Uzzal

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    <title>Uzzal</title>
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'''Uzzal''' d [[aferdis akruran|uferdis akruran]], [[azamul akruran|uzamul-is]] (Fe). [[Uṭṭun abelkim|Uṭṭun-is abelkam]] 26. Yeṭṭafar [[Amegganu n tfelwit tawalant|amegganu awalan D]], akken i d-izga ɣef yixef [[iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8]] di [[tafelwit tawalant |tfelwit tawalant]]. Uzzal d [[amɣuz]] iy ttilin s tuget deg ugama, imi iga d yiwen seg yimɣuzen yettwasnen seg zik yerna issxedm-id [[Afgan|ufgan]]. Maca, ur yettili ara deg yakk ideggan n umaḍal.

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:imɣuzen]]
[[Taggayt:aferdis akruran]]</text>
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'''Uzzal''' d [[aferdis akruran|uferdis akruran]], [[azamul akruran|uzamul-is]] (Fe). [[Uṭṭun abelkim|Uṭṭun-is abelkam]] 26. Yeṭṭafar [[Amegganu n tfelwit tawalant|amegganu awalan D]], akken i d-izga ɣef yixef [[iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8]] di [[tafelwit tawalant |tfelwit tawalant]]. Yettusismel d yiwen seg [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]]. Imi [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen|yella s tuget]] deg [[tagnit|umtiweg n tegnit]] s wazal n 32.1%, yezga-d deg usmil amezwar gar iferdisen s usekti ɣer [[tirẓi takurant-ines]], deg wakud anda i d-izga deg usmil wisn kuẓ deg [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen di tferkit n tegnit]].

== Amezruy ==

 Uzzal d [[amɣuz]] iy ttilin s tuget deg ugama, imi iga d yiwen seg yimɣuzen yettwasnen seg zik yerna issxedm-id [[Afgan|ufgan]]. Maca, ur yettili ara deg yakk ideggan n umaḍal.

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:imɣuzen]]
[[Taggayt:aferdis akruran]]</text>
      <sha1>pi04xaxik5e7fb5k4heknsua1962368</sha1>
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'''Uzzal''' d [[aferdis akruran|uferdis akruran]], [[azamul akruran|uzamul-is]] (Fe). [[Uṭṭun abelkim|Uṭṭun-is abelkam]] 26. Yeṭṭafar [[Amegganu n tfelwit tawalant|amegganu awalan D]], akken i d-izga ɣef yixef [[iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8]] di [[tafelwit tawalant |tfelwit tawalant]]. Yettusismel d yiwen seg [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]]. Imi [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen|yella s tuget]] deg [[tagnit|umtiweg n tegnit]] s wazal n 32.1%, yezga-d deg usmil amezwar gar iferdisen s usekti ɣer [[tirẓi takurant-ines]], deg wakud anda i d-izga deg usmil wisn kuẓ deg [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen di tferkit n tegnit]].

== Amezruy ==
War tarurda, uzzal d yiwen seg [[aferdis|yiferdisen]] imezwura i yessexdem wemdan deg [[taɣerma|tɣermiwin]] yemgaraden, acku llan yinzan seg tmehlin n [[tawaɣza|twaɣza]] deg yideggan yemgaraden n umaḍal sbeyyinen-tt-d aya. Ɣas akken tiweɣziwin ayi drus-it s wassaɣ ɣer tweɣziwin n [[azureɣ|uzureɣ]] neɣ ɣer tweɣziwin yemmugen s [[azara ahaggaṛ|yizaran ihaggaṛen]] am [[ureɣ]] d [[aẓref|uẓref]]. Ahat acku uzzal ur yettwasxdem ara s tuget deg talliyin tiqdimin n umezruy, neɣ acku uzzal [[amyečči|yettwaččay]] deg unzwu agrawi. Daya i yeǧǧan tuget n tsiway (tipyasin) yemmugen s wuzzan ad fnunt s uzray n waked.

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:imɣuzen]]
[[Taggayt:aferdis akruran]]</text>
      <sha1>98usr5u4p3ybv1thch2wlh32rvu40ev</sha1>
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'''Uzzal''' d [[aferdis akruran|uferdis akruran]], [[azamul akruran|uzamul-is]] (Fe). [[Uṭṭun abelkim|Uṭṭun-is abelkam]] 26. Yeṭṭafar [[Amegganu n tfelwit tawalant|amegganu awalan D]], akken i d-izga ɣef yixef [[iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8]] di [[tafelwit tawalant |tfelwit tawalant]]. Yettusismel d yiwen seg [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]]. Imi [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen|yella s tuget]] deg [[tagnit|umtiweg n tegnit]] s wazal n 32.1%, yezga-d deg usmil amezwar gar iferdisen s usekti ɣer [[tirẓi takurant-ines]], deg wakud anda i d-izga deg usmil wisn kuẓ deg [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen di tferkit n tegnit]].

== Amezruy ==
War tarurda, uzzal d yiwen seg [[aferdis|yiferdisen]] imezwura i yessexdem wemdan deg [[taɣerma|tɣermiwin]] yemgaraden, acku llan yinzan seg tmehlin n [[tawaɣza|twaɣza]] deg yideggan yemgaraden n umaḍal sbeyyinen-tt-d aya. Ɣas akken tiweɣziwin ayi drus-it s wassaɣ ɣer tweɣziwin n [[azureɣ|uzureɣ]] neɣ ɣer tweɣziwin yemmugen s [[azara ahaggaṛ|yizaran ihaggaṛen]] am [[ureɣ]] d [[aẓref|uẓref]]. Ahat acku uzzal ur yettwasxdem ara s tuget deg talliyin tiqdimin n umezruy, neɣ acku uzzal [[amyečči|yettwaččay]] deg unzwu agrawi. Daya i yeǧǧan tuget n tsiway (tipyasin) yemmugen s wuzzan ad fnunt s uzray n waked.

== Tuget deg ugama == 

== Tukksa d tiddi tazwarant ==

== Afaris==

== Iylanen ifiziken ==


== Uzzal deg tfekka, učči d tezmert ==

== Asemdu deg twennaṭ d usexdem ==

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:imɣuzen]]
[[Taggayt:aferdis akruran]]</text>
      <sha1>0q04cds0ihsr5dqosong10fpxwt1wkd</sha1>
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'''Uzzal''' d [[aferdis akruran|uferdis akruran]], [[azamul akruran|uzamul-is]] (Fe). [[Uṭṭun abelkim|Uṭṭun-is abelkam]] 26. Yeṭṭafar [[Amegganu n tfelwit tawalant|amegganu awalan D]], akken i d-izga ɣef yixef n [[iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8]] di [[tafelwit tawalant |tfelwit tawalant]]. Yettusismel d yiwen seg [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]]. Imi [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen|yella s tuget]] deg [[tagnit|umtiweg n tegnit]] s wazal n 32.1%, yezga-d deg usmil amezwar gar iferdisen s usekti ɣer [[tirẓi takurant-ines]], deg wakud anda i d-izga deg usmil wisn kuẓ deg [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen di tferkit n tegnit]].

== Amezruy ==
War tarurda, uzzal d yiwen seg [[aferdis|yiferdisen]] imezwura i yessexdem wemdan deg [[taɣerma|tɣermiwin]] yemgaraden, acku llan yinzan seg tmehlin n [[tawaɣza|twaɣza]] deg yideggan yemgaraden n umaḍal sbeyyinen-tt-d aya. Ɣas akken tiweɣziwin ayi drus-it s wassaɣ ɣer tweɣziwin n [[azureɣ|uzureɣ]] neɣ ɣer tweɣziwin yemmugen s [[azara ahaggaṛ|yizaran ihaggaṛen]] am [[ureɣ]] d [[aẓref|uẓref]]. Ahat acku uzzal ur yettwasxdem ara s tuget deg talliyin tiqdimin n umezruy, neɣ acku uzzal [[amyečči|yettwaččay]] deg unzwu agrawi. Daya i yeǧǧan tuget n tsiway (tipyasin) yemmugen s wuzzan ad fnunt s uzray n waked.

== Tuget deg ugama == 

== Tukksa d tiddi tazwarant ==

== Afaris==

== Iylanen ifiziken ==


== Uzzal deg tfekka, učči d tezmert ==

== Asemdu deg twennaṭ d usexdem ==

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:imɣuzen]]
[[Taggayt:aferdis akruran]]</text>
      <sha1>5vvk756f2e1a9pyp2n1kzjmfzszf767</sha1>
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      <id>115725</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-04T10:29:34Z</timestamp>
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'''Uzzal''' d [[aferdis akruran|uferdis akruran]], [[azamul akruran|uzamul-is]] (Fe). [[Uṭṭun abelkim|Uṭṭun-is abelkam]] 26. Yeṭṭafar [[Amegganu D n tfelwit tawalant|amegganu awalan D]], akken i d-izga ɣef yixef n [[iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8]] di [[tafelwit tawalant |tfelwit tawalant]]. Yettusismel d yiwen seg [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]]. Imi [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen|yella s tuget]] deg [[tagnit|umtiweg n tegnit]] s wazal n 32.1%, yezga-d deg usmil amezwar gar iferdisen s usekti ɣer [[tirẓi takurant-ines]], deg wakud anda i d-izga deg usmil wisn kuẓ deg [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen di tferkit n tegnit]].

== Amezruy ==
War tarurda, uzzal d yiwen seg [[aferdis|yiferdisen]] imezwura i yessexdem wemdan deg [[taɣerma|tɣermiwin]] yemgaraden, acku llan yinzan seg tmehlin n [[tawaɣza|twaɣza]] deg yideggan yemgaraden n umaḍal sbeyyinen-tt-d aya. Ɣas akken tiweɣziwin ayi drus-it s wassaɣ ɣer tweɣziwin n [[azureɣ|uzureɣ]] neɣ ɣer tweɣziwin yemmugen s [[azara ahaggaṛ|yizaran ihaggaṛen]] am [[ureɣ]] d [[aẓref|uẓref]]. Ahat acku uzzal ur yettwasxdem ara s tuget deg talliyin tiqdimin n umezruy, neɣ acku uzzal [[amyečči|yettwaččay]] deg unzwu agrawi. Daya i yeǧǧan tuget n tsiway (tipyasin) yemmugen s wuzzan ad fnunt s uzray n waked.

== Tuget deg ugama == 

== Tukksa d tiddi tazwarant ==

== Afaris==

== Iylanen ifiziken ==


== Uzzal deg tfekka, učči d tezmert ==

== Asemdu deg twennaṭ d usexdem ==

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:imɣuzen]]
[[Taggayt:aferdis akruran]]</text>
      <sha1>d9v4jpwgp3t1t7ai5a2drqclawmjp1f</sha1>
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'''Uzzal''' d [[aferdis akruran|uferdis akruran]], [[azamul akruran|uzamul-is]] (Fe). [[Uṭṭun abelkim|Uṭṭun-is abelkam]] 26. Yeṭṭafar [[Amegganu n tfelwit tawalant|amegganu awalan D]], akken i d-izga ɣef yixef n [[iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8]] di [[tafelwit tawalant |tfelwit tawalant]]. Yettusismel d yiwen seg [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]]. Imi [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen|yella s tuget]] deg [[tagnit|umtiweg n tegnit]] s wazal n 32.1%, yezga-d deg usmil amezwar gar iferdisen s usekti ɣer [[tirẓi takurant-ines]], deg wakud anda i d-izga deg usmil wisn kuẓ deg [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen di tferkit n tegnit]].

== Amezruy ==
War tarurda, uzzal d yiwen seg [[aferdis|yiferdisen]] imezwura i yessexdem wemdan deg [[taɣerma|tɣermiwin]] yemgaraden, acku llan yinzan seg tmehlin n [[tawaɣza|twaɣza]] deg yideggan yemgaraden n umaḍal sbeyyinen-tt-d aya. Ɣas akken tiweɣziwin ayi drus-it s wassaɣ ɣer tweɣziwin n [[azureɣ|uzureɣ]] neɣ ɣer tweɣziwin yemmugen s [[azara ahaggaṛ|yizaran ihaggaṛen]] am [[ureɣ]] d [[aẓref|uẓref]]. Ahat acku uzzal ur yettwasxdem ara s tuget deg talliyin tiqdimin n umezruy, neɣ acku uzzal [[amyečči|yettwaččay]] deg unzwu agrawi. Daya i yeǧǧan tuget n tsiway (tipyasin) yemmugen s wuzzan ad fnunt s uzray n waked.

== Tuget deg ugama == 

== Tukksa d tiddi tazwarant ==

== Afaris==

== Iylanen ifiziken ==


== Uzzal deg tfekka, učči d tezmert ==

== Asemdu deg twennaṭ d usexdem ==

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:imɣuzen]]
[[Taggayt:aferdis akruran]]</text>
      <sha1>5vvk756f2e1a9pyp2n1kzjmfzszf767</sha1>
    </revision>
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'''Uzzal''' d [[aferdis akruran|uferdis akruran]], [[azamul akruran|uzamul-is]] (Fe). [[Uṭṭun abelkim|Uṭṭun-is abelkam]] 26. Yeṭṭafar [[Amegganu n tfelwit tawalant|amegganu awalan D]], akken i d-izga ɣef yixef n [[iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8]] di [[tafelwit tawalant |tfelwit tawalant]]. Yettusismel d yiwen seg [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]]. Imi [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen|yella s tuget]] deg [[tagnit|umtiweg n tegnit]] s wazal n 32.1%, yezga-d deg usmil amezwar gar iferdisen s usekti ɣer [[tirẓi takurant|tirẓi-ines takurant]], deg wakud anda i d-izga deg usmil wisn kuẓ deg [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen di tferkit n tegnit]].

== Amezruy ==
War tarurda, uzzal d yiwen seg [[aferdis|yiferdisen]] imezwura i yessexdem wemdan deg [[taɣerma|tɣermiwin]] yemgaraden, acku llan yinzan seg tmehlin n [[tawaɣza|twaɣza]] deg yideggan yemgaraden n umaḍal sbeyyinen-tt-d aya. Ɣas akken tiweɣziwin ayi drus-it s wassaɣ ɣer tweɣziwin n [[azureɣ|uzureɣ]] neɣ ɣer tweɣziwin yemmugen s [[azara ahaggaṛ|yizaran ihaggaṛen]] am [[ureɣ]] d [[aẓref|uẓref]]. Ahat acku uzzal ur yettwasxdem ara s tuget deg talliyin tiqdimin n umezruy, neɣ acku uzzal [[amyečči|yettwaččay]] deg unzwu agrawi. Daya i yeǧǧan tuget n tsiway (tipyasin) yemmugen s wuzzan ad fnunt s uzray n waked.

== Tuget deg ugama == 

== Tukksa d tiddi tazwarant ==

== Afaris==

== Iylanen ifiziken ==


== Uzzal deg tfekka, učči d tezmert ==

== Asemdu deg twennaṭ d usexdem ==

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:imɣuzen]]
[[Taggayt:aferdis akruran]]</text>
      <sha1>oohy5t1ije7mxf93n9lxaz2t1axl8va</sha1>
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'''Uzzal''' d [[aferdis akruran|uferdis akruran]], [[azamul akruran|uzamul-is]] (Fe). [[Uṭṭun abelkim|Uṭṭun-is abelkam]] 26. Yeṭṭafar [[Amegganu n tfelwit tawalant|amegganu awalan D]], akken i d-izga ɣef yixef n [[iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8]] di [[tafelwit tawalant |tfelwit tawalant]]. Yettusismel d yiwen seg [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]]. Imi [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen|yella s tuget]] deg [[tagnit|umtiweg n tegnit]] s wazal n 32.1%, yezga-d deg usmil amezwar gar iferdisen s usekti ɣer [[tirẓi takurant|tirẓi]]-ines [[takrura|takurant]], deg wakud anda i d-izga deg usmil wisn kuẓ deg [[tuget n iferdisen ikruranen di tferkit n tegnit]].

== Amezruy ==
War tarurda, uzzal d yiwen seg [[aferdis|yiferdisen]] imezwura i yessexdem wemdan deg [[taɣerma|tɣermiwin]] yemgaraden, acku llan yinzan seg tmehlin n [[tawaɣza|twaɣza]] deg yideggan yemgaraden n umaḍal sbeyyinen-tt-d aya. Ɣas akken tiweɣziwin ayi drus-it s wassaɣ ɣer tweɣziwin n [[azureɣ|uzureɣ]] neɣ ɣer tweɣziwin yemmugen s [[azara ahaggaṛ|yizaran ihaggaṛen]] am [[ureɣ]] d [[aẓref|uẓref]]. Ahat acku uzzal ur yettwasxdem ara s tuget deg talliyin tiqdimin n umezruy, neɣ acku uzzal [[amyečči|yettwaččay]] deg unzwu agrawi. Daya i yeǧǧan tuget n tsiway (tipyasin) yemmugen s wuzzan ad fnunt s uzray n waked.

== Tuget deg ugama == 

== Tukksa d tiddi tazwarant ==

== Afaris==

== Iylanen ifiziken ==


== Uzzal deg tfekka, učči d tezmert ==

== Asemdu deg twennaṭ d usexdem ==

== Imniren ==
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[[Tugna:Cypress.JPG|thumb|Cupressus sempervirens - Tiddi]]

*Isem-is s latinit: Cupressus sempervirens
*Isem-is s tefransist: Cyprès commun
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s teqbaylit:
*Ismawen-is nniḍen s tmaziɣt: 

== Isseqdac ==
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== Isseqdac ==
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== Isseqdac ==
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Tiddi tagraklant neɣ '''Timerwelt'''  ([[Isem usnan]]: '''Cupressus sempervirens''') d [[talmest]] n [[imɣi|yimɣan]] yeṭṭafaren [[twacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[Tiddiwin|teddiwin]].

== Isseqdac ==
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Tiddi tagraklant neɣ '''Timerwelt'''  ([[Isem usnan]]: '''Cupressus sempervirens''') d [[talmest]] n [[imɣi|yimɣan]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[Tiddiwin (tawacult)|teddiwin]].

== Isseqdac ==
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'''Tiddi tagraklant''' neɣ '''Timerwelt'''  ([[Isem usnan]]: '''Cupressus sempervirens''') d [[talmest]] n [[imɣi|yimɣan]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[Tiddiwin (tawacult)|teddiwin]].

== Isseqdac ==
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  <page>
    <title>Tagnit (Amtiweg)</title>
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'''Tagnit''' neɣ '''Akal'''  ([[Izumal n yimtiwgen|azamul-is]]: [[file:Earth symbol (bold).svg|16px|🜨]]) d [[itrikli|amtiweg]] wis 3 deg wuggug ɣef [[tafukt|tafukt]] ([[tafukt|iṭij]]) deg [[udus anafuk|unagraw anafuk]] (seld n [[aziweɣ (amtiweg)|uziweɣ]] d [[tatrit|tetrit]]), akken i tga seg [[amtiweg anamur|yimtiwgen inakalen]] meqqren yakk. Tagnit d amtiweg wis 5 deg tjumma gar n imtiwgen n unagraw anafuk&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web |Akala= https://sotor.com/imtiwgen-n-wudus-anafuk-s-unect-n-tjumma/ |Azwel=Imtiwgen n wudus anafuk s unect n tjumma |Azemz n tuwwṭa=25 meɣres 2020 |Anefsar=Ansa n Sotor|Akala n ufaylu= https://web.archive.org/web/20200325212333/https://sotor.com/imtiwgen-n-wudus-anafuk-s-unect-n-tjumma/|Azemz n ufaylu=2020-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; seg [[akdu|wekdu-ines]] d [[takura|takura-ines]] d [[tineẓẓi|tneẓẓi-ines]].

Tagnit d tamezduɣt i waṭas n [[Talmest|telmas]] n [[Amuddir|imuddiren]] am wemdan d [[aɣersiw|iɣersiwen]], anda i tga d adeg amyiwen deg [[asedday|usedday]] yettwassnen s tilin n [[tudert]] deg-s, temmug-d send (uqbel) n [[addar n tegnit|4,54 n imelyaṛen]] n iseggasen,&lt;ref name=&quot;age_earth1&quot;&gt;{{Tanagit s wedlis
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;age_earth2&quot;&gt;{{Tanagit s web}}&lt;/ref&gt;Maca tudert deg tegnit tban-d deg umelyaṛ n iseggasen-a ineggura. Seg yimar-mni, [[tignudert]] tegla-d s ubeddel deg [[tignut tinegnit]] d tfadiwin deg-s, ayen yeǧǧan imuddiren yettidiren s [[Uksijin|weksijin]] ad nnernin w ad temmag [[tissi n wuẓun]] ixeddmen yakk d [[iger adekran|yiger adekran]] n tegnit i twaffra n izenzaren ibumzelgen (yeṭṭurrayen).

Tiskanin tisengamin n tegnit d [[timezzit|tmezzit tasengamt]] timezgit deg wanda i tetezzi ɣef [[tafukt|tfukt]] ǧǧant tudert ad tenfufed w ad tesmed (ad tkemmel) deg-s alammi d ass-a, Akken i ttɣilen imusnawen d akken ad ternu ad tesmed i 1,2 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen niden. Sin akin tafat n [[tafukt|tfukt]] yettnernin ad tečč w ad tfakk [[tignudert]]-is acku [[taẓɣelt]] n tfukt ad tali deg yimal w ad ternu ad timɣuṛ alamma tuɣal d [[acafcal azeggaɣ]] w ad yiweṭ [[akdu|wekdu-ines]] alamma d tmezzit n tegnit&lt;br/&gt;
Ttidiren ugar n 7,7 n imelyaṛen n yimdanen deg tegnit&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web |Akala=http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/|Azwel=World Population Clock: 7.7 Billion People (2019) - Worldometers|Tansa=www.worldometers.info|Tutlayt=en|Azemz n tuwwṭa=2019-04-27| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20190826181141/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ | Azemz n ufaylu = 26 ɣuct 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Tiɣbula n tegnit yemgaraden xeddment i wakken ad ǧǧen tilin n teɣreft meqqren n yimdanen ibeṭṭun amadal gugar-asen, imdanen-a ẓẓunin (ferqen) ɣef [[Umuɣ n tmura|200 n tmura]] timzirgin. Akken ig snefli wemdan aṭas n [[timetti|tmettiyin]] d [[Taɣerma|tɣermawin]] d [[idles|yedlisen]] yemgaraden.

== Asileɣ n tegnit d tsuddest-is ==
{{Main|Tussniwin n tegnit}}
Tagnit tettumeggez d [[amtiweg anamur]], ayen yennumken d akken tga d [[tafekka tagnnawt|tafekka]] n weẓru, mači d [[acafcal n ugaz]] meqqren am [[Yebter]]. Akken i tettumeggez daɣen d amtiweg meqqren yakk deg tegrawt n yimtiwgen inamuren yellan deg wudus anafuk ama deg tkura neɣ deg [[Ableɣ|ubleɣ]]. S tmerniwt ɣer wannect-a yakk, Tagnit yemgarad ɣef yimtiwgen inamuren niden deg teflel n weswir n [[tineẓẓi|tneẓẓi]] yakk d [[Taldayt|teldayt]] deg tjumma-ines yakk d [[iger adekran|yiger adekran]] ussis yakk d tuzzya tarurdant.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web| https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/HotTopics/index.php?/archives/147-Names-for-the-Columbia-astronauts-provisionally-approved.html| = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; war tutut d akken tagnit tga d amtiweg amyiwen deg wanda illant tiflin titktuniyin turmidin

=== Talɣa n tegnit ===
Talɣa n tegnit d tin yudsen nezzeh ɣer telɣa takernebnayt timlebbeṭ, acku tga d tafekka timlebbeṭ deg snat n tzeglin n ugafa d unẓul yerna d amezderdam deg [[asebges|usebges]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web
| amaskar=Milbert, D. G.; Smith, D. A.
| akala = https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/gislis96.html
| azwel = Converting GPS Height into NAVD88 Elevation with the GEOID96 Geoid Height Model
| Anefsar = National Geodetic Survey, NOAA 
| Azemz n tuwwṭa = 2007-03-07| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20180916154531/https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/gislis96.html | Azemz n ufaylu = 16 ctember 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Azderdem-a igellu-d s tuzzya n tegnit akken i d-yettilin d asrag (ssebba) d akken [[akdu]] n tegnit deg usebges yugar akdu-ines deg tzeglin s wazal n 43 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;ngdc2006&quot;&gt;{{Tanagit s web
| Amaskar=Sandwell, D. T.; Smith, W. H. F.
| Azemz = 2006-07-07
| Akala =https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/predicted/explore.HTML
| Azwel =Exploring the Ocean Basins with Satellite Altimeter Data
| Anefsar = NOAA/NGDC | Azemz n tuwwṭa = 2007-04-21| Akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20170624152922/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/predicted/explore.HTML | Azemz n ufaylu = 24 yunyu 2017 | Assaɣ yerrẓen = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; akken i d-ittili isig n wekdu n tfekka tamezzayt amniran s wazal n 12,742 km, ayen yegdan 40,000 km/[[Bay ?!??|TT]] amda yiwen n [[amiter|umiter]] yella yegda 1/10.000.000 seg umaccaq i d-izgan seg usebges alamma d [[tizgelt n ugafa]] s tukkit seg temdint n [[Paris]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web
| amaskar=Mohr, P.J.; Taylor, B.N.
| ayyur=October | aseggas=2000
| akaka=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/meter.html
| azwel=Unit of length (meter)
| amahil=NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
| Anefsar=NIST Physics Laboratory
| Azemz n tuwwṭa=2007-04-23| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20190503014307/https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/meter.html | Azemz n ufaylu = 3 mayyu 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Tugna:4_Terrestrial_Planets_Size_Comp_True_Color.png|thumb|center|upright=1.5|Aserwes gar n ubleɣ n imtiwgen igensayen (seg tama tazelmaṭ ɣer tayeffust): [[Aziweɣ (amtiweg)|Aziweɣ]], [[Tatrit (amtiweg)|Tatrit]], Tagnit, [[imzuyeɣ|Mezweɣ]].]]

Yessefk ad yettwabdar d akken [[asgertel]] adigan yemgarad ɣef talɣa ayi timezzit taneblalt, ɣas akken imgaraden-a d wid fsusen deg tɣult takemdalit, anda isig n ucali n tegnit ɣur-s amur seg 584, neɣ 0.17% n tfekka tamezzayt tamnirant, dɣa tga d afimidi yellan s ddaw n 0,22% seg ufimidi n ucali yettilin gar n tuzziwin n ubilyardu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web | amaskar=Staff | ayyur = November | Aseggas = 2001 | akala = https://www.wpa-pool.com/index.asp?content=rules_spec | azwel = WPA Tournament Table &amp; Equipment Specifications | Anefsar = World Pool-Billiards Association | Azemz n tuwwṭa = 2007-03-10| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20110218145007/http://wpa-pool.com/index.asp?content=rules_spec | Azemz n ufaylu = 18 fuṛaṛ 2011 | Assaɣ yerrẓen = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Isigen imeqranen idiganen n ucali d wenfal deg tjumma taneẓrut n tegnit ttwagensen deg [[Adrar n Everest|wudrar n Everest]] yeflalen s wazal n 8,848 m sufel n tjumma n yilel yakk deg [[aɣzu n Mariana|weɣzu n Mariana]] yudren s wazal n 10,911 m s ddaw n tjumma n yilel. Yirna s usrag n uzderdem n [[tiṭṭ n tfukt]] deg [[asebges|usebges]], Adrar n [[Adrarn Chimborazo|Chimborazo]] yellan di tmurt n [[Ecuador]] yettumeggez d azag yaggugen yakk ɣef wammas n tegnit.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:left;clear:right;margin:0 1em 0em 0;&quot;
|+Tafekwit n Clarke i yuksiden i d-ssegbaren [[Tiferkit (tasnakalt)|tiferkit tinegnit]]
!Uddis
!Taftart
!Tasuddest
|-
| [[Asinuksid n usiliku|Silika]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|59.71 %
|-
| [[Alumin]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|15.41 %
|-
| [[Uksid n ukalsium|Alus]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|CaO
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|4.90 %
|-
| [[Magnisium]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|MgO
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|4.36 %
|-
| [[Uksid n sudium]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|3.55 %
|-
| [[Uksid wuzzal II]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|FeO
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|3.52 %
|-
| Uksid n uputasium
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|2.80 %
|-
| [[Uksid wuzzal III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|2.63 %
|-
| [[Aman]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|1.52 %
|-
| [[Asinuksid n utitanium]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|0.60 %
|-
| [[Asmuksid n ufusfuṛ]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|0.22 %
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Uɣrid
! style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|99.22 %
|}

=== Asileɣ akruran n tegnit ===
[[Takura]] n tegnit [[azul|tuzen]] azal n 5.98{{*10^|24}} kg, amur ameqran deg-s igber [[uzzal|wuzzal]] (32.1%) d [[Uksijin|weksijin]] (30,1%) d [[Silikun]] (15,1%) d [[magnisium|umegnisium]] (13,9%) d [[akebri|ukebri]] (2,9%) d [[Nikel|unikel]] (1,8%) d [[Kalsium|ukalsium]] (1,5%) d [[Aliminium|walimenium]] (1,4%). Ma d ayen i d-igran (1,2%) gan d tismektiwen drusen seg yiferdisen niden. Deg wakud anda iferdisen iẓayanen ttwaleddyen (ttwajbaden) ɣer wammas, iferdisen ifsusen ttagugen ɣef wammas.&lt;br/&gt;
Kra n imusnawen ttɣilen d akken uzzal iga d asger agejdan i uzadur n tegnit, anda afimidi-ines yettawaṭ ɣer 88,8% yakk d kra n tesmektiwin n unikel (5,8%) yakk d [[akebri|ukebri]] (4,5%) d ddaw n 1% n iferdisen niden.

Amusnaw n [[takrura|tekrura]] ''Frank Wigglesworth Clark'' yessegza-d d akken ugar n 47% n [[tiferkit (tasnakalt)|tiferkit tinegnit]] tegber seg [[Uksijin|weksijin]]. Ma d isegra ineẓruyen s wacu i tegber tferkit yakk igan d imezdiyen s tuget ttumeggzen d uksiden, ma yella d akluṛ, d afluṛ yekk d ukebri ttumeggzen d iferdisen ixataren, Dɣa tasmekta tuɣridt deg-s deg yal azṛu tesgensis-d ddaw n 1% s waṭas. Anecta yedda deg-s uksiden igejdanen ɣef usiliku d waluminya d uksiden n wuzzal d walus d umagnisium d uputasium d suda</text>
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      <text bytes="9973" sha1="i7578xku8lxi80ucpiyebv07qdxh07o" xml:space="preserve">{{Asfer n umtiweg|symbol=Earth symbol (bold).svg}}
'''Tagnit''' neɣ '''Akal'''  ([[Izumal n yimtiwgen|azamul-is]]: [[file:Earth symbol (bold).svg|16px|🜨]]) d [[itrikli|amtiweg]] wis 3 deg wuggug ɣef [[tafukt|tfukt]] (iṭij) deg [[udus anafuk|unagraw anafuk]] (seld n [[aziweɣ (amtiweg)|uziweɣ]] d [[tatrit|tetrit]]), akken i tga seg [[amtiweg anamur|yimtiwgen inakalen]] meqqren yakk. Tagnit d amtiweg wis 5 deg tjumma gar n imtiwgen n unagraw anafuk&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web |Akala= https://sotor.com/imtiwgen-n-wudus-anafuk-s-unect-n-tjumma/ |Azwel=Imtiwgen n wudus anafuk s unect n tjumma |Azemz n tuwwṭa=25 meɣres 2020 |Anefsar=Ansa n Sotor|Akala n ufaylu= https://web.archive.org/web/20200325212333/https://sotor.com/imtiwgen-n-wudus-anafuk-s-unect-n-tjumma/|Azemz n ufaylu=2020-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; seg [[akdu|wekdu]]-ines d [[takura|tkura]]-ines d [[tineẓẓi|tneẓẓi]]-ines.

Tagnit d tamezduɣt i waṭas n [[Talmest|telmas]] n [[Amuddir|imuddiren]] am wemdan d [[aɣersiw|iɣersiwen]], anda i tga d adeg amyiwen deg [[asedday|usedday]] yettwassnen s tilin n [[tudert]] deg-s, temmug-d send (uqbel) n [[addar n tegnit|4,54 n imelyaṛen]] n iseggasen,&lt;ref name=&quot;age_earth1&quot;&gt;{{Tanagit s wedlis
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;age_earth2&quot;&gt;{{Tanagit s web}}&lt;/ref&gt;Maca tudert deg tegnit tban-d deg umelyaṛ n iseggasen-a ineggura. Seg yimar-mni, [[tignudert]] tegla-d s ubeddel deg [[tignut tinegnit]] d tfadiwin deg-s, ayen yeǧǧan imuddiren yettidiren s [[Uksijin|weksijin]] ad nnernin w ad temmag [[tissi n wuẓun]] ixeddmen yakk d [[iger adekran|yiger adekran]] n tegnit i twaffra n izenzaren ibumzelgen (yeṭṭurrayen).

Tiskanin tisengamin n tegnit d [[timezzit|tmezzit tasengamt]] timezgit deg wanda i tetezzi ɣef [[tafukt|tfukt]] ǧǧant tudert ad tenfufed w ad tesmed (ad tkemmel) deg-s alammi d ass-a, Akken i ttɣilen imusnawen d akken ad ternu ad tesmed i 1,2 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen niden. Sin akin tafat n [[tafukt|tfukt]] yettnernin ad tečč w ad tfakk [[tignudert]]-is acku [[taẓɣelt]] n tfukt ad tali deg yimal w ad ternu ad timɣuṛ alamma tuɣal d [[acafcal azeggaɣ]] w ad yiweṭ [[akdu|wekdu-ines]] alamma d tmezzit n tegnit&lt;br/&gt;
Ttidiren ugar n 7,7 n imelyaṛen n yimdanen deg tegnit&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web |Akala=http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/|Azwel=World Population Clock: 7.7 Billion People (2019) - Worldometers|Tansa=www.worldometers.info|Tutlayt=en|Azemz n tuwwṭa=2019-04-27| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20190826181141/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ | Azemz n ufaylu = 26 ɣuct 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Tiɣbula n tegnit yemgaraden xeddment i wakken ad ǧǧen tilin n teɣreft meqqren n yimdanen ibeṭṭun amadal gugar-asen, imdanen-a ẓẓunin (ferqen) ɣef [[Umuɣ n tmura|200 n tmura]] timzirgin. Akken ig snefli wemdan aṭas n [[timetti|tmettiyin]] d [[Taɣerma|tɣermawin]] d [[idles|yedlisen]] yemgaraden.

== Asileɣ n tegnit d tsuddest-is ==
{{Main|Tussniwin n tegnit}}
Tagnit tettumeggez d [[amtiweg anamur]], ayen yennumken d akken tga d [[tafekka tagnnawt|tafekka]] n weẓru, mači d [[acafcal n ugaz]] meqqren am [[Yebter]]. Akken i tettumeggez daɣen d amtiweg meqqren yakk deg tegrawt n yimtiwgen inamuren yellan deg wudus anafuk ama deg tkura neɣ deg [[Ableɣ|ubleɣ]]. S tmerniwt ɣer wannect-a yakk, Tagnit yemgarad ɣef yimtiwgen inamuren niden deg teflel n weswir n [[tineẓẓi|tneẓẓi]] yakk d [[Taldayt|teldayt]] deg tjumma-ines yakk d [[iger adekran|yiger adekran]] ussis yakk d tuzzya tarurdant.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web| https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/HotTopics/index.php?/archives/147-Names-for-the-Columbia-astronauts-provisionally-approved.html| = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; war tutut d akken tagnit tga d amtiweg amyiwen deg wanda illant tiflin titktuniyin turmidin

=== Talɣa n tegnit ===
Talɣa n tegnit d tin yudsen nezzeh ɣer telɣa takernebnayt timlebbeṭ, acku tga d tafekka timlebbeṭ deg snat n tzeglin n ugafa d unẓul yerna d amezderdam deg [[asebges|usebges]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web
| amaskar=Milbert, D. G.; Smith, D. A.
| akala = https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/gislis96.html
| azwel = Converting GPS Height into NAVD88 Elevation with the GEOID96 Geoid Height Model
| Anefsar = National Geodetic Survey, NOAA 
| Azemz n tuwwṭa = 2007-03-07| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20180916154531/https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/gislis96.html | Azemz n ufaylu = 16 ctember 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Azderdem-a igellu-d s tuzzya n tegnit akken i d-yettilin d asrag (ssebba) d akken [[akdu]] n tegnit deg usebges yugar akdu-ines deg tzeglin s wazal n 43 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;ngdc2006&quot;&gt;{{Tanagit s web
| Amaskar=Sandwell, D. T.; Smith, W. H. F.
| Azemz = 2006-07-07
| Akala =https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/predicted/explore.HTML
| Azwel =Exploring the Ocean Basins with Satellite Altimeter Data
| Anefsar = NOAA/NGDC | Azemz n tuwwṭa = 2007-04-21| Akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20170624152922/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/predicted/explore.HTML | Azemz n ufaylu = 24 yunyu 2017 | Assaɣ yerrẓen = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; akken i d-ittili isig n wekdu n tfekka tamezzayt amniran s wazal n 12,742 km, ayen yegdan 40,000 km/[[Bay ?!??|TT]] amda yiwen n [[amiter|umiter]] yella yegda 1/10.000.000 seg umaccaq i d-izgan seg usebges alamma d [[tizgelt n ugafa]] s tukkit seg temdint n [[Paris]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web
| amaskar=Mohr, P.J.; Taylor, B.N.
| ayyur=October | aseggas=2000
| akaka=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/meter.html
| azwel=Unit of length (meter)
| amahil=NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
| Anefsar=NIST Physics Laboratory
| Azemz n tuwwṭa=2007-04-23| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20190503014307/https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/meter.html | Azemz n ufaylu = 3 mayyu 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Tugna:4_Terrestrial_Planets_Size_Comp_True_Color.png|thumb|center|upright=1.5|Aserwes gar n ubleɣ n imtiwgen igensayen (seg tama tazelmaṭ ɣer tayeffust): [[Aziweɣ (amtiweg)|Aziweɣ]], [[Tatrit (amtiweg)|Tatrit]], Tagnit, [[imzuyeɣ|Mezweɣ]].]]

Yessefk ad yettwabdar d akken [[asgertel]] adigan yemgarad ɣef talɣa ayi timezzit taneblalt, ɣas akken imgaraden-a d wid fsusen deg tɣult takemdalit, anda isig n ucali n tegnit ɣur-s amur seg 584, neɣ 0.17% n tfekka tamezzayt tamnirant, dɣa tga d afimidi yellan s ddaw n 0,22% seg ufimidi n ucali yettilin gar n tuzziwin n ubilyardu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web | amaskar=Staff | ayyur = November | Aseggas = 2001 | akala = https://www.wpa-pool.com/index.asp?content=rules_spec | azwel = WPA Tournament Table &amp; Equipment Specifications | Anefsar = World Pool-Billiards Association | Azemz n tuwwṭa = 2007-03-10| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20110218145007/http://wpa-pool.com/index.asp?content=rules_spec | Azemz n ufaylu = 18 fuṛaṛ 2011 | Assaɣ yerrẓen = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Isigen imeqranen idiganen n ucali d wenfal deg tjumma taneẓrut n tegnit ttwagensen deg [[Adrar n Everest|wudrar n Everest]] yeflalen s wazal n 8,848 m sufel n tjumma n yilel yakk deg [[aɣzu n Mariana|weɣzu n Mariana]] yudren s wazal n 10,911 m s ddaw n tjumma n yilel. Yirna s usrag n uzderdem n [[tiṭṭ n tfukt]] deg [[asebges|usebges]], Adrar n [[Adrarn Chimborazo|Chimborazo]] yellan di tmurt n [[Ecuador]] yettumeggez d azag yaggugen yakk ɣef wammas n tegnit.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:left;clear:right;margin:0 1em 0em 0;&quot;
|+Tafekwit n Clarke i yuksiden i d-ssegbaren [[Tiferkit (tasnakalt)|tiferkit tinegnit]]
!Uddis
!Taftart
!Tasuddest
|-
| [[Asinuksid n usiliku|Silika]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|59.71 %
|-
| [[Alumin]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|15.41 %
|-
| [[Uksid n ukalsium|Alus]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|CaO
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|4.90 %
|-
| [[Magnisium]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|MgO
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|4.36 %
|-
| [[Uksid n sudium]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|3.55 %
|-
| [[Uksid wuzzal II]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|FeO
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|3.52 %
|-
| Uksid n uputasium
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|2.80 %
|-
| [[Uksid wuzzal III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|2.63 %
|-
| [[Aman]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|1.52 %
|-
| [[Asinuksid n utitanium]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|0.60 %
|-
| [[Asmuksid n ufusfuṛ]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|0.22 %
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Uɣrid
! style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|99.22 %
|}

=== Asileɣ akruran n tegnit ===
[[Takura]] n tegnit [[azul|tuzen]] azal n 5.98{{*10^|24}} kg, amur ameqran deg-s igber [[uzzal|wuzzal]] (32.1%) d [[Uksijin|weksijin]] (30,1%) d [[Silikun]] (15,1%) d [[magnisium|umegnisium]] (13,9%) d [[akebri|ukebri]] (2,9%) d [[Nikel|unikel]] (1,8%) d [[Kalsium|ukalsium]] (1,5%) d [[Aliminium|walimenium]] (1,4%). Ma d ayen i d-igran (1,2%) gan d tismektiwen drusen seg yiferdisen niden. Deg wakud anda iferdisen iẓayanen ttwaleddyen (ttwajbaden) ɣer wammas, iferdisen ifsusen ttagugen ɣef wammas.&lt;br/&gt;
Kra n imusnawen ttɣilen d akken uzzal iga d asger agejdan i uzadur n tegnit, anda afimidi-ines yettawaṭ ɣer 88,8% yakk d kra n tesmektiwin n unikel (5,8%) yakk d [[akebri|ukebri]] (4,5%) d ddaw n 1% n iferdisen niden.

Amusnaw n [[takrura|tekrura]] ''Frank Wigglesworth Clark'' yessegza-d d akken ugar n 47% n [[tiferkit (tasnakalt)|tiferkit tinegnit]] tegber seg [[Uksijin|weksijin]]. Ma d isegra ineẓruyen s wacu i tegber tferkit yakk igan d imezdiyen s tuget ttumeggzen d uksiden, ma yella d akluṛ, d afluṛ yekk d ukebri ttumeggzen d iferdisen ixataren, Dɣa tasmekta tuɣridt deg-s deg yal azṛu tesgensis-d ddaw n 1% s waṭas. Anecta yedda deg-s uksiden igejdanen ɣef usiliku d waluminya d uksiden n wuzzal d walus d umagnisium d uputasium d suda</text>
      <sha1>i7578xku8lxi80ucpiyebv07qdxh07o</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>115704</id>
      <parentid>115703</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T15:56:44Z</timestamp>
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        <id>16203</id>
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      <text bytes="9972" sha1="a89aq150v2ycz9itp840fxb6h5vxf4a" xml:space="preserve">{{Asfer n umtiweg|symbol=Earth symbol (bold).svg}}
'''Tagnit''' neɣ '''Akal'''  ([[Izumal n yimtiwgen|azamul-is]]: [[file:Earth symbol (bold).svg|16px|🜨]]) d [[itrikli|amtiweg]] wis 3 deg wuggug ɣef [[tafukt|tfukt]] (iṭij) deg [[udus anafuk|unagraw anafuk]] (seld n [[aziweɣ (amtiweg)|uziweɣ]] d [[tatrit|tetrit]]), akken i tga seg [[amtiweg anamur|yimtiwgen inakalen]] meqqren yakk. Tagnit d amtiweg wis 5 deg tjumma gar n imtiwgen n unagraw anafuk&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web |Akala= https://sotor.com/imtiwgen-n-wudus-anafuk-s-unect-n-tjumma/ |Azwel=Imtiwgen n wudus anafuk s unect n tjumma |Azemz n tuwwṭa=25 meɣres 2020 |Anefsar=Ansa n Sotor|Akala n ufaylu= https://web.archive.org/web/20200325212333/https://sotor.com/imtiwgen-n-wudus-anafuk-s-unect-n-tjumma/|Azemz n ufaylu=2020-03-25}}&lt;/ref&gt; seg [[akdu|wekdu]]-ines d [[takura|tkura]]-ines d [[tineẓẓi|tneẓẓi]]-ines.

Tagnit d tamezduɣt i waṭas n [[Talmest|telmas]] n [[Amuddir|imuddiren]] am wemdan d [[aɣersiw|iɣersiwen]], anda i tga d adeg amyiwen deg [[asedday|usedday]] yettwassnen s tilin n [[tudert]] deg-s, temmug-d send (uqbel) n [[addar n tegnit|4,54 n imelyaṛen]] n iseggasen,&lt;ref name=&quot;age_earth1&quot;&gt;{{Tanagit s wedlis
}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;age_earth2&quot;&gt;{{Tanagit s web}}&lt;/ref&gt;Maca tudert deg tegnit tban-d deg umelyaṛ n iseggasen-a ineggura. Seg yimar-mni, [[tignudert]] tegla-d s ubeddel deg [[tignut tinegnit]] d tfadiwin deg-s, ayen yeǧǧan imuddiren yettidiren s [[Uksijin|weksijin]] ad nnernin w ad temmag [[tissi n wuẓun]] ixeddmen yakk d [[iger adekran|yiger adekran]] n tegnit i twaffra n izenzaren ibumzelgen (yeṭṭurrayen).

Tiskanin tisengamin n tegnit d [[timezzit|tmezzit tasengamt]] timezgit deg wanda i tetezzi ɣef [[tafukt|tfukt]] ǧǧant tudert ad tenfufed w ad tesmed (ad tkemmel) deg-s alammi d ass-a, Akken i ttɣilen imusnawen d akken ad ternu ad tesmed i 1,2 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen niden. Sin akin tafat n [[tafukt|tfukt]] yettnernin ad tečč w ad tfakk [[tignudert]]-is acku [[taẓɣelt]] n tfukt ad tali deg yimal w ad ternu ad timɣuṛ alamma tuɣal d [[acafcal azeggaɣ]] w ad yiweṭ [[akdu|wekdu-ines]] alamma d tmezzit n tegnit.&lt;br/&gt;
Ttidiren ugar n 8 n imelyaṛen n yimdanen deg tegnit&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web |Akala=http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/|Azwel=World Population Clock: 7.7 Billion People (2019) - Worldometers|Tansa=www.worldometers.info|Tutlayt=en|Azemz n tuwwṭa=2019-04-27| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20190826181141/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ | Azemz n ufaylu = 26 ɣuct 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
Tiɣbula n tegnit yemgaraden xeddment i wakken ad ǧǧen tilin n teɣreft meqqren n yimdanen ibeṭṭun amadal gugar-asen, imdanen-a ẓẓunin (ferqen) ɣef [[Umuɣ n tmura|200 n tmura]] timzirgin. Akken ig snefli wemdan aṭas n [[timetti|tmettiyin]] d [[Taɣerma|tɣermawin]] d [[idles|yedlisen]] yemgaraden.

== Asileɣ n tegnit d tsuddest-is ==
{{Main|Tussniwin n tegnit}}
Tagnit tettumeggez d [[amtiweg anamur]], ayen yennumken d akken tga d [[tafekka tagnnawt|tafekka]] n weẓru, mači d [[acafcal n ugaz]] meqqren am [[Yebter]]. Akken i tettumeggez daɣen d amtiweg meqqren yakk deg tegrawt n yimtiwgen inamuren yellan deg wudus anafuk ama deg tkura neɣ deg [[Ableɣ|ubleɣ]]. S tmerniwt ɣer wannect-a yakk, Tagnit yemgarad ɣef yimtiwgen inamuren niden deg teflel n weswir n [[tineẓẓi|tneẓẓi]] yakk d [[Taldayt|teldayt]] deg tjumma-ines yakk d [[iger adekran|yiger adekran]] ussis yakk d tuzzya tarurdant.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web| https://astrogeology.usgs.gov/HotTopics/index.php?/archives/147-Names-for-the-Columbia-astronauts-provisionally-approved.html| = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; war tutut d akken tagnit tga d amtiweg amyiwen deg wanda illant tiflin titktuniyin turmidin

=== Talɣa n tegnit ===
Talɣa n tegnit d tin yudsen nezzeh ɣer telɣa takernebnayt timlebbeṭ, acku tga d tafekka timlebbeṭ deg snat n tzeglin n ugafa d unẓul yerna d amezderdam deg [[asebges|usebges]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web
| amaskar=Milbert, D. G.; Smith, D. A.
| akala = https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/gislis96.html
| azwel = Converting GPS Height into NAVD88 Elevation with the GEOID96 Geoid Height Model
| Anefsar = National Geodetic Survey, NOAA 
| Azemz n tuwwṭa = 2007-03-07| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20180916154531/https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/gislis96.html | Azemz n ufaylu = 16 ctember 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Azderdem-a igellu-d s tuzzya n tegnit akken i d-yettilin d asrag (ssebba) d akken [[akdu]] n tegnit deg usebges yugar akdu-ines deg tzeglin s wazal n 43 km.&lt;ref name=&quot;ngdc2006&quot;&gt;{{Tanagit s web
| Amaskar=Sandwell, D. T.; Smith, W. H. F.
| Azemz = 2006-07-07
| Akala =https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/predicted/explore.HTML
| Azwel =Exploring the Ocean Basins with Satellite Altimeter Data
| Anefsar = NOAA/NGDC | Azemz n tuwwṭa = 2007-04-21| Akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20170624152922/https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/bathymetry/predicted/explore.HTML | Azemz n ufaylu = 24 yunyu 2017 | Assaɣ yerrẓen = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; akken i d-ittili isig n wekdu n tfekka tamezzayt amniran s wazal n 12,742 km, ayen yegdan 40,000 km/[[Bay ?!??|TT]] amda yiwen n [[amiter|umiter]] yella yegda 1/10.000.000 seg umaccaq i d-izgan seg usebges alamma d [[tizgelt n ugafa]] s tukkit seg temdint n [[Paris]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web
| amaskar=Mohr, P.J.; Taylor, B.N.
| ayyur=October | aseggas=2000
| akaka=https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/meter.html
| azwel=Unit of length (meter)
| amahil=NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty
| Anefsar=NIST Physics Laboratory
| Azemz n tuwwṭa=2007-04-23| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20190503014307/https://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/meter.html | Azemz n ufaylu = 3 mayyu 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Tugna:4_Terrestrial_Planets_Size_Comp_True_Color.png|thumb|center|upright=1.5|Aserwes gar n ubleɣ n imtiwgen igensayen (seg tama tazelmaṭ ɣer tayeffust): [[Aziweɣ (amtiweg)|Aziweɣ]], [[Tatrit (amtiweg)|Tatrit]], Tagnit, [[imzuyeɣ|Mezweɣ]].]]

Yessefk ad yettwabdar d akken [[asgertel]] adigan yemgarad ɣef talɣa ayi timezzit taneblalt, ɣas akken imgaraden-a d wid fsusen deg tɣult takemdalit, anda isig n ucali n tegnit ɣur-s amur seg 584, neɣ 0.17% n tfekka tamezzayt tamnirant, dɣa tga d afimidi yellan s ddaw n 0,22% seg ufimidi n ucali yettilin gar n tuzziwin n ubilyardu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Tanagit s web | amaskar=Staff | ayyur = November | Aseggas = 2001 | akala = https://www.wpa-pool.com/index.asp?content=rules_spec | azwel = WPA Tournament Table &amp; Equipment Specifications | Anefsar = World Pool-Billiards Association | Azemz n tuwwṭa = 2007-03-10| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20110218145007/http://wpa-pool.com/index.asp?content=rules_spec | Azemz n ufaylu = 18 fuṛaṛ 2011 | Assaɣ yerrẓen = yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; Isigen imeqranen idiganen n ucali d wenfal deg tjumma taneẓrut n tegnit ttwagensen deg [[Adrar n Everest|wudrar n Everest]] yeflalen s wazal n 8,848 m sufel n tjumma n yilel yakk deg [[aɣzu n Mariana|weɣzu n Mariana]] yudren s wazal n 10,911 m s ddaw n tjumma n yilel. Yirna s usrag n uzderdem n [[tiṭṭ n tfukt]] deg [[asebges|usebges]], Adrar n [[Adrarn Chimborazo|Chimborazo]] yellan di tmurt n [[Ecuador]] yettumeggez d azag yaggugen yakk ɣef wammas n tegnit.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:left;clear:right;margin:0 1em 0em 0;&quot;
|+Tafekwit n Clarke i yuksiden i d-ssegbaren [[Tiferkit (tasnakalt)|tiferkit tinegnit]]
!Uddis
!Taftart
!Tasuddest
|-
| [[Asinuksid n usiliku|Silika]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|59.71 %
|-
| [[Alumin]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|15.41 %
|-
| [[Uksid n ukalsium|Alus]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|CaO
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|4.90 %
|-
| [[Magnisium]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|MgO
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|4.36 %
|-
| [[Uksid n sudium]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Na&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|3.55 %
|-
| [[Uksid wuzzal II]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|FeO
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|3.52 %
|-
| Uksid n uputasium
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|K&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|2.80 %
|-
| [[Uksid wuzzal III]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|Fe&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|2.63 %
|-
| [[Aman]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|1.52 %
|-
| [[Asinuksid n utitanium]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|0.60 %
|-
| [[Asmuksid n ufusfuṛ]]
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;|P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;
| style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|0.22 %
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot;|Uɣrid
! style=&quot;text-align:right&quot;|99.22 %
|}

=== Asileɣ akruran n tegnit ===
[[Takura]] n tegnit [[azul|tuzen]] azal n 5.98{{*10^|24}} kg, amur ameqran deg-s igber [[uzzal|wuzzal]] (32.1%) d [[Uksijin|weksijin]] (30,1%) d [[Silikun]] (15,1%) d [[magnisium|umegnisium]] (13,9%) d [[akebri|ukebri]] (2,9%) d [[Nikel|unikel]] (1,8%) d [[Kalsium|ukalsium]] (1,5%) d [[Aliminium|walimenium]] (1,4%). Ma d ayen i d-igran (1,2%) gan d tismektiwen drusen seg yiferdisen niden. Deg wakud anda iferdisen iẓayanen ttwaleddyen (ttwajbaden) ɣer wammas, iferdisen ifsusen ttagugen ɣef wammas.&lt;br/&gt;
Kra n imusnawen ttɣilen d akken uzzal iga d asger agejdan i uzadur n tegnit, anda afimidi-ines yettawaṭ ɣer 88,8% yakk d kra n tesmektiwin n unikel (5,8%) yakk d [[akebri|ukebri]] (4,5%) d ddaw n 1% n iferdisen niden.

Amusnaw n [[takrura|tekrura]] ''Frank Wigglesworth Clark'' yessegza-d d akken ugar n 47% n [[tiferkit (tasnakalt)|tiferkit tinegnit]] tegber seg [[Uksijin|weksijin]]. Ma d isegra ineẓruyen s wacu i tegber tferkit yakk igan d imezdiyen s tuget ttumeggzen d uksiden, ma yella d akluṛ, d afluṛ yekk d ukebri ttumeggzen d iferdisen ixataren, Dɣa tasmekta tuɣridt deg-s deg yal azṛu tesgensis-d ddaw n 1% s waṭas. Anecta yedda deg-s uksiden igejdanen ɣef usiliku d waluminya d uksiden n wuzzal d walus d umagnisium d uputasium d suda</text>
      <sha1>a89aq150v2ycz9itp840fxb6h5vxf4a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Asif n igenwan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-04-04T00:05:49Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
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      <text bytes="19444" sha1="2wr5slpdp0or79g85gmimexzpktus94" xml:space="preserve">'''Asif n igenwan''' (s [[Tutlayt tamaceɣt]]: '''ⵎⵂⵍⵍⴰⵡ''', s [[Tacelḥit|tcelḥit]]: '''Aɣaras n walim''') d [[amazellaw]] [[amazellaw agriwel|agriwel]] iteṭṭafar [[Tafukt|tfukt]] d [[tagnit|tegnit]] d [[itrikli|yimtiwgen]] niden n [[Udus anafuk|wudus anafuk]]. Amazellaw-a yegber seg imelyaṛen n [[itri|yitran]] (gar n 200 ɣer 400 n imelyaṛen n yitran) akken i ttenfufuden deg-s [[Asignew|isigniwen]] d icafcalen, d imeqqranen s waṭas yakk d igedṛuṛen d igazen deg yal ijifeṛ seg ijufaṛ-is. Deg [[iṭ|wuṭan]] imsullsen yesrawen (iṣfan) yettbin-d wasif n igenwan (aɣaras n walim) am akken d tadla n walim hrawen seg tafat n yitran-is, akken i d-ttmagen inkaren deg tadla-nni s usrag n tilin n isigniwen n ugedṛur d igazen iteffren tafat i d-ittaken seg yitran yellan deffir-nsen. &lt;ref name=&quot;Frommert&quot;&gt;
{{Tanagit s web
| Aneggar1 = Frommert
| amezwar1 = H.
| Aneggar2 = Kronberg
| Amezwar2 = C.
| Azemz = August 25, 2005
| Azwel = The Milky Way Galaxy
| akala = http://messier.seds.org/more/mw.html
| Anafsar = [[SEDS]]
| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20070512093341/http://seds.org/MESSIER/more/mw.html
| azemz n ufaylu = 12 May 2007
| Assaɣ yerrẓen = no
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
Talɣa n wasif n tegnawin d aglayan, Akdu-ines yettawaṭ seg 100.000 ɣer 180.000 n [[Afawatay|yifawatayen]] ma d tuzert-is azal n 1000 n ifawatayen s wakka ad tili d tagra tusdidt s waṭas. [[Tagnit]] tezga-d zdat n yiri n umazellaw-a anda itezzi [[udus anafuk|wudus anafuk]] ɣef [[Ammas n umazellaw|wammas n umazellaw]], dɣa tafukt taggug s wazal n 27,000 n ifawatayen ɣef wammas n umazellaw.&lt;br/&gt;
Ma iwula kra n wemdan ɣer igenni deg yiṭ ad iẓer amur seg umazellaw n wasif n igenwan amzun d tadla n yitran, anda imezdaɣ n wezgen agafan n [[tiṭṭ n tfukt]] ẓerrent-id ama deg [[anebdu|unebdu]] neɣ deg [[amwan|umwan]] neɣ deg [[tagrest|tegrest]], Ixef n aseflalay d tmeẓriwt tacraraqt yakk i umazellaw-a yettili-d deg taggara n unebdu d tazwara n umwan acku deg wakuden-a n useggas inezzeg (wasif n igenwan) seg [[tazdemt|tezdemt]] n [[tamesɣimt|tmesɣimt]] (''Cassiopeia'') alamma d [[sifus]] (''Cepheus'') deg ugafa seg wezgen asemran n igenni yakk seg tegrawt n yitran yettwassnen s [[akerdis n uwilen|ukerdis n uwilen]], sin akin ad yerdeb seg [[igli (tanzagt)|yigli]] ɣer [[Tagenzi (tasnetrit)|tgenzi]] yakk d [[tiɣirdemt (tasnetrit)|tɣirdemt]]. Isigniwen n tallunt teffren gar n ukerdis n uwilen d tgenzi yiwet n tjumma talemmast hrawen seg uɣaras n walim ayen i d-ittaǧǧan ittbin-d yegzen ɣer sin n wamuren, ma deg zdat n tgenzi d tɣirdemt yettili uɣaras n walim d aseflalay s waṭas acku d tanila-nni i d-immalen ammas n umazellaw. 

Asif n igenwan iga d aseflalay deg kra n tamiwin ugar n tamiwin niden. Anda tama i d-izzin i [[aẓiẓ wa iggadan|waẓiẓ wa iggadan]] (''Cygnus'') yettfejjij s waṭas, maca amur yehrawen s waṭas yerna iseflellayen s waṭas yezga-d deg unẓul ɣef [[imeẓli (tazdemt)|yimeẓli]] yerna yezmer wemdan ad tiẓer deg [[tallunt]] tagafant deg tmeddiyin n unebdu maca timeẓriwt tettili tefrar ugar deg tamiwin i d-izgan ɣer unẓul n [[Asebges|usebges]]

== Anulfu n wasif n igenwan ==
Imesnullanen settgen (ttaken lewhi) d akken asif n igenwan yennelfa-d send n wazal n 12-14 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, akken ittɣilen d akken [[amazellaw|amazellaw-a]] d win meẓẓiyen deg waddar s wassaɣ ɣer imazellawen niden yellan deg [[Asedday|usedday]], Aguccel n waddar-is yella-d s usemres n [[Tasnemdalɣisant|tesnemdalɣisant]].&lt;br/&gt;
Deg useggas n [[2007]] yettwasteg waddar n yiwen n yitri isem-is [[NGC 3199]] s wazal n 13,7 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, itri ayi izga-d deg wezɣar (beṛṛa) n umazellaw, yaggug ɣef [[tagnit|tegnit]] s 13.2 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, akken i yettumeggez d [[tafekka tagnnawt|tafekka tagennawt]] tamzikant (taqburt) imur-nni anda i d-issers tilisa tiddayin i waddar n wasif n igenwan.&lt;ref name=&quot;frebel&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | doi= 10.1086/518122 | id={{Afaylu XI|astro-ph|0703414}} | title= Discovery of HE 1523-0901, a Strongly ''r''-Process-enhanced Metal-poor Star with Detected Uranium | year= 2007 | author= Frebel, Anna | journal= The Astrophysical Journal | volume= 660 | pages= L117 | last2= Christlieb | first2= Norbert | last3= Norris | first3= John E. | last4= Thom | first4= Christopher | last5= Beers | first5= Timothy C. | last6= Rhee | first6= Jaehyon}}&lt;/ref&gt; yella-d uselken seg ustag-a s [[aktaylal|waktaylal]] n '''UV-Visual Echelle''' n [[Imseddasen imeqqranen|umseddas ameqqran]].&lt;ref name=&quot;frebel&quot;/&gt;
Astag n waddar n yitran i d-izgan deg tagra tamazallawt tusdidt yezmer ad yili s tarrayt yettemcabin i HE 1523-0901. Igemmuden n [[akat|wakaten]] llan deg tlisa n 8.8 ± 1.7 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen yezrin, anecta yessumur-d d akken kra n wenkar addar-is 5 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen yella dinna gar n tallit n  yisni d tagra tusdidt.&lt;ref name=&quot;del_Peloso&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053307 | bibcode= 2005A&amp;A...440.1153D | id={{Afaylu XI|astro-ph|0506458}} | title=The age of the Galactic thin disk from Th/Eu nucleocosmochronology | year=2005 | author=Del Peloso, E. F. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=440 | pages=1153}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== isegra n uɣaras n walim ==
[[Tugna:Milky Way Arms it.svg|270px|thumb|right|iɣallen n umazellaw d wadeg n [[tafukt|tfukt]], Tinliwin yemgaraden yeddan seg wadeg n tfukt mmalent-d [[Tazdemt|tigrawin titrawin]]. Akken i d-temmal talɣa-nni hiwet n tama ur ttwaẓran ara deg-s yitran s usrag n tneẓẓi n igedṛuren deg wammas n umazellaw.]]

[[Tugna:OrionSpur.png|270px|thumb|right|Talɣa n [[iɣil n umanar|yiɣil n umanar]] s unect n umagrad ussnan n kra n imusnawen yettwafsaren deg: {{cite journal|author|title=Spiral Structure in the Outer Galactic Disk. I. The Third Galactic Quadrant|url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...672..930V|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=672|issue=2|pages=930–939|year=2008|month=January|doi=10.1086/524003|akala n ufaylu= https://web.archive.org/web/20190830120244/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...672..930V|azemz n ufaylu=2019-08-30}}]]
[[Tugna:Via Láctea de perfil.jpg|thumb|left |280px|Tamudemt n umazellaw agriwel degs tagra, d nnig-s yakk s ddaw-as yella yisni igebren seg timsegrawin titrawin yettwazuzzren.]]

Aɣaras n walim yettumeggez d yisen seg [[amazellaw agriwel|imazellawen igriwlen]] imeqqranen. Ttezzi ɣef yiman-is yiwet n tuzzya yal 250 n imelyan n iseggasen, akken i tezzin degs yitran-is s urured yemgaraden anda itran yellan deg wammas-is i tezzin s urured d tazzla wala itran illan deg ijufaṛ-is akken daɣen i yella wemgarad deg rdusi n [[Taldayt|teldayt]] seg wadeg ɣer wayeṭ deg umazellaw s usrag n tmerniwt n tneẓẓi n yitran deg kra n tamiwin, anda ixeddmen isemda-nni deg tguri n yiɣallen igriwlen i umazellaw. [[Udus anafuk]] yezga-d deg yiwen seg yiɣalen-nni yettusemman [[iɣil n umanar]] i d-izgan deg wazal n sin n yikṛaden (⅔) n uzen-kdu n umazellaw. Akken iy gber umazellaw n uɣaras n walim seg waṭas n yiɣallen igriwlen niden i d-issentayen seg umazellaw sin akin ad negzen ɣer uzɣar (beṛṛa). Gar n yiɣallen yella [[iɣil n wemẓiw|yiɣil n wemẓiw]] (''Perseue arm'') igan d iɣil amaddas fellaɣ deg tama n ijifeṛ n umazellaw, yakk d [[Iɣil n imeẓli|Iɣil n imeẓli]] (''Sagittarius arm'') yudsen fellaɣ seg tama n wammas n umazellaw. Aɣaras n walim yegber daɣen seg waṭas n yiɣallen niden i d-izgan deg tagra n umazellaw, dɣa ttwasemman s yirem n iɣallen acku yal yiwen deg-sen yettak taɣara s [[tazdemt|tezdemt]] yettfeǧǧijen s waṭas deg-s. Amedya, [[iɣil n wemẓiw]] yettak taɣara s tezdemt n [[amẓiw (tazdemt)|wemẓiw]], ma d [[iɣil n imeẓli]] yettak taɣara s tezdemt n [[imeẓli (tazdemt)|imeẓli]], akken daɣen i yella [[iɣil n umanar|yiɣil n umanar]] igrbren [[Amanar|tazdemt n umanar]] deg wanda yella yiwen seg [[Asignew|yisigniwen]] yettwassnen yakk, isem-is [[asignew n umanar]].

''''Tamuski n [[amazellaw|umazellaw]] tebṭa ɣef 3 n yismilen igejdanen''': 
* '''[[Aweggir amazallaw]]''': tga d tuffet azun-mezzay yettak-d tafat, yettili deg wammas n umazellaw. [[Akat|Akaten]] n mraw n iseggasen-a yezrin sseknen-d d tilin n [[amruj aberkan|wemruj aberkan]] d acafcal deg wammas n umazellaw, [[takura|takura-ines]] tla (tesɛa) azal n sin n imelyan n tkura tanafukt. Tehri-ines trennu s tmerniwt n waddar n umazellaw akken yella deg uweggir-a amsegraw meqqren s waṭas n yitran d igedṛuren inamdalen. Timeẓriwt n uweggir yuffen n umazellaw d win ifraren deg yiṭ acku tla asefliley ussis ɣas akken timeẓriwt n tfawtin-is tigensawin temray (tewɛer) s usrag tuget n igedṛuren iteffren tafat.
* '''Iɣallen''': d ayen i d-itezzin i yiweggiren imazallawen igriwlen, gan d icafcalen, tezzin ɣef wammas n umazellaw. Am [[iɣil n umanar]] yaggugen s wazal n 26,000 n [[Afawatay|yifawatayen]] seg [[ammas n umazellaw|wammas n umazellaw]]. Imusnawen ssetgen-d d akken amdan n yitran yellan deg yiɣil-a yessawaṭ ɣer 200,000 n yitran, gar-asen [[tafukt]. Akken i d-ssetgen [[akdu]] n  umazellaw s wazal n 110,000 n ifawatayen, dɣa tafukt tettili deg wuggug n 30,000 n ifawatayen ɣef wammas n umazellaw deg yiɣil n umanar. Teɣzi n yiɣil n umanar n umanar tettawaṭ ɣer 6,500 n ifawatayen ma d tuzert-is azal n 1000 n ifawatayen
* '''[[Izɣuɣ amazallaw|Izɣuɣ]]''': d tamrest tamezzayt i d-izzin ɣef ugaraw n tegra tamazallawt alamma d istumen yaggugen, Akdu-ines yettawaṭ alamma d 150,000 n ifawatayen, tegber seg igazen yemgaraden d isignewen inamdalen akken i tegber seg [[agazu atraw|timsegrawin titrawin]] yettwazuzren deg yal adeg  ama s ddaw neɣ sufell n tegra. Timsegrawin-nni tezzint ɣef wammas n umazellaw s usrag n tilin [[amruj aberkan|wemruj aberkan]] deg wammas n umazellaw
=== Talɣa tamatut ===
[[Tugna:COBE's Milky Way Map in False-color.jpg|right| thumb| 230px|Tugna n umazellaw n uɣaras n walim s [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|izenzaren iderzeggaɣen]] i d-ittwaṭṭfen s tanawt [[COBE]]]]

[[Tugna:Milky way profile.svg|right|thumb| 270px|Alegdis azenzaɣ n uɣaris n walim]]
[[Tugna:MilkyWay behind Tree 2.jpg|right|thumb| 230px|Aɣaris n walim akken i d-ten-ttwali deg yiṭ.]]
Tazrawt n tmuski n uɣaras n walim d tin imrayen (iweɛṛen) s usrag n igedṛuren iteffren aṭas seg tafat, s tenmgalt n uẓabaẓ n tezrawt n talɣiwin d [[tasengama|tsengaman]] n imazellawen niden yaggugen fellaɣ maca nẓerr-iten-tt seg beṛṛa, Yerna anecta yullel (iɛawn) imusnawen s waṭas deg tezrawt n izenzaren i d-ikkan seg umazellaw-nneɣ deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] s [[agensa|igensaten]] yakk s tmuski n [[asanay|isanayen]] deg tegnit i wakken ad anin [[Tayyugt n uṛadyu|tayyugin tiṛadyawin]] i d-itekken deg-s. 

Akin-a, yettumeggez d akken amazellaw n uɣaras n walim ila (isɛa) wuẓ neɣ semmus (4 neɣ 5) n iɣallen anda i trennu deg-sen tneẓẓi n yitran d igedṛuren, maca tura neẓra yakk d akken (tla tesɛa) aweggir d abeṛan mači d amezzay.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.faz.net/artikel/C30217/milchstrassen-geheimnisse-wie-viele-arme-hat-sie-30347866.html Aktuelle Nachrichten online - FAZ.NET&lt;!-- Azwel --&gt;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810082531/http://www.faz.net/artikel/C30217/milchstrassen-geheimnisse-wie-viele-arme-hat-sie-30347866.html |date=10 ɣuct 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yerna tegber seg 100 alamma d 300 n imelyaṛen n yitran d waṭas n [[agedṛur akemdal|ugedṛuṛ anamdal]] i d-ikeffun i wakken ad nnulfun s yis seg 600 alamma d umelyaṛ n yitran imaynuten. Ma d tasmekta n tenga deg umazellaw-a tettwasteg s wazal n 3,6&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;41&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;kg, ma d akdy n tegra-ines azal n 100.000 n ifawatayen

Yella umazellaw n [[andṛumida]] i meqqren s wassaɣ ɣer umazellaw n wasif n igenwan anda akdu-ines yettawaṭ ɣer 150.000 n ifawatayen. Akken ig yella deg [[Tagrawt tadigant|tegrawt-nneɣ tadigant]] ugmam wis 3 deg temɣer igan d [[amazellaw n ukerdis]] neɣ [[amazellaw n ukerdis|Messier 33]] s unect n [[tajrit n Musier|tejrit n Musier]]. Akdu-ines ila azal n 50.000 n ifawatayen neɣ ahat tazurt n umazellaw n wasif n igenwan yugar 3 n tikkal uṭṭun i d-ittunefken sɣur umusnaw n [[Ustṛalya]] '''Brian Gaensler''' d trebbut-is (tarbaɛt-is) i d-ifesren yiwet n tegmi deg usentel-a aseggas n 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Literatur|Autor=B. M. Gaensler, G. J. Madsen, S. Chatterjee, S. A. Mao|Titel=The Scale Height and Filling Factor of Warm Ionized Gas in the Milky Way|Sammelwerk=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society|Band=39|Nummer=4|Jahr=2007|Seiten=762|Online=[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G Abstract]}} {{Cite Web |title=Archive copy |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G |access-date=2020-06-08 |archive-date=2017-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103120843/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Markus C. Schulte von Drach, : [http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/artikel/979/159547/ Die Milchstraße. Dicker als gedacht].'' sueddeutsche.de, 22. Februar 2008 – Artikel über neueste Forschungen von Bryan Gaensler und seinem Team. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619184850/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/artikel/979/159547/ |date=19 يونيو 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambiwel n ugaz zdat n wammas n umazellaw d usegder n yitran sskanayen-d d akken ammas-nni ur yelli ara d amezzay maca iga d abeṛday, d amaɣɣad. Abeṛdi ayi alemmas iggar-d tiɣmert azal-is 45° yakk d uzerrig yessawaṭen seg [[tafukt|tfukt]] ɣer wammas n umazellaw. 

Annay n [[Spitzer (amsaddas amalun)|umsaddas amalun n Spitzer]] [[Akat|ittakten]] [[tafat]] deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] d akken teɣzi n uberdi-nni tettawaṭ alamma d 27.000 n ifawatayen

S ugani ɣef tmusni-nneɣ d akken tazzla n tuzzya n [[tafukt|tfukt]] tettawaṭ ɣer 276 km/[[tasint|s]], imalla [[udus anafuk]] ɣef yibdi alemmas n umazellaw d wuggug n tfukt ɣef wammas ittaǧǧa ad yili usnis n [[Isudaf n Kepler|yisudaf n Kepler]] i wsiden n tesmekta n tenga deg wamur agensaw n umazellaw.&lt;ref&gt;Hans Joachim Störig: ''Knaurs moderne Astronomie'', Droemer Knaur, München, 1992, S. 197.&lt;/ref&gt; dɣa takura n tenga tummidt deg umazellaw n wasif n igenwan tga gar n 1,0 - 1,9 n imelyaṛen n [[Takura tanafukt|tkurawin tinafukin]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mpia.de/Public/menu_q2.php?Aktuelles/PR/2008/PR080527/PR_080527_de.html MPIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521031645/http://www.mpia.de/Public/menu_q2.php?Aktuelles/PR/2008/PR080527/PR_080527_de.html |date=21 mayu 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wissenschaft-aktuell.de/artikel/Keine_kleine_Schwester_mehr__Milchstrasse_zieht_mit_Andromeda_gleich_1771015585656.html Keine kleine Schwester mehr: Milchstraße zieht mit Andromeda gleich] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818053422/http://www.wissenschaft-aktuell.de:80/artikel/Keine_kleine_Schwester_mehr__Milchstrasse_zieht_mit_Andromeda_gleich_1771015585656.html |date=18 ɣuct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- woher stammt die Aussage mit den 1,9 Bio.--&gt;, ma d takura n umazellaw n andṛumida tga azal n 1.2 n imelyaṛen n tkurawin tinafukin.

=== Izɣuɣ ===
{{Main|Izɣuɣ amazallaw}}
Itezzi-d yiwen n izɣuɣ amezzay ɣef tegra n umazellaw, akdu n yizɣuɣ-a tettawaṭ ɣer 165.000 n ifawatayen, ittaṭṭaf-it yiwen n welmes n ugaz. Akken i llant deg-s (zdat n [[agazu atraw|iguza itrawen]]) aṭas n yitran imziken (iqdimen) yerna d imazgayen, gar-asen wid yeṭṭafaren asesmel n '''RR-Lyrae''' d ugaz adersan n tneẓẓi akken illan daɣen yitran d izegzawen i d-innulfan d imaynuten, tikurawin-nsen meqqer-it yerna lan (sɛan) tafasa tussist. S tmerniwt ɣer wannecta tettwasteg [[tanga tamallast|tenga tamallast]] i d-ikeffun i wakken ad ttger azal n 1000 n imelyaṛen n tkurawin tinafukin, maca imusnawen ar tura ur ẓrin ara d acu i d tanga tamallast acku mazal ṭṭafarwn isemda-ines war ma ad afen akat-is neɣ ad ttwalin, s wakka ad yili yizɣuɣ d ilem deg ugedṛur maca igber kan seg kra n [[Agazu atraw|iguza itrawen]] n yitran imezgiyen yeṭṭafaren '''[[asesmel atraw]] II''' ilan [[tamaɣuzt]] drusen

=== Tagra (aḍebsi) ===
Amur ameqran n yitran ttumeggzen d akken-iten msegrawen (nnejmaɛen) deg tagra n umazellaw yerna asegder-is amzun d alugan. Tagra tegber s talɣa tagejdant seg yitran yeṭṭafaren asesmel 2 ilan afimidi meqqren n [[tamaɣuzt|tmaɣuzt]] (imɣuzen iẓẓayen ɣef uhidṛujin d [[Hilium|uhilium]]) 

==== Iɣallen igriwlen ====
Amur deg Tegra ssiliɣen-t-id yiɣallen igriwlen yellan deg wudus anafuk. Tiɣalltin-a gebrent seg isigniwen meqqren d temsegrawin n [[hidṛujin|uhidṛjin]] d tamiwin n [[Tama HII|tamiwin n H II]] anda i d-ttnulfun yitran d imaynuten. Ɣef wanecta illan deg yiɣallen itrawen ilulen.&lt;br/&gt;
Deg waddar n yitri ad yettembiwel seg wadeg anda i d-ilul w ad ttwasedger deg tagra. Maca itran icafcalen ilan takura meqqren (ugar n tkura n tfukt seg 10 ɣer 100 n tikkal) ur sen-d-ikeffu ara wakud i wembiwel deg tagra acku ttfakkan deg wadeg anda i d-lulen. Seg yitran-nni icafcalen deg tkura llan isesmilen '''O''' d '''B''' d [[acafcal azeggaɣ|ucafcal azeggaɣ]] d [[amergagu|yitran imergaguyen]], Dɣa addar n yal yiwen deg-sen ur yugar ara 100 n iseggase, itran-a ssiliɣen-d azal n 1% seg yitran n umazellaw ma d amur ameqqran deg yitran n umazellaw n wasif n igenwan gan d itran imziken imezgiyen anda yal itri ila [[takura]] yegdan agla n tfukt neɣ s ddaw-as.

Deg yunyu 2008, yiwet n tegrawt n imusnawen seg [[Taseddawit n Wisconsin–Madison|tseddawit n Wisconsin–Madison]] tefser-d yiwet n tegmi ɣef westag-nsen i wannayen i d-gran deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] s umsaddas amalun n Spitzer, tegmi ayi tesskanay-d d akken amazellaw n wasif n igenwan ila sin n yiɣallen kan. Yiwen d iɣil n imeẓli wis sin d iɣil n tseddakamt.&lt;ref&gt;[http://science.orf.at/science/news/151692 Artikel auf science.orf.at] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317101459/https://science.orf.at/science/news/151692 |date=17 meɣres 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- zu ueberpruefen, wenn die eigentliche Arbeit veroeffentlicht ist --&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ismawen n iɣallen
|- class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe6&quot;
!Isem 
!Tikwal isem-is
!Deg tesnallunt
|-
|Iɣil n uzadur
|Tindert tis 3
|''Ulac ''
|-
|[[Iɣil n waylanca]]
|Iɣil n Sagittarius
| −II
|-
|[[Iɣil n imeẓli]]
|Iɣil n imeẓli-zadur
| −I
|-
|[[Iɣil n umanar]]
|Iɣil adigan
| 0
|-
|[[Iɣil n wemẓiw]]
|''Ulac''
| +I
|-
|[[iɣil n waẓiẓ wa iggadan]]
|Iɣil uffiɣ
| +II
|}

[[Tugna:Southerncross gb.gif|thumb|Asif n igenwan deg tnila n [[Iɣil n wemẓiw|yiɣil n wemẓiw]], ɣer tama tayeffust yella [[Asignew n tseddakamt|usignew n tseddakamt]] yettfeǧǧijen d [[Tama HII|tama n uhidṛujin II]]]]

«''D acu-ten isemda isengamen i d-igellun s unulfu n yiɣallen deg umazellaw''» asteqsi ayi d taluft ur nli (ur nesɛi) tiririt ibanen, d acu kan yettwassen d akken itran d iɣallen ur bedden ara maca ttnwiwlen (ttḥerriken) deg temsegrawin i d-izzin i wammas n umazellaw. Kra n imusnawen ttarmen (tteɛṛaden) ad ssegzun anulfu n iɣallen s teẓri n tayyugin n tneẓẓi i d-igellun s tmerniwt n tneẓẓi n yitran deg yiɣallen, s wakka ad mmagen yitran d imaynuten

==== Itran n tegra ====

== Tagrawt tadigant ==

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==

== Immiren ==

[[Taggayt:Tasnallunt]]
[[Taggayt:Imazellawen]]
[[Taggayt:Aɣaras n walim]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>115717</parentid>
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      <text bytes="19455" sha1="pjox8paq0mueee4fcwoa6tgfnl4xi9u" xml:space="preserve">'''Asif n igenwan''' (s [[Tutlayt tamaceɣt|tmaheɣt]]: ''ⵎⵂⵍⵡ amahǝllǝw'', s [[Tacelḥit|tcelḥit]]: ''aɣaras n walim'') d [[amazellaw]] [[amazellaw agriwel|agriwel]] iteṭṭafar [[Tafukt|tfukt]] d [[tagnit|tegnit]] d [[itrikli|yimtiwgen]] niden n [[Udus anafuk|wudus anafuk]]. Amazellaw-a yegber seg imelyaṛen n [[itri|yitran]] (gar n 200 ɣer 400 n imelyaṛen n yitran) akken i ttenfufuden deg-s [[Asignew|isigniwen]] d icafcalen, d imeqqranen s waṭas yakk d igedṛuṛen d igazen deg yal ijifeṛ seg ijufaṛ-is. Deg [[iṭ|wuṭan]] imsullsen yesrawen (iṣfan) yettbin-d wasif n igenwan (aɣaras n walim) am akken d tadla n walim hrawen seg tafat n yitran-is, akken i d-ttmagen inkaren deg tadla-nni s usrag n tilin n isigniwen n ugedṛur d igazen iteffren tafat i d-ittaken seg yitran yellan deffir-nsen. &lt;ref name=&quot;Frommert&quot;&gt;
{{Tanagit s web
| Aneggar1 = Frommert
| amezwar1 = H.
| Aneggar2 = Kronberg
| Amezwar2 = C.
| Azemz = August 25, 2005
| Azwel = The Milky Way Galaxy
| akala = http://messier.seds.org/more/mw.html
| Anafsar = [[SEDS]]
| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20070512093341/http://seds.org/MESSIER/more/mw.html
| azemz n ufaylu = 12 May 2007
| Assaɣ yerrẓen = no
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
Talɣa n wasif n tegnawin d aglayan, Akdu-ines yettawaṭ seg 100.000 ɣer 180.000 n [[Afawatay|yifawatayen]] ma d tuzert-is azal n 1000 n ifawatayen s wakka ad tili d tagra tusdidt s waṭas. [[Tagnit]] tezga-d zdat n yiri n umazellaw-a anda itezzi [[udus anafuk|wudus anafuk]] ɣef [[Ammas n umazellaw|wammas n umazellaw]], dɣa tafukt taggug s wazal n 27,000 n ifawatayen ɣef wammas n umazellaw.&lt;br/&gt;
Ma iwula kra n wemdan ɣer igenni deg yiṭ ad iẓer amur seg umazellaw n wasif n igenwan amzun d tadla n yitran, anda imezdaɣ n wezgen agafan n [[tiṭṭ n tfukt]] ẓerrent-id ama deg [[anebdu|unebdu]] neɣ deg [[amwan|umwan]] neɣ deg [[tagrest|tegrest]], Ixef n aseflalay d tmeẓriwt tacraraqt yakk i umazellaw-a yettili-d deg taggara n unebdu d tazwara n umwan acku deg wakuden-a n useggas inezzeg (wasif n igenwan) seg [[tazdemt|tezdemt]] n [[tamesɣimt|tmesɣimt]] (''Cassiopeia'') alamma d [[sifus]] (''Cepheus'') deg ugafa seg wezgen asemran n igenni yakk seg tegrawt n yitran yettwassnen s [[akerdis n uwilen|ukerdis n uwilen]], sin akin ad yerdeb seg [[igli (tanzagt)|yigli]] ɣer [[Tagenzi (tasnetrit)|tgenzi]] yakk d [[tiɣirdemt (tasnetrit)|tɣirdemt]]. Isigniwen n tallunt teffren gar n ukerdis n uwilen d tgenzi yiwet n tjumma talemmast hrawen seg uɣaras n walim ayen i d-ittaǧǧan ittbin-d yegzen ɣer sin n wamuren, ma deg zdat n tgenzi d tɣirdemt yettili uɣaras n walim d aseflalay s waṭas acku d tanila-nni i d-immalen ammas n umazellaw. 

Asif n igenwan iga d aseflalay deg kra n tamiwin ugar n tamiwin niden. Anda tama i d-izzin i [[aẓiẓ wa iggadan|waẓiẓ wa iggadan]] (''Cygnus'') yettfejjij s waṭas, maca amur yehrawen s waṭas yerna iseflellayen s waṭas yezga-d deg unẓul ɣef [[imeẓli (tazdemt)|yimeẓli]] yerna yezmer wemdan ad tiẓer deg [[tallunt]] tagafant deg tmeddiyin n unebdu maca timeẓriwt tettili tefrar ugar deg tamiwin i d-izgan ɣer unẓul n [[Asebges|usebges]]

== Anulfu n wasif n igenwan ==
Imesnullanen settgen (ttaken lewhi) d akken asif n igenwan yennelfa-d send n wazal n 12-14 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, akken ittɣilen d akken [[amazellaw|amazellaw-a]] d win meẓẓiyen deg waddar s wassaɣ ɣer imazellawen niden yellan deg [[Asedday|usedday]], Aguccel n waddar-is yella-d s usemres n [[Tasnemdalɣisant|tesnemdalɣisant]].&lt;br/&gt;
Deg useggas n [[2007]] yettwasteg waddar n yiwen n yitri isem-is [[NGC 3199]] s wazal n 13,7 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, itri ayi izga-d deg wezɣar (beṛṛa) n umazellaw, yaggug ɣef [[tagnit|tegnit]] s 13.2 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, akken i yettumeggez d [[tafekka tagnnawt|tafekka tagennawt]] tamzikant (taqburt) imur-nni anda i d-issers tilisa tiddayin i waddar n wasif n igenwan.&lt;ref name=&quot;frebel&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | doi= 10.1086/518122 | id={{Afaylu XI|astro-ph|0703414}} | title= Discovery of HE 1523-0901, a Strongly ''r''-Process-enhanced Metal-poor Star with Detected Uranium | year= 2007 | author= Frebel, Anna | journal= The Astrophysical Journal | volume= 660 | pages= L117 | last2= Christlieb | first2= Norbert | last3= Norris | first3= John E. | last4= Thom | first4= Christopher | last5= Beers | first5= Timothy C. | last6= Rhee | first6= Jaehyon}}&lt;/ref&gt; yella-d uselken seg ustag-a s [[aktaylal|waktaylal]] n '''UV-Visual Echelle''' n [[Imseddasen imeqqranen|umseddas ameqqran]].&lt;ref name=&quot;frebel&quot;/&gt;
Astag n waddar n yitran i d-izgan deg tagra tamazallawt tusdidt yezmer ad yili s tarrayt yettemcabin i HE 1523-0901. Igemmuden n [[akat|wakaten]] llan deg tlisa n 8.8 ± 1.7 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen yezrin, anecta yessumur-d d akken kra n wenkar addar-is 5 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen yella dinna gar n tallit n  yisni d tagra tusdidt.&lt;ref name=&quot;del_Peloso&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053307 | bibcode= 2005A&amp;A...440.1153D | id={{Afaylu XI|astro-ph|0506458}} | title=The age of the Galactic thin disk from Th/Eu nucleocosmochronology | year=2005 | author=Del Peloso, E. F. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=440 | pages=1153}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== isegra n uɣaras n walim ==
[[Tugna:Milky Way Arms it.svg|270px|thumb|right|iɣallen n umazellaw d wadeg n [[tafukt|tfukt]], Tinliwin yemgaraden yeddan seg wadeg n tfukt mmalent-d [[Tazdemt|tigrawin titrawin]]. Akken i d-temmal talɣa-nni hiwet n tama ur ttwaẓran ara deg-s yitran s usrag n tneẓẓi n igedṛuren deg wammas n umazellaw.]]

[[Tugna:OrionSpur.png|270px|thumb|right|Talɣa n [[iɣil n umanar|yiɣil n umanar]] s unect n umagrad ussnan n kra n imusnawen yettwafsaren deg: {{cite journal|author|title=Spiral Structure in the Outer Galactic Disk. I. The Third Galactic Quadrant|url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...672..930V|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=672|issue=2|pages=930–939|year=2008|month=January|doi=10.1086/524003|akala n ufaylu= https://web.archive.org/web/20190830120244/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...672..930V|azemz n ufaylu=2019-08-30}}]]
[[Tugna:Via Láctea de perfil.jpg|thumb|left |280px|Tamudemt n umazellaw agriwel degs tagra, d nnig-s yakk s ddaw-as yella yisni igebren seg timsegrawin titrawin yettwazuzzren.]]

Aɣaras n walim yettumeggez d yisen seg [[amazellaw agriwel|imazellawen igriwlen]] imeqqranen. Ttezzi ɣef yiman-is yiwet n tuzzya yal 250 n imelyan n iseggasen, akken i tezzin degs yitran-is s urured yemgaraden anda itran yellan deg wammas-is i tezzin s urured d tazzla wala itran illan deg ijufaṛ-is akken daɣen i yella wemgarad deg rdusi n [[Taldayt|teldayt]] seg wadeg ɣer wayeṭ deg umazellaw s usrag n tmerniwt n tneẓẓi n yitran deg kra n tamiwin, anda ixeddmen isemda-nni deg tguri n yiɣallen igriwlen i umazellaw. [[Udus anafuk]] yezga-d deg yiwen seg yiɣalen-nni yettusemman [[iɣil n umanar]] i d-izgan deg wazal n sin n yikṛaden (⅔) n uzen-kdu n umazellaw. Akken iy gber umazellaw n uɣaras n walim seg waṭas n yiɣallen igriwlen niden i d-issentayen seg umazellaw sin akin ad negzen ɣer uzɣar (beṛṛa). Gar n yiɣallen yella [[iɣil n wemẓiw|yiɣil n wemẓiw]] (''Perseue arm'') igan d iɣil amaddas fellaɣ deg tama n ijifeṛ n umazellaw, yakk d [[Iɣil n imeẓli|Iɣil n imeẓli]] (''Sagittarius arm'') yudsen fellaɣ seg tama n wammas n umazellaw. Aɣaras n walim yegber daɣen seg waṭas n yiɣallen niden i d-izgan deg tagra n umazellaw, dɣa ttwasemman s yirem n iɣallen acku yal yiwen deg-sen yettak taɣara s [[tazdemt|tezdemt]] yettfeǧǧijen s waṭas deg-s. Amedya, [[iɣil n wemẓiw]] yettak taɣara s tezdemt n [[amẓiw (tazdemt)|wemẓiw]], ma d [[iɣil n imeẓli]] yettak taɣara s tezdemt n [[imeẓli (tazdemt)|imeẓli]], akken daɣen i yella [[iɣil n umanar|yiɣil n umanar]] igrbren [[Amanar|tazdemt n umanar]] deg wanda yella yiwen seg [[Asignew|yisigniwen]] yettwassnen yakk, isem-is [[asignew n umanar]].

''''Tamuski n [[amazellaw|umazellaw]] tebṭa ɣef 3 n yismilen igejdanen''': 
* '''[[Aweggir amazallaw]]''': tga d tuffet azun-mezzay yettak-d tafat, yettili deg wammas n umazellaw. [[Akat|Akaten]] n mraw n iseggasen-a yezrin sseknen-d d tilin n [[amruj aberkan|wemruj aberkan]] d acafcal deg wammas n umazellaw, [[takura|takura-ines]] tla (tesɛa) azal n sin n imelyan n tkura tanafukt. Tehri-ines trennu s tmerniwt n waddar n umazellaw akken yella deg uweggir-a amsegraw meqqren s waṭas n yitran d igedṛuren inamdalen. Timeẓriwt n uweggir yuffen n umazellaw d win ifraren deg yiṭ acku tla asefliley ussis ɣas akken timeẓriwt n tfawtin-is tigensawin temray (tewɛer) s usrag tuget n igedṛuren iteffren tafat.
* '''Iɣallen''': d ayen i d-itezzin i yiweggiren imazallawen igriwlen, gan d icafcalen, tezzin ɣef wammas n umazellaw. Am [[iɣil n umanar]] yaggugen s wazal n 26,000 n [[Afawatay|yifawatayen]] seg [[ammas n umazellaw|wammas n umazellaw]]. Imusnawen ssetgen-d d akken amdan n yitran yellan deg yiɣil-a yessawaṭ ɣer 200,000 n yitran, gar-asen [[tafukt]. Akken i d-ssetgen [[akdu]] n  umazellaw s wazal n 110,000 n ifawatayen, dɣa tafukt tettili deg wuggug n 30,000 n ifawatayen ɣef wammas n umazellaw deg yiɣil n umanar. Teɣzi n yiɣil n umanar n umanar tettawaṭ ɣer 6,500 n ifawatayen ma d tuzert-is azal n 1000 n ifawatayen
* '''[[Izɣuɣ amazallaw|Izɣuɣ]]''': d tamrest tamezzayt i d-izzin ɣef ugaraw n tegra tamazallawt alamma d istumen yaggugen, Akdu-ines yettawaṭ alamma d 150,000 n ifawatayen, tegber seg igazen yemgaraden d isignewen inamdalen akken i tegber seg [[agazu atraw|timsegrawin titrawin]] yettwazuzren deg yal adeg  ama s ddaw neɣ sufell n tegra. Timsegrawin-nni tezzint ɣef wammas n umazellaw s usrag n tilin [[amruj aberkan|wemruj aberkan]] deg wammas n umazellaw
=== Talɣa tamatut ===
[[Tugna:COBE's Milky Way Map in False-color.jpg|right| thumb| 230px|Tugna n umazellaw n uɣaras n walim s [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|izenzaren iderzeggaɣen]] i d-ittwaṭṭfen s tanawt [[COBE]]]]

[[Tugna:Milky way profile.svg|right|thumb| 270px|Alegdis azenzaɣ n uɣaris n walim]]
[[Tugna:MilkyWay behind Tree 2.jpg|right|thumb| 230px|Aɣaris n walim akken i d-ten-ttwali deg yiṭ.]]
Tazrawt n tmuski n uɣaras n walim d tin imrayen (iweɛṛen) s usrag n igedṛuren iteffren aṭas seg tafat, s tenmgalt n uẓabaẓ n tezrawt n talɣiwin d [[tasengama|tsengaman]] n imazellawen niden yaggugen fellaɣ maca nẓerr-iten-tt seg beṛṛa, Yerna anecta yullel (iɛawn) imusnawen s waṭas deg tezrawt n izenzaren i d-ikkan seg umazellaw-nneɣ deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] s [[agensa|igensaten]] yakk s tmuski n [[asanay|isanayen]] deg tegnit i wakken ad anin [[Tayyugt n uṛadyu|tayyugin tiṛadyawin]] i d-itekken deg-s. 

Akin-a, yettumeggez d akken amazellaw n uɣaras n walim ila (isɛa) wuẓ neɣ semmus (4 neɣ 5) n iɣallen anda i trennu deg-sen tneẓẓi n yitran d igedṛuren, maca tura neẓra yakk d akken (tla tesɛa) aweggir d abeṛan mači d amezzay.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.faz.net/artikel/C30217/milchstrassen-geheimnisse-wie-viele-arme-hat-sie-30347866.html Aktuelle Nachrichten online - FAZ.NET&lt;!-- Azwel --&gt;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810082531/http://www.faz.net/artikel/C30217/milchstrassen-geheimnisse-wie-viele-arme-hat-sie-30347866.html |date=10 ɣuct 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yerna tegber seg 100 alamma d 300 n imelyaṛen n yitran d waṭas n [[agedṛur akemdal|ugedṛuṛ anamdal]] i d-ikeffun i wakken ad nnulfun s yis seg 600 alamma d umelyaṛ n yitran imaynuten. Ma d tasmekta n tenga deg umazellaw-a tettwasteg s wazal n 3,6&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;41&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;kg, ma d akdy n tegra-ines azal n 100.000 n ifawatayen

Yella umazellaw n [[andṛumida]] i meqqren s wassaɣ ɣer umazellaw n wasif n igenwan anda akdu-ines yettawaṭ ɣer 150.000 n ifawatayen. Akken ig yella deg [[Tagrawt tadigant|tegrawt-nneɣ tadigant]] ugmam wis 3 deg temɣer igan d [[amazellaw n ukerdis]] neɣ [[amazellaw n ukerdis|Messier 33]] s unect n [[tajrit n Musier|tejrit n Musier]]. Akdu-ines ila azal n 50.000 n ifawatayen neɣ ahat tazurt n umazellaw n wasif n igenwan yugar 3 n tikkal uṭṭun i d-ittunefken sɣur umusnaw n [[Ustṛalya]] '''Brian Gaensler''' d trebbut-is (tarbaɛt-is) i d-ifesren yiwet n tegmi deg usentel-a aseggas n 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Literatur|Autor=B. M. Gaensler, G. J. Madsen, S. Chatterjee, S. A. Mao|Titel=The Scale Height and Filling Factor of Warm Ionized Gas in the Milky Way|Sammelwerk=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society|Band=39|Nummer=4|Jahr=2007|Seiten=762|Online=[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G Abstract]}} {{Cite Web |title=Archive copy |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G |access-date=2020-06-08 |archive-date=2017-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103120843/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Markus C. Schulte von Drach, : [http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/artikel/979/159547/ Die Milchstraße. Dicker als gedacht].'' sueddeutsche.de, 22. Februar 2008 – Artikel über neueste Forschungen von Bryan Gaensler und seinem Team. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619184850/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/artikel/979/159547/ |date=19 يونيو 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambiwel n ugaz zdat n wammas n umazellaw d usegder n yitran sskanayen-d d akken ammas-nni ur yelli ara d amezzay maca iga d abeṛday, d amaɣɣad. Abeṛdi ayi alemmas iggar-d tiɣmert azal-is 45° yakk d uzerrig yessawaṭen seg [[tafukt|tfukt]] ɣer wammas n umazellaw. 

Annay n [[Spitzer (amsaddas amalun)|umsaddas amalun n Spitzer]] [[Akat|ittakten]] [[tafat]] deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] d akken teɣzi n uberdi-nni tettawaṭ alamma d 27.000 n ifawatayen

S ugani ɣef tmusni-nneɣ d akken tazzla n tuzzya n [[tafukt|tfukt]] tettawaṭ ɣer 276 km/[[tasint|s]], imalla [[udus anafuk]] ɣef yibdi alemmas n umazellaw d wuggug n tfukt ɣef wammas ittaǧǧa ad yili usnis n [[Isudaf n Kepler|yisudaf n Kepler]] i wsiden n tesmekta n tenga deg wamur agensaw n umazellaw.&lt;ref&gt;Hans Joachim Störig: ''Knaurs moderne Astronomie'', Droemer Knaur, München, 1992, S. 197.&lt;/ref&gt; dɣa takura n tenga tummidt deg umazellaw n wasif n igenwan tga gar n 1,0 - 1,9 n imelyaṛen n [[Takura tanafukt|tkurawin tinafukin]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mpia.de/Public/menu_q2.php?Aktuelles/PR/2008/PR080527/PR_080527_de.html MPIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521031645/http://www.mpia.de/Public/menu_q2.php?Aktuelles/PR/2008/PR080527/PR_080527_de.html |date=21 mayu 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wissenschaft-aktuell.de/artikel/Keine_kleine_Schwester_mehr__Milchstrasse_zieht_mit_Andromeda_gleich_1771015585656.html Keine kleine Schwester mehr: Milchstraße zieht mit Andromeda gleich] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818053422/http://www.wissenschaft-aktuell.de:80/artikel/Keine_kleine_Schwester_mehr__Milchstrasse_zieht_mit_Andromeda_gleich_1771015585656.html |date=18 ɣuct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- woher stammt die Aussage mit den 1,9 Bio.--&gt;, ma d takura n umazellaw n andṛumida tga azal n 1.2 n imelyaṛen n tkurawin tinafukin.

=== Izɣuɣ ===
{{Main|Izɣuɣ amazallaw}}
Itezzi-d yiwen n izɣuɣ amezzay ɣef tegra n umazellaw, akdu n yizɣuɣ-a tettawaṭ ɣer 165.000 n ifawatayen, ittaṭṭaf-it yiwen n welmes n ugaz. Akken i llant deg-s (zdat n [[agazu atraw|iguza itrawen]]) aṭas n yitran imziken (iqdimen) yerna d imazgayen, gar-asen wid yeṭṭafaren asesmel n '''RR-Lyrae''' d ugaz adersan n tneẓẓi akken illan daɣen yitran d izegzawen i d-innulfan d imaynuten, tikurawin-nsen meqqer-it yerna lan (sɛan) tafasa tussist. S tmerniwt ɣer wannecta tettwasteg [[tanga tamallast|tenga tamallast]] i d-ikeffun i wakken ad ttger azal n 1000 n imelyaṛen n tkurawin tinafukin, maca imusnawen ar tura ur ẓrin ara d acu i d tanga tamallast acku mazal ṭṭafarwn isemda-ines war ma ad afen akat-is neɣ ad ttwalin, s wakka ad yili yizɣuɣ d ilem deg ugedṛur maca igber kan seg kra n [[Agazu atraw|iguza itrawen]] n yitran imezgiyen yeṭṭafaren '''[[asesmel atraw]] II''' ilan [[tamaɣuzt]] drusen

=== Tagra (aḍebsi) ===
Amur ameqran n yitran ttumeggzen d akken-iten msegrawen (nnejmaɛen) deg tagra n umazellaw yerna asegder-is amzun d alugan. Tagra tegber s talɣa tagejdant seg yitran yeṭṭafaren asesmel 2 ilan afimidi meqqren n [[tamaɣuzt|tmaɣuzt]] (imɣuzen iẓẓayen ɣef uhidṛujin d [[Hilium|uhilium]]) 

==== Iɣallen igriwlen ====
Amur deg Tegra ssiliɣen-t-id yiɣallen igriwlen yellan deg wudus anafuk. Tiɣalltin-a gebrent seg isigniwen meqqren d temsegrawin n [[hidṛujin|uhidṛjin]] d tamiwin n [[Tama HII|tamiwin n H II]] anda i d-ttnulfun yitran d imaynuten. Ɣef wanecta illan deg yiɣallen itrawen ilulen.&lt;br/&gt;
Deg waddar n yitri ad yettembiwel seg wadeg anda i d-ilul w ad ttwasedger deg tagra. Maca itran icafcalen ilan takura meqqren (ugar n tkura n tfukt seg 10 ɣer 100 n tikkal) ur sen-d-ikeffu ara wakud i wembiwel deg tagra acku ttfakkan deg wadeg anda i d-lulen. Seg yitran-nni icafcalen deg tkura llan isesmilen '''O''' d '''B''' d [[acafcal azeggaɣ|ucafcal azeggaɣ]] d [[amergagu|yitran imergaguyen]], Dɣa addar n yal yiwen deg-sen ur yugar ara 100 n iseggase, itran-a ssiliɣen-d azal n 1% seg yitran n umazellaw ma d amur ameqqran deg yitran n umazellaw n wasif n igenwan gan d itran imziken imezgiyen anda yal itri ila [[takura]] yegdan agla n tfukt neɣ s ddaw-as.

Deg yunyu 2008, yiwet n tegrawt n imusnawen seg [[Taseddawit n Wisconsin–Madison|tseddawit n Wisconsin–Madison]] tefser-d yiwet n tegmi ɣef westag-nsen i wannayen i d-gran deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] s umsaddas amalun n Spitzer, tegmi ayi tesskanay-d d akken amazellaw n wasif n igenwan ila sin n yiɣallen kan. Yiwen d iɣil n imeẓli wis sin d iɣil n tseddakamt.&lt;ref&gt;[http://science.orf.at/science/news/151692 Artikel auf science.orf.at] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317101459/https://science.orf.at/science/news/151692 |date=17 meɣres 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- zu ueberpruefen, wenn die eigentliche Arbeit veroeffentlicht ist --&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ismawen n iɣallen
|- class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe6&quot;
!Isem 
!Tikwal isem-is
!Deg tesnallunt
|-
|Iɣil n uzadur
|Tindert tis 3
|''Ulac ''
|-
|[[Iɣil n waylanca]]
|Iɣil n Sagittarius
| −II
|-
|[[Iɣil n imeẓli]]
|Iɣil n imeẓli-zadur
| −I
|-
|[[Iɣil n umanar]]
|Iɣil adigan
| 0
|-
|[[Iɣil n wemẓiw]]
|''Ulac''
| +I
|-
|[[iɣil n waẓiẓ wa iggadan]]
|Iɣil uffiɣ
| +II
|}

[[Tugna:Southerncross gb.gif|thumb|Asif n igenwan deg tnila n [[Iɣil n wemẓiw|yiɣil n wemẓiw]], ɣer tama tayeffust yella [[Asignew n tseddakamt|usignew n tseddakamt]] yettfeǧǧijen d [[Tama HII|tama n uhidṛujin II]]]]

«''D acu-ten isemda isengamen i d-igellun s unulfu n yiɣallen deg umazellaw''» asteqsi ayi d taluft ur nli (ur nesɛi) tiririt ibanen, d acu kan yettwassen d akken itran d iɣallen ur bedden ara maca ttnwiwlen (ttḥerriken) deg temsegrawin i d-izzin i wammas n umazellaw. Kra n imusnawen ttarmen (tteɛṛaden) ad ssegzun anulfu n iɣallen s teẓri n tayyugin n tneẓẓi i d-igellun s tmerniwt n tneẓẓi n yitran deg yiɣallen, s wakka ad mmagen yitran d imaynuten

==== Itran n tegra ====

== Tagrawt tadigant ==

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==

== Immiren ==

[[Taggayt:Tasnallunt]]
[[Taggayt:Imazellawen]]
[[Taggayt:Aɣaras n walim]]</text>
      <sha1>pjox8paq0mueee4fcwoa6tgfnl4xi9u</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <parentid>115718</parentid>
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      <text bytes="19467" sha1="7sod6vzlr33h93qk3tsgtsu3qmytcfq" xml:space="preserve">'''Asif n igenwan''' (s [[Tutlayt tamaceɣt|tmaheɣt]]: ''ⵎⵂⵍⵡ amahǝllǝw'', s [[Tacelḥit|tcelḥit]]: ''aɣaras n walim'') d [[amazellaw]] [[amazellaw agriwel|agriwel]] iteṭṭafar [[Tafukt|tfukt]] d [[tagnit|tegnit]] d [[itrikli|yimtiwgen]] niden n [[Udus anafuk|unagraw anafuk]]. Amazellaw-a yegber seg imelyaṛen n [[itri|yitran]] (gar n 200 ɣer 400 n imelyaṛen n yitran), akken i ttenfufuden deg-s [[Asignew|isigniwen]] d icafcalen, d imeqqranen s waṭas yakk d igedṛuṛen d igazen deg yal ijifeṛ seg ijufaṛ-is. Deg [[iṭ|wuḍan]] imsullsen yesrawen (iṣfan), yettbin-d wasif n igenwan am akken d tadla n walim hrawen seg tafat n yitran-is, akken i d-ttmagen inkaren deg tadla-nni s usrag (s sebba) n tilin n isigniwen n ugedṛur d igazen iteffren [[tafat]] i d-ittaken seg yitran yellan deffir-nsen. &lt;ref name=&quot;Frommert&quot;&gt;
{{Tanagit s web
| Aneggar1 = Frommert
| amezwar1 = H.
| Aneggar2 = Kronberg
| Amezwar2 = C.
| Azemz = August 25, 2005
| Azwel = The Milky Way Galaxy
| akala = http://messier.seds.org/more/mw.html
| Anafsar = [[SEDS]]
| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20070512093341/http://seds.org/MESSIER/more/mw.html
| azemz n ufaylu = 12 May 2007
| Assaɣ yerrẓen = no
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
Talɣa n wasif n tegnawin d aglayan, [[Akdu]]-ines yettawaṭ seg 100.000 ɣer 180.000 n [[Afawatay|yifawatayen]], ma d tuzert-is s wazal n 1000 n ifawatayen. S wakka ad tili d tagra tusdidt s waṭas. [[Tagnit]] tezga-d zdat n yiri n umazellaw-a anda itezzi [[udus anafuk|unagraw anafuk]] ɣef [[Ammas n umazellaw|wammas n umazellaw]]. Dɣa tafukt taggug s wazal n 27,000 n ifawatayen ɣef wammas n umazellaw.&lt;br/&gt;
Ma iwula kra n wemdan ɣer igenni deg yiḍ ad iẓer amur seg umazellaw n wasif n igenwan amzun d tadla n yitran, anda imezdaɣ n wezgen agafan n [[tiṭṭ n tfukt]] ẓerrent-id ama deg [[anebdu|unebdu]] neɣ deg [[amwan|umwan]] neɣ deg [[tagrest|tegrest]]. Ixef n aseflalay d tmeẓriwt tacraraqt yakk i umazellaw-a yettili-d deg taggara n unebdu d tazwara n umwan acku deg wakuden-a n useggas inezzeg (wasif n igenwan) seg [[tazdemt|tezdemt]] n [[tamesɣimt|tmesɣimt]] (''Cassiopeia'') alamma d [[sifus]] (''Cepheus'') deg ugafa seg wezgen asemran n igenni yakk seg tegrawt n yitran yettwassnen s [[akerdis n uwilen|ukerdis n uwilen]], sin akin ad yerdeb seg [[igli (tanzagt)|yigli]] ɣer [[Tagenzi (tasnetrit)|tgenzi]] yakk d [[tiɣirdemt (tasnetrit)|tɣirdemt]]. Isigniwen n tallunt teffren gar n ukerdis n uwilen d tgenzi yiwet n tjumma talemmast hrawen seg uɣaras n walim ayen i d-ittaǧǧan ittbin-d yegzen ɣer sin n wamuren, ma deg zdat n tgenzi d tɣirdemt yettili uɣaras n walim d aseflalay s waṭas acku d tanila-nni i d-immalen ammas n umazellaw. 

Asif n igenwan iga d aseflalay deg kra n tamiwin ugar n tamiwin niden. Anda tama i d-izzin i [[aẓiẓ wa iggadan|waẓiẓ wa iggadan]] (''Cygnus'') yettfejjij s waṭas, maca amur yehrawen s waṭas yerna iseflellayen s waṭas yezga-d deg unẓul ɣef [[imeẓli (tazdemt)|yimeẓli]] yerna yezmer wemdan ad tiẓer deg [[tallunt]] tagafant deg tmeddiyin n unebdu maca timeẓriwt tettili tefrar ugar deg tamiwin i d-izgan ɣer unẓul n [[Asebges|usebges]].

== Anulfu n wasif n igenwan ==
Imesnullanen settgen (ttaken lewhi) d akken asif n igenwan yennelfa-d send n wazal n 12-14 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, akken ittɣilen d akken [[amazellaw|amazellaw-a]] d win meẓẓiyen deg waddar s wassaɣ ɣer imazellawen niden yellan deg [[Asedday|usedday]], Aguccel n waddar-is yella-d s usemres n [[Tasnemdalɣisant|tesnemdalɣisant]].&lt;br/&gt;
Deg useggas n [[2007]] yettwasteg waddar n yiwen n yitri isem-is [[NGC 3199]] s wazal n 13,7 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, itri ayi izga-d deg wezɣar (beṛṛa) n umazellaw, yaggug ɣef [[tagnit|tegnit]] s 13.2 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, akken i yettumeggez d [[tafekka tagnnawt|tafekka tagennawt]] tamzikant (taqburt) imur-nni anda i d-issers tilisa tiddayin i waddar n wasif n igenwan.&lt;ref name=&quot;frebel&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | doi= 10.1086/518122 | id={{Afaylu XI|astro-ph|0703414}} | title= Discovery of HE 1523-0901, a Strongly ''r''-Process-enhanced Metal-poor Star with Detected Uranium | year= 2007 | author= Frebel, Anna | journal= The Astrophysical Journal | volume= 660 | pages= L117 | last2= Christlieb | first2= Norbert | last3= Norris | first3= John E. | last4= Thom | first4= Christopher | last5= Beers | first5= Timothy C. | last6= Rhee | first6= Jaehyon}}&lt;/ref&gt; yella-d uselken seg ustag-a s [[aktaylal|waktaylal]] n '''UV-Visual Echelle''' n [[Imseddasen imeqqranen|umseddas ameqqran]].&lt;ref name=&quot;frebel&quot;/&gt;
Astag n waddar n yitran i d-izgan deg tagra tamazallawt tusdidt yezmer ad yili s tarrayt yettemcabin i HE 1523-0901. Igemmuden n [[akat|wakaten]] llan deg tlisa n 8.8 ± 1.7 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen yezrin, anecta yessumur-d d akken kra n wenkar addar-is 5 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen yella dinna gar n tallit n  yisni d tagra tusdidt.&lt;ref name=&quot;del_Peloso&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053307 | bibcode= 2005A&amp;A...440.1153D | id={{Afaylu XI|astro-ph|0506458}} | title=The age of the Galactic thin disk from Th/Eu nucleocosmochronology | year=2005 | author=Del Peloso, E. F. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=440 | pages=1153}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== isegra n uɣaras n walim ==
[[Tugna:Milky Way Arms it.svg|270px|thumb|right|iɣallen n umazellaw d wadeg n [[tafukt|tfukt]], Tinliwin yemgaraden yeddan seg wadeg n tfukt mmalent-d [[Tazdemt|tigrawin titrawin]]. Akken i d-temmal talɣa-nni hiwet n tama ur ttwaẓran ara deg-s yitran s usrag n tneẓẓi n igedṛuren deg wammas n umazellaw.]]

[[Tugna:OrionSpur.png|270px|thumb|right|Talɣa n [[iɣil n umanar|yiɣil n umanar]] s unect n umagrad ussnan n kra n imusnawen yettwafsaren deg: {{cite journal|author|title=Spiral Structure in the Outer Galactic Disk. I. The Third Galactic Quadrant|url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...672..930V|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=672|issue=2|pages=930–939|year=2008|month=January|doi=10.1086/524003|akala n ufaylu= https://web.archive.org/web/20190830120244/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...672..930V|azemz n ufaylu=2019-08-30}}]]
[[Tugna:Via Láctea de perfil.jpg|thumb|left |280px|Tamudemt n umazellaw agriwel degs tagra, d nnig-s yakk s ddaw-as yella yisni igebren seg timsegrawin titrawin yettwazuzzren.]]

Aɣaras n walim yettumeggez d yisen seg [[amazellaw agriwel|imazellawen igriwlen]] imeqqranen. Ttezzi ɣef yiman-is yiwet n tuzzya yal 250 n imelyan n iseggasen, akken i tezzin degs yitran-is s urured yemgaraden anda itran yellan deg wammas-is i tezzin s urured d tazzla wala itran illan deg ijufaṛ-is akken daɣen i yella wemgarad deg rdusi n [[Taldayt|teldayt]] seg wadeg ɣer wayeṭ deg umazellaw s usrag n tmerniwt n tneẓẓi n yitran deg kra n tamiwin, anda ixeddmen isemda-nni deg tguri n yiɣallen igriwlen i umazellaw. [[Udus anafuk]] yezga-d deg yiwen seg yiɣalen-nni yettusemman [[iɣil n umanar]] i d-izgan deg wazal n sin n yikṛaden (⅔) n uzen-kdu n umazellaw. Akken iy gber umazellaw n uɣaras n walim seg waṭas n yiɣallen igriwlen niden i d-issentayen seg umazellaw sin akin ad negzen ɣer uzɣar (beṛṛa). Gar n yiɣallen yella [[iɣil n wemẓiw|yiɣil n wemẓiw]] (''Perseue arm'') igan d iɣil amaddas fellaɣ deg tama n ijifeṛ n umazellaw, yakk d [[Iɣil n imeẓli|Iɣil n imeẓli]] (''Sagittarius arm'') yudsen fellaɣ seg tama n wammas n umazellaw. Aɣaras n walim yegber daɣen seg waṭas n yiɣallen niden i d-izgan deg tagra n umazellaw, dɣa ttwasemman s yirem n iɣallen acku yal yiwen deg-sen yettak taɣara s [[tazdemt|tezdemt]] yettfeǧǧijen s waṭas deg-s. Amedya, [[iɣil n wemẓiw]] yettak taɣara s tezdemt n [[amẓiw (tazdemt)|wemẓiw]], ma d [[iɣil n imeẓli]] yettak taɣara s tezdemt n [[imeẓli (tazdemt)|imeẓli]], akken daɣen i yella [[iɣil n umanar|yiɣil n umanar]] igrbren [[Amanar|tazdemt n umanar]] deg wanda yella yiwen seg [[Asignew|yisigniwen]] yettwassnen yakk, isem-is [[asignew n umanar]].

''''Tamuski n [[amazellaw|umazellaw]] tebṭa ɣef 3 n yismilen igejdanen''': 
* '''[[Aweggir amazallaw]]''': tga d tuffet azun-mezzay yettak-d tafat, yettili deg wammas n umazellaw. [[Akat|Akaten]] n mraw n iseggasen-a yezrin sseknen-d d tilin n [[amruj aberkan|wemruj aberkan]] d acafcal deg wammas n umazellaw, [[takura|takura-ines]] tla (tesɛa) azal n sin n imelyan n tkura tanafukt. Tehri-ines trennu s tmerniwt n waddar n umazellaw akken yella deg uweggir-a amsegraw meqqren s waṭas n yitran d igedṛuren inamdalen. Timeẓriwt n uweggir yuffen n umazellaw d win ifraren deg yiṭ acku tla asefliley ussis ɣas akken timeẓriwt n tfawtin-is tigensawin temray (tewɛer) s usrag tuget n igedṛuren iteffren tafat.
* '''Iɣallen''': d ayen i d-itezzin i yiweggiren imazallawen igriwlen, gan d icafcalen, tezzin ɣef wammas n umazellaw. Am [[iɣil n umanar]] yaggugen s wazal n 26,000 n [[Afawatay|yifawatayen]] seg [[ammas n umazellaw|wammas n umazellaw]]. Imusnawen ssetgen-d d akken amdan n yitran yellan deg yiɣil-a yessawaṭ ɣer 200,000 n yitran, gar-asen [[tafukt]. Akken i d-ssetgen [[akdu]] n  umazellaw s wazal n 110,000 n ifawatayen, dɣa tafukt tettili deg wuggug n 30,000 n ifawatayen ɣef wammas n umazellaw deg yiɣil n umanar. Teɣzi n yiɣil n umanar n umanar tettawaṭ ɣer 6,500 n ifawatayen ma d tuzert-is azal n 1000 n ifawatayen
* '''[[Izɣuɣ amazallaw|Izɣuɣ]]''': d tamrest tamezzayt i d-izzin ɣef ugaraw n tegra tamazallawt alamma d istumen yaggugen, Akdu-ines yettawaṭ alamma d 150,000 n ifawatayen, tegber seg igazen yemgaraden d isignewen inamdalen akken i tegber seg [[agazu atraw|timsegrawin titrawin]] yettwazuzren deg yal adeg  ama s ddaw neɣ sufell n tegra. Timsegrawin-nni tezzint ɣef wammas n umazellaw s usrag n tilin [[amruj aberkan|wemruj aberkan]] deg wammas n umazellaw
=== Talɣa tamatut ===
[[Tugna:COBE's Milky Way Map in False-color.jpg|right| thumb| 230px|Tugna n umazellaw n uɣaras n walim s [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|izenzaren iderzeggaɣen]] i d-ittwaṭṭfen s tanawt [[COBE]]]]

[[Tugna:Milky way profile.svg|right|thumb| 270px|Alegdis azenzaɣ n uɣaris n walim]]
[[Tugna:MilkyWay behind Tree 2.jpg|right|thumb| 230px|Aɣaris n walim akken i d-ten-ttwali deg yiṭ.]]
Tazrawt n tmuski n uɣaras n walim d tin imrayen (iweɛṛen) s usrag n igedṛuren iteffren aṭas seg tafat, s tenmgalt n uẓabaẓ n tezrawt n talɣiwin d [[tasengama|tsengaman]] n imazellawen niden yaggugen fellaɣ maca nẓerr-iten-tt seg beṛṛa, Yerna anecta yullel (iɛawn) imusnawen s waṭas deg tezrawt n izenzaren i d-ikkan seg umazellaw-nneɣ deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] s [[agensa|igensaten]] yakk s tmuski n [[asanay|isanayen]] deg tegnit i wakken ad anin [[Tayyugt n uṛadyu|tayyugin tiṛadyawin]] i d-itekken deg-s. 

Akin-a, yettumeggez d akken amazellaw n uɣaras n walim ila (isɛa) wuẓ neɣ semmus (4 neɣ 5) n iɣallen anda i trennu deg-sen tneẓẓi n yitran d igedṛuren, maca tura neẓra yakk d akken (tla tesɛa) aweggir d abeṛan mači d amezzay.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.faz.net/artikel/C30217/milchstrassen-geheimnisse-wie-viele-arme-hat-sie-30347866.html Aktuelle Nachrichten online - FAZ.NET&lt;!-- Azwel --&gt;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810082531/http://www.faz.net/artikel/C30217/milchstrassen-geheimnisse-wie-viele-arme-hat-sie-30347866.html |date=10 ɣuct 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yerna tegber seg 100 alamma d 300 n imelyaṛen n yitran d waṭas n [[agedṛur akemdal|ugedṛuṛ anamdal]] i d-ikeffun i wakken ad nnulfun s yis seg 600 alamma d umelyaṛ n yitran imaynuten. Ma d tasmekta n tenga deg umazellaw-a tettwasteg s wazal n 3,6&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;41&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;kg, ma d akdy n tegra-ines azal n 100.000 n ifawatayen

Yella umazellaw n [[andṛumida]] i meqqren s wassaɣ ɣer umazellaw n wasif n igenwan anda akdu-ines yettawaṭ ɣer 150.000 n ifawatayen. Akken ig yella deg [[Tagrawt tadigant|tegrawt-nneɣ tadigant]] ugmam wis 3 deg temɣer igan d [[amazellaw n ukerdis]] neɣ [[amazellaw n ukerdis|Messier 33]] s unect n [[tajrit n Musier|tejrit n Musier]]. Akdu-ines ila azal n 50.000 n ifawatayen neɣ ahat tazurt n umazellaw n wasif n igenwan yugar 3 n tikkal uṭṭun i d-ittunefken sɣur umusnaw n [[Ustṛalya]] '''Brian Gaensler''' d trebbut-is (tarbaɛt-is) i d-ifesren yiwet n tegmi deg usentel-a aseggas n 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Literatur|Autor=B. M. Gaensler, G. J. Madsen, S. Chatterjee, S. A. Mao|Titel=The Scale Height and Filling Factor of Warm Ionized Gas in the Milky Way|Sammelwerk=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society|Band=39|Nummer=4|Jahr=2007|Seiten=762|Online=[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G Abstract]}} {{Cite Web |title=Archive copy |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G |access-date=2020-06-08 |archive-date=2017-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103120843/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Markus C. Schulte von Drach, : [http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/artikel/979/159547/ Die Milchstraße. Dicker als gedacht].'' sueddeutsche.de, 22. Februar 2008 – Artikel über neueste Forschungen von Bryan Gaensler und seinem Team. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619184850/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/artikel/979/159547/ |date=19 يونيو 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambiwel n ugaz zdat n wammas n umazellaw d usegder n yitran sskanayen-d d akken ammas-nni ur yelli ara d amezzay maca iga d abeṛday, d amaɣɣad. Abeṛdi ayi alemmas iggar-d tiɣmert azal-is 45° yakk d uzerrig yessawaṭen seg [[tafukt|tfukt]] ɣer wammas n umazellaw. 

Annay n [[Spitzer (amsaddas amalun)|umsaddas amalun n Spitzer]] [[Akat|ittakten]] [[tafat]] deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] d akken teɣzi n uberdi-nni tettawaṭ alamma d 27.000 n ifawatayen

S ugani ɣef tmusni-nneɣ d akken tazzla n tuzzya n [[tafukt|tfukt]] tettawaṭ ɣer 276 km/[[tasint|s]], imalla [[udus anafuk]] ɣef yibdi alemmas n umazellaw d wuggug n tfukt ɣef wammas ittaǧǧa ad yili usnis n [[Isudaf n Kepler|yisudaf n Kepler]] i wsiden n tesmekta n tenga deg wamur agensaw n umazellaw.&lt;ref&gt;Hans Joachim Störig: ''Knaurs moderne Astronomie'', Droemer Knaur, München, 1992, S. 197.&lt;/ref&gt; dɣa takura n tenga tummidt deg umazellaw n wasif n igenwan tga gar n 1,0 - 1,9 n imelyaṛen n [[Takura tanafukt|tkurawin tinafukin]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mpia.de/Public/menu_q2.php?Aktuelles/PR/2008/PR080527/PR_080527_de.html MPIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521031645/http://www.mpia.de/Public/menu_q2.php?Aktuelles/PR/2008/PR080527/PR_080527_de.html |date=21 mayu 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wissenschaft-aktuell.de/artikel/Keine_kleine_Schwester_mehr__Milchstrasse_zieht_mit_Andromeda_gleich_1771015585656.html Keine kleine Schwester mehr: Milchstraße zieht mit Andromeda gleich] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818053422/http://www.wissenschaft-aktuell.de:80/artikel/Keine_kleine_Schwester_mehr__Milchstrasse_zieht_mit_Andromeda_gleich_1771015585656.html |date=18 ɣuct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- woher stammt die Aussage mit den 1,9 Bio.--&gt;, ma d takura n umazellaw n andṛumida tga azal n 1.2 n imelyaṛen n tkurawin tinafukin.

=== Izɣuɣ ===
{{Main|Izɣuɣ amazallaw}}
Itezzi-d yiwen n izɣuɣ amezzay ɣef tegra n umazellaw, akdu n yizɣuɣ-a tettawaṭ ɣer 165.000 n ifawatayen, ittaṭṭaf-it yiwen n welmes n ugaz. Akken i llant deg-s (zdat n [[agazu atraw|iguza itrawen]]) aṭas n yitran imziken (iqdimen) yerna d imazgayen, gar-asen wid yeṭṭafaren asesmel n '''RR-Lyrae''' d ugaz adersan n tneẓẓi akken illan daɣen yitran d izegzawen i d-innulfan d imaynuten, tikurawin-nsen meqqer-it yerna lan (sɛan) tafasa tussist. S tmerniwt ɣer wannecta tettwasteg [[tanga tamallast|tenga tamallast]] i d-ikeffun i wakken ad ttger azal n 1000 n imelyaṛen n tkurawin tinafukin, maca imusnawen ar tura ur ẓrin ara d acu i d tanga tamallast acku mazal ṭṭafarwn isemda-ines war ma ad afen akat-is neɣ ad ttwalin, s wakka ad yili yizɣuɣ d ilem deg ugedṛur maca igber kan seg kra n [[Agazu atraw|iguza itrawen]] n yitran imezgiyen yeṭṭafaren '''[[asesmel atraw]] II''' ilan [[tamaɣuzt]] drusen

=== Tagra (aḍebsi) ===
Amur ameqran n yitran ttumeggzen d akken-iten msegrawen (nnejmaɛen) deg tagra n umazellaw yerna asegder-is amzun d alugan. Tagra tegber s talɣa tagejdant seg yitran yeṭṭafaren asesmel 2 ilan afimidi meqqren n [[tamaɣuzt|tmaɣuzt]] (imɣuzen iẓẓayen ɣef uhidṛujin d [[Hilium|uhilium]]) 

==== Iɣallen igriwlen ====
Amur deg Tegra ssiliɣen-t-id yiɣallen igriwlen yellan deg wudus anafuk. Tiɣalltin-a gebrent seg isigniwen meqqren d temsegrawin n [[hidṛujin|uhidṛjin]] d tamiwin n [[Tama HII|tamiwin n H II]] anda i d-ttnulfun yitran d imaynuten. Ɣef wanecta illan deg yiɣallen itrawen ilulen.&lt;br/&gt;
Deg waddar n yitri ad yettembiwel seg wadeg anda i d-ilul w ad ttwasedger deg tagra. Maca itran icafcalen ilan takura meqqren (ugar n tkura n tfukt seg 10 ɣer 100 n tikkal) ur sen-d-ikeffu ara wakud i wembiwel deg tagra acku ttfakkan deg wadeg anda i d-lulen. Seg yitran-nni icafcalen deg tkura llan isesmilen '''O''' d '''B''' d [[acafcal azeggaɣ|ucafcal azeggaɣ]] d [[amergagu|yitran imergaguyen]], Dɣa addar n yal yiwen deg-sen ur yugar ara 100 n iseggase, itran-a ssiliɣen-d azal n 1% seg yitran n umazellaw ma d amur ameqqran deg yitran n umazellaw n wasif n igenwan gan d itran imziken imezgiyen anda yal itri ila [[takura]] yegdan agla n tfukt neɣ s ddaw-as.

Deg yunyu 2008, yiwet n tegrawt n imusnawen seg [[Taseddawit n Wisconsin–Madison|tseddawit n Wisconsin–Madison]] tefser-d yiwet n tegmi ɣef westag-nsen i wannayen i d-gran deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] s umsaddas amalun n Spitzer, tegmi ayi tesskanay-d d akken amazellaw n wasif n igenwan ila sin n yiɣallen kan. Yiwen d iɣil n imeẓli wis sin d iɣil n tseddakamt.&lt;ref&gt;[http://science.orf.at/science/news/151692 Artikel auf science.orf.at] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317101459/https://science.orf.at/science/news/151692 |date=17 meɣres 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- zu ueberpruefen, wenn die eigentliche Arbeit veroeffentlicht ist --&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ismawen n iɣallen
|- class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe6&quot;
!Isem 
!Tikwal isem-is
!Deg tesnallunt
|-
|Iɣil n uzadur
|Tindert tis 3
|''Ulac ''
|-
|[[Iɣil n waylanca]]
|Iɣil n Sagittarius
| −II
|-
|[[Iɣil n imeẓli]]
|Iɣil n imeẓli-zadur
| −I
|-
|[[Iɣil n umanar]]
|Iɣil adigan
| 0
|-
|[[Iɣil n wemẓiw]]
|''Ulac''
| +I
|-
|[[iɣil n waẓiẓ wa iggadan]]
|Iɣil uffiɣ
| +II
|}

[[Tugna:Southerncross gb.gif|thumb|Asif n igenwan deg tnila n [[Iɣil n wemẓiw|yiɣil n wemẓiw]], ɣer tama tayeffust yella [[Asignew n tseddakamt|usignew n tseddakamt]] yettfeǧǧijen d [[Tama HII|tama n uhidṛujin II]]]]

«''D acu-ten isemda isengamen i d-igellun s unulfu n yiɣallen deg umazellaw''» asteqsi ayi d taluft ur nli (ur nesɛi) tiririt ibanen, d acu kan yettwassen d akken itran d iɣallen ur bedden ara maca ttnwiwlen (ttḥerriken) deg temsegrawin i d-izzin i wammas n umazellaw. Kra n imusnawen ttarmen (tteɛṛaden) ad ssegzun anulfu n iɣallen s teẓri n tayyugin n tneẓẓi i d-igellun s tmerniwt n tneẓẓi n yitran deg yiɣallen, s wakka ad mmagen yitran d imaynuten

==== Itran n tegra ====

== Tagrawt tadigant ==

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==

== Immiren ==

[[Taggayt:Tasnallunt]]
[[Taggayt:Imazellawen]]
[[Taggayt:Aɣaras n walim]]</text>
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'''Asif n igenwan''' (s [[Tutlayt tamaceɣt|tmaheɣt]]: ''ⵎⵂⵍⵡ amahǝllǝw'', s [[Tacelḥit|tcelḥit]]: ''aɣaras n walim'') d [[amazellaw]] [[amazellaw agriwel|agriwel]] iteṭṭafar [[Tafukt|tfukt]] d [[tagnit|tegnit]] d [[itrikli|yimtiwgen]] niden n [[Udus anafuk|unagraw anafuk]]. Amazellaw-a yegber seg imelyaṛen n [[itri|yitran]] (gar n 200 ɣer 400 n imelyaṛen n yitran), akken i ttenfufuden deg-s [[Asignew|isigniwen]] d icafcalen, d imeqqranen s waṭas yakk d igedṛuṛen d igazen deg yal ijifeṛ seg ijufaṛ-is. Deg [[iṭ|wuḍan]] imsullsen yesrawen (iṣfan), yettbin-d wasif n igenwan am akken d tadla n walim hrawen seg tafat n yitran-is, akken i d-ttmagen inkaren deg tadla-nni s usrag (s sebba) n tilin n isigniwen n ugedṛur d igazen iteffren [[tafat]] i d-ittaken seg yitran yellan deffir-nsen. &lt;ref name=&quot;Frommert&quot;&gt;
{{Tanagit s web
| Aneggar1 = Frommert
| amezwar1 = H.
| Aneggar2 = Kronberg
| Amezwar2 = C.
| Azemz = August 25, 2005
| Azwel = The Milky Way Galaxy
| akala = http://messier.seds.org/more/mw.html
| Anafsar = [[SEDS]]
| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20070512093341/http://seds.org/MESSIER/more/mw.html
| azemz n ufaylu = 12 May 2007
| Assaɣ yerrẓen = no
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
Talɣa n wasif n tegnawin d aglayan, [[Akdu]]-ines yettawaṭ seg 100.000 ɣer 180.000 n [[Afawatay|yifawatayen]], ma d tuzert-is s wazal n 1000 n ifawatayen. S wakka ad tili d tagra tusdidt s waṭas. [[Tagnit]] tezga-d zdat n yiri n umazellaw-a anda itezzi [[udus anafuk|unagraw anafuk]] ɣef [[Ammas n umazellaw|wammas n umazellaw]]. Dɣa tafukt taggug s wazal n 27,000 n ifawatayen ɣef wammas n umazellaw.&lt;br/&gt;
Ma iwula kra n wemdan ɣer igenni deg yiḍ ad iẓer amur seg umazellaw n wasif n igenwan amzun d tadla n yitran, anda imezdaɣ n wezgen agafan n [[tiṭṭ n tfukt]] ẓerrent-id ama deg [[anebdu|unebdu]] neɣ deg [[amwan|umwan]] neɣ deg [[tagrest|tegrest]]. Ixef n aseflalay d tmeẓriwt tacraraqt yakk i umazellaw-a yettili-d deg taggara n unebdu d tazwara n umwan acku deg wakuden-a n useggas inezzeg (wasif n igenwan) seg [[tazdemt|tezdemt]] n [[tamesɣimt|tmesɣimt]] (''Cassiopeia'') alamma d [[sifus]] (''Cepheus'') deg ugafa seg wezgen asemran n igenni yakk seg tegrawt n yitran yettwassnen s [[akerdis n uwilen|ukerdis n uwilen]], sin akin ad yerdeb seg [[igli (tanzagt)|yigli]] ɣer [[Tagenzi (tasnetrit)|tgenzi]] yakk d [[tiɣirdemt (tasnetrit)|tɣirdemt]]. Isigniwen n tallunt teffren gar n ukerdis n uwilen d tgenzi yiwet n tjumma talemmast hrawen seg uɣaras n walim ayen i d-ittaǧǧan ittbin-d yegzen ɣer sin n wamuren, ma deg zdat n tgenzi d tɣirdemt yettili uɣaras n walim d aseflalay s waṭas acku d tanila-nni i d-immalen ammas n umazellaw. 

Asif n igenwan iga d aseflalay deg kra n tamiwin ugar n tamiwin niden. Anda tama i d-izzin i [[aẓiẓ wa iggadan|waẓiẓ wa iggadan]] (''Cygnus'') yettfejjij s waṭas, maca amur yehrawen s waṭas yerna iseflellayen s waṭas yezga-d deg unẓul ɣef [[imeẓli (tazdemt)|yimeẓli]] yerna yezmer wemdan ad tiẓer deg [[tallunt]] tagafant deg tmeddiyin n unebdu maca timeẓriwt tettili tefrar ugar deg tamiwin i d-izgan ɣer unẓul n [[Asebges|usebges]].

== Anulfu n wasif n igenwan ==
Imesnullanen settgen (ttaken lewhi) d akken asif n igenwan yennelfa-d send n wazal n 12-14 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, akken ittɣilen d akken [[amazellaw|amazellaw-a]] d win meẓẓiyen deg waddar s wassaɣ ɣer imazellawen niden yellan deg [[Asedday|usedday]], Aguccel n waddar-is yella-d s usemres n [[Tasnemdalɣisant|tesnemdalɣisant]].&lt;br/&gt;
Deg useggas n [[2007]] yettwasteg waddar n yiwen n yitri isem-is [[NGC 3199]] s wazal n 13,7 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, itri ayi izga-d deg wezɣar (beṛṛa) n umazellaw, yaggug ɣef [[tagnit|tegnit]] s 13.2 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, akken i yettumeggez d [[tafekka tagnnawt|tafekka tagennawt]] tamzikant (taqburt) imur-nni anda i d-issers tilisa tiddayin i waddar n wasif n igenwan.&lt;ref name=&quot;frebel&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | doi= 10.1086/518122 | id={{Afaylu XI|astro-ph|0703414}} | title= Discovery of HE 1523-0901, a Strongly ''r''-Process-enhanced Metal-poor Star with Detected Uranium | year= 2007 | author= Frebel, Anna | journal= The Astrophysical Journal | volume= 660 | pages= L117 | last2= Christlieb | first2= Norbert | last3= Norris | first3= John E. | last4= Thom | first4= Christopher | last5= Beers | first5= Timothy C. | last6= Rhee | first6= Jaehyon}}&lt;/ref&gt; yella-d uselken seg ustag-a s [[aktaylal|waktaylal]] n '''UV-Visual Echelle''' n [[Imseddasen imeqqranen|umseddas ameqqran]].&lt;ref name=&quot;frebel&quot;/&gt;
Astag n waddar n yitran i d-izgan deg tagra tamazallawt tusdidt yezmer ad yili s tarrayt yettemcabin i HE 1523-0901. Igemmuden n [[akat|wakaten]] llan deg tlisa n 8.8 ± 1.7 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen yezrin, anecta yessumur-d d akken kra n wenkar addar-is 5 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen yella dinna gar n tallit n  yisni d tagra tusdidt.&lt;ref name=&quot;del_Peloso&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053307 | bibcode= 2005A&amp;A...440.1153D | id={{Afaylu XI|astro-ph|0506458}} | title=The age of the Galactic thin disk from Th/Eu nucleocosmochronology | year=2005 | author=Del Peloso, E. F. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=440 | pages=1153}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== isegra n uɣaras n walim ==
[[Tugna:Milky Way Arms it.svg|270px|thumb|right|iɣallen n umazellaw d wadeg n [[tafukt|tfukt]], Tinliwin yemgaraden yeddan seg wadeg n tfukt mmalent-d [[Tazdemt|tigrawin titrawin]]. Akken i d-temmal talɣa-nni hiwet n tama ur ttwaẓran ara deg-s yitran s usrag n tneẓẓi n igedṛuren deg wammas n umazellaw.]]

[[Tugna:OrionSpur.png|270px|thumb|right|Talɣa n [[iɣil n umanar|yiɣil n umanar]] s unect n umagrad ussnan n kra n imusnawen yettwafsaren deg: {{cite journal|author|title=Spiral Structure in the Outer Galactic Disk. I. The Third Galactic Quadrant|url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...672..930V|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=672|issue=2|pages=930–939|year=2008|month=January|doi=10.1086/524003|akala n ufaylu= https://web.archive.org/web/20190830120244/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...672..930V|azemz n ufaylu=2019-08-30}}]]
[[Tugna:Via Láctea de perfil.jpg|thumb|left |280px|Tamudemt n umazellaw agriwel degs tagra, d nnig-s yakk s ddaw-as yella yisni igebren seg timsegrawin titrawin yettwazuzzren.]]

Aɣaras n walim yettumeggez d yisen seg [[amazellaw agriwel|imazellawen igriwlen]] imeqqranen. Ttezzi ɣef yiman-is yiwet n tuzzya yal 250 n imelyan n iseggasen, akken i tezzin degs yitran-is s urured yemgaraden anda itran yellan deg wammas-is i tezzin s urured d tazzla wala itran illan deg ijufaṛ-is akken daɣen i yella wemgarad deg rdusi n [[Taldayt|teldayt]] seg wadeg ɣer wayeṭ deg umazellaw s usrag n tmerniwt n tneẓẓi n yitran deg kra n tamiwin, anda ixeddmen isemda-nni deg tguri n yiɣallen igriwlen i umazellaw. [[Udus anafuk]] yezga-d deg yiwen seg yiɣalen-nni yettusemman [[iɣil n umanar]] i d-izgan deg wazal n sin n yikṛaden (⅔) n uzen-kdu n umazellaw. Akken iy gber umazellaw n uɣaras n walim seg waṭas n yiɣallen igriwlen niden i d-issentayen seg umazellaw sin akin ad negzen ɣer uzɣar (beṛṛa). Gar n yiɣallen yella [[iɣil n wemẓiw|yiɣil n wemẓiw]] (''Perseue arm'') igan d iɣil amaddas fellaɣ deg tama n ijifeṛ n umazellaw, yakk d [[Iɣil n imeẓli|Iɣil n imeẓli]] (''Sagittarius arm'') yudsen fellaɣ seg tama n wammas n umazellaw. Aɣaras n walim yegber daɣen seg waṭas n yiɣallen niden i d-izgan deg tagra n umazellaw, dɣa ttwasemman s yirem n iɣallen acku yal yiwen deg-sen yettak taɣara s [[tazdemt|tezdemt]] yettfeǧǧijen s waṭas deg-s. Amedya, [[iɣil n wemẓiw]] yettak taɣara s tezdemt n [[amẓiw (tazdemt)|wemẓiw]], ma d [[iɣil n imeẓli]] yettak taɣara s tezdemt n [[imeẓli (tazdemt)|imeẓli]], akken daɣen i yella [[iɣil n umanar|yiɣil n umanar]] igrbren [[Amanar|tazdemt n umanar]] deg wanda yella yiwen seg [[Asignew|yisigniwen]] yettwassnen yakk, isem-is [[asignew n umanar]].

''''Tamuski n [[amazellaw|umazellaw]] tebṭa ɣef 3 n yismilen igejdanen''': 
* '''[[Aweggir amazallaw]]''': tga d tuffet azun-mezzay yettak-d tafat, yettili deg wammas n umazellaw. [[Akat|Akaten]] n mraw n iseggasen-a yezrin sseknen-d d tilin n [[amruj aberkan|wemruj aberkan]] d acafcal deg wammas n umazellaw, [[takura|takura-ines]] tla (tesɛa) azal n sin n imelyan n tkura tanafukt. Tehri-ines trennu s tmerniwt n waddar n umazellaw akken yella deg uweggir-a amsegraw meqqren s waṭas n yitran d igedṛuren inamdalen. Timeẓriwt n uweggir yuffen n umazellaw d win ifraren deg yiṭ acku tla asefliley ussis ɣas akken timeẓriwt n tfawtin-is tigensawin temray (tewɛer) s usrag tuget n igedṛuren iteffren tafat.
* '''Iɣallen''': d ayen i d-itezzin i yiweggiren imazallawen igriwlen, gan d icafcalen, tezzin ɣef wammas n umazellaw. Am [[iɣil n umanar]] yaggugen s wazal n 26,000 n [[Afawatay|yifawatayen]] seg [[ammas n umazellaw|wammas n umazellaw]]. Imusnawen ssetgen-d d akken amdan n yitran yellan deg yiɣil-a yessawaṭ ɣer 200,000 n yitran, gar-asen [[tafukt]. Akken i d-ssetgen [[akdu]] n  umazellaw s wazal n 110,000 n ifawatayen, dɣa tafukt tettili deg wuggug n 30,000 n ifawatayen ɣef wammas n umazellaw deg yiɣil n umanar. Teɣzi n yiɣil n umanar n umanar tettawaṭ ɣer 6,500 n ifawatayen ma d tuzert-is azal n 1000 n ifawatayen
* '''[[Izɣuɣ amazallaw|Izɣuɣ]]''': d tamrest tamezzayt i d-izzin ɣef ugaraw n tegra tamazallawt alamma d istumen yaggugen, Akdu-ines yettawaṭ alamma d 150,000 n ifawatayen, tegber seg igazen yemgaraden d isignewen inamdalen akken i tegber seg [[agazu atraw|timsegrawin titrawin]] yettwazuzren deg yal adeg  ama s ddaw neɣ sufell n tegra. Timsegrawin-nni tezzint ɣef wammas n umazellaw s usrag n tilin [[amruj aberkan|wemruj aberkan]] deg wammas n umazellaw
=== Talɣa tamatut ===
[[Tugna:COBE's Milky Way Map in False-color.jpg|right| thumb| 230px|Tugna n umazellaw n uɣaras n walim s [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|izenzaren iderzeggaɣen]] i d-ittwaṭṭfen s tanawt [[COBE]]]]

[[Tugna:Milky way profile.svg|right|thumb| 270px|Alegdis azenzaɣ n uɣaris n walim]]
[[Tugna:MilkyWay behind Tree 2.jpg|right|thumb| 230px|Aɣaris n walim akken i d-ten-ttwali deg yiṭ.]]
Tazrawt n tmuski n uɣaras n walim d tin imrayen (iweɛṛen) s usrag n igedṛuren iteffren aṭas seg tafat, s tenmgalt n uẓabaẓ n tezrawt n talɣiwin d [[tasengama|tsengaman]] n imazellawen niden yaggugen fellaɣ maca nẓerr-iten-tt seg beṛṛa, Yerna anecta yullel (iɛawn) imusnawen s waṭas deg tezrawt n izenzaren i d-ikkan seg umazellaw-nneɣ deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] s [[agensa|igensaten]] yakk s tmuski n [[asanay|isanayen]] deg tegnit i wakken ad anin [[Tayyugt n uṛadyu|tayyugin tiṛadyawin]] i d-itekken deg-s. 

Akin-a, yettumeggez d akken amazellaw n uɣaras n walim ila (isɛa) wuẓ neɣ semmus (4 neɣ 5) n iɣallen anda i trennu deg-sen tneẓẓi n yitran d igedṛuren, maca tura neẓra yakk d akken (tla tesɛa) aweggir d abeṛan mači d amezzay.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.faz.net/artikel/C30217/milchstrassen-geheimnisse-wie-viele-arme-hat-sie-30347866.html Aktuelle Nachrichten online - FAZ.NET&lt;!-- Azwel --&gt;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810082531/http://www.faz.net/artikel/C30217/milchstrassen-geheimnisse-wie-viele-arme-hat-sie-30347866.html |date=10 ɣuct 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yerna tegber seg 100 alamma d 300 n imelyaṛen n yitran d waṭas n [[agedṛur akemdal|ugedṛuṛ anamdal]] i d-ikeffun i wakken ad nnulfun s yis seg 600 alamma d umelyaṛ n yitran imaynuten. Ma d tasmekta n tenga deg umazellaw-a tettwasteg s wazal n 3,6&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;41&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;kg, ma d akdy n tegra-ines azal n 100.000 n ifawatayen

Yella umazellaw n [[andṛumida]] i meqqren s wassaɣ ɣer umazellaw n wasif n igenwan anda akdu-ines yettawaṭ ɣer 150.000 n ifawatayen. Akken ig yella deg [[Tagrawt tadigant|tegrawt-nneɣ tadigant]] ugmam wis 3 deg temɣer igan d [[amazellaw n ukerdis]] neɣ [[amazellaw n ukerdis|Messier 33]] s unect n [[tajrit n Musier|tejrit n Musier]]. Akdu-ines ila azal n 50.000 n ifawatayen neɣ ahat tazurt n umazellaw n wasif n igenwan yugar 3 n tikkal uṭṭun i d-ittunefken sɣur umusnaw n [[Ustṛalya]] '''Brian Gaensler''' d trebbut-is (tarbaɛt-is) i d-ifesren yiwet n tegmi deg usentel-a aseggas n 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Literatur|Autor=B. M. Gaensler, G. J. Madsen, S. Chatterjee, S. A. Mao|Titel=The Scale Height and Filling Factor of Warm Ionized Gas in the Milky Way|Sammelwerk=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society|Band=39|Nummer=4|Jahr=2007|Seiten=762|Online=[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G Abstract]}} {{Cite Web |title=Archive copy |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G |access-date=2020-06-08 |archive-date=2017-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103120843/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Markus C. Schulte von Drach, : [http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/artikel/979/159547/ Die Milchstraße. Dicker als gedacht].'' sueddeutsche.de, 22. Februar 2008 – Artikel über neueste Forschungen von Bryan Gaensler und seinem Team. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619184850/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/artikel/979/159547/ |date=19 يونيو 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambiwel n ugaz zdat n wammas n umazellaw d usegder n yitran sskanayen-d d akken ammas-nni ur yelli ara d amezzay maca iga d abeṛday, d amaɣɣad. Abeṛdi ayi alemmas iggar-d tiɣmert azal-is 45° yakk d uzerrig yessawaṭen seg [[tafukt|tfukt]] ɣer wammas n umazellaw. 

Annay n [[Spitzer (amsaddas amalun)|umsaddas amalun n Spitzer]] [[Akat|ittakten]] [[tafat]] deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] d akken teɣzi n uberdi-nni tettawaṭ alamma d 27.000 n ifawatayen

S ugani ɣef tmusni-nneɣ d akken tazzla n tuzzya n [[tafukt|tfukt]] tettawaṭ ɣer 276 km/[[tasint|s]], imalla [[udus anafuk]] ɣef yibdi alemmas n umazellaw d wuggug n tfukt ɣef wammas ittaǧǧa ad yili usnis n [[Isudaf n Kepler|yisudaf n Kepler]] i wsiden n tesmekta n tenga deg wamur agensaw n umazellaw.&lt;ref&gt;Hans Joachim Störig: ''Knaurs moderne Astronomie'', Droemer Knaur, München, 1992, S. 197.&lt;/ref&gt; dɣa takura n tenga tummidt deg umazellaw n wasif n igenwan tga gar n 1,0 - 1,9 n imelyaṛen n [[Takura tanafukt|tkurawin tinafukin]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mpia.de/Public/menu_q2.php?Aktuelles/PR/2008/PR080527/PR_080527_de.html MPIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521031645/http://www.mpia.de/Public/menu_q2.php?Aktuelles/PR/2008/PR080527/PR_080527_de.html |date=21 mayu 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wissenschaft-aktuell.de/artikel/Keine_kleine_Schwester_mehr__Milchstrasse_zieht_mit_Andromeda_gleich_1771015585656.html Keine kleine Schwester mehr: Milchstraße zieht mit Andromeda gleich] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818053422/http://www.wissenschaft-aktuell.de:80/artikel/Keine_kleine_Schwester_mehr__Milchstrasse_zieht_mit_Andromeda_gleich_1771015585656.html |date=18 ɣuct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- woher stammt die Aussage mit den 1,9 Bio.--&gt;, ma d takura n umazellaw n andṛumida tga azal n 1.2 n imelyaṛen n tkurawin tinafukin.

=== Izɣuɣ ===
{{Main|Izɣuɣ amazallaw}}
Itezzi-d yiwen n izɣuɣ amezzay ɣef tegra n umazellaw, akdu n yizɣuɣ-a tettawaṭ ɣer 165.000 n ifawatayen, ittaṭṭaf-it yiwen n welmes n ugaz. Akken i llant deg-s (zdat n [[agazu atraw|iguza itrawen]]) aṭas n yitran imziken (iqdimen) yerna d imazgayen, gar-asen wid yeṭṭafaren asesmel n '''RR-Lyrae''' d ugaz adersan n tneẓẓi akken illan daɣen yitran d izegzawen i d-innulfan d imaynuten, tikurawin-nsen meqqer-it yerna lan (sɛan) tafasa tussist. S tmerniwt ɣer wannecta tettwasteg [[tanga tamallast|tenga tamallast]] i d-ikeffun i wakken ad ttger azal n 1000 n imelyaṛen n tkurawin tinafukin, maca imusnawen ar tura ur ẓrin ara d acu i d tanga tamallast acku mazal ṭṭafarwn isemda-ines war ma ad afen akat-is neɣ ad ttwalin, s wakka ad yili yizɣuɣ d ilem deg ugedṛur maca igber kan seg kra n [[Agazu atraw|iguza itrawen]] n yitran imezgiyen yeṭṭafaren '''[[asesmel atraw]] II''' ilan [[tamaɣuzt]] drusen

=== Tagra (aḍebsi) ===
Amur ameqran n yitran ttumeggzen d akken-iten msegrawen (nnejmaɛen) deg tagra n umazellaw yerna asegder-is amzun d alugan. Tagra tegber s talɣa tagejdant seg yitran yeṭṭafaren asesmel 2 ilan afimidi meqqren n [[tamaɣuzt|tmaɣuzt]] (imɣuzen iẓẓayen ɣef uhidṛujin d [[Hilium|uhilium]]) 

==== Iɣallen igriwlen ====
Amur deg Tegra ssiliɣen-t-id yiɣallen igriwlen yellan deg wudus anafuk. Tiɣalltin-a gebrent seg isigniwen meqqren d temsegrawin n [[hidṛujin|uhidṛjin]] d tamiwin n [[Tama HII|tamiwin n H II]] anda i d-ttnulfun yitran d imaynuten. Ɣef wanecta illan deg yiɣallen itrawen ilulen.&lt;br/&gt;
Deg waddar n yitri ad yettembiwel seg wadeg anda i d-ilul w ad ttwasedger deg tagra. Maca itran icafcalen ilan takura meqqren (ugar n tkura n tfukt seg 10 ɣer 100 n tikkal) ur sen-d-ikeffu ara wakud i wembiwel deg tagra acku ttfakkan deg wadeg anda i d-lulen. Seg yitran-nni icafcalen deg tkura llan isesmilen '''O''' d '''B''' d [[acafcal azeggaɣ|ucafcal azeggaɣ]] d [[amergagu|yitran imergaguyen]], Dɣa addar n yal yiwen deg-sen ur yugar ara 100 n iseggase, itran-a ssiliɣen-d azal n 1% seg yitran n umazellaw ma d amur ameqqran deg yitran n umazellaw n wasif n igenwan gan d itran imziken imezgiyen anda yal itri ila [[takura]] yegdan agla n tfukt neɣ s ddaw-as.

Deg yunyu 2008, yiwet n tegrawt n imusnawen seg [[Taseddawit n Wisconsin–Madison|tseddawit n Wisconsin–Madison]] tefser-d yiwet n tegmi ɣef westag-nsen i wannayen i d-gran deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] s umsaddas amalun n Spitzer, tegmi ayi tesskanay-d d akken amazellaw n wasif n igenwan ila sin n yiɣallen kan. Yiwen d iɣil n imeẓli wis sin d iɣil n tseddakamt.&lt;ref&gt;[http://science.orf.at/science/news/151692 Artikel auf science.orf.at] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317101459/https://science.orf.at/science/news/151692 |date=17 meɣres 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- zu ueberpruefen, wenn die eigentliche Arbeit veroeffentlicht ist --&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ismawen n iɣallen
|- class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe6&quot;
!Isem 
!Tikwal isem-is
!Deg tesnallunt
|-
|Iɣil n uzadur
|Tindert tis 3
|''Ulac ''
|-
|[[Iɣil n waylanca]]
|Iɣil n Sagittarius
| −II
|-
|[[Iɣil n imeẓli]]
|Iɣil n imeẓli-zadur
| −I
|-
|[[Iɣil n umanar]]
|Iɣil adigan
| 0
|-
|[[Iɣil n wemẓiw]]
|''Ulac''
| +I
|-
|[[iɣil n waẓiẓ wa iggadan]]
|Iɣil uffiɣ
| +II
|}

[[Tugna:Southerncross gb.gif|thumb|Asif n igenwan deg tnila n [[Iɣil n wemẓiw|yiɣil n wemẓiw]], ɣer tama tayeffust yella [[Asignew n tseddakamt|usignew n tseddakamt]] yettfeǧǧijen d [[Tama HII|tama n uhidṛujin II]]]]

«''D acu-ten isemda isengamen i d-igellun s unulfu n yiɣallen deg umazellaw''» asteqsi ayi d taluft ur nli (ur nesɛi) tiririt ibanen, d acu kan yettwassen d akken itran d iɣallen ur bedden ara maca ttnwiwlen (ttḥerriken) deg temsegrawin i d-izzin i wammas n umazellaw. Kra n imusnawen ttarmen (tteɛṛaden) ad ssegzun anulfu n iɣallen s teẓri n tayyugin n tneẓẓi i d-igellun s tmerniwt n tneẓẓi n yitran deg yiɣallen, s wakka ad mmagen yitran d imaynuten

==== Itran n tegra ====

== Tagrawt tadigant ==

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==

== Immiren ==

[[Taggayt:Tasnallunt]]
[[Taggayt:Imazellawen]]
[[Taggayt:Aɣaras n walim]]</text>
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'''Asif n igenwan''' (s [[Tutlayt tamaceɣt|tmaheɣt]]: ''ⵎⵂⵍⵡ amahǝllǝw'', s [[Tacelḥit|tcelḥit]]: ''aɣaras n walim'') d [[amazellaw]] [[amazellaw agriwel|agriwel]] iteṭṭafar [[Tafukt|tfukt]] d [[tagnit|tegnit]] d [[itrikli|yimtiwgen]] niden n [[Udus anafuk|unagraw anafuk]]. Amazellaw-a yegber seg imelyaṛen n [[itri|yitran]] (gar n 200 ɣer 400 n imelyaṛen n yitran), akken i ttenfufuden deg-s [[Asignew|isigniwen]] d icafcalen, d imeqqranen s waṭas yakk d igedṛuṛen d igazen deg yal ijifeṛ seg ijufaṛ-is. Deg [[iṭ|wuḍan]] imsullsen yesrawen (iṣfan), yettbin-d wasif n igenwan am akken d tadla n walim hrawen seg tafat n yitran-is, akken i d-ttmagen inkaren deg tadla-nni s usrag (s sebba) n tilin n isigniwen n ugedṛur d igazen iteffren [[tafat]] i d-ittaken seg yitran yellan deffir-nsen. &lt;ref name=&quot;Frommert&quot;&gt;
{{Tanagit s web
| Aneggar1 = Frommert
| amezwar1 = H.
| Aneggar2 = Kronberg
| Amezwar2 = C.
| Azemz = August 25, 2005
| Azwel = The Milky Way Galaxy
| akala = http://messier.seds.org/more/mw.html
| Anafsar = [[SEDS]]
| akala n ufaylu = https://web.archive.org/web/20070512093341/http://seds.org/MESSIER/more/mw.html
| azemz n ufaylu = 12 May 2007
| Assaɣ yerrẓen = no
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

Talɣa n wasif n tegnawin d aglayan, [[Akdu]]-ines yettawaṭ seg 100.000 ɣer 180.000 n [[Afawatay|yifawatayen]], ma d tuzert-is s wazal n 1000 n ifawatayen. S wakka ad tili d tagra tusdidt s waṭas. [[Tagnit]] tezga-d zdat n yiri n umazellaw-a anda itezzi [[udus anafuk|unagraw anafuk]] ɣef [[Ammas n umazellaw|wammas n umazellaw]]. Dɣa tafukt taggug s wazal n 27,000 n ifawatayen ɣef wammas n umazellaw.&lt;br/&gt;
Ma iwula kra n wemdan ɣer igenni deg yiḍ ad iẓer amur seg umazellaw n wasif n igenwan amzun d tadla n yitran, anda imezdaɣ n wezgen agafan n [[tiṭṭ n tfukt]] ẓerrent-id ama deg [[anebdu|unebdu]] neɣ deg [[amwan|umwan]] neɣ deg [[tagrest|tegrest]]. Ixef n aseflalay d tmeẓriwt tacraraqt yakk i umazellaw-a yettili-d deg taggara n unebdu d tazwara n umwan acku deg wakuden-a n useggas inezzeg (wasif n igenwan) seg [[tazdemt|tezdemt]] n [[tamesɣimt|tmesɣimt]] (''Cassiopeia'') alamma d [[sifus]] (''Cepheus'') deg ugafa seg wezgen asemran n igenni yakk seg tegrawt n yitran yettwassnen s [[akerdis n uwilen|ukerdis n uwilen]], sin akin ad yerdeb seg [[igli (tanzagt)|yigli]] ɣer [[Tagenzi (tasnetrit)|tgenzi]] yakk d [[tiɣirdemt (tasnetrit)|tɣirdemt]]. Isigniwen n tallunt teffren gar n ukerdis n uwilen d tgenzi yiwet n tjumma talemmast hrawen seg uɣaras n walim ayen i d-ittaǧǧan ittbin-d yegzen ɣer sin n wamuren, ma deg zdat n tgenzi d tɣirdemt yettili uɣaras n walim d aseflalay s waṭas acku d tanila-nni i d-immalen ammas n umazellaw. 

Asif n igenwan iga d aseflalay deg kra n tamiwin ugar n tamiwin niden. Anda tama i d-izzin i [[aẓiẓ wa iggadan|waẓiẓ wa iggadan]] (''Cygnus'') yettfejjij s waṭas, maca amur yehrawen s waṭas yerna iseflellayen s waṭas yezga-d deg unẓul ɣef [[imeẓli (tazdemt)|yimeẓli]] yerna yezmer wemdan ad tiẓer deg [[tallunt]] tagafant deg tmeddiyin n unebdu maca timeẓriwt tettili tefrar ugar deg tamiwin i d-izgan ɣer unẓul n [[Asebges|usebges]].

== Anulfu n wasif n igenwan ==
Imesnullanen settgen (ttaken lewhi) d akken asif n igenwan yennelfa-d send n wazal n 12-14 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, akken ittɣilen d akken [[amazellaw|amazellaw-a]] d win meẓẓiyen deg waddar s wassaɣ ɣer imazellawen niden yellan deg [[Asedday|usedday]], Aguccel n waddar-is yella-d s usemres n [[Tasnemdalɣisant|tesnemdalɣisant]].&lt;br/&gt;
Deg useggas n [[2007]] yettwasteg waddar n yiwen n yitri isem-is [[NGC 3199]] s wazal n 13,7 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, itri ayi izga-d deg wezɣar (beṛṛa) n umazellaw, yaggug ɣef [[tagnit|tegnit]] s 13.2 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen, akken i yettumeggez d [[tafekka tagnnawt|tafekka tagennawt]] tamzikant (taqburt) imur-nni anda i d-issers tilisa tiddayin i waddar n wasif n igenwan.&lt;ref name=&quot;frebel&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | doi= 10.1086/518122 | id={{Afaylu XI|astro-ph|0703414}} | title= Discovery of HE 1523-0901, a Strongly ''r''-Process-enhanced Metal-poor Star with Detected Uranium | year= 2007 | author= Frebel, Anna | journal= The Astrophysical Journal | volume= 660 | pages= L117 | last2= Christlieb | first2= Norbert | last3= Norris | first3= John E. | last4= Thom | first4= Christopher | last5= Beers | first5= Timothy C. | last6= Rhee | first6= Jaehyon}}&lt;/ref&gt; yella-d uselken seg ustag-a s [[aktaylal|waktaylal]] n '''UV-Visual Echelle''' n [[Imseddasen imeqqranen|umseddas ameqqran]].&lt;ref name=&quot;frebel&quot;/&gt;
Astag n waddar n yitran i d-izgan deg tagra tamazallawt tusdidt yezmer ad yili s tarrayt yettemcabin i HE 1523-0901. Igemmuden n [[akat|wakaten]] llan deg tlisa n 8.8 ± 1.7 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen yezrin, anecta yessumur-d d akken kra n wenkar addar-is 5 n imelyaṛen n iseggasen yella dinna gar n tallit n  yisni d tagra tusdidt.&lt;ref name=&quot;del_Peloso&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053307 | bibcode= 2005A&amp;A...440.1153D | id={{Afaylu XI|astro-ph|0506458}} | title=The age of the Galactic thin disk from Th/Eu nucleocosmochronology | year=2005 | author=Del Peloso, E. F. | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=440 | pages=1153}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== isegra n uɣaras n walim ==
[[Tugna:Milky Way Arms it.svg|270px|thumb|right|iɣallen n umazellaw d wadeg n [[tafukt|tfukt]], Tinliwin yemgaraden yeddan seg wadeg n tfukt mmalent-d [[Tazdemt|tigrawin titrawin]]. Akken i d-temmal talɣa-nni hiwet n tama ur ttwaẓran ara deg-s yitran s usrag n tneẓẓi n igedṛuren deg wammas n umazellaw.]]

[[Tugna:OrionSpur.png|270px|thumb|right|Talɣa n [[iɣil n umanar|yiɣil n umanar]] s unect n umagrad ussnan n kra n imusnawen yettwafsaren deg: {{cite journal|author|title=Spiral Structure in the Outer Galactic Disk. I. The Third Galactic Quadrant|url= http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...672..930V|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=672|issue=2|pages=930–939|year=2008|month=January|doi=10.1086/524003|akala n ufaylu= https://web.archive.org/web/20190830120244/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...672..930V|azemz n ufaylu=2019-08-30}}]]
[[Tugna:Via Láctea de perfil.jpg|thumb|left |280px|Tamudemt n umazellaw agriwel degs tagra, d nnig-s yakk s ddaw-as yella yisni igebren seg timsegrawin titrawin yettwazuzzren.]]

Aɣaras n walim yettumeggez d yisen seg [[amazellaw agriwel|imazellawen igriwlen]] imeqqranen. Ttezzi ɣef yiman-is yiwet n tuzzya yal 250 n imelyan n iseggasen, akken i tezzin degs yitran-is s urured yemgaraden anda itran yellan deg wammas-is i tezzin s urured d tazzla wala itran illan deg ijufaṛ-is akken daɣen i yella wemgarad deg rdusi n [[Taldayt|teldayt]] seg wadeg ɣer wayeṭ deg umazellaw s usrag n tmerniwt n tneẓẓi n yitran deg kra n tamiwin, anda ixeddmen isemda-nni deg tguri n yiɣallen igriwlen i umazellaw. [[Udus anafuk]] yezga-d deg yiwen seg yiɣalen-nni yettusemman [[iɣil n umanar]] i d-izgan deg wazal n sin n yikṛaden (⅔) n uzen-kdu n umazellaw. Akken iy gber umazellaw n uɣaras n walim seg waṭas n yiɣallen igriwlen niden i d-issentayen seg umazellaw sin akin ad negzen ɣer uzɣar (beṛṛa). Gar n yiɣallen yella [[iɣil n wemẓiw|yiɣil n wemẓiw]] (''Perseue arm'') igan d iɣil amaddas fellaɣ deg tama n ijifeṛ n umazellaw, yakk d [[Iɣil n imeẓli|Iɣil n imeẓli]] (''Sagittarius arm'') yudsen fellaɣ seg tama n wammas n umazellaw. Aɣaras n walim yegber daɣen seg waṭas n yiɣallen niden i d-izgan deg tagra n umazellaw, dɣa ttwasemman s yirem n iɣallen acku yal yiwen deg-sen yettak taɣara s [[tazdemt|tezdemt]] yettfeǧǧijen s waṭas deg-s. Amedya, [[iɣil n wemẓiw]] yettak taɣara s tezdemt n [[amẓiw (tazdemt)|wemẓiw]], ma d [[iɣil n imeẓli]] yettak taɣara s tezdemt n [[imeẓli (tazdemt)|imeẓli]], akken daɣen i yella [[iɣil n umanar|yiɣil n umanar]] igrbren [[Amanar|tazdemt n umanar]] deg wanda yella yiwen seg [[Asignew|yisigniwen]] yettwassnen yakk, isem-is [[asignew n umanar]].

''''Tamuski n [[amazellaw|umazellaw]] tebṭa ɣef 3 n yismilen igejdanen''': 
* '''[[Aweggir amazallaw]]''': tga d tuffet azun-mezzay yettak-d tafat, yettili deg wammas n umazellaw. [[Akat|Akaten]] n mraw n iseggasen-a yezrin sseknen-d d tilin n [[amruj aberkan|wemruj aberkan]] d acafcal deg wammas n umazellaw, [[takura|takura-ines]] tla (tesɛa) azal n sin n imelyan n tkura tanafukt. Tehri-ines trennu s tmerniwt n waddar n umazellaw akken yella deg uweggir-a amsegraw meqqren s waṭas n yitran d igedṛuren inamdalen. Timeẓriwt n uweggir yuffen n umazellaw d win ifraren deg yiṭ acku tla asefliley ussis ɣas akken timeẓriwt n tfawtin-is tigensawin temray (tewɛer) s usrag tuget n igedṛuren iteffren tafat.
* '''Iɣallen''': d ayen i d-itezzin i yiweggiren imazallawen igriwlen, gan d icafcalen, tezzin ɣef wammas n umazellaw. Am [[iɣil n umanar]] yaggugen s wazal n 26,000 n [[Afawatay|yifawatayen]] seg [[ammas n umazellaw|wammas n umazellaw]]. Imusnawen ssetgen-d d akken amdan n yitran yellan deg yiɣil-a yessawaṭ ɣer 200,000 n yitran, gar-asen [[tafukt]. Akken i d-ssetgen [[akdu]] n  umazellaw s wazal n 110,000 n ifawatayen, dɣa tafukt tettili deg wuggug n 30,000 n ifawatayen ɣef wammas n umazellaw deg yiɣil n umanar. Teɣzi n yiɣil n umanar n umanar tettawaṭ ɣer 6,500 n ifawatayen ma d tuzert-is azal n 1000 n ifawatayen
* '''[[Izɣuɣ amazallaw|Izɣuɣ]]''': d tamrest tamezzayt i d-izzin ɣef ugaraw n tegra tamazallawt alamma d istumen yaggugen, Akdu-ines yettawaṭ alamma d 150,000 n ifawatayen, tegber seg igazen yemgaraden d isignewen inamdalen akken i tegber seg [[agazu atraw|timsegrawin titrawin]] yettwazuzren deg yal adeg  ama s ddaw neɣ sufell n tegra. Timsegrawin-nni tezzint ɣef wammas n umazellaw s usrag n tilin [[amruj aberkan|wemruj aberkan]] deg wammas n umazellaw
=== Talɣa tamatut ===
[[Tugna:COBE's Milky Way Map in False-color.jpg|right| thumb| 230px|Tugna n umazellaw n uɣaras n walim s [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|izenzaren iderzeggaɣen]] i d-ittwaṭṭfen s tanawt [[COBE]]]]

[[Tugna:Milky way profile.svg|right|thumb| 270px|Alegdis azenzaɣ n uɣaris n walim]]
[[Tugna:MilkyWay behind Tree 2.jpg|right|thumb| 230px|Aɣaris n walim akken i d-ten-ttwali deg yiṭ.]]
Tazrawt n tmuski n uɣaras n walim d tin imrayen (iweɛṛen) s usrag n igedṛuren iteffren aṭas seg tafat, s tenmgalt n uẓabaẓ n tezrawt n talɣiwin d [[tasengama|tsengaman]] n imazellawen niden yaggugen fellaɣ maca nẓerr-iten-tt seg beṛṛa, Yerna anecta yullel (iɛawn) imusnawen s waṭas deg tezrawt n izenzaren i d-ikkan seg umazellaw-nneɣ deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] s [[agensa|igensaten]] yakk s tmuski n [[asanay|isanayen]] deg tegnit i wakken ad anin [[Tayyugt n uṛadyu|tayyugin tiṛadyawin]] i d-itekken deg-s. 

Akin-a, yettumeggez d akken amazellaw n uɣaras n walim ila (isɛa) wuẓ neɣ semmus (4 neɣ 5) n iɣallen anda i trennu deg-sen tneẓẓi n yitran d igedṛuren, maca tura neẓra yakk d akken (tla tesɛa) aweggir d abeṛan mači d amezzay.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.faz.net/artikel/C30217/milchstrassen-geheimnisse-wie-viele-arme-hat-sie-30347866.html Aktuelle Nachrichten online - FAZ.NET&lt;!-- Azwel --&gt;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810082531/http://www.faz.net/artikel/C30217/milchstrassen-geheimnisse-wie-viele-arme-hat-sie-30347866.html |date=10 ɣuct 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yerna tegber seg 100 alamma d 300 n imelyaṛen n yitran d waṭas n [[agedṛur akemdal|ugedṛuṛ anamdal]] i d-ikeffun i wakken ad nnulfun s yis seg 600 alamma d umelyaṛ n yitran imaynuten. Ma d tasmekta n tenga deg umazellaw-a tettwasteg s wazal n 3,6&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;10&lt;sup&gt;41&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;kg, ma d akdy n tegra-ines azal n 100.000 n ifawatayen

Yella umazellaw n [[andṛumida]] i meqqren s wassaɣ ɣer umazellaw n wasif n igenwan anda akdu-ines yettawaṭ ɣer 150.000 n ifawatayen. Akken ig yella deg [[Tagrawt tadigant|tegrawt-nneɣ tadigant]] ugmam wis 3 deg temɣer igan d [[amazellaw n ukerdis]] neɣ [[amazellaw n ukerdis|Messier 33]] s unect n [[tajrit n Musier|tejrit n Musier]]. Akdu-ines ila azal n 50.000 n ifawatayen neɣ ahat tazurt n umazellaw n wasif n igenwan yugar 3 n tikkal uṭṭun i d-ittunefken sɣur umusnaw n [[Ustṛalya]] '''Brian Gaensler''' d trebbut-is (tarbaɛt-is) i d-ifesren yiwet n tegmi deg usentel-a aseggas n 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{Literatur|Autor=B. M. Gaensler, G. J. Madsen, S. Chatterjee, S. A. Mao|Titel=The Scale Height and Filling Factor of Warm Ionized Gas in the Milky Way|Sammelwerk=Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society|Band=39|Nummer=4|Jahr=2007|Seiten=762|Online=[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G Abstract]}} {{Cite Web |title=Archive copy |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G |access-date=2020-06-08 |archive-date=2017-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103120843/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AAS...211.1420G |url-status=bot: unknown }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Markus C. Schulte von Drach, : [http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/artikel/979/159547/ Die Milchstraße. Dicker als gedacht].'' sueddeutsche.de, 22. Februar 2008 – Artikel über neueste Forschungen von Bryan Gaensler und seinem Team. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080619184850/http://www.sueddeutsche.de/wissen/artikel/979/159547/ |date=19 يونيو 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ambiwel n ugaz zdat n wammas n umazellaw d usegder n yitran sskanayen-d d akken ammas-nni ur yelli ara d amezzay maca iga d abeṛday, d amaɣɣad. Abeṛdi ayi alemmas iggar-d tiɣmert azal-is 45° yakk d uzerrig yessawaṭen seg [[tafukt|tfukt]] ɣer wammas n umazellaw. 

Annay n [[Spitzer (amsaddas amalun)|umsaddas amalun n Spitzer]] [[Akat|ittakten]] [[tafat]] deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] d akken teɣzi n uberdi-nni tettawaṭ alamma d 27.000 n ifawatayen

S ugani ɣef tmusni-nneɣ d akken tazzla n tuzzya n [[tafukt|tfukt]] tettawaṭ ɣer 276 km/[[tasint|s]], imalla [[udus anafuk]] ɣef yibdi alemmas n umazellaw d wuggug n tfukt ɣef wammas ittaǧǧa ad yili usnis n [[Isudaf n Kepler|yisudaf n Kepler]] i wsiden n tesmekta n tenga deg wamur agensaw n umazellaw.&lt;ref&gt;Hans Joachim Störig: ''Knaurs moderne Astronomie'', Droemer Knaur, München, 1992, S. 197.&lt;/ref&gt; dɣa takura n tenga tummidt deg umazellaw n wasif n igenwan tga gar n 1,0 - 1,9 n imelyaṛen n [[Takura tanafukt|tkurawin tinafukin]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mpia.de/Public/menu_q2.php?Aktuelles/PR/2008/PR080527/PR_080527_de.html MPIA] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521031645/http://www.mpia.de/Public/menu_q2.php?Aktuelles/PR/2008/PR080527/PR_080527_de.html |date=21 mayu 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.wissenschaft-aktuell.de/artikel/Keine_kleine_Schwester_mehr__Milchstrasse_zieht_mit_Andromeda_gleich_1771015585656.html Keine kleine Schwester mehr: Milchstraße zieht mit Andromeda gleich] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100818053422/http://www.wissenschaft-aktuell.de:80/artikel/Keine_kleine_Schwester_mehr__Milchstrasse_zieht_mit_Andromeda_gleich_1771015585656.html |date=18 ɣuct 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- woher stammt die Aussage mit den 1,9 Bio.--&gt;, ma d takura n umazellaw n andṛumida tga azal n 1.2 n imelyaṛen n tkurawin tinafukin.

=== Izɣuɣ ===
{{Main|Izɣuɣ amazallaw}}
Itezzi-d yiwen n izɣuɣ amezzay ɣef tegra n umazellaw, akdu n yizɣuɣ-a tettawaṭ ɣer 165.000 n ifawatayen, ittaṭṭaf-it yiwen n welmes n ugaz. Akken i llant deg-s (zdat n [[agazu atraw|iguza itrawen]]) aṭas n yitran imziken (iqdimen) yerna d imazgayen, gar-asen wid yeṭṭafaren asesmel n '''RR-Lyrae''' d ugaz adersan n tneẓẓi akken illan daɣen yitran d izegzawen i d-innulfan d imaynuten, tikurawin-nsen meqqer-it yerna lan (sɛan) tafasa tussist. S tmerniwt ɣer wannecta tettwasteg [[tanga tamallast|tenga tamallast]] i d-ikeffun i wakken ad ttger azal n 1000 n imelyaṛen n tkurawin tinafukin, maca imusnawen ar tura ur ẓrin ara d acu i d tanga tamallast acku mazal ṭṭafarwn isemda-ines war ma ad afen akat-is neɣ ad ttwalin, s wakka ad yili yizɣuɣ d ilem deg ugedṛur maca igber kan seg kra n [[Agazu atraw|iguza itrawen]] n yitran imezgiyen yeṭṭafaren '''[[asesmel atraw]] II''' ilan [[tamaɣuzt]] drusen

=== Tagra (aḍebsi) ===
Amur ameqran n yitran ttumeggzen d akken-iten msegrawen (nnejmaɛen) deg tagra n umazellaw yerna asegder-is amzun d alugan. Tagra tegber s talɣa tagejdant seg yitran yeṭṭafaren asesmel 2 ilan afimidi meqqren n [[tamaɣuzt|tmaɣuzt]] (imɣuzen iẓẓayen ɣef uhidṛujin d [[Hilium|uhilium]]) 

==== Iɣallen igriwlen ====
Amur deg Tegra ssiliɣen-t-id yiɣallen igriwlen yellan deg wudus anafuk. Tiɣalltin-a gebrent seg isigniwen meqqren d temsegrawin n [[hidṛujin|uhidṛjin]] d tamiwin n [[Tama HII|tamiwin n H II]] anda i d-ttnulfun yitran d imaynuten. Ɣef wanecta illan deg yiɣallen itrawen ilulen.&lt;br/&gt;
Deg waddar n yitri ad yettembiwel seg wadeg anda i d-ilul w ad ttwasedger deg tagra. Maca itran icafcalen ilan takura meqqren (ugar n tkura n tfukt seg 10 ɣer 100 n tikkal) ur sen-d-ikeffu ara wakud i wembiwel deg tagra acku ttfakkan deg wadeg anda i d-lulen. Seg yitran-nni icafcalen deg tkura llan isesmilen '''O''' d '''B''' d [[acafcal azeggaɣ|ucafcal azeggaɣ]] d [[amergagu|yitran imergaguyen]], Dɣa addar n yal yiwen deg-sen ur yugar ara 100 n iseggase, itran-a ssiliɣen-d azal n 1% seg yitran n umazellaw ma d amur ameqqran deg yitran n umazellaw n wasif n igenwan gan d itran imziken imezgiyen anda yal itri ila [[takura]] yegdan agla n tfukt neɣ s ddaw-as.

Deg yunyu 2008, yiwet n tegrawt n imusnawen seg [[Taseddawit n Wisconsin–Madison|tseddawit n Wisconsin–Madison]] tefser-d yiwet n tegmi ɣef westag-nsen i wannayen i d-gran deg tɣult n [[azenzar aderzeggaɣ|uzenzar aderzeggaɣ]] s umsaddas amalun n Spitzer, tegmi ayi tesskanay-d d akken amazellaw n wasif n igenwan ila sin n yiɣallen kan. Yiwen d iɣil n imeẓli wis sin d iɣil n tseddakamt.&lt;ref&gt;[http://science.orf.at/science/news/151692 Artikel auf science.orf.at] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317101459/https://science.orf.at/science/news/151692 |date=17 meɣres 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- zu ueberpruefen, wenn die eigentliche Arbeit veroeffentlicht ist --&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ismawen n iɣallen
|- class=&quot;hintergrundfarbe6&quot;
!Isem 
!Tikwal isem-is
!Deg tesnallunt
|-
|Iɣil n uzadur
|Tindert tis 3
|''Ulac ''
|-
|[[Iɣil n waylanca]]
|Iɣil n Sagittarius
| −II
|-
|[[Iɣil n imeẓli]]
|Iɣil n imeẓli-zadur
| −I
|-
|[[Iɣil n umanar]]
|Iɣil adigan
| 0
|-
|[[Iɣil n wemẓiw]]
|''Ulac''
| +I
|-
|[[iɣil n waẓiẓ wa iggadan]]
|Iɣil uffiɣ
| +II
|}

[[Tugna:Southerncross gb.gif|thumb|Asif n igenwan deg tnila n [[Iɣil n wemẓiw|yiɣil n wemẓiw]], ɣer tama tayeffust yella [[Asignew n tseddakamt|usignew n tseddakamt]] yettfeǧǧijen d [[Tama HII|tama n uhidṛujin II]]]]

«''D acu-ten isemda isengamen i d-igellun s unulfu n yiɣallen deg umazellaw''» asteqsi ayi d taluft ur nli (ur nesɛi) tiririt ibanen, d acu kan yettwassen d akken itran d iɣallen ur bedden ara maca ttnwiwlen (ttḥerriken) deg temsegrawin i d-izzin i wammas n umazellaw. Kra n imusnawen ttarmen (tteɛṛaden) ad ssegzun anulfu n iɣallen s teẓri n tayyugin n tneẓẓi i d-igellun s tmerniwt n tneẓẓi n yitran deg yiɣallen, s wakka ad mmagen yitran d imaynuten

==== Itran n tegra ====

== Tagrawt tadigant ==

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==

== Immiren ==

[[Taggayt:Tasnallunt]]
[[Taggayt:Imazellawen]]
[[Taggayt:Aɣaras n walim]]</text>
      <sha1>hn4hcl7818011zr9ny25y7u1m7yg709</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tiddi (aseklu)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>20352</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115707</id>
      <parentid>103698</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T23:43:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115707</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1769" sha1="j9f0uj2tjktj8xn0jbl98kez76nbzgy" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox}}
'''Tiddi''' neɣ '''Azel''' neɣ '''Timerwelt''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Cupressus''') d [[tawsit (tudersent)|tawsit]] n [[aseklu|yisekla]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[tiddiwin (tawacult)|tiddiwin]]. [[Talmest|Tilmas]] n tewsit-a ttemɣayen-tt-d deg yideggan [[anezwu amnummes|imnummsanen]] iẓeɣlen n wezgen agafan n tegnit. Amḍan n telmas-is d win igan gar n 16 alamma d 31 n telmas, yerna llant waṭas n telmas ttwaẓẓawent acku ttumeggzent d imɣan n wedlag. Tiddiwin gant d [[tizumbiyin|tisekliwin tizumbiyin]].

== Aglam ==
Tiddi d aseklu n [[imɣi n wedlag|wedlag]], degs gar n 16 alamma d 31 n telmas. Ttwassnent yakk d akken-itent d [[ameɣlal n tizzegzut|timɣelzegzawin]] yerna [[Akebbib|ikebbiben-]]nsent ččuren d iferran. Ijeǧǧigen-is d [[taynuzzuft|iynazzufen]] (''monosexuality''), d [[taynazduɣt|iynazduɣen]] (''Monoecious''). Dɣa ijeǧǧigen [[awtem|iwetmen]] myaṭṭafen ma d [[ifes|yifsan-is]] meẓẓiy-it. Addud (lqedd) n tiddi yettawaṭ alamma d 30 m maca tgemmu s krakra.

== Umuɣ n telmas ==

* [[Tiddi n Santa Cruz]] — (''Cupressus abramsiana'')
* [[Tiddi n Arizona]] — (''Cupressus arizonica'')
* [[Tiddi n Waṭlas]] — (''Cupressus atlantica'') 
* [[Tiddi n Baker]] — (''Cupressus bakeri'')
* [[Tiddi tagraklant (imɣi)|Tiddi wegrakal]] - (''Cupressus sempervirens'') 
* [[Tiddi n Kecmir]] — (''Cupressus cashmeriana'')
* [[Tarut]] — (''Cupressus dupreziana'') 
* [[Tiddi m-imeṭṭi]] — (''Cupressus funebris'') 

== Asedger araklan ==

== Asemres (iseqdac) ==

== Tiddi d [[urnan|wurnan]] ==

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==
[[Taggayt:Tizumbiyin]]
[[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n yimɣan]]
[[Taggayt:Tiddiwin]]
[[Taggayt:Tiddi (imɣi)]]
[[Taggayt:imɣan]]
[[Taggayt:imɣan n wedlag]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115714</id>
      <parentid>115707</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T23:51:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115714</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1773" sha1="lkkftahwlymjitg1pkm1vgskar7h89c" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox}}
'''Tiddi''' neɣ '''Azel''' neɣ '''Timerwelt''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Cupressus''') d [[tawsit (tudersent)|tawsit]] n [[aseklu|yisekla]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[tiddiwin (tawacult)|tiddiwin]]. [[Talmest|Tilmas]] n tewsit-a ttemɣayen-tt-d deg yideggan [[anezwu amnummes|imnummsanen]] iẓeɣlen n wezgen agafan n tegnit. Amḍan n telmas-is d win igan gar n 16 alamma d 31 n telmas, yerna llant waṭas n telmas ttwaẓẓawent acku ttumeggzent d imɣan n wedlag. Tiddiwin gant d [[tizumbiyin|tisekliwin tizumbiyin]].

== Aglam ==
Tiddi d aseklu n [[imɣi n wedlag|wedlag]], degs gar n 16 alamma d 31 n telmas. Ttwassnent yakk d akken-itent d [[ameɣlal n tizzegzut|timɣelzegzawin]] yerna [[Akebbib|ikebbiben-]]nsent ččuren d iferran. Ijeǧǧigen-is d [[taynuzzuft|iynazzufen]] (''monosexuality''), d [[taynazduɣt|iynazduɣen]] (''Monoecious''). Dɣa ijeǧǧigen [[awtem|iwetmen]] myaṭṭafen ma d [[ifes|yifsan-is]] meẓẓiy-it. Addud (lqedd) n tiddi yettawaṭ alamma d 30 m maca tgemmu s krakra.

== Umuɣ n telmas ==

* [[Tiddi n Santa Cruz]] — (''Cupressus abramsiana'')
* [[Tiddi n Arizona]] — (''Cupressus arizonica'')
* [[Azel|Tiddi n Waṭlas]] — (''Cupressus atlantica'') 
* [[Tiddi n Baker]] — (''Cupressus bakeri'')
* [[Tiddi tagraklant (imɣi)|Tiddi wegrakal]] - (''Cupressus sempervirens'') 
* [[Tiddi n Kecmir]] — (''Cupressus cashmeriana'')
* [[Tarut]] — (''Cupressus dupreziana'') 
* [[Tiddi m-imeṭṭi]] — (''Cupressus funebris'')

== Asedger araklan ==

== Asemres (iseqdac) ==

== Tiddi d [[urnan|wurnan]] ==

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==
[[Taggayt:Tizumbiyin]]
[[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n yimɣan]]
[[Taggayt:Tiddiwin]]
[[Taggayt:Tiddi (imɣi)]]
[[Taggayt:imɣan]]
[[Taggayt:imɣan n wedlag]]</text>
      <sha1>lkkftahwlymjitg1pkm1vgskar7h89c</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taqqa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>20367</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115706</id>
      <parentid>115630</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T23:34:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115706</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1539" sha1="hhruoljug9irf2ruaoedcqbgk6fflp3" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox}}
'''Taqqa''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Juniperus''') d yiwet n [[tawsit (tudersent)|tewsit]] n [[tizumbiyin|tzumbiyin]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[tiddiwin (tawacult)|tiddiwin]]. Tawsit-a tla (tesɛa) azal n 50 n [[talmest|telmas]] [[imɣi imezgi|timazgayin]] d [[ameɣlal n tizzegzut|timɣelzegzawin]]. Iferran-nsent d inamsaden, d usdiden.

Tilmas-is ttemɣayen-tt-d deg Uṛuppa, Tamrikt n Ugafa, [[Asya]] yakk d [[Tafriqt|Tferka]]. Addud-nsent (leɛli-nsent) iga gar n 4 alamma d 15 m, akken i llant kra n telmas yettawaḍen alamma d 25 neɣ 30 m. Taqqa tettlawa akal ar-amsirwan, akken i tettlawa tadersi n waman yakk d teflel (leɛli) yettawaḍen ɣer 4500 m dennig n yilel.

== Tamseknit ==

== Umuɣ n telmas ==
* [[Ayfez]] – (''Juniperus communis'').
* [[Aywal]] — (''Juniperus thurifera'').
* [[Taqqa n Ccinwa]] — (''Juniperus chinensis'').
* [[Taqqa tadeglant]] — (''Juniperus cedrus'').
* [[Taqqa n Surya]] — (''Juniperus drupacea'').
* [[Taqqa wegrik]] — (''Juniperus excelsa'')
* [[Taqqa tiglint]] — (''Juniperus horizontalis'').
* [[Taqqa tazeggaɣt]] — (''Juniperus phoenicea'').
* [[Taqqa n Virginia]] — (''Juniperus virginiana'').
* [[Taqqa weẓru]] — (''Juniperus scopulorum'')
* [[Tamerbuṭ]] – (''Juniperus oxycedrus'').

== Asemres ==

== Aṭṭanen ==

== Igburen ikruranen n taqqa ==

== Tiwlafin ==

== Ẓeṛ daɣen ==
* [[Idgel]]

[[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n yimɣan]]
[[Taggayt:imɣan]]
[[Taggayt:tizumbiyin]]
[[Taggayt:Tiddiwin]]
[[Taggayt:Taqqa]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Tajmaɛt/Yebrir 2026</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>25360</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115705</id>
      <parentid>115662</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T17:11:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>4167</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) */ tigezmi tamaynut</comment>
      <origin>115705</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4447" sha1="ixi2o9d7e8bu3y179im98oja5eh0o7z" xml:space="preserve">== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message envoyé par User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&amp;oldid=28552112 --&gt;

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Amseqdac:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Amyannan umsqedac:MediaWiki message delivery|asqerdec]]) 3 Yebrir 2026 à 17:11 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message envoyé par User:ZI Jony@metawiki en utilisant la liste sur https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29941252 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ixi2o9d7e8bu3y179im98oja5eh0o7z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Azel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25367</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115715</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-03T23:59:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Asebtar amaynut: {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Azel''' neɣ '''Tiddi n Waṭlas ''' neɣ '''Azel n Waṭlas''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Cupressus atlantica''') d [[talmest]] n isekla timidrust yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[Tiddiwin (tawacult)|teddiwin]]. Talmest-a tettemɣay-d deg kra kan n yideggan n [[Idurar n Waṭlas|Yidurar n Waṭlas]] di tmurt n [[Ameṛṛuk|Lmeṛṛuk]].  == Tiwlafin ==  == Imniren == [[Taggayt:Tiddiwin]] [[Taggayt:imɣan]] [[Taggayt:Tiddi]]</comment>
      <origin>115715</origin>
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      <text bytes="469" sha1="je3gsnf5sl8zyuglnfbmdurw0wwlkd4" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox}}
'''Azel''' neɣ '''Tiddi n Waṭlas ''' neɣ '''Azel n Waṭlas''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Cupressus atlantica''') d [[talmest]] n isekla timidrust yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[Tiddiwin (tawacult)|teddiwin]]. Talmest-a tettemɣay-d deg kra kan n yideggan n [[Idurar n Waṭlas|Yidurar n Waṭlas]] di tmurt n [[Ameṛṛuk|Lmeṛṛuk]].

== Tiwlafin ==

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:Tiddiwin]]
[[Taggayt:imɣan]]
[[Taggayt:Tiddi]]</text>
      <sha1>je3gsnf5sl8zyuglnfbmdurw0wwlkd4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115716</id>
      <parentid>115715</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T00:00:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115716</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="469" sha1="j185usfqjfpo8kpk8d2qfa5tbtcv2fk" xml:space="preserve">{{Automatic taxobox}}
'''Azel''' neɣ '''Tiddi n Waṭlas ''' neɣ '''Azel n Waṭlas''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Cupressus atlantica''') d [[talmest]] n isekla timidrust yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[Tiddiwin (tawacult)|teddiwin]]. Talmest-a tettemɣay-d deg kra kan n yideggan n [[Idurar n waṭlas|Yidurar n Waṭlas]] di tmurt n [[Ameṛṛuk|Lmeṛṛuk]].

== Tiwlafin ==

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:Tiddiwin]]
[[Taggayt:imɣan]]
[[Taggayt:Tiddi]]</text>
      <sha1>j185usfqjfpo8kpk8d2qfa5tbtcv2fk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iferdisen n umegganu D</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25368</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115726</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T10:48:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Asebtar amaynut: '''Amegganu D n tfelwit tawalant''' di [[tafelwit tawalant|tfelwit tawalant]] d iferdisen n [[tagrawt n tfelwit tawalant|tegrawin]] igebren seg yiferdisen-nni mi ara ad ilin deg [[addad agejdan (tafizikt)|waddad abelkam adagnay]], ihi [[Aliktrun|aliktṛun]] ilan [[tafasa]] meqren yakk yettili deg [[amezzay abelkam|umezzay]] D. Akken i ttwassnen s [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]].   Iferdisen n taggayt D segren seg 10 n yijga irataken d 4 n tuzzyiwin tiglawanin, akken i ge...</comment>
      <origin>115726</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="690" sha1="bar04uczvz9fbe2ep6hkcpvc7rwkef7" xml:space="preserve">'''Amegganu D n tfelwit tawalant''' di [[tafelwit tawalant|tfelwit tawalant]] d iferdisen n [[tagrawt n tfelwit tawalant|tegrawin]] igebren seg yiferdisen-nni mi ara ad ilin deg [[addad agejdan (tafizikt)|waddad abelkam adagnay]], ihi [[Aliktrun|aliktṛun]] ilan [[tafasa]] meqren yakk yettili deg [[amezzay abelkam|umezzay]] D. Akken i ttwassnen s [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]]. 

Iferdisen n taggayt D segren seg 10 n yijga irataken d 4 n tuzzyiwin tiglawanin, akken i gebren seg 8 n tegrawin, yal tagrawt tegber seg yiwen n ujgu aratak anagar [[tagrawt tis 8 n tfelwit tawalant|tagrawt VIII]] igebren seg 3 n yijga irataken. Dɣa amegganu D igber seg 40 n iferdisen. 

== Imniren ==</text>
      <sha1>bar04uczvz9fbe2ep6hkcpvc7rwkef7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115727</id>
      <parentid>115726</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T10:49:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115727</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="719" sha1="1k95l8z70zpskg31nmnqn4zt750895q" xml:space="preserve">'''Amegganu D n tfelwit tawalant''' di [[tafelwit tawalant|tfelwit tawalant]] d iferdisen n [[tagrawt n tfelwit tawalant|tegrawin]] igebren seg yiferdisen-nni mi ara ad ilin deg [[addad agejdan (tafizikt)|waddad abelkam adagnay]], ihi [[Aliktrun|aliktṛun]] ilan [[tafasa]] meqren yakk yettili deg [[amezzay abelkam|umezzay]] D. Akken i ttwassnen s [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]]. 

Iferdisen n taggayt D segren seg 10 n yijga irataken d 4 n tuzzyiwin tiglawanin, akken i gebren seg 8 n tegrawin, yal tagrawt tegber seg yiwen n ujgu aratak anagar [[tagrawt tis 8 n tfelwit tawalant|tagrawt VIII]] igebren seg 3 n yijga irataken. Dɣa amegganu D igber seg 40 n iferdisen. 

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:irmawen ifiziken]]</text>
      <sha1>1k95l8z70zpskg31nmnqn4zt750895q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115728</id>
      <parentid>115727</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T10:54:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Abillardoo yebeddel isem n usebtar seg [[Amegganu n tfelwit tawalant]] ar [[Iferdisen n umegganu D]]</comment>
      <origin>115727</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="719" sha1="1k95l8z70zpskg31nmnqn4zt750895q" xml:space="preserve">'''Amegganu D n tfelwit tawalant''' di [[tafelwit tawalant|tfelwit tawalant]] d iferdisen n [[tagrawt n tfelwit tawalant|tegrawin]] igebren seg yiferdisen-nni mi ara ad ilin deg [[addad agejdan (tafizikt)|waddad abelkam adagnay]], ihi [[Aliktrun|aliktṛun]] ilan [[tafasa]] meqren yakk yettili deg [[amezzay abelkam|umezzay]] D. Akken i ttwassnen s [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]]. 

Iferdisen n taggayt D segren seg 10 n yijga irataken d 4 n tuzzyiwin tiglawanin, akken i gebren seg 8 n tegrawin, yal tagrawt tegber seg yiwen n ujgu aratak anagar [[tagrawt tis 8 n tfelwit tawalant|tagrawt VIII]] igebren seg 3 n yijga irataken. Dɣa amegganu D igber seg 40 n iferdisen. 

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:irmawen ifiziken]]</text>
      <sha1>1k95l8z70zpskg31nmnqn4zt750895q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115736</id>
      <parentid>115728</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:18:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115736</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="711" sha1="06mpyqpz08417hq7c9jg3opk1gux76u" xml:space="preserve">'''Amegganu D n tfelwit tawalant''' di [[tafelwit tawalant|tfelwit tawalant]] d iferdisen n [[tagrawt n tfelwit tawalant|tegrawin]] igebren seg yiferdisen-nni mi ara ad ilin deg [[addad agejdan (tafizikt)|waddad abelkam adagnay]], ihi [[Aliktrun|aliktṛun]] ilan [[tafasa]] meqren yakk yettili deg [[amezzay abelkam|umezzay]] D. Akken i ttwassnen s [[Azara n usaka|yizaran n usaka]]. 

Iferdisen n taggayt D segren seg 10 n yijga irataken d 4 n tuzzyiwin tiglawanin, akken i gebren seg 8 n tegrawin, yal tagrawt tegber seg yiwen n ujgu aratak anagar [[Iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8|tagrawt VIII]] igebren seg 3 n yijga irataken. Dɣa amegganu D igber seg 40 n iferdisen.

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:irmawen ifiziken]]</text>
      <sha1>06mpyqpz08417hq7c9jg3opk1gux76u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Amegganu n tfelwit tawalant</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25369</id>
    <redirect title="Iferdisen n umegganu D" />
    <revision>
      <id>115729</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T10:54:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Abillardoo yebeddel isem n usebtar seg [[Amegganu n tfelwit tawalant]] ar [[Iferdisen n umegganu D]]</comment>
      <origin>115729</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="39" sha1="5mlmmotnf9cq3yw43w67i34fd1aiwif" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECTION [[Iferdisen n umegganu D]]</text>
      <sha1>5mlmmotnf9cq3yw43w67i34fd1aiwif</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25370</id>
    <revision>
      <id>115731</id>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:14:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Asebtar amaynut:  &lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:20px;text-align:center&quot;&gt; &lt;table&gt; &lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; Tagrawt n tfelwit tawalant|'''Tagrawt'']]&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;'''8'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;[[Tawala n tfelwit tawalant|'''Tawala''']]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 4|'''4''']]&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#ffc0c0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;22&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[uzzal|Fe]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 5|'''5''']]&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#ffc0c0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;40&lt;/s...</comment>
      <origin>115731</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1343" sha1="tsbc15inlhxyof5tvsc5gab545xnem9" xml:space="preserve">
&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:20px;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
&lt;table&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
Tagrawt n tfelwit tawalant|'''Tagrawt'']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''8'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[Tawala n tfelwit tawalant|'''Tawala''']]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 4|'''4''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#ffc0c0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;22&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[uzzal|Fe]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 5|'''5''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#ffc0c0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;40&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Aṛutinyum|Ru]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 6|'''6''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(255, 192, 192);&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;72&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Usmyum|Os]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 7|'''7''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(255, 192, 192);&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;104&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Hasyum|Hs]]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

'''iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8''' d iferdisen yellan di [[tafelwit tawalant|tfelwit tawalant n iferdisen]] deg tegrawt tis 8. Iferdisen ayi d: 
* [[Uzzal]] (26)
* [[Aṛutinyum]] (44)
* [[Usmyum]] 76) 
* [[Hasyum]](&lt;FONT COLOR=RED&gt;108&lt;/FONT&gt;)
Iferdisen yezrin yakk yettili-d usersi-nsen deg tegrawt tis 7 acku d wid ilan 4 n [[Aliktrun|iliktṛunen]] deg tissi-nsen aneggar. Ahasyum ur yelli ara deg ugama, d ayen yeǧǧan ittwaxdam-d deg [[asnidi|yisnidan]].</text>
      <sha1>tsbc15inlhxyof5tvsc5gab545xnem9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115732</id>
      <parentid>115731</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:14:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115732</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1345" sha1="9z97oefivhjdyyfcd318ul6lj3mt326" xml:space="preserve">
&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:20px;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
&lt;table&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
[[Tagrawt n tfelwit tawalant|'''Tagrawt'']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''8'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[Tawala n tfelwit tawalant|'''Tawala''']]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 4|'''4''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#ffc0c0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;22&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[uzzal|Fe]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 5|'''5''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#ffc0c0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;40&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Aṛutinyum|Ru]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 6|'''6''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(255, 192, 192);&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;72&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Usmyum|Os]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 7|'''7''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(255, 192, 192);&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;104&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Hasyum|Hs]]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

'''iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8''' d iferdisen yellan di [[tafelwit tawalant|tfelwit tawalant n iferdisen]] deg tegrawt tis 8. Iferdisen ayi d: 
* [[Uzzal]] (26)
* [[Aṛutinyum]] (44)
* [[Usmyum]] 76) 
* [[Hasyum]](&lt;FONT COLOR=RED&gt;108&lt;/FONT&gt;)
Iferdisen yezrin yakk yettili-d usersi-nsen deg tegrawt tis 7 acku d wid ilan 4 n [[Aliktrun|iliktṛunen]] deg tissi-nsen aneggar. Ahasyum ur yelli ara deg ugama, d ayen yeǧǧan ittwaxdam-d deg [[asnidi|yisnidan]].</text>
      <sha1>9z97oefivhjdyyfcd318ul6lj3mt326</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115733</id>
      <parentid>115732</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:14:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115733</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1345" sha1="irz04tjudzc68ix9dz4jh0xatigd4kc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:20px;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
&lt;table&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
[[Tagrawt n tfelwit tawalant|'''Tagrawt''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''8'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[Tawala n tfelwit tawalant|'''Tawala''']]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 4|'''4''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#ffc0c0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;22&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[uzzal|Fe]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 5|'''5''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#ffc0c0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;40&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Aṛutinyum|Ru]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 6|'''6''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(255, 192, 192);&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;72&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Usmyum|Os]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 7|'''7''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(255, 192, 192);&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;104&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Hasyum|Hs]]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

'''iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8''' d iferdisen yellan di [[tafelwit tawalant|tfelwit tawalant n iferdisen]] deg tegrawt tis 8. Iferdisen ayi d: 
* [[Uzzal]] (26)
* [[Aṛutinyum]] (44)
* [[Usmyum]] 76) 
* [[Hasyum]](&lt;FONT COLOR=RED&gt;108&lt;/FONT&gt;)
Iferdisen yezrin yakk yettili-d usersi-nsen deg tegrawt tis 7 acku d wid ilan 4 n [[Aliktrun|iliktṛunen]] deg tissi-nsen aneggar. Ahasyum ur yelli ara deg ugama, d ayen yeǧǧan ittwaxdam-d deg [[asnidi|yisnidan]].</text>
      <sha1>irz04tjudzc68ix9dz4jh0xatigd4kc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115734</id>
      <parentid>115733</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:15:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115734</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1345" sha1="0qwszru72mc9o6kozywd0js65myb4um" xml:space="preserve">'''iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8''' d iferdisen yellan di [[tafelwit tawalant|tfelwit tawalant n iferdisen]] deg tegrawt tis 8. Iferdisen ayi d: 
* [[Uzzal]] (26)
* [[Aṛutinyum]] (44)
* [[Usmyum]] 76) 
* [[Hasyum]](&lt;FONT COLOR=RED&gt;108&lt;/FONT&gt;)
Iferdisen yezrin yakk yettili-d usersi-nsen deg tegrawt tis 7 acku d wid ilan 4 n [[Aliktrun|iliktṛunen]] deg tissi-nsen aneggar. Ahasyum ur yelli ara deg ugama, d ayen yeǧǧan ittwaxdam-d deg [[asnidi|yisnidan]].

&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:20px;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
&lt;table&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
[[Tagrawt n tfelwit tawalant|'''Tagrawt''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''8'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[Tawala n tfelwit tawalant|'''Tawala''']]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 4|'''4''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#ffc0c0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;22&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[uzzal|Fe]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 5|'''5''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#ffc0c0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;40&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Aṛutinyum|Ru]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 6|'''6''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(255, 192, 192);&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;72&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Usmyum|Os]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 7|'''7''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(255, 192, 192);&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;104&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Hasyum|Hs]]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0qwszru72mc9o6kozywd0js65myb4um</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>115735</id>
      <parentid>115734</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-04-04T11:16:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Abillardoo</username>
        <id>16203</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>115735</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1381" sha1="kge3oxa9cg0caamzihhngfqs5y8lz4t" xml:space="preserve">'''iferdisen n tegrawt tis 8''' d iferdisen yellan di [[tafelwit tawalant|tfelwit tawalant n iferdisen]] deg tegrawt tis 8. Iferdisen ayi d: 
* [[Uzzal]] (26)
* [[Aṛutinyum]] (44)
* [[Usmyum]] 76) 
* [[Hasyum]](&lt;FONT COLOR=RED&gt;108&lt;/FONT&gt;)
Iferdisen yezrin yakk yettili-d usersi-nsen deg tegrawt tis 7 acku d wid ilan 4 n [[Aliktrun|iliktṛunen]] deg tissi-nsen aneggar. Ahasyum ur yelli ara deg ugama, d ayen yeǧǧan ittwaxdam-d deg [[asnidi|yisnidan]].

&lt;div style=&quot;float:left;margin-left:10px;margin-bottom:20px;text-align:center&quot;&gt;
&lt;table&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
[[Tagrawt n tfelwit tawalant|'''Tagrawt''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td&gt;'''8'''&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[Tawala n tfelwit tawalant|'''Tawala''']]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 4|'''4''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#ffc0c0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;22&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[uzzal|Fe]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 5|'''5''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td bgcolor=&quot;#ffc0c0&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;40&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Aṛutinyum|Ru]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 6|'''6''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(255, 192, 192);&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;72&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Usmyum|Os]]&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;td&gt;[[iferdisen n twala 7|'''7''']]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: rgb(255, 192, 192);&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;104&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[Hasyum|Hs]]&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:tafizikt]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>