dengan mengetuk tombol tersebut, pengguna dapat langsung menyunting keseluruhan artikel. Fitur ini memudahkan ketika perubahan yang ingin dilakukan ternyata berada di luar bagian yang awalnya dibuka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] mengundang para penyunting untuk menilai apakah mode gelap masih perlu dianggap sebagai fitur beta di wiki masing-masing berdasarkan pengalaman penggunaan dan kinerjanya di perangkat desktop maupun seluler. Apabila fitur ini dinilai telah matang, para penyunting dapat memperbarui pesan antarmuka di <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> dan <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> untuk menunjukkan bahwa mode gelap telah siap digunakan dan tidak lagi berstatus beta. * [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Tab Aktivitas]] yang telah ditingkatkan dan menampilkan wawasan pengguna kini tersedia untuk seluruh pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia iOS (versi 7.9.0 dan yang lebih baru). Setelah uji A/B sebelumnya menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah pembuatan akun pada pengguna yang memiliki akses ke fitur ini, pembaruan tersebut kini diluncurkan kepada 100% pengguna, dan disertai dengan sejumlah penyempurnaan. Tab Aktivitas kini menampilkan artikel-artikel yang telah disunting dalam lini masa, menyajikan wawasan dampak penyuntingan seperti jumlah kontribusi dan tren kunjungan artikel, serta menyediakan opsi penyesuaian untuk meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan aplikasi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Contohnya, sebuah kekutu yang sebelumnya menyebabkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] tidak berfungsi di perangkat seluler kini telah diperbaiki, sehingga fungsionalitasnya kembali berjalan sepenuhnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]] memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] yang mendukung fitur ini terus dikembangkan. Pembaruan terbaru menambahkan [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|kait baru]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, yang dijalankan setiap kali daftar pantauan dibangun ulang. Dengan adanya kait ini, gawai dan skrip pengguna kini dapat dijalankan pada halaman Istimewa tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Fèbruari 2026 19.02 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Mode Ulang Tahun]] ke-25 Wikipedia kini telah tersedia di Wikipedia bahasa Betawi, Breton, Tionghoa, Ceko, Belanda, Inggris, Prancis, Gorontalo, Indonesia, Italia, Luksemburg, Madura, Sisilia, Spanyol, Thai, dan Vietnam. Fitur kampanye waktu terbatas ini merayakan 25 tahun Wikipedia dengan maskot ulang tahun bernama Baby Globe. Saat diaktifkan, Baby Globe akan muncul di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|sekitar 2.500 artikel]] dan dapat ditemukan oleh para pembaca. Komunitas dapat memilih untuk mengaktifkan Mode Ulang Tahun dengan mencapai konsensus di tingkat komunitas, lalu meminta pengurus untuk mengaktifkan dan menyesuaikan fitur tersebut melalui [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|pengaturan komunitas]] di wiki lokal masing-masing. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur baru [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], yang memungkinkan penggunaan ulang rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda, telah dirilis di Wikipedia bahasa Swedia, Polandia, dan [[:phab:T418209|beberapa wiki lainnya]]. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|Fitur ini dapat dicoba]] di proyek-proyek tersebut atau di testwiki dan [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Pembelajaran dari wiki percontohan pertama, yaitu Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, telah [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|dirilis dalam sebuah laporan]]. Jika [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|berminat untuk menjadi wiki percontohan]], silakan menghubungi tim Wikimedia Deutschland. * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Pemeriksaan Tempel]] (''Paste Check'') akan tersedia di seluruh Wikipedia pekan ini. Fitur ini menampilkan pengingat kepada pengguna baru yang menempelkan teks ke dalam VisualEditor yang kemungkinan besar bukan hasil tulisan mereka sendiri agar mempertimbangkan risiko pelanggaran hak cipta. Pemeriksaan Tempel juga [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|menandai]] semua suntingan yang memunculkan pengingat tersebut untuk kemungkinan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Pengurus lokal dapat mengatur berbagai aspek fitur ini melalui [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Penelitian]] di 22 wiki menunjukkan bahwa Pemeriksaan Tempel menghasilkan penurunan relatif sebesar 18% pada suntingan yang dibatalkan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Para penerjemah dapat membantu [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate melokalkan] fitur ini dan fitur terkait lainnya. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] akan melakukan standardisasi menu pengguna di pojok kanan atas bagi seluruh pengguna seluler agar lebih selaras dengan pengalaman di desktop. Saat ini, menu tersebut hanya terlihat oleh pengguna yang mengaktifkan Kontrol Seluler Lanjutan (''Advanced Mobile Controls''/AMC). Perubahan yang dilakukan hanya berupa pemindahan beberapa tombol yang sebelumnya berada di menu sisi kiri ke pojok kanan atas bagi pengguna yang tidak mengaktifkan AMC. Perubahan ini dijadwalkan diterapkan pada 9 Maret dan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan antarmuka pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Mulai pekan 2 Maret, surel yang dikirim saat alamat surel pada suatu akun ditambahkan, dihapus, atau diubah akan beralih dari format teks biasa menjadi surel HTML yang tampilannya lebih rapi dan informatif. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Saat ini, setiap pengguna dapat menyimpan hingga 2.000 notifikasi lama, dengan riwayat yang mencakup sejak 2013 ketika fitur ini diperkenalkan. Ke depan, sistem akan diubah sehingga hanya notifikasi dari lima tahun terakhir yang disimpan, tetapi dengan kapasitas yang ditingkatkan hingga 10.000 notifikasi. Penyesuaian ini dilakukan untuk menjaga kesehatan infrastruktur dalam jangka panjang sekaligus mengurangi kemungkinan notifikasi terbaru hilang lebih cepat dari yang seharusnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami penyempurnaan. Pembaruan terbaru meningkatkan pengalaman penggunaan label. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|Ekstensi]] ini kini memungkinkan pengaktifan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|sistem pengganti bahasa]] (''language fallback'') untuk butir Wikidata yang tidak memiliki label dalam bahasa yang sedang ditampilkan, dan menampilkan label tersebut dalam bahasa Wikidata pilihan pengguna apabila tidak ada parameter URL <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> yang digunakan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * Tim Wikipedia Android telah memulai uji coba beta fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|pencarian hibrida]] di Wikipedia bahasa Yunani. Fitur pencarian hibrida ini dapat menangani pencarian berdasarkan makna maupun kata kunci, sehingga pembaca dapat menemukan informasi yang dicari secara lebih mudah langsung di Wikipedia. * Demi meningkatkan keamanan, anggota dari sejumlah kelompok pengguna [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Saat ini, 2FA menjadi syarat untuk menggunakan hak akses dalam kelompok tersebut, tetapi belum menjadi syarat untuk tercatat sebagai anggotanya. Karena kebijakan ini masih memiliki beberapa kelemahan, perubahan akan [[phab:T418580|dilakukan secara bertahap mulai bulan Maret]]. Anggota kelompok terkait tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan satu-satunya metode 2FA yang tersisa di akun mereka. Selain itu, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA tidak dapat ditambahkan ke dalam kelompok tersebut. Pengguna tetap dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama minimal satu metode 2FA tetap aktif. Pada paruh kedua bulan Maret, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok ini. Ketentuan ini berlaku untuk pengurus CentralNotice, pemeriksa, pengurus antarmuka, pengawas, staf Wikidata, staf Wikifunctions, WMF Office IT, dan WMF Trust & Safety. Tidak ada perubahan bagi pengguna lainnya. Jadwal pelaksanaan dapat dilihat pada tugas yang ditautkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang sebelumnya menghalangi pengguna untuk membuat sebuah instans (''instance'') di [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], dalam satu bulan ke depan Wikimedia Foundation akan menerapkan pembatasan jumlah permintaan (''rate limit'') API secara global pada seluruh API yang digunakan. Pada awal Maret, batas yang lebih ketat akan diberlakukan untuk permintaan yang tidak teridentifikasi dari luar Toolforge/WMCS dan permintaan API yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diterapkan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin agar dampaknya terhadap komunitas tetap minimal. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * Layanan ''Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment'' (LDF) akan dihentikan pada bulan Februari. Layanan ini hanya melayani lalu lintas yang terbatas, dan penggunaannya telah berhasil dialihkan ke metode akses data lain yang lebih sesuai untuk mendukung kebutuhan yang ada. Perangkat keras yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk mendukung layanan LDF akan dialokasikan kembali guna menunjang proses migrasi sistem bagian belakang yang sedang berlangsung. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * Pengurai Parsoid versi terbaru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|terus diperluas penggunaannya ke berbagai wiki lainnya]]. Penerapan ini mendukung keberlanjutan sistem dan mempermudah pengembangan fitur baru untuk kegiatan membaca dan penyuntingan. Kini, Parsoid telah menjadi pengurai utama di 488 wiki milik Wikimedia Foundation, termasuk 268 edisi Wikipedia. Cakupan tersebut mewakili lebih dari 10% dari total tayangan halaman di seluruh Wikipedia. * Proses dan kriteria untuk [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|mengajukan akses khusus]] ke umpan data berkapasitas tinggi dari API Wikimedia Enterprise (tanpa biaya untuk penggunaan yang sejalan dengan misi) [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|kini telah dipublikasikan]]. Publikasi ini bertujuan menyediakan dokumentasi yang lebih lengkap dan jelas bagi para pengguna. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], yang selama ini menjadi blog bagi komunitas teknis Wikimedia, [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ akan digabungkan] ke [[diffblog:|Diff]], blog yang memuat berita dan kegiatan komunitas. Proses penggabungan ini ditargetkan rampung pada April 2026. Setelah proses tersebut selesai, kiriman tulisan baru akan kembali dibuka untuk dipublikasikan. Semua tulisan, baik yang lama dan yang baru, tetap dapat dibaca melalui halaman khusus di https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 2 Maret 2026 17.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == This Month in Education: February 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 3 Maret 2026 11.55 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30155806 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai bagian dari uji coba pengalihan peladen pusat data ke peladen cadangan, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|yang dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dialihkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Pengujian ini bertujuan memastikan layanan tetap tersedia dan mengurangi kemungkinan gangguan layanan, termasuk dalam keadaan darurat. * Pekan lalu, seluruh wiki sempat berada dalam mode hanya-baca selama sekitar dua jam. Selain itu, skrip pengguna dan gawai juga mengalami gangguan lebih lama dari biasanya. Kejadian ini disebabkan oleh sebuah insiden keamanan yang kini telah ditangani. Langkah-langkah untuk mencegah kejadian serupa masih terus dilakukan. Informasi terkini dapat dilihat pada [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|pengumuman di papan pengumuman penatalayan]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|tersedia terjemahan]]). '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna yang terkena beberapa pemblokiran saat mengakses melalui perangkat seluler kini akan melihat alasan untuk setiap pemblokiran secara terpisah, bukan lagi satu pesan umum. Hal ini membantu pengguna memahami alasan pemblokiran yang mereka alami serta langkah-langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Sebagai contoh, pengguna yang terdampak karena menggunakan VPN umum (seperti [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) akan mendapatkan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai apa yang perlu dilakukan agar dapat kembali menyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Pada akhir pekan ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] (''Suggestion Mode'') akan tersedia sebagai fitur beta di penyunting visual di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini memberikan berbagai saran tindakan yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk memperbaiki artikel Wikipedia, dan membantu pengguna mempelajari pedoman yang relevan. Pengaturan fitur ini dapat disesuaikan oleh setiap wiki dan juga dapat diperluas dengan menambahkan saran khusus. Pengaturan yang saat ini berlaku dapat dilihat di halaman [[Special:EditChecks]]. Selain itu, tersedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|panduan bagi pengurus untuk menyesuaikan]] pranala agar mengarah ke pedoman lokal. Mode Saran terhubung dengan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Pemeriksaan Suntingan]] yang memberikan saran perbaikan ketika seseorang sedang menulis konten baru. Ke depannya, tim Penyuntingan (''Editing'') berencana menilai dampak fitur ini terhadap pengguna baru melalui sebuah percobaan terkontrol. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah ketika posisi kursor menjadi tidak selaras saat menggunakan penyorotan sintaks CodeMirror (fitur yang memudahkan pembacaan teks wiki dan kode) kini telah diperbaiki. Masalah ini secara khusus memengaruhi pengguna yang menetapkan aturan jenis huruf dalam lembar gaya tersuai ketika membuat topik baru dengan menggunakan DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Pembaruan pembatasan permintaan API: Untuk membantu memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]], pembatasan jumlah permintaan API secara global akan mulai diterapkan pada minggu ini. Pembatasan ini berlaku untuk permintaan tanpa User-Agent yang sesuai yang berasal dari luar Toolforge/WMCS, serta untuk permintaan API tanpa autentikasi yang dilakukan melalui peramban web. Pada bulan April, batas yang lebih tinggi akan diberlakukan untuk lalu lintas yang teridentifikasi. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, semua pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah diperbarui. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat halaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * API GraphQL yang baru kini telah tersedia. API ini dikembangkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih fleksibel untuk beberapa fitur di Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemudahan bagi pengembang, mendukung fleksibilitas penggunaan, dan mempercepat akses data. Pengguna dipersilakan untuk mencoba API ini dan [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|memberikan masukan]]. Pengembang juga dapat [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply mendaftar untuk mengikuti uji kegunaan]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Kelompok Kerja untuk Perkakas yang Tidak Didukung]] melanjutkan peningkatan pada [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] sepanjang Februari. Pembaruan ini mencakup perbaikan kesalahan autentikasi, penanganan berkas berukuran besar, visibilitas antrean tugas, dan penjelasan yang lebih jelas mengenai proses pengunggahan. Sejumlah pekerjaan masih terus berlangsung di beberapa bagian, termasuk perubahan yang berkaitan dengan metode pengunggahan dari sisi peladen yang sudah tidak digunakan lagi. Baca [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|kabar terkini]] untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Panduan Artikel (''Article Guidance'') mengundang penyunting Wikipedia berpengalaman dari sejumlah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|wiki percontohan]] dan kontributor yang berminat dari Wikipedia lainnya untuk mengisi angket ini. Angket tersebut tersedia dalam [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform bahasa Inggris], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arab], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Jepang], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portugis], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persia], dan [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turki]. Jawaban yang diberikan akan membantu tim untuk menyesuaikan panduan bagi penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman, sekaligus membantu mereka mempelajari kebijakan dan praktik komunitas saat membuat artikel. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dilihat di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|halaman proyek tersebut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 9 Maret 2026 18.52 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == ''The Signpost'': 10 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Interview|Bernadette Meehan, new Wikimedia Foundation CEO]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/News and notes|Security testing unleashes computer worm on Meta-wiki]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Special report|What actually happened during the Wikimedia security incident?]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In the media|Indonesian government blocks Wikimedia logins; archive site scoured from Wikipedia after owner runs malware]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Recent research|To wiki, perchance to groki]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Obituary|Madhav Gadgil, Fredrick Brennan, Mark Miller, Chip Berlet]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Opinion|Interface administrators and trusting trust]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Technology report|English Wikipedia deprecates archive.today after DDoS against blog, altered content]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Op-ed|Why is "Trypsin-sensitive photosynthetic activities in chloroplast membranes" cited in "List of tallest buildings in Chicago"?]] * Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Essay|The pursuit of a button click]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In focus|Short descriptions: One year later]] * WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/WikiProject report|Unreferenced articles backlog drive]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Community view|Speaking of planning ...]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Traffic report|Over the mountain, kissing silver inlaid clouds]] * Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Crossword|"It will never happen"]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Comix|BRIEn't]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 10 Maret 2026 04.14 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30121359 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 73 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 73, January–February 2026 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * Four new partnerships * User survey thanks <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/January-February 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 11 Maret 2026 12.06 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=30224864 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': February 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue II, February 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in 2026 is calling to action! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: A photo safari through Wiki Loves Fashion & a rescue mission with Mission Gourmande! * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: National Library overview of 2025 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Cultural Heritage and Memory: 2026 GLAM Call and Executed Renaissance Edit-a-thon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students and an update on the NZBSI WiR * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Wikipedia in Cultural Marketing at Crash Mondays Warsaw * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: February in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: Wikidata in the GLAM context II * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Neocomensia, SAPA, Atelier Winterthur, GLAM-on-Tour Disentis * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: New content in African and Asian languages * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Focus on Indigenous issues * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: March's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/February 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Maret 2026 00.51 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30232291 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], telah digunakan untuk penyorotan sintaks teks wiki sejak November 2024. Fitur ini direncanakan keluar dari status beta pada Mei 2026 agar berbagai perbaikan dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|fitur]] baru dapat digunakan oleh semua penyunting yang memakai penyorot sintaks standar. Jika terdapat pertanyaan atau masukan terkait rencana penghapusan status beta pada fitur ini, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|silakan disampaikan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebagian perubahan pada kelompok pengguna lokal dilakukan oleh penatalayan di Meta-Wiki dan sebelumnya hanya dicatat di sana. Kini, perubahan hak pengguna lintas wiki akan dicatat di Meta-Wiki dan di wiki tempat pengguna tersebut berada. Langkah ini memudahkan penelusuran riwayat lengkap perubahan hak pengguna di wiki lokal. Catatan perubahan yang terjadi sebelumnya juga akan ditambahkan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * Pada wiki yang menggunakan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], jumlah perubahan tertunda yang ditampilkan di halaman [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] sebelumnya juga menghitung halaman yang sebenarnya sudah tidak menunggu peninjauan. Hal ini terjadi karena halaman tersebut telah dihapus dari sistem tanpa melalui proses peninjauan, misalnya karena dihapus, dipindahkan ke ruang nama lain, atau akibat perubahan konfigurasi wiki. Kini, jumlah yang ditampilkan telah diperbaiki sehingga lebih akurat. Di beberapa wiki, angka yang terlihat mungkin jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan sebelumnya. Daftar halaman yang ditampilkan seharusnya tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Bahasa komposisi yang digunakan di Wikifunctions telah ditulis ulang dan menghasilkan versi bahasa yang baru. Perubahan ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kestabilan layanan dengan mengurangi penggunaan memori pada orkestrator. Selain itu, pembaruan ini juga memungkinkan pengurangan waktu tunda secara signifikan, penyederhanaan kode, dan penerapan abstraksi yang lebih baik. Perubahan tersebut membuka peluang bagi pengembangan fitur baru pada tahap berikutnya. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|pembaruan ini]] dapat dibaca pada penjelasan yang tersedia. * Pengguna kini dapat mengurutkan hasil pencarian secara alfabetis berdasarkan judul halaman. Pembaruan ini menambahkan opsi baru yang dapat membantu menemukan halaman dengan lebih mudah dan cepat. Sebelumnya, hasil pencarian hanya dapat diurutkan berdasarkan tanggal penyuntingan, tanggal pembuatan, atau tingkat relevansi. Untuk menggunakan opsi baru ini, buka menu "Pencarian lanjutan" pada halaman hasil pencarian, lalu pilih "Alfabetis" pada bagian "Urutan pengurutan". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:28}} {{PLURAL:28|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kekutu yang sebelumnya membuat UploadWizard di Wikimedia Commons tidak dapat mengimpor berkas dari Flickr kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebuah halaman istimewa baru, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], telah dibuat untuk menampilkan daftar halaman yang ditransklusikan dan ditandai memiliki galat pemeriksaan kode (''lint''). Halaman ini membantu pengguna menemukan kesalahan tersebut dengan lebih mudah. Daftar yang ditampilkan akan diurutkan berdasarkan jumlah transklusi yang mengandung galat. Contohnya dapat dilihat pada halaman [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Pengguna fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] telah menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai pengganti [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman berisi JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua sejak beberapa waktu terakhir. Seiring dengan rencana mengeluarkan CodeMirror 6 dari status beta, CodeEditor juga direncanakan akan digantikan sebagai penyunting standar untuk jenis konten tersebut pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Masukan atau tanggapan tentang rencana ini sangat dipersilakan]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Modul JavaScript [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] akan segera diperbarui ke CodeMirror 6. Menjelang pembaruan tersebut, pemuatan modul <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> atau <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> dari gawai dan skrip pengguna telah dinyatakan usang sejak Juli 2025. Penggunaan kait <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> juga telah dinyatakan usang sejak Maret 2025. Kontributor kini dapat menyesuaikan skrip atau gawai mereka agar kompatibel dengan CodeMirror 6. Lihat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|panduan migrasi]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * Tim Antarmuka MediaWiki sedang memperluas cakupan definisi modul REST API agar juga mencakup [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|API dari ekstensi]]. Modul REST API merupakan kelompok titik akhir yang saling berkaitan dan dapat dikelola serta diberi versi secara mandiri. Saat ini, modul tersebut sudah tersedia untuk API [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] dan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions]. Seiring dengan pemindahan API ekstensi ke struktur ini, dokumentasinya akan dipindahkan dari spesifikasi utama MediaWiki OpenAPI dan tampilan REST Sandbox. Selanjutnya, dokumentasi tersebut dapat diakses melalui opsi khusus modul pada menu tarik turun di [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (yaitu di [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], yang tersedia di semua proyek wiki). * Ekstensi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] menyediakan berbagai informasi tentang wiki tempat modul digunakan melalui pustaka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]]. Sejak pekan lalu, pustaka tersebut juga menyediakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|cara]] untuk mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|ID wiki]]. Informasi ini dapat digunakan untuk memudahkan pemeliharaan modul yang digunakan di berbagai wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Penghargaan Perkakas Terkeren 2026]], yang merayakan berbagai perkakas terbaik yang dikembangkan oleh komunitas, kini telah membuka proses nominasi. Nominasi untuk perkakas favorit dapat diajukan melalui [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en formulir survei nominasi] paling lambat 23 Maret 2026. Informasi lebih lanjut mengenai privasi dan pengelolaan data dapat dilihat pada [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|pernyataan privasi survei]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16 Maret 2026 19.35 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == Request for Comment: VisualEditor automatic reference names == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Hi, I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}! We are considering to work on [[:m:Community Wishlist/W17|Community Wishlist/W17: Improve VE references' automatic names and reuse]]. This has been a long-term issue for wikitext editors (see e.g. [[:en:WP:VisualEditor/Named references]]) which has been among the top-voted wishes in several [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], e.g. [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2017/Editing/VisualEditor: Allow editing of auto-generated references before adding them|2017]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019/Citations/VisualEditor: Allow references to be named|2019]], [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Editing/VisualEditor should use human-like names for references|2022]] or [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/VisualEditor should use proper names for references|2023]]. We would like your input on the [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solutions]] proposed on our project page: '''[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names]]'''. We are considering several options, which can be combined if desired by the community. * Changing the default pattern for automatically generated reference names (currently <code>":n"</code>, e.g. <code>":0"</code>, <code>":1"</code>...) to use the [[:mw:Help:Reference Previews#Exposed reference types|reference type]] instead (e.g. <code>"book_reference-1"</code>). * Providing a simple mechanism for communities to configure a different default name. * Generating automatic reference names based on the [[:en:domain name|domain name]] (if it’s a web citation). * Generating automatic reference names based on template parameters (e.g. "title" or "last"+"first") – defined by the community. === Feedback === [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|Visit our project page]] to read about our proposal in detail and share your thoughts [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|on metawiki]]. '''Please note''': We will only implement a solution if there’s clear consensus among the global community. Our intention is not to build the perfect solution, but to find a simple and lean one that alleviates the pain caused by auto generated names. We are aware that some experienced VisualEditor users might prefer an option to manually change reference names in VisualEditor, but such a UX intervention is difficult to achieve across reference types and thus out of scope for our team, we can only improve the auto-naming mechanism. We are happy about suggestions for improving certain details of the proposed solutions. Any other feedback and alternative proposals are also welcome – even though it’s out of scope for us, it might still be relevant for future work on this topic. Please support us interpreting consensus by clearly indicating your opinion (e.g. by using support/neutral/oppose templates). We are aware of [[:en:WP:NOTVOTE]], but given that we are facilitating this discussion with users from different wikis, potentially commenting in their native language, clearly indicating your position helps us avoid misunderstandings. Thank you for participating!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|parembugan]])</bdi> 19 Maret 2026 11.15 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/MassMessageRecipients&oldid=30281362 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat masuk log ke akun mereka tanpa menggunakan kata sandi melalui penggunaan kunci sandi (''passkey''). Metode ini merupakan cara yang aman dan didukung oleh autentikasi seperti sidik jari, pengenalan wajah, atau PIN. Dengan adanya perubahan ini, semua pengguna yang memilih masuk log tanpa kata sandi akan merasakan proses yang lebih mudah, lebih cepat, dan lebih aman saat mengakses akun mereka dari berbagai perangkat. Opsi masuk menggunakan kunci sandi saat ini ditampilkan sebagai saran pengisian otomatis pada kolom nama pengguna. Dalam waktu dekat, [[phab:T417120|tombol tambahan "Masuk log dengan kunci sandi"]] juga akan tersedia bagi pengguna yang telah mendaftarkan kunci sandi mereka sebelumnya. Pembaruan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keamanan sekaligus memberikan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih baik. [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|Rekaman layar]] yang disertakan memperlihatkan proses masuk log tanpa kata sandi secara bertahap, langkah demi langkah. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Seluruh wiki akan berada dalam mode hanya-baca]] selama beberapa menit pada Rabu, 25 Maret 2026 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 pukul 15.00 UTC]. Hal ini dilakukan dalam rangka pengujian pencadangan melalui pengalihan peladen pusat data (''datacenter server switchover'') yang [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|dilaksanakan dua kali setiap tahun]]. Selama proses pengalihan tersebut, seluruh lalu lintas situs web Wikimedia akan dipindahkan dari pusat data utama ke pusat data cadangan. Langkah ini bertujuan untuk menguji ketersediaan layanan sekaligus memastikan bahwa layanan tetap dapat berjalan tanpa gangguan, bahkan dalam situasi darurat. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Pengguna situs Wikimedia kini dapat mengekspor notifikasi mereka yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun dengan menggunakan sebuah [[toolforge:echo-chamber|perkakas baru di Toolforge]]. Fitur ini memungkinkan pengguna untuk tetap menyimpan notifikasi penting mereka, sekaligus menghindari risiko terhapusnya notifikasi tersebut seiring rencana penghapusan notifikasi yang berusia lebih dari lima tahun, sebagaimana telah diumumkan sebelumnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Para penyunting Wikipedia dalam bahasa Indonesia, Thai, Turki, dan Simple English kini memiliki akses ke Special:PersonalDashboard. Fitur ini merupakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|versi awal dari sebuah pengalaman]] yang dirancang untuk memperkenalkan alur kerja patroli kepada penyunting yang lebih baru, sehingga mereka dapat beralih secara lebih mudah dari sekadar melakukan suntingan menuju keterlibatan dalam tugas moderasi yang lebih lanjut di proyek mereka. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * Halaman [[Special:Block]] kini mengalami dua perubahan kecil pada antarmukanya. Pengurus kini dapat dengan lebih mudah menetapkan pemblokiran tanpa batas waktu melalui tombol pilihan (''radio button'') khusus yang tersedia pada bagian masa berlaku. Selain itu, ketika masa berlaku tanpa batas dipilih, akan muncul kumpulan alasan umum yang berbeda untuk dipilih, yang dapat disesuaikan melalui halaman [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Para penyunting seluler [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|di beberapa wiki]] kini dapat melihat peringatan penyuntingan dalam keadaan belum masuk log (''logged-out'') yang telah ditingkatkan, berkat pembaruan terbaru dari tim Pertumbuhan. Perubahan yang dirilis pada pekan lalu ini merupakan bagian dari upaya dan pengujian yang berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|pembuatan akun di perangkat seluler]], dan mendorong peningkatan partisipasi pengguna. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:36}} {{PLURAL:36|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, galat yang sebelumnya menyebabkan pengguna web seluler tidak dapat melihat informasi pemblokiran ketika mereka terdampak oleh beberapa pemblokiran sekaligus kini telah diperbaiki. Kini, saat mengakses Wikipedia, mereka dapat melihat pesan dari seluruh pemblokiran yang sedang berlaku terhadap akun atau alamat IP mereka. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Citra yang dibangun menggunakan Toolforge dalam waktu dekat akan mendapatkan pembaruan versi ''buildpacks'' (kumpulan skrip dan konfigurasi untuk membangun aplikasi secara otomatis), yang menghadirkan dukungan bagi versi bahasa pemrograman yang lebih baru serta berbagai peningkatan dan perbaikan dari sumber pengembang utama (''upstream''). Jika menggunakan Toolforge Build Service, disarankan untuk meninjau surel terbaru dari [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ milis cloud-announce] dan memperbarui konfigurasi ''build'' sesuai kebutuhan, guna memastikan bahwa perkakas yang digunakan tetap kompatibel dengan perubahan tersebut. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * Wiki dokumentasi [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] akan ditutup pada Juni 2026. Kunci API yang dibuat melalui API Portal akan tetap berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Titik akhir api.wikimedia.org akan dihentikan secara bertahap mulai Juli 2026. Dokumentasi yang sebelumnya tersedia di API Portal sedang dipindahkan ke [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat dipelajari melalui [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek]] yang tersedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] (inisiatif dari Wikimedia Deutschland yang berfokus pada pengembangan fitur berdasarkan kebutuhan teknis komunitas) tengah mempertimbangkan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|penamaan referensi yang dihasilkan secara otomatis di VisualEditor]]. Para pengguna dipersilakan untuk meninjau [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|solusi yang diusulkan]] serta berpartisipasi dalam proses [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|permintaan tanggapan]] yang sedang berlangsung. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Maret 2026 16.50 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Versi Beta dari [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]], proyek baru Wikimedia yang tidak terikat dengan bahasa, telah diluncurkan pada pekan lalu. Proyek ini memungkinkan berbagai komunitas untuk menyusun artikel Wikipedia dalam bahasa asli mereka, yang kemudian dapat dengan mudah diakses oleh pengguna lain dalam bahasa masing-masing. Wiki ini dijalankan melalui serangkaian instruksi dari Wikifunctions, dan didukung oleh konten terstruktur yang berasal dari Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') sedang menjalankan uji A/B untuk mengevaluasi pesan yang lebih jelas dan ramah pengguna dalam mendorong pembuatan akun di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, ketika pengguna seluler yang belum masuk log mulai melakukan penyuntingan, mereka akan dihadapkan pada pesan peringatan yang terasa mendadak dan dapat mengurangi minat untuk melanjutkan kontribusi. Selain itu, kondisi ini juga menjadikan penyuntingan dengan akun sementara sebagai pilihan bawaan, alih-alih mendorong pengguna untuk membuat akun. Uji coba ini berlangsung di sepuluh Wikipedia, termasuk Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Spanyol, dan Jerman. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Baca selengkapnya]]. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Apps'') mengundang Anda untuk memberi masukan mengenai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|cara proses penyuntingan seharusnya bekerja di aplikasi seluler Wikipedia]]. Diskusi ini berfokus pada upaya meningkatkan cara pengguna mengakses berbagai alat penyuntingan saat mereka mengetuk tombol "Sunting". Inisiatif ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk mengarahkan para pembaca yang mulai tertarik menyunting agar dapat menemukan jalur yang lebih ramah pengguna ketika mereka mulai berkontribusi. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:45}} {{PLURAL:45|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, sebuah masalah ketika pengambilan sitasi dari arsip surat kabar besar [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] tidak lagi berfungsi, akibat adanya pemblokiran pada permintaan di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]], kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 30 Maret 2026 19.25 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == ''The Signpost'': 31 March 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/In the media|AI ban, newspapers disrupt archiving; and antisemitism complaints]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Community view|Videos from WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Disinformation report|Cleaning up after Jeffrey Epstein, Peter Nygard, and Mohamed Al-Fayed]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/WikiConference report|WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC review]] * Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Obituary|Dr. Subas Chandra Rout]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Traffic report|Call in the dogs of war, soldier of fortune]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Gallery|Canadian Rangers participate in Operation ''Enduring Encyclopedia'']] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Comix|n00bsitting]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 31 Maret 2026 10.08 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30329870 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == This Month in Education: March 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia & Libraries: Building New Contributors]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 1 April 2026 10.21 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30317659 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 3 April 2026 17.09 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29905755 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Ekstensi CampaignEvents]] kini dilengkapi dengan fitur baru untuk penetapan tujuan kelompok, yang memungkinkan para penyelenggara menetapkan dan memantau target acara, seperti jumlah artikel yang dibuat dan jumlah kontributor yang berpartisipasi, secara langsung. Di sisi lain, para peserta juga dapat bergerak menuju target bersama dan melihat dampak kolektif yang dihasilkan seiring berlangsungnya acara. Fitur ini kini telah tersedia di seluruh wiki Wikimedia. Pelajari lebih lanjut dalam [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|dokumentasinya]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Daftar keinginan]] Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|label daftar pantauan]] yang baru (yang diumumkan dalam [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Berita Teknis 2026-07]]) kini telah tersedia melalui VisualEditor, penyunting sumber, dan "''watchstar''" (pranala pantau). Sebelumnya, pemberian label hanya dapat dilakukan melalui [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. Kini, di ketiga tempat tersebut, tersedia kolom baru yang terletak setelah kolom masa kedaluwarsa. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:23}} {{PLURAL:23|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada halaman pembicaraan di perangkat seluler yang menggunakan Parsoid, yang membuat halaman menjadi tidak dapat digunakan setelah munculnya tajuk bagian yang kosong, kini telah berhasil diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Fitur subreferensi]], yang memungkinkan penyunting menambahkan keterangan pada referensi yang sudah ada tanpa perlu membuatnya dua kali, akan diluncurkan secara bertahap ke [[phab:T414094|lebih banyak wiki]] pada akhir tahun ini. Wiki yang menggunakan gawai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] dianjurkan untuk memperbarui versinya (umumnya berada di [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] seperti ditunjukkan [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 di sini]) guna menjaga kompatibilitas. Gawai lain yang berkaitan dengan referensi juga berpotensi terdampak. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * Seluruh edisi Wikinews dijadwalkan untuk ditutup dan dialihkan ke mode hanya-baca pada 4 Mei 2026. Meskipun seluruh konten tetap dapat diakses, tidak akan ada lagi penyuntingan atau penambahan artikel baru. Keputusan penutupan ini telah disetujui oleh Dewan Pengawas Wikimedia Foundation setelah melalui rangkaian diskusi yang panjang. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|API tindakan]] (''action API'') selama ini menyediakan berbagai format keluaran sesuai permintaan. Salah satunya, yaitu <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, akan segera dihentikan. Oleh karena itu, pastikan skrip atau bot yang Anda gunakan telah beralih ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|format JSON]]. Perubahan ini diperkirakan hanya akan berdampak pada sebagian kecil skrip dan bot. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * Halaman [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] kini juga memuat nama lain (alias) ruang nama. Sebagai contoh, "WP" digunakan sebagai alias untuk ruang nama "Project" ("Wikipedia") di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 April 2026 16.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': March 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue III, March 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: GLAM in Equinox * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: Wikigap 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Aruba report|Aruba report]]: Celebrating 20 Years of Papiamentu/o Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Bolivia report|Bolivia report]]: The Family Treasures Project Returns, with New GLAM Partners * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wiki Loves Folklore Brazil defines six categories to represent Brazilian culture on Commons * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: Architecture in the public domain in libraries in Nariño/Arquitectura en dominio público en bibliotecas nariñenses * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Main Wikimedian in Residence report for 2025 is here * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Germany report|Germany report]]: Art History Loves Wiki 2026 – digital/local. collection loves wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/India report|India report]]: Collaboration resumes with the British Library for Bangla Wikisource * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: 2026 winners projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: New Zealand Bioeconomy Science Institute Wikimedian in Residence update, a letter published in Nature & Architecture + Women NZ * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD's GLAM Highlights: Botany and Beyond * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Portugal report|Portugal report]]: March in Portugal * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: March in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Looking for similar images * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: GLAM Wiki Group, Donna, CoCreation PTT-Archive * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: CILIP MDG 2026 Conference, Library meetups and the World's Enamels * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Ukraine report|Ukraine report]]: Spring 2026 news from Ukraine – Wiki Loves Folklore & more #1Lib1Ref * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: MoMA's International Traveling Exhibitions and Wikidata on the LD4 Arts Affinity Group April Community Call * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHL-Wiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Oulu Löyly * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Indigenous languages on the Main Page * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: April's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/March 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 9 April 2026 18.19 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30344683 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Para penyunting berpengalaman diundang untuk [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page menguji] fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]], yang dirancang untuk membantu penyunting dengan pengalaman lebih terbatas dalam membuat artikel Wikipedia yang terstruktur dengan baik dan sesuai dengan kebijakan yang berlaku. Petunjuk pengujian telah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|tersedia]] dan dapat diikuti sebagai panduan. Setelah meninjau [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance kerangka artikel] yang disediakan, mohon memberikan umpan balik melalui [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. Masukan tersebut akan digunakan untuk menyempurnakan fitur ini sebelum kemudian diterapkan pada Wikipedia percontohan untuk diterjemahkan dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan setiap komunitas. Sebuah [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|video]] penjelasan mengenai fitur ini juga tersedia untuk disimak. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Di sejumlah besar wiki, kini semua pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed users'') dapat menggunakan halaman [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] untuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|membuat halaman baru dengan model konten khusus]], seperti daftar pesan massal, sehingga format halaman tersuai menjadi lebih mudah diakses. Untuk mengetahui statusnya di wiki masing-masing, silakan periksa halaman [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * Tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') telah meluncurkan sebuah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|eksperimen pembuatan akun]] untuk mengevaluasi apakah penambahan tombol pembuatan akun pada bagian kepala halaman versi web seluler dapat meningkatkan jumlah pendaftaran akun baru sekaligus mendorong lebih banyak pengguna seluler untuk berkontribusi di berbagai wiki. Saat ini, eksperimen tersebut sedang berlangsung di Wikipedia bahasa Hindi, Indonesia, Bengali, Thai, dan Ibrani, serta menyasar 10% pengguna web seluler yang belum masuk log. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, kendala yang menyebabkan VisualEditor berhenti pada proses pemuatan di perangkat Windows ketika animasi dinonaktifkan, kini telah berhasil diatasi. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir pekan ini, {{int:group-abusefilter}} yang telah mengaktifkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] sebagai penyunting di halaman [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]], menggantikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk menciptakan pengalaman pengguna yang lebih konsisten di berbagai jenis penyunting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Perkakas dan bot yang mengakses [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|API Notifications]] melalui <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi> perlu memperbarui izin OAuth atau BotPassword mereka agar juga mencakup akses ke notifikasi privat. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Karena adanya pembaruan pustaka, urutan daftar pada halaman kategori mungkin akan menjadi tidak berurutan mulai Senin, 20 April. Sebuah skrip migrasi akan dijalankan untuk memperbaikinya, dan proses ini dapat berlangsung dari beberapa jam hingga beberapa hari, tergantung pada ukuran wiki (bahkan hingga sekitar satu minggu untuk Wikipedia bahasa Inggris). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 April 2026 15.18 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah dua tahun pengembangan, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], yang juga dikenal sebagai [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], akan diluncurkan dari tahap beta pada Selasa, 21 April. Fitur ini membawa peningkatan keterbacaan kode dan teks wiki, pengurangan kesalahan pengetikan, beserta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|manfaat]] lainnya bagi semua pengguna penyorot sintaks standar. Ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada sukarelawan [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] yang telah mengembangkan banyak fitur baru, termasuk [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|pelipatan kode]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|pelengkapan otomatis]], dan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|pemeriksaan sintaks]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Sebuah pembaruan besar untuk aplikasi Wikipedia di iOS kini sedang diluncurkan, dengan antarmuka yang didesain ulang agar selaras dengan desain visual terbaru Apple, "Liquid Glass". Silakan [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 unduh versi terbaru] dan telusuri pembaruannya. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Daftar bacaan]] merupakan fitur yang memungkinkan para pembaca menyimpan artikel ke dalam daftar untuk dibaca nanti. Fitur ini sedang dalam tahap beta di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Prancis, Indonesia, Vietnam, dan Mandarin, serta secara bawaan untuk semua akun baru di semua Wikipedia. * Percobaan yang mengeksplorasi perluasan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Pratinjau Halaman ke versi seluler]] akan diluncurkan pada pekan tanggal 20 April di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, Italia, Polandia, dan Vietnam. Pratinjau Halaman merupakan jendela sembulan yang menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala untuk membuka artikel lengkap dari pranala berwarna biru, sehingga memudahkan pengguna dalam menemukan konten. Fitur ini sudah tersedia di versi desktop dan aplikasi. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Lihat selengkapnya mengenai uji coba ini dan uji coba lainnya]]. * Di beberapa wiki, para penyunting yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surel mereka]] sekarang dapat melihat spanduk yang meminta mereka untuk lakukan hal tersebut. Dengan memiliki alamat surel yang terkonfirmasi, pengguna dapat memulihkan akses ke akunnya jika akun tersebut tidak dapat diakses. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Baca selengkapnya]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:15}} {{PLURAL:15|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan pemuatan lambat, tampilan pratinjau yang lambat, dan guliran yang lambat saat menyunting halaman wiki berukuran sangat besar di editor teks wiki 2017, serta masalah kinerja saat memilih, memotong, atau menempelkan konten, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai bagian dari upaya mempromosikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] dari status fitur beta, seluruh pengguna kini akan menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] alih-alih [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] untuk penyorotan sintaks saat menyunting halaman konten berformat JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue, dan Lua. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Layanan <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> yang selama ini digunakan oleh pengguna Debian dan Ubuntu akan dihentikan dan tidak lagi berfungsi mulai 15 Mei. Sumber daya yang sebelumnya digunakan untuk layanan ini akan dialihkan ke opsi baru yang dinilai lebih baik. Sejumlah pengguna mungkin perlu beralih ke peladen lain yang diperkirakan hanya memerlukan waktu sekitar satu menit. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia untuk dibaca]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * Tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> akan dihapus dari [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. Jika perkakas atau kueri yang digunakan masih mengakses tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> atau <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> secara langsung, disarankan untuk segera memperbaruinya agar menggunakan tabel <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> sebelum 28 Mei. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Setelah penerapan terbaru mengenai pembatasan laju global API (''global API rate limits'') pada lalu lintas yang tidak teridentifikasi, Wikimedia Foundation akan melanjutkan upaya untuk memastikan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|penggunaan infrastruktur yang adil]] dengan mulai menerapkan pembatasan global juga pada lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi, dimulai pada pekan terakhir April. Batasan ini sengaja ditetapkan setinggi mungkin guna meminimalkan dampak terhadap komunitas. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang dianjurkan untuk mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut dapat ditemukan pada dokumentasi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] serta bagian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] kini telah tersedia dalam versi [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. API ini berfungsi untuk mengambil informasi yang diperlukan dalam memberikan atribusi (kredit) terhadap artikel dan berkas media Wikimedia di mana pun konten tersebut digunakan. Dokumentasi referensi tersedia melalui halaman spesial REST Sandbox yang dapat diakses di seluruh wiki Wikimedia (misalnya [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris]). Umpan balik dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|halaman pembicaraan proyek]]. * Tidak ada versi MediaWiki baru dalam pekan ini. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20 April 2026 14.59 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 April 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/News and notes|Six Serbian Wikipedia editors banned following controversy about political bias]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/In the media|Could Wikipedia be involved in Massachusetts' proposed social media ban for minors?]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Gallery|March equinox]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Traffic report|Time to change my galaxy in case, we outta space!]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Comix|Of skirts and articles]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 21 April 2026 06.50 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30434643 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 26 April 2026 00.57 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == This Month in Education: April 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 27 April 2026 16.01 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30406002 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Terdapat perubahan dalam cara pengguna baru memperoleh status terkonfirmasi otomatis (''autoconfirmed'') yang bertujuan meningkatkan perlindungan terhadap vandalisme. Selama ini, pengguna yang telah memiliki akun selama beberapa hari dan melakukan sejumlah suntingan akan otomatis masuk ke dalam kelompok [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]]. Namun, pengaturan ini kerap dimanfaatkan oleh sebagian pelaku vandalisme yang membuat akun lalu baru menggunakannya setelah beberapa waktu. Untuk mengatasinya, aturan tersebut akan diperbarui mulai pekan depan. Dalam penentuan status terkonfirmasi otomatis, usia akun akan dihitung sejak suntingan pertama, bukan sejak tanggal pendaftaran. Nilai ambang usia tetap tidak berubah. Perubahan ini hanya akan diterapkan pada wiki yang menuntut sekurang-kurangnya satu suntingan sebagai bagian dari kriteria terkonfirmasi otomatis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * Kini, seluruh pengguna Wikipedia dengan akun baru, serta mereka yang mengaktifkan opsi "Secara otomatis mengaktifkan sebagian besar fitur beta" dalam preferensi, dapat menggunakan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|daftar bacaan]] (''reading lists''). Fitur ini membantu mengelola minat membaca dalam satu tempat agar mudah diakses. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar pada kotak info (''infobox'') memiliki jarak kosong yang sangat besar di Firefox kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai pengingat, pembatasan laju global pada API (''rate limits'') akan mulai diterapkan pekan ini terhadap lalu lintas API yang teridentifikasi. Langkah ini bertujuan menjaga [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|penggunaan infrastruktur tetap adil]]. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge/WMCS atau yang memiliki hak pengguna bot di wiki mana pun untuk saat ini tidak akan terdampak. Meski demikian, seluruh pengembang disarankan mengikuti praktik terbaik terbaru. Informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk batasan yang berlaku, dapat dilihat pada dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] dan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Tanya Jawab]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 27 April 2026 18.05 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] mengundang para penyunting berpengalaman dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|Wikipedia percontohan]]: Arab, Bengali, Jepang, Portugis, Persia, Turki, Inggris Sederhana, Spanyol, dan Prancis, untuk turut membantu menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance contoh kerangka artikel]. Kerangka ini akan menjadi pedoman bagi para penyunting dalam menyusun artikel yang jelas, terstruktur dengan baik, dan sesuai dengan kebijakan, saat [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle fitur tersebut] resmi diluncurkan pada Mei 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Petunjuk sederhana]] mengenai cara menerjemahkan dan menyesuaikan kerangka tersebut juga telah disediakan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Dewan Penasihat Produk dan Teknologi]] telah menerbitkan [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|rancangan rekomendasi]] mengenai model yang dapat diikuti oleh para organisasi afiliasi ketika berkontribusi di ranah teknis. Anggota komunitas diundang untuk memberikan umpan balik terhadap rekomendasi ini hingga 8 Mei melalui [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|halaman pembicaraannya]]. * Jumlah pilihan ukuran keluku (''thumbnail'') di MediaWiki kini disederhanakan menjadi tiga opsi baku: Kecil (180 piksel), Sedang (250 piksel), dan Besar (400 piksel), sebagai bagian dari upaya berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kinerja serta mengurangi beban pada layanan keluku. Akibatnya, preferensi yang sudah ada akan dipetakan ke ukuran baru yang paling mendekati (misalnya, pilihan kecil seperti 120 piksel atau 150 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 180 piksel, sementara pilihan lebih besar seperti 300 piksel atau 360 piksel akan ditampilkan sebagai 400 piksel). Antarmuka preferensi akan segera diperbarui untuk mencerminkan perubahan ini. Pengguna yang ingin menonaktifkan atau memberikan umpan balik dipersilakan melakukannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * Mulai saat ini, bahkan ketika suatu hak akses berakhir secara otomatis, pengguna tetap akan menerima pemberitahuan melalui Echo yang serupa dengan pemberitahuan standar untuk perubahan hak akses. Hal ini berbeda dengan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|bot pengingat global]] yang mengingatkan pengguna satu minggu ''sebelum'' hak akses berakhir agar dapat diperpanjang. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada pemilih bahasa ULS di [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] yang sebelumnya dapat bergulir secara vertikal meskipun tidak diperlukan, kini telah diperbaiki. Sebelumnya, saat pengguna membuka menu tarik-turun "Terjemahkan ke bahasa Inggris" dan mengetikkan masukan tertentu, kotak dialog akan bergeser beberapa piksel ke bawah meskipun ruang tampilan masih mencukupi. Kini, menu tersebut tidak lagi bergeser secara tidak perlu saat menyaring bahasa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Daftar Pantauan Global]], yang memungkinkan pengguna melihat daftar pantauan dari berbagai wiki dalam satu halaman, terus mengalami peningkatan. Sebagai contoh, daftar pantauan untuk situs berbasis Wikibase seperti [[:d:|Wikidata]] kini mendukung elemen [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] untuk pelacakan yang lebih baik. Mode pembaruan langsung kini menyegarkan halaman khusus setiap 60 detik agar selaras dengan pembatasan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|laju API global terbaru]], sehingga meningkatkan respons waktu nyata. Selain itu, kesalahan arah teks yang sebelumnya menampilkan pranala sebagai "perubahan 3" alih-alih "3 perubahan" dalam daftar dengan arah campuran juga telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tahap kedua penerapan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|pembatasan laju API global]] telah diluncurkan untuk mengurangi [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|dampak perayap kecerdasan buatan]] serta memastikan akses yang adil dan berkelanjutan terhadap sumber daya Wikimedia, dengan memprioritaskan lalu lintas manusia dan yang selaras dengan misi. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Batasan]] yang sebelumnya dihitung per jam kini diubah menjadi per menit, sehingga menghasilkan pola lalu lintas yang lebih halus dan beban API yang lebih terprediksi. Pengguna komunitas diperkirakan tidak akan terdampak, dan tidak ada tindakan yang perlu dilakukan. Indikasi awal menunjukkan bahwa sebagian peminta berbasis User-Agent mulai menyesuaikan perilakunya, dan sekitar 64% lalu lintas API otomatis telah berhasil diidentifikasi. Pemantauan terus dilakukan, dan layanan Wikimedia Enterprise tetap tersedia untuk dukungan komersial. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 4 Mèi 2026 20.42 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': April 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue IV, April 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: How the GLAM Community Can Shine in the 2026–27 Annual Plan * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Albania report|Albania report]]: International Roma Day 2026 in Tirana, Albania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: WikiConf Argentina and GLAM projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Asia report|Asia report]]: Documenting and citing oral knowledge in audio and video * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: WikiCon Australia, ICIP, Orphan works and Trans-Tasman partnerships * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Wikimedia Brasil publishes book on the power and challenges of free knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Colombia report|Colombia report]]: We celebrate Public Domain Day with an expert panel / Celebramos el día del dominio público con un Panel de expertas * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Ongoing and New GLAM-Wiki Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: Women in Wartime event at Auckland Museum & an update for WiR NZBSI * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Nigeria report|Nigeria report]]: Wikimedia Commons Upload Campaign * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD in Action: Digitization, Wikisource and Educational Workshops * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: GLAM-Wiki Developments: Residencies, Partnerships and Audiovisual Heritage * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: April in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Le Donne di Villa Massimo * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: A tenth-century Quran and Islamic Art in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Wiki MIT launches and US meetups * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Update on the BHL Annual Meeting 27 April - 1 May & BHL Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: Eight new articles on MoW inscriptions * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: May's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/April 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Mèi 2026 13.50 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30513880 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Komunitas Teknis telah mempublikasikan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|panduan baru]] yang menjelaskan bagaimana keinginan pada Daftar Harapan Komunitas disaring dan diprioritaskan. Dokumentasi ini bertujuan untuk membantu kontributor baru dalam menulis proposal yang lebih baik dengan menjelaskan faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan prioritas. Selain hitungan suara, panduan ini menyorot pertimbangan seperti potensi dampak pada komunitas ketika menentukan keinginan yang akan diteruskan. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca sedang meluncurkan pengujian untuk menakar [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|fitur Kartu Berbagi]] yang memungkinkan pembaca untuk membuat kartu yang menarik secara visual dari artikel Wikipedia atau bagian artikel yang dipilih dan membagikannya secara daring. Setiap kartu akan menautkan kembali ke artikel awal untuk meningkatkan pembaca dan penemuan artikel. Pengujian A/B hanya perangkat seluler akan tersedia pada beberapa pembaca di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Tiongkok, Prancis, Vietnam, dan Inggris untuk memahami lebih lanjut tentang kebiasaan pembaca dan pembagian, dan akan dijadwalkan dimulai pada pekan 18 Mei dan berjalan selama empat minggu. * Aplikasi Wikipedia di Android dan iOS meluncurkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|tantangan membaca 25 hari]] ke fitur Beta sebagai bagian dari usaha untuk meningkatkan keterlibatan pembaca dengan mendorong pengguna menyelesaikan pencapaian bacaan. Untuk melacak rentetan bacaan mereka selama periode tantangan, pengguna aplikasi dapat menambahkan gawit Baby Globe pada layar utama mereka. Tantangan ini secara resmi dimulai pada 11 Mei. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:17}} {{PLURAL:17|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Misalnya, masalah ketika pengaturan global untuk mengaktifkan penyorotan sintaks pada teks wiki dapat menonaktifkan dirinya sendiri secara tiba-tiba setelah diaktifkan, sekarang sudah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Perihal kelanjutan]] Modul ResourceLoader <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, sudah dihentikan sejak [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], akan dihapus pekan ini. Terdapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|panduan untuk memigrasikannya dari UI MediaWiki ke Codex]] untuk perkakas apa pun yang menggunakannya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11 Mèi 2026 19.20 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Tim Abstract Wikipedia telah mengidentifikasi lima wiki potensial untuk menilai ketertarikan mereka dalam mengadopsi artikel abstrak di wiki masing-masing. Wiki percontohan tersebut meliputi Wikipedia bahasa Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arab, dan Indonesia. Masa pemberian masukan akan dibuka hingga 22 Mei. Jika komunitas Anda tertarik menjadi bagian dari proyek uji coba ini, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|silakan beri tahu kami melalui Meta]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebuah uji coba untuk menampilkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Daftar Bacaan]] kepada pembaca yang belum masuk log di web seluler akan dimulai pada 18 Mei di Wikipedia bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, serta Urdu, dan berlangsung selama satu bulan. Upaya ini mendukung tujuan yang lebih luas untuk membantu pembaca menyimpan dan mengatur artikel agar dapat dibaca kembali di lain waktu, sekaligus mendorong kebiasaan yang berpotensi mengarah pada kontribusi di Wikipedia pada masa mendatang. * Untuk mendukung tombol markah dalam fitur beta Daftar Bacaan, menu "Perkakas > Tindakan" kini diperbarui dengan tampilan ikon, termasuk penanda bintang pantauan yang membantu penyunting mengenali artikel yang dipantau sementara. Ikon-ikon tersebut kini juga disesuaikan dengan tampilan di perangkat seluler sehingga menciptakan konsistensi antarplatform yang lebih baik. Perubahan ini saat ini masih terbatas pada menu tindakan dan terutama memengaruhi penyunting dengan hak pengguna khusus. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Mode Saran]] telah dirilis sebagai sebuah [[w:en:A/B test|uji A/B]] bagi penyunting baru di situs web seluler pada [[phab:T421189|sekitar 15 Wikipedia]]. Eksperimen ini akan mengukur dampak Mode Saran terhadap persentase sesi penyuntingan pengguna baru di web seluler yang menghasilkan suntingan artikel yang konstruktif (''unreverted''). Selain itu, uji coba ini juga akan mengevaluasi pengaruh fitur tersebut terhadap tingkat retensi penyunting, serta memantau perubahan pada tingkat pengembalian suntingan (''revert'') dan pemblokiran pengguna. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:27}} {{PLURAL:27|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada aplikasi Wikipedia Android yang terkadang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat setelah membuka notifikasi daftar bacaan rekomendasi kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Tim Platform Wikidata]] telah menerbitkan [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|rekomendasi pengganti sistem sisi belakang]] beserta rancangan [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|arsitektur teknis]] untuk migrasi Layanan Kueri Wikidata (WDQS) dari grap Blazegraph. Masukan dibuka hingga 25 Mei 2026, terutama berkenaan dengan kemungkinan celah maupun dampaknya terhadap penggunaan tingkat lanjut. Anggota komunitas Wikidata dan pengguna WDQS juga didorong untuk membantu mengidentifikasi perkakas dan alur kerja berdampak tinggi yang mungkin memerlukan perhatian lebih pada [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|halaman terkait]]. Masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|halaman pembicaraan migrasi]] atau saat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|sesi pembicaraan berikutnya]]. Lihat [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|nawala tim WDP]] untuk informasi lebih lanjut. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris, Prancis, Jepang, dan beberapa bahasa lainnya, sempat dilakukan [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|uji coba penggunaan hCaptcha]], layanan pendeteksi bot pihak ketiga. Uji coba tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hCaptcha cukup efektif dalam mendeteksi dan menghambat sejumlah aktivitas otomatis yang dilakukan dengan niat buruk, baik secara langsung maupun dengan memberikan sinyal tambahan kepada [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|para pemeriksa dan penatalayan]] untuk melakukan peninjauan lebih lanjut. Karena hasilnya dinilai positif, hCaptcha akan diterapkan di seluruh wiki dalam beberapa minggu mendatang. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|Lihat halaman proyek hCaptcha]] untuk informasi teknis mengenai implementasi dan perlindungan privasinya. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Pelajari lebih lanjut]]. * Kabar terbaru dari Teknis Komunitas kini telah tersedia, menampilkan perkembangan berbagai inisiatif Daftar Harapan Komunitas, termasuk perluasan fitur Daftar Bacaan dari aplikasi seluler ke situs web, dukungan bahasa baru untuk fitur "Siapa yang Menulisnya" ("''Who Wrote That''") dan Dasbor Pribadi, peningkatan pada perenderan 3D dan grafik, serta rencana pengembangan mendatang mengenai pengurutan halaman pembicaraan, pemutaran audio, dan alur penyuntingan. Pembaruan tersebut juga membagikan prioritas saat ini, tren status daftar harapan, serta peluang bagi komunitas untuk memberikan masukan mengenai fokus pengembangan di masa depan dan Rencana Tahunan Wikimedia Foundation 2026–2027. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Baca nawala lengkapnya untuk informasi lebih lanjut]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18 Mèi 2026 20.21 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == ''The Signpost'': 22 May 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/News and notes|Offline: Osama Khalid still in prison]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In the media|Indonesian editors, you shall return!]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Disinformation report|Who is a typical paid editor? Who are their typical clients?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Recent research|WikiLambda the Ultimate]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Traffic report|This is where I'll be, so heavenly, so come and dance with me Michael!]] * Forum: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Forum|WikiAnnotate: help us build a dataset of article quality evaluations]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In focus|Demystifying the 2026-27 Annual Plan]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Opinion|Wikipedia isn't a battleground. So why does it feel like one?]] * Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Serendipity|Wikinews: Into the Wikiverse]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Special report|Wikimedia Foundation closes Wikinews after 21 years]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Community view|Wikipedia's traffic drop: more on languages and freshness]] * Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Gallery|Earth Day and Mother's Day]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Comix|Brother, can you spare a page?]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 22 Mèi 2026 05.19 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Bri@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30513885 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Setelah [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|uji coba pembuatan akun berjalan dengan sukses]], pesan peringatan penyuntingan bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log akan diterapkan ke seluruh wiki Wikimedia pada minggu pertama Juni. Perubahan ini hanya akan memengaruhi pengguna yang belum masuk log di web seluler ketika mereka membuka sesi penyuntingan. Pengalaman baru tersebut dirancang untuk mendorong pembuatan akun dengan lebih jelas, sambil tetap memungkinkan pengguna menyunting menggunakan akun sementara. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan dalam pembuatan akun, dengan kenaikan relatif sebesar 27% pada pengguna yang melihat pesan terbaru tersebut. Seperti yang diperkirakan, semakin banyak pengguna yang diarahkan untuk membuat akun, jumlah akun sementara pun menurun sebesar 16% secara relatif. Percobaan ini tidak menunjukkan perubahan signifikan terhadap tingkat suntingan konstruktif atau metrik kontributor lain yang dipantau. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Demi alasan keamanan, anggota dari kelompok pengguna tertentu [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|diwajibkan mengaktifkan autentikasi dua-faktor]] (2FA). Anggota dari kelompok tersebut tidak lagi dapat menonaktifkan metode 2FA terakhir pada akun mereka, dan pengguna tanpa 2FA juga tidak dapat ditambahkan ke kelompok tersebut. Pengguna masih dapat menambahkan metode autentikasi baru atau menghapus metode yang ada, selama setidaknya satu metode tetap aktif setiap saat. Dalam beberapa pekan ke depan, pengguna yang belum mengaktifkan 2FA akan dikeluarkan dari kelompok-kelompok tersebut. Secara khusus, ketentuan ini berlaku juga bagi para birokrat. Jadwal penerapannya dapat dilihat pada tugas terkait. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Tim Harapan Teknis Wikimedia Deutschland]] akan menjalankan [[w:en:A/B testing|uji A/B]] di [[:phab:T415904|10 wiki]] untuk menguji sejumlah kemungkinan peningkatan pada [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|Pratayang Referensi]]. Percobaan ini akan berlangsung selama sekitar dua minggu pada akhir Mei hingga awal Juni, dan akan memengaruhi 10% pembaca desktop di wiki yang berpartisipasi. * Setelah dua uji coba yang berhasil, tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca akan meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penelusuran Gambar]] untuk seluruh Wikipedia versi seluler pada 25 Mei. Dengan demikian, pengguna yang mengaktifkan seluruh fitur beta secara bawaan akan mulai melihat fitur ini, sementara pengguna lain dapat mengaktifkannya melalui preferensi masing-masing. Fitur beta tersebut akan menampilkan karusel seluruh gambar dalam sebuah artikel di bagian atas halaman artikel, lengkap dengan [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|kendali bagi penyunting untuk mengecualikan gambar tertentu dari karusel artikel atau mengecualikan artikel sepenuhnya dari fitur ini]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:30}} {{PLURAL:30|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, berkas STL tiga dimensi sebelumnya ditampilkan secara tidak tepat oleh ekstensi penampil media (''media viewer'') 3D, dan masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Kelas CSS lama <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> telah digantikan oleh <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> karena kedua kelas lama tersebut tidak bekerja secara konsisten di seluruh platform MediaWiki, terutama pada web seluler dan aplikasi seluler. Proyek yang masih menggunakan kelas tersebut dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaannya dan mulai merencanakan migrasi. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> dan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> juga berpotensi tidak digunakan lagi di masa mendatang, meskipun saat ini belum ada rencana untuk melakukannya. [[phab:T426452|Baca selengkapnya]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 25 Mèi 2026 21.51 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Pemungutan suara dalam pemilihan U4C 2026 kini telah dibuka</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Para pemilih yang memenuhi syarat diundang untuk berpartisipasi dalam pemilihan [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Komite Koordinasi Kode Etik Universal]] (U4C) tahun 2026. Informasi lebih lanjut, termasuk pemeriksaan kelayakan pemilih, tata cara pemungutan suara, informasi kandidat, dan pranala menuju halaman pemungutan suara, tersedia di Meta pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|halaman informasi Pemilihan 2026]]. Pemungutan suara akan ditutup pada 2 Juni 2026 [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 pukul 00.00 UTC]. Silakan memberikan suara apabila akun Anda memenuhi syarat. Hasil pemilihan akan diumumkan paling lambat pada 14 Juni 2026. — Bekerja sama dengan U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 27 Mèi 2026 17.14 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> == Survey (proposed direction for Wishlist) == Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}. You are invited to voice your opinion on a new [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|community-proposed direction]] for the [[m:Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Parembugan Naraguna:MediaWiki message delivery|rembugan]]) 29 Mèi 2026 03.07 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:기나ㅏㄴ@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:%EA%B8%B0%EB%82%98%E3%85%8F%E3%84%B4/MassMessage&oldid=30604233 --> == This Month in Education: May 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 5 • May 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities|Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania|Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Debating free license in Brazil|Debating free license in Brazil]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India|Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects|Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges|Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem|Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria|Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities|Wikimedia MKD's Education News & Activities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year|Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 1 Juni 2026 16.53 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30604297 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Tim Pengalaman Pembaca]] sedang menjalankan sebuah eksperimen untuk menampilkan fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|daftar bacaan]], yang saat ini masih dalam tahap pengembangan, kepada pembaca seluler yang belum masuk log. Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji apakah fitur tersebut dapat mendorong pembuatan akun dengan tingkat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tombol bintang pantauan. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|Eksperimen ]]ini diluncurkan pada 18 Mei di wiki bahasa Jerman, Spanyol, Italia, Portugis, Polandia, Belanda, Turki, dan Urdu, serta akan berlangsung selama satu bulan. * Tim Aplikasi Wikimedia telah merilis [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Fase 1]] dari beranda yang telah didesain ulang pada aplikasi Android Beta. Beranda baru ini mencakup tab "Komunitas" yang diperbarui serta tab "Untuk Anda" yang dipersonalisasi, yang menampilkan rekomendasi bacaan yang diperbarui setiap hari. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan penemuan konten serta menciptakan pengalaman belajar yang lebih menarik di aplikasi Wikipedia. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:18}} {{PLURAL:18|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan gambar gagal dimuat pada beberapa suntingan yang disarankan di [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], sehingga keluku (''thumbnail'') terus berada dalam keadaan memuat, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 1 Juni 2026 21.08 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 74 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 74, March–April 2026 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * New partnership: Swissdox * User survey results <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/March-April 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 2 Juni 2026 10.35 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=30576650 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * Wikimedia Enterprise telah meningkatkan batas penggunaan gratis layanan API yang ditawarkannya. Batas permintaan bulanan untuk API Berdasarkan Permintaan (''On-Demand API'') meningkat dari 5.000 menjadi 50.000 permintaan, sedangkan batas untuk API Salinan Data (''Snapshot API'') meningkat dari 15 menjadi 30 permintaan per bulan. Selain itu, salinan data Konten Terstruktur (''Structured Contents snapshot'') kini juga tersedia bagi akun gratis. Perubahan ini memperluas akses terhadap data Wikimedia Enterprise bagi pengembang, peneliti, dan organisasi yang memanfaatkan konten Wikimedia. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Umpan Jelajah (''Explore Feed'') yang telah diperbarui]] dan kini bernama Umpan Beranda (''Home Feed'') mulai diluncurkan kepada 50% pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android. Umpan Beranda membantu pembaca menemukan konten yang relevan melalui dua tab baru, yaitu Komunitas (''Community'') dan Untuk Anda (''For You''). Tab Komunitas menyediakan aliran konten yang dapat digulir berisi materi pilihan dan pembaruan dari komunitas dan gerakan Wikimedia secara luas. Sementara itu, tab Untuk Anda menawarkan pengalaman layar penuh yang dapat dijelajahi dengan menggeser layar, menampilkan konten yang disesuaikan dengan minat pengguna. Perancangan ulang ini merupakan bagian dari upaya yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan kemudahan menemukan informasi serta memperkaya pengalaman belajar di aplikasi Wikipedia. * Permainan kuis harian [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Mana yang lebih dulu?]] (''Which came first?'') kini tersedia dalam versi beta aplikasi Wikipedia untuk iOS dalam bahasa Inggris, Jerman, Prancis, Portugis, Rusia, Spanyol, Arab, Tionghoa, dan Turki. Permainan ini memanfaatkan peristiwa-peristiwa sejarah dari konten Wikipedia "Pada Hari Ini" dan menantang pembaca untuk menebak peristiwa mana yang terjadi lebih dahulu di antara dua pilihan yang diberikan. Sebelumnya, permainan ini telah dirilis untuk Android. Komunitas yang ingin menghadirkan permainan tersebut dalam bahasa mereka dapat [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|membaca petunjuk dan persyaratan yang tersedia]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]], fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali referensi yang sama dengan penjelas yang berbeda, akan mulai diluncurkan ke wiki Wikimedia setelah sukses melewati tahap uji coba. Penerapan akan dimulai pada 8 Juni untuk sebagian besar [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|wiki Kelompok 1]] dan Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, kemudian diperluas ke edisi Wikipedia dalam bahasa lain selama beberapa bulan mendatang. Komunitas dianjurkan untuk melakukan persiapan dengan [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate memeriksa apakah masih ada pesan ekstensi Cite yang belum diterjemahkan] ke dalam bahasa mereka, dan meninjau penggunaan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] yang mungkin memerlukan [[:phab:T416304#11668731|pembaruan]] agar mendukung fungsi baru tersebut. Wiki yang menggunakan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] tidak perlu melakukan tindakan apa pun. Komunitas juga dapat mempertimbangkan untuk membuat [[Special:TrackingCategories|kategori pelacakan]] ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' sebagai kategori tersembunyi menggunakan <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (atau templat khusus), lalu menghubungkannya dengan butir Wikidata yang sesuai, yaitu [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Eksperimen Pratayang Halaman (''Page Previews'')]] di Wikipedia versi web seluler telah berakhir. Tim memutuskan untuk tidak meluncurkan fitur tersebut secara luas setelah hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa fitur ini tidak memberikan dampak yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap tingkat retensi pembaca, yang merupakan metrik keberhasilan utama. Pratayan Halaman, yang saat ini sudah tersedia pada versi desktop dan aplikasi, menampilkan keluku, paragraf pembuka, dan pranala menuju artikel lengkap ketika pembaca mengetuk pranala berwarna biru. Eksperimen ini menguji pengalaman tersebut pada versi web seluler di enam Wikipedia. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|Pustaka ikon antarmuka pengguna]] akan [[phab:T399175|diperbarui pada pekan ini atau pekan depan]]. Sebagian besar dari sekitar 300 ikon yang ada telah mengalami penyempurnaan kecil, dan sekitar 30 ikon baru telah ditambahkan. Perubahan ini bertujuan menjadikan ikon lebih konsisten, lebih mudah dipahami, serta memiliki keseimbangan visual yang lebih baik ketika digunakan secara berkelompok. * Antarmuka [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Pemilih Bahasa Universal]] (''Universal Language Selector'' atau ULS) di MediaWiki, yang membantu pengguna memilih konten dalam bahasa lain, telah diperbarui. Versi terbaru ini menghadirkan peningkatan kecepatan dan aksesibilitas. Pengguna proyek Wikimedia kini juga dapat menyematkan bahasa tertentu agar proses berpindah bahasa menjadi lebih cepat. Penerapan ke situs-situs Wikimedia akan dilakukan secara bertahap dalam beberapa minggu ke depan. Fitur ini sudah dapat diuji sebagai [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|fitur beta]] melalui pengaturan preferensi profil, dan masukan dapat disampaikan melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:21}} {{PLURAL:21|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada dasbor Pageviews Analysis di pageviews.wmcloud.org, yang menyebabkan data grafik berhenti diperbarui sejak Mei 2026 dan memengaruhi seluruh pengguna, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Tanda tangan fungsi (''function signature'') untuk <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> kini telah disederhanakan. Pengembang sekarang dapat memberikan sebuah objek konfigurasi sebagai parameter, menggantikan daftar parameter posisi yang sebelumnya digunakan saat membuat pranala portlet. Format lama tetap didukung demi menjaga kompatibilitas dengan skrip yang sudah ada. Sebagai contoh, alih-alih menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi>, pengembang kini dapat menggunakan: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Para pemelihara skrip dianjurkan untuk meninjau penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> yang sudah ada dan memperbaruinya bila diperlukan. Perubahan ini akan tersedia di seluruh wiki mulai 11 Juni. Terima kasih kepada sukarelawan komunitas Gerges yang telah berkontribusi dalam pengembangan peningkatan ini. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Diskusi Daftar Harapan Komunitas:''' Tim Produk dan Teknologi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|memperkenalkan sejumlah perubahan]] yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan jumlah dan kompleksitas usulan komunitas yang dapat diwujudkan, termasuk pembubaran tim Teknis Komunitas. Saat ini sedang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|berlangsung diskusi]] dengan anggota komunitas mengenai [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|arah baru yang diusulkan untuk program daftar harapan tersebut]]. Topik yang dibahas mencakup cara menyusun pemungutan suara tahunan, peningkatan pelacakan usulan, penghapusan fokus area tertentu, serta pembaruan mengenai [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|penugasan staf]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 8 Juni 2026 21.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': May 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue V, May 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: May Global GLAM Call Recording and June Call Announcement * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Australia report|Australia report]]: Celebrating #1Lib1Ref Australasia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: GLAM Connection: Fashion, History, and Biodiversity in May * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: New Wikimedian in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Connecting the Arctic and Sicily through Wikimedia Projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: How the cultural, governmental, educational, and museum sectors contributed in unison to Wikimedia projects * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Setting up your own platform (part 1): from wish to the creation of a wiki * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: ESEAP Conference 2026 and the NZBSI WiR update * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Wikimedia MKD Shares GLAM Experience at International Conferences * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Partnerships, Participation, and Open Knowledge * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: May in Wikimedia Serbia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: El Prado en femenino III * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Museum for Communication, Panel IMD, Wikipedia Day * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Early Qurans on the front page of Wikipedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Special story|Special story]]: New tools for multilingual audio, video and metadata * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles in Urdu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: June's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/May 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 12 Juni 2026 21.21 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30636889 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Tim Pertumbuhan Pembaca]] telah meluncurkan fitur beta [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Penjelajahan Gambar]] (''Image Browsing'') pada versi web seluler di seluruh Wikipedia. Fitur ini menampilkan korsel gambar di bagian atas artikel yang memiliki tiga gambar atau lebih. Para penyunting dapat mengatur fitur ini melalui beberapa kontrol yang tersedia. Untuk menyembunyikan gambar tertentu dari suatu halaman, gunakan <code>class=notpageimage</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak ditampilkan dalam pratinjau keluku, atau gunakan <code>class=noviewer</code> agar gambar tersebut tidak tersedia di MediaViewer. Korsel gambar juga dapat dinonaktifkan sepenuhnya pada suatu halaman dengan menggunakan kata magis <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. Untuk memberikan masukan atau melaporkan galat, silakan kunjungi [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|halaman proyek terkait]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Tabel wiki]] (''wikitable'') kini dapat langsung [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|diurutkan dalam urutan menurun]] pada klik pertama dengan menambahkan <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> pada sel tajuk. Sebelumnya, secara bawaan, klik pertama pada tajuk kolom akan mengurutkan data dalam urutan menaik. Penambahan ini memberikan kendali dan fleksibilitas yang lebih besar dalam pengaturan tabel, sementara perilaku bawaan untuk klik berikutnya tetap tidak berubah. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Panduan artikel]] (''Article guidance'') saat ini sedang diuji coba kepada sebagian penyunting yang membuat artikel baru di Wikipedia bahasa Inggris Sederhana, Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, dan Wikipedia bahasa Turki. Dalam waktu dekat, uji coba juga akan dimulai di Wikipedia bahasa Arab dan Wikipedia bahasa Bengali. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|Fitur ini]] menyediakan panduan yang disusun dan dikurasi oleh komunitas untuk membantu penyunting membuat artikel yang sesuai dengan standar komunitas setempat. Para penyunting berpengalaman dapat terus membuat atau menyesuaikan kerangka artikel untuk jenis-jenis artikel tertentu yang umumnya dibuat oleh kontributor yang lebih baru. Kerangka tersebut berfungsi sebagai panduan agar penyunting yang kurang berpengalaman dapat menghasilkan artikel berkualitas tinggi. Panduan singkat mengenai markah yang digunakan dalam kerangka artikel tersedia di [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|halaman ini]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Contoh kerangka]] yang dapat disesuaikan beserta petunjuk penyesuaiannya juga tersedia pada [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|bagian terkait]] di halaman proyek tersebut. * Wiki yang ingin mengganti tombol "indefinitely" pada halaman Special:Block untuk akun sementara (misalnya wiki yang hanya memblokir pengguna sementara hingga masa berlaku akun berakhir) kini dapat melakukannya dengan membuat halaman [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] dan menentukan durasi pemblokiran yang diinginkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:41}} {{PLURAL:41|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai akhir Juni, pengunduhan data arsip (''dump data'') secara otomatis dari situs dumps.wikimedia.org akan mewajibkan penggunaan untaian ''user-agent'' yang sahih. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan ''user-agent'' umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Kebijakan ini merupakan [[phab:T400119|perluasan dari penegakan]] [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan ''user-agent'']] yang telah lama berlaku. Akses terhadap arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia (''Wikimedia Cloud Services'') tidak akan mengalami perubahan. * Penerapan [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|batas laju API]] global kini telah selesai sepenuhnya. Batas tersebut sudah diberlakukan pada seluruh API sesuai tingkat yang telah didokumentasikan untuk setiap kelompok pengguna. Bot yang berjalan di Toolforge atau Wikimedia Cloud Services (WMCS), maupun bot yang memiliki hak pengguna bot pada wiki mana pun, tetap dikecualikan dari pembatasan ini. Seluruh bot tetap dianjurkan mengikuti praktik terbaik yang telah didokumentasikan untuk menghindari pembatasan laju permintaan. * [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wiki Portal API] akan beralih ke mode hanya-baca mulai pekan ini (15–18 Juni). Pada pekan berikutnya (22–25 Juni), seluruh URL API Portal akan dialihkan ke dokumentasi [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs di mediaWiki.org]]. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|halaman proyek tersebut]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Pada 17 Juni pukul 18.00 UTC, Wikimedia Foundation akan menyelenggarakan panggilan Discord yang berfokus pada proses tinjauan kode (''code review''). Berdasarkan hasil [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Survei Kepuasan Pengembang]], banyak sukarelawan menyampaikan bahwa mereka mengalami kesulitan dalam proses tinjauan kode. Melalui diskusi ini, Wikimedia Foundation berharap dapat memahami pengalaman tersebut dan menemukan solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Siapa pun yang berminat dapat bergabung [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 melalui peladen Discord Komunitas Wikimedia]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Konferensi Wikimedia Amerika Latin]] akan menyelenggarakan sebuah ''hackathon'' regional yang mempertemukan komunitas teknis gerakan Wikimedia, termasuk pengembang, pengurus sistem, ilmuwan data, dan pengguna dengan hak akses lanjutan. Kontributor teknis yang berminat dapat [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform mengajukan beasiswa] partisipasi hingga 21 Juni pukul 00.00 waktu Bolivia (UTC−4). * Pendaftaran Tantangan Tim Wikimania kini telah dibuka. Kegiatan khusus ini akan berlangsung secara daring maupun luring pada 21–22 Juli, menjelang konferensi Wikimania. Semua orang dipersilakan untuk berpartisipasi, tanpa memandang tingkat keterampilan ataupun status pendaftaran Wikimania. Setiap tim akan bekerja sama menyelesaikan sepuluh tantangan penting yang mendukung komunitas Wikimedia. Informasi lebih lanjut tersedia di [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|halaman Tantangan Tim]] dan [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ mendaftar di sana]. Pendaftaran akan ditutup pada 20 Juni pukul 23.00 UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15 Juni 2026 16.48 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == ''The Signpost'': 21 June 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * From the editors: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/From the editors|Ways for beginners to support ''The Signpost'' community journalism]] * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/News and notes|Community Tech development team disbanded]] * Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Disinformation report|PR for the people?]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Recent research|Proposed tagging system for AI involvement; successful and unsuccessful AI tools for contributors]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/In the media|Who won a 14th century battle and who won the 2026 Iran war?]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Community view|Putting the Wish into the Wishlist]] * In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/In focus|A global standard for Neutral Point of View]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/On the bright side|Flowers, blue helmets, reefs, pride, and Juneteenth]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Op-ed|Breathe, Don’t Panic, there is a different story about Wikimedia + AI futures]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Opinion|Wikimedia Foundation staff develop union and Wikimedia user community reacts]] * Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Technology report|Community Tech team is disbanded, controversy erupts]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Traffic report|'Cause this is thriller, thriller night]] * WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/WikiConference report|Report of Volunteer Supporters Network Annual Meeting 2026]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Comix|Take your turn]] * Humour: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-06-21/Humour|Group of banned T-shirt makers comes out of hiding to sell new Wikipedia-themed merchandise]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 21 Juni 2026 03.21 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Bri@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30604303 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Sorotan mingguan''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]] [[phab:T418115|kini telah tersedia di Wikidata]]. Pembaruan ini memungkinkan akses ke fitur Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|jika telah diatur]]), modul Dampak, Panel Bantuan, dan Beranda Pendatang Baru yang disederhanakan (tanpa fitur Suntingan yang Disarankan). Para pengurus Wikidata saat ini masih mengatur fitur-fitur tersebut melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Halaman khusus [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] telah dibuat. Halaman ini memungkinkan pengguna menemukan rentang alamat IP tanpa perlu mengandalkan perkakas eksternal. Sebelumnya, perkakas ini hanya tersedia bagi pengguna dengan hak Pemeriksa. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Subreferensi]] merupakan fitur baru MediaWiki yang memungkinkan penyunting menggunakan kembali suatu rujukan dengan informasi yang berbeda-beda. Fitur ini akan diterapkan pada sebagian besar Wikipedia bahasa berukuran kecil dan menengah pada 23 Juni. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|Halaman Tanya Jawab]] (FAQ) memuat berbagai langkah yang dapat dilakukan di wiki Anda untuk mendukung penerapan tersebut. [[:phab:T414094|Rencana peluncuran]] juga tersedia untuk melihat tahapan penerapan berikutnya. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Mulai pekan depan, pengguna akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika mereka diblokir atau dicabut pemblokirannya dari penyuntingan, atau apabila terdapat perubahan terhadap pemblokiran tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:32}} {{PLURAL:32|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai pekan depan, penyaring penyalahgunaan yang diatur untuk "memerlukan verifikasi CAPTCHA" juga akan berlaku bagi pengguna yang memiliki hak <code>skipcaptcha</code>, termasuk sebagian besar pengguna yang telah terkonfirmasi secara otomatis (''autoconfirmed''). Bot dikecualikan dari perubahan ini. Perubahan tersebut hanya memengaruhi suntingan yang memicu suatu penyaring penyalahgunaan. Hak <code>skipcaptcha</code> tetap akan membebaskan pengguna dari keharusan menyelesaikan CAPTCHA dalam penggunaan wiki sehari-hari. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Dokumentasi rujukan untuk [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] telah dipindahkan dari Portal API ke [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox] yang bersifat interaktif. * Wiki Portal API kini telah ditutup. Untuk dokumentasi API, silakan merujuk ke [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|API Wikimedia di MediaWiki]]. Seluruh URL wiki Portal API (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) akan dialihkan ke halaman mediawiki.org mulai 22 Juni. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Pertemuan dan acara''' * Bergabunglah dalam pertemuan daring pada 25 Juni pukul 14.30 UTC untuk berkenalan dengan para pemagang Wikimedia saat ini dalam program [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] dan [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Para peserta magang akan memberikan gambaran umum mengenai proyek yang mereka kerjakan dan pemaparan singkat tentang hasil pekerjaan mereka sejauh ini. Para peserta yang hadir juga didorong untuk [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|berbagi gagasan dan menjalin koneksi dengan komunitas masing-masing]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23 Juni 2026 13.04 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|parembugan]])</bdi> 23 Juni 2026 17.11 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Codename Noreste@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Penerapan halaman kontak Legal dan Keamanan di bagian bawah wiki Anda</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Kontak Legal dan Keamanan''' Halo, rekan-rekan kontributor! Wikimedia Foundation telah menyediakan [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|halaman kontak legal dan keamanan]] yang akan ditambahkan di bagian bawah wiki. Halaman tersebut sudah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris, Italia, Jerman, Spanyol, dan sebagainya. Untuk bahasa lainnya akan segera tersedia. Silakan kunjungi [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|halaman proyek]] untuk informasi selengkapnya, serta kami harapkan kesediaannya untuk meninggalkan komentar di bawah ini atau di [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|halaman pembicaraan]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 25 Juni 2026 13.29 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == This Month in Education: June 2026 == <div class="plainlinks" lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. <div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">This Month in Education</span> <span style="font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"> Volume 15 • Issue 6 • June 2026</span> <div style="border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]</div> <div style="color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;">In This Issue</div></div> <div style="text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;"> * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement|Wikipedia Editathon at Dinajpur Govt. College: Empowering Graduate Students in the Open Knowledge Movement]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026|Wikimedia Serbia prepares for Edu Wiki camp 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries|Wiki Digi-Youth Clubs pilot explores challenge-based learning across three countries]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education|Why the EduWiki Hub Starter Kit Matters for the Future of Education]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite|Portuguese Universities adopt free knowledge tools: Wikipedia is the favorite]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo|Translating on Wikipedia used as extra – credit assignment in University of Prishtina, Kosovo]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives|Strengthening Wikimedia Education Through Community Learning and Digital Literacy Initiatives]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana|Small Group, Big Impact: Building Skills Through the Wikimedia Volunteer Focus Group in Botswana]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina|"25x25 Project – Celebrating Wikipedia" in Córdoba, Argentina]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities|Mapping and gathering educational activities on Wiki in Brazilian universities]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026|Growing Wiki Education in the Philippines: Highlights from Bikol WikiConference 2026]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program|From Mentee to Builder: Six Months in the EduWiki Hub Mentorship Program]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter|EduWiki Hub publishes its first Community Newsletter]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography|Click, Capture, and Contribute: Scaling Open Knowledge Through Mobile Photography]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes|Education in Action: Limkokwing School Adoption Program 2026 and Wikimedia Learning Outcomes]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2026/Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda|Impact of Wiki Digi youth Clubs initiative in education of Rwanda]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] 28 Juni 2026 04.15 (UTC)</div> </div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:ZI Jony@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&oldid=30725833 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Sebagai bagian dari [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Eksperimen Pembuatan Akun]], tim Pertumbuhan (''Growth'') menguji penambahan ikon akun pengguna pada tajuk versi web seluler bagi pengguna yang belum masuk log. Ikon tersebut menyediakan akses langsung ke opsi "Buat akun" dan "Masuk log". Hasil uji coba menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ini meningkatkan pembuatan akun sekitar 20% tanpa berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas suntingan atau tingkat suntingan yang bersifat konstruktif. Fitur ini akan mulai diterapkan di seluruh wiki Wikimedia Foundation pada versi web seluler pada minggu pertama bulan Juli. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * Setelah melalui [[phab:T426248|uji coba yang berhasil]], pengguna yang sudah masuk log tetapi belum [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|mengonfirmasi alamat surelnya]] saat akun dibuat kini akan melihat sebuah spanduk baru yang mengingatkan mereka untuk menyelesaikan proses tersebut. Langkah ini membantu mengurangi risiko pengguna kehilangan akses ke akun mereka, dan meningkatkan keandalan alamat surel yang terhubung dengan akun. Perubahan ini merupakan bagian dari proyek [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Keamanan Akun]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * Pembaruan pada fitur [[Special:Search|Pencarian]] menyempurnakan cara kerja <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> ketika digunakan untuk mengecualikan hasil pencarian. Sebelumnya, penggunaan <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> dengan negasi dapat secara tidak sengaja memperluas hasil pencarian dengan menambahkan ruang nama yang termasuk dalam cakupan pencarian, sehingga perilakunya membingungkan bagi pengguna yang mengharapkan penyaring pengecualian yang sederhana. Melalui pembaruan ini, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> kini hanya akan mengecualikan judul halaman yang sesuai sebagaimana mestinya, dan dapat menampilkan peringatan apabila ruang nama yang relevan belum dipilih secara eksplisit. Sementara itu, perilaku <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> tanpa negasi tetap tidak mengalami perubahan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:33}} {{PLURAL:33|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan peninjau yang menggunakan bilah alat Kurasi Halaman (''Page Curation'') tidak secara otomatis berlangganan diskusi halaman pembicaraan yang mereka mulai kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, peninjau akan menerima pemberitahuan ketika seseorang membalas diskusi tersebut. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Mulai 29 Juni, unduhan otomatis dari situs web dumps.wikimedia.org akan mengikuti [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|kebijakan agen pengguna]]. Permintaan otomatis yang menggunakan agen pengguna umum atau kosong akan diblokir. Akses ke arsip melalui Layanan Awan Wikimedia tidak akan terpengaruh. Perubahan ini merupakan tindak lanjut dari pengumuman yang disampaikan pada [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Berita Teknis edisi 2026/25]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 29 Juni 2026 11.47 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:34}} {{PLURAL:34|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah pada bilah pencarian di Wikidata yang sebelumnya menampilkan hasil dalam bahasa Inggris alih-alih menggunakan bahasa kedua yang sesuai bagi pengguna varian bahasa kini telah diperbaiki. Mulai sekarang, saran pencarian akan mengikuti rantai bahasa kedua yang diharapkan. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Sebagai persiapan menuju [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|kampanye Celebrate Women]] yang direncanakan berlangsung pada Maret 2027, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|tim Pemberdayaan Konten]] dari Wikimedia Foundation meluncurkan survei yang terdiri atas 22 pertanyaan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik mengenai kontribusi teknis yang dilakukan oleh perempuan+ (siapa pun yang mengidentifikasi dirinya sebagai perempuan) di berbagai proyek Wikimedia. Survei ini membutuhkan waktu sekitar 15–20 menit untuk diselesaikan dan akan tetap dibuka hingga 20 Juli 2026. Seluruh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|pertanyaannya]] juga telah tersedia di wiki sehingga dapat ditinjau terlebih dahulu. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Ekstensi Score]] kini mendukung penyajian partitur musik dalam format gambar SVG selain PNG. Pembaruan ini menjawab [[:phab:T49578|permintaan fitur]] yang telah lama diajukan, sekaligus mengatasi masalah kualitas gambar yang selama ini terjadi. Kedua format tersebut kini akan dikirimkan kepada pengguna: format PNG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> dan SVG pada atribut <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi>. * Pengurai [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] yang baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|terus diterapkan ke wiki lainnya]] untuk mempermudah pengenalan berbagai fitur baru dalam membaca dan menyunting. Pengurai ini kini telah diaktifkan di Wikipedia bahasa Prancis, sehingga cakupan penerapannya telah mencapai 78,9% dari seluruh tampilan halaman Wikipedia. Penerapan pada Wikipedia bahasa Inggris versi desktop akan terus berlanjut sepanjang pekan ini. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|Tulisan rangkuman]] mengenai Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 kini telah diterbitkan. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai proyek, sesi, dan kegiatan sosial yang berlangsung selama acara tahun ini, dan membagikan rencana awal penyelenggaraan Wikimedia Hackathon 2027. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 6 Juli 2026 13.56 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == ''This Month in GLAM'': June 2026 == {| style="width:100%;" | valign="top" align="center" style="border:1px gray solid; padding:1em;" | {| align="center" |- | style="text-align: center;" | [[File:This Month in GLAM logo 2018.png|350px|center|link=outreach:GLAM/Newsletter]]<br /> <hr /> <div style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;">[[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026|<span style="color:darkslategray;">This Month in GLAM – Volume XVI, Issue VI, June 2026</span>]]</div> <hr /><br /> |- style="text-align: center;" | <span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;"> '''<u>Headlines</u>'''</span> |- style="font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center;" | <div style="text-align:left; column-count:2; column-width:28em; vertical-align:top;"> * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/From the team|From the team]]: Tools, tech, and Wikimania * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Argentina report|Argentina report]]: New digitization partner * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Bangladesh report|Bangladesh report]]: International Museum Day Edit-a-thon and Workshop held in Dinajpur, Bangladesh * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Belgium report|Belgium report]]: Postal Mission on Wikimedia * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Brazil report|Brazil report]]: Empowering Institutions through Wikisource Education and GLAM Capacity Building * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Czech Republic report|Czech Republic report]]: Bridging the gap between labs and Wikipedia: continuing cooperation with FZU * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Egypt report|Egypt report]]: From Museum Celebrations to Archival Documentation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Finland report|Finland report]]: Northern Wikimedist meetup in Oulu * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/France report|France report]]: #1lib1ref Recap and International Archives Week * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Italy report|Italy report]]: Heritage and Community Action * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Mexico report|Mexico report]]: Open GLAM in Puebla * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Netherlands report|Netherlands report]]: Interview with Olaf Janssen, Wikimedia coordinator of the KB, National library of the Netherlands * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/New Zealand report|New Zealand report]]: BAU at Auckland Museum, Otago Uni Library Life and the NZBSI WiR is complete * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Macedonia report|North Macedonia report]]: Collaboration with the Botanical garden at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics in Skopje * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Poland report|Poland report]]: Poland Report: New Partnerships, Conferences, and Wikimedians in Residence * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Serbia report|Serbia report]]: Opening the Doors of Serbian Heritage: Wikimedia Serbia’s Recent GLAM and Wikidata Successes * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Spain report|Spain report]]: GLAM Labs Futures 2026 * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Sweden report|Sweden report]]: Finnish-Swedish cooperation * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Switzerland report|Switzerland report]]: Exhibition, International Archives Week Panel * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/UK report|UK report]]: Ninth Good Article from Khalili partnership * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/USA report|USA report]]: Philadelphia WikiSalon * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Biodiversity Heritage Library report|Biodiversity Heritage Library report]]: Updates on work by BHLWiki Working Group members * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/AvoinGLAM report|AvoinGLAM report]]: Is the sauna still hot? * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Memory of the World report|Memory of the World report]]: New articles * [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Contents/Events|Calendar]]: July's GLAM events </div> |- | style="font-family:Times New Roman; text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter|Read this edition in full]] &bull; [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/June 2026/Single|Single-page]] |- | valign="top" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em; font-family:Times New Roman;text-align:center; font-size:85%;" | To assist with preparing the newsletter, please visit the [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Newsroom|newsroom]]. Past editions may be viewed [[outreach:GLAM/Newsletter/Archives|here]]. |- |} |} <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[m:GLAM/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in GLAM'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/GLAM|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · [[:m:User:Romaine|Romaine]] 11 Juli 2026 22.34 (UTC)</div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Romaine@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/GLAM&oldid=30773577 --> == ''The Signpost'': 13 July 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''</div> <div style="column-count:2;"> * News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/News and notes|An exclusive club]] * In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/In the media|Battle for a soul - who won?]] * Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Opinion|We need to innovate with Wikimedia decision-making]] * Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Recent research|LLMs and NPOV, 20 years of user blocks, Esperanto and Volapük Wikipedias]] * News from Diff: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/News from Diff|How to host Wikicurious in your own community]] * Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Community view|CUNY Newmark Wikimedian-in-Residence Quarterly Brief – April to June 2026]] * Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Special report|Wikipedia escapes Category 1 designation under the UK Online Safety Act - for now]] * On the bright side: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/On the bright side|Fatherhood, weather, and diplomacy]] * Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Op-ed|A Layup Easy Proposal for Wikimedia at 25: Spend 25% of Donations on the Community]] * Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Traffic report|The grass was greener, the light was brighter]] * Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-07-13/Comix|schnozzed]] </div> <div style="margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;">'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 13 Juli 2026 07.27 (UTC) <!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --></div> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:JPxG@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&oldid=30775662 --> == <span lang="id" dir="ltr">Berita Teknis: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="id" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' terkini dari komunitas teknis Wikimedia. Harap beritahu pengguna lain mengenai perubahan ini. Tidak semua perubahan akan berdampak pada Anda. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahan]] telah tersedia. '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor''' * Fitur [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revisi Nada]] (''Revise Tone'') membantu pengguna baru mengenali bagian-bagian dalam artikel Wikipedia yang mungkin menggunakan bahasa yang kurang sesuai dengan gaya ensiklopedis, sekaligus mengajaknya untuk mempertimbangkan penyuntingan ulang agar nada tulisannya lebih tepat. Fitur ini telah diuji melalui [[w:en:A/B_testing|pengujian A/B]] di Wikipedia bahasa Arab, Inggris, Prancis, dan Portugis. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penyelesaian tugas oleh pengguna baru [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|meningkat sebesar 38,7%]] dibandingkan dengan tugas penyuntingan teks bawaan, tanpa penurunan kualitas suntingan. Uji coba tersebut berakhir pada 9 Juli, dan kini fitur ini tersedia bagi semua pengguna di wiki-wiki tersebut, dan dapat diatur melalui Konfigurasi Komunitas. Selanjutnya, fitur ini [[phab:T426364|direncanakan]] akan diluncurkan ke lebih banyak wiki. * Konfigurasi komunitas yang memungkinkan [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|pembimbing tidak aktif dihapus secara otomatis]] berdasarkan kriteria yang dapat disesuaikan akan mulai diaktifkan pada hari Kamis, 16 Juli, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|di sejumlah wiki]] agar daftar pembimbing tetap mutakhir. Pembimbing merupakan kontributor berpengalaman yang secara sukarela mendaftarkan diri untuk membantu pengguna baru di wiki melalui [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Fitur-fitur Pertumbuhan]]. Pengurus kini dapat menyiapkan pengaturannya melalui [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]. Pengaturan tersebut akan mulai berlaku pada hari Kamis. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Lihat {{formatnum:38}} {{PLURAL:38|tugas}} yang diajukan oleh komunitas yang [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|telah berhasil diselesaikan pada pekan lalu]]. Sebagai contoh, masalah yang menyebabkan sebagian pengguna aplikasi Wikipedia untuk Android langsung keluar log sesaat setelah masuk log (''login'') sehingga mereka tidak dapat tetap masuk log dan menyunting halaman, kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Berita terbaru untuk para kontributor teknis''' * Penyuntingan halaman menggunakan skrip pengguna atau gawai sebelumnya menyebabkan label daftar pantauan yang telah ditetapkan pengguna pada halaman tersebut kembali ke kondisi awal. Masalah tersebut kini telah diperbaiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * Sebagai solusi sementara untuk mengatasi bug pada Safari (lihat [[phab:T425211]]), pada wiki yang telah mengaktifkan Parsoid, atribut href pada pranala wiki kini menggunakan URL absolut, alih-alih URL relatif terhadap protokol (''protocol-relative URL''). Keluaran REST API tidak mengalami perubahan dan tetap menggunakan URL relatif terhadap protokol. Oleh karena itu, gawai, skrip pengguna, bot, atau CSS mungkin perlu disesuaikan apabila sebelumnya bergantung pada penggunaan URL relatif terhadap protokol dalam atribut href pada pranala wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Perihal berulang]] Pembaruan kode lengkap yang akan tersedia pada akhir pekan ini: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''Lebih lanjut''' * Tim Platform Eksperimen (''Experiment Platform Team'') dari Wikimedia Foundation telah menerbitkan sebuah tulisan di blog yang merenungkan tahun pertama pelaksanaan uji coba terstruktur mereka. Tulisan tersebut menyoroti berbagai eksperimen yang berhasil, seperti Pemeriksaan Tempel, Pemeriksaan Referensi, dan Pemeriksaan Nada Bahasa, yang terbukti meningkatkan hasil penyuntingan dan kini telah diluncurkan kepada lebih banyak pengguna. Selain itu, tulisan tersebut juga membahas sejumlah eksperimen yang pada akhirnya tidak menghasilkan perubahan terhadap produk. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Baca selengkapnya]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Berita teknis]]''' disiapkan oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Penulis berita teknis]] dan dikirim oleh [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Kontribusi]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Terjemahkan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Minta bantuan]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Berikan pendapat]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Berlangganan atau batalkan langganan]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13 Juli 2026 16.10 (UTC) <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:STei (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == Books & Bytes – Issue 75 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style = "font-size: 1.5em; margin: 0 100px"> [[File:Bookshelf.jpg|right|175px]]</div> <div style = "line-height: 1.2"> <span style="font-size: 2em; font-family: Copperplate, 'Copperplate Gothic Light', serif">'''The Wikipedia Library''': ''Books & Bytes''</span><br /> Issue 75, May–June 2026 </div> <div style = "margin-top: 1.5em; border: 3px solid #ae8c55; border-radius: .5em; padding: 1em 1.5em; font-size: 1.2em"> * New partnerships: The Telegraph, Marg, The Tribune newspapers * Tech tip: Expired partnerships <big>'''[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Newsletter/May-June 2026|Read the full newsletter]]'''</big> </div> </div> <small>Sent by [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of The Wikipedia Library team – 17 Juli 2026 14.44 (UTC)</small> <!-- Pesan dikirim oleh Pengguna:Samwalton9 (WMF)@metawiki dengan menggunakan daftar di https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Wikipedia_Library/Newsletter/Recipients&oldid=30816481 --> 9w55dt6x8fxq8ci290ewbmm2j7yeidh 0 200737 1752717 1752688 2026-08-16T13:01:44Z Auzif 50313 Dibuat dengan menerjemahkan bagian "Premise" dari halaman "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368616421|3 Body Problem (TV series)]]" 1752717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television|image=3 Body Problem title card.png|genre={{Plainlist| * [[Fantasy drama]] * [[Mystery fiction|Mystery thriller]] * [[Science fiction]]}}|creator={{Plainlist| * [[David Benioff]] * [[D. B. Weiss]] * [[Alexander Woo]] }}|based_on={{Based on|''[[Remembrance of Earth's Past]]''|[[Liu Cixin]]}}|starring={{Plainlist| * [[Jovan Adepo]] * [[John Bradley (English actor)|John Bradley]] * [[Rosalind Chao]] * [[Liam Cunningham]] * [[Eiza González]] * [[Jess Hong]] * [[Marlo Kelly]] * [[Alex Sharp]] * [[Sea Shimooka]] * [[Zine Tseng]] * [[Saamer Usmani]] * [[Benedict Wong]] * [[Jonathan Pryce]] <!--Starring cast order is according to original credits (the pilot episode). Do NOT rearrange cast order, per MOS:TVCAST. In addition, new starring cast members will be at the bottom of the list.--> }}|music=[[Ramin Djawadi]]|country=United States|language={{Plainlist| * English * Mandarin }}|num_seasons=1|num_episodes=8|executive_producer={{Plainlist| * [[Rosamund Pike]] * Robie Uniacke * [[Lin Qi (businessman)|Qi Lin]] * Jilong Zhao * Lauren Ma * [[Gao Xiaosong|Xiaosong Gao]] * [[Brad Pitt]] * [[Jeremy Kleiner]] * [[Dede Gardner]] * [[Rian Johnson]] * [[Ram Bergman]] * Nena Rodrigue * [[Bernadette Caulfield]] * Alexander Woo * David Benioff * D. B. Weiss }}|producer={{Plainlist| * Steve Kullback * Hameed Shaukat }}|editor={{Plainlist| * Katie Weiland * Simon Smith * Michael Ruscio * Anna Hauger }}|cinematography={{Plainlist| * [[Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer)|Jonathan Freeman]] * Richard Donnelly * PJ Dillon * Martin Ahlgren }}|runtime=44–63 minutes|company={{Plainlist| * BLB * The Three Body Universe * [[T-Street]] * [[Plan B Entertainment]] * Primitive Streak}}|budget=|network=[[Netflix]]|first_aired={{Start date|2024|3|21}}|last_aired=present}}'''3 Body Problem''' yaiku serial tivi [[Fiksi sains|rekan èlmiyah]] anggitan [[David Benioff]], [[D. B. Weiss]], lan [[Alexander Woo]]. Serial iki minangka saling pacak (''adaptasi'') serial novèl ''[[Remembrance of Earth’s Past]]'' anggitané tilas rekayasawan komputer [[Liu Cixing]]. Irah-irahan serial iki kajupuk saka jilid kapisan novelé, [[The Three-Body Problem (novèl)|The Three-Body Problem]], aran saka [[Prakara telung warang|prakara ing fisika kruhun]] (klasik) ing babagan [[Ukum ebah Newton|ukum ebah]] lan [[Ukum gravitasi sajagad Newton|gravitasi Newton]]. Wolung episode mangsa kapisané dibabar ing [[Netflix]] ing 21 Maret 2024. Punjeré lakon ing serial iki ana ing maneka pantha paraga, utamané pantha nimpuna sing ngadhepi paradaban manca bumi (''extraterestrial''). Paradaban iki mujudaké inciman lan owah-owahan gedhé-gedhen tumrap manungsa. Sanadyan rong salin pacak sadurungé, serial animasi ''[[The Three-Body Problem in Minecraft]]'' (2014-2020) lan lakon nyata (''live action'') ''[[Three-Body]]'' (2023), ngganggo [[basa Mandarin]] kaya ing novèl asliné, 3 Body Problem akèh nganggo basa Inggris, déné basa Mandariné mung sithik. Serial iki uga ngowahi papan crita sing asliné dumunung ing Tiongkok lan nglebokaké paraga-paraga mancanegara. Semana uga papan-papan manca, utamané Karajan Manunggal. Serial iki minangka proyek tivi kapisané Benioff lan Weiss sarampungé serial dhèwèké, ''[[Game of Thrones]]'' (2011-2019). Serial iki nampa biji apik. Pamilihan juru paraga, skala proyek, lan mutu kirtané (''produksinya''), dielem apik. Serial iki nampa enem pepacung (''nominasi'') ''[[Primetime Emmy Award]]'', salah sijiné pepacung [[Bebungah Prime Time kanggo Serial Sandiwara kang Pinunjul|Serial Sandiwara kang Pinunjul]] (''Outstanding Drama Series''). Ing Mei 2024 serial iki diwara arep ditutugaké menyang mangsa kapindho lan kateluné. Mangsa kapindhoné dijadwal tayang pradana (''premiere'') ing 2026. == Poking Crita (Premis) == [[Astrofisika|Juru astrofisika]] Tiongkok Ye Wenjir kudu ngadepi para pehak kawenang sawisé nyeksèni ramané seda nalika [[sidhang glawat]] (''struggle session'') jroning [[Walyakrama Kabudayan]] (''Revolusi Kebudayaan''). Dhèwèké dikirim menyang pangkalan tentara winadi amarga latar wuriné ing babagan pangawruhan (''sains''). Ing kana, dhèwèké balapan lumawan nagara liya kanggo dadi pehak kapisan sing bisa sesambungan karo alien jroning [[Perang Adhem]]. Dhèwèké banjur gawé pepunton sing bakalé ngowahi mangsa ngarep manungsa. Ing dina saiki, ing London, rerangkèning prastawa ngendhat nyalawadi lan maneka kedadeyan liya marakaké panyidik nagara lan sakumpulan bebatur karan “Lima Oxford” melbu marang mula bukané makluk manca bumi sing nyalawadi. gs6do0xdupttj2h0ptuon04yja4h4o0 1752718 1752717 2026-08-16T13:02:36Z Auzif 50313 /* Poking Crita (Premis) */ 1752718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television|image=3 Body Problem title card.png|genre={{Plainlist| * [[Fantasy drama]] * [[Mystery fiction|Mystery thriller]] * [[Science fiction]]}}|creator={{Plainlist| * [[David Benioff]] * [[D. B. Weiss]] * [[Alexander Woo]] }}|based_on={{Based on|''[[Remembrance of Earth's Past]]''|[[Liu Cixin]]}}|starring={{Plainlist| * [[Jovan Adepo]] * [[John Bradley (English actor)|John Bradley]] * [[Rosalind Chao]] * [[Liam Cunningham]] * [[Eiza González]] * [[Jess Hong]] * [[Marlo Kelly]] * [[Alex Sharp]] * [[Sea Shimooka]] * [[Zine Tseng]] * [[Saamer Usmani]] * [[Benedict Wong]] * [[Jonathan Pryce]] <!--Starring cast order is according to original credits (the pilot episode). Do NOT rearrange cast order, per MOS:TVCAST. In addition, new starring cast members will be at the bottom of the list.--> }}|music=[[Ramin Djawadi]]|country=United States|language={{Plainlist| * English * Mandarin }}|num_seasons=1|num_episodes=8|executive_producer={{Plainlist| * [[Rosamund Pike]] * Robie Uniacke * [[Lin Qi (businessman)|Qi Lin]] * Jilong Zhao * Lauren Ma * [[Gao Xiaosong|Xiaosong Gao]] * [[Brad Pitt]] * [[Jeremy Kleiner]] * [[Dede Gardner]] * [[Rian Johnson]] * [[Ram Bergman]] * Nena Rodrigue * [[Bernadette Caulfield]] * Alexander Woo * David Benioff * D. B. Weiss }}|producer={{Plainlist| * Steve Kullback * Hameed Shaukat }}|editor={{Plainlist| * Katie Weiland * Simon Smith * Michael Ruscio * Anna Hauger }}|cinematography={{Plainlist| * [[Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer)|Jonathan Freeman]] * Richard Donnelly * PJ Dillon * Martin Ahlgren }}|runtime=44–63 minutes|company={{Plainlist| * BLB * The Three Body Universe * [[T-Street]] * [[Plan B Entertainment]] * Primitive Streak}}|budget=|network=[[Netflix]]|first_aired={{Start date|2024|3|21}}|last_aired=present}}'''3 Body Problem''' yaiku serial tivi [[Fiksi sains|rekan èlmiyah]] anggitan [[David Benioff]], [[D. B. Weiss]], lan [[Alexander Woo]]. Serial iki minangka saling pacak (''adaptasi'') serial novèl ''[[Remembrance of Earth’s Past]]'' anggitané tilas rekayasawan komputer [[Liu Cixing]]. Irah-irahan serial iki kajupuk saka jilid kapisan novelé, [[The Three-Body Problem (novèl)|The Three-Body Problem]], aran saka [[Prakara telung warang|prakara ing fisika kruhun]] (klasik) ing babagan [[Ukum ebah Newton|ukum ebah]] lan [[Ukum gravitasi sajagad Newton|gravitasi Newton]]. Wolung episode mangsa kapisané dibabar ing [[Netflix]] ing 21 Maret 2024. Punjeré lakon ing serial iki ana ing maneka pantha paraga, utamané pantha nimpuna sing ngadhepi paradaban manca bumi (''extraterestrial''). Paradaban iki mujudaké inciman lan owah-owahan gedhé-gedhen tumrap manungsa. Sanadyan rong salin pacak sadurungé, serial animasi ''[[The Three-Body Problem in Minecraft]]'' (2014-2020) lan lakon nyata (''live action'') ''[[Three-Body]]'' (2023), ngganggo [[basa Mandarin]] kaya ing novèl asliné, 3 Body Problem akèh nganggo basa Inggris, déné basa Mandariné mung sithik. Serial iki uga ngowahi papan crita sing asliné dumunung ing Tiongkok lan nglebokaké paraga-paraga mancanegara. Semana uga papan-papan manca, utamané Karajan Manunggal. Serial iki minangka proyek tivi kapisané Benioff lan Weiss sarampungé serial dhèwèké, ''[[Game of Thrones]]'' (2011-2019). Serial iki nampa biji apik. Pamilihan juru paraga, skala proyek, lan mutu kirtané (''produksinya''), dielem apik. Serial iki nampa enem pepacung (''nominasi'') ''[[Primetime Emmy Award]]'', salah sijiné pepacung [[Bebungah Prime Time kanggo Serial Sandiwara kang Pinunjul|Serial Sandiwara kang Pinunjul]] (''Outstanding Drama Series''). Ing Mei 2024 serial iki diwara arep ditutugaké menyang mangsa kapindho lan kateluné. Mangsa kapindhoné dijadwal tayang pradana (''premiere'') ing 2026. == Poking Crita (Premis) == [[Astrofisika|Juru astrofisika]] Tiongkok Ye Wenjie kudu ngadepi para pehak kawenang sawisé nyeksèni ramané seda nalika [[sidhang glawat]] (''struggle session'') jroning [[Walyakrama Kabudayan]] (''Revolusi Kebudayaan''). Dhèwèké dikirim menyang pangkalan tentara winadi amarga latar wuriné ing babagan pangawruhan (''sains''). Ing kana, dhèwèké balapan lumawan nagara liya kanggo dadi pehak kapisan sing bisa sesambungan karo alien jroning [[Perang Adhem]]. Dhèwèké banjur gawé pepunton sing bakalé ngowahi mangsa ngarep manungsa. Ing dina saiki, ing London, rerangkèning prastawa ngendhat nyalawadi lan maneka kedadeyan liya marakaké panyidik nagara lan sakumpulan bebatur karan “Lima Oxford” melbu marang mula bukané makluk manca bumi sing nyalawadi. ru8h7evqe2gnii7xvvw4mjxfjca7adk 1752719 1752718 2026-08-16T13:07:55Z Auzif 50313 Pranala ditambahaké 1752719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television|image=3 Body Problem title card.png|genre={{Plainlist| * [[Fantasy drama]] * [[Mystery fiction|Mystery thriller]] * [[Science fiction]]}}|creator={{Plainlist| * [[David Benioff]] * [[D. B. Weiss]] * [[Alexander Woo]] }}|based_on={{Based on|''[[Remembrance of Earth's Past]]''|[[Liu Cixin]]}}|starring={{Plainlist| * [[Jovan Adepo]] * [[John Bradley (English actor)|John Bradley]] * [[Rosalind Chao]] * [[Liam Cunningham]] * [[Eiza González]] * [[Jess Hong]] * [[Marlo Kelly]] * [[Alex Sharp]] * [[Sea Shimooka]] * [[Zine Tseng]] * [[Saamer Usmani]] * [[Benedict Wong]] * [[Jonathan Pryce]] <!--Starring cast order is according to original credits (the pilot episode). Do NOT rearrange cast order, per MOS:TVCAST. In addition, new starring cast members will be at the bottom of the list.--> }}|music=[[Ramin Djawadi]]|country=United States|language={{Plainlist| * English * Mandarin }}|num_seasons=1|num_episodes=8|executive_producer={{Plainlist| * [[Rosamund Pike]] * Robie Uniacke * [[Lin Qi (businessman)|Qi Lin]] * Jilong Zhao * Lauren Ma * [[Gao Xiaosong|Xiaosong Gao]] * [[Brad Pitt]] * [[Jeremy Kleiner]] * [[Dede Gardner]] * [[Rian Johnson]] * [[Ram Bergman]] * Nena Rodrigue * [[Bernadette Caulfield]] * Alexander Woo * David Benioff * D. B. Weiss }}|producer={{Plainlist| * Steve Kullback * Hameed Shaukat }}|editor={{Plainlist| * Katie Weiland * Simon Smith * Michael Ruscio * Anna Hauger }}|cinematography={{Plainlist| * [[Jonathan Freeman (cinematographer)|Jonathan Freeman]] * Richard Donnelly * PJ Dillon * Martin Ahlgren }}|runtime=44–63 minutes|company={{Plainlist| * BLB * The Three Body Universe * [[T-Street]] * [[Plan B Entertainment]] * Primitive Streak}}|budget=|network=[[Netflix]]|first_aired={{Start date|2024|3|21}}|last_aired=present}}'''3 Body Problem''' yaiku serial tivi [[Fiksi sains|rekan èlmiyah]] anggitan [[David Benioff]], [[D. B. Weiss]], lan [[Alexander Woo]]. Serial iki minangka saling pacak (''adaptasi'') serial novèl ''[[Remembrance of Earth’s Past]]'' anggitané tilas rekayasawan komputer [[Liu Cixing]]. Irah-irahan serial iki kajupuk saka jilid kapisan novelé, [[The Three-Body Problem (novèl)|The Three-Body Problem]], aran saka [[Prakara telung warang|prakara ing fisika kruhun]] (klasik) ing babagan [[Ukum ebah Newton|ukum ebah]] lan [[Ukum gravitasi sajagad Newton|gravitasi Newton]]. Wolung episode mangsa kapisané dibabar ing [[Netflix]] ing 21 Maret 2024. Punjeré lakon ing serial iki ana ing maneka pantha paraga, utamané pantha nimpuna sing ngadhepi paradaban manca bumi (''extraterestrial''). Paradaban iki mujudaké inciman lan owah-owahan gedhé-gedhen tumrap manungsa. Sanadyan rong salin pacak sadurungé, serial animasi ''[[The Three-Body Problem in Minecraft]]'' (2014-2020) lan lakon nyata (''live action'') ''[[Three-Body]]'' (2023), ngganggo [[basa Mandarin]] kaya ing novèl asliné, 3 Body Problem akèh nganggo basa Inggris, déné basa Mandariné mung sithik. Serial iki uga ngowahi papan crita sing asliné dumunung ing Tiongkok lan nglebokaké paraga-paraga mancanegara. Semana uga papan-papan manca, utamané Karajan Manunggal. Serial iki minangka proyek tivi kapisané Benioff lan Weiss sarampungé serial dhèwèké, ''[[Game of Thrones]]'' (2011-2019). Serial iki nampa biji apik. Pamilihan juru paraga, skala proyek, lan mutu kirtané (''produksinya''), dielem apik. Serial iki nampa enem pepacung (''nominasi'') ''[[Primetime Emmy Award]]'', salah sijiné pepacung [[Bebungah Prime Time kanggo Serial Sandiwara kang Pinunjul|Serial Sandiwara kang Pinunjul]] (''Outstanding Drama Series''). Ing Mei 2024 serial iki diwara arep ditutugaké menyang mangsa kapindho lan kateluné. Mangsa kapindhoné dijadwal [[Prawedhar|diprawedhar]] ing 2026. == Poking Crita (Premis) == [[Astrofisika|Juru astrofisika]] Tiongkok Ye Wenjie kudu ngadepi para pehak kawenang sawisé nyeksèni ramané seda nalika [[sidhang glawat]] (''struggle session'') jroning [[Walyakrama Kabudayan]] (''Revolusi Kebudayaan''). Dhèwèké dikirim menyang pangkalan tentara winadi amarga latar wuriné ing babagan pangawruhan (''sains''). Ing kana, dhèwèké balapan lumawan nagara liya kanggo dadi pehak kapisan sing bisa sesambungan karo alien jroning [[Perang Adhem]]. Dhèwèké banjur gawé pepunton sing bakalé ngowahi mangsa ngarep manungsa. Ing dina saiki, ing London, rerangkèning prastawa ngendhat nyalawadi lan maneka kedadeyan liya marakaké panyidik nagara lan sakumpulan bebatur karan “Lima Oxford” melbu marang mula bukané makluk manca bumi sing nyalawadi. r9896uo0r7suu17nuxet4ny69tz6bp5 0 200748 1752720 2026-08-16T13:33:59Z Meursault2004 3 Rintisan saka [[:en:2026 East Nusa Tenggara earthquake|]] 1752720 wikitext text/x-wiki Ing surya 15 Agustus 2026, jam 05:58 [[WITA]], ana lindhu mawa magnitudho {{M|w|7.7}} ing [[Flores|Pulo Flores]] ing Nusa Tenggara Wétan, Indonésia. Ana sakurangé 55 wong tiwas lan 135 tatu-tatu. Lindhu iki uga marahi anané [[tsunami]] sing dhuwuré 1,61 mèter. [[Kategori:2026]] 110t93r9qmc40z2x19h12dxfhxem0wy 1752721 1752720 2026-08-16T13:34:57Z Meursault2004 3 + gambar 1752721 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:M 7.7 - 68 km NNW of Ende, Indonesia.png|thumb|Lindhu Flores 2026]] Ing surya 15 Agustus 2026, jam 05:58 [[WITA]], ana lindhu mawa magnitudho 7,7 ing [[Flores|Pulo Flores]] ing Nusa Tenggara Wétan, Indonésia. Ana sakurangé 55 wong tiwas lan 135 tatu-tatu. Lindhu iki uga marahi anané [[tsunami]] sing dhuwuré 1,61 mèter. [[Kategori:2026]] msnfydun6vueccyx30x5lr8atwxl88p 0 200749 1752735 2026-08-17T03:08:14Z Auzif 50313 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363355691|Red August]]" 1752735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack|title=Agustus Abrit|image=File:Songbinbin2.jpg|caption=[[Song Binbin]] nali ban abang marang Kapala Chairman Mao Zedong ing Gapura Tiananmen, 1966. Ing 18 Agustus, 1966, [[Mao Zedong]] nemoni para mahasiswa [[Pangreksa Abrit]] ing [[Tiananmen]], marakaké elunan pepati gora ing [[Beijing]].|location=[[Beijing]], [[China]]|date=1966|partof=[[Walyakrama]] ing [[Tiongkok]]|native_name=红八月|time-begin=August|time-end=September 1966|target=Teachers, intellectuals, members of the "[[Five Black Categories]]" (Landlords, wealthy peasants, bad influences/elements and right wingers), local political leaders and perceived political enemies of [[Mao Zedong]]|type=[[Politicide]], politically motivated violence|fatalities=1,772–10,275 (deaths)<br>85,196 (families displaced)|victims=[[landlords]], property owners, political dissidents, “[[class enemies]]”|perpetrators=[[Chinese Communist Party]], [[Cultural Revolution Group]] ([[Chen Boda]], [[Jiang Qing]], [[Kang Sheng]], [[Yao Wenyuan]], [[Zhang Chunqiao]], [[Wang Li (politician)|Wang Li]], [[Xie Fuzhi]]) and student [[Red Guards]] incited by [[Mao Zedong]]|perpetrator=|motive=Destruction of the "[[Four Olds]] (Old cultures, old customs, old habits and ideas) and [[Five Black Categories]] (Landlords, wealthy peasants, bad influences/elements and “right wingers”)}} '''Agustus Abrit''' ([[Hanzi prasaja|aksara Tiongkok prasaja]]: 红八月; [[Aksara Cinten tradhisional|aksara Tiongkok kamanuhan]]: 紅八月; pinyin: Hóng Bāyuè) yaiku tetembungan kanggo aran titi mangsané [[paripeksa rajaniti]] (''kekerasan politik'') lan [[pepati gora]] (''pembantaian'') ing [[Beijing]] wiwit Agustus 1966, nalika [[Walyakrama Kabudayan]] (''Revolusi Kebudayaan''). <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/11/the-cultural-revolution-50-years-on-all-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-political-convulsion|title=The Cultural Revolution: all you need to know about China's political convulsion|last=Phillips|first=Tom|date=2016-05-11|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2019-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208010532/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/11/the-cultural-revolution-50-years-on-all-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-political-convulsion|archive-date=2019-12-08|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/13/china-communist-party-grandfather-survived-cultural-revolution-why-does-he-still-love-mao/|title=My Grandfather Survived China's Cultural Revolution. Why Does He Still Love Mao?|last=Dong|first=Yifu|date=13 September 2016|website=[[Foreign Policy]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224032702/https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/13/china-communist-party-grandfather-survived-cultural-revolution-why-does-he-still-love-mao/|archive-date=2019-12-24|access-date=2019-12-23}}</ref> Miturut babaran statistik resmi ing 1980 sabubaré Walyakrama Kabudayan, [[Pangreksa Abrit]] (''Red Guard'') ing Beijing maténi wong-wong kanthi gunggung 1.772 salawas Augustus Abrit, déné 33.695 omah dijarah, lan 85.196 kulawarga ditundhung. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&q=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august&pg=PA237|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2006-07-17|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6491-7|pages=xxi (Chronology)|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi|access-date=2020-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611201605/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA237&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august|archive-date=2020-06-11}}</ref> <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/cr/ZK11/cr651.gb.html|title=文革中"非正常死亡"了多少人？ ---- 读苏扬的《文革中中国农村的集体屠杀》|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-10-11|website=China News Digest|language=zh|trans-title=How many people "died unnaturally" during the Cultural Revolution?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417051307/http://www.cnd.org/cr/ZK11/cr651.gb.html|archive-date=2022-04-17|access-date=|quote=有关北京市文革的受害者人数，目下最流行的大都引用文革初期北京市公安局对“红色恐怖”中死亡数的统计：1,772 人。另有33,695户被抄家，85,196个家庭被驱逐出北京。其实，1985年11月5日北京市核查工作会议的工作报告“加强领导，再接再厉，全面做好二期整党的核查工作”有过新的调查和统计。其中死亡数为10,275 （增长率580%）；被抄家为92,000户 (增长率273%)，被驱逐出北京的家庭为125,000 (增长率147%) 。从官方矛盾的陈述中可以清楚地看到：公开的数字被大大地缩小了。}}</ref> Nanging miturut babaran statistik resmi ing Novèmber 1985, gunggungé korban tiwas ing Beijing ana 10.275 wong.<ref name=":8" /> <ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=http://beijingspring.com/bj2/2010/170/201332200545.htm|title=记下老红卫兵的血债|last=Peng|first=Xiaoming|date=2013-03-02|website=Beijing Spring (北京之春)|language=zh|trans-title=On the "bloody debt" of the "Old" Red Guards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509040853/http://beijingspring.com/bj2/2010/170/201332200545.htm|archive-date=2013-05-09|access-date=2019-12-10|quote=1966红八月打人死亡数为10,275人 ；被抄家为92,000户 ，被驱逐出北京的家庭为125,000户，《1985年11月5日北京市核查工作会议的工作报告“加强领导，再接再厉，全面做好二期整党的核查工作”》（《动向》2011年9月号）}}</ref> <ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.boxun.com/hero/201203/beijingzhoumoshihui/18_1.shtml|title=毛泽东大笑谈杀人|last=Sai|first=Hongqiu|website=Boxun|publisher=北京周末诗会|language=zh|trans-title=Mao Zedong talked about killing people with laughter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210052515/https://blog.boxun.com/hero/201203/beijingzhoumoshihui/18_1.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> Ing 18 Agustus 1966, Kapala [[Mao Zedong]] nemoni [[Song Binbin]], sawijiné pangarep Pangreksa Abrit, ing ndhuwur [[Tiananmen]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/victim_ebook_070505.pdf|title=Victim of the Cultural Revolution——An Investigative Account of Persecution, Imprisonment and Murder|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|publisher=|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012075659/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/victim_ebook_070505.pdf|archive-date=2016-10-12}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://mjlsh.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/Book.aspx?cid=4&tid=2464|title=文革时期北京大兴县大屠杀调查|last=Yu|first=Luowen|website=[[Chinese University of Hong Kong]]|publisher=[[Lecture Room]]|language=zh|trans-title=An investigation of the Daxing Massacre in Beijing during the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609003835/http://mjlsh.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/Book.aspx?cid=4&tid=2464|archive-date=2019-06-09|access-date=2019-12-10|quote=婴儿往往是被劈成两半。有的孩子被孤零零地留在家里，打手们到各家搜，见到小孩就扔到门口的马车上，多数孩子被活活摔死了。死人都被埋在村北边的苇塘里，后来人们管那里叫“万人坑”。有的小孩没被摔死，从“万人坑”里还想往外爬，打手们上去就是一铁锹，再把他打回去。}}</ref> Tumindak iki marakaké elunan (''gelombang'') paripeksa lan pepati gora ing kutha dening Pangreksa Abrit sing uga miwiti kampanye kanggo ngajuraké “[[Sekawan Barang Lami]]”. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&q=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august&pg=PA237|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2006-07-17|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6491-7|pages=xxi (Chronology)|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi|access-date=2020-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611201605/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA237&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august|archive-date=2020-06-11}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":111">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-08-25|website=[[Sciences Po]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410202455/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|archive-date=2023-04-10|access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref> Pepati sing tumindak dening Pangreksa Abrit iki uga madampak ing sawetara dhistrik désa ing Beijing, kaya ing prastawa [[Pepati Gora Daxing]], sing niwasaké 325 wong saka 27 Agustus nganti 1 Sèptèmber ing [[Dhistrik Daxing]]. <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|date=2014-12-07|title=A Massacre in Daxing County During the Cultural Revolution|journal=Chinese Law & Government|language=en|volume=14|issue=3|pages=70–71|doi=10.2753/CLG0009-4609140370}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9NQCgAAQBAJ&q=Daxing+Massacre&pg=PA86|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2015-07-23|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-5172-4|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi}}</ref> <ref name=":22">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/07/18/a-nightmare-leaves-scars-questions/05791e4e-e4a4-49b8-b235-c440f51783c0/|title=A NIGHTMARE LEAVES SCARS, QUESTIONS|last=Southerl|first=Daniel|date=1994-07-18|work=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224105059/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/07/18/a-nightmare-leaves-scars-questions/05791e4e-e4a4-49b8-b235-c440f51783c0/|archive-date=2019-12-24|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Sauntara kuwi, sawetara wong, kaya juru tulis kondhang [[Lao She]], [[Zhou Zuoren]], lan [[Chen Mengjia]], manta nglalu utawa ngupaya nglalu sawisé diréyoh. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":7" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/rct/pdf/e_outputs/b10/v10p005.pdf|title=Death and the Nobel-On Lao She's "Suicide"|last=Brady|first=Paul|date=1974|website=Chinese University of Hong Kong|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227054417/http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/rct/pdf/e_outputs/b10/v10p005.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.pku.edu.cn/news_events/news/campus/1605.html|title=PKU Today in History - May 6: Passing of Zhou Zuoren|website=[[Peking University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430015643/https://english.pku.edu.cn/news_events/news/campus/1605.html|archive-date=2024-04-30|access-date=2024-05-09}}</ref> Salawas pepati gora, Mao Zedong kanthi terang-terangan nentang cawé-cawéning pangrèh tumrap ebahan (''gerakan'') mahasiswa lan [[Xie Fuzhi]], Mentri ing [[Kanayakan Karaharjan Rakyat (Tingkok)|Kanayakan Karaharjan Rakyat]] angrèh pulisi lan berbadan karaharjan rakyat kanggo ora nyekel para Pangreksa Abrit nanging malah ngampingi. <ref name=":111" /> <ref name=":33">{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_65.htm|title=Talk At The Work Conference Of The Centre|last=Mao|first=Zedong|date=1966-08-23|website=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715142628/https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_65.htm|archive-date=2018-07-15}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/detail_2012_09/01/17271511_0.shtml?_from_ralated|title=血统论和大兴"八三一"事件|last=Sun|first=Yancheng|date=2012|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[Yanhuang Chunqiu]]|language=zh|trans-title=Bloodline theory and the Daxing Massacre|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210045134/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/detail_2012_09/01/17271511_0.shtml?_from_ralated|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/shendu/nfzm/detail_2014_03/14/34768339_0.shtml|title=王晶垚: "我，没有忘记历史"|last=Feng|first=Xiang|date=2014|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[Southern Weekly]]|language=zh|trans-title=Wang Jingyao: I, have not forgotten history|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210045143/http://news.ifeng.com/shendu/nfzm/detail_2014_03/14/34768339_0.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/200912/1214_6858_1473893.shtml|title=对红卫兵组织失去信任 毛泽东决定下放知青始末|date=2009-12-14|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[People's Daily|People's Net]]|language=zh|trans-title=Losing faith in the Red Guards organizations, Mao Zedong decided to "[[Down to the Countryside Movement|send the youths to the countryside]]"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527233055/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/200912/1214_6858_1473893.shtml|archive-date=2015-05-27|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> Nanging kahanan wiwit ora karuan ing pungkasan Agustus 1966, meksa [[Panitya Punjer Partè Kumunis Tiongkok]] lan pangrèh Tiongkok cawé-cawé sing marakaké alon-alon pepati gora mandheg. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK06/cr340.gb.html|title=《亲历重庆大武斗》序|last=Wang|first=Nianyi|date=2006-06-13|website=China News Digest (华夏文摘)|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519123434/http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK06/cr340.gb.html|archive-date=2011-05-19|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> Agustus Abrit dianggep mula bukané Karèsan Abrit jroning Walyakrama Kabudayan Tiongkok.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref name=":111">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-08-25|website=[[Sciences Po]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410202455/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|archive-date=2023-04-10|access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref> <ref name=":34">{{Cite web|url=https://www.statesman.com/article/20120901/NEWS/309013925|title=Chinese haunted by bloody 'Red August'|last=Lasseter|first=Tom|website=[[Austin American-Statesman]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612062816/https://www.statesman.com/article/20120901/NEWS/309013925|archive-date=2020-06-12|access-date=2020-06-12}}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=diezDwAAQBAJ&q=%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E6%81%90%E6%80%96&pg=PR43|title=中外學者談文革|last=Xiong|first=Jingming|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Yu|first3=Guoliang|date=2018-06-15|publisher=[[The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press]]|isbn=978-988-17563-3-6|location=Hong Kong|pages=xliii (Introduction)|language=zh|trans-title=Scholars in and out of China talking about the Cultural Revolution|author-link2=Song Yongyi}}</ref> <ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/zhuanlan/xinlingzhilyu/wengebeiwanglu/m0816mind-08152013163142.html|title=47周年回放：再忆文革"八.一八"和 "红八月"|date=2013-08-15|website=[[Radio Free Asia]]|language=zh|trans-title=Forty-seventh anniversary: remembering the "August 18" and Red August of the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210060415/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/zhuanlan/xinlingzhilyu/wengebeiwanglu/m0816mind-08152013163142.html|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> Prastawa iki uga disandhing karo prastawa ''[[Kristallnact]]'' dening [[Jerman Nazi|Jérman Nazi]], ''<ref name=":30">{{Cite journal|last=Ma|first=Sheng-Mei|date=1987-01-01|title=Contrasting Two Survival Literatures: On the Jewish Holocaust and the Chinese Cultural Revolution|url=https://academic.oup.com/hgs/article/2/1/81/759930|journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=81–93|doi=10.1093/hgs/2.1.81|issn=8756-6583|url-access=subscription}}</ref>'' <ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/61964|title=红八月，血迹未乾|last=Jin|first=Zhong|date=27 August 2016|website=Independent Chinese PEN Center|language=zh|trans-title=Red August, the blood is still wet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210070701/https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/61964|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/zh/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B9%E8%8A%AC%E7%BB%8F%E5%8E%86%E7%9A%84818/a-15326044|title=王容芬经历的"8·18"|date=2011-08-19|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=zh|trans-title=Wang Rongfang's experience on "August 18"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210070728/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B9%E8%8A%AC%E7%BB%8F%E5%8E%86%E7%9A%84818/a-15326044|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":25">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mjlsh.org/book.aspx?cid=2&tid=2835&pid=7350|title=沉重的回忆（41）"文革"风暴到来的时候|last=Wang|first=Chuanye|website=[[Chinese University of Hong Kong]]|language=zh|trans-title=Heavy memories (41): when the storm of "Cultural Revolution" arrived|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324122118/http://www.mjlsh.org/book.aspx?cid=2&tid=2835&pid=7350|archive-date=2020-03-24|access-date=}}</ref> <ref name=":26">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxun.com/news/gb/z_special/2012/04/201204232254.shtml|title=也说"老红卫兵"|last=Xi|first=Ligong|date=2012|website=Boxun|publisher=[[Consensus (website)|Consensus Net]]|language=zh|trans-title=On the "Old" Red Guards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210072231/https://www.boxun.com/news/gb/z_special/2012/04/201204232254.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":27">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK12/cr696.gb.html|title=伫视王晶垚－宋彬彬对簿历史的公堂——《宋彬彬谈话纪要》的解读及其它（下）|last=Lang|first=Jun|date=2012|website=China News Digest (华夏文摘)|language=zh|trans-title=Looking at the court of history between Wang Jinyao and Song Binbin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211010715/http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK12/cr696.gb.html|archive-date=2019-12-11|access-date=}}</ref> lan [[Pepati Gora Nanjing]] dening [[Tentara Kamaharajan Jepang|tentara Jepang]] nalika Perang [[Tiongkok-Jepang Kapindho]]. <ref name=":25" /> <ref name=":26" /> <ref name=":27" /> <ref name=":29">{{Cite web|url=https://theinitium.com/article/20181213-notes-nanjing-massacre/|title=建構文化創傷——從南京大屠殺與「文革」說起|last=Luo Ri|first=Yu Deng|date=2018-12-13|website=[[Initium Media]]|trans-title=Constructing cultural tramas——beginning from the Nanjing Massacre and the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211010714/https://theinitium.com/article/20181213-notes-nanjing-massacre/|archive-date=2019-12-11|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":32">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/53378|title=谁敢把皇帝拉下马？----文革五十周年反思|last=Ma|first=Jian|date=2016|website=Independent Chinese PEN Center|language=zh|trans-title=Who dares to drag the Emperor down from the horse: reflection written on the fiftieth anniversary of the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628182031/https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/53378|archive-date=2020-06-28|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> [[Pisahé Tiongkok-Sovyèt]] ing 1960-an, marakaké [[Uni Sovyèt]] nyecampah lan mancahi kanthi sengit apa sing dilakoni Mao. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://china.usc.edu/pravda-anti-soviet-policy-communist-china-feb-16-1967|title=Pravda, The Anti-Soviet Policy of Communist China, Feb. 16, 1967|website=University of Southern California|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714074826/https://china.usc.edu/pravda-anti-soviet-policy-communist-china-feb-16-1967|archive-date=2024-07-14|access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=McGuire|first=Elizabeth|date=2001-05-01|title=China, the Fun House Mirror: Soviet Reactions to the Chinese Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fs1526m|journal=Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies|language=en}}</ref> Sawetara babaran ing USSR lan [[Blok Wètan]] uga nyandhing patemoné Mao lan Pangreksa Abrit ing Tiananmen kaya sesorahing [[Adolf Hitler]] marang panyengkuyungé. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/3334409.html|title=文革与苏联 红卫兵成贬义 毛形象恶劣|last=Bai|first=Hua|date=2016-05-18|website=[[Voice of America]]|language=zh|trans-title=Cultural Revolution and the Soviet Union: Red Guards' negative meaning and Mao's poor image|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130110228/https://www.voachinese.com/a/3334409.html|archive-date=2024-11-30|access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref> fn9baymr34et6de5uhkv60vlgamq8qr 1752736 1752735 2026-08-17T03:16:17Z Auzif 50313 /* */ 1752736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack|title=Agustus Abrit|image=File:Songbinbin2.jpg|caption=[[Song Binbin]] nali ban abang marang Kapala Chairman Mao Zedong ing Gapura Tiananmen, 1966. Ing 18 Agustus, 1966, [[Mao Zedong]] nemoni para mahasiswa [[Pangreksa Abrit]] ing [[Tiananmen]], marakaké elunan pepati gora ing [[Beijing]].|location=[[Beijing]], [[China]]|date=1966|partof=[[Walyakrama]] ing [[Tiongkok]]|native_name=红八月|time-begin=August|time-end=September 1966|target=Teachers, intellectuals, members of the "[[Five Black Categories]]" (Landlords, wealthy peasants, bad influences/elements and right wingers), local political leaders and perceived political enemies of [[Mao Zedong]]|type=[[Politicide]], politically motivated violence|fatalities=1,772–10,275 (deaths)<br>85,196 (families displaced)|victims=[[landlords]], property owners, political dissidents, “[[class enemies]]”|perpetrators=[[Chinese Communist Party]], [[Cultural Revolution Group]] ([[Chen Boda]], [[Jiang Qing]], [[Kang Sheng]], [[Yao Wenyuan]], [[Zhang Chunqiao]], [[Wang Li (politician)|Wang Li]], [[Xie Fuzhi]]) and student [[Red Guards]] incited by [[Mao Zedong]]|perpetrator=|motive=Destruction of the "[[Four Olds]] (Old cultures, old customs, old habits and ideas) and [[Five Black Categories]] (Landlords, wealthy peasants, bad influences/elements and “right wingers”)}} '''Agustus Abrit''' ([[Hanzi prasaja|aksara Tiongkok prasaja]]: 红八月; [[Aksara Cinten tradhisional|aksara Tiongkok kamanuhan]]: 紅八月; pinyin: Hóng Bāyuè) yaiku tetembungan kanggo aran titi mangsané [[paripeksa rajaniti]] (''kekerasan politik'') lan [[pepati gora]] (''pembantaian'') ing [[Beijing]] wiwit Agustus 1966, nalika [[Walyakrama Kabudayan]] (''Revolusi Kebudayaan''). <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/11/the-cultural-revolution-50-years-on-all-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-political-convulsion|title=The Cultural Revolution: all you need to know about China's political convulsion|last=Phillips|first=Tom|date=2016-05-11|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2019-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208010532/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/11/the-cultural-revolution-50-years-on-all-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-political-convulsion|archive-date=2019-12-08|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/13/china-communist-party-grandfather-survived-cultural-revolution-why-does-he-still-love-mao/|title=My Grandfather Survived China's Cultural Revolution. Why Does He Still Love Mao?|last=Dong|first=Yifu|date=13 September 2016|website=[[Foreign Policy]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224032702/https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/13/china-communist-party-grandfather-survived-cultural-revolution-why-does-he-still-love-mao/|archive-date=2019-12-24|access-date=2019-12-23}}</ref> Miturut babaran statistik resmi ing 1980 sabubaré Walyakrama Kabudayan, [[Pangreksa Abrit]] (''Red Guard'') ing Beijing maténi wong-wong kanthi gunggung 1.772 salawas Augustus Abrit, déné 33.695 omah dijarah, lan 85.196 kulawarga ditundhung. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&q=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august&pg=PA237|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2006-07-17|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6491-7|pages=xxi (Chronology)|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi|access-date=2020-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611201605/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA237&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august|archive-date=2020-06-11}}</ref> <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/cr/ZK11/cr651.gb.html|title=文革中"非正常死亡"了多少人？ ---- 读苏扬的《文革中中国农村的集体屠杀》|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-10-11|website=China News Digest|language=zh|trans-title=How many people "died unnaturally" during the Cultural Revolution?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417051307/http://www.cnd.org/cr/ZK11/cr651.gb.html|archive-date=2022-04-17|access-date=|quote=有关北京市文革的受害者人数，目下最流行的大都引用文革初期北京市公安局对“红色恐怖”中死亡数的统计：1,772 人。另有33,695户被抄家，85,196个家庭被驱逐出北京。其实，1985年11月5日北京市核查工作会议的工作报告“加强领导，再接再厉，全面做好二期整党的核查工作”有过新的调查和统计。其中死亡数为10,275 （增长率580%）；被抄家为92,000户 (增长率273%)，被驱逐出北京的家庭为125,000 (增长率147%) 。从官方矛盾的陈述中可以清楚地看到：公开的数字被大大地缩小了。}}</ref> Nanging miturut babaran statistik resmi ing Novèmber 1985, gunggungé korban tiwas ing Beijing ana 10.275 wong.<ref name=":8" /> <ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=http://beijingspring.com/bj2/2010/170/201332200545.htm|title=记下老红卫兵的血债|last=Peng|first=Xiaoming|date=2013-03-02|website=Beijing Spring (北京之春)|language=zh|trans-title=On the "bloody debt" of the "Old" Red Guards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509040853/http://beijingspring.com/bj2/2010/170/201332200545.htm|archive-date=2013-05-09|access-date=2019-12-10|quote=1966红八月打人死亡数为10,275人 ；被抄家为92,000户 ，被驱逐出北京的家庭为125,000户，《1985年11月5日北京市核查工作会议的工作报告“加强领导，再接再厉，全面做好二期整党的核查工作”》（《动向》2011年9月号）}}</ref> <ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.boxun.com/hero/201203/beijingzhoumoshihui/18_1.shtml|title=毛泽东大笑谈杀人|last=Sai|first=Hongqiu|website=Boxun|publisher=北京周末诗会|language=zh|trans-title=Mao Zedong talked about killing people with laughter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210052515/https://blog.boxun.com/hero/201203/beijingzhoumoshihui/18_1.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> Ing 18 Agustus 1966, Kapala [[Mao Zedong]] nemoni [[Song Binbin]], sawijiné pangarep Pangreksa Abrit, ing ndhuwur [[Tiananmen]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/victim_ebook_070505.pdf|title=Victim of the Cultural Revolution——An Investigative Account of Persecution, Imprisonment and Murder|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|publisher=|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012075659/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/victim_ebook_070505.pdf|archive-date=2016-10-12}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://mjlsh.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/Book.aspx?cid=4&tid=2464|title=文革时期北京大兴县大屠杀调查|last=Yu|first=Luowen|website=[[Chinese University of Hong Kong]]|publisher=[[Lecture Room]]|language=zh|trans-title=An investigation of the Daxing Massacre in Beijing during the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609003835/http://mjlsh.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/Book.aspx?cid=4&tid=2464|archive-date=2019-06-09|access-date=2019-12-10|quote=婴儿往往是被劈成两半。有的孩子被孤零零地留在家里，打手们到各家搜，见到小孩就扔到门口的马车上，多数孩子被活活摔死了。死人都被埋在村北边的苇塘里，后来人们管那里叫“万人坑”。有的小孩没被摔死，从“万人坑”里还想往外爬，打手们上去就是一铁锹，再把他打回去。}}</ref> Tumindak iki marakaké elunan (''gelombang'') paripeksa lan pepati gora ing kutha dening Pangreksa Abrit sing uga miwiti kampanye kanggo ngajuraké “[[Sekawan Barang Lami]]”. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&q=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august&pg=PA237|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2006-07-17|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6491-7|pages=xxi (Chronology)|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi|access-date=2020-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611201605/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA237&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august|archive-date=2020-06-11}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":111">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-08-25|website=[[Sciences Po]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410202455/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|archive-date=2023-04-10|access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref> Pepati sing tumindak dening Pangreksa Abrit iki uga madampak ing sawetara dhistrik désa ing Beijing, kaya ing prastawa [[Pepati Gora Daxing]], sing niwasaké 325 wong saka 27 Agustus nganti 1 Sèptèmber ing [[Dhistrik Daxing]]. <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|date=2014-12-07|title=A Massacre in Daxing County During the Cultural Revolution|journal=Chinese Law & Government|language=en|volume=14|issue=3|pages=70–71|doi=10.2753/CLG0009-4609140370}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9NQCgAAQBAJ&q=Daxing+Massacre&pg=PA86|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2015-07-23|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-5172-4|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi}}</ref> <ref name=":22">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/07/18/a-nightmare-leaves-scars-questions/05791e4e-e4a4-49b8-b235-c440f51783c0/|title=A NIGHTMARE LEAVES SCARS, QUESTIONS|last=Southerl|first=Daniel|date=1994-07-18|work=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224105059/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/07/18/a-nightmare-leaves-scars-questions/05791e4e-e4a4-49b8-b235-c440f51783c0/|archive-date=2019-12-24|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Sauntara kuwi, sawetara wong, kaya juru tulis kondhang [[Lao She]], [[Zhou Zuoren]], lan [[Chen Mengjia]], manta nglalu utawa ngupaya nglalu sawisé diréyoh. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":7" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/rct/pdf/e_outputs/b10/v10p005.pdf|title=Death and the Nobel-On Lao She's "Suicide"|last=Brady|first=Paul|date=1974|website=Chinese University of Hong Kong|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227054417/http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/rct/pdf/e_outputs/b10/v10p005.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.pku.edu.cn/news_events/news/campus/1605.html|title=PKU Today in History - May 6: Passing of Zhou Zuoren|website=[[Peking University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430015643/https://english.pku.edu.cn/news_events/news/campus/1605.html|archive-date=2024-04-30|access-date=2024-05-09}}</ref> Salawas pepati gora, Mao Zedong kanthi terang-terangan nentang cawé-cawéning pangrèh tumrap ebahan (''gerakan'') mahasiswa lan [[Xie Fuzhi]], Mentri ing [[Kanayakan Karaharjan Rakyat (Tingkok)|Kanayakan Karaharjan Rakyat]] angrèh pulisi lan berbadan karaharjan rakyat kanggo ora nyekel para Pangreksa Abrit nanging malah ngamping-ampingi. <ref name=":111" /> <ref name=":33">{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_65.htm|title=Talk At The Work Conference Of The Centre|last=Mao|first=Zedong|date=1966-08-23|website=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715142628/https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_65.htm|archive-date=2018-07-15}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/detail_2012_09/01/17271511_0.shtml?_from_ralated|title=血统论和大兴"八三一"事件|last=Sun|first=Yancheng|date=2012|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[Yanhuang Chunqiu]]|language=zh|trans-title=Bloodline theory and the Daxing Massacre|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210045134/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/detail_2012_09/01/17271511_0.shtml?_from_ralated|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/shendu/nfzm/detail_2014_03/14/34768339_0.shtml|title=王晶垚: "我，没有忘记历史"|last=Feng|first=Xiang|date=2014|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[Southern Weekly]]|language=zh|trans-title=Wang Jingyao: I, have not forgotten history|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210045143/http://news.ifeng.com/shendu/nfzm/detail_2014_03/14/34768339_0.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/200912/1214_6858_1473893.shtml|title=对红卫兵组织失去信任 毛泽东决定下放知青始末|date=2009-12-14|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[People's Daily|People's Net]]|language=zh|trans-title=Losing faith in the Red Guards organizations, Mao Zedong decided to "[[Down to the Countryside Movement|send the youths to the countryside]]"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527233055/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/200912/1214_6858_1473893.shtml|archive-date=2015-05-27|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> Nanging kahanan wiwit ora karuan ing pungkasan Agustus 1966, meksa [[Panitya Punjer Partè Kumunis Tiongkok]] lan pangrèh Tiongkok cawé-cawé sing marakaké alon-alon pepati gora mandheg. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK06/cr340.gb.html|title=《亲历重庆大武斗》序|last=Wang|first=Nianyi|date=2006-06-13|website=China News Digest (华夏文摘)|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519123434/http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK06/cr340.gb.html|archive-date=2011-05-19|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> Agustus Abrit dianggep mula bukané Karèsan Abrit jroning Walyakrama Kabudayan Tiongkok.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref name=":111">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-08-25|website=[[Sciences Po]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410202455/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|archive-date=2023-04-10|access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref> <ref name=":34">{{Cite web|url=https://www.statesman.com/article/20120901/NEWS/309013925|title=Chinese haunted by bloody 'Red August'|last=Lasseter|first=Tom|website=[[Austin American-Statesman]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612062816/https://www.statesman.com/article/20120901/NEWS/309013925|archive-date=2020-06-12|access-date=2020-06-12}}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=diezDwAAQBAJ&q=%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E6%81%90%E6%80%96&pg=PR43|title=中外學者談文革|last=Xiong|first=Jingming|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Yu|first3=Guoliang|date=2018-06-15|publisher=[[The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press]]|isbn=978-988-17563-3-6|location=Hong Kong|pages=xliii (Introduction)|language=zh|trans-title=Scholars in and out of China talking about the Cultural Revolution|author-link2=Song Yongyi}}</ref> <ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/zhuanlan/xinlingzhilyu/wengebeiwanglu/m0816mind-08152013163142.html|title=47周年回放：再忆文革"八.一八"和 "红八月"|date=2013-08-15|website=[[Radio Free Asia]]|language=zh|trans-title=Forty-seventh anniversary: remembering the "August 18" and Red August of the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210060415/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/zhuanlan/xinlingzhilyu/wengebeiwanglu/m0816mind-08152013163142.html|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> Prastawa iki uga disandhing karo prastawa ''[[Kristallnact]]'' dening [[Jerman Nazi|Jérman Nazi]], ''<ref name=":30">{{Cite journal|last=Ma|first=Sheng-Mei|date=1987-01-01|title=Contrasting Two Survival Literatures: On the Jewish Holocaust and the Chinese Cultural Revolution|url=https://academic.oup.com/hgs/article/2/1/81/759930|journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=81–93|doi=10.1093/hgs/2.1.81|issn=8756-6583|url-access=subscription}}</ref>'' <ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/61964|title=红八月，血迹未乾|last=Jin|first=Zhong|date=27 August 2016|website=Independent Chinese PEN Center|language=zh|trans-title=Red August, the blood is still wet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210070701/https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/61964|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/zh/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B9%E8%8A%AC%E7%BB%8F%E5%8E%86%E7%9A%84818/a-15326044|title=王容芬经历的"8·18"|date=2011-08-19|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=zh|trans-title=Wang Rongfang's experience on "August 18"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210070728/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B9%E8%8A%AC%E7%BB%8F%E5%8E%86%E7%9A%84818/a-15326044|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":25">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mjlsh.org/book.aspx?cid=2&tid=2835&pid=7350|title=沉重的回忆（41）"文革"风暴到来的时候|last=Wang|first=Chuanye|website=[[Chinese University of Hong Kong]]|language=zh|trans-title=Heavy memories (41): when the storm of "Cultural Revolution" arrived|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324122118/http://www.mjlsh.org/book.aspx?cid=2&tid=2835&pid=7350|archive-date=2020-03-24|access-date=}}</ref> <ref name=":26">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxun.com/news/gb/z_special/2012/04/201204232254.shtml|title=也说"老红卫兵"|last=Xi|first=Ligong|date=2012|website=Boxun|publisher=[[Consensus (website)|Consensus Net]]|language=zh|trans-title=On the "Old" Red Guards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210072231/https://www.boxun.com/news/gb/z_special/2012/04/201204232254.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":27">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK12/cr696.gb.html|title=伫视王晶垚－宋彬彬对簿历史的公堂——《宋彬彬谈话纪要》的解读及其它（下）|last=Lang|first=Jun|date=2012|website=China News Digest (华夏文摘)|language=zh|trans-title=Looking at the court of history between Wang Jinyao and Song Binbin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211010715/http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK12/cr696.gb.html|archive-date=2019-12-11|access-date=}}</ref> lan [[Pepati Gora Nanjing]] dening [[Tentara Kamaharajan Jepang|tentara Jepang]] nalika Perang [[Tiongkok-Jepang Kapindho]]. <ref name=":25" /> <ref name=":26" /> <ref name=":27" /> <ref name=":29">{{Cite web|url=https://theinitium.com/article/20181213-notes-nanjing-massacre/|title=建構文化創傷——從南京大屠殺與「文革」說起|last=Luo Ri|first=Yu Deng|date=2018-12-13|website=[[Initium Media]]|trans-title=Constructing cultural tramas——beginning from the Nanjing Massacre and the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211010714/https://theinitium.com/article/20181213-notes-nanjing-massacre/|archive-date=2019-12-11|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":32">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/53378|title=谁敢把皇帝拉下马？----文革五十周年反思|last=Ma|first=Jian|date=2016|website=Independent Chinese PEN Center|language=zh|trans-title=Who dares to drag the Emperor down from the horse: reflection written on the fiftieth anniversary of the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628182031/https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/53378|archive-date=2020-06-28|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> [[Pisahé Tiongkok-Sovyèt]] ing 1960-an, marakaké [[Uni Sovyèt]] nyecampah lan mancahi kanthi sengit apa sing dilakoni Mao. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://china.usc.edu/pravda-anti-soviet-policy-communist-china-feb-16-1967|title=Pravda, The Anti-Soviet Policy of Communist China, Feb. 16, 1967|website=University of Southern California|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714074826/https://china.usc.edu/pravda-anti-soviet-policy-communist-china-feb-16-1967|archive-date=2024-07-14|access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=McGuire|first=Elizabeth|date=2001-05-01|title=China, the Fun House Mirror: Soviet Reactions to the Chinese Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fs1526m|journal=Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies|language=en}}</ref> Sawetara babaran ing USSR lan [[Blok Wètan]] uga nyandhing patemoné Mao lan Pangreksa Abrit ing Tiananmen kaya sesorahing [[Adolf Hitler]] marang panyengkuyungé. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/3334409.html|title=文革与苏联 红卫兵成贬义 毛形象恶劣|last=Bai|first=Hua|date=2016-05-18|website=[[Voice of America]]|language=zh|trans-title=Cultural Revolution and the Soviet Union: Red Guards' negative meaning and Mao's poor image|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130110228/https://www.voachinese.com/a/3334409.html|archive-date=2024-11-30|access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref> hze0jifjocnm905em45xpm0mih5h8c1 1752742 1752736 2026-08-17T05:12:06Z Auzif 50313 /* */ ngowahi tata aran 1752742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack|title=Agustus Abrit|image=File:Songbinbin2.jpg|caption=[[Song Binbin]] nali ban abang marang Kapala Chairman Mao Zedong ing Gapura Tiananmen, 1966. Ing 18 Agustus, 1966, [[Mao Zedong]] nemoni para mahasiswa [[Pangreksa Abrit]] ing [[Tiananmen]], marakaké elunan pepati gora ing [[Beijing]].|location=[[Beijing]], [[China]]|date=1966|partof=[[Walyakrama]] ing [[Tiongkok]]|native_name=红八月|time-begin=August|time-end=September 1966|target=Teachers, intellectuals, members of the "[[Five Black Categories]]" (Landlords, wealthy peasants, bad influences/elements and right wingers), local political leaders and perceived political enemies of [[Mao Zedong]]|type=[[Politicide]], politically motivated violence|fatalities=1,772–10,275 (deaths)<br>85,196 (families displaced)|victims=[[landlords]], property owners, political dissidents, “[[class enemies]]”|perpetrators=[[Chinese Communist Party]], [[Cultural Revolution Group]] ([[Chen Boda]], [[Jiang Qing]], [[Kang Sheng]], [[Yao Wenyuan]], [[Zhang Chunqiao]], [[Wang Li (politician)|Wang Li]], [[Xie Fuzhi]]) and student [[Red Guards]] incited by [[Mao Zedong]]|perpetrator=|motive=Destruction of the "[[Four Olds]] (Old cultures, old customs, old habits and ideas) and [[Five Black Categories]] (Landlords, wealthy peasants, bad influences/elements and “right wingers”)}} '''Agustus Abrit''' ([[Hanzi prasaja|aksara Tiongkok prasaja]]: 红八月; [[Aksara Cinten tradhisional|aksara Tiongkok kamanuhan]]: 紅八月; pinyin: Hóng Bāyuè) yaiku tetembungan kanggo aran titi mangsané [[paripeksa rajaniti]] (''kekerasan politik'') lan [[panjagalan]] (''pembantaian'') ing [[Beijing]] wiwit Agustus 1966, nalika [[Walyakrama Kabudayan]] (''Revolusi Kebudayaan''). <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/11/the-cultural-revolution-50-years-on-all-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-political-convulsion|title=The Cultural Revolution: all you need to know about China's political convulsion|last=Phillips|first=Tom|date=2016-05-11|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2019-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208010532/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/11/the-cultural-revolution-50-years-on-all-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-political-convulsion|archive-date=2019-12-08|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/13/china-communist-party-grandfather-survived-cultural-revolution-why-does-he-still-love-mao/|title=My Grandfather Survived China's Cultural Revolution. Why Does He Still Love Mao?|last=Dong|first=Yifu|date=13 September 2016|website=[[Foreign Policy]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224032702/https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/13/china-communist-party-grandfather-survived-cultural-revolution-why-does-he-still-love-mao/|archive-date=2019-12-24|access-date=2019-12-23}}</ref> Miturut babaran statistik resmi ing 1980 sabubaré Walyakrama Kabudayan, [[Pangreksa Abrit]] (''Red Guard'') ing Beijing maténi wong-wong kanthi gunggung 1.772 salawas Augustus Abrit, déné 33.695 omah dijarah, lan 85.196 kulawarga ditundhung. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&q=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august&pg=PA237|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2006-07-17|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6491-7|pages=xxi (Chronology)|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi|access-date=2020-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611201605/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA237&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august|archive-date=2020-06-11}}</ref> <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/cr/ZK11/cr651.gb.html|title=文革中"非正常死亡"了多少人？ ---- 读苏扬的《文革中中国农村的集体屠杀》|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-10-11|website=China News Digest|language=zh|trans-title=How many people "died unnaturally" during the Cultural Revolution?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417051307/http://www.cnd.org/cr/ZK11/cr651.gb.html|archive-date=2022-04-17|access-date=|quote=有关北京市文革的受害者人数，目下最流行的大都引用文革初期北京市公安局对“红色恐怖”中死亡数的统计：1,772 人。另有33,695户被抄家，85,196个家庭被驱逐出北京。其实，1985年11月5日北京市核查工作会议的工作报告“加强领导，再接再厉，全面做好二期整党的核查工作”有过新的调查和统计。其中死亡数为10,275 （增长率580%）；被抄家为92,000户 (增长率273%)，被驱逐出北京的家庭为125,000 (增长率147%) 。从官方矛盾的陈述中可以清楚地看到：公开的数字被大大地缩小了。}}</ref> Nanging miturut babaran statistik resmi ing Novèmber 1985, gunggungé korban tiwas ing Beijing ana 10.275 wong.<ref name=":8" /> <ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=http://beijingspring.com/bj2/2010/170/201332200545.htm|title=记下老红卫兵的血债|last=Peng|first=Xiaoming|date=2013-03-02|website=Beijing Spring (北京之春)|language=zh|trans-title=On the "bloody debt" of the "Old" Red Guards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509040853/http://beijingspring.com/bj2/2010/170/201332200545.htm|archive-date=2013-05-09|access-date=2019-12-10|quote=1966红八月打人死亡数为10,275人 ；被抄家为92,000户 ，被驱逐出北京的家庭为125,000户，《1985年11月5日北京市核查工作会议的工作报告“加强领导，再接再厉，全面做好二期整党的核查工作”》（《动向》2011年9月号）}}</ref> <ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.boxun.com/hero/201203/beijingzhoumoshihui/18_1.shtml|title=毛泽东大笑谈杀人|last=Sai|first=Hongqiu|website=Boxun|publisher=北京周末诗会|language=zh|trans-title=Mao Zedong talked about killing people with laughter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210052515/https://blog.boxun.com/hero/201203/beijingzhoumoshihui/18_1.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> Ing 18 Agustus 1966, Kapala [[Mao Zedong]] nemoni [[Song Binbin]], sawijiné pangarep Pangreksa Abrit, ing ndhuwur [[Tiananmen]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/victim_ebook_070505.pdf|title=Victim of the Cultural Revolution——An Investigative Account of Persecution, Imprisonment and Murder|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|publisher=|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012075659/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/victim_ebook_070505.pdf|archive-date=2016-10-12}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://mjlsh.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/Book.aspx?cid=4&tid=2464|title=文革时期北京大兴县大屠杀调查|last=Yu|first=Luowen|website=[[Chinese University of Hong Kong]]|publisher=[[Lecture Room]]|language=zh|trans-title=An investigation of the Daxing Massacre in Beijing during the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609003835/http://mjlsh.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/Book.aspx?cid=4&tid=2464|archive-date=2019-06-09|access-date=2019-12-10|quote=婴儿往往是被劈成两半。有的孩子被孤零零地留在家里，打手们到各家搜，见到小孩就扔到门口的马车上，多数孩子被活活摔死了。死人都被埋在村北边的苇塘里，后来人们管那里叫“万人坑”。有的小孩没被摔死，从“万人坑”里还想往外爬，打手们上去就是一铁锹，再把他打回去。}}</ref> Tumindak iki marakaké elunan (''gelombang'') paripeksa lan panjagalan ing kutha dening Pangreksa Abrit sing uga miwiti kampanye kanggo ngajuraké “[[Sekawan Barang Lami]]”. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&q=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august&pg=PA237|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2006-07-17|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6491-7|pages=xxi (Chronology)|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi|access-date=2020-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611201605/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA237&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august|archive-date=2020-06-11}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":111">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-08-25|website=[[Sciences Po]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410202455/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|archive-date=2023-04-10|access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref> Pepati sing tumindak dening Pangreksa Abrit iki uga madampak ing sawetara dhistrik désa ing Beijing, kaya ing prastawa [[Pepati Gora Daxing]], sing niwasaké 325 wong saka 27 Agustus nganti 1 Sèptèmber ing [[Dhistrik Daxing]]. <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|date=2014-12-07|title=A Massacre in Daxing County During the Cultural Revolution|journal=Chinese Law & Government|language=en|volume=14|issue=3|pages=70–71|doi=10.2753/CLG0009-4609140370}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9NQCgAAQBAJ&q=Daxing+Massacre&pg=PA86|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2015-07-23|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-5172-4|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi}}</ref> <ref name=":22">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/07/18/a-nightmare-leaves-scars-questions/05791e4e-e4a4-49b8-b235-c440f51783c0/|title=A NIGHTMARE LEAVES SCARS, QUESTIONS|last=Southerl|first=Daniel|date=1994-07-18|work=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224105059/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/07/18/a-nightmare-leaves-scars-questions/05791e4e-e4a4-49b8-b235-c440f51783c0/|archive-date=2019-12-24|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Sauntara kuwi, sawetara wong, kaya juru tulis kondhang [[Lao She]], [[Zhou Zuoren]], lan [[Chen Mengjia]], manta nglalu utawa ngupaya nglalu sawisé diréyoh. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":7" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/rct/pdf/e_outputs/b10/v10p005.pdf|title=Death and the Nobel-On Lao She's "Suicide"|last=Brady|first=Paul|date=1974|website=Chinese University of Hong Kong|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227054417/http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/rct/pdf/e_outputs/b10/v10p005.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.pku.edu.cn/news_events/news/campus/1605.html|title=PKU Today in History - May 6: Passing of Zhou Zuoren|website=[[Peking University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430015643/https://english.pku.edu.cn/news_events/news/campus/1605.html|archive-date=2024-04-30|access-date=2024-05-09}}</ref> Salawas panjagalan, Mao Zedong kanthi terang-terangan nentang cawé-cawéning pangrèh tumrap ebahan (''gerakan'') mahasiswa lan [[Xie Fuzhi]], Mentri ing [[Kanayakan Karaharjan Rakyat (Tingkok)|Kanayakan Karaharjan Rakyat]] angrèh pulisi lan berbadan karaharjan rakyat kanggo ora nyekel para Pangreksa Abrit nanging malah ngamping-ampingi. <ref name=":111" /> <ref name=":33">{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_65.htm|title=Talk At The Work Conference Of The Centre|last=Mao|first=Zedong|date=1966-08-23|website=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715142628/https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_65.htm|archive-date=2018-07-15}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/detail_2012_09/01/17271511_0.shtml?_from_ralated|title=血统论和大兴"八三一"事件|last=Sun|first=Yancheng|date=2012|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[Yanhuang Chunqiu]]|language=zh|trans-title=Bloodline theory and the Daxing Massacre|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210045134/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/detail_2012_09/01/17271511_0.shtml?_from_ralated|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/shendu/nfzm/detail_2014_03/14/34768339_0.shtml|title=王晶垚: "我，没有忘记历史"|last=Feng|first=Xiang|date=2014|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[Southern Weekly]]|language=zh|trans-title=Wang Jingyao: I, have not forgotten history|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210045143/http://news.ifeng.com/shendu/nfzm/detail_2014_03/14/34768339_0.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/200912/1214_6858_1473893.shtml|title=对红卫兵组织失去信任 毛泽东决定下放知青始末|date=2009-12-14|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[People's Daily|People's Net]]|language=zh|trans-title=Losing faith in the Red Guards organizations, Mao Zedong decided to "[[Down to the Countryside Movement|send the youths to the countryside]]"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527233055/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/200912/1214_6858_1473893.shtml|archive-date=2015-05-27|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> Nanging kahanan wiwit ora karuan ing pungkasan Agustus 1966, meksa [[Panitya Punjer Partè Kumunis Tiongkok]] lan pangrèh Tiongkok cawé-cawé sing marakaké alon-alon pepati gora mandheg. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK06/cr340.gb.html|title=《亲历重庆大武斗》序|last=Wang|first=Nianyi|date=2006-06-13|website=China News Digest (华夏文摘)|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519123434/http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK06/cr340.gb.html|archive-date=2011-05-19|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> Agustus Abrit dianggep mula bukané Karèsan Abrit jroning Walyakrama Kabudayan Tiongkok.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref name=":111">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-08-25|website=[[Sciences Po]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410202455/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|archive-date=2023-04-10|access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref> <ref name=":34">{{Cite web|url=https://www.statesman.com/article/20120901/NEWS/309013925|title=Chinese haunted by bloody 'Red August'|last=Lasseter|first=Tom|website=[[Austin American-Statesman]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612062816/https://www.statesman.com/article/20120901/NEWS/309013925|archive-date=2020-06-12|access-date=2020-06-12}}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=diezDwAAQBAJ&q=%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E6%81%90%E6%80%96&pg=PR43|title=中外學者談文革|last=Xiong|first=Jingming|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Yu|first3=Guoliang|date=2018-06-15|publisher=[[The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press]]|isbn=978-988-17563-3-6|location=Hong Kong|pages=xliii (Introduction)|language=zh|trans-title=Scholars in and out of China talking about the Cultural Revolution|author-link2=Song Yongyi}}</ref> <ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/zhuanlan/xinlingzhilyu/wengebeiwanglu/m0816mind-08152013163142.html|title=47周年回放：再忆文革"八.一八"和 "红八月"|date=2013-08-15|website=[[Radio Free Asia]]|language=zh|trans-title=Forty-seventh anniversary: remembering the "August 18" and Red August of the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210060415/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/zhuanlan/xinlingzhilyu/wengebeiwanglu/m0816mind-08152013163142.html|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> Prastawa iki uga disandhing karo prastawa ''[[Kristallnact]]'' dening [[Jerman Nazi|Jérman Nazi]], ''<ref name=":30">{{Cite journal|last=Ma|first=Sheng-Mei|date=1987-01-01|title=Contrasting Two Survival Literatures: On the Jewish Holocaust and the Chinese Cultural Revolution|url=https://academic.oup.com/hgs/article/2/1/81/759930|journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=81–93|doi=10.1093/hgs/2.1.81|issn=8756-6583|url-access=subscription}}</ref>'' <ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/61964|title=红八月，血迹未乾|last=Jin|first=Zhong|date=27 August 2016|website=Independent Chinese PEN Center|language=zh|trans-title=Red August, the blood is still wet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210070701/https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/61964|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/zh/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B9%E8%8A%AC%E7%BB%8F%E5%8E%86%E7%9A%84818/a-15326044|title=王容芬经历的"8·18"|date=2011-08-19|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=zh|trans-title=Wang Rongfang's experience on "August 18"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210070728/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B9%E8%8A%AC%E7%BB%8F%E5%8E%86%E7%9A%84818/a-15326044|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":25">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mjlsh.org/book.aspx?cid=2&tid=2835&pid=7350|title=沉重的回忆（41）"文革"风暴到来的时候|last=Wang|first=Chuanye|website=[[Chinese University of Hong Kong]]|language=zh|trans-title=Heavy memories (41): when the storm of "Cultural Revolution" arrived|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324122118/http://www.mjlsh.org/book.aspx?cid=2&tid=2835&pid=7350|archive-date=2020-03-24|access-date=}}</ref> <ref name=":26">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxun.com/news/gb/z_special/2012/04/201204232254.shtml|title=也说"老红卫兵"|last=Xi|first=Ligong|date=2012|website=Boxun|publisher=[[Consensus (website)|Consensus Net]]|language=zh|trans-title=On the "Old" Red Guards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210072231/https://www.boxun.com/news/gb/z_special/2012/04/201204232254.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":27">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK12/cr696.gb.html|title=伫视王晶垚－宋彬彬对簿历史的公堂——《宋彬彬谈话纪要》的解读及其它（下）|last=Lang|first=Jun|date=2012|website=China News Digest (华夏文摘)|language=zh|trans-title=Looking at the court of history between Wang Jinyao and Song Binbin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211010715/http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK12/cr696.gb.html|archive-date=2019-12-11|access-date=}}</ref> lan [[Pepati Gora Nanjing]] dening [[Tentara Kamaharajan Jepang|tentara Jepang]] nalika Perang [[Tiongkok-Jepang Kapindho]]. <ref name=":25" /> <ref name=":26" /> <ref name=":27" /> <ref name=":29">{{Cite web|url=https://theinitium.com/article/20181213-notes-nanjing-massacre/|title=建構文化創傷——從南京大屠殺與「文革」說起|last=Luo Ri|first=Yu Deng|date=2018-12-13|website=[[Initium Media]]|trans-title=Constructing cultural tramas——beginning from the Nanjing Massacre and the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211010714/https://theinitium.com/article/20181213-notes-nanjing-massacre/|archive-date=2019-12-11|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":32">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/53378|title=谁敢把皇帝拉下马？----文革五十周年反思|last=Ma|first=Jian|date=2016|website=Independent Chinese PEN Center|language=zh|trans-title=Who dares to drag the Emperor down from the horse: reflection written on the fiftieth anniversary of the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628182031/https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/53378|archive-date=2020-06-28|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> [[Pisahé Tiongkok-Sovyèt]] ing 1960-an, marakaké [[Uni Sovyèt]] nyecampah lan mancahi kanthi sengit apa sing dilakoni Mao. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://china.usc.edu/pravda-anti-soviet-policy-communist-china-feb-16-1967|title=Pravda, The Anti-Soviet Policy of Communist China, Feb. 16, 1967|website=University of Southern California|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714074826/https://china.usc.edu/pravda-anti-soviet-policy-communist-china-feb-16-1967|archive-date=2024-07-14|access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=McGuire|first=Elizabeth|date=2001-05-01|title=China, the Fun House Mirror: Soviet Reactions to the Chinese Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fs1526m|journal=Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies|language=en}}</ref> Sawetara babaran ing USSR lan [[Blok Wètan]] uga nyandhing patemoné Mao lan Pangreksa Abrit ing Tiananmen kaya sesorahing [[Adolf Hitler]] marang panyengkuyungé. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/3334409.html|title=文革与苏联 红卫兵成贬义 毛形象恶劣|last=Bai|first=Hua|date=2016-05-18|website=[[Voice of America]]|language=zh|trans-title=Cultural Revolution and the Soviet Union: Red Guards' negative meaning and Mao's poor image|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130110228/https://www.voachinese.com/a/3334409.html|archive-date=2024-11-30|access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref> pso9ka48viopb5laf4p3u19xqp5yhk0 1752743 1752742 2026-08-17T05:14:46Z Auzif 50313 /* */ ngowahi tata aran 1752743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack|title=Agustus Abrit|image=File:Songbinbin2.jpg|caption=[[Song Binbin]] nali ban abang marang Kapala Chairman Mao Zedong ing Gapura Tiananmen, 1966. Ing 18 Agustus, 1966, [[Mao Zedong]] nemoni para mahasiswa [[Pangreksa Abrit]] ing [[Tiananmen]], marakaké elunan panjagalan ing [[Beijing]].|location=[[Beijing]], [[China]]|date=1966|partof=[[Walyakrama]] ing [[Tiongkok]]|native_name=红八月|time-begin=August|time-end=September 1966|target=Teachers, intellectuals, members of the "[[Five Black Categories]]" (Landlords, wealthy peasants, bad influences/elements and right wingers), local political leaders and perceived political enemies of [[Mao Zedong]]|type=[[Politicide]], politically motivated violence|fatalities=1,772–10,275 (deaths)<br>85,196 (families displaced)|victims=[[landlords]], property owners, political dissidents, “[[class enemies]]”|perpetrators=[[Chinese Communist Party]], [[Cultural Revolution Group]] ([[Chen Boda]], [[Jiang Qing]], [[Kang Sheng]], [[Yao Wenyuan]], [[Zhang Chunqiao]], [[Wang Li (politician)|Wang Li]], [[Xie Fuzhi]]) and student [[Red Guards]] incited by [[Mao Zedong]]|perpetrator=|motive=Destruction of the "[[Four Olds]] (Old cultures, old customs, old habits and ideas) and [[Five Black Categories]] (Landlords, wealthy peasants, bad influences/elements and “right wingers”)}} '''Agustus Abrit''' ([[Hanzi prasaja|aksara Tiongkok prasaja]]: 红八月; [[Aksara Cinten tradhisional|aksara Tiongkok kamanuhan]]: 紅八月; pinyin: Hóng Bāyuè) yaiku tetembungan kanggo aran titi mangsané [[paripeksa rajaniti]] (''kekerasan politik'') lan [[panjagalan]] (''pembantaian'') ing [[Beijing]] wiwit Agustus 1966, nalika [[Walyakrama Kabudayan]] (''Revolusi Kebudayaan''). <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/11/the-cultural-revolution-50-years-on-all-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-political-convulsion|title=The Cultural Revolution: all you need to know about China's political convulsion|last=Phillips|first=Tom|date=2016-05-11|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2019-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208010532/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/11/the-cultural-revolution-50-years-on-all-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-political-convulsion|archive-date=2019-12-08|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/13/china-communist-party-grandfather-survived-cultural-revolution-why-does-he-still-love-mao/|title=My Grandfather Survived China's Cultural Revolution. Why Does He Still Love Mao?|last=Dong|first=Yifu|date=13 September 2016|website=[[Foreign Policy]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224032702/https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/13/china-communist-party-grandfather-survived-cultural-revolution-why-does-he-still-love-mao/|archive-date=2019-12-24|access-date=2019-12-23}}</ref> Miturut babaran statistik resmi ing 1980 sabubaré Walyakrama Kabudayan, [[Pangreksa Abrit]] (''Red Guard'') ing Beijing maténi wong-wong kanthi gunggung 1.772 salawas Augustus Abrit, déné 33.695 omah dijarah, lan 85.196 kulawarga ditundhung. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&q=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august&pg=PA237|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2006-07-17|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6491-7|pages=xxi (Chronology)|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi|access-date=2020-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611201605/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA237&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august|archive-date=2020-06-11}}</ref> <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/cr/ZK11/cr651.gb.html|title=文革中"非正常死亡"了多少人？ ---- 读苏扬的《文革中中国农村的集体屠杀》|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-10-11|website=China News Digest|language=zh|trans-title=How many people "died unnaturally" during the Cultural Revolution?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417051307/http://www.cnd.org/cr/ZK11/cr651.gb.html|archive-date=2022-04-17|access-date=|quote=有关北京市文革的受害者人数，目下最流行的大都引用文革初期北京市公安局对“红色恐怖”中死亡数的统计：1,772 人。另有33,695户被抄家，85,196个家庭被驱逐出北京。其实，1985年11月5日北京市核查工作会议的工作报告“加强领导，再接再厉，全面做好二期整党的核查工作”有过新的调查和统计。其中死亡数为10,275 （增长率580%）；被抄家为92,000户 (增长率273%)，被驱逐出北京的家庭为125,000 (增长率147%) 。从官方矛盾的陈述中可以清楚地看到：公开的数字被大大地缩小了。}}</ref> Nanging miturut babaran statistik resmi ing Novèmber 1985, gunggungé korban tiwas ing Beijing ana 10.275 wong.<ref name=":8" /> <ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=http://beijingspring.com/bj2/2010/170/201332200545.htm|title=记下老红卫兵的血债|last=Peng|first=Xiaoming|date=2013-03-02|website=Beijing Spring (北京之春)|language=zh|trans-title=On the "bloody debt" of the "Old" Red Guards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509040853/http://beijingspring.com/bj2/2010/170/201332200545.htm|archive-date=2013-05-09|access-date=2019-12-10|quote=1966红八月打人死亡数为10,275人 ；被抄家为92,000户 ，被驱逐出北京的家庭为125,000户，《1985年11月5日北京市核查工作会议的工作报告“加强领导，再接再厉，全面做好二期整党的核查工作”》（《动向》2011年9月号）}}</ref> <ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.boxun.com/hero/201203/beijingzhoumoshihui/18_1.shtml|title=毛泽东大笑谈杀人|last=Sai|first=Hongqiu|website=Boxun|publisher=北京周末诗会|language=zh|trans-title=Mao Zedong talked about killing people with laughter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210052515/https://blog.boxun.com/hero/201203/beijingzhoumoshihui/18_1.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> Ing 18 Agustus 1966, Kapala [[Mao Zedong]] nemoni [[Song Binbin]], sawijiné pangarep Pangreksa Abrit, ing ndhuwur [[Tiananmen]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/victim_ebook_070505.pdf|title=Victim of the Cultural Revolution——An Investigative Account of Persecution, Imprisonment and Murder|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|publisher=|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012075659/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/victim_ebook_070505.pdf|archive-date=2016-10-12}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://mjlsh.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/Book.aspx?cid=4&tid=2464|title=文革时期北京大兴县大屠杀调查|last=Yu|first=Luowen|website=[[Chinese University of Hong Kong]]|publisher=[[Lecture Room]]|language=zh|trans-title=An investigation of the Daxing Massacre in Beijing during the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609003835/http://mjlsh.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/Book.aspx?cid=4&tid=2464|archive-date=2019-06-09|access-date=2019-12-10|quote=婴儿往往是被劈成两半。有的孩子被孤零零地留在家里，打手们到各家搜，见到小孩就扔到门口的马车上，多数孩子被活活摔死了。死人都被埋在村北边的苇塘里，后来人们管那里叫“万人坑”。有的小孩没被摔死，从“万人坑”里还想往外爬，打手们上去就是一铁锹，再把他打回去。}}</ref> Tumindak iki marakaké elunan (''gelombang'') paripeksa lan panjagalan ing kutha dening Pangreksa Abrit sing uga miwiti kampanye kanggo ngajuraké “[[Sekawan Barang Lami]]”. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&q=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august&pg=PA237|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2006-07-17|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6491-7|pages=xxi (Chronology)|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi|access-date=2020-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611201605/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA237&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august|archive-date=2020-06-11}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":111">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-08-25|website=[[Sciences Po]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410202455/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|archive-date=2023-04-10|access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref> Pepati sing tumindak dening Pangreksa Abrit iki uga madampak ing sawetara dhistrik désa ing Beijing, kaya ing prastawa [[Panjagalan Daxing]], sing niwasaké 325 wong saka 27 Agustus nganti 1 Sèptèmber ing [[Dhistrik Daxing]]. <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|date=2014-12-07|title=A Massacre in Daxing County During the Cultural Revolution|journal=Chinese Law & Government|language=en|volume=14|issue=3|pages=70–71|doi=10.2753/CLG0009-4609140370}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9NQCgAAQBAJ&q=Daxing+Massacre&pg=PA86|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2015-07-23|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-5172-4|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi}}</ref> <ref name=":22">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/07/18/a-nightmare-leaves-scars-questions/05791e4e-e4a4-49b8-b235-c440f51783c0/|title=A NIGHTMARE LEAVES SCARS, QUESTIONS|last=Southerl|first=Daniel|date=1994-07-18|work=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224105059/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/07/18/a-nightmare-leaves-scars-questions/05791e4e-e4a4-49b8-b235-c440f51783c0/|archive-date=2019-12-24|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Sauntara kuwi, sawetara wong, kaya juru tulis kondhang [[Lao She]], [[Zhou Zuoren]], lan [[Chen Mengjia]], manta nglalu utawa ngupaya nglalu sawisé diréyoh. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":7" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/rct/pdf/e_outputs/b10/v10p005.pdf|title=Death and the Nobel-On Lao She's "Suicide"|last=Brady|first=Paul|date=1974|website=Chinese University of Hong Kong|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227054417/http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/rct/pdf/e_outputs/b10/v10p005.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.pku.edu.cn/news_events/news/campus/1605.html|title=PKU Today in History - May 6: Passing of Zhou Zuoren|website=[[Peking University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430015643/https://english.pku.edu.cn/news_events/news/campus/1605.html|archive-date=2024-04-30|access-date=2024-05-09}}</ref> Salawas panjagalan, Mao Zedong kanthi terang-terangan nentang cawé-cawéning pangrèh tumrap ebahan (''gerakan'') mahasiswa lan [[Xie Fuzhi]], Mentri ing [[Kanayakan Karaharjan Rakyat (Tingkok)|Kanayakan Karaharjan Rakyat]] angrèh pulisi lan berbadan karaharjan rakyat kanggo ora nyekel para Pangreksa Abrit nanging malah ngamping-ampingi. <ref name=":111" /> <ref name=":33">{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_65.htm|title=Talk At The Work Conference Of The Centre|last=Mao|first=Zedong|date=1966-08-23|website=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715142628/https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_65.htm|archive-date=2018-07-15}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/detail_2012_09/01/17271511_0.shtml?_from_ralated|title=血统论和大兴"八三一"事件|last=Sun|first=Yancheng|date=2012|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[Yanhuang Chunqiu]]|language=zh|trans-title=Bloodline theory and the Daxing Massacre|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210045134/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/detail_2012_09/01/17271511_0.shtml?_from_ralated|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/shendu/nfzm/detail_2014_03/14/34768339_0.shtml|title=王晶垚: "我，没有忘记历史"|last=Feng|first=Xiang|date=2014|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[Southern Weekly]]|language=zh|trans-title=Wang Jingyao: I, have not forgotten history|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210045143/http://news.ifeng.com/shendu/nfzm/detail_2014_03/14/34768339_0.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/200912/1214_6858_1473893.shtml|title=对红卫兵组织失去信任 毛泽东决定下放知青始末|date=2009-12-14|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[People's Daily|People's Net]]|language=zh|trans-title=Losing faith in the Red Guards organizations, Mao Zedong decided to "[[Down to the Countryside Movement|send the youths to the countryside]]"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527233055/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/200912/1214_6858_1473893.shtml|archive-date=2015-05-27|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> Nanging kahanan wiwit ora karuan ing pungkasan Agustus 1966, meksa [[Panitya Punjer Partè Kumunis Tiongkok]] lan pangrèh Tiongkok cawé-cawé sing marakaké alon-alon panjagalan mandheg. <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK06/cr340.gb.html|title=《亲历重庆大武斗》序|last=Wang|first=Nianyi|date=2006-06-13|website=China News Digest (华夏文摘)|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519123434/http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK06/cr340.gb.html|archive-date=2011-05-19|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> Agustus Abrit dianggep mula bukané Karèsan Abrit jroning Walyakrama Kabudayan Tiongkok.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref name=":111">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-08-25|website=[[Sciences Po]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410202455/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|archive-date=2023-04-10|access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref> <ref name=":34">{{Cite web|url=https://www.statesman.com/article/20120901/NEWS/309013925|title=Chinese haunted by bloody 'Red August'|last=Lasseter|first=Tom|website=[[Austin American-Statesman]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612062816/https://www.statesman.com/article/20120901/NEWS/309013925|archive-date=2020-06-12|access-date=2020-06-12}}</ref> <ref name=":12">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=diezDwAAQBAJ&q=%E7%BA%A2%E8%89%B2%E6%81%90%E6%80%96&pg=PR43|title=中外學者談文革|last=Xiong|first=Jingming|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Yu|first3=Guoliang|date=2018-06-15|publisher=[[The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press]]|isbn=978-988-17563-3-6|location=Hong Kong|pages=xliii (Introduction)|language=zh|trans-title=Scholars in and out of China talking about the Cultural Revolution|author-link2=Song Yongyi}}</ref> <ref name=":14">{{Cite web|url=https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/zhuanlan/xinlingzhilyu/wengebeiwanglu/m0816mind-08152013163142.html|title=47周年回放：再忆文革"八.一八"和 "红八月"|date=2013-08-15|website=[[Radio Free Asia]]|language=zh|trans-title=Forty-seventh anniversary: remembering the "August 18" and Red August of the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210060415/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/zhuanlan/xinlingzhilyu/wengebeiwanglu/m0816mind-08152013163142.html|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> Prastawa iki uga disandhing karo prastawa ''[[Kristallnact]]'' dening [[Jerman Nazi|Jérman Nazi]], ''<ref name=":30">{{Cite journal|last=Ma|first=Sheng-Mei|date=1987-01-01|title=Contrasting Two Survival Literatures: On the Jewish Holocaust and the Chinese Cultural Revolution|url=https://academic.oup.com/hgs/article/2/1/81/759930|journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=81–93|doi=10.1093/hgs/2.1.81|issn=8756-6583|url-access=subscription}}</ref>'' <ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/61964|title=红八月，血迹未乾|last=Jin|first=Zhong|date=27 August 2016|website=Independent Chinese PEN Center|language=zh|trans-title=Red August, the blood is still wet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210070701/https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/61964|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/zh/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B9%E8%8A%AC%E7%BB%8F%E5%8E%86%E7%9A%84818/a-15326044|title=王容芬经历的"8·18"|date=2011-08-19|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=zh|trans-title=Wang Rongfang's experience on "August 18"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210070728/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B9%E8%8A%AC%E7%BB%8F%E5%8E%86%E7%9A%84818/a-15326044|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":25">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mjlsh.org/book.aspx?cid=2&tid=2835&pid=7350|title=沉重的回忆（41）"文革"风暴到来的时候|last=Wang|first=Chuanye|website=[[Chinese University of Hong Kong]]|language=zh|trans-title=Heavy memories (41): when the storm of "Cultural Revolution" arrived|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324122118/http://www.mjlsh.org/book.aspx?cid=2&tid=2835&pid=7350|archive-date=2020-03-24|access-date=}}</ref> <ref name=":26">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxun.com/news/gb/z_special/2012/04/201204232254.shtml|title=也说"老红卫兵"|last=Xi|first=Ligong|date=2012|website=Boxun|publisher=[[Consensus (website)|Consensus Net]]|language=zh|trans-title=On the "Old" Red Guards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210072231/https://www.boxun.com/news/gb/z_special/2012/04/201204232254.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":27">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK12/cr696.gb.html|title=伫视王晶垚－宋彬彬对簿历史的公堂——《宋彬彬谈话纪要》的解读及其它（下）|last=Lang|first=Jun|date=2012|website=China News Digest (华夏文摘)|language=zh|trans-title=Looking at the court of history between Wang Jinyao and Song Binbin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211010715/http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK12/cr696.gb.html|archive-date=2019-12-11|access-date=}}</ref> lan [[Pepati Gora Nanjing]] dening [[Tentara Kamaharajan Jepang|tentara Jepang]] nalika Perang [[Tiongkok-Jepang Kapindho]]. <ref name=":25" /> <ref name=":26" /> <ref name=":27" /> <ref name=":29">{{Cite web|url=https://theinitium.com/article/20181213-notes-nanjing-massacre/|title=建構文化創傷——從南京大屠殺與「文革」說起|last=Luo Ri|first=Yu Deng|date=2018-12-13|website=[[Initium Media]]|trans-title=Constructing cultural tramas——beginning from the Nanjing Massacre and the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211010714/https://theinitium.com/article/20181213-notes-nanjing-massacre/|archive-date=2019-12-11|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":32">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/53378|title=谁敢把皇帝拉下马？----文革五十周年反思|last=Ma|first=Jian|date=2016|website=Independent Chinese PEN Center|language=zh|trans-title=Who dares to drag the Emperor down from the horse: reflection written on the fiftieth anniversary of the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628182031/https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/53378|archive-date=2020-06-28|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> [[Pisahé Tiongkok-Sovyèt]] ing 1960-an, marakaké [[Uni Sovyèt]] nyecampah lan mancahi kanthi sengit apa sing dilakoni Mao. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://china.usc.edu/pravda-anti-soviet-policy-communist-china-feb-16-1967|title=Pravda, The Anti-Soviet Policy of Communist China, Feb. 16, 1967|website=University of Southern California|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714074826/https://china.usc.edu/pravda-anti-soviet-policy-communist-china-feb-16-1967|archive-date=2024-07-14|access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=McGuire|first=Elizabeth|date=2001-05-01|title=China, the Fun House Mirror: Soviet Reactions to the Chinese Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fs1526m|journal=Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies|language=en}}</ref> Sawetara babaran ing USSR lan [[Blok Wètan]] uga nyandhing patemoné Mao lan Pangreksa Abrit ing Tiananmen kaya sesorahing [[Adolf Hitler]] marang panyengkuyungé. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/3334409.html|title=文革与苏联 红卫兵成贬义 毛形象恶劣|last=Bai|first=Hua|date=2016-05-18|website=[[Voice of America]]|language=zh|trans-title=Cultural Revolution and the Soviet Union: Red Guards' negative meaning and Mao's poor image|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130110228/https://www.voachinese.com/a/3334409.html|archive-date=2024-11-30|access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref> a5hoqwb2z5cnb9g0z7gp5bjr0lmfrdn 1752744 1752743 2026-08-17T05:15:44Z Auzif 50313 /* */ ngowahi tata aran 1752744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack|title=Agustus Abrit|image=File:Songbinbin2.jpg|caption=[[Song Binbin]] nali ban abang marang Kapala Chairman Mao Zedong ing Gapura Tiananmen, 1966. Ing 18 Agustus, 1966, [[Mao Zedong]] nemoni para mahasiswa [[Pangreksa Abrit]] ing [[Tiananmen]], marakaké elunan panjagalan ing [[Beijing]].|location=[[Beijing]], [[China]]|date=1966|partof=[[Walyakrama]] ing [[Tiongkok]]|native_name=红八月|time-begin=August|time-end=September 1966|target=Teachers, intellectuals, members of the "[[Five Black Categories]]" (Landlords, wealthy peasants, bad influences/elements and right wingers), local political leaders and perceived political enemies of [[Mao Zedong]]|type=[[Politicide]], politically motivated violence|fatalities=1,772–10,275 (deaths)<br>85,196 (families displaced)|victims=[[landlords]], property owners, political dissidents, “[[class enemies]]”|perpetrators=[[Chinese Communist Party]], [[Cultural Revolution Group]] ([[Chen Boda]], [[Jiang Qing]], [[Kang Sheng]], [[Yao Wenyuan]], [[Zhang Chunqiao]], [[Wang Li (politician)|Wang Li]], [[Xie Fuzhi]]) and student [[Red Guards]] incited by [[Mao Zedong]]|perpetrator=|motive=Destruction of the "[[Four Olds]] (Old cultures, old customs, old habits and ideas) and [[Five Black Categories]] (Landlords, wealthy peasants, bad influences/elements and “right wingers”)}} '''Agustus Abrit''' ([[Hanzi prasaja|aksara Tiongkok prasaja]]: 红八月; [[Aksara Cinten tradhisional|aksara Tiongkok kamanuhan]]: 紅八月; pinyin: Hóng Bāyuè) yaiku tetembungan kanggo aran titi mangsané [[paripeksa rajaniti]] (''kekerasan politik'') lan [[panjagalan]] (''pembantaian'') ing [[Beijing]] wiwit Agustus 1966, nalika [[Walyakrama Kabudayan]] (''Revolusi Kebudayaan''). <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/11/the-cultural-revolution-50-years-on-all-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-political-convulsion|title=The Cultural Revolution: all you need to know about China's political convulsion|last=Phillips|first=Tom|date=2016-05-11|work=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=2019-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208010532/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/may/11/the-cultural-revolution-50-years-on-all-you-need-to-know-about-chinas-political-convulsion|archive-date=2019-12-08|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/13/china-communist-party-grandfather-survived-cultural-revolution-why-does-he-still-love-mao/|title=My Grandfather Survived China's Cultural Revolution. Why Does He Still Love Mao?|last=Dong|first=Yifu|date=13 September 2016|website=[[Foreign Policy]]|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224032702/https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/09/13/china-communist-party-grandfather-survived-cultural-revolution-why-does-he-still-love-mao/|archive-date=2019-12-24|access-date=2019-12-23}}</ref> Miturut babaran statistik resmi ing 1980 sabubaré Walyakrama Kabudayan, [[Pangreksa Abrit]] (''Red Guard'') ing Beijing maténi wong-wong kanthi gunggung 1.772 salawas Augustus Abrit, déné 33.695 omah dijarah, lan 85.196 kulawarga ditundhung. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&q=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august&pg=PA237|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2006-07-17|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6491-7|pages=xxi (Chronology)|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi|access-date=2020-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611201605/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA237&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august|archive-date=2020-06-11}}</ref> <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/cr/ZK11/cr651.gb.html|title=文革中"非正常死亡"了多少人？ ---- 读苏扬的《文革中中国农村的集体屠杀》|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-10-11|website=China News Digest|language=zh|trans-title=How many people "died unnaturally" during the Cultural Revolution?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417051307/http://www.cnd.org/cr/ZK11/cr651.gb.html|archive-date=2022-04-17|access-date=|quote=有关北京市文革的受害者人数，目下最流行的大都引用文革初期北京市公安局对“红色恐怖”中死亡数的统计：1,772 人。另有33,695户被抄家，85,196个家庭被驱逐出北京。其实，1985年11月5日北京市核查工作会议的工作报告“加强领导，再接再厉，全面做好二期整党的核查工作”有过新的调查和统计。其中死亡数为10,275 （增长率580%）；被抄家为92,000户 (增长率273%)，被驱逐出北京的家庭为125,000 (增长率147%) 。从官方矛盾的陈述中可以清楚地看到：公开的数字被大大地缩小了。}}</ref> Nanging miturut babaran statistik resmi ing Novèmber 1985, gunggungé korban tiwas ing Beijing ana 10.275 wong.<ref name=":8" /> <ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=http://beijingspring.com/bj2/2010/170/201332200545.htm|title=记下老红卫兵的血债|last=Peng|first=Xiaoming|date=2013-03-02|website=Beijing Spring (北京之春)|language=zh|trans-title=On the "bloody debt" of the "Old" Red Guards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509040853/http://beijingspring.com/bj2/2010/170/201332200545.htm|archive-date=2013-05-09|access-date=2019-12-10|quote=1966红八月打人死亡数为10,275人 ；被抄家为92,000户 ，被驱逐出北京的家庭为125,000户，《1985年11月5日北京市核查工作会议的工作报告“加强领导，再接再厉，全面做好二期整党的核查工作”》（《动向》2011年9月号）}}</ref> <ref name=":13">{{Cite web|url=https://blog.boxun.com/hero/201203/beijingzhoumoshihui/18_1.shtml|title=毛泽东大笑谈杀人|last=Sai|first=Hongqiu|website=Boxun|publisher=北京周末诗会|language=zh|trans-title=Mao Zedong talked about killing people with laughter|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210052515/https://blog.boxun.com/hero/201203/beijingzhoumoshihui/18_1.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> Ing 18 Agustus 1966, Kapala [[Mao Zedong]] nemoni [[Song Binbin]], sawijiné pangarep Pangreksa Abrit, ing ndhuwur [[Tiananmen]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/victim_ebook_070505.pdf|title=Victim of the Cultural Revolution——An Investigative Account of Persecution, Imprisonment and Murder|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|publisher=|language=zh|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012075659/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/victim_ebook_070505.pdf|archive-date=2016-10-12}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://mjlsh.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/Book.aspx?cid=4&tid=2464|title=文革时期北京大兴县大屠杀调查|last=Yu|first=Luowen|website=[[Chinese University of Hong Kong]]|publisher=[[Lecture Room]]|language=zh|trans-title=An investigation of the Daxing Massacre in Beijing during the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609003835/http://mjlsh.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/Book.aspx?cid=4&tid=2464|archive-date=2019-06-09|access-date=2019-12-10|quote=婴儿往往是被劈成两半。有的孩子被孤零零地留在家里，打手们到各家搜，见到小孩就扔到门口的马车上，多数孩子被活活摔死了。死人都被埋在村北边的苇塘里，后来人们管那里叫“万人坑”。有的小孩没被摔死，从“万人坑”里还想往外爬，打手们上去就是一铁锹，再把他打回去。}}</ref> Tumindak iki marakaké elunan (''gelombang'') paripeksa lan panjagalan ing kutha dening Pangreksa Abrit sing uga miwiti kampanye kanggo ngajuraké “[[Sekawan Barang Lami]]”. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|title=Student Attacks Against Teachers: The Revolution of 1966|last=Wang|first=Youqin|authorlink=Wang Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&q=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august&pg=PA237|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2006-07-17|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-6491-7|pages=xxi (Chronology)|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi|access-date=2020-07-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611201605/https://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA237&dq=Historical+Dictionary+of+the+Chinese+Cultural+Revolution+red+august|archive-date=2020-06-11}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":111">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-08-25|website=[[Sciences Po]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410202455/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|archive-date=2023-04-10|access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref> Pepati sing tumindak dening Pangreksa Abrit iki uga madampak ing sawetara dhistrik désa ing Beijing, kaya ing prastawa [[Panjagalan Daxing]], sing niwasaké 325 wong saka 27 Agustus nganti 1 Sèptèmber ing [[Dhistrik Daxing]]. <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|date=2014-12-07|title=A Massacre in Daxing County During the Cultural Revolution|journal=Chinese Law & Government|language=en|volume=14|issue=3|pages=70–71|doi=10.2753/CLG0009-4609140370}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9NQCgAAQBAJ&q=Daxing+Massacre&pg=PA86|title=Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Cultural Revolution|last=Jian|first=Guo|last2=Song|first2=Yongyi|last3=Zhou|first3=Yuan|date=2015-07-23|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|isbn=978-1-4422-5172-4|language=en|author-link2=Song Yongyi}}</ref> <ref name=":22">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/07/18/a-nightmare-leaves-scars-questions/05791e4e-e4a4-49b8-b235-c440f51783c0/|title=A NIGHTMARE LEAVES SCARS, QUESTIONS|last=Southerl|first=Daniel|date=1994-07-18|work=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191224105059/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/07/18/a-nightmare-leaves-scars-questions/05791e4e-e4a4-49b8-b235-c440f51783c0/|archive-date=2019-12-24|language=en-US|issn=0190-8286}}</ref> Sauntara kuwi, sawetara wong, kaya juru tulis kondhang [[Lao She]], [[Zhou Zuoren]], lan [[Chen Mengjia]], manta nglalu utawa ngupaya nglalu sawisé diréyoh. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":7" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/rct/pdf/e_outputs/b10/v10p005.pdf|title=Death and the Nobel-On Lao She's "Suicide"|last=Brady|first=Paul|date=1974|website=Chinese University of Hong Kong|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227054417/http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/rct/pdf/e_outputs/b10/v10p005.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://english.pku.edu.cn/news_events/news/campus/1605.html|title=PKU Today in History - May 6: Passing of Zhou Zuoren|website=[[Peking University]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240430015643/https://english.pku.edu.cn/news_events/news/campus/1605.html|archive-date=2024-04-30|access-date=2024-05-09}}</ref> Salawas panjagalan, Mao Zedong kanthi terang-terangan nentang cawé-cawéning pangrèh tumrap ebahan (''gerakan'') mahasiswa lan [[Xie Fuzhi]], Mentri ing [[Kanayakan Karaharjan Rakyat (Tingkok)|Kanayakan Karaharjan Rakyat]] angrèh pulisi lan berbadan karaharjan rakyat kanggo ora nyekel para Pangreksa Abrit nanging malah ngamping-ampingi. <ref name=":111" /> <ref name=":33">{{Cite web|url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_65.htm|title=Talk At The Work Conference Of The Centre|last=Mao|first=Zedong|date=1966-08-23|website=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180715142628/https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-9/mswv9_65.htm|archive-date=2018-07-15}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/detail_2012_09/01/17271511_0.shtml?_from_ralated|title=血统论和大兴"八三一"事件|last=Sun|first=Yancheng|date=2012|website=[[Phoenix Television|Phoenix New Media]]|publisher=[[Yanhuang Chunqiu]]|language=zh|trans-title=Bloodline theory and the Daxing Massacre|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210045134/http://news.ifeng.com/history/zhiqing/ziliao/detail_2012_09/01/17271511_0.shtml?_from_ralated|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite 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Youqin|date=2001|website=[[The University of Chicago]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417112031/http://ywang.uchicago.edu/history/docs/2001_03_05.pdf|archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> <ref name=":111">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|title=Chronology of Mass Killings during the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966–1976)|last=Song|first=Yongyi|authorlink=Song Yongyi|date=2011-08-25|website=[[Sciences Po]]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410202455/https://www.sciencespo.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/chronology-mass-killings-during-chinese-cultural-revolution-1966-1976|archive-date=2023-04-10|access-date=2019-11-30}}</ref> <ref name=":34">{{Cite web|url=https://www.statesman.com/article/20120901/NEWS/309013925|title=Chinese haunted by bloody 'Red August'|last=Lasseter|first=Tom|website=[[Austin 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Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210060415/https://www.rfa.org/mandarin/zhuanlan/xinlingzhilyu/wengebeiwanglu/m0816mind-08152013163142.html|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=}}</ref> Prastawa iki uga disandhing karo prastawa ''[[Kristallnact]]'' dening [[Jerman Nazi|Jérman Nazi]], ''<ref name=":30">{{Cite journal|last=Ma|first=Sheng-Mei|date=1987-01-01|title=Contrasting Two Survival Literatures: On the Jewish Holocaust and the Chinese Cultural Revolution|url=https://academic.oup.com/hgs/article/2/1/81/759930|journal=Holocaust and Genocide Studies|language=en|volume=2|issue=1|pages=81–93|doi=10.1093/hgs/2.1.81|issn=8756-6583|url-access=subscription}}</ref>'' <ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/61964|title=红八月，血迹未乾|last=Jin|first=Zhong|date=27 August 2016|website=Independent Chinese PEN Center|language=zh|trans-title=Red August, the blood is still wet|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210070701/https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/61964|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":24">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/zh/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B9%E8%8A%AC%E7%BB%8F%E5%8E%86%E7%9A%84818/a-15326044|title=王容芬经历的"8·18"|date=2011-08-19|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=zh|trans-title=Wang Rongfang's experience on "August 18"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210070728/https://www.dw.com/zh/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%B9%E8%8A%AC%E7%BB%8F%E5%8E%86%E7%9A%84818/a-15326044|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":25">{{Cite web|url=http://www.mjlsh.org/book.aspx?cid=2&tid=2835&pid=7350|title=沉重的回忆（41）"文革"风暴到来的时候|last=Wang|first=Chuanye|website=[[Chinese University of Hong Kong]]|language=zh|trans-title=Heavy memories (41): when the storm of "Cultural Revolution" arrived|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324122118/http://www.mjlsh.org/book.aspx?cid=2&tid=2835&pid=7350|archive-date=2020-03-24|access-date=}}</ref> <ref name=":26">{{Cite web|url=https://www.boxun.com/news/gb/z_special/2012/04/201204232254.shtml|title=也说"老红卫兵"|last=Xi|first=Ligong|date=2012|website=Boxun|publisher=[[Consensus (website)|Consensus Net]]|language=zh|trans-title=On the "Old" Red Guards|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210072231/https://www.boxun.com/news/gb/z_special/2012/04/201204232254.shtml|archive-date=2019-12-10|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":27">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK12/cr696.gb.html|title=伫视王晶垚－宋彬彬对簿历史的公堂——《宋彬彬谈话纪要》的解读及其它（下）|last=Lang|first=Jun|date=2012|website=China News Digest (华夏文摘)|language=zh|trans-title=Looking at the court of history between Wang Jinyao and Song Binbin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211010715/http://www.cnd.org/CR/ZK12/cr696.gb.html|archive-date=2019-12-11|access-date=}}</ref> lan [[Panjagalan Nanjing]] dening [[Tentara Kamaharajan Jepang|tentara Jepang]] nalika Perang [[Tiongkok-Jepang Kapindho]]. <ref name=":25" /> <ref name=":26" /> <ref name=":27" /> <ref name=":29">{{Cite web|url=https://theinitium.com/article/20181213-notes-nanjing-massacre/|title=建構文化創傷——從南京大屠殺與「文革」說起|last=Luo Ri|first=Yu Deng|date=2018-12-13|website=[[Initium Media]]|trans-title=Constructing cultural tramas——beginning from the Nanjing Massacre and the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211010714/https://theinitium.com/article/20181213-notes-nanjing-massacre/|archive-date=2019-12-11|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> <ref name=":32">{{Cite web|url=https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/53378|title=谁敢把皇帝拉下马？----文革五十周年反思|last=Ma|first=Jian|date=2016|website=Independent Chinese PEN Center|language=zh|trans-title=Who dares to drag the Emperor down from the horse: reflection written on the fiftieth anniversary of the Cultural Revolution|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628182031/https://www.chinesepen.org/blog/archives/53378|archive-date=2020-06-28|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> [[Pisahé Tiongkok-Sovyèt]] ing 1960-an, marakaké [[Uni Sovyèt]] nyecampah lan mancahi kanthi sengit apa sing dilakoni Mao. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://china.usc.edu/pravda-anti-soviet-policy-communist-china-feb-16-1967|title=Pravda, The Anti-Soviet Policy of Communist China, Feb. 16, 1967|website=University of Southern California|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240714074826/https://china.usc.edu/pravda-anti-soviet-policy-communist-china-feb-16-1967|archive-date=2024-07-14|access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|last=McGuire|first=Elizabeth|date=2001-05-01|title=China, the Fun House Mirror: Soviet Reactions to the Chinese Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0fs1526m|journal=Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies|language=en}}</ref> Sawetara babaran ing USSR lan [[Blok Wètan]] uga nyandhing patemoné Mao lan Pangreksa Abrit ing Tiananmen kaya sesorahing [[Adolf Hitler]] marang panyengkuyungé. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/3334409.html|title=文革与苏联 红卫兵成贬义 毛形象恶劣|last=Bai|first=Hua|date=2016-05-18|website=[[Voice of America]]|language=zh|trans-title=Cultural Revolution and the Soviet Union: Red Guards' negative meaning and Mao's poor image|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130110228/https://www.voachinese.com/a/3334409.html|archive-date=2024-11-30|access-date=2024-12-29}}</ref> pn8nire2kxg36bvbwcwmp91kvgl1v3r 0 200750 1752745 2026-08-17T06:32:21Z Meursault2004 3 Rintisan saka [[:en:Gatot Abdullah Mansyur|]] 1752745 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gatot Abdullah Mansyur''' (lair 2 Juli 1956) iku dhiplomat Indonésia sing ditepungi olèhé tau dadi Duta Agung ing Arab Saudi Arab saka taun 2010 nganti 2013 lan minangka pesirah Badan Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia kanggo sawatara sasi ing taun 2014. [[Kategori:Lair 1956]] [[Kategori:Wong urip]] ey13ryoz1wj3tthnffosk65mqoovmad