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C Sharp
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{{Infobox programming language
| name = C#
| logo = [[File:C Sharp Logo 2023.svg|150px]]
| paradigm = [[Structured programming|Structured]], [[Imperative programming|imperative]], [[Object-oriented programming|object-oriented]], [[Event-driven programming|event-driven]], [[The Task-based Asynchronous Pattern|task-driven]], [[Functional programming|functional]], [[Generic programming|generic]], [[Reflective programming|reflective]], [[Concurrent computing|concurrent]]
| family = [[List of C-family programming languages|C]]
| year = 2000<ref>https://www.infoq.com/minibooks/emag-c-sharp-preview</ref>
| designer = [[Microsoft]]
| developer = Microsoft
| latest release version = 7.3<ref>https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-7-3</ref>
| latest release date = {{start date and age|2018|05|07}}
| latest preview version = 8.0<ref>{{cite web|title=What's new in C# 8.0|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-8|website=Microsoft Docs|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=2019-04-13}}</ref>
| latest preview date =
| typing = [[Static typing|static]], [[Dynamic typing|dynamic]],<ref name="dynamic" /> [[Type system#Strong and weak typing|strong]], [[Type system#Safely and unsafely typed systems|safe]], [[Nominative type system|nominative]], [[Type inference|partially inferred]]
| implementations = [[Microsoft Visual C Sharp|Visual C#]], [[.NET Framework]], [[Mono (software)|Mono]], [[.NET Core]], [[DotGNU|DotGNU (discontinued)]], [[Universal Windows Platform]]
| dialects = [[Cω]], [[Spec Sharp|Spec#]], [[Polyphonic C Sharp|Polyphonic C#]], [http://ecsharp.net Enhanced C#]
| influenced_by = [[C++]],<ref name="influenced by CPP" /> [[Cω]], [[Eiffel (programming language)|Eiffel]], [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]],{{efn|for async}}, [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]], [[Icon (programming language)|Icon]], [[J Sharp|J#]], [[Visual J++|J++]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]],<ref name="influenced by CPP" /> [[ML (programming language)|ML]], [[Modula-3]], [[Object Pascal]],<ref name="influenced by op" /> [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Visual Basic|VB]]
| influenced = [[Chapel (programming language)|Chapel]],<ref name="chplspec">{{cite web|title=Chapel spec (Acknowlegements)|url=http://chapel.cray.com/spec/spec-0.98.pdf|date=2015-10-01|accessdate=2016-01-14|publisher=Cray Inc|archive-date=2016-02-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205114946/http://chapel.cray.com/spec/spec-0.98.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>, [[Clojure]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.codequarterly.com/2011/rich-hickey|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111184835/http://www.codequarterly.com/2011/rich-hickey|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2017-01-11|title=Rich Hickey Q&A by Michael Fogus|access-date=2017-01-11}}</ref> [[Crystal (programming language)|Crystal]],<ref name="rel_0.18.0">
{{cite web
| url = http://crystal-lang.org/2016/06/14/crystal-0.18.0-released.html#comment-2732771703
| title = Crystal 0.18.0 released!
| last = Borenszweig
| first = Ary
| quote = It's heavily inspired by Ruby, and other languages (like C#, Go and Python).
}}
</ref> [[D (programming language)|D]], [[J Sharp|J#]], [[Dart (programming language)|Dart]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Web Languages and VMs: Fast Code is Always in Fashion. (V8, Dart) - Google I/O 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=huawCRlo9H4&t=30m10s|publisher=[[Google]]|accessdate=22 December 2013}}</ref> [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]], [[Hack (programming language)|Hack]], [[Java (programming language)|Java]],<ref>Java 5.0 added several new language features (the [[foreach loop|enhanced for loop]], [[Object type (object-oriented programming)#Autoboxing|autoboxing]], [[variadic function|varargs]] and [[Java annotation|annotations]]), after they were introduced in the similar (and competing) C# language [http://www.barrycornelius.com/papers/java5/] [http://www.levenez.com/lang/]</ref><ref name="influenced" /> [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], [[Monkey (programming language)|Monkey]], [[Nemerle]], [[Oxygene (programming language)|Oxygene]], [[Ring (programming language)|Ring]],<ref name="Ring programming language and other languages">{{cite web |url=http://ring-lang.sourceforge.net/doc1.6/introduction.html#ring-and-other-languages |title=Ring programming language and other languages |author=Ring Team |date=5 December 2017 |work=ring-lang.net |publisher=[[ring-lang]] |access-date=20 April 2019 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225175312/http://ring-lang.sourceforge.net/doc1.6/introduction.html#ring-and-other-languages |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]],<ref name="lattner2014">{{cite web|url=http://nondot.org/sabre/|title=Chris Lattner's Homepage|last=Lattner|first=Chris|date=2014-06-03|accessdate=2014-06-03|publisher=Chris Lattner|quote=The Swift language is the product of tireless effort from a team of language experts, documentation gurus, compiler optimization ninjas, and an incredibly important internal dogfooding group who provided feedback to help refine and battle-test ideas. Of course, it also greatly benefited from the experiences hard-won by many other languages in the field, drawing ideas from Objective-C, Rust, Haskell, Ruby, Python, CLU, and far too many others to list.}}</ref> [[Vala (programming language)|Vala]], [[TypeScript]]
| platform = [[Common Language Infrastructure]]
| license = [[Roslyn (compiler)|Roslyn]] compiler: [[Apache License|Apache License 2.0]]<ref>https://github.com/dotnet/roslyn/blob/1ff27b046b5c03abb38bfeda44eb82da0b8df9de/License.txt</ref><br/>
[[.NET Core|.NET Core CLR]]: [[MIT License|MIT/X11]]<ref>https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/blob/master/LICENSE.TXT</ref><br/>
[[Mono (software)|Mono]] compiler: dual [[GPLv3]] and MIT/X11<br/>
[[DotGNU]]: dual [[GPL]] and [[LGPL]]
| file_ext = <code>.cs</code>
| website = {{URL|https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/}}
| wikibooks = C Sharp Programming
| versions = See [[#Versions|§ Versions]]
}}
'''C Sharp''' neɣ '''C#''' d [[tameslayt n usihel]] sɣur [[Microsoft]]. Designer n tameslayt-agi isem-is [[Anders Hejlsberg]].
== Amezruy ==
Akk d C#, Microsoft tebɣa ad tesnulfu tameslayt n programmation tugar [[Java]] n [[Oracle]], di 1999 teffeɣ-d version tamezwarut n C#, version-agi tella tettcabi s waṭas ɣer Java.
Di les versions nniḍen, C# yettembeddal u yerna aṭas les fonctionnalités i ixuṣṣen di Java am :
*Lambda expressions,
*Generics,
*Automatic Get Set,
*Async await,
*Extension Methods,
== .Net ==
C# d tutlayt teddu g lFramework .Net, llant 3 les versions n .Net :
*.Net Framework : sɣur Microsoft, wagi mači d ilelli.
*.Net Mono : sɣur Novel, d ilelli.
*.Net Core : sɣur Microsoft, d ilelli.
Akken yiwen ad yeprogrami mebla ad yessen lFramework gar 3 les Framework-agi, Microsoft teffeɣ-d .Net Standard.
== Hello world ==
<syntaxhighlight lang=CSharp>
using System;
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
==Tiwelhiwin==
{{refs}}
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="dynamic">{{cite web |url = http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/csharpfuture/Release/ProjectReleases.aspx?ReleaseId=1686 |title = New features in C# 4.0 |first = Mads |last = Torgersen |date = October 27, 2008 |publisher = [[Microsoft]] |accessdate = October 28, 2008 |archive-date = January 3, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120103195731/http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/csharpfuture/Release/ProjectReleases.aspx?ReleaseId=1686 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
<ref name="influenced by CPP">{{cite journal |last = Naugler |first = David |date=May 2007 |title = C# 2.0 for C++ and Java programmer: conference workshop |journal = Journal of Computing Sciences in Colleges |volume = 22 |issue = 5 |quote = Although C# has been strongly influenced by Java it has also been strongly influenced by C++ and is best viewed as a descendant of both C++ and Java.}}</ref>
<ref name="influenced by op">{{cite web |url = http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/261958/a-z_programming_languages_c_/?pp=7 |title = The A-Z of Programming Languages: C# |date = October 1, 2008 |publisher = [[Computerworld]] |first = Naomi |last = Hamilton |accessdate = February 12, 2010 |quote = We all stand on the shoulders of giants here and every language builds on what went before it so we owe a lot to C, C++, Java, Delphi, all of these other things that came before us. ([[Anders Hejlsberg]]) |archive-date = March 24, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100324124903/http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/261958/a-z_programming_languages_c_/?pp=7 |url-status = dead }}</ref>
<ref name="influenced">{{cite web |url = http://www.barrycornelius.com/papers/java5/onefile/ |title = Java 5 catches up with C# |date = December 1, 2005 |publisher = [[University of Oxford]] Computing Services |first = Barry |last = Cornelius |accessdate = June 18, 2014 |quote = In my opinion, it is C# that has caused these radical changes to the Java language. ([[Barry Cornelius]]) }}</ref>
}}
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Asebtar amaynut: {{Automatic taxobox}} '''Amezri''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Galeopsis''') d [[tawsit (tasnudert)|tawsit]] n [[imɣi|yimɣan]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[timsefranin|temsefranin]]. Tawsit-a tegber seg wazal n 10 n [[talmest|telmas]] [[Imɣi asaɣur|tisaɣurin]] i d-ittemɣayen deg tamiwin timnummsanin n [[Uṛasya]] d [[Tafriqt n Ugafa|Tefriqt n Ugafa]]. == Umuɣ n telmas== == Imniren == [[Taggayt:imɣan]] [[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n yimɣan]] Taggayt tims...
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{{Automatic taxobox}}
'''Amezri''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Galeopsis''') d [[tawsit (tasnudert)|tawsit]] n [[imɣi|yimɣan]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[timsefranin|temsefranin]]. Tawsit-a tegber seg wazal n 10 n [[talmest|telmas]] [[Imɣi asaɣur|tisaɣurin]] i d-ittemɣayen deg tamiwin timnummsanin n [[Uṛasya]] d [[Tafriqt n Ugafa|Tefriqt n Ugafa]].
== Umuɣ n telmas==
== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:imɣan]]
[[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n yimɣan]]
[[Taggayt timsefrarin]]
[[Taggayt:Timsefranin]]
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/* */
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{{Automatic taxobox}}
'''Amezri''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Galeopsis''') d [[tawsit (tudersent)|tawsit]] n [[imɣi|yimɣan]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[timsefranin|temsefranin]]. Tawsit-a tegber seg wazal n 10 n [[talmest|telmas]] [[Imɣi asaɣur|tisaɣurin]] i d-ittemɣayen deg tamiwin timnummsanin n [[Uṛasya]] d [[Tafriqt n Ugafa|Tefriqt n Ugafa]].
== Umuɣ n telmas==
== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:imɣan]]
[[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n yimɣan]]
[[Taggayt timsefrarin]]
[[Taggayt:Timsefranin]]
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{{Automatic taxobox}}
'''Amezri''' ([[isem ussnan]]: '''Galeopsis''') d [[tawsit (tudersent)|tawsit]] n [[imɣi|yimɣan]] yeṭṭafaren [[tawacult (tasnudert)|tawacult]] n [[timsefranin|temsefranin]]. Tawsit-a tegber seg wazal n 10 n [[talmest|telmas]] [[Imɣi asaɣur|tisaɣurin]] i d-ittemɣayen deg tamiwin timnummsanin n [[Uṛasya]] d [[Tafriqt n Ugafa|Tefriqt n Ugafa]].
== Umuɣ n telmas==
== Imniren ==
[[Taggayt:imɣan]]
[[Taggayt:Tiwsitin n yimɣan]]
[[Taggayt:timsefrarin]]
[[Taggayt:Timsefranin]]
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