Bgayet

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    <title>Bgayet</title>
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      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]])  [[File:Arabslavers.jpg]] → [[File:A long line of men are marching with their hands thrust thro Wellcome V0041263.jpg]] better image</comment>
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      <text bytes="71882" sha1="a5lbb6ddofopefcygycravl6qpxfzvk" xml:space="preserve">[[Tugna:Port Bejaia - panoramio.jpg|vignette|309x309px|Tamuɣli n Bgayet seg [[Ilel Agrakal|Yilel Agrakal -]]  Adrar n Yema Guraya deg deffir.|alt=Tamuɣli n Bgayet seg Yilel Agrakal - Adrar n Yema Guraya deg deffir.]]
{{Infobox Tamnaḍt
|isem=Bgayet
|tamurt=Tamurt n Leqbayel
|tamanaɣt=Taɣiwant n Bgayet
|isem adigan=Bgayet/Bgayet
|takarḍa=Kabylie Bejaia.png
|lqedd takarḍa=300
|azday takarḍa=Temnaḍt n Bgayet deg Tamurt n Leqbayel|imezdaɣ=177,988 (2008)|taneẓẓi=1,480.5 imezdaɣen/km²
|tutlayin=Taqbaylit, Tafransist, Taɛrabt|tajumma=120,22 km²

}}

'''Bgayet''' neɣ Vgayet  ('''ⴲⴳⴰⵢⴻⵝ''' s Tifnaɣ) d tamdint akk d asagan meqqren deg Yilel Agrakal akk d tamaneɣt n tamnaḍt n Bgayet deg  [[tmurt n leqbayel]]. Tamdint n Bgayet tesɛa azal n 177, 988&lt;ref&gt;« [http://www.ons.dz/collections/w06_p2.pdf Wilaya de Béjaïa : répartition de la population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs, selon la commune de résidence et la dispersion] » [PDF]. Données du recensement général de la population et de l'habitat de 2008 sur le site de l'ONS.&lt;/ref&gt; n imezdaɣ.  Tamnaḍt n Bgayet tesɛa azal n amelyun n yimezdaɣ  (2008)&lt;ref&gt;« [http://www.ons.dz/collections/pop1_national.pdf Population résidente des ménages ordinaires et collectifs selon la wilaya de résidence et le sexe et le taux d’accroissement annuel moyen (1998-2008)] ». &lt;/ref&gt;. 

== '''Aẓar n yisem n Bgayet''' ==
Bgayet d isem amaziɣ—i yellan deg tazwara d Tabgayet, maca asekkil n “t” amezwaru n yisem-is d-yettakken azref n tmeṭṭut  yeɣli-d deg useqdec acḥal aya —yekka-d seg wawalen iqburen tabegga neɣ tabeɣayt, s unamek n atrar n &quot;imudaɣ d [[tizwal]] n tẓegwa&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Haddadou, Mohand Akli (2012). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8kiwnQEACAAJ Dictionnaire toponymique et historique de l'Algérie: comportant les principales localités, ainsi qu'un glossaire des mots arabes et berbères entrant dans la composition des noms de lieux]  pp. 193–194 (s tefransist). Tizi Wezzu: Achab. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-9947-972-25-0&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;. Isem n Bgayet yesεa ihi yiwen n uẓar amaziɣ deg tazwara am yismawen niḍen n temdinin n [[Tafriqt Ugafa|Tamezɣa]] am Thugga d [[Baja]] deg [[Tunes]] neɣ Begay (Baghaï, s tarbt &quot;بغاي&quot;) deg [[Awras|Wawras]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Deg tutlayin i d-yekkan srid seg tlatinit taɣerfant n tallit talemmast—xemsa-nni n tutlayin i yettmeslayen s waṭas, d taspenyult, tapurtugit, tafṛansist, taṭelyanit, tarumaniyt— Bugaya (seg taɛrabt بجاية; s tespenyulit Bujía d s taṭelyanit Bugía&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;&quot;[http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/bougie Bougie: Définition de Bougie]&quot;. cnrtl.fr (s tefransist). Yettwaṭṭef deg 12 fuṛar 2017.
&lt;/ref&gt; ) d isem i d-yettunefken i temdint-a imi deg tallit-nni tessawaḍ-d ɣer Tuṛuft aṭas n ccmeɛ n tizizwa i usnulfu n teftilin&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://stella.atilf.fr/Dendien/scripts/tlfiv5/visusel.exe?11;s=4194639330;r=1;nat=;sol=0; BOUGIE, subst. fém]&quot;. Trésor de la langue française informatisé (s tefransist). Yettwaṭṭef deg 26 yulyu 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;. Dɣa, isem-nni yuɣal Bougie s tefransist. S tikelt ɣer tayed, deg tallit n tlemmas, isem-nni yewweḍ ad d-yerzu ɣer i usnulfu n teftilin di Turuf; seg imir-n, s umata, teftilin ttwasemman s tefransist s wawal &quot;bougie&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;. Aya daɣen i d yerran wawal n “bougeoir”, d win ay d-yesskanayen ticemmaɛin s ufus ɣezzifen i sseqdacen ineɣmasen akatuliken d iserdasen imeqranen.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/dictionary/index.cfm?id=32252 Dictionary : BUGIA]&quot;. www.catholicculture.org. Yettwaṭṭef deg 3 yennayer 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
== '''Tarakalt''' ==
Temding n Bgayet tella deg ugafa n tamnaḍt n Bgayet, ɣef  tafsirt [[ilel Agrakal|agrakal]] dɣa tettwazger sɣur [[Asif asemmam]], taɣiwant n Bgayet tella deg iri n ilel Agrakal deg ugafa d ugmuḍ dɣa tennuled tiɣiwanin n [[Tuǧa]] deg ugmuḍ, n [[Asif n Ɣir]] deg wenẓul dɣa [[Buxlifa]] d [[Tala Ḥemza]] deg wenẓul-agmuḍ.
[[Tugna:Cap_carbon_Béjaia.jpg|alt=Cap Carbon|vignette|304x304px|Cap Carbon]]

=== '''Amkan''' ===
Tilin n Bgayet teqqen ɣer i wasagan-is i tt-yerran d tamerkantit seg tazwara-s. Tettiki deg yiwen n ukalil ''(aḥric amecṭuḥ n waman i d-yeffɣen seg uḥric ameqqran)'' i yesɛan ṣṣenf n tmeẓdit, yerna yettwaḥrez seg tmeẓdit n waḍu n yilel ''(i d-yettmuqulen ɣer ugafa-utrim)'' s uḥric n Cape Carbon ''(ɣer utaram n temdint)''. Bgayet tettwaḍmen s udrar n Yemma Guraya i d-yezgan deg umalu n ugafa-utrim. Tamuɣli seg usagan-is, d yiwet seg timuɣliwin icebḥen akk n rrifan n ilellen n Tmezɣa akk d n Yilel Agrakal, imi tesɛa idurar n [[Ibaburen|ibabuṛen]] icebḥen deffir-s. Lfayda niḍen i tesɛa temdint-a imi tella d amkan anda i d-teffeɣ teẓgi n [[Asif asemmam|Wasif Asemmam]]; d agnir yesɛan azal n wagama akk d azal adamsan i d-yettmuqulen ɣer wenẓul-asamer. Maca, seg wasmi i d-teqqel tamdint d tamanaɣt, yella-d umgired gar temdint d timnaḍin niḍen n [[Tamurt n Leqbayel|Tmurt n Yiẓwawen]] ɣef ssebba n wugur n usenqed n temnaḍin i yellan deffir n temdint. 
[[Tugna:Yemma gouraya National Park.jpg|vignette|Urti Aɣelnaw n Guraya|210x210px|alt=Urti Aɣelnaw n Guraya]]
Deg wayen yeɛnan tadamsa-ines d temnaḍin-nniḍen n Tmurt n Yiẓwawen, Bgayet tettak-d aɛrur-is i timnaḍin: amkan-is deg taggara n Wasif Asemmam yerra-tt d assaɣ gar Tamurt Yiẓwawen Tameqrant d Tamurt Yiẓwawen Tamecṭuḥt. Maca sin-a ttwaqqnent ɣef yiman-nsent yerna ttnadint ɣef tmaneɣin n daxel n tmurt (Tizi Wezzu, Aqbu, [[Xerraṭa]], atg.) s tuɣalin-nsen ɣer lebεid n rrif n yilel. Bgayet tesɛa, seg yiwet n tama, iẓuran idiganen ixuṣṣen; llan kan rebεa neɣ xemsa n tɣiwanin i d-iqerben ɣer-s. Deg uswir aɣelnaw, Bgayet d tuffɣa n Lezzayer talemmast, seg Lezzayer ar Skikda, d abrid n tuffɣa n temnaḍin n yidurar, d usagen n lqut d lqeḍyan n azal n sin imelyan n yimdanen. Maca tuqqna-a d tin i yuεren: ɣer wenẓul-asamer, tanezzut d [[Sṭif]] teţţili kan s yiɣeẓran n Xerraṭa. Abrid-nniḍen yettawi-d abrid n Wasif Asemmam, syin ɣer usammar n tiwwura n wuzzal d usali ɣer tama n [[Burǧ Buɛririǧ]]; abrid-a i d-yettawi ubrid aɣelnaw d ubrid n tmacint. Uguren-a sskanayen belli, ɣas akken tesɛa leqdic ijehden, tamdint n Bgayet tettwali amur seg tnezzut yettwasseqdac akken ilaq deg temnaḍin-nnes n usamer d utaram aydeg tesɛa tazmert.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Cote, M.  (1 yebrir 1991). [https://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/1507 Encyclopédie berbère] (s tefransist). Aix-en-Provence: Éditions Peeters. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2-85744-509-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 21 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Tugna:Béjaia - le pic des singes بجاية - قمة القردة 06.jpg|vignette|Ixef n yiddawen ''(neɣ Ixef n ibkan, Pic des Singes)''|alt=Ixef n yiddawen (neɣ Ixef n ibkan, Pic des Singes)]]Taɣiwant-a tettmuqul-itt-id adrar n Yemma Gouraya. Imḍiqen niḍen n icebḥen i d-iqerben ɣer-s, d taftist n Zigwat d Ixef n yiddawen ''(neɣ Ixef n ibkan, Pic des Singes)''; amḍiq-a aneggaru d umṭiq n tmeddurt n Ibkan n Tamez''ɣa'' i yellan deg ubrid n nnger, i yesɛan zik, qbel amezruy, tamnaḍt meqqren aṭas ugar n tin n  wass-a.&lt;ref&gt;Taub, David Milton (3 yunyu 1978). &quot;[https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/F79AB3DD50D2FC8FE82CA5E4F41D1166/S0030605300015581a.pdf/the-barbary-macaque-in-north-africa.pdf The Barbary Macaque in North Africa]&quot; (PDF) (s teglizit. &quot;Iddew amaziɣ deg Tefriqt n Ugafa&quot; s taqbaylit). Oryx. 14 (3): 245–253. doi:10.1017/S0030605300015581. Yettwaṭṭef deg 19 yulyu 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Kraḍ-a n yimukan i n d-nebder llan deg Urti Aɣelnaw n Guraya.

Tamnaḍt n temdint tesɛa azal n 12,022 n yihektar. Bgayet tezga-d 220 km ɣer usammar n temdint n [[Lezzayer (tamanaɣt)|Lezzayer tamanaɣt]], 93 km ɣer usammar n [[Tizi Wezzu]], 81.5 km ɣer ugafa-ataram n [[Burǧ Buɛririǧ]], 70 km ɣer ugafa-ataram n [[Sṭif]] d 61 km ɣer ataram n [[Jijel]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.apcbejaia.org/index.php/fr/features-4/portfolio/grid-three-column-2 L'Historique de la Commune] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609181235/http://apcbejaia.org/index.php/fr/features-4/portfolio/grid-three-column-2 |date=2017-06-09 }}&quot;. apcbejaia.org (s tefransist: Amezruy n tɣiwant). Yettwaṭṭef deg 27 Yunyu 2017., s tmuɣli n yisefka seg yiwen n uḍris seg « Répertoire Partiel des Biens Culturels Immobiliers de la Wilaya de Béjaïa » ''(Uḍris aḥric n tɣawsiwin n yidles n l wilaya n Bgayet)'' ay d-tessuffeɣ Tanemhla n yidles d tzuri n l wilaya n Bgayet .&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Iɣersiwen d yimɣan ===
[[Tugna:Les Aiguades.jpg|vignette|Amḍiq yettwaḥerzen n Zigwat, deg Ugemmaḍ Urti Aɣelnaw n Guraya.|alt=Amḍiq yettwaḥerzen n Zigwat, deg Ugemmaḍ Urti Aɣelnaw n Guraya.]]
Taɣrem n Bgayet d aḥric seg rrif n yilel n [[Tamurt n Leqbayel|Tmurt n Yiẓwawen]], i d-yettkemmilen arma d [[Jijel]], d amkan agmaw i d-yessewhamen. Deg ugafa n temdint, Urti Aɣelnaw n Guraya d tamnaḍt n tlisa yettwaḥerzen&lt;ref&gt;(s teglizit) UNESCO, « Gouraya », deg unesco.org, maɣres 2010. (Yettwaẓer deg 21 ɣuct 2012).&lt;/ref&gt; , akk d Ugemmaḍ Aɣelnaw n Taza&lt;ref&gt;Ali Loukkas (conception) ''&lt;abbr&gt;et al.&lt;/abbr&gt;'', , Théniet El Had, Parc national de Théniet El Had, 2006, 92 &lt;abbr&gt;p.&lt;/abbr&gt; &lt;small&gt;([http://www.fichier-pdf.fr/2010/12/19/atlas-des-parcs-nationaux/atlas-des-parcs-nationaux.pdf asebter n uskan] [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fichier-pdf.fr%2F2010%2F12%2F19%2Fatlas-des-parcs-nationaux%2Fatlas-des-parcs-nationaux.pdf archive]]&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; i d-yezgan 60 km ɣer umalu n Bgayet, i d-yettwasbedden sɣur UNESCO gar &quot;imukan n tmusni i usnerni aɣelnaw deg umaḍal&quot;; timnaḍin i yesɛan iswi n tmusni i usnerni aɣelnaw.&lt;ref&gt;« Le programme MAB » UNESCO (yettwaẓer deg 21 ɣuct 2012).&lt;/ref&gt;

Urti n Guraya yemgarad ɣef wurtiyen niḍen n yilel agrakal imi deg-s llan yiɣersiwen am win n [[Ayefki n teɣyult|uyefki n taγyult]], d ṣṣenf i yellan deg ubrid n nnger deg yilel agrakal, d tiɣbula n yiɣersiwen anda ttɣimin [[Tasaft yizem|tasaft]] akk d [[Aẓebbuj|uẓebbuj]], [[tayda]] (''Pinus halepensis''), [[taqqa]] (''Juniperus''), d [[taseṭṭa n meryem]] (''Artemisia absinthium'') &lt;ref&gt;ASAL 2006, [http://www.asal.dz/files/atlas/Parcs%20nationaux1.pdf asebter n asuffeɣ] 1(s tefransist), asebter wis 16.&lt;/ref&gt;. Deg urti n Taza, [[tucet]] (''Quercus canariensis''), [[afernan]] (''Quercus suber''), d [[Tucet|techt]] (''Quercus afares)'' d nutni i d leṣnaf imeqranen i d-yezgan alamma d Jijel.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[[:fr:Béjaïa#ASAL2006|ASAL 2006]], [http://www.asal.dz/files/atlas/Parcs%20nationaux2.pdf asebter n asuffeɣ 2] (s tefransist), asebter wis 21.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ma d [[Afernan|ufernan]], deg yiwet n tmurt i d-yettawin ugar n uzgen n wakal i d-yeṭṭef ṣṣenf-a deg teftist n wenẓul n Yilel Agrakal; Tamurt n Yiẓwawen akk d ugafa-agmuḍan n tmurt n Lezzayer d timnaḍin aydeg llant tẓegwa timeqranin akk n ufernan: ttnernint ɣef tlisa n yilel seg Lezzayer tamenaɣt arma d ntlisa n [[Tunes]]. Daɣen, seg teftist n yilel alamma d 1.200 m n wewrir.&lt;ref&gt;Rachid Safou, « [https://archive.today/20130629141322/http://www.kabyle.com/la-d%C3%A9gradation-des-for%C3%AAts-de-ch%C3%AAne-li%C3%A8ge-en-alg%C3%A9rie-16062-06032011.html La dégradation des forêts de chêne-liège en Algérie] », deg Archive.is, 6 meɣres 2011 (Yettwaẓer ass n 21 yulyu 2017.).&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Tugna:Macaque berbère Bejaia.JPG|vignette|[[Iddew amaziɣ]] deg Ugemmaḍ Urti Aɣelnaw n Guraya.|alt=Iddew amaziɣ deg Ugemmaḍ Urti Aɣelnaw n Guraya.|224x224px]]
Iɣersiwen n tmurt-a ttaken-d taseddarit i imsuṭṭaḍ am uccen (''Canis aureus), cebbirdu, ilef (Sus scrofa), d leṣnaf i yellan deg ubrid n nnger am [[abeṛṛay n tẓegwa]] (Felis silvestris “amcic n lexla”), aruy, iblinṣer, [[iddew amaziɣ]] (Macaca sylvanus) yiwen n ṣṣenf i yelan anagar deg [[Tafriqt Ugafa|Tefriqt Ugafa]]. [[Aridal|Arida]]'' (''Hyaena hyaena''), [[tadɣaɣat]], [[abareɣ azeggaɣ]] (&lt;dfn&gt;''Vulpes vulpes''&lt;/dfn&gt;), [[imerwel]] (''Lepus capensis''), akk d inisi n Lezzayer (''Atelerix algirus'') llan deg Urti n Taza d win n Guraya. Idurar i d-yezzin fell-asen llan deg-sen aṭas n ṣṣenf n yigḍaḍ gar-asen [[Ijider|igider]] (''Aquila fasciata'')'','' Ijider amejjuṭ (''Gyps fulvus''), tmila, iḥiqel, bururu (''Bubo bubo''), labaz ''iqesḥen? (Buteo rufinus)'', d [[taninna tamezdayt]] (''Falco tinnunculus)''&lt;ref&gt;[[:fr:Béjaïa#ASAL2006|ASAL 2006]], asebter n asuffeɣ [1] [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asal.dz%2Ffiles%2Fatlas%2FParcs%2520nationaux1.pdf archive]] asebter wis 14 d 16 d [[https://www.asal.dz/files/atlas/Parcs%20nationaux2.pdf 2]] [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asal.dz%2Ffiles%2Fatlas%2FParcs%2520nationaux2.pdf archive]] p. 21.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Ali Loukkas (conception) et al., Atlas des parcs nationaux algériens, Théniet El Had, Parc national de Théniet El Had, 2006, 92 p. (&lt;small&gt;[http://www.fichier-pdf.fr/2010/12/19/atlas-des-parcs-nationaux/atlas-des-parcs-nationaux.pdf asebter n asuffeɣ]&lt;/small&gt; [archive]) &lt;/ref&gt;. Iwriren n yidurar n Tmurt Yiẓwawen Tamecṭuḥt d axxam daɣen n [[taserẓut uzumba]] (''Sitta ledanti''), d ''yiwen n ṣṣenf n wagḍiḍ i yelan anagar deg'' temnaḍt-a i d-yettwasen anagar deg 1975 deg udrar n [[Adrar n Babuṛ|Babuṛ ameqran]].&lt;ref&gt;Laurence D., « [http://www.monde-berbere.net/nature1A1.htm La Sittelle kabyle (Sitta Ledanti) : l'oiseau rare] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080827205501/http://www.monde-berbere.net/nature1A1.htm |date=2008-08-27 }} [[https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.monde-berbere.net%2Fnature1A1.htm archive]] », sur Monde berbère, Association culturelle n'Imazighen, Bruxelles, 2005 (Yettwaẓer ass n 21 Ɣuct 2012).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
[[Tugna:Route Bejaia.jpg|vignette|Abrid i d-yezgan ɣef tlisa n Ugelmim n Bgayet zdat n Urti n  Aɣelnaw n Taza.|alt=Abrid i d-yezgan ɣef tlisa n Ugelmim n Bgayet zdat n Urti n Aɣelnaw n Taza.]]
Iɣersiwen d yimɣan n tamnaḍt-a d ayen yessewhamen imi aḥric n yilel n Guraya d amkan i deg zedɣen 4 n ccetlat yettwaḥerzen n imsuṭṭaḍ n yilel: [[aferrun]] (''Phocoena phocoena''), [[azyam]] (''Delphinus delphis''), addenfil (''Tursiops truncatus)'', agelmum ameqran (&lt;dfn&gt;''Physeter macrocephalus'') .&lt;/dfn&gt; Lqaεa n yilel n urtan deg-sen sḍis n yimeẓriyen yesɛan azal agraɣlan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

=== Anezwu d yiɣallen n waman ===
Tamdint n Bgayet d aḥric seg tamnaḍt n [[Asif asemmam|Wasif Asemmam]] anda i d-ttemlili akk waman n tmurt i d-yettasen seg idurar. Bgayet d Wasif Asemmam n wadda sɛan anezwu n Yilel Agrakal. S umata yetnewway lḥal s kra n ubeddel amecṭuḥ n teẓɣelt n lawan&lt;ref&gt;Zouggaghe; Mouni; Taffer (March 2014). &quot;[http://lab.univ-biskra.dz/Larhyss/images/pdf/JOURNALN%C2%B017/2.Zouggaghe-et-al_French.pdf Qualité biologique du réseau hydrographique du bassin versant de la Soummam. (Nord de l'Algérie)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006150045/http://lab.univ-biskra.dz/Larhyss/images/pdf/JOURNALN%C2%B017/2.Zouggaghe-et-al_French.pdf |date=2014-10-06 }}&quot; (PDF). Larhyss Journal (17): 21–33. ISSN 1112-3680.&lt;/ref&gt;. [[Taẓɣelt]], s umata ayen yellan d axfifan, s wazal amatu i yettbeddilen gar 11.1 °C deg tagrest arma d 24.5 °C deg unebdu. 

Nnig n Wasif Asemmam, i d-yettakken ayen ilaqen i takerza deg temnaḍin i d-yezzin i  temdint, Bgayet tezga-d deg tmurt n Yiẓwawen n yilel, yerna tesɛa aṭas n lehwa deg tmurt-is. TAzal n ugeffur deg tmennaḍt yezmer ad yili gar n 800 ar 1200 mm, maca kra n yiɣbula idiganen ttwasseqdacen s tɣawla ɣef ljal n uḥwaǧ ameqran&lt;ref&gt;Kheladi, Mokhtar (1 January 1993). [https://books.google.com/books?id=oGbaAAAAMAAJ Urbanisme et systèmes sociaux: la planification urbaine en Algérie] (s tefransist). Office des publications universitaires.&lt;/ref&gt;. Tamdint n Bgayet tettawi daɣen aman-is seg udrar yellan deffir-is akk d seg waṭas n yiɣbula niḍen, am win n Tuǧa ''(Toudja)'' i d-yeqqnen deg tallit taqburt s yiwen n uqedus ɣer temdint taqburt [[Saldae]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=YpBGAAAAMAAJ Annales algériennes de géographie] (s tefransist). Institut de géographie de l'Université d'Alger. 1966.&lt;/ref&gt;

== '''Issawaḍen iɣerfanen – tikeṛṛusin d timacinin''' ==
[[Tugna:Béjaïa arrière pays.png|vignette|Bgayet - Iberdan-is, tikeṛṛusin d timacinin|alt=Bgayet - Iberdan-is, tikeṛṛusin d timacinin]]
Tamdint n Bgayet tteqqen ɣer Lezzayer tamanaɣt, Tizi Wezzu, Tubiret, Sṭif, Jijel d waṭas n tmiwa Iẓwawen s yiwen n uẓeḍḍa n yiberdan. Tesɛa daɣen yiwet n teɣsert tagejdant n lkaṛat i d-yettawin ɣer temdinin n wenẓul azzayri, gar-asent [[Ḥasi Mesɛud|Ḥasi Mseɛud]], [[Wergla|Waregla]], Ɣerdaya, [[Leɣwaṭ|Lɣawat]], Dǧelfa d [[Busɛada]]'''.'''

Taɣiwant n Bgayet tettwaɛedda s waṭas n yiberdan iɣelnawen. Kra seg-sen tteddun deg yiɣeẓran d tizza i d-yellan d imukan n uɛeddi igamanen&lt;ref&gt;Cote, M. (1 April 1991). [https://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/1507 Encyclopédie berbère] (s tefransist). Aix-en-Provence: Éditions Peeters. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2-85744-509-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 21 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;: abrid aɣelnaw 9 (Abrid n [[Sṭif]]), i d-yettεeddin ɣef yiri n teftist, syin ɣef yiɣil n [[Xerraṭa]] ar Sṭif, akk d ubrid aɣelnaw 24 (Abrid n Bgayet), i d-yettεeddin ɣef yiɣil n Wasif Asemmam, [[Tubiret]], syin tamdint n Lezzayer ɣer umalu, neɣ [[Burǧ Buɛririǧ]] ɣer usammar. Llan daɣen iberdan nniḍen i d-ttɛeddayen ɣef isegraraben: abrid aɣelnaw wis 12 (abrid n [[Tizi Wezzu]]), yettɛedday ɣef teẓgi n [[Iɛekkuren]] d yidurar-is syin ɣer Ɛzazga, Tizi Wezzu ar [[Bumerdas]], akk d webrid aɣelnaw 75 (abrid n [[Tabatent]]), yettɛedday ɣef [[Iberbacen]] yidurar n Tamurt Yiẓwawen Tamecṭuḥt akken ad yaweḍ ɣer [[Sṭif]] u ad yeqqen ɣer durar ɛlayen ɣer [[Tabatent]]. Abrid aɣelnaw n trmurt n Lezzayer Asamer-Ataram&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://ana.org.dz/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=73&amp;Itemid=100 Pénétrante De Béjaia 1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202010402/http://ana.org.dz/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=73&amp;Itemid=100 |date=2017-02-02 }}&quot;. ana.org.dz (s tefransist). Yettwaṭṭef deg 21 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; (s taɛrabt: الطريق السيار شرق-غرب), umi qqaren daɣen Abrid aɣelnaw A1, i yekfa deg Ɣuct n 2023 deffir 17 n yiseggasen n lebni , ɣas akken yexḍa Tamurt n Yiẓwawen, yeqqen ɣer temdint n Bgayet s yiberdan niḍen.

Bgayet ɣur-s yiwet n teɣsert n tmacint, d taggara n temsirt Bnimenṣur-Bgayet, i d-yettwabnan deg useggas n 1889, yerna fell-as tetteddu yiwet n tmacint n i d-yesdukklen tiɣsar n temnaḍt-a: Bnimenṣur''',''' [[Tazmalt]]''',''' Allaɣen''',''' [[Aqbu]]''',''' Laɛzib Ben Crif, Iɣzer Ameqran''',''' Takrits''',''' [[Sidi Ɛic]], [[Ilmaten (Akeffadu)|Ilmaten]] d [[Leqṣer]]&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.radiogouraya.com/bejaia-un-nouvel-autorail-en-attendant-les-trains-marchandises Béjaia: un nouvel autorail en attendant les trains marchandises – Radio Gouraya]{{Assaɣ yerrẓen|date=October 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&quot;. radiogouraya.com (s tefransist). Yettwaṭṭef deg 4 yulyu 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;. Tuqqna-a gar-asent, deg Bnimenṣur, akk d yizirig n Lezzayer-Skikda, tettaǧǧa ad awḍen ɣer wakk aẓeḍḍa n yiberdan n tmacint n Lezzayer s tuqqniwin tusridin ɣer tmaneɣt tazzayrit, deg ataram, d Sṭif, deg anzul-asamar. Tella daɣen yiwet n tmacint tamnaḍant i d-yeqqnen s umata   [[Tugna:Vue panoramique de l'aérogare de Béjaïa.jpg|vignette|Tamuɣli n tewwurt n unafag [[Ɛebban Ṛemḍan]] n Bgayet.|alt=Tamuɣli n tewwurt n unafag Ɛebban Ṛemḍan n Bgayet.]]

Bgayet ɣer temnaḍin-is; tettwaseggem akken ad teldi usammar n tmennaḍt-a.  
[[Tugna:Vue aérienne de l'aéroport de Béjaïa (Algérie).jpg|alt=Tamuɣli seg yigenni n unafag Ɛebban Ṛemḍan n Bgayet|vignette|Tamuɣli seg yigenni n unafag [[Ɛebban Ṛemḍan]] n Bgayet]]
Bgayet tesɛa yiwen n unafag agraɣlan yezga-d 5 km ɣer wenẓul n temdint. Isem-is tikkelt tamezwarut &quot;Bgayet - Anafag n Asemmam&quot; gar n 1982 d 1999, semman-as s yisem n wasif n Summam i d-yettasen ɣer yilel agrakal deg tama n Bgayet. Yebda leqdic-is deg useggas n 1982 i leqdic aɣelnaw, deg 1993 i leqdic igraɣlanen. Deg 1999 yettwasemma &quot;Anafag n Begayet - Asemmam - [[Ɛebban Ṛemḍan]]&quot; deg 1999, d asmekti i uselmad n ṭṭraḍ azzayri i yesɛan amkan ameqqran deg umezruy n Ṭṭraḍ n Tlelli n Lezzayer. 

== '''Iḥricen n Bgayet''' ==
*Acercur
*Karaman
*Bab Lluz
*Ddar Nnaṣer
*P.K. 17
*Buxyama
*Iḥeddaden
*Targa Uzemmur
*Iɣil Uɛeẓẓug
*Bir Slam
*Iriyahen
*Amafag (Aérodrome)
*Bulimaṭ
*Asif n Saket
*Adrar Ufarnu
*Amṭiq n Tafat

== '''Tiɣiwanin n Bgayet''' ==
Llant 52 (sumset sin) n [[Tiɣiwanin n Bgayet|tɣiwanin n Bgayet]]

== '''Amezruy''' ==
=== Uqbel n umezruy ===
[[Tugna:Mechta el-Arbi.png|vignette|184x184px|Aɣrab n n Iberomaurus i d-yusan seg [[Qsenṭina]] ([[Lezzayer]])|alt=Aɣrab n n Iberomaurus i d-yusan seg Qsenṭina (Lezzayer)]]
Tilin n umdan tettwassekles deg yimukan yemgaraden n temdint. Taɣsert n yifri n '''AƐli Bacha''' tettwaḥseb d amkan aqbur akk n tnezduɣt azal n 40.000 arma d 20.000 n yiseggasen uqbel talalit n Lmasiḥ. Deg umḍiq n Zigwat, cci d tɣawsiwin i d-ufan ttmeslayen-d ɣef tallit n wazal n 10.000 n yiseggasen uqbel talalit n Lmasiḥ, dɣa d tallit n tamaynut n uẓru ''(Neolithik; seg tegrigit νέος néos &quot;aynum&quot; d λίθος líthos &quot;aẓru&quot;)''&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;&quot;[https://www.gehimab.org/depliants/depliants/Depliant%20Bejaia%20Ville%20d%27Histoire%20et%20de%20Savoir.pdf Béjaïa Ville d'Histoire et de savoir]&quot; (PDF). Adlis n tdukli Gehimab - Circonscription archéologique de Béjaïa (s tefransist). Gehimab - Laboratoire de Recherche Lamos Université de Béjaia. Yunyu 2002.&lt;/ref&gt;''.'' Tamnaḍt-a teččur daɣen aṭas n tɣawsiwin tisekniyin am yifri n Afalou anda i d-ufan kra seg yiḍrisen iqburen akk n yergazen imaynuten, yettwasnen s yimdanen n Afalu-Bu Rmel&lt;ref&gt;Chamla, M.-C.; Dastugue, J.; Hachi, S. (1 Wamber 1985). &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/880 Afalou-Bou-Rhummel]&quot;. Encyclopédie berbère (s tefransist) (2): 182–192. doi:[https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/880 10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.880]. ISSN 1015-7344. Yettwaṭṭef deg 15 Tubeṛ 2024..&lt;/ref&gt;, i d-yesseknen ɣef yidles i d-yesbedden ɣef leḥnana s tmeḍlant n yimdanen deg yifran iqedsen d useqdec n ufexxar n uzwaɣ i d-yellan seg 18,000 ar 11,000 uqbel talalit n Lmasiḥ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;Roubet, C.; Hachi, S. (30 dujamber 2010). &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/542 Mechta el-Arbi (Préhistoire)]&quot;. ''Encyclopédie berbère'' (s tefransist) (31): 4811–4814. doi:[[doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.542|10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.542]]. ISSN 1015-7344. Yettwaṭṭef deg 15 Tubeṛ 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; Tiɣawsiwin-a d wid yettwassnen deg wayen umi qqaren idles  n Iberomaurus&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== '''Seg tallit taqburt alamma d tallit tabizantit''' ==
''Ẓer daɣen: [[Saldae]]''

Bgayet tesɛa ayen i d-yeqqimen seg tallit n nnḥas&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;; ayen i d-yettwassen akk i d aẓekka aqbur amaziɣ, acku acḥal n wakud i yettwaḥseb d aẓekka afiniqi, maca deg tidet, maca deg tilawt meqqer aṭas ɣef tilin n ifiniqiyen deg [[Tafriqt Ugafa|Tefriqt Ugafa]], yerna ur yettwassen ara melmi i d-twabna&lt;ref&gt;Laporte, Jean-Pierre (2005). &quot;[https://www.academia.edu/30387621 Histoire et patrimoine antiques de Saldae (Bgayet, Bejaia, Bougie])&quot; (PDF). Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité, Actes du colloque: &quot;Le patrimoine culturel immatériel amazigh: Le processus d'inventaire&quot; (s tefransist). Yettwaṭṭef deg 15 Tubeṛ 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[Tugna:Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax, 1855 facsimile of 13th century copy of original Greek text.jpg|vignette|Tira umi semman Periplus n Pseudo-Scylax|alt=Tira umi semman Periplus n Pseudo-Scylax]]
Amḍiq-a d win yelhan imi yettwaḥudd ɣef waḍu n Cape Carbon, yerna iban belli aṭas n medden i d-zedɣen deg-s zik. Aḍris amezwaru n umezruy yeɣ amkan-a iban-d deg awines ''(lqern)'' wis 5 uqbel talalit n Lmasiḥ, tamnaḍt-a tella d aḥric seg tgelda n Numidya, deg tira umi semman Periplus n Pseudo-Scylax (d adlis agrigi aqbur i d-yettmeslayen ɣef webrid n ln yilel i d-yezzin i [[Ilel agrakal|Yilel Agrakal]] d Yilel Aberkan. Yezmer lḥal yettwaru deg tlemmast n awines wis 4 uqbel talalit n Lmasiḥ deg iseggasen n 330, yerna ahat yettwaru deg [[Atina|Athina]] neɣ yiri-s.). Nnig waya, ad naf daɣen tazmert tazrirt n [[Ifniqen]]: Imeggura-a llan ttinigen ɣef tlisa n Tefriqt n Ugafa akken ad snuzun yerna ad d-sbedden imukan n tnezzut  iwumi qqaren &quot;''emporioe''&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie ''Histoire de Bougie''] (s tefransist). Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;.

=== Ifniqen ===
[[Ifniqen]] llan uqbel kullec d agdud amzenzu. Ɣur-sen Bgayet tella d yiwen n umkan anda zemren ad zzenzen lqecc-nsen, ad myibdalen tiɣawsiwin d imezdaɣ n tmurt, akk d ubrid yelzzm-asen ad ɛeddin am wakken ad kemmlen ɣer leswaq n tmura-nniḍen, mazal yella armi d tura yiwen n lmersa afniqi deg &quot;Azraruḥ&quot; (yeqreb ɣer Wedrar Ufarnu).

=== Numidya ===
Deg wakud n [[Tageldit n Inumiden|Numidya]], Bgayet ur tesɛi ara azzal meqqṛen imi tella tebɛed aṭas ɣef tamanaɣt n Numidya [[Sirta]]

=== Ṛṛuman ===
[[Tugna:Mosaique d'Océan Béjaïa.jpg|vignette|Aẓru n tallit tarumanit, yettwabeggen i lɣaci deg tɣiwant n Bgayet|alt=Aẓru n tallit tarumanit, yettwabeggen i lɣaci deg tɣiwant n Bgayet]]
Lexsara n [[Yugerten]] deg tagrawla-s mgal Iṛumaniyen tbeddel Numidya ɣer yiwet n tgelda i d-yeqqnen ɣer [[Ruma n zik|Ṛuma]] ɣef wakk leqrar imeqranen; Augustus ''(Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus)'' yebḍa tamnaḍt-nni ɣer temnaḍin i d-yefkan Mauretania Caesariensis ''([[Muretanya|Muriṭanya]] n Qayṣ̣er; tamdint n Ilel neɣ Cherchell n wass-a).'' Ɣef wakken i d-yenna Plinus Aqbur ''(Gaius Plinius Secundus)'', [[Saldae]] ''(isem aqdim n temdint-a)'' tella d tahrest ni Iṛumaniyen i d-yettwabnan deg tallit n tmenɣiwin timezwura deg 33 qbel uqbel talalit n Lmasiḥ. Tmanya n yiseggasen sakkin, Augustus yerra tamnaḍt n temdint-a i ugellid n [[Tageldit n Inumiden|Numidya]] [[Yuba II]], d leɣrama n timnaḍin i d-yewṛet, maca ur s-d-yețțunefk ara zik. 
[[Tugna:Julius Caesar MET 267729.jpg|alt=Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus|vignette|175x175px|Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus]]
Augustus daɣen yesbed-d tadmint n Tubusuptus, i d-yezgan tura d yixerban n Tiklat deg kra n ikilumitren deg yiri n wasif n Nasava ([[Asif asemmam|Asif Asemmam]]) (tura deg tɣiwant n [[Leqṣer]] azal n 20 km ɣer umalu n Bgayet)

Tamdint n Saldae tesεa idles alatini, sakkin, tuɣal d tamasiḥit asmi i tuɣal Tgelda n Iṛumaniyen d tamasiḥit ula d nettat&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;. Iṛumaniyen sbedden-d aẓeḍḍa n waṭas n iqudas waman i d-yeqqlen ad ttwasqedcen acḥal n leqrun sakkin ula deg tallit n Ḥammadiyen. Aqadus n waman n [[Tuǧa]] yella-d deg tallit n tgelda n Antoninus Pius ''(Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius)''. Maca tamdint-a ur tessin ara azal n usnerni am Hippo Regius ([[Ɛennaba]]), i d-yesεan rrbeḥ ugar ddaw tallit n Ṛuma&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;. [[Tugna:Roman Empire Map.png|thumb|400px|alt=Takeṛḍa n tgelda n Rruman azal n 116 sdeffir talalit n Lmasiḥ.|Takeṛḍa n tgelda n [[Ruma n zik|iṛumaniyen]] azal n 116 sdeffir talalit n Lmasiḥ.]]Seg awines amezwaru, tagrawla n [[Takfarinas agellid|Takfar-ines]] teggar akk imezdaɣ n Numidya n temnaḍt-nni; Takfar-ines yewwi iɣzer n [[Asif asemmam|Asemmam]], yewwi Tiklat, yerna yewweḍ ar Saldae. Deg taggara, yettwaɣleb sɣur Aqunsul ''(aqunsul d amḍebber ameqran akk i yettwafernen deg Tegduda Taṛumanit seg azal n 509 arma d 27 uqbel talalit n Lmasiḥ)'' Publius Cornelius Dolabella&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;. Deg awines wis 4, deg idurar iqerben ɣer Saldae, Firmus ''(d ageldun amaziɣ d amasiḥi)'' yesnejmaɛ Tamawya n Imaziɣen n Wis Xemsa (''tamaway n xemsa n leɛṛa Imaziɣen n Ǧeṛǧer n tura)'' mgal Iṛumaniyen. Yusa-d ageldun Theodosius s yiɣallen seg Tuṛuft akken ad yesres tagrawla; yerbeḥ deg ṭṭraḍ, maca yesɛa uguren akken ad yeɣleb iɣallen n Firmus&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;.

=== Ivandalen ===
[[Tugna:0899 Tracht der Wandalische Krieger in Südpolen im 2. Jh. n. Chr.JPG|alt=Amedya n tmeṭṭut d wargaz ivandalen deg wenẓul n Pulunya deg lqern wis sin, Aẓawan n tmucuha n Kraków.|vignette|Amedya n tmeṭṭut d wargaz ivandalen deg wenẓul n Pulunya deg awines ''(lqern)'' wis sin, Aẓawan n tmucuha n Kraków.]]
Ivandalen, s nnuba-nsen, kecmen ɣer [[Tafriqt Ugafa|Tefriqt n Ugafa]] seg [[Spenyul]] deg useggas 429. S ufus n Gaisarīx, wwin-d ijenwiyen-nsen n wuzzal akk d times-nsen ɣer temdinin akk n rrif n ilel. Rran Saldae d tamaneɣt n uwanak-nsen amaynut armi i ṭṭfen Qerṭaj deg 439. 

=== Ibiẓanṭiyen ===
[[Tugna:Exarchate of Africa 600 AD.png|alt=Tafriqt n Ibizantiyen azal n 600|vignette|Tafriqt n [[Ibiẓanṭiyen|Ibizantiyen]] azal n 600]]
Imenɣiyen i d-yellan gar wid ay d-yesdukklen ddaw aselmed n Arius d wid d-yesdukklen ddaw n uselmed n teklizt tkatulikit, yeǧǧa-d akk tamnaḍt-nni tefcel; dɣa Ibiẓanṭiyen ufan-d dihin ssebba d tagnit akken ad d-rren afus. Tamdint n Saldae teɣli-d s ddaw n yiɣallen Ibiẓanṭiyen deg ṭṭrad-nsen mgal Ivandaliyen deg 533-534. Taḥeqranit-nni tameqqrant n Ibizantiniyen teǧǧa-d ula d nettat lebɣi n yimezdaɣ n temnaḍt akken ad d-sbedden tagrawla deg tallit-a armi d tazwara n Listiɛmar Aɛrab n Tefriqt n Ugafa&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; seg 647 armi 709 ; tallit tebda yiwen n yixef ɣezzifen n yimennuɣen.

== '''Listiɛmar Aɛrab''' ==
''Ẓer daɣen [[Tamurt n Leqbayel|Tamurt n Yiẓwawen]], [[Aksel (agellid)|Aksel]], d [[Dihya Tadmut]]''

Iserdasen Aɛraben i d-yusan seg [[Qayrawan|Takerwant]] muqlen tamdint, syin ɣer idurar i d-yezzin i Bgayet, syin tikkelt nniḍen ɣer temdint-nni iǧehden zdat-sen, dɣa semman i durar-is “el ɛadua”, taɛdawt, ɣef sseba n umennuɣ i d-yesken wegdud akken ad yeṭṭef tilelli-ines&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 January 2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie] (s tefransist). Éditions Bouchène. '''Asebter 44'''. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Lalmi, Nedjma Abdelfettah (2004). &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/4710 Du mythe de l’isolat kabyle]&quot;. Cahiers d'Études Africaines (s tefransist). 44 (175): 507–531. '''asebter 510'''. doi:[https://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/4710 10.4000/etudesafricaines.4710.] &lt;/ref&gt;. Isalan ɣef tallit-a xuṣṣen neɣ mxallafen; iban-d d akken tamdint ur ttwaḍḍfent-tt ara Aɛraben s tɣawla, yewwi-asen aṭas n wakud akken ad ṭṭfen, azal n useggas n 708. 
[[Tugna:A long line of men are marching with their hands thrust thro Wellcome V0041263.jpg|alt=Tanezzut n yiklan sɣur aɛraben. Aẓru n awines (lqern) wis 19 i d-yesskanayen yiwet n tarbaɛt n waɛraben i d-yettgen aklan seg Tefriqt n Wenẓul n Tniri Tutrimt ad ɛeddin ɣef Tniri Tutrimt. Tanezzut n yiklan sɣur waɛṛaben tnerna deg awines wis 7 d wis 8 imi d-ḍḍfen waɛṛaben aḥric ameqran seg Tefriqt n Ugafa. Tanezzut n Yiklan tnerna s waṭas seg awines wis 10 arma d wis 15 yerna tewweḍ ɣer tqacuct-nnes deg tlemmast n awines wis 19.|vignette|Tanezzut n yiklan sɣur aɛraben. Aẓru n awines ''(lqern)'' wis 19 i d-yesskanayen yiwet n tarbaɛt n waɛraben i d-yettgen aklan seg Tefriqt n Wenẓul n Tniri Tutrimt ad ɛeddin ɣef Tniri Tutrimt. Tanezzut n yiklan sɣur waɛṛaben tnerna deg awines wis 7 d wis 8 imi d-ḍḍfen waɛṛaben aḥric ameqran seg [[Tafriqt Ugafa|Tefriqt n Ugafa]]. Tanezzut n Yiklan tnerna s waṭas seg awines wis 10 arma d wis 15 yerna tewweḍ ɣer tqacuct-nnes deg tlemmast n awines wis 19.]]
Deg useggas n 740''',''' imaziɣen akk deg [[Tafriqt Ugafa|Tafriqt n ugafa]] kkren-ed mgal tasertit n waklan d tedrimt Dimecq&lt;ref&gt;Y. B., « [https://www.qantara-med.org/public/show_document.php?do_id=865 Les Rustamides (761-909)] [archive] », sur Qantara, Institut du monde arabe, 2008 (Yettwaṭṭef deg 19 Ctember 2012).&lt;/ref&gt; ; seg Lmerruk alamma d Libya, Iɣallen n lεeskaren n Imaziɣen snejmaɛen s yisem n tdukli s yisem n tegnawt n Txarijit, rran-d amur ameqran n Tefriqt n Ugafa rran deg ifassen-nsen, ssufɣen-d iεeskaren n Lxalifa Asunni; syin tuɣal temsalt Taɛrabt teεreq kra n lweqt&lt;ref&gt;Yidir Plantade, «Laïcité et athéisme en Kabylie : Mythes et ambigüités », ''Journal d’étude des relations internationales au Moyen-Orient'', &lt;abbr&gt;vol.&lt;/abbr&gt; 2, &lt;abbr&gt;n&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/abbr&gt; 1,‎ Yennayer 2007, isebtar 81-94 (s tefransist). [http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal_fr/2007/issue1/MERIA_fr_v2n1_Plantade.pdf ɣeṛ-d s Internet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090824061005/http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal_fr/2007/issue1/MERIA_fr_v2n1_Plantade.pdf |date=2009-08-24 }}.&lt;/ref&gt;. Yezmer lḥal d akken imezdaɣen n Bgayet kkan deg tegrawla-nni, maca ur nesɛi ara tira i d-yeqqaren ɣef aya.  

Kraḍ n awines i d-yeḍran deffir ma yebda Listiɛmar Aɛrab n Bgayet ur ṣfan acku ulac tira ɣef tegnit-is deg tallit-a. Timdint-a tella d aḥric seg wakal n Yiɣlabiyen, sakkin d win n Yifaṭimiyen, yerna ddaw n udabu-nsen tesɛa kra n tazmert.

Yettban-d belli asmi i d-yesbedd Naser Ayetḥmed* ''(s taɛrabt “Al-Naser ibn ALnas ibn Ḥammad” الناصر بن الناس)'', agellid wis xemsa n At Ḥmed, tamaneɣt-is ''An-''Nāṣīrīya dinna, deg 1067, lebni n Saldae taqburt yella d axrib. Llan aṭas n tiktiwin i d-yettwabnan ɣef yidles unṣib i wakken ad d-sfehmen liḥala-ines: kra seg-sen qqaren-d belli tamdint Saldae tesεu 7 n tizenzlin neɣ amḍan am wa n lḥemlat n ccwal&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie] '''Asebter 48'''. (s tefransist). Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Yettban-d daɣen belli deg awines wis 10, tamdint tella deg ifassen n Tamawya Tamaziɣt n [[Iẓnagen]], seg-sen i d-kkren tgelda n [[Iziriyen]] d At Ḥmed i ḥekmen ɣef Tafriqt n Ugafa Talemmast. Di tallit-nni, tella d taɣiwant i d-yezgan s tuget deg-s imezdaɣ n Andalus, akken i t-id-yessegza umagraw n Andalus Al Bakri, uqbel ma tefka tsertit n At Ḥmed azal ameqran i temdint-a&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie] '''Asebter 49''' (s tefransist). Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cote, M. (1 yebrir 1991). [https://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/1507 Encyclopédie berbère] (s tefransist) '''Asebter 6'''. Aix-en-Provence: Éditions Peeters. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2-85744-509-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 21 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== '''Tigeldiwin Timaziɣin: Tamanegt''' '''n tmaneɣt n tallit talemmast''' ==
Deg awines wis 10, tamdint-a tella kan d asagen amecṭuḥ i d-yezgan i useyyeḍ n yiselman. Deg 1067, agellid amaziɣ n tgelda n At Ḥmed, Naser Ayetḥmed (1062-1088), i yellan yeḥkem ɣef Tafriqt n Ugafa Talemmast, yesnulfa tamdint-nni yerra-tt d tamaneɣt-is imi tamaneɣt-is tamezwarut — Lberǧ n Ayetḥmed ''(s Taɛrabt'' ''قلعة بني حماد)'', ugafa-asamer n [[Tamsilet]] n wass-a deg temnaḍt n [[Awras|Wawras]] — tella ddaw uzaglu n leɛṛac yiminigen Aɛraben wid iwumi qqaren Ihilaliyen ''(s Taɛrabt بنو هلال Banū Hilāl).''  Ineggura-agi usan-d seg [[Asamar alemmas|Wasamar alemmas]] deg uḥric wis sin n tegrawla n Waɛraben mgal imaziɣen n Tefriqt n Ugafa&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie] (s tefransist) '''Asebter 47'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Ayetḥmed isemma-yas i temdint-nni Al Nassiriya; isem-a yuεer-as ad yeṭṭef acku isem n Bgayet yella yettwaseqdac s waṭas. Ibnu Xaldun yeɣil belli ayagi d ssebba n yisem Bgayet i yeqqnen ɣer yisem n yiwen wegraw amazi i zedɣen amkan-a&lt;ref&gt;Laporte, Jean-Pierre (2005). &quot;[https://www.academia.edu/30387621 Histoire et patrimoine antiques de Saldae (Bgayet, Bejaia, Bougie)]&quot; (pdf). Haut Commissariat à l'Amazighité, Actes du colloque: &quot;''Le patrimoine culturel immatériel amazigh: Le processus d'inventair''e&quot; (s tefransist). Yettwaṭṭef deg 15 Tubeṛ 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;: 

''&quot;Deg useggas n 460 (1067-1068), netta [Naser] yeṭṭef adrar n Biǧāya, d tamnaḍt aydeg i yezdeɣ yiwen n lɛeṛc amaziɣ yesɛan isem am win n temdint. Gar-asen, Biǧāya qqaren-as Bekaïa yerna ttwasemman-as Begaya. Nacer imi yewwi-d adrar-nni, yebna-d tamdint, isemma-yas Al Nassiriya. Maca yal yiwen yeqqar-as Biǧāya, seg yisem n lɛeṛc amaziɣ.&quot;'' 

Da, ilaq ad d-nini belli ulac ayen i d-yesbeggnen belli yella yiwen n lɛeṛc am wa. Yerna, isem-a “Biǧāya” ur d-yettbin ara d yisem aqvayli yerna ur d-yettili ara deg tikta n yismawen n leɛruc n tamurt n Leqvayel. Yezmer lḥal meqqren d akken Ibnu Xaldun yella kan yettgen-d tifratin akken llan ttgen-tent yimaruyen n tallit talemmast. 

Uqbel ma tesɛa izwel n tmaneɣt, tamdint-a tesɛu annerni i d-yesskanayen s wazal-nnes, ladɣa deg weswir adelsan; tella di tidett d asagen deg tlemmast n webrid n Lberǧ n Ayetḥmed d Landalus. Ttɛeddayen-d deg-s yimusnawen d yemsenza imi deg-s akken yella d ukcem d tuffɣa n ubrid n ugellid; abrid agellid seg Yigran Imeqranen ɣer Yilel Agrakal yerna ula d abrid n tnezzut n tlisa n Tniri Tutrimt&lt;ref&gt;Charles-André Julien, ''Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord : des origines à 1830'', Paris, Payot, 1966 (1re éd. 1951) (s tefransist) '''&lt;abbr&gt;Asebter&lt;/abbr&gt; 104'''.&lt;/ref&gt;. Imiren aɛṛaben n Sicilya Banu Kalb ''(s Taɛrabt بنو كلب)'' ţţuweḥḥan s tiɣermin (leqṣur) n Bgayet imi sbedden tiɣermin-nsen deg Palermo am wid n Bgayet. Bgayet, ugar n amkan yettwasnen neɣ yettwaḥemmlen, tella d tamḍiqt yettwaḥettmen deg webrid seg Landalus ɣer Usamer alemmas (ladɣa i wid yetteddun ɣer Lmekka), yerna daɣen seg Tuṛuft ɣer Tefriqt. D amkan n timlilit d umsawal n tmusni gar yimezdaɣen n Tuṛuft akk d Usamer&lt;ref&gt;Gilles Ferréol (dir.) et Abdel-Halim Berretima (dir.), La ville méditerranéenne : défis et mutations : Actes de colloque international (28-29/11/13, Béjaïa), EME éditions, 16 novembre 2015 &lt;abbr&gt;(s tefransist) '''Asebter'''&lt;/abbr&gt; '''258'''. (&lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-8066-3534-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;, [[https://books.google.fr/books?id=GKDtCgAAQBAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=ville+m%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9enne archive]]) &lt;/ref&gt;. 

S ufus n imḍebbren n At Ḥmed, tamdint tuɣal d yiwen seg yiɣermanen n yidles d tussna imeqranen n umalu n Yilel Agrakal, yerna d amkan ameqran n tnezzut yesɛan azal i Turuft.

Lqedd n iɣezzuba n tnezzut n temdint-a ur tettwassen ara swaswa, maca yettban-iɣezzuba n tnezzut llan sɛan azal ameqran deg Yilel Agrakal, maca llin ara d aṭas deg umḍan am wid n Tuṛuft.
[[Tugna:The Leaning Tower of Pisa SB.jpeg|alt=Lbeṛǧ n Pisa yettwabnan deg lqern wis 12|vignette|Lbeṛǧ n Pisa yettwabnan deg awines wis 12]]
Bgayet llan ttgen-tt s waṭas yemsenza Ilatiniyen, Indalusiyen, d Yikataluniyen, d yemsenza seg Pisa d Genova&lt;ref&gt;Valérian, Dominique (2006). [http://books.openedition.org/efr/194?lang=fr ''Bougie, port maghrébin, 1067-1510''] (s tefransist) '''Isebtar 247–290, 607–610'''. Rome: Publications de l’École française de Rome. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-7283-0748-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;. Imsenza-agi seg wenẓul n Tuṛuft fkan-as ismawen yemgaraden deg tutlayin tiṛumansiyin: Bugia, Buzia, Bugea, Buzana.

Dɣa deg tallit-a —ɣef ssebba n ccmeɛ n temdint-a i yellan ttwassifiḍen ɣer Tuṛuft i usnulfu n teftilin — i d-yefkan wawal n &quot;bougie&quot; i tutlayt tafṛensist akk d wawal n &quot;basane&quot; i tabḍant (tahidurt) n wullis; wigi llan deg laṣel-nsen d tisekkirin n yismawen n temdint s tutlayin-a ''(deg uwenneɛ i d-yettunefken uqbel: Bougie d Buzana)''&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 46'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Valérian, Dominique; Aissani, Djamil (2003). &quot;[https://www.academia.edu/3640311 Mathématiques, commerce et société à Béjaïa (Bugia) au moment de séjour de Leonardo Fibonacci (XII-XIII)]&quot;.  (s tefransist)  '''Isebtar 10–15'''. ''Bollettino di Storia delle Scienze Matematiche'' . XXIII (2): 9–31.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Taɣremt n Yiḥemmadiyen tejbed-d imusnawen seg wakk timnaḍin yerna tella tesseqdac tasertit yeldin, ladɣa ɣer tama n Tuṛuft. Udayen d imasiḥiyen sfaydin seg lḥalat-is yelhan; Ageldun Nasir yella yettmeslay-d, yeṭṭef-d tikta, d Papa Gregory VII&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 51'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017. &lt;/ref&gt; yerna yessuter-as ad d-yessers  aselway n tamasiḥit i temdint-is&lt;ref&gt;Kaddache, Mahfoud (2011) [1982]. L'Algérie des Algériens (s tefransist) '''Asebter 232'''. Alger: Société nationale d'édition et de diffusion. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-9961-9-6621-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;. Tiwḍin n yimussnawen terra Bgayet d tamdint tamezwarut deg unnar n tussna; tazmert-is tezger nnig n Yilel Agrakal yerna tewweḍ arma d Tuṛuft. Deg umgarad n Lqelɛa i yellan deg tamnaḍtin n deffir n tmur, Bgayet tella tettwaḥseb d tamdint tadelsant d &quot;tatrart&quot;; &quot;Tamdint tamaziɣt i yeddren s ṣṣifa n wegmuḍ&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;Cote, M. (1 April 1991). ''[https://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/1507 Encyclopédie berbère]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 9'''. Aix-en-Provence: Éditions Peeters. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2-85744-509-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwasekles deg 21 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt; aṭas n yimusnawen imeqranen ay d-yekkan seg-s neɣ d-yessuklen ad zedɣen din deg tallit talemmast: am Leonardo Fibonacci, d amussnaw n tusnakt aṭelyani, (awines wis 12), Ramon Llull akk d Ibn Xaldun (awines wis 13).
[[Tugna:Leonardo da Pisa.jpg|alt=Leonardo Fibonacci|vignette|Leonardo Fibonacci]]
Deg useggas n 1202, Leonardo Fibonacci yewwi-d seg Bgayet ɣer Tuṛuft &quot;uṭṭunen n taɛrabt&quot; d usekkil n ljebra (D anagraw i tira n yimeslayen d tmiḍrant n tusnakt s useqdec n yisekkilen, Izumal, d tmeẓriwin n tusnakt). Ɣef leḥsab n kra n yiɣbula, asnulfu n tegzemt n tusnakt n Fibonacci tusa-d seg ssebba n tmuɣli-s n yimɣuṛiyen n tizizwa d usnerni n tizizwa deg temnaḍt-nni neɣ neɣ ssebba n yiwen n wugur tusnakit adigan i yeqqnen ɣer tlalit n yiɣersiwen kra i d-yessegza deg wedlis-is ''Liber abaci''&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Scott, T.C.; Marketos, P. (23 March 2014). &quot;[https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Publications/fibonacci.pdf On the Origin of the Fibonacci Sequence&quot;] (PDF) (s teglizit) '''Isebtar 9–15'''. MacTutor History of Mathematics, University of St Andrews.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Di tallit-nni tamdint n Bgayet tuɣal d tameqrant armi, ɣef wakken i d-yenna Leo Africanus, zedɣen-tt aṭas n tmerwin n yimyilen n yemdanen seg yal tama n [[Tafriqt Ugafa|Tefriqt Ugafa]], [[Asamar alemmas]], [[Turuft|Tuṛuft]] d [[Asya]]. Imezdaɣ n temdint llan s tuget d Imaziɣen i d-yusan si tmurt n Yiqbayliyen d waṭas n yizruzaɣ n Landalus. Al Idrissi yeqqar-d belli azal n 100 000 imezdaɣ i yellan di tallit-nni. Muḥend Mis n Tumart (''Yekka-d seg tadukli n imesmuden deg [[Lmerruk]])'' yemlal d Ɛebd Lmumen ''(Yekka-d seg Iznaten yettwaɛraben deg Tlemsan)'' i d-yesbedden sin-nsen sakkin Tagelda n Tdukli (neɣ Tagelda n Imwaḥḥden; s taɛrabt ٱلدَّوْلَةُ ٱلْمُوَحِّدِيَّةُ ), deg tazwar s ufus n Muḥend mis n Tumart, sakkin, yessemɣer-itt Ɛebd Lmumen, ɣer tama n Bgayet azal n 1118.&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 59'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017. &lt;/ref&gt;
[[Tugna:Spanish engraving depicting Ibn Tumart.jpg|alt=Tugna taspenyulit i d-yesskanayen Mis n Tumart|vignette|Tugna taspenyulit i d-yesskanayen Mis n Tumart]]
Muḥend Mis n Tumart yesselmad-d tuɣalin ɣer yiɣallen n tineslemt seg Mellala (tamdint i d-yezgan ɣef 10 km ɣef Bgayet). Iseggasen uqbel, qqaren-d d akken imezdaɣ n Bgayet ssuffeɣen-d Mis n Tumart imi i d-yettcetki s waṭas ɣef tikli-nsen&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 60'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017. &lt;/ref&gt;. Amussu asertan i d-yesbedd d lsas n Tagelda n Tdukli ''(Imwaḥḥden)'', i yeṭṭfen Bgayet deg useggas n 1152 yerna yekkes At Ḥmed seg udabu. Tamdint teṭṭef azal-is amatu di tallit n Tdukli; tuɣal d tamaneɣt n tamnaḍt&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 61'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;. Axlif Ɛebd Lmumen yesbedd-d yiwen seg twacult-is d agellid n temdint&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 63'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;, d ayen i d-yesbeggnen azal-is asertan. Asagen n temdin yella deg-s lbabuṛat n Ɛebd Lmumen d wid n At Ḥmed, i d-yeṭṭef&lt;ref&gt;Valérian, Dominique (2006). ''[http://books.openedition.org/efr/194?lang=fr Bougie, port maghrébin]'', 1067-1510 (s tefransist) '''Isebtar 35–101'''. Rome: Publications de l’École française de Rome. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-7283-0748-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;/ref&gt;. Deg useggas n 1183, deg yiwet n tallit tawezlant, At Ɣaniya ''('''بنو غانية'''  s taɛrabt)'' —i d-yeqqimen seg tgelda n Imrabḍen — ṭṭfen Bgayet, maca iɣallen n Tagelda n Tdukli rran-tt-id s tikkelt niḍen&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 63'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[Tugna:Hafsids Bougie Algeria 1249 1276 ornemental Kufic.JPG|alt=Adrim n Bgayet (1249-1276) deg talit n Iḥafsiyen.|vignette|Adrim n Bgayet (1249-1276) deg talit n Iḥafsiyen.|153x153px]]
Mi teɣli tagelda n Tdukli, Bgayet tuɣal-d ɣer Tagleda tamziɣt n Iḥafsiyen n Tunes i d-yeqqlen d ilelliyen deg yunyu 1228&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 64'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;. Maca di tilawt, imi d-yeḍra ccwal ɣef tmeḍrit n udabu, agelid neɣ aselway Aḥafsi n Bgayet yuɣal d azarug ɣef win n Tunes; yuɣal-d d aqerruy n yiwet n tgeldunt n tidett i yeddren aṭas n tallitin. Tallit taneggarut seg-sent, uqbel ma wwḍen-d Yispenyuliyen, teḍḍef akk awines wis 15 yerna tella tettwassen s yisem n &quot;tgeldunt n Bgayet&quot;. Tazmert n tnezzut n Bgayet d tmura timasiḥiyin deg tallit-a d teqqim s wazal-is yerna tamdint-a tella d yiwet seg tmiwa timeqranin aydeg ttwaqeblen yizruzaɣ n Landalus i irewlen seg Reconquista&lt;ref&gt;Valérian, Dominique (2006). ''[http://books.openedition.org/efr/194?lang=fr Bougie, port maghrébin]'', 1067-1510 (s tefransist) '''Isebtar 247–290, 607–610'''. Rome: Publications de l’École française de Rome. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-7283-0748-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Valérian, Dominique (2006). ''[http://books.openedition.org/efr/194?lang=fr Bougie, port maghrébin]'', 1067-1510 (s tefransist) '''Asebter 674'''. Rome: Publications de l’École française de Rome. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-7283-0748-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== '''Iwinsen n tanhawt n Bgayet''' ==
Am akken i d-yeḍra s lmeḥna i ḍḍfen deg tgara n awines wis 15 aṭas n temdinin Tefriqt Ugafa d Tiniri n tallit talemmast i d-yellan qqnen s waṭas ɣer tnezzut n tiɣelmin d Ilel Agrakal, Bgayet tebda-d ihi tanhawt-s. 

Iberdan imaynuten n tanezzut sbedden-d tikkelt niḍen n tanezzut i lfayda n yiberdan imaynuten n tnezzut n yilel — i d-yeṭṭfen deg tazwara Ipurtugaliyen, syin d Ihulandiyen, i d-yebnan srid d tlisa n Tefriqt Tataramt — yesneqs-d s waṭas azal n iberdan n tnezzut n tiɣelmin d n tnezzut n yilel i ɣef tettkel temdint n Bgayet d temdinin-nniḍen n Tefriqt Ugafa&lt;ref&gt;Mauny, Raymond (1 June 1972). &quot;. « [https://www.persee.fr/doc/jafr_0037-9166_1973_num_43_2_1716_t1_0271_0000_2 Routes de commerce et échanges en Afrique occidentale en relation avec la Méditerranée. Un essai sur le commerce africain médiéval du XIe au XVIe siècle] » par Jean Dévisse (s tefransist) '''Isebtar 271–272''' -- [numérisation de livre/revue spécialisée/article : article du Journal de la Société des Africanistes (1972), via www.persee.fr]&quot;. Journal des Africanistes.  Yettwaṭṭef deg 26 Yunyu 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== '''Bgayet iswi n ṭṭmeɛ n leǧnas''' ==
Ispenyuliyen, deg tazwara n Reconquista, rran-d tiɣriwin ɣef yisafagen n Tefriqt n Ugafa. Aspenyuli Pedro Navarro yeṭṭef tamdint n Bgayet seg yifassen n Sselṭan Ɛebdalaziz deg useggas n 1510. Ispanyuliyen rran taggara i &quot;tagelda n Bgayet&quot; di Tameaɣa talemmast. Rran tamdint-nni d yiwet seg tneqqiḍin-nsen n tnezzut i d-yettwaḥerzen s lmendad n n wassaɣen i sɛa d Piza akk d '''Genova'''. Maca d takriḍt-nsen tessaweḍ ɣer trewla n yimezdaɣ n tmurt, dɣa d sseba n yimenɣiyen d Imaziɣen deg temnaḍin-nni iqerben. Tamdint-a ur tezmir ara ad teqqim d assaɣ i tnezzut d timura i yella deffi-s, dɣa Abu Bakr, gma-s n Ɛebd Lɛaziz, yeεreḍ ad d-yerr Bgayet deg useggas n 1512 seg tmanaɣt-is tamaynut [[Qsenṭina]] (s useqdec n unagraw n usekles n Iznyaten n awines wis 14) maca yexser&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Isebtar 99–101'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[Tugna:Bordj Moussa.jpeg|alt=Lbeṛj n Ispenyuliyen deg Bgayet|vignette|Lberǧ n Ispenyuliyen deg Bgayet ''(yettwasnen daɣen s yisem n Lberǧ Musa)'' - Yettwabna azal n tlemmast n awines wis 16 gar (1510-1555) deg talit n tuḍḍfa n Yispenyuliyen n temdint-a.]]
Ispenyuliyen qnen s tmehla-nsen ɣef yiwen yiwet n tamnaḍt i d-yellan d ṣṣenf n ukerdis gar Bordj Ɛebdlqader, Taqsibt d Bordj Mussa. Aḥric n temdint i yellan beṛṛa n tilisa-yagi dɣa yeɣli-d fell-as axrib imi iɣallen ispenyuliyen mebla tazmert ur zmiren ara ad ḥerezen. 

Ṛṛuḥ n Tasestant n Axxam n Ccreɛ n Ddin ''(lnquisition)'' yeṭṭef-d amkan deg tsertit taspenyult tadigant imi yettwaḥettem ɣef Udayen ad ffɣen seg temdint, yerna imeqranen n temdint rewlen ''(tarbaɛt tamecṭuḥt n yimdanen ijehden neɣ imerkantiyen)'' gar-asen imusnawen. Ansay ussnan n temdint yeqqel sakkin s waṭas ɣer yizawiyen n Tamurt n Yiẓwawen yellan deffir-is, ula d tira n ufus ttwakksen yerna ttwaferqent. Amḍan n imezdaɣ n temdint yeɣli s waṭas, yerna ula d iɣallen n ispenyuliyen deg-s sneqsen daɣen s waṭas; llan kan 500 n yergazen deg 1555&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 102'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[Tugna:Béjaïa 1551.jpg|alt=Aẓeṭṭa n temdint sɣur Jan Vermeyen (1551), yettwaḥerzen deg Tamkarḍit taɣelnawt n Fransa |vignette|Aẓeṭṭa n temdint sɣur Jan Vermeyen (1551), yettwaḥerzen deg Tamkarḍit taɣelnawt n Fransa ''(Bibliothèque nationale de France)'']]
Timnaḍin-nni n zik n Bgayet llan ttwabḍan, dɣa d aya i d-yeǧǧan ugur i yimezdaɣen n tmurt-a ad rnun ad ṭṭfen tamdint-a. Deg tmurt n Yiẓwawen, Ɛebbas, mmi-s n ugellid n Bgayet, yesbedd-d tagelda-ines ɣef yiwen n lberǧ yettwassen s yisem n Lberǧ Ayt Ɛebbas deg ugemmaḍ ataram n Asemmam. Ɛebbas yerra-d seg-s kra seg imḍebbren n temdint n Bgayet. Deg umkan-a yella deg temsizzelt d Belkadi i d-yekkan seg n umasnazref n Bgayet n At Ɣebri i d-yesbedden Tagelda N [[Kuku]]. Deg [[Qsenṭina]], d Abu Bakr, gma-s n ugellid-nni n zik n Bgayet, i d-yesbedden iman-is d agellid ɣef wakk nu usamer n tmurt n Lezzayer n tura&lt;ref&gt;Lezzayer, ayla amaynut n Fṛansa deg Tefriqt n Ugaf, tesnulfa-tt-id Fṛansa deg useggas n 1830 imi teṭṭef tagelda taɛetmanit n Lezzayer tatrart. Fransa teqqen-ed, 27 n yiseggasen deffir, Tamurt n Leqvayel ɣer Lezzayer deg useggas n 1857. Daɣen deg talliyin-nni, aneẓruf werǧin yella d aḥric seg tagelda taɛetmanit neɣ n tmurt Leqvayel.&lt;/ref&gt;''.'' Imḍebbren-a, i yemxalafen gar-asen, yal yiwen deg-sen yessaram ad yerr tamdint n Bgayet u ad d-yesdukkel akk timnaḍin-is n zik&lt;ref&gt;Kaddache, Mahfoud (2011) [1982]. L'Algérie des Algériens (s tefransist) '''Asebter 240'''. Alger: Société nationale d'édition et de diffusion. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-9961-9-6621-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 98'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;.
[[Tugna:Algiers and Bejaia by Piri Reis.jpg|alt=Takarḍa taɛetmanit n yilel seg lqern wis 16 i d-yesseknen agmuḍ: Lezzayer (deg ugafa), Delles (deg tlemmast) d Bgayet (deg wenẓul).|vignette|Takarḍa taɛetmanit n yilel seg awines wis 16 i d-yesseknen agmuḍ: Lezzayer (deg ugafa), Delles (deg tlemmast) d Bgayet (deg wenẓul).|185x185px]]
Deg tallit-a, asmi i d-uɣalen ɣer deffir yiwanaken iqburen, i d-banen watmaten  Ɛaruj yerna zedɣen deg temdint n Jijel. Atmaten Ɛaruj rran-d afus iwakken ad d-rren tamdint-a seg Yispenyuliyen s tmussni-nsen n yilel. Deg tgara, sbedden-d awanak-nsen deg tama n Ldzayer Tamaneɣt, ɣef leqdic n iflissen, dɣa s tɣawla ssersen-d tazmert-nsen ɣef ugafa n Ldzayer, rran-d iman-nsen ɣer tama n Tgeldit n Yiɛetmaniyen, dɣa sseknen-d iman-nsen deg wallen n yimezdaɣ am akken d ixṣimen n Spanyul. Bgayet tuɣal s lemɣawla d iswi n ṭṭmeɛ; Ɛaruj s ttawil-is i yekkes Iḥafsiyen seg Qsenṭina d Ɛennaba. Carlos I agellid n Spenyul ''(Yettwassen daɣen s Charles V deg Tuṛuft)'' yesseqdec tamdint-a d amkan n tuqqna deffir tawaɣit n tuffɣa n 1541 mgal tagelda taɛetmanit n Lezzayer&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Isebtar 102–108'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Kaddache, Mahfoud (2011) [1982]. L'Algérie des Algériens (s tefransist) '''Isebtar 310–312'''. Alger: Société nationale d'édition et de diffusion. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-9961-9-6621-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== '''Tamdint i d-yettwaɛzelen''' ==
[[Tugna:Giovanni Maria Morandi - Religieux.jpg|alt=lmuqedmin imasiḥiyen ttxellisen akken ad ssufɣen imasiḥiyen i yellan d aklan sɣur Iṭurkiyen - lqern wis 17 - D aḥric seg leqdic n iflissen iɛetmaniyen|vignette|lmuqedmin imasiḥiyen ttxellisen akken ad ssufɣen imasiḥiyen i yellan d aklan sɣur Iṭurkiyen - lqern wis 17 - D aḥric seg leqdic n iflissen iɛetmaniyen]]
[[Tugna:Captain walter croker horror stricken at algiers 1815.jpg|alt=Tugna n 1815 n aklan imasiḥiyen di Lezzayer - D aḥric seg leqdic n iflissen iɛetmaniyen|vignette|Tugna n 1815 n aklan imasiḥiyen di Lezzayer - D aḥric seg leqdic n iflissen iɛetmaniyen]]
Atmaten Ɛaruj werǧin ssawḍen ɣer yeswi-nsen n tuṭṭfa n Bgayet deg tudert-nsen. Deg taggara, Salah Raïs, yiwen seg wid i d-yeṭṭfen amkan-nsen, i d-yekcem ɣer temdint deffir umennuɣ n Bgayet (1555) mgal Spenyul s tallelt n Yiẓwawen n Kuku[64]. Di teswiεt-a Bgayet tekcem ɣer temnaḍt n Yiɛetmaniyen n Lezzayer, tezga-d ddaw lḥekma n Beylik n Qsenṭina alamma d 1830. Tabḍit temnaḍt n Yiɛetmaniyen n Tefriqt n Ugafa ɣef kraḍ n yibeyliyen ''(Timnaḍin s tutlayt taturkit)'' tessers tamdint-a deg yiwen n umdiq ur nesɛi azal ameqran. Targit tasertant n watmaten Ɛaruj akken n usbedu n tamaneɣt-nsen deg Bgayet tettwaɛzel; tamaneɣt n tagelda n Yiɛetmaniyen deg Tefriqt Ugafa tella tettwasbedd yakan deg tamnaḍt Lezzayer Tamaneɣt n tura i yellan d asagan yettwaḥerzen yerna deg-s llan ttwaxedmen aṭas n yisenfaren&lt;ref&gt;Cote, M. (1 April 1991). ''[https://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/1507 Encyclopédie berbère]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 3'''. Aix-en-Provence: Éditions Peeters. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2-85744-509-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwasekles deg 21 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;. Tuddsa tameqqrant kan i d-yeqqimen deg Bgayet deg tallit-a d tin n “dar senɛa”; d amkan i lebni n iɣerruba ''(lbabuṛat)'' n Dey n Lezzayer Tamaneɣt&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 117'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Bgayet, ddaw lḥekma n lqayed aṭerki, tettwaḥsab sɣur Lezzayer d tamdint i izemren ad tqabel Lezzayer ɣas akken zzin-as-tt idurar n yiɛdawenn&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 115'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;. Lezzayer tettabaɛ-d s leḥdert tikli n yiɣallen iɛetmaniyen deg Bgayet imi tugad ad d-yili umennuɣ gar-as d Lezzayer, dɣa tceggeε-d lbabuṛat-is ɣer Bgayet ladɣa deg tegrest imi tiẓgiwin n idurar-is d tiɣremt i d-yefkan. Dɣa tamdint-a teẓra aɣelluy-nnes yettnerni s tɣawla mi ṛuḥen Ispanyulen.

Imezdaɣ n Bgayet llan sεan amḍan amecṭuḥ n yiɣerruba n tnezzut, azal n ɛecrin n tiflukin, i d-yettruḥun ɣer [[Lezzayer (tamanaɣt)|Lezzayer]], [[Wehran|Wehṛan]], [[Ɛennaba]] d [[Tunes]] akken ad ssufuɣen lɣella n temnaḍt-a deg lḥal yelhan. Deg tegrest, iɣerruba n tnezzut-a tella tettɣimi deg teftist n “Dar Senɛa” seddaw la casbah ''(s taɛrabt “al-qaṣabah” القصبة &quot;lberǧ&quot;)'' ar tefsut&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 117'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Sselɛa i d-yettwassuffuɣen tella deg-s zzit, lxeḍra, tazart, d igelman; ttwassen-d ccac d imendiyen ttwawwin-d seg berra n temdint. Ahat iɣezzuba-a ''(lbabuṛat)'' wwin-d tiẓgi i lebni n iɣezzuba di Lezzayer&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 118'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;. Deg tallit-a, ikemmel-d ccɣel n iflissen iɛetmaniyen, ladɣa wid yellan deg Jijel. Deg useggas n 1671, sserɣen-tt lbumbat n yiɣezzuba Yigliziyen ddaw n akellef n Edward Spragge akken ad ḥebsen aẓdam n iflissen iɛetmaniyen deg yilel agrakal ɣef iɣezzuba-nsen. Deg tallit-a merra, tamdint ur tettwaḥrez ara, yerna imeslayen n waṭas n yimsebriden i d-yusan ɣer-s, ttmeslayen-d ɣef yir liḥala d lexṣaṣ n uṣeggem n lebni deg tamdint.

Seg tallit-a alamma d tagrawla tafransist, iɣallen n Tmurt n Leqvayel ɛerḍen ad ṭṭfen tamdint mebla ma yessaweḍ yiwen ɣer rbeḥ.

Deg useggas n 1823, Leɛruc n [[Idurar n Tiggura|Iwanuɣen]] d [[Asif asemmam|Wasif asemmam]] ṭṭfen amḍebber n temdint. Deg useggas n 1825, Aɣa Yahia, amḍebber n yiɣallen n Lezzayer, yerza  tamdint yerna yebda tikta n usekcam mgal Leɛruc n Wasif asemmam&lt;ref&gt;Kaddache, Mahfoud (2011) [1982]. L'Algérie des Algériens (s tefransist) '''Asebter 490'''. Alger: Société nationale d'édition et de diffusion. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-9961-9-6621-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;.

''Ẓer daɣen [[Tamurt n Leqbayel|Tamurt n Leqvayel]]''

== '''Aɣelluy n tagelda taɛetmanit n Lezzayer d tallit n ussehres afransis''' ==
[[Tugna:Bougie-ville.jpg|right|232x232px|thumb|Bgayet n zik ]]

Deg useggas n 1830, Ifransisen bdan-d tikli n tuṭṭfa n tagelda taɛetmanit n Lezzayer. Deg tazwara, tikli-nni tella tettwasnebgi mgal Lezzayer. Maca ur ɛeḍḍlen ara aṭas imi iɣallen-nsen bdan ttnadin ad ṭṭfen Tamurt n Leqvayel, mgal-as i d-bdan aṭas n yimenɣiyen. 

Deg tallit-a, mi teɣli-d tezmert n ussehres aṭerki, ɣef ljal n axrab i d-yellan deffir waya, Leqvayel rran-d tazmert-nsen d kra n leḥkem ɣef temdint d timnaḍin n tmurt-nsen i yellan zik seddaw tamehla n Ṭṭerk yerna werɛad ur llint ddaw n tmehla n Fṛansa.

Timdint d temnaḍt-is rran-d tagrawla meqqren mgal ussehres afṛensis. Seg tazwara, am Yispenyuliyen n awines wis 16, Ifransisen qnen s yiwet n tilin tamecṭuḥt arma d 1846, dɣa bnan-d aṭas n lebni n uḥraz deg tlemmast n temdint akk d deg imukan ɛlayen n temdint&lt;ref&gt;Habsbourg, Louis Salvator de (2000) [1899]. Bougie: La perle de l'Afrique du Nord (s tefransist). Paris/Montréal: L’Harmattan. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2-7384-8455-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Isebtar 140–145'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ayagi ur d-yeḥbis ara tamdint-a ad teṭṭef amkan deg waṭas n tegrawliwin d tmenɣiwin am wid n [[Crif Bubeɣla]], yerna ladɣa nnfaq ameqran n [[Muḥend At-Meqqran|Lḥaǧ Muḥend At Meqqran]] d Ccix Aḥedad deg 1871.[[Tugna:Phare du Cap Carbon.jpg|alt=Taftilt n Cape Carbon|vignette|Taftilt n Cape Carbon]]Deg tallit n tuṭṭfa tafransist, tamdint tella d tamdint tamecṭuḥt s azal n 2000 n yimezdaɣ&lt;ref&gt;Féraud, Laurent-Charles (1 yennayer 2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nK5yAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=f%C3%A9raud+histoire+bougie Histoire de Bougie]'' (s tefransist) '''Isebtar 140–145'''. Éditions Bouchène. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-912946-28-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;. Tamdint tettwaɣ-d d taɣiwant s usaḍuf ''(lqanun)'' n 17 yunyu 1854&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://anom.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr/geo.php?ir=&amp;lieu=Bougie+(Alg%C3%A9rie) Recherche géographique: Bougie (Algérie)]&quot;. ''anom.archivesnationales.culture.gouv.fr'' (s tefransist). 2015. Yettwaṭṭef deg 25 Yulyu 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ifransisen ččuren-d ukalil n temdint s wakal akken ad sɛun ugar n wakal yelhan i lebni, mi d-snulfan asagan n temdint yerna bnan-as-d aḥric n beṛṛa ɣer tama n yilel akken ad yesɛu ugar n wemkan i yiɣerruba. Ahil n usnerni aɣerman n temdint (asnulfu n tama n yilel d iberdan imeqranen) yeǧǧa-d azamul d ameqran deg wamek i d-tnerna temdint seg tallit-nni ar ass-a. Timdint tewwi-d cwiṭ cwiṭ amkan-is d amḍiq alemmas n tmurt n Leqvayel d asagen n ussufuɣ (usifeḍ) n ifuras n tfellaḥt n tmurt-a. Imezdaɣen iqvayliyen mazal ttkemmilen deg leqdic-nsen n usifeḍ ɣef tlisa n yilel. Deg useggas n 1906, imḍebbren n Fṛansa bnan taftilt n Cape Carbon;  d tin yugaren akk deg umaḍal ɣef ssebba n umkan-is ɣef yixef n wedrar (220 n lmitrat deg teɣzi) yerna tafat-is tettaweḍ 53 n yikilumitren ɣer yilel&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.ca/books?id=85IvAAAAMAAJ&amp;redir_esc=y Ministère de l'information]  1970, p. 106. Anabaḍ n Lezzayer (s tefransist)&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== '''Ṭṭraḍ amaḍlan II''' ==
[[Tugna:North Africa Operations. 12 November 1942, Bougie, North Africa. A13019.jpg|alt=Karanja d Cathay ttwasserɣen ɣer tama n n yilel n Bgayet deffir tmenɣiwin n yigenni n Luftwaffe.|vignette|Karanja d Cathay ttwasserɣen ɣer tama n yilel n Bgayet deffir tmenɣiwin n yigenni n Luftwaffe -  1942.]]
Deg ṭṭraḍ amaḍlan wis sin, Operation Torch tessers-d iɣallen imarikaniyen d ibriṭaniyen deg [[Tafriqt Ugafa|Tefriqt n Ugafa]], gar-asen yiwen n ugraw n Royal West Kent Regiment n tgelda tageldanit deg Bgayet deg 11 wember 1942. Deg wass-nni, ɣef 4:40 n tmeddit, yiwet n terbaεt n yisafagen n iɣallen n Luftwaffe n Lalman ssersen lbumbat ɣef Bgayet s tlatin n yisafagen Ju 88 d ṣṣenf-nniḍen n yisafagen. Iɣerruba n usifeḍ ''(aḥemmel)'' Awatea d Cathay ɣḍeṣen, ma d aɣerrabu n ṭṭraḍ HMS Roberts yettwaɣ. Azekka-nni, aɣerrabu n ṭṭraḍ SS Tynwald d aɣerrabu n usifeḍ Karanja ttwaɣen yerna ɣḍeṣen&lt;ref&gt;Atkinson, Rick (2013). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cEEpZPDnV7EC An Army At Dawn: The War in North Africa, 1942-1943]'' (s teglizit). Little, Brown Book Group. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1-4055-2727-9&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

== '''Ṭṭraḍ n timunent n Lezzayer''' ==
[[Tugna:Ɛebban Ṛemḍan.png|alt=Ɛebban Ṛemḍan|vignette|[[Ɛebban Ṛemḍan]]|224x224px]]
Deg ṭṭrad n timunent n Lezzayer ''(1 Wamber 1954 – 5 Yulyu 1962 i yettwasnen daɣen s Tagrawla)'', tamurt n leqvayel tella ddaw yisem n temnaḍt III s ddaw n uselway n [[Krim Belqasem|Belqasem Krim]] i d-iḥettmen ad teqqim tmurt n Leqbayel ddaw leɛnaya n Leqvayel; Bgayet tella d aḥric seg temnaḍt III&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;. [[Agraw n Ṣummam]] i d-yesseggan [[Ɛebban Ṛemḍan]] yesbedd-d tawsit tasertant-taserdasit n umussu aɣelnaw azzayri deg ṭṭraḍ, yeḍra-d deg [[Uzellagen]], deg idurar i llan deffir n Bgayet&lt;ref&gt;Zirem, Youcef (2013). Histoire de Kabylie: Le point de vue kabyle (s tefransist) '''Asebter 84'''. Fouesnant: Yoran Embanner. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-2-914855-98-3&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;/ref&gt;. Uqbel agraw-a, Ɣef leḥsab n waṭas n tdiwennitin d inagan n [[Ḥusin Nat Ḥmed|Ḥusin At Ḥmed]], amennuɣ ur yesɛi ara lsas iǧehden.

== '''Tamdint tatrart''' ==
[[Tugna:Bejaia place guidon.jpg|vignette|Bgayet - Place Guidon - Lebni n [[Fransa]].]]Deg yiḍ n ṭṭraḍ n timunent n Lezzayer deg 1954, Bgayet tesɛa azal n 30.000 n yimezdaɣen, gar-asen 6.200 n yifṛensisen. Yiwet n tseddarin ineggura n udabu afṛansis d lebni n  yiwen n aqadu (pipeline) ara yessiwḍen lpeṭrul ''(zzit n wakal)'' seg [[Ḥasi Mesɛud]] deg uneẓruf ɣer Iɣerruba n usagan n temdint. Deg useggas n 1959, Bgayet tella d taḥanut n wuzzal tameqrant akk deg tmurt n Lezzayer, i d-yettakent idrimen. Deg 1959, Bgayet tella d asagan ameqran n lpeṭrul ay yesɛan azal akk deg Lezzayer, yerna d aɣbalu n tedrimt&lt;ref&gt;Cote, M. (1 April 1991). ''[https://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/1507 Encyclopédie berbère]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 4'''. Aix-en-Provence: Éditions Peeters. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2-85744-509-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwasekles deg 21 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;. Deg 1962, tettwaqqel ɣer temnaḍt n Sétif, uqbel ad tuɣal d tamaneɣt n temnaḍt-s deg useggas n 1974. Tamdint teẓra tigmi n yimezdaɣ, gar-asen amḍiq n Lexmis, sdeffir ma usan-d aṭas n medden seg tudrin d temnaḍin n tmurt n Leqvayel akken ad ddren deg-s&lt;ref&gt;Kheladi, Mokhtar (1 yennayer 1993). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=oGbaAAAAMAAJ Urbanisme et systèmes sociaux: la planification urbaine en Algérie]'' (s tefransist) '''Isebtar 109–110'''. Office des publications universitaires. &lt;/ref&gt;.

Bgayet, am temdinin-nniḍen deg Tmurt n Leqvayel, tella d yiwet seg wammasen n tmenɣiwt n tdukli tamaziɣt deg [[Tafsut n Yimaziɣen]] n 1980; yerna deg useggas n 2001 akk d deg [[Tafsut Taberkant|Tefsut Taberkant]]. Bgayet daɣen gar tmaneɣin tidamsanin n Tmurt n Leqvayel d yiwet seg yimukan idelsanen yesɛan iswiyen idelsanen am [[Tizi Wezzu]]. Alday n unnar asertan yeǧǧa-d ad d-kkren waṭas n tdukliwin n yidles n yal ṣṣenf. Tasdawit n Bgayet, s tilin-is, tettɛawan umussu-a; llan yiɣawasen i wakken ad tili  tasudut n uselmed n tutlayt tamaziɣt deg Bgayet&lt;ref&gt;Cote, M. (1 April 1991). ''[https://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/1507 Encyclopédie berbère]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 7'''. Aix-en-Provence: Éditions Peeters. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2-85744-509-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwasekles deg 21 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;. 

Tigmi s tɣawla n yimezdaɣ n temdint tettak-d uguren i usnulfu n tmezduɣin d uḥraz n yimukan n yidles. Tella daɣen temsalt n twennaṭ i d-yeqqnen ɣer ussuḍes i d-yettasen seg lecɣal n yixxamen d tnezzut. Deg tazwara n yiseggasen n 1990, tigmi n yimezdaɣ, lexṣaṣ n n tsertit yelhan, sneqsen ṣṣenf n twennaṭ n temdint, ɣas akken llan kra n iɣbula i yimal-is&lt;ref&gt;Kheladi, Mokhtar (1 January 1993). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=oGbaAAAAMAAJ Urbanisme et systèmes sociaux: la planification urbaine en Algérie]'' (in French) '''Asebter 112'''. Office des publications universitaires.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Cote, M. (1 April 1991). ''[https://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/1507 Encyclopédie berbère]'' (s tefransist) '''Asebter 7'''. Aix-en-Provence: Éditions Peeters. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 2-85744-509-1&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Yettwasekles deg 21 Yennayer 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;.

== '''Uṭṭunen n yimezdaɣImezdaɣ''' ==
Tamdint tesɛa 177,988 imezdaɣ ɣef leḥsab n 2008.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Tigmi n yimezdaɣ s wakud&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.populstat.info/Africa/algeriat.htm populstat.info] Yettwaḥrez 3 Meɣres 2016 deg [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] (Asebter s teglizit)&lt;/ref&gt;
!Aseggas
!Imezdaɣ
!Aseggas
!Imezdaɣ
!Aseggas
!Imezdaɣ
!Aseggas
!Imezdaɣ
|-
|1901
|14,600
|1926
|15,900
|1954
|43,900
|1977
|74,000
|-
|1906
|17,500
|1931
|25,300
|1960
|63,000
|1987
|114,500
|-
|1911
|10,000
|1936
|30,700
|1966
|49,900
|1987
|144,400
|-
|1921
|19,400
|1948
|28,500
|1974
|104,000
|2008
|177,988
|}
'''Tugnatin n Bgayet'''&lt;gallery&gt;
Tugna:Yemma Gouraya.jpg|Tamdint n Bgayet seddaw n wedrar n [[Yemma Guraya]]
Tugna:Bgayet port.jpg|Lmersa n Bgayet
Tugna:Bgayet Maison de la culture.jpg|Axxam n yedles &quot;[[Ṭawes Ɛamruc]]&quot; n Bgayet
Tugna:Tasdawit n Bgayet 01.jpg|[[Tasdawit Ɛebderraḥman Mira n Bgayet|Tasdawit Ɛebderraḥman Mira n Bgayet]]&quot; 
Tugna:Cap Carbon 1.jpg|&quot;Cap Carbon&quot;
Tugna:Cap Carbon2.jpg|&quot;Cap Carbon&quot;
Tugna:Les Aiguades.jpg|Zegwaḍ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Iɣbula ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{Tawilayt n Bgayet}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Tiɣiwanin n twilayt n Bgayet}}
[[Taggayt:Timdinin]]
[[Taggayt:Bgayet]]</text>
      <sha1>a5lbb6ddofopefcygycravl6qpxfzvk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aẓerẓur (tawsit)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>21421</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115655</id>
      <parentid>101120</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-31T18:48:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115655</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="661" sha1="5tr46afeh15syn0pli146bte7u1nzpd" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Aẓerẓur''' neɣ '''imesfer''' neɣ '''Amsebrid''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Sturnus''') d [[tawsit (tudersent)|tawsit]] n [[Agṭiṭ|yigṭaṭ]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[timsefrin|temsefrin]]. [[Asismel n tesnudert|Asismel]] n tegrawt-a d ukris s waṭas, yerna imniren mgaraden s tuget deg [[talmest|telmas]] yemmersen deg tewsit-a.

== Tilmas ==
* [[Imesfer aberkan]] — (''Sturnus unicolor'')
* [[Aẓerẓur]] — (''Sturnus vulgaris'')
Isesmilen niden gebren seg: 

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==
[[Taggayt:Igṭaṭ]]
[[Taggayt:Iɣersiwen]]
[[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n yigṭaṭ]]
[[Taggayt:Aẓerẓur]]
[[Taggayt:timsefrin]]</text>
      <sha1>5tr46afeh15syn0pli146bte7u1nzpd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115659</id>
      <parentid>115655</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-31T19:08:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115659</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="695" sha1="kn7xkzxu9isxopqyy4r5yq4mlthkiv8" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Aẓerẓur''' neɣ '''imesfer''' neɣ '''Amsebrid''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Sturnus''') d [[tawsit (tudersent)|tawsit]] n [[Agṭiṭ|yigṭaṭ]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[timsefrin|temsefrin]]. [[Asismel n tesnudert|Asismel]] n tegrawt-a d ukris s waṭas, yerna imniren mgaraden s tuget deg [[talmest|telmas]] yemmersen deg tewsit-a.

== Tilmas ==
* [[Imesfer aberkan]] — (''Sturnus unicolor'')
* [[Aẓerẓur]] — (''Sturnus vulgaris'')
Isesmilen niden gebren seg: 

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==
[[Taggayt:Igṭaṭ]]
[[Taggayt:Iɣersiwen]]
[[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n yigṭaṭ]]
[[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n iɣersiwen]]
[[Taggayt:Aẓerẓur]]
[[Taggayt:timsefrin]]</text>
      <sha1>kn7xkzxu9isxopqyy4r5yq4mlthkiv8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aẓerẓur</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>21424</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115656</id>
      <parentid>101123</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-03-31T19:06:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115656</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="767" sha1="qzu223nnk2s4waoapzdhgt8wom1mgil" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Aẓerẓur imezdi''' neɣ '''Imesfer''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Sturnus vulgaris''') d [[talmest]] n [[agddid|yigḍaḍ]] yeṭṭafaren [[Tawacult (tasnudert)|twacult]] n [[Timsefrin|temsefrin]]. Yettidir s talɣa taẓarant di [[Uṛasya]], maca ittwasekcem ula ɣer [[Tamrikt|Marikan]] d [[Ustṛalya]]. Deg tegrest, [[inig n yigṭaṭ|yettinig]] ɣer [[tafriqt n Ugafa|Tferka n ugafa]]. 

Aẓerẓur ila (yesɛa) azal n 12 n [[tadfert|tdefrin]] [[amyaraw|yettemyarawen]] deg tsemzuyin timezgiyin.

== [[Tinnagrawt]] d usesmel ==

== Aglam ==

== Tidefrin ==

== Asčewčew ==

== Tikeli ==

== Učči ==

== Amyaraw ==

== Tiwlafin ==

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==
[[Taggayt:Aẓerẓur]]
[[Taggayt:Timsefrin]]
[[Taggayt:Igṭaṭ]]
[[Taggayt:Iɣersiwen]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-03-31T19:07:20Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
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      <text bytes="769" sha1="d1zpm6zzw3p34zoz9i1ivxyjbihy344" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Aẓerẓur imezdi''' neɣ '''Imesfer''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Sturnus vulgaris''') d [[talmest]] n [[agddid|yigḍaḍ]] yeṭṭafaren [[Tawacult (tasnudert)|twacult]] n [[Timsefrin|temsefrin]]. Yettidir s talɣa taẓarant di [[Uṛasya]], maca ittwasekcem ula ɣer [[Tamrikt|Marikan]] d [[Ustṛalya]]. Deg tegrest, [[tinigt n yigḍaḍ|yettinig]] ɣer [[tafriqt n Ugafa|Tferka n ugafa]]. 

Aẓerẓur ila (yesɛa) azal n 12 n [[tadfert|tdefrin]] [[amyaraw|yettemyarawen]] deg tsemzuyin timezgiyin.

== [[Tinnagrawt]] d usesmel ==

== Aglam ==

== Tidefrin ==

== Asčewčew ==

== Tikeli ==

== Učči ==

== Amyaraw ==

== Tiwlafin ==

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==
[[Taggayt:Aẓerẓur]]
[[Taggayt:Timsefrin]]
[[Taggayt:Igṭaṭ]]
[[Taggayt:Iɣersiwen]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-03-31T19:07:44Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
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      <text bytes="772" sha1="66pj1efq9173vwkxfhpglzfmty2zhna" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}
'''Aẓerẓur imezdi''' neɣ '''Imesfer''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Sturnus vulgaris''') d [[talmest]] n [[agḍiḍ|yigḍaḍ]] yeṭṭafaren [[Tawacult (tasnudert)|twacult]] n [[Timsefrin|temsefrin]]. Yettidir s talɣa taẓarant di [[Uṛasya]], maca ittwasekcem ula ɣer [[Tamrikt|Marikan]] d [[Ustṛalya]]. Deg tegrest, [[tinigt n yigḍaḍ|yettinig]] ɣer [[tafriqt n Ugafa|Tferka n ugafa]]. 

Aẓerẓur ila (yesɛa) azal n 12 n [[tadfert|tdefrin]] [[amyaraw|yettemyarawen]] deg tsemzuyin timezgiyin.

== [[Tinnagrawt]] d usesmel ==

== Aglam ==

== Tidefrin ==

== Asčewčew ==

== Tikeli ==

== Učči ==

== Amyaraw ==

== Tiwlafin ==

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==
[[Taggayt:Aẓerẓur]]
[[Taggayt:Timsefrin]]
[[Taggayt:Igṭaṭ]]
[[Taggayt:Iɣersiwen]]</text>
      <sha1>66pj1efq9173vwkxfhpglzfmty2zhna</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Timsefrin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25359</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-03-31T19:18:53Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Asebtar amaynut: {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Timsefrin''' neɣ '''Tiẓerẓurin''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Sturnidae''') d yiwet n [[tawacult (tasnudert)|twacult]] n [[agḍiḍ|yigḍaḍ]] yemnummsen deg ubleɣ (ur llint meẓẓiy-it, ur llint meqqer-it). Tawacult-a tegber seg 123 n [[talmest|telmas]] yebḍan ɣef 33 n [[tawsit (tudersent)|tewsitin]], d snat n tewsitin [[angar|inegren]].  == Umuɣ n tewsitin ==   * [[Aẓerẓur (tawsit)|Aẓerẓur]] – (''Sturnus'').   == Imniren == Tag...</comment>
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      <text bytes="564" sha1="50d28jnwdnerkw44m6dt6wdbsi07xgv" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox}}
'''Timsefrin''' neɣ '''Tiẓerẓurin''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Sturnidae''') d yiwet n [[tawacult (tasnudert)|twacult]] n [[agḍiḍ|yigḍaḍ]] yemnummsen deg ubleɣ (ur llint meẓẓiy-it, ur llint meqqer-it). Tawacult-a tegber seg 123 n [[talmest|telmas]] yebḍan ɣef 33 n [[tawsit (tudersent)|tewsitin]], d snat n tewsitin [[angar|inegren]].

== Umuɣ n tewsitin == 

* [[Aẓerẓur (tawsit)|Aẓerẓur]] – (''Sturnus''). 

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:Tiwaculin n iɣersiwen]]
[[Taggayt:Tiwaculin n yigḍaḍ]]
[[Taggayt:Igḍaḍ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tajmaɛt/Yebrir 2026</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>25360</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-01T04:42:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>4167</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! */ tigezmi tamaynut</comment>
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      <text bytes="2534" sha1="7b1jcllmj3xxwc3w90ab8e46hdalobd" xml:space="preserve">== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
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