Wikipiidia kuswiki https://kus.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zug_lakir MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.6 first-letter Miidia Lakir kanɛ bɛ di kɔn Sɔnsʋg zin'ig Tʋmtʋm Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig Wikipiidia Wikipiidia sɔnsʋg zin'ig Faal Faal sɔnsʋg zin'ig MiidiaWiki MiidiaWiki sɔnsʋg zin'ig Tɛmpilet Tɛmpilet sɔnsʋg zin'ig Sʋŋir zin'ig Sʋŋir sɔnsʋg zin'ig Bɛn Bɛn sɔnsʋg zin'ig TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 1963 14946 14941 2025-06-19T13:45:14Z Ndeego 425 I added text, references, inks and sections 14946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q37937}} '''Dankal''' (''Ipomoea batatas'') anɛ di nyɛ'ɛda buudi kanɛ ka bɛ dicotyledonous tiig pɛɛs bɛgin vɛɛnim tiis buudi la ni na, Convolvulaceae. Di bi'ela, starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous rootsmɔri maan nya'a diib (root vegetable).<ref>Purseglove, John Williams (1968). ''[[:en:Longman_Scientific_and_Technical|Tropical crops: D]]''. [[:en:Longman_Scientific_and_Technical|Longman Scientific and Technical]]. New York: [[:en:John_Wiley_and_Sons|John Wiley and Sons.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-46666-1|978-0-582-46666-1]]</bdi>. ^{[[:en:Wikipedia:Citing_sources|[''page needed''<nowiki>]</nowiki>]]}</ref><ref>Woolfe, Jennifer A. (5 March 1992). ''Sweet Potato: An Untapped Food Resource''. Cambridge, UK: [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press]] (CUP) and the [[:en:International_Potato_Center|International Potato Center]] (CIP). [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780521402958|9780521402958]]</bdi>.</ref> Di anɛ di kanɛ an [[staple food]] ka nidib nɔŋi li pamm dunia ni. Banɛ tטmi li tטטma la ([[Cultivars of the sweet potato]]) zamis ban na niŋi ka sua li ka li kpɛm mɔr niŋgbiŋ paalig nɛ sin'imnam bɛdigט. Dinɛ pɛɛs ya'as anɛ ye ba van paala banɛ nan yit paalim la mɔri did. Dankal nɛ pi'esa la dɔlim anɛ [[Solanales]], dinɛ ke ka ba an buudi kanɛ laa nɛ taaba. Dankal sabila banɛ bɛ North America ba buoni ba nɛ ye "busa", ba nwɛnim nɛ busa mɛŋ-mɛŋ lal nɛ taaba dinɛ an [[monocots]] bɛ Dioscoreales dɔlisטg la.<ref>Keoke, Emory Dean; Porterfield, Kay Marie (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QIFTVWJH3doC&pg=PA256 Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World: 15,000 Years of Inventions and Innovations]''. [[:en:Infobase_Publishing|Infobase Publishing]]. p. 256. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-4052-0|<bdi>978-0-8160-4052-0</bdi>.]]</ref> Dankal pin'il yinɛ tropical regions bɛ [[South America]] ka nananna di yט'טm bɛ Ecuador.<ref>[https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2022-01-24-mystery-sweetpotato-origin-uncovered-missing-link-plant-found-oxford-research "Mystery of sweetpotato origin uncovered, as missing link plant found by Oxford research".] [[:en:University_of_Oxford|''University of Oxford''.]] 24 January 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230902133431/https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2022-01-24-mystery-sweetpotato-origin-uncovered-missing-link-plant-found-oxford-research Archived] from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2024.</ref><ref>Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo; Wells, Tom; Wood, John R. I.; Carruthers, Tom; Anglin, Noelle L.; Jarret, Robert L.; Scotland, Robert W. (22 January 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306577 "Discovery and characterization of sweetpotato's closest tetraploid relative".] [[:en:New_Phytologist|''New Phytologist''.]] '''234''' (4): 1185–1194. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NewPh.234.1185M 2022NewPh.234.1185M.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/nph.17991|10.1111/nph.17991]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-646X 0028-646X]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306577 9306577]. <nowiki>PMID 35064679</nowiki>.</ref> == Pa,alʋg == Bʋnbʋtir nwa’ anɛ vaand bʋgʋs nɛ ka li vuud tɛŋin bɛɛ li ya’a kpi’e bʋnwɔk si’a li na tɔ’ɔe gban’ae li dʋ ka nyaŋidi bɛi tʋʋgid yʋʋm pʋʋgin, ka li vaand si’eba yadigi pʋdiga atan’ bɛɛ an lammiri ka ba puum la tɔ’ɔŋ nɛ til la. Til la vuud nɛ tɛŋin ka maan nya’abaanlig dutanam la ni. vaand la tɔ’ɔŋ nɛ til la. Daʋg kakɛ zanl vaang la wa’alim anɛ wan wʋʋ 13 paae 51 centimetres (5 to 20 inches). Vaand la kpikpɛmis labisim pʋ zɛnmiya, 5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 in), li anɛ wan wʋʋ sʋsʋnf, siyanini bɛɛ gɛl nɛ, ka an gbilig bɛɛ lammirɛ bɛɛ lin on mɔr labisim atan’, li kpikpɛmis la tɔ’ɔn an mummi, bʋ’asibʋ’as bɛɛ li pʋdipʋda abʋtan’ bɛɛ li tɔ’ɔn pʋdi paae abʋyɔpɔi. Vaand la nindaa anɛ saalig, ka ka’a gbiribirɛ, ka li naarin la an gbilig bɛɛ pʋlʋm. Vaand la taa anɛ dɛn’ɛm, amaa ka bʋnsi’a ɛɛti kɛ ka li kilim dɔnbʋʋlim. Til la wa’alim bɛn tɔn’ɔn aen yi 0.5 kɛŋ paae 4 metres (1+¹⁄₂ nɛ 13 feet). Ba buud si’eba busid til duta la ni ka li wa’alim paad 16 m (52 ft). Amaa, bama pʋ mɔr nyɛ’ɛlim. Li mɔr zin’ig kanɛ ka daʋlim nɛ pʋ’alim la’asi bɛ la, nɛ tilbil kanɛ zanl puum kanɛ pʋdig anu la, kɛ ka li zi’enɛ agɔl sappi. Li paan puum nɛ daar kanɛ ka nintaŋ pʋ wa’ama. Pak kanɛ lus puum la anɛ bi’ela ka wa’am, ka pʋlʋm ka an (wan wʋʋ ayɔpɔi bɛn) 10 to 15 millimetres (³⁄₈ to ⁵⁄₈ in) wa’alim pʋʋgin, ka mɔr zuob baanlig. Atan’ banɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la wa’am bi’ela. Biili maani yit nɛ ayi ya’a bɛ kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb ka la’as taaba pʋʋm saŋa.<ref>[https://homeguides.sfgate.com/pollinating-sweet-potatoes-74929.html "Pollinating Sweet Potatoes"]. Home Guides. ''[[:en:SF_Gate|SF Gate]]''. 11 May 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160415153410/https://homeguides.sfgate.com/pollinating-sweet-potatoes-74929.html Archived] from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2021.</ref> Ba puum la lakid ka winig nyaan yit na ka bɛ ala paad hour nam bi’ela. Bɛugʋn ya’as ka ba yʋbin ka yʋ’ʋn pin’ili pʋoe lu tɛŋin. Nya’a kanɛ ka diib bɛ la wa’am nɛ ka an fuoŋ, ka an saalig ka li kala nam bɛ kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb ka si’eba an dɔnbʋʋlim, orange, wiig, brown, purple, bɛɛ beige. Li bʋʋlim la kala si’eba anɛ beige, pi’elig, wiig, pink, violet, dɔnbʋʋlim, orange, bɛɛ purple. Dankal si’eba banɛ ka ba nyɛ’ɛlim bʋʋlim la an pi’elig bɛɛ waans dɔnbʋʋlim la pʋ malis ka mɔr [[Ku'om|kuom]] wan wʋʋ banɛ an wiig, pink bɛɛ orange la.<ref name=":12">Loebenstein, Gad; Thottappilly, George (2009). ''[[iarchive:sweetpotato00thot|The sweetpotato]]''. Springer. pp. [[iarchive:sweetpotato00thot/page/n410v|391]]–425. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9475-0|978-1-4020-9475-0]]</bdi>.</ref> == Buudi == Dankal yinɛ South America zin’ig kanɛ ka ba buon zina ye Ecuador la.<ref>[https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2022-01-24-mystery-sweetpotato-origin-uncovered-missing-link-plant-found-oxford-research "Mystery of sweetpotato origin uncovered, as missing link plant found by Oxford research"]. ''[[:en:University_of_Oxford|University of Oxford]]''. 24 January 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230902133431/https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2022-01-24-mystery-sweetpotato-origin-uncovered-missing-link-plant-found-oxford-research Archived] from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2024.</ref><ref>Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo; Wells, Tom; Wood, John R. I.; Carruthers, Tom; Anglin, Noelle L.; Jarret, Robert L.; Scotland, Robert W. (22 January 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306577 "Discovery and characterization of sweetpotato's closest tetraploid relative"]. ''[[:en:New_Phytologist|New Phytologist]]''. '''234''' (4): 1185–1194. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NewPh.234.1185M 2022NewPh.234.1185M]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/nph.17991|10.1111/nph.17991]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-646X 0028-646X]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306577 9306577]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35064679 35064679].</ref> Zin’ig kanɛ ka ba ti’ak dankal buudi ka li li’eb saalibi bɔɔd ye li an si’em da pin’il nɛ Central bɛɛ South America.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QU3qxpHf4S4C&q=Sweet+Potato+Peru+domesticated&pg=PA21 Geneflow 2009]''. Bioversity International. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789290438137|9789290438137]]</bdi>.</ref> Central America tɛŋin, ban dankal banɛ ka ba da gɔsi ba yela da bɛ anina ka li tʋʋg yʋʋm tusanu (5,000) banɛ gaad la,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050207230303/http://www.cgiar.org/impact/research/sweetpotato.html "Sweet Potato"]. Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. Archived from [http://www.cgiar.org/impact/research/sweetpotato.html the original] on 7 February 2005.</ref> ban da nyɛ ''I. batatas'' ka li bɛ Yucatán Peninsula linɛ bɛ Mexico la nɛ kɔlig kanɛ ka ba buon Orinoco River ka li bɛ Venezuela la tɛnsʋk la.<ref>Austin, Daniel F. (1988). [https://books.google.com/books?id=7Ff-wrcqm1EC&q=The+taxonomy%2C+evolution+and+genetic+diversity+of+sweetpotatoes+and+related+wild+species&pg=PA27 "The taxonomy, evolution and genetic diversity of sweet potatoes and related wild species"]. In P. Gregory (ed.). ''Exploration, Maintenance, and Utilization of Sweet Potato Genetic Resources''. First Sweet Potato Planning Conference, 1987. Lima, Peru: International Potato Center. pp. 27–60. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789290601159|9789290601159]]</bdi>.</ref> Daasi’erɛ tɛŋin la nidibi da tɔlisi li ka li paae Caribbean dim nɛ South America 2500 BCE.<ref>Zhang, D.P.; Ghislain, M.; Huaman, Z.; Cervantes, J.C.; Carey, E.E. (1999). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140423062838/http://sweetpotatoknowledge.org/germplasm/germplasm-collection/cip-genebank/AFLP%20Assessment%20of%20Sweetpotato%20Genetic%20Diversity%20in%20Four%20Tropical%20American%20Regions.pdf "AFLP Assessment of Sweetpotato Genetic Diversity in Four Tropical American Regions"] (PDF). ''International Potato Center (CIP) Program Report 1997-1998''. Lima, Peru: International Potato Center (CIP). Archived from [http://sweetpotatoknowledge.org/germplasm/germplasm-collection/cip-genebank/AFLP%20Assessment%20of%20Sweetpotato%20Genetic%20Diversity%20in%20Four%20Tropical%20American%20Regions.pdf the original] (PDF) on 23 April 2014.</ref> ''I. trifida'', anɛ mɔɔg linɛ bɛ mɔɔgin ka wan dankal hali, lin da yi si’em na li buudi nam ayiŋa banɛ ka’ yinnɛ da la’as taaba ka li nyaŋi kilim dankal buudi.<ref>Morales Rodríguez, Alfredo; Alfredo Morales Tejón; Dania Rodríguez del Sol; Iván J. Pastrana; Claudia A. Méndez (2017). "Origen, evolución y distribución del boniato (''Ipomoea batatas'' (l.) Lam.). Una revisión". ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agricultura_Tropical&action=edit&redlink=1 Agricultura Tropical]'' (in Spanish). '''3''' (1): 1–13. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2517-9292 2517-9292].</ref> Ba vɛɛn ya gɔs ka ye dankal kanɛ ka ti mi’ zina la, ba da nyɛ linɛ bɛ tampilɛma ni bɛ Chilca Canyon, linɛ bɛ south-central zone Peru tɛŋin, ka li pa’al ye li yuugi paae 8080 ± 170 BC.<ref>Engel, Fréderic (1970). "Exploration of the Chilca Canyon". ''[[:en:Current_Anthropology|Current Anthropology]]''. '''11''': 55–58. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1086/201093|10.1086/201093]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144317617 144317617].</ref><ref>Perry, L. (2002). "Starch granule size and the domestication of manioc (''Manihot esculenta'') and Sweet potato (''Ipomoea batatas'')". ''[[:en:Economic_Botany|Economic Botany]]''. '''56''' (4): 345–349. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1663%2F0013-0001%282002%29056%5B0335%3ASGSATD%5D2.0.CO%3B2 <nowiki>10.1663/0013-0001(2002)056[0335:SGSATD]2.0.CO;2</nowiki>]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32462935 32462935].</ref> '''Buudi la’asig''' Dankal li mɔr bʋn si’a li ni anɛ li [[DNA]] ka li yinɛ ''[[Agrobacterium]],'' ''[[sensu lato]]''; lin wanni ''[[Rhizobium rhizogenes]]'' buudi), ka ba da nyɛ ka bʋnbʋtir la an ala.<ref name=":11">Kyndt, Tina; Quispea, Dora; Zhaic, Hong; Jarretd, Robert; Ghislainb, Marc; Liuc, Qingchang; Gheysena, Godelieve; Kreuzeb, Jan F. (20 April 2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4426443 "The genome of cultivated sweet potato contains Agrobacterium T-DNAs with expressed genes: An example of a naturally transgenic food crop"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''112''' (18): 5844–5849. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PNAS..112.5844K 2015PNAS..112.5844K]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1419685112|10.1073/pnas.1419685112]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4426443 4426443]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25902487 25902487].</ref> Li buudi la ba da vɛɛns ya ka li pʋ dɔl nɛ banɛ bɛ mɔɔgin la.<ref name=":11" /> Vɛɛnsig pa’al ye dankal buudi nam ti’as nɛ ala hali yʋma tusir pʋʋginme, ka li kɛ ka li yʋ’ʋn nyaŋi an sʋ’ʋŋa.<ref name=":11" /> Nwa’ pa’al ye dankal li da an yiiga bʋnbʋtir kanɛ ka ba da nyɛ ka li la’as nɛ buud si’eba.<ref name=":11" /><ref>[http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/sweet-potato-is-a-natural-gmo/81251182/ "Sweet potato is a natural GMO"]. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. 22 April 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150425193722/http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/sweet-potato-is-a-natural-gmo/81251182 Archived] from the original on 25 April 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.</ref><ref>Doucleff, Michaeleen (5 May 2015). [https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/05/05/404198552/natural-gmo-sweet-potato-genetically-modified-8-000-years-ago "Natural GMO? Sweet Potato Genetically Modified 8,000 Years Ago"]. ''NPR''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220115142149/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/05/05/404198552/natural-gmo-sweet-potato-genetically-modified-8-000-years-ago Archived] from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.</ref><ref>Lebot, Vincent (2020). ''Tropical Root and Tuber Crops : Cassava, Sweet Potato, Yams And Aroids''. [[:en:Wallingford,_Oxfordshire|Wallingford, Oxfordshire]], UK [[:en:Boston|Boston]], USA: CABI ([[:en:Centre_for_Agriculture_and_Bioscience_International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]). p. 541. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-78924-336-9|978-1-78924-336-9]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1110672215 1110672215].</ref><ref>Soucy, Shannon M.; Huang, Jinling; Gogarten, Johann Peter (17 July 2015). "Horizontal gene transfer: building the web of life". ''[[:en:Nature_Reviews_Genetics|Nature Reviews Genetics]]''. '''16''' (8). [[:en:Nature_Portfolio|Nature Portfolio]]: 472–482. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/nrg3962|10.1038/nrg3962]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-0056 1471-0056]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26184597 26184597]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6794788 6794788].</ref><ref>Andersen, Martin Marchman; Landes, Xavier; Xiang, Wen; Anyshchenko, Artem; Falhof, Janus; Østerberg, Jeppe Thulin; Olsen, Lene Irene; Edenbrandt, Anna Kristina; Vedel, Suzanne Elizabeth; Thorsen, Bo Jellesmark; Sandøe, Peter; Gamborg, Christian; Kappel, Klemens; Palmgren, Michael G. (2015). [[doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.011|"Feasibility of new breeding techniques for organic farming"]]. ''[[:en:Trends_in_Plant_Science|Trends in Plant Science]]''. '''20''' (7). [[:en:Cell_Press|Cell Press]]: 426–434. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015TPS....20..426A 2015TPS....20..426A]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.011|10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.011]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1360-1385 1360-1385]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26027462 26027462]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205454618 205454618].</ref> == '''Kuob yɛla''' == '''Lin dɔl si’em tiik zin’ig labakuda''' Europeans dimi da nan pʋ kɛn Americas tɛŋin la, dankal da bɛ Polynesia tɛŋin, ka ba kʋ’ʋt nɛ vaandi sɛɛd ka ka’a biilifɔ.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080519142258/http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Ipomoea/index.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20080519142258/http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Ipomoea/index.html "Batatas, Not Potatoes"]. Botgard.ucla.edu. [http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Ipomoea/index.html Archived] from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2010.</ref> Dankal da bɛ Cook Islands nɛ 1210–1400 CE.<ref>Wilmshurst, Janet M.; Hunt, Terry L.; Lipo, Carl P.; [[:en:Atholl_Anderson|Anderson, Atholl J]]. (27 December 2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033267https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033267 "High-precision radiocarbon dating shows recent and rapid initial human colonization of East Polynesia"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences''. '''108''' (5): 1815–1820. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..108.1815Whttps://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..108.1815W 2011PNAS..108.1815W]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1015876108|10.1073/pnas.1015876108]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424 0027-8424]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033267 3033267]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21187404 21187404]. <q>For example, the earliest presence of sweet potato (''Ipomoea batatas'') in Mangaia, Cook Islands, dated to A.D. 1210–1400 and was regarded as a late occurrence</q></ref> Ba vɛɛns nɛ ka ye da’asi’erɛ Polynesia dim da ansig nɛ vaand la mɔri kɛn Polynesia tɛŋin na, banɛ da kɛn South America ka lɛbid la, anina ka li widigi yi Polynesia paae Easter Island, Hawaii nɛ New Zealand.<ref>van Tilburg, Jo Anne (1994). ''Easter Island: Archaeology, ecology, and culture''. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.</ref><ref>Bassett, Gordon; et al. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724015520/http://www.geol.canterbury.ac.nz/people/kari/2004%20Bassett,%20Gordon,%20et%20al.pdf "Gardening at the Edge: Documenting the limits of tropical Polynesian kumara horticulture in southern New Zealand"] (PDF). New Zealand: University of Canterbury. Archived from [http://www.geol.canterbury.ac.nz/people/kari/2004%20Bassett,%20Gordon,%20et%20al.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 July 2011.</ref> Ba vɛɛnsi nyɛ ka Polynesian nidibi kuod dankal si’a la nɛ American dim ninkʋka din la wan bi’ela wʋʋ Zenú, bama anɛ nimbanɛ bɛ Colombia tɛŋin zina, ka li pa’al ye Polynesia dim tɔ’ɔn da kɛŋ South America ka paam dankal anina yi Europe dim la nu’usin.<ref>Lizzie Wade (8 July 2020). [https://www.science.org/content/article/polynesians-steering-stars-met-native-americans-long-europeans-arrived "Polynesians steering by the stars met Native Americans long before Europeans arrived"]. ''Science''. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.abd7159|10.1126/science.abd7159]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225642378 225642378]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200717034835/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/07/polynesians-steering-stars-met-native-americans-long-europeans-arrived Archived] from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2022.</ref> Dutch buudi nid nɛ onɛ mi’ Amerindian buudi pian’ad, Willem Adelaar nɛ Pieter Muysken ye dankal yʋ’ʋr la yinɛ Polynesian nɛ South America buudi pian’ad ni na: Proto-Polynesian *''kumala''<ref>Greenhill, Simon J.; Clark, Ross; Biggs, Bruce (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130208114223/http://pollex.org.nz/entry/kumala1/https://web.archive.org/web/20130208114223/http://pollex.org.nz/entry/kumala1/ <nowiki>"Entries for KUMALA.1 [LO] Sweet Potato (</nowiki>''Ipomoea'')"]. ''POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online''. Archived from [http://pollex.org.nz/entry/kumala1/http://pollex.org.nz/entry/kumala1/ the original] on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.</ref> (compare Rapa Nui ''kumara'', Hawaiian ''ʻuala'', Māori ''kūmara'') tɔ’ɔn an yinnɛ nɛ Quechua bɛɛ Aymara ''k'umar'' ~ ''k'umara''. Adelaar nɛ Muysken da nyɛ ka yʋ’ʋr la pa’al ye Central Andes dim nɛ Polynesia dim tɔ’ɔn da si’al taaba zin’ig si’a.<ref>Adelaar, Willem F. H.; Muysekn, Pieter C. (10 June 2004). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=UiwaUY6KsY8C&pg=PA41https://books.google.com/books?id=UiwaUY6KsY8C&pg=PA41 Genetic relations of South American Indian languages".] ''The Languages of the Andes''. Cambridge University Press. p. 41. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-139-45112-3|978-1-139-45112-3]]</bdi>.</ref> Vɛɛnsidib yinɛ ye dankal tɔ’ɔn da dɛŋi bɛ Polynesia tɛŋin yʋma tusa ka ninsaalib nyaan kɛŋ zin’in anina.<ref>[https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-04/cp-sph040518.php "Sweet potato history casts doubt on early contact between Polynesia and the Americas"]. EurekaAlert! Cell Press. 12 April 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180923123941/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-04/cp-sph040518.php Archived] from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.</ref><ref>Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo; Carruthers, Tom; Wood, John R.I.; Williams, Bethany R.M.; Weitemier, Kevin; Kronmiller, Brent; Ellis, David; Anglin, Noelle L.; Longway, Lucas; Harris, Stephen A.; Rausher, Mark D.; Kelly, Steven; Liston, Aaron; Scotland, Robert W. (2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.020https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.020|"Reconciling conflicting phylogenies in the origin of sweet potato and dispersal to Polynesia"]]. ''Current Biology''. '''28''' (8): 1246–1256.e12. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CBio...28E1246Mhttps://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CBio...28E1246M 2018CBio...28E1246M]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.020|10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.020]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0960-9822 0960-9822]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29657119 29657119].</ref> Amaa, banɛ zamis gbana ka yina pian’a la tita’am dɔl nɛ nidibi da si’al taaba ka li yadig.<ref name=":13">Barber, Ian; Higham, Thomas F. G. (14 April 2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8046222 "Archaeological science meets Māori knowledge to model pre-Columbian sweet potato (''Ipomoea batatas'') dispersal to Polynesia's southernmost habitable margins"]. ''[[:en:PLOS_One|PLOS One]]''. '''16''' (4): e0247643. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247643|2021PLoSO..1647643B]]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247643|10.1371/journal.pone.0247643]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8046222 8046222]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33852587 33852587].</ref><ref>Matisoo-Smith, Lisa (13 April 2018). [https://www.sciencemediacentre.co.nz/2018/04/13/when-did-sweet-potatoes-arrive-in-the-pacific-expert-reaction/ "When did sweet potatoes arrive in the Pacific – Expert Reaction"]. ''www.sciencemediacentre.co.nz''. Science Media Centre. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190329223537/https://www.sciencemediacentre.co.nz/2018/04/13/when-did-sweet-potatoes-arrive-in-the-pacific-expert-reaction/ Archived] from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019. <q>We would like to see more robust data, ideally from multiple sources, presented before we can accept the data and reconsider the current interpretation that the sweet potato was brought to Polynesia by humans at some point around 1000–1200 AD.</q></ref> Dankal da paae Europe dɔl nɛ nidibi da ti’as taaba la’ad saŋsi’a la, fʋ ya’a gɔs gbaŋ kanɛ ka ''Elinor Fettiplace sɔb ka pʋd Receipt Book'' la ni, linɛ ka ba da sɔbi li na’asaalin  England tɛŋin yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyuobʋ nɛ anaasi la ni (1604).<ref>Fettiplace, Elinor (1986) [1604]. [[:en:Hilary_Spurling|Spurling, Hilary]] (ed.). ''Elinor Fettiplace's Receipt Book: Elizabethan Country House Cooking''. Viking.</ref><ref>Dickson Wright, 2011. Pages 149–169</ref> Dankal da paae Philippines dim tɛŋin nɛ Spanish colonial period (1521–1898) yi Manila galleons, nɛ dunia bʋnbʋta si’eba.<ref>Loebenstein, Gad (2009). "Origin, Distribution and Economic Importance". In Loebenstein, Gad; Thottappilly, George (eds.). ''The Sweetpotato''. Springer. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781402094743|9781402094743]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172320/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226217377_Origin_Distribution_and_Economic_Importance Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.</ref> Li da paae Fujian banɛ bɛ China la nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnu nɛ piswai nɛ anaasi ni (1594) saŋa yi Luzon, ba bʋnbʋtta da san’am la zug. Dankal kuob da nyɛ kpɛmisigi yi onɛ da an Governor Chin Hsüeh-tseng (Jin Xuezeng) san’an.<ref>Spence, Jonathan D. (1993). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=M7LAH8ggQvAC&pg=PA167 Chinese Roundabout: Essays in History and Culture]'' (illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. p. 167. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0393309942|978-0393309942]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172323/https://books.google.com/books?id=M7LAH8ggQvAC&pg=PA167#v=onepage&q&f=false Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2015.</ref> Dankal da paae Ryukyu Kingdom, zin’ig kanɛ ka ba buon Okinawa, ka li bɛ Japan zina la, yʋʋm tusir nɛ kɔbisyuobʋ saŋa (1600s) da yinɛ Portuguese ni na.<ref>Goodman, Grant K. (2013). ''Japan and the Dutch 1600–1853''. London: Routledge. pp. 66–67. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4324/9781315028064|10.4324/9781315028064]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781315028064|9781315028064]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Gunn, Geoffrey C. (2003). "First Globalization: The Eurasian Exchange, 1500-1800". ''The Sixteenth Century Journal''. '''36''' (3): 932–933. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/20477565|10.2307/20477565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20477565 20477565].</ref><ref name=":10">Obrien, Patricia J. (1972). [[doi:10.1525/aa.1972.74.3.02a00070|"The sweet potato: Its origin and dispersal"]]. ''American Anthropologist''. '''74''' (3): 342–365. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1525/aa.1972.74.3.02a00070|10.1525/aa.1972.74.3.02a00070]]</ref> Dankal da kilim diibi tis Japan dim bɔzugɔ lini da sʋŋid ka kɔ’ɔm kae, ba ya’a da ku’a mui ka li pʋ maalɛ.<ref name=":10" /><ref>Itoh, Makiko (22 April 2017). [https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2017/04/22/food/storied-history-potato-japanese-cooking/#.WsaQ6ojwaUk "The storied history of the potato in Japanese cooking"]. ''The Japan Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200727024534/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2017/04/22/food/storied-history-potato-japanese-cooking/#.WsaQ6ojwaUk Archived] from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2018.</ref> Aoki Konyō da sʋŋi kkɛ ka dankal yadig Japan tɛŋin, ka Tokugawa bakufu mɛ da sʋŋ, sɔb gbana, ka mɛ da tɔlis o vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka o da vɛɛns Japanese buudi pian’ad ni dankal yel la tis nidib ka li kɛ ka ba ku’a li bɛdigʋ.<ref>Ro, Sang-ho (2021). ''Neo-Confucianism and Science in Korea: Humanity and Nature, 1706–1814''. Oxon: Routledge. p. 58. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-367-44100-5|978-0-367-44100-5]]</bdi>.</ref> Ba da sɛɛd dankal nɛ Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshimune lɔmbɔn’ɔg ni.<ref>Takekoshi, Yosaburō (1930). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZoV8ti9RZBgC&pg=PA352 Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan]''. Taylor & Francis. p. 352. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780415323802https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415323802|9780415323802]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZoV8ti9RZBgC&pg=PA352#v=onepage&q&f=false Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2015.</ref> Li da paae Korea nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ anaasi ni (1764).<ref>Kim, Jinwung (2012). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QFPsi3IK8gcC&pg=PA255 A History of Korea: From 'Land of the Morning Calm' to states in conflict]''. Indiana University Press. p. 255. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253000781|978-0253000781]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172259/https://books.google.com/books?id=QFPsi3IK8gcC&pg=PA255#v=onepage&q&f=false Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2015.</ref> Kang P'il-ri nɛ Yi Kwang-ryŏ da gban’a gba’ar ye ba tʋm dankal tʋʋma bɛ Seoul yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ ayuobʋ ni (1766), mɔr nɛ ya’am kanɛ ka ba da zamisi yi Japanese dim ni yi Tongnae da pin’il yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ anaasi ni (1764). Nwa’ da tʋm ya paae yʋʋm bɛn ka lɛb nya’aŋ ʋʋn saŋa yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ ayɔpɔi ni (1767) onɛ yʋ’ʋri buon Kang kum nya’aŋ la.<ref>Ro (2021), 59.</ref> '''Yʋda''' Baa la’anɛ lin pʋ kpi’em la, ba buon dankal si’eba nɛ "busa" bɛ North America zin’ig si’eba, dankal bɛɛ li kɔn’ nɛ busa mɛŋir (''Dioscorea''), linɛ yadigid tɔ’ɔtɔ’ɔs,<ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328349-2 "''Dioscorea''"]. ''Plants of the World Online''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190810160204/http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328349-2https://web.archive.org/web/20190810160204/http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328349-2 Archived] from the original on 10 August 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.</ref> ka paas nɛ monocot mɔɔd buudi Dioscoreaceae ni. Mɔɔg yinnɛ mɛn, ka ba buon ''oca'' (''Oxalis tuberosa'', ka li vaand mɛ labis), ka ba buon ye "busa" dunia zin’ig si’eba ni.<ref>[https://cipotato.org/genebankcip/genebankcip/process/oca/ "Oca"]. ''[[:en:International_Potato_Center|International Potato Center]] (CIP) Genebank''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172318/https://cipotato.org/genebankcip/process/oca/ Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2021.</ref> Baa dankal nɛ potato pʋ kpin la, ba yʋ’ʋr la nwan bi’ela. Europe nidib banɛ da lɛm dankal yiiga da anɛ  banɛ da paas Christopher Columbus ka ba tu suori bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnaasi nɛ piswai nɛ ayi ni (1492). Lin nya’aŋ ka vɛɛnsidib nyɛ ka nidib kuodi li ka lɛɛ pʋdi li ba buudi yʋda, amaa yʋ’ʋr kanɛ da yʋʋg anɛ Taíno kudumin dimi da pʋd ye ''batata'' la. Spanish dim da la’as nwa’ nɛ Quechua dim yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba da pʋd dankal, ye ''papa'', ani ka ba da buon dankal ye ''patata''.<ref>Herrero, María Antonieta Andión (2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wwI4nMg5r70C&pg=PA78 Los indigenismos en la Historia de las Indias de Bartolomé de las Casas]'' (in Spanish). Editorial CSIC – [[:en:CSIC_Press|CSIC Press]]. p. 78. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-84-00-08266-6|978-84-00-08266-6]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172324/https://books.google.com/books?id=wwI4nMg5r70C&pg=PA78#v=onepage&q&f=false Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</ref> Baa Hebrew dimi mɛ buon dankal ye ''batata'' (בטטה‎) ba buudi pian’adin la, li ka’a ye ba wʋm nɛ yi Taíno dim buolig nii. Amaa, Spanish dimi buon ''patata'' la ka ba da ti’aki li lɛbis Arabic ka buon ye ''batata'' (بطاطا‎), bɔzugɔ, ba pʋ mɔr sɔb bil  /p/ ka li bɛ Arabic nii, lin ka ba da buon dankal ye ''batata ḥilwa'' (بطاطا حلوة‎); ka li pʋn anɛ ('dankal'). Arabic dimi buon ''batata'' la Hebrew dim da zamisi li ka buon ka li anɛ dankal ma’a yʋ’ʋr, bɔzugɔ Hebrew dim da mɔr yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba pʋn tis potato sa ye, תפוח אדמה‎ (''tapuakh adama'', ka li gbin an 'dunia apple'; ka French pian’ad ni an ''pomme de terre''). Luga si’eba nɛ vɛɛnvɛɛnsidib si’eba bɔɔd ye ba sɔm yʋ’ʋr la la’as mumi li na’asaalin la ye—''sweetpotato''—ka ka’a ba pʋdigi li ayiŋa, ka li nyaŋi pa’al ye li bɛ li kɔn’ nɛ potatoes nɛ busa ka li mɛ kɛ ka nidib da nɔki li maal ye potato.<ref>[https://cipotato.org/research/sweet-potato/sweetpotato-one-word-or-two/ "Sweetpotato: One Word or Two?"]. [[:en:International_Potato_Center|International Potato Center]] (CIP). 12 November 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191228015852/https://cipotato.org/research/sweet-potato/sweetpotato-one-word-or-two/ Archived] from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref><ref>Averre, Charles W.; Wilson, L. George. [https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/plantpath/extension/commodities/sweetpotato-one-word.html "Sweetpotato — Why one word?"]. ''NCSU Plant Pathology''. [[:en:North_Carolina_State_University|North Carolina State University]] Department of Plant Pathology. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191230002128/https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/plantpath/extension/commodities/sweetpotato-one-word.html Archived] from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref><ref>Loebenstein, Gad; Thottappilly, George, eds. (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5Wu-4sqzOD8Chttps://books.google.com/books?id=5Wu-4sqzOD8C The Sweetpotato]''. [[:en:Springer_Science_&_Business_Media|Springer Science & Business Media]]. p. 298. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781402094750|9781402094750]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172319/https://books.google.com/books?id=5Wu-4sqzOD8C Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 30 December 2019.</ref> Ban buoni li si’em America na’asaalin zina, ba la’asid yʋ’ʋr la nɛ sɔbid mummi.<ref>[https://vric.ucdavis.edu/pdf/SWEETPOTATO/What_is_a_sweetpotato.pdf "What is a Sweetpotato?"] (PDF), ''UC Vegetable Research & Information Center'', Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, [[:en:University_of_California|University of California]], p. 2, October 2010, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200927122350/https://vric.ucdavis.edu/pdf/SWEETPOTATO/What_is_a_sweetpotato.pdf archived] (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2020, retrieved 29 December 2019</ref> Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, nɛ Dominican Republic tɛɛnsin, ba buon dankal ye ''batata''. Brazil tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye ''batata doce''. Mexico tɛŋin, Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Central America, nɛ Philippines tɛɛnsin, ba buon dankal ye ''camote'' (ka si’eba sɔbidi li ''kamote'' bɛ Philippines pian’adin), ba nyɛ yʋ’ʋr nwa’ yinɛ Nahuatl buudi pian’ak ''camotli''.<ref>[https://dle.rae.es/camote El Diccionario de la lengua española, Real Academia Española]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130427213956/http://elgaleon.weebly.com/page-18.html "Nahuatl influences in Tagalog"]. ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=El_Gal%C3%A9on_de_Acapulco_News&action=edit&redlink=1 El Galéon de Acapulco News]''. Embajada de México, Filipinas. Archived from the original on 27 April 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2012."Nahuatl influences in Tagalog". ''El Galéon de Acapulco News''. Embajada de México, Filipinas. Archived from [http://elgaleon.weebly.com/page-18.html the original] on 27 April 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2012.</ref> Peru nɛ Bolivia, ban buoni li si’em anɛ ''apichu'', amaa ba bɛ buudi buudi ka si’eba an ''khumara'', ''kumar'' (Ayacucho Quechua), nɛ ''kumara'' (Bolivian Quechua),<ref>Diccionario Quechua Simi Taqe AMLQ. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220221093622/https://www.runa-simi.org/simitaqe/id-327-apichu.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20220221093622/https://www.runa-simi.org/simitaqe/id-327-apichu.html "Quechua: apichu"]. ''www.runa-simi.org'' (in Spanish). Archived from [https://www.runa-simi.org/simitaqe/id-327-apichu.html the original] on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</ref> li wan nɛ Polynesian dimi buon ye ''kumara'' nɛ yʋ’ʋr banɛ paas (''kumala'', ''umala'', ''ʻuala'', etc.)<ref>[http://www.hear.org/pier/species/ipomoea_batatas.htm "Ipomoea batatas"]. ''Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk: Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230701075629/http://www.hear.org/pier/species/ipomoea_batatas.htm Archived] from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</ref>, linɛ kɛ ka vɛɛnsidib ye li yinɛ pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact ni. <ref>Doucleff, Michaeleen (23 January 2013). [https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/01/22/169980441/how-the-sweet-potato-crossed-the-pacific-before-columbus "How The Sweet Potato Crossed The Pacific Way Before The Europeans Did"]. ''[[:en:NPR|NPR]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211015120513/https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/01/22/169980441/how-the-sweet-potato-crossed-the-pacific-before-columbus Archived] from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.</ref>Vɛɛnsig nwa’ mɛ nyɛ paŋi yinɛ ban vɛɛnsi gɔs mɔɔg la tuŋ ka li an ala.<ref>Timmer, John (21 January 2013). [https://arstechnica.com/science/2013/01/polynesians-reached-south-america-picked-up-sweet-potatoes-went-home "Polynesians reached South America, picked up sweet potatoes, went home"]. ''[[:en:Ars_Technica|Ars Technica]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200708155215/https://arstechnica.com/science/2013/01/polynesians-reached-south-america-picked-up-sweet-potatoes-went-home/ Archived] from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.</ref> Australia tɛŋin, ban kuod dankal si’a anɛ abija 'Beauregard',<ref>Rolston, L. H.; Clark, C. A.; Cannon, J. M.; Randle, W. M.; Riley, E. G.; Wilson, P. W.; Robbins, M. L. (December 1987). [https://journals.ashs.org/hortsci/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/22/6/article-p1338.xmlv "Beauregard' Sweet Potato"]. ''HortScience''. '''22''' (6): 1338–1339. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.22.6.1338|10.21273/HORTSCI.22.6.1338]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:89381179 89381179]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172741/https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/view/journals/hortsci/22/6/article-p1338.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2023.v</ref> linɛ da yi nɛ<ref>Main, Jeffrey L.; Silva, Juan; Arancibia, Ramon (May 2016). [https://www.mafes.msstate.edu/publications/bulletins/b1221.pdf "Mississippi Sweetpotato Variety Trial, 2013"] (PDF). Mississippi Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231011052244/https://www.mafes.msstate.edu/publications/bulletins/b1221.pdfhttps://web.archive.org/web/20231011052244/https://www.mafes.msstate.edu/publications/bulletins/b1221.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.nifa.usda.gov/about-nifa/blogs/state-success-louisiana "State of Success: Louisiana"]. ''nifa.usda.gov National Institute of Food and Agriculture''. 9 November 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230906214935/https://www.nifa.usda.gov/about-nifa/blogs/state-success-louisiana Archived] from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.</ref> Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station ni yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ yinnɛ ni (1981).<ref>Dominic Jolimont; Margaret Jolimont. [http://slater.ncg.org.au/sweet-potato/ "Sweet potato"]. ''Slater Community Gardens''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710122359/http://slater.ncg.org.au/sweet-potato/ Archived] from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</ref> New Zealand tɛŋin, Māori buudi da nyɛ’ɛd fʋomafʋoma ka ba pa’ad nɛ bʋʋlim la an pi’elig,<ref>Yen, D. E. (1963). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4252401 "The New Zealand Kumara or Sweet Potato"]. ''[[:en:Economic_Botany|Economic Botany]]''. '''17''' (1): 31–45. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963EcBot..17...31Y 1963EcBot..17...31Y]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF02985351|10.1007/BF02985351]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0001 0013-0001]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4252401 4252401]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32823869https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32823869v 32823869]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201020151953/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4252401 Archived] from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020.</ref> linɛ ka ba gɔs ka ye li yinɛ European dim banɛ da tuud suor la ni na.<ref>Field, Michael (23 January 2013). [http://www.stuff.co.nz/editors-picks/8213421/Kumara-origin-points-to-pan-Pacific-voyage "Kumara origin points to pan-Pacific voyage"]. ''[[:en:Stuff.co.nz|stuff.co.nz]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710122356/http://www.stuff.co.nz/editors-picks/8213421/Kumara-origin-points-to-pan-Pacific-voyage Archived] from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</ref> Ba buon ye ''kumara'' (yit nɛ Māori pian’ad ni, ''kūmara''), ban kuod sɔ’ saŋa nwa anɛ bʋnzi’an la 'Owairaka', amaa, ba mɛ kuod orange ('Beauregard'), gold, purple nɛ si’eba.<ref>Yen, D. E. (1963). "The New Zealand Kumara or Sweet Potato". ''[[:en:Economic_Botany|Economic Botany]]''. '''17''' (1): 31–45. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963EcBot..17...31Y 1963EcBot..17...31Y]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/bf02985351https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02985351|10.1007/bf02985351]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4252401 4252401]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32823869 32823869].</ref><ref>[http://www.kumara.co.nz/types-of-kumara.html "Types of kumara grown in New Zealand"]. ''Kaipara Kumara''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710122354/http://www.kumara.co.nz/types-of-kumara.html Archived] from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</ref> ==Pa,alʋg== [[File:Genasu gadde (Kannada ಗೆಣಸು ಗಡ್ಡೆ) (49108875711).jpg|thumb|left|The flowers, buds, and leaves of the sweet potato, which resemble those of the [[morning glory]]]] [[File:Sweet potato seeds.jpg|thumb|Seeds|left]] === Zin’ig === Mɔɔg la pʋ bɔɔd zin’ig kanɛ ma’ad paa nɛ. Li nɔbigid sʋŋa zin’ig banɛ ka tʋʋlig zɛnmis wʋʋ 24 °C (75 °F), ka nintaŋ mɛ bɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ yʋ’ʋŋyʋ’ʋŋ. Ka yʋʋm wʋsa saa makir bɛn an wʋʋ 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) zin’ig ban ka li bɔɔd, ka li nɔbigir saŋa la mɛ an wan wʋʋ 500 mm (20 in). Bʋnbʋtir la pʋ bɔɔd kuonɔŋɔ, li ya’a pin’in nyɛ’ɛb la, wan wʋʋ dabpisnu paae dabpisyuobʋ saŋa (50–60 days) ka sɛɛb nya’aŋ, li mɛ pʋ lɛn bɔɔd kuom alasaa, li ya’a ka’a ala nyɛ’ɛlim la na pʋn’ɔe ka san’am nya’a la pɛbisim kae la zug.<ref>Ahn, Peter (1993). ''Tropical soils and fertilizer use''. Intermediate Tropical Agriculture Series. UK: Longman Scientific and Technical Ltd. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-77507-7|978-0-582-77507-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Li bɛnɛ zin’ig la an si’em nɛ lin an dankal si’a, mɔɔd banɛ maan diib nya’a ni maani ba diib lin yi nwadis ayi paae awai ni. fʋ ya’a gɔsi ba titua ka ba nyaŋi maal tɔ’ɔ li na nyaŋi zi’en zin’ig banɛ ka tɛŋ la tul, ka ba si’eba an Eastern United States nɛ China. Dankal pʋ maan puum winnig ya’a yi hali tʋʋg hour piinɛyinnɛ, wan wʋʋ tʋʋlig la bɛ si’em zin’is si’eba la. Ba digini ba bʋnbuuda nɛ til, bɛɛ nya’a bɛɛ o daʋg linɛ na ti bus vaand. Bi’elim la ka ba lɛɛ mɔri bud ka li bʋnpaala yit nas.<ref>[https://homeguides.sfgate.com/pollinating-sweet-potatoes-74929.html "Pollinating Sweet Potatoes"]. Home Guides. ''[[:en:SF_Gate|SF Gate]]''. 11 May 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160415153410/https://homeguides.sfgate.com/pollinating-sweet-potatoes-74929.html Archived] from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2021.</ref> Ba nɔbigid sʋŋa ba ya’a nyɛt bʋnsi’eba ka mɛ mɔr dataas; ba pʋ bɔɔd tiim kanɛ puusidi kʋʋd mɔɔd la. Dankal bɔɔd tɛŋ sʋŋ zin’igin, zin’ig kanɛ ka kuom pʋ diginida, ka nintaŋ bɛ- ka tɛŋ la ka’a kuga wala ka li zɛɛnsim an wan wʋʋ 4.5–7.0 mɔɔg la bɔɔd tɛŋ si’a la.<ref name=":0">Woolfe, Jennifer A. (5 March 1992). ''Sweet Potato: An Untapped Food Resource''. Cambridge, UK: [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press]] (CUP) and the [[:en:International_Potato_Center|International Potato Center]] (CIP). [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780521402958|9780521402958]]</bdi>.</ref> Fʋ tɔn’ɔ sɛɛ li tɛnkanɛ ka kʋ’ʋlʋm kae ka mɛ niŋ bugulum bi’ela. amaa, dankal pʋ bɔɔd zɛɛnsim si’ebaa ka linɛ ka ba buon aluminium toxicity la ka na kpi bakwai ayuobʋ yela ka sɛɛb nya’aŋ fʋ ya’a pʋ gɛndig linɛ buon lime la sɛ zin’ig ban buudi nii.<ref name=":0" /> Ban sɛɛ di ba ka ka’a linɛ bʋd la, dankal sɛɛb pʋ tɔi ya. Vaand la ya’a ti bus, li bɔɔd kuob bi’ela. Tiim kanɛ ka ba mɔri puusidi yisid mɔɔd banɛ paas dankal  pʋʋgin anɛ DCPA, ka ba mɛ lɛn buon ye Dacthal. Tɛŋ banɛ ni ka tʋʋlig bɛ la, fʋ tɔn’ɔ bas nyɛ’ɛlim la tɛŋin la ka tuud bi’elbi’el dʋgʋd bɛɛ kuosid. Tʋʋlig zin’is la ni, ba bʋd dankal nɛ pɔtitada ni ka tuud ka ma’asig saŋa nyaan paad. Ba kuod dankal ma’asig nɛ tʋʋlig saŋa wʋsa [[Ku'om|kuom]] ya’a bɛ ka ba na nyaŋi vue.<ref>O'Hair, Stephen K. (1990). "Tropical root and tuber crops". In Janick, J.; Simon, J.E. (eds.). ''[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1990/V1-424.html Advances in New Crops]''. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 424–428. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141005190418/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1990/V1-424.html Archived] from the original on 5 October 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2014.</ref> Dankal da yi paalʋ na an diib bʋn bɛnɛ Pacific Ocean, South India, Uganda nɛ Africa tɛŋ si’eba ni.<ref>Roullier, Caroline; Duputié, Anne; Wennekes, Paul; Benoit, Laure; Fernández Bringas, Víctor Manuel; Rossel, Genoveva; Tay, David; McKey, Doyle; Lebot, Vincent (27 May 2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3664560 "Disentangling the Origins of Cultivated Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''8''' (5): e62707. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...862707R 2013PLoSO...862707R]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062707|10.1371/journal.pone.0062707]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203 1932-6203]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3664560 3664560]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23723970 23723970].</ref> Dankal buudi yinnɛ kanɛ ka ba buon ''boniato'' ka Caribbean dim kuod; li bʋʋlim la wan wʋʋ cream-color an si’em, lin pʋ wanna abija bɛɛ banɛ kpɛlim ka ba kuod la. ''Boniatos'' pʋ malis ka mɔr kuom wan wʋʋ dankal si’ebaa, amaa ba malisim la bɛɛ li kɔn’ nɛ onɛ mɔr orange color la. {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" |'''Sweet potato production – 2020''' |- |'''Country''' |'''Production''' '''(millions of tonnes)''' |- | China |48.9 |- | Malawi |6.9 |- | Tanzania |4.4 |- | Angola |1.7 |- | Ethiopia |1.6 |- |'''World''' |'''89.5''' |- | colspan="2" |Source: FAOSTAT of the United Nations<ref name=":1">[http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC "Sweet potato production in 2019; World Regions/Production Quantity from pick lists"]. Statistics Division (FAOSTAT). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231016103427/https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC Archived] from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2021.</ref> |} Dankal paas saalib banɛ bɛ U.S. diib pʋʋgin bɛ ba kudumin dim yela ni, li kaskas anɛ li yadagɔbʋg-nya’aŋ. Ban did dankal si’em bɛ United States anɛ wan wʋʋ 1.5–2 kg (3.3–4.4 lb) yʋʋm pʋʋgin, kɛŋ paae 13 kg (29 lb) yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisi ni (1920). "Dankal banɛ an dɔnbuulum buudi la (dankal kanɛ zuoe bɛ US) da nyɛ nidib siakir bɛdigʋ gaad banɛ an yellow bɛɛ purple nam la."<ref name=":2">Leksrisompong, P.P.; Whitson, M.E.; Truong, V.D.; Drake, M.A. (2012). "Sensory attributes and consumer acceptance of sweet potato cultivars with varying flesh colors". ''Journal of Sensory Studies''. '''27''' (1): 59–69. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1745-459x.2011.00367.x|10.1111/j.1745-459x.2011.00367.x]].</ref> nidib da pʋ nɔŋ Purple nɛ yellow dankalnam wan wʋʋ ban nɔŋ orange dankal si’em la "daasi’erɛ nidib la miilim nɛ orange color ka dankal la color mɛ an ala."<ref name=":2" /> Fʋ ya’a kɛŋ yadagɔbʋg-ya’nya’aŋ U.S., ba da yisid ku'om la nɛ ka basidi li ka li nyaŋi digini yuug, ka malisim paas, ka maal ningbina sʋŋa, ka bas ka zin’ig banɛ ki’a tuub saŋa la da kɛ ka li san’am.<ref>[http://www.ncsweetpotatoes.com/ "Sweet potatoes"]. North Carolina Sweet Potato Commission (NCSPC). [https://web.archive.org/web/19990427215218/http://www.ncsweetpotatoes.com/ Archived] from the original on 27 April 1999. Retrieved 22 July 2006.</ref> Fun na niŋ si’em sʋ’a nɛ’ɛ tituaa anɛ fʋn na dɛlig linɛ ka fʋ tu paalim la tɛŋin hour ayi bɛɛ atan’ ka su’a li zin’ig kanɛ ka tʋʋlig an 29–32 °C (85–90 °F) ka pɛbisim bɛ lin yi da ba nu paae piinɛnaasi. Dankal banɛ ka ba sʋ’a sʋ’ʋŋa na nyaŋi bɛ paae nwadis piinɛ atan’ fʋ ya’a sʋ’a li zin’ig kanɛ ka tʋʋlig an wan wʋʋ 13–15 °C (55–59 °F) ka pɛbisim bɛ. waad san’amid nyɛ’ɛlim la nɛ.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110526063807/http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/sweetpotato.html "Sweetpotato: Organic Production"]. National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service. Archived from [http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/sweetpotato.html the original] on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2010.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101105211935/http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/Produce/ProduceFacts/Veg/sweetpotato.shtml "Sweet potato"]. Produce Facts. UC Davis. Archived from [http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/Produce/ProduceFacts/Veg/sweetpotato.shtml the original] on 5 November 2010.</ref> '''kuob''' Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi ni (2020), dunia wʋsa dankal kuob da anɛ  89 million tonnes, ka tɛŋ kanɛ da kua gaad o taaba an China da mɔr nɛ pisnu nɛ anu, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (55%) dankal kanɛ bɛ dunia wʋsa. Banɛ da dɔl nya’aŋ  da anɛ Malawi, Tanzania, nɛ Nigeria.<ref name=":1" /> Li anɛ di kanɛ paasa anu ni ka tɛnbanɛ nan nɔbigid la kuod.<ref name=":3">Verma, Virendra M. (8 November 2016). [https://comlandgrant.org/development-of-salt-tolerant-sweet-potato-ipomoea-batatas-l-lam-through-tissue-culture/ "Development of Salt Tolerant Sweet Potato (''Ipomoea batatas'' (L.) Lam.) through Tissue Culture"]. ''College of Micronesia - Land Grant Program''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241205142723/https://comlandgrant.org/development-of-salt-tolerant-sweet-potato-ipomoea-batatas-l-lam-through-tissue-culture/ Archived] from the original on 5 December 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2025.</ref> Ba maan vɛɛnsig ye ba yina nɛ dankal banɛ na nyaŋi nyɛ’ɛ yaarim zin’ig ban na niŋ si’em ka saa nɛ nintaŋ da san’ami baa.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Rahman, Atiq; Uddin, Nasir (2022). "Challenges and Opportunities for Saline Agriculture in Coastal Bangladesh". In Negacz, Katarzyna; Vellinga, Pier; Barrett-Lennard, Edward; Choukr-Allah, Redouane; Elzenga, Theo (eds.). ''[[iarchive:oapen-20.500.12657-48840/page/139|Future of Sustainable Agriculture in Saline Environments]]'' (First ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 139. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-367-62146-9|978-0-367-62146-9]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1256558135 1256558135]. Retrieved 8 February 2025.</ref> '''Ban’as''' Dankal ban’as anɛ Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (Crinivirus).<ref name=":4">Jones, Roger; Naidu, Rayapati (2019). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015606|"Global Dimensions of Plant Virus Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives".]] ''[[:en:Annual_Review_of_Virology|Annual Review of Virology]]''. '''6''' (1). [[:en:Annual_Reviews_(publisher)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Reviews_(publisher)|Annual Reviews]]: 387–409. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015606|10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015606]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2327-056X 2327-056X]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31283443 31283443]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195845201 195845201].</ref> Li ya’a la’as nɛ ban’as si’ebanam, Untiveros et al., 2007 da vɛɛnsi nyɛ ka SPCSV maligim mɔr paŋ hali san’amidi ba.<ref name=":4" /> ''I. batatas'' namisid nɛ ''Phytophthora''s ban’as ka ba si’eba an ''P. carotovorum'', ''P. odoriferum'', nɛ ''P. wasabiae''.<ref>Charkowski, Amy (2018). "The Changing Face of Bacterial Soft-Rot Diseases". ''[[:en:Annual_Review_of_Phytopathology|Annual Review of Phytopathology]]''. '''56''' (1). [[:en:Annual_Reviews_(publisher)|Annual Reviews]]: 269–288. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045906|10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045906]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0066-4286 0066-4286]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29958075 29958075]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:49619951 49619951].</ref> == Tʋʋma == '''Biim''' {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" |'''Sweet potato, cooked, baked in skin, without salt''' |- | colspan="2" valign="top" |'''Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)''' |- | valign="top" |'''Energy''' | valign="top" |378 kJ (90 kcal) |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Carbohydrates''' |20.7 g |- | valign="top" |Starch |7.05 g |- | valign="top" |Sugars |6.5 g |- | valign="top" |Dietary fiber |3.3 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Fat''' |0.15 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Protein''' |2.0 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |'''show''' '''Vitamins and minerals''' |} |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Other constituents''' |'''Quantity''' |- | valign="top" |Water |75.8 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | ----''"Sweet potato". USDA Database. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2021.'' |- | colspan="2" valign="top" |^†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,<ref name=":5">[https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"]. ''FDA''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels Archived] from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</ref> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.<ref name=":6">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428/table/tab_4_7/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428/table/tab_4_7/ "TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report"]. Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". ''Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium''. pp. 101–124. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.17226/25353https://doi.org/10.17226/25353|10.17226/25353]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1|978-0-309-48834-1]]</bdi>. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154 30844154]. [[:en:Bookshelf_ID_(identifier)|NCBI]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428 NBK545428].</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" |'''Raw sweet potato''' |- | colspan="2" valign="top" |'''Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)''' |- | valign="top" |'''Energy''' | valign="top" |359 kJ (86 kcal) |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Carbohydrates''' |20.1 g |- | valign="top" |Starch |12.7 g |- | valign="top" |Sugars |4.2 g |- | valign="top" |Dietary fiber |3 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Fat''' |0.1 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Protein''' |1.6 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |'''show''' '''Vitamins and minerals''' |} |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Other constituents''' |'''Quantity''' |- | valign="top" |Water |77.3 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | ----''"Sweet potato, raw". USDA Database. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2021.'' |- | colspan="2" valign="top" |^†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,<ref name=":5" /> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.<ref name=":6" /> |} Dankal kanɛ ka ba dug (ka ba sɛn’ɛ) mɔr [[Ku'om|kuom]] 76%, 21% carbohydrates, 2% protein, nɛ kpaam finn).  Fʋ ya’a nɔk 100 gram, dankal sɛn’ɛda tisid 90 calories, ka mɔr (20% bɛɛ li gaad ala, Daily Value, DV) mɔr vitamin A (120% DV), vitamin C (24% DV), manganese (24% DV), nɛ vitamin B6 (20% DV). Ka la’abama mɛ bɛ bi’ela (10–19% DV) an B vitamins nɛ potassium. Sikir kanɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la wʋʋ pisnu paae piswai, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (50% and 90% ) an sikir kanɛ ka ba buon sucrose.<ref name=":7">Lai Y, Huang C, Liao WC (2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791245 "Studies of sugar composition and starch morphology of baked sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)"]. ''J[[:en:Journal_of_Food_Science_and_Technology|ournal of Food Science and Technology]]''. '''58''' (6): 1193–11999. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s13197-011-0453-6|10.1007/s13197-011-0453-6]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791245https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791245 3791245]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24426034 24426034].</ref> Maltose pʋ zuoe li pʋʋginɛ, amaa fʋ ya’a tʋligi li bugum ni, li na kɛ ka maltose kanɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la nɔbig an wʋʋ piiga paae pisi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (10% nɛ 20% tɛnsʋk).<ref name=":7" /> Dankal buudi banɛ ka ba bʋʋlim la color an sabilig bi’ela la mɔr beta-carotene (nwa’ ti’akid nɛ kilimid vitamin A, fʋ ya’a dii li) gaad banɛ mɔr bʋʋlim la ka li pɛlig, ka ba kpɛmisid [[Africa yɛla|Africa]] dim ye ba ku’a bɔzugɔ anina ka vitamin A an yela ka li an ban’asi tis nidib. <ref name=":8">Dyer, Mary H. (21 May 2015). [https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/sweet-potato/are-sweet-potato-leaves-edible.htm "Are sweet potato leaves edible?"]. ''Gardening Know How''. Potato vine plant leaves. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180323102952/https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/sweet-potato/are-sweet-potato-leaves-edible.htm Archived] from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018.</ref>Dankal vaand la anɛ diib bʋn ka fʋ na nyaŋi dʋgi li wan wʋʋ zɛnma’asa nɛ.<ref name=":8" /> '''makir ne disi'eba''' Tebul kanɛ bɛ tɛŋir la pa’al nɛ dankal nɛ di si’eba ka ba diti ba si’em'''^[G]''' ba ya’a an kpi’emis, ban nyaŋi baŋ [[Ku'om|kuom]] kanɛ bɛ diib woo pʋʋgin la zug. Baa Dankal pʋ tisid paŋ wala sa bɛɛ maan ningbina wala sa fʋ ya’a nɔki ba mak nɛ bi’elim diib tɛbisim pʋʋgin, li maan ningbina gat bi’elim diib.<ref>Scott, G.; Best, R.; Rosegrant, M.; Bokanga, M. (2000). ''[http://www.cipotato.org/publications/pdf/002468.pdf Roots and tubers in the global food system: A vision statement to the year 2020]'' (PDF). International Potato Center, and others. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-9060-203-3|978-92-9060-203-3]]</bdi>. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012.v</ref> Vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization vɛɛns la pa’al ye dankal anɛ dikanɛ ka fʋ na nyaŋi sɛ’ fʋ pɔɔgin, ka li nyɛ’ɛd wan wʋʋ 70,000 kcal hectare pʋʋgin (28,000/acre) / day.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0207e/T0207E04.htmhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/t0207e/T0207E04.htm "Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition"]. [[:en:Food_and_Agriculture_Organization|Food and Agriculture Organization]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171029173241/http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0207e/T0207E04.htmhttps://web.archive.org/web/20171029173241/http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0207e/T0207E04.htm Archived] from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.</ref> {| class="wikitable" | colspan="12" |'''Ningbina diib kanɛ bɛ diibnam zin’is piiga ba kuom la ya’a yi'''<ref>[https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/ "Nutrient data laboratory"]. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10 August 2016.</ref> |- |'''Staple''' |'''[[Kawεnna|Kawɛnna]] (corn)^[A]''' |'''[[mui]], white^[B]''' |'''Wheat^[C]''' |'''Potatoes^[D]''' |'''Cassava^[E]''' |'''[[bɛŋa]], green^[F]''' |'''Dankal^[G]''' |'''[[Busa yɛla|Busa]]^[Y]''' |'''Sorghum^[H]''' |'''Plantain^[Z]''' |'''RDA''' |- |[[Ku'om|Kuom]] (%) |10 |12 |13 |'''79''' |60 |68 |77 |70 |9 |65 | |- |Raw grams per 100 g dry weight |111 |114 |115 |'''476''' |250 |313 |435 |333 |110 |286 | |- |'''Nutrient''' | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Paŋ (kJ) |1698 |1736 |1574 |1533 |1675 |'''1922''' |1565 |1647 |1559 |1460 |8,368–10,460 |- |Protein (g) |10.4 |8.1 |14.5 |9.5 |3.5 |'''40.6''' |7.0 |5.0 |12.4 |3.7 |50 |- |Fat (g) |5.3 |0.8 |1.8 |0.4 |0.7 |'''21.6''' |0.2 |0.6 |3.6 |1.1 |44–77 |- |Carbohydrates (g) |82 |91 |82 |81 |'''95''' |34 |87 |93 |82 |91 |130 |- |Fiber (g) |8.1 |1.5 |'''14.0''' |10.5 |4.5 |13.1 |13.0 |13.7 |6.9 |6.6 |30 |- |Sikir (g) |0.7 |0.1 |0.5 |3.7 |4.3 |0.0 |18.2 |1.7 |0.0 |'''42.9''' |minimal |- |'''Minerals''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_AA|[A]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_BB|[B]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_CC|[C]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_DD|[D]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_EE|[E]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_FF|[F]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_GG|[G]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_YY|[Y]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_HH|[H]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_ZZ|[Z]]]}''' |'''[[:en:Recommended_Dietary_Allowance|RDA]]''' |- |Calcium (mg) |8 |32 |33 |57 |40 |'''616''' |130 |57 |31 |9 |1,000 |- |Iron (mg) |3.01 |0.91 |3.67 |3.71 |0.68 |'''11.09''' |2.65 |1.80 |4.84 |1.71 |8 |- |Magnesium (mg) |141 |28 |145 |110 |53 |'''203''' |109 |70 |0 |106 |400 |- |Phosphorus (mg) |233 |131 |331 |271 |68 |'''606''' |204 |183 |315 |97 |700 |- |Potassium (mg) |319 |131 |417 |2005 |678 |1938 |1465 |'''2720''' |385 |1426 |4700 |- |Sodium (mg) |39 |6 |2 |29 |35 |47 |'''239''' |30 |7 |11 |1,500 |- |Zinc (mg) |2.46 |1.24 |3.05 |1.38 |0.85 |'''3.09''' |1.30 |0.80 |0.00 |0.40 |11 |- |Copper (mg) |0.34 |0.25 |0.49 |0.52 |0.25 |0.41 |'''0.65''' |0.60 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |0.23 |0.9 |- |Manganese (mg) |0.54 |1.24 |'''4.59''' |0.71 |0.95 |1.72 |1.13 |1.33 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |2.3 |- |Selenium (μg) |17.2 |17.2 |'''81.3''' |1.4 |1.8 |4.7 |2.6 |2.3 |0.0 |4.3 |55 |- |'''Vitamins''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_AA|[A]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_BB|[B]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_CC|[C]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_DD|[D]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_EE|[E]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_FF|[F]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_GG|[G]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_YY|[Y]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_HH|[H]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_ZZ|[Z]]]}''' |'''[[:en:Recommended_Dietary_Allowance|RDA]]''' |- |Vitamin C (mg) |0.0 |0.0 |0.0 |'''93.8''' |51.5 |90.6 |10.4 |57.0 |0.0 |52.6 |90 |- |Thiamin (B1) (mg) |0.43 |0.08 |0.34 |0.38 |0.23 |'''1.38''' |0.35 |0.37 |0.26 |0.14 |1.2 |- |Riboflavin (B2) (mg) |0.22 |0.06 |0.14 |0.14 |0.13 |'''0.56''' |0.26 |0.10 |0.15 |0.14 |1.3 |- |Niacin (B3) (mg) |4.03 |1.82 |'''6.28''' |5.00 |2.13 |5.16 |2.43 |1.83 |3.22 |1.97 |16 |- |Pantothenic acid (B5) (mg) |0.47 |1.15 |1.09 |1.43 |0.28 |0.47 |'''3.48''' |1.03 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |0.74 |5 |- |Vitamin B6 (mg) |0.69 |0.18 |0.34 |'''1.43''' |0.23 |0.22 |0.91 |0.97 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |0.86 |1.3 |- |Folate Total (B9) (μg) |21 |9 |44 |76 |68 |'''516''' |48 |77 |0 |63 |400 |- |Vitamin A (IU) |238 |0 |10 |10 |33 |563 |'''4178''' |460 |0 |3220 |5000 |- |Vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol (mg) |0.54 |0.13 |1.16 |0.05 |0.48 |0.00 |1.13 |'''1.30''' |0.00 |0.40 |15 |- |Vitamin K1 (μg) |0.3 |0.1 |2.2 |'''9.0''' |4.8 |0.0 |7.8 |8.7 |0.0 |2.0 |120 |- |Beta-carotene (μg) |108 |0 |6 |5 |20 |0 |'''36996''' |277 |0 |1306 |10500 |- |Lutein+zeaxanthin (μg) |'''1506''' |0 |253 |38 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |86 |6000 |- |'''Fats''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_AA|[A]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_BB|[B]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_CC|[C]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_DD|[D]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_EE|[E]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_FF|[F]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_GG|[G]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_YY|[Y]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_HH|[H]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_ZZ|[Z]]]}''' |'''[[:en:Recommended_Dietary_Allowance|RDA]]''' |- |Saturated fatty acids (g) |0.74 |0.20 |0.30 |0.14 |0.18 |'''2.47''' |0.09 |0.13 |0.51 |0.40 |minimal |- |Monounsaturated fatty acids (g) |1.39 |0.24 |0.23 |0.00 |0.20 |'''4.00''' |0.00 |0.03 |1.09 |0.09 |22–55 |- |Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g) |2.40 |0.20 |0.72 |0.19 |0.13 |'''10.00''' |0.04 |0.27 |1.51 |0.20 |13–19 |- | |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_AA|[A]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_BB|[B]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_CC|[C]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_DD|[D]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_EE|[E]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_FF|[F]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_GG|[G]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_YY|[Y]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_HH|[H]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_ZZ|[Z]]]}''' |'''[[:en:Recommended_Dietary_Allowance|RDA]]''' |} '''^A'''Kawɛnkansa banɛ an dɔnbuulum '''^B''' Mui kansa banɛ wa'am ka an piela '''^C''' Ki zin'a kanɛ kpi'em tuulug saŋa '''^D''' Dankal kansa banɛ mɔr buulum nɛ gbaŋ '''^E''' Banki kansa '''^F''' Maagi banɛ an dɛn'ɛn la kansa '''^G''' Dankal kansa '''^H''' Bɛlikɔ kansa '''^Y''' Buskansa '''^Z'''Boodie kansa '''Diib dʋgʋb''' Dankal la nyɛ’ɛlim an bʋnlinɛ pak bʋnbʋtir nwa’ ni. zin’ig banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ la, nyɛ’ɛlim la anɛ diibi tis buud si’eba. Ba dʋgʋd nyɛ’ɛlim la ka nyaan dit lin na niŋ si’em ka li maal ningbiŋ diib sʋ’ʋŋa ka buoe ningbiŋ la ni, amaa America nidib banɛ da mugusidi ba taaba bɛ yadagɔbʋg-yatuona da ɔnbid dankal kansa ka li an ba diib.<ref>Alicia (19 February 2019). [https://www.enkiverywell.com/raw-sweet-potato.html "Can You Eat Sweet Potato Raw?"]. ''EnkiVeryWell''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210412071812/https://www.enkiverywell.com/raw-sweet-potato.html Archived] from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.</ref> Li vaand la nɛ li vanpɔla la anɛ zɛɛnd kanɛ malis hali. Fʋ tɔ’ɔe nɔki ba vankʋda la tis bʋnkɔnbid ka ba ɔnb.<ref name=":9">Abidin, P.E. (2004). ''Sweetpotato breeding for northeastern Uganda: Farmer varieties, farmer-participatory selection, and stability of performance'' (PhD Thesis). The Netherlands: [[:en:Wageningen_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wageningen_University|Wageningen University]]. p. 152 pp. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/90-8504-033-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-8504-033-7|90-8504-033-7]]</bdi>. Well cited including by Mwanga et al., 2010.</ref> '''Africa''' ''Amukeke'' (linɛ ka ba sɛ dɛlig ka li kʋdʋg) nɛ ''inginyo'' (linɛ ka ba bu’ari dɛlig ka li kʋdʋg) anɛ diibi tis ninbanɛ bɛ yadatiʋŋ-ya’nya’aŋ Uganda tɛŋin.<ref name=":9" /> ''Amukeke'' anɛ bɛʋgin diib, ka ba dit nɛ sʋnma zɛɛnd. ''Inginyo'' anɛ linɛ ka ba la’asid nɛ bankyi zɔ’ɔm nɛ punsa maan ''atapa''. Nidib dʋgʋd ''atapa'' nɛ zimi banɛ ka ba ɔɔnl ka dit nɛ sʋnma zɛɛnd bɛɛ cowpea vaand kpi’emis ka ba nɔki paas sʋnma zɛɛnd ni. ''Emukaru'' (earth-baked root) anɛ linɛ ka ba dit saŋa wʋsa lin nɛ tea bɛɛ suma zɛɛnd. Ba mɛ mɔri li maan diib bɛdigʋ bɛ South Sudan. Vaand la, banɛ an pɔla la mɔri dʋgʋd zɛɛndi bɛ tɛɛns banɛ bɛ West African la (Guinea, Sierra Leone nɛ Liberia, ba si’eba la), nɛ yadatiʋŋ-ya’nya’aŋ Uganda, East Africa.<ref name=":9" /> nwa’ dɔl nɛ FAO leaflet No. 13 – 1990, dankal vaand nɛ nyɛ’ɛlim la anɛ diib kanɛ mɔr vitamins A, C, and B₂ (riboflavin), ka vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka  A. Khachatryan maal la pa’al ye li mɔr linɛ ka na’asaanam buon lutein la. Kenya tɛŋin, Rhoda Nungo onɛ bɛ economics department Ministry of Agriculture sɔb gbaŋ kanɛ pa’an dankal ka ba mɔri maan disi’eba.<ref>Nungo, Rhoda A., ed. (1994). ''Nutritious Kenyan Sweet Potato Recipes''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kakamega,_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kakamega,_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1 Kakamega, Kenya]: [[:en:Kenya_Agricultural_Research_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Agricultural_Research_Institute|Kenya Agricultural Research Institute]].</ref> Nwa’ pʋʋgin pa’anɛ linɛ ka ba tu’a ka li kʋdʋg nɛ linɛ ka ba nɛɛm ka li kilim [[zɔ’ɔm]] ka ba nɔki li ka li di’e sikir nɔbir ka ba mɔri sɛn’ɛd diib wan wʋʋ cake, chapatis, mandazis, [[bodobodo]], buns nɛ cookies. Ba mɔr banɛ ka ba kala an orange la nyɛ’ɛlim la maan daam ka si’eba mɛ mɔri ba kiimid ka ba ɔnbid. Egypt tɛŋin, dankal nyɛ’ɛlim ka ba buon ''batata'' (بطاطا‎) anɛ dikanɛ bɛ zin’ig wʋsa waad saŋa, ka banɛ bɛ suoyanamin la sɛ’ɛdi kuosidi tisid Nidib banɛ dɔl Nile koldaagin la gad.<ref>[https://ww.egyptindependent.com/batata-man/ "The batata man"]. Egypt Independent. 19 October 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190715111248/https://ww.egyptindependent.com/batata-man/ Archived] from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.</ref> Nidib mɔr onɛ ka o kala an orange la nɛ onɛ an pi’elig la nyɛ’ɛlim maan diib. Ba mɛ sɛn’ɛdiba yaan ka mɔr siindi gɛndigid ka ba ya’a di diibi naae ka nɔki saae nɔɔr. Ethiopia tɛŋin, dankal buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod anina tita’am anɛ banɛ ka ba pak la an sabilik, ka nyɛ’ɛlim la kala an wan wʋʋ cream ka ba buoni li ''bitatis'' bɛɛ ''mitatis''. Ba kuodi ba bɛ ya’nya’aŋ nɛ yadagɔbʋg kʋkʋna ni ka tuud saa wakad (Sigir/Mɔraug). Yʋʋm banɛ gaad la, banɛ ka ba nyɛ’ɛlim kala an orange da yina, ka banɛ da yisi li na an Haramaya University ka ban da an sʋm ka sikir pʋ zuoe pʋʋginɛ ka mɛ mɔr vitamin A bɛdigʋ.<ref>Tsegaw, Tekalign; Dechassa, Nigussie (2008). [http://haramayajournals.org/index.php/ej/article/view/63/57 "Registration of Adu and Barkume: Improved sweet potato (''Ipomoea batatas'') varieties for eastern Ethiopia".]. ''East African Journal of Sciences''. '''2''' (2): 189–191. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:1[[doi:10.4314/eajsci.v2i2.40382|0.4314/eajsci.v2i2.40382]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170921215339/http://haramayajournals.org/index.php/ej/article/view/63/57https://web.archive.org/web/20170921215339/http://haramayajournals.org/index.php/ej/article/view/63/57 Archived] from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2018.</ref> Nidib bɛdigʋ dʋgid dankal ka nyaan dit. [[South Africa]] tɛŋin, ba pʋ dit dankal ma’a nɛ, ba lɛɛ paasidi li nɛ disi’eba ni ka ba yinnɛ an soetpatats. '''Asia''' East Asia tɛŋin, dankal sɛn’ɛda anɛ dinɛ ka di yʋ’ʋr yi hali ba tɛnkpɛmisin. China sʋ’ʋlim, dankal, banɛ an dɔnbʋʋlim la, ba sɛn’ɛdi ba kʋnt gbila pʋʋgin kuosid waad saŋa. Korea tɛŋin, dankal, ka ba buon ye ''goguma'', anɛ dikanɛ ka ba sɛn’ɛd, ba sa’ani ba si’el pʋʋgin bɛɛ bugum pi’elim zugʋ kuosid, li kaskas anɛ waad saŋa. Japan tɛŋin, ban maani li si’em ka li dɔl wʋʋ Korea dim maalig la, ban buon ye ''yaki-imo'' (dankal sɛn’ɛda), ba mɔr nɛ linɛ ka bʋʋlim an dɔnbʋʋlim la "Japanese dankal" bɛɛ onɛ an purple la "Okinawan dankal", ka ba buon ye ''beni-imo''. Dankal zɛn’ɛd, ka ba dit waad saŋa la, anɛ dankal ka ba dʋg kuom ni ka gɛndig sikir nɛ ginger. Fujian cuisine nɛ Taiwanese cuisine ni, ba dʋgʋd dankal nɛ [[mui]] maan [[Kooko|kɔɔkɔ]]. Dankal kanɛ ka ba waae nɛ dinɛ ka ba dɛlig ka li kʋdʋg anɛ diib hali tis Liancheng County. Dankal vaand la anɛ diibi tis Taiwanese cuisine, ka ba dʋgʋd bɛɛ kiimid kpaam bi’ela pʋʋgin dit nɛ garlic nɛ maagi diib, bɛɛ ban niŋ yaarim ka nyaan gbin’es. Nwa’ nɛ dankal diib bɛdigʋ bɛ bento (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ''piān-tong'') diib kuosʋg zin’is ni. Northeastern Chinese cuisine ni, ba nwaasid dankal nɛ bi’elbi’el ka kiimid, ka nyaan kwa’ae niŋ zɛn’ɛd kanɛ pʋn dʋgʋd pʋʋgin.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071004141104/http://www.ttmeishi.com/CaiPu/2c2ec442ae902a40.htm "CaiPu"]. ''ttmeishi.com'' (in Chinese). Archived from [http://www.ttmeishi.com/CaiPu/2c2ec442ae902a40.htm the original] on 4 October 2007.</ref> Sʋ’ʋlim si’eba banɛ bɛ India tɛŋin, ba sɛn’ɛd dankal bugum saana ni yʋ’ʋŋ ka pigisidi dit, amaa banɛ bɛ yadagɔbʋg la on ɛɛti dʋg nɛ kuomin ka li bi’ik ka ba nyaan pigis pa’ad la, ka nwaasi la gbila gbila dʋg nɛ zɛnma’asa. Indian sʋ’ʋlim kanɛ ka ba buon Tamil Nadu ni, ba buoni li ye ''sakkara valli kilangu''. Ba dʋgʋdi li dit yʋ’ʋŋ. India zin’ig si’eba ni, ba nwaasid dankal ma’asa nɛ dɛligid ka nɛɛmid ka li kilid dankal [[zɔ’ɔm]]; ka ba nɔk wheat [[zɔ’ɔm]] gɛndig ka sɛn’ɛ li ka li kilim ''chapatti'' ([[bodobodo]]). Dankal banɛ ka ba kuod India tɛŋin piinɛnu nɛ pisi kɔbiga pʋʋgin, ba ɛɛti ti’aki li nɛ ka li kilim bʋnɔnbida. Si’eba kuod dankal la ye ba diis bʋnkɔnbid nɛ niigi.<ref name=":12" /> Pakistan tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye ''shakarqandi'' ka ba mɛ dʋgʋdi li nɛ zɛnma’asa zɛn’ɛd ka lɛn an ni’im zɛn’ɛd ([[nua]] ni’im, [[Pɛ'og|pɛ’ɛg]] ni’im, bɛɛ naaf ni’im). Dankal banɛ ka ba sɛn’ɛd nɛ saana la anɛ diib ka ba kuosid bɛ Pakistani bazaars li kaskas anɛ waad saŋa.<ref>Aazim, Mohiuddin (17 December 2012). [http://www.dawn.com/news/771928 "Exploiting sweet potato potential"]. ''InpaperMagazine''. [[:en:Dawn_(newspaper)|Dawn]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190711215914/https://www.dawn.com/news/771928 Archived] from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.</ref> Sri Lanka tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye ''bathala'', ka ba mɔri maan bɛʋgʋn diib (ba ɔnbid dankal dʋgʋda nɛ kube kuom) bɛɛ ba dʋgi li di kɔn’ di nɛ mui. Dankal nyɛ’ɛlim la, ka Dhivehi dim buon ye ''kattala'', ba mɔri li ka li an dikpɛŋi bɛ Maldives. Ba nwaad vaand la paasidi maan diib ka yinnɛ an ''mas huni''.<ref>[[:en:Xavier_Romero-Frias|Romero-Frias, Xavier]] (1999). ''The Maldive Islanders: A study of the popular culture of an ancient ocean kingdom''. Barcelona, ES. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-84-7254-801-5|978-84-7254-801-5]]</bdi>.</ref> Japan tɛŋin, ba kuod dankal (ka ba buon ''satsuma-imo'') nɛ busa (ka ba buon ''daijo'' bɛɛ ''beni-imo''). Ban dʋgʋd si’em anɛ ba dʋg ka di lɛ’ɛg kuom pʋʋgin, sɛn’ɛb nɛ waar. Ba mɛ lɛn kiimid diib anina. ''Daigaku-imo'' (ja:大学芋) anɛ ba ya’a sɛn’ɛ dankal ka paas sikir bɛɛ bʋnmalisiŋ si’a. Lin malis ka tabis la zug, ba mɔri li bɛ ''imo-kinton'' nɛ ba dimalisima, ka yinnɛ an ''ofukuimo''. Ka ba buoni li ye "sweet potato" (ja:スイートポテト) Japan tɛŋin, li anɛ cake kanɛ ka ba nɔk Dankali nɛɛm maal. ''Shōchū'', anɛ Japanese dim diib kanɛ ka ba mɔr mui kanɛ mi’igi maan, ba mɛ tɔ’ɔn nɔk Dankal li maal, ka ba buon lin ye ''imo-jōchū''. ''Imo-gohan'', ba ya’a dʋg dankal nɛ mui, anɛ dinɛ ka di yʋ’ʋr yi Guangdong, Taiwan nɛ Japan tɛɛns ni. Ba diti li ''nimono'' bɛɛ ''nitsuke'' pʋʋg, dʋgʋ li ka paas soy sauce, ''mirin'' nɛ ''dashi''. Korean cuisine ni, ba mɔr dankal titabid la maan ''dangmyeon'' (cellophane taliya). Ba dʋgʋd dankal kuomin ka li lɛ’ɛg, ka walisid ka mɛ lɛn sɛn’ɛd, ka nyɛ’ɛlim banɛ an baanlig la ka ba dit ka li buon ''namul''. Pizza kuosig zin’is ni wan wʋʋ Pizza Hut nɛ Domino banɛ bɛ Korea tɛŋin mɔr dankal li pa’an zugin. Korean dim dikanɛ ka di yʋ’ʋr yi ka ba buon, ''goguma-mattang'', ka ba lɛn buon ye Korean candied dankal la, ba kiimid dankal la nɛ nwaasi ba bɛdabɛda ka nɔk sikiri bʋlʋgi li. Malaysia nɛ Singapore, ba nwaasid dankal nɛ ban’alig ka dʋgi li nɛ taro nɛ kube kuom (''santan'') ka dikanɛ ka di kilimid la yʋ’ʋr an ''bubur cha cha''. Ban dʋgʋd dankal si’em ka nidib nɔŋi li anɛ fʋn na nwaasinwaasi li kiim, ka diti li nɛ tea. Yaan la, ba dʋgʋd dankal nɛ kuom pʋʋgin. Dankal vaand la Malaysia dim kiimid din nɛ garlic ma’a bɛɛ ''sambal belacan''. Philippines tɛŋin, dankal (ka ba buudi pian’ad ni an ''camote'' bɛɛ ''kamote'') anɛ dikpɛŋ hali tis banɛ bɛ tɛnkpɛmisin la. Li anɛ dikanɛ ka banɛ an tidimnam la tita’am dit daar wʋsa bɔzugɔ li kuob pʋ tɔi wan wʋʋ [[mui]].<ref name=":14">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723201951/http://archives.manilatimes.net/national/2008/mar/16/yehey/opinion/20080316opi1.html "Fusion kamote"]. ''T[[:en:The_Manila_Times|he Manila Times]] (The Sunday Times) Editorials''. 16 March 2008. Archived from [http://archives.manilatimes.net/national/2008/mar/16/yehey/opinion/20080316opi1.html the original] on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2011.</ref> Ba dʋgʋdi li nɛ bɛɛ ban sɛn’ɛ li bugum saana ni ka nɔki li lɔs sikir pʋʋgin bɛɛ zɛn’ɛdin di. Vanpɔla nɛ buspaala la (ka ba buon ye ''talbos ng kamote'' bɛɛ ''camote'' tops) anɛ diibi tisi ba ka ba sɛɛdi niŋid salad nii gɛndig nɛ zɛɛnd kanɛ ka ba nɔk zimi maal. Ba si’eba dʋgʋdi li kuomi’isim ni nɛ zɛn’ɛd kanɛ ka ba nɔk bɛŋa maal ka diti li nɛ ziŋki’ima (ka ba buon ye ''adobong talbos ng kamote''), bɛɛ ba di nɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba buon ''sinigang''.<ref name=":14" /> Kuom kanɛ ka ba siligidi yit ''camote'' tops ni la kala anɛ purple, ka ba gɛndigidi li nɛ lemon kuom nud. Ba kuosid dankal suor nɔya ni nɛ tɛnkpɛmisin. Ba mɔr sikiri bʋlʋgʋd dankal ki’ima kuosid ka li an nintaŋ diib.<ref>Nicole J. Managbanag (25 October 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110107140211/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cagayan-de-oro/feature/elections-and-banana-cue "Elections and banana cue"]. ''Sun.Star''. sunstar.com.ph/. Archived from [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cagayan-de-oro/feature/elections-and-banana-cue the original] on 7 January 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2011.</ref> Ba mɔr dankal li maan ''halo-halo'' linɛ ka ba buon ''ginatan'', lin anɛ ba dʋg dankal la nɛ kube kuom pʋʋgin nɛ sikir kanɛ ka ba gɛndig si’elnam wan wʋʋ rootcrops, sago, jackfruit, nɛ ''bilu-bilo'' (glutinous rice balls).<ref>Daluz, Susan G. (2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723154932/http://ruby.inquirer.net/specialfeatures/paskongpinoy2005/articles/120205/wine_2.php "A recipe that supported a brood of 12"]. ''[[:en:Philippine_Daily_Inquirer|Philippine Daily Inquirer]]''. INQ7 Interactive, Inc. an Inquirer and GMA Network Company. Inquirer News Service. Archived from [http://ruby.inquirer.net/specialfeatures/paskongpinoy2005/articles/120205/wine_2.php the original] on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2011.</ref> [[Bodobodo]] kanɛ ka ba nɔk dankal li maal yʋ’ʋr mɛ yi ya hali. Dankal kuob anɛ na’ana’a, ka tɛnkpɛmisin ka ba bɛ bɛdigʋ kuosuoya ni. linɛ ka ba pʋ sɛɛ ka li yii li mɛŋ la anɛ kurkurnam din. Indonesia tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye ''ubi jalar'' (lit: "nyɛ’ɛlim kanɛ tɛɛnd") bɛɛ ''ubi'' giŋa, ka ba kiimid nɛ la’asi’eba dit nɛ kodu ki’imi, tempeh, tahu, breadfruit, bɛɛ cassava. Kʋkʋna banɛ bɛ West Papua ni la, dankal anɛ ba dikpɛŋ. Ba dɔlisid nɛ ''bakar batu'' dʋgʋb suor, tampiins banɛ nyʋ’ʋe bugum ka ba lɔbidi niŋid bʋnbɔk kanɛ ka vaand bɛɛ li pʋʋgin. Dankal ka ba pak, ka la’as zɛnvaand, nɛ kurkur ni’im tampiing zug. Ba nɔkid vaand bɛdigʋ pa’ani li zugin, ka dʋgi li hour nam bɛdigʋ ka li kɛ ka tʋʋlig la nyaŋi nwɛ’ɛ dʋg la’abanɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la. Vietnamese cuisine tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye ''khoai lang'' ka ba dʋgʋd nɛ la’amalisa wan wʋʋ corn syrup, siind, sikir, bɛɛ molasses.<ref>Bác sĩ Nguyễn Ý Đức. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LsU9WOMU6LAC&pg=PA212 Dinh dưỡng và thực phẩm]'' (in Vietnamese). Tủ sách Rộng mở tâm hồn. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230422012028/https://books.google.com/books?id=LsU9WOMU6LAC&pg=PA212 Archived] from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.</ref> Dankal vanpɔla la ka ba mɔri maan biis diib, li kaskas anɛ Southeast Asia nɛ East Asia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141217125322/http://www.fao.org/WAIRdocs/x5425e/x5425e0d.htm "Sweet Potato"]. [[:en:South_Pacific_Commission|South Pacific Commission]]. ''South Pacific Foods''. [[:en:Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_of_the_United_Nations|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]]. 1990. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1018-0966 1018-0966]. Leaflet No. 13. Archived from [http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/x5425e/x5425e0d.htm the original] on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2012.</ref><ref>Ma, Idelia; Glorioso, G. (January–December 2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130527133110/http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=49 "10 Best Foods for Babies"]. Food and Nutrition Research Institute. [[:en:Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Philippines)|Department of Science and Technology]], Republic of the Philippines. Archived from [http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=49 the original] on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2012.</ref> Dankal kanɛ ka ba nɛɛm mɛ bɛ dunia wʋsa.<ref>Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin, eds. (2004). "Cultures". ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nrMRezmNrPcC&q=sweet%20potato%20leaves%20baby%20food&pg=PA596 Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology]''. Springer. p. 596. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780306477546|9780306477546]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172708/https://books.google.com/books?id=nrMRezmNrPcC&q=sweet%20potato%20leaves%20baby%20food&pg=PA596#v=onepage&q=sweet%20potato%20leaves%20baby%20food&f=false Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2020.</ref> ====== United States ====== Dankal kanɛ ka ba bʋlʋg sikir mɛ anɛ dikanɛ ka ba mɔri dit nɛ disi’eba ka ba maan nɛ brown sugar, marshmallows, maple syrup, molasses, orange juice, ''marron glacé'', bɛɛ la’abanɛ malis si’eba. Ba diti li US tita’am nɛ bareka pʋ’ʋsim saŋa. Dankal casserole anɛ dikanɛ ka ba nɔk dankal kanɛ ka ba tu’a nɛ casserole maal, ka ba bʋlʋg nɛ sikir bɛɛ pecan.<ref>Diana Rattray. "Sweet potato casserole recipe with crunchy pecan topping". Southern Food. ''About.com''. Archived from the original on 16 November 2010. Retrieved 26 November 2010.</ref> Dankal anɛ dikanɛ ka nidib nɔŋi li hali bɛ French nɛ Spanish tɛŋ dimi bɛ zin’ig si’a, ka li pa’al ye ba da pin’ili li kuob hali bɛnɛ Louisiana.<ref>[http://www.yambilee.com/content/view/12/26/ "History of the Louisiana Yambilee"]. ''Yambilee.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080513140217/http://www.yambilee.com/content/view/12/26/ Archived] from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 14 April 2008.</ref> Tɛŋ banɛ gɔs ka dankal an tɛŋ la zɛnvaadi hali anɛ Alabama,<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/alabama/articles/2021-04-17/ivey-oks-naming-sweet-potato-as-alabamas-state-vegetable "Ivey OKs Naming Sweet Potato as Alabama's State Vegetable"]. [[:en:Usnews.com|usnews.com]]. 17 April 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210420110134/https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/alabama/articles/2021-04-17/ivey-oks-naming-sweet-potato-as-alabamas-state-vegetable Archived] from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.</ref> Louisiana,<ref>[https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=181346 "RS 49:170.11"]. ''Revised Statutes''. Louisiana State Legislature. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180728221322/https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=181346 Archived] from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018.</ref> nɛ North Carolina.<ref>[http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/pubsweb/symbols/sy-sweet.htm "Sweet Potato – North Carolina State Vegetable"]. State of North Carolina. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120422140045/http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/pubsweb/symbols/sy-sweet.htm Archived] from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2014.</ref> Dankal ki’ima anɛ dikpɛŋ hali tis Southern U.S. cuisine. Dankal ki’ima la buudi si’a anɛ Okinawan sweet potato haupia pie, linɛ ka ba nɔk dankal kanɛ an purple la maal. Ba da pin’il dankal kiimig nɛ nineteenth century sa bɛ [[United States of America (USA)|United States]].<ref>McLellan Plaisted, S. (October 2011). [https://hearttohearthcookery.wordpress.com/2011/10/02/sweet-potato-fries-are-not-new/ "Sweet potato fries are not new"]. ''hearttoearthcookery.com''. Historical Society of York County, Pennsylvania. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180504012759/https://hearttohearthcookery.wordpress.com/2011/10/02/sweet-potato-fries-are-not-new/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.</ref> Dankal ki’ima maalig pʋ tɔe ya ka anɛ ban na kiimi li kpaam pʋʋgin. Ba da sɛn’ɛd dankal banɛ ka ba bu’ar bɛɛ nwaas ka nɔki lɔs kpaam pʋʋgin yaae ka tʋʋlʋgi li nɛ [[bugum]] yiiga bɛnɛ [[United States of America (USA)|United States]] 21st century pin’ilig saŋa, diib kanɛ ka ba buon "dankal ki’ima". Ba mɔr dankal dʋgʋda kanɛ ka ba nɛɛm ka li bʋlʋgi paasid disi’eba pʋʋgin dit, li kaskas anɛ ba ya’a la’as ye ba maal malisim bɛɛ banɛ sɛn’ɛd ni’im zin’isin. Ba buon John Bettencourt Avila ye "dankal kpaadib yaab" bɛ North America.<ref>Johns, Stephanie Bernardo (1981). ''The Ethnic Almanac''. Doubleday. p. 373. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780385141437|9780385141437]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Hook, Julius Nicholas (1983). ''Family Names: The Origins, Meanings, Mutations, and History of More Than 2,800 American Names''. Collier. p. 178. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780020800002|9780020800002]]</bdi>.</ref> '''Oceania''' Māori dim buudi da kua ba kɔ’ɔbkɔ’ɔb bʋnbaalig, banɛ pa’adi an dɔnbʋʋlim, ka ba zɛm wʋʋ nu’ubil nɛ ka ba buon kūmara (ka li yʋda si’eba an ''taputini'',<ref>Burtenshaw, M. (2009). [http://www.openpolytechnic.ac.nz/assets/Marketing/Research/Current-working-papers/MaoriKumara.pdf "A guide to growing pre-European Māori kumara"] (PDF). [[:en:The_Open_Polytechnic_of_New_Zealand|The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110522094638/http://openpolytechnic.ac.nz/assets/Marketing/Research/Current-working-papers/MaoriKumara.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2011.</ref> ''taroamahoe'', ''pehu'', ''hutihuti'', and ''rekamaroa''<ref>Tapsell, Enid (1947). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724191414/http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_56_1947/Volume_56,_No._4/Original_kumara,_by_Enid_Tapsell,_p_325-332/p1 "Original Kumara"]. ''TJPS''. pp. 325–332. Archived from [https://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_56_1947/Volume_56,_No._4/Original_kumara,_by_Enid_Tapsell,_p_325-332/p1 the original] on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2011.</ref>) banɛ ka ba da mɔri yi Polynesia tɛŋin na. Ba vɛɛn vɛɛnsa gɔs ka li an ye banɛ an baanlig la maan sʋ’ʋŋa,<ref>Wilson, Dee (29 April 2009). [http://www.stuff.co.nz/marlborough-express/news/2371731/Heritage-kumara-shows-its-worth "Heritage kumara shows its worth"]. ''[[:en:The_Marlborough_Express|The Marlborough Express]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614131642/http://www.stuff.co.nz/marlborough-express/news/2371731/Heritage-kumara-shows-its-worth Archived] from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.</ref> amaa [[United States of America (USA)|America]] nidib banɛ da tuud suori dɔlisid [[Ku'om|kuomin]] da mɔr bʋnbɛda na 19th century pin’ilig saŋa, ka ba da yadig tɛŋ tɔ’ɔtɔ’.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110724194448/http://www.thegrower.co.nz/article_view.php?aid=263 "Waitangi tribunal and the kumara claim"]. ''The Grower''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horticulture_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1 Horticulture New Zealand]. Archived from [http://www.thegrower.co.nz/article_view.php?aid=263 the original] on 24 July 2011.</ref><ref>Stokes, Jon (1 February 2007). [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/agriculture/news/article.cfm?c_id=16&objectid=10421870 "Kumara claim becomes hot potato"]. ''[[:en:The_New_Zealand_Herald|The New Zealand Herald]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120122075430/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/agriculture/news/article.cfm?c_id=16&objectid=10421870 Archived] from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10422951 "DNA analysis expected to solve kumara row"]. ''[[:en:The_New_Zealand_Herald|The New Zealand Herald]]''. [[:en:NZPA|NZPA]]. 8 February 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120130142635/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10422951 Archived] from the original on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2011.</ref><ref>Yen, Douglas Ernest (2005) [1966]. [https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/kumara "Kumara"]. In A. H. McLintock (ed.). ''An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand''. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-478-18451-8|978-0-478-18451-8]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130425070347/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/kumara Archived] from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2011.</ref> Lin da wa’ae yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ yinnɛ ni la (2021), banɛ gɔsid kʋdʋmin la’ad yela da vɛɛns ya ka ye dankal da pʋ nyaŋi maal titua bɛ New Zealand south linɛ bɛ Christchurch sʋ’ʋlim la ba tɛŋ la mɔr waad la zug, ka li da kɛ ka Māori buudi nidib la an (ban nɛ Moriori dim banɛ bɛ Chatham Islands) nimbanɛ bɛ Polynesian sʋ’ʋlim an tɔn’ɔsnam. Amaa, yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ yinnɛ (2021) vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka ba da vɛɛnsi yi la’abanɛ ka ba nyɛ bʋnbɔk si’a ni ka li kpie Dunedin, an wʋʋ 250 km (160 mi) ya’dagɔbʋg, da pa’al ye ba da kuod dankal ka su’adi li 15th century, ka li kuob nyaan da lɛb nya’aŋ ka ba ye li anɛ waad yela.<ref name=":13" /> Māori dim buon dankal dʋgʋda ye kūmara ka ba ɛɛti sɛn’ɛ li bɛ hāngī (sɛn’ɛb dɔɔg). Ba nan maana ala ba ya’a la’as taaba ba la’asig zin’ig kanɛ ka ba buon marae ni. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnaasi nɛ ayɔpɔi ni (1947), black rot (''Ceratocystis fimbriata'') da yi kūmara na bɛ Auckland tɛŋin baba ka nɔbig bɛdigʋ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnu nam saŋa la (1950s).<ref>Slade, D. A. (1960). "Black rot an important disease of Kumaras". ''New Zealand Journal of Agriculture''. '''100''' (4).</ref> Joe nɛ Fay Gock da paam yinnɛ kanɛ ka wisi’eba pʋ tɔ’ɔe o. Ba da nɔki li tis tɛŋ la kpɛɛmnam, ka li da kɛ ka ba di’e piini kanɛ buon Bledisloe Cup yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ atan’ ni (2013).<ref>Loren, Anna (8 August 2013). [http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/manukau-courier/9012161/Bledisloe-Cup-for-service-to-horticulture "Bledisloe Cup for service to horticulture"]. ''[[:en:Manukau_Courier|Manukau Courier]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181225031119/http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/manukau-courier/9012161/Bledisloe-Cup-for-service-to-horticulture Archived] from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/loading-docs-how-mr-and-mrs-gock-saved-the-kumara-2016 "Loading Docs 2016 – How Mr and Mrs Gock Saved the Kumara"]. ''Loading Docs''. [[:en:NZ_On_Screen|NZ On Screen]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710132015/https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/loading-docs-how-mr-and-mrs-gock-saved-the-kumara-2016 Archived] from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</ref> kūmara buudi la mɔr abʋtan’ ka ba kuosid New Zealand tɛŋin: 'Owairaka Red' ("red"), 'Toka Toka Gold' ("gold"), nɛ 'Beauregard' ("orange"). Tɛŋ la kuod dankal wan wʋʋ 24,000 metric tons yʋʋm wʋsa pʋʋgin,<ref>[https://www.freshfacts.co.nz/files/freshfacts-2018.pdf "Fresh Facts: New Zealand Horticulture"] (PDF). ''Plant & Food Research''. 2018. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1177-2190 1177-2190]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190707053253/https://www.freshfacts.co.nz/files/freshfacts-2018.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2019.</ref> ka li tita’am, piswai nɛ ayɔpɔi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (97%) ba kuodi bɛnɛ Northland Region.<ref>Barrington, Mike; Downey, Robyn (18 March 2006). [http://www.northernadvocate.co.nz/local/news/ohakune-has-its-carrot-and-dargaville-has-its-kuma/3676978/ "Ohakune has its carrot ... and Dargaville has its kumara"]. ''[[:en:The_Northern_Advocate|The Northern Advocate]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724193541/http://www.northernadvocate.co.nz/local/news/ohakune-has-its-carrot-and-dargaville-has-its-kuma/3676978/ Archived] from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2012.</ref> Dankal ka ba buon Kūmara la bɛ New Zealand tɛŋin saŋa wʋsa yʋʋm pʋʋgin, ka anina ka ba di’e potatoes nɔbir.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/food-wine/recipes/1397627 "How to cook with kumara"]. ''[[:en:Taranaki_Daily_News|Taranaki Daily News]]''. 3 March 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614131620/http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/food-wine/recipes/1397627 Archived] from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.</ref> Kūmara paas dibanɛ ka ba sɛn’ɛd pʋʋgin, ka ba diti li nɛ cream kanɛ pʋ Malisa nɛ nanzʋ’ʋs. Ba diti li nɛ zɛnma’asa wan wʋʋ potatoes nɛ yʋ’a ka ba maan si’em la, ka ba maani li nɛ la’abanɛ na paas ka zɛn’ɛd malis. Ba pɛ’ɛl zin’is banɛ ka ba kuosid la’ad ni, zin’is banɛ ka ba sɛn’ɛd diib bʋnamɛ kuosid nɛ bʋnbʋ’ad banɛ ka ba dʋgʋd ka ba buoni ba anina ye hāngī la ni. Nidib banɛ an Urapmin buudi bɛ Papua New Guinea, buon dankal ye taro (ka Urap pian’ad ni an ''ima'') ka lɛn mɔr dankal yinnɛ (Urap: ''wan'') anɛ dibanɛ sʋŋid hali, ka ban buon 'diib' nɛ sɔb si’a Urap pian’ad ni la la’as nɛ yʋda ayi’ nwa.<ref>Robbins, Joel (1995). "Dispossessing the Spirits: Christian Transformations of Desire and Ecology among the Urapmin of Papua New Guinea". ''[[:en:Ethnology_(journal)|Ethnology]]''. '''34''' (3): 211–24. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/3773824|10.2307/3773824]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3773824 3773824].</ref> '''Europe''' Veneto (northeast Italy) sʋ’ʋlim, ba buon dankal ye ''patata mericana'', bɛ Venetian buudi pian’ad ni (''patata americana'' bɛ Italian buudi pian’ad ni, ka li gbin an "America dankal"), ka ba kuodi li zin’is wʋsa bɛ yadagɔbʋg, region la ni;.<ref>Parrella, Giuseppe; Troiano, Elisa (6 October 2021). [[doi:10.1002/ndr2.12050|"First report of Sweet potato virus G in sweet potato in Italy"]]. ''New Disease Reports''. '''44''' (2): 1. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ndr2.12050|10.1002/ndr2.12050]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2044-0588 2044-0588].</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100112083605/http://www2.regione.veneto.it/videoinf/rurale/prodotti/pat_americana.htm "la patata americana di Anguillara"]. Mondo agricolo veneto. Archived from [http://www2.regione.veneto.it/videoinf/rurale/prodotti/pat_americana.htm the original] on 12 January 2010.</ref> Spain tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye ''boniato''. Yʋ’ʋŋ kanɛ ka ba di’emid di’emkanɛ ka ba buon All Souls' Day, bɛ Catalonia (northeastern Spain) la, dikanɛ ka ba dit tita’am anɛ dankal sɛn’ɛda nɛ chestnuts, panellets nɛ damalisiŋ. Ba buon tigir nwa’ ye ''La Castanyada''.<ref>Català, Col·lectiu de (1979). [https://raco.cat/index.php/CarrerArbres/article/view/296568 "Mots. La Castanyada"]. ''Carrer dels Arbres. Revista anuari del Museu de Badalona'' (5): 2. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2014-9794 2014-9794].</ref><ref>[[:es:Castanyada#Casta%C3%B1ada|es:Castanyada#Castañada]]</ref> Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ atan’ ni (2023), Spain da anɛ tɛŋ kanɛ kua dankal li gaadi o taaba bɛ Europe sʋ’ʋlim.<ref>[https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/sweet-potatoes-0/market-potential "The European market potential for sweet potatoes | CBI"]. ''www.cbi.eu''. Retrieved 23 July 2024.</ref> '''South America''' Peru sʋ’ʋlim, ba buon dankal ye ''camote'' ka ba dit nɛ [[Ziiŋ|zimi]] diib. Dankal ki’ima anɛ dikanɛ ka ba kuosid zin’ig wʋsa anina, suoyanam ni nɛ diib kuosig zin’is. Dulce de batata anɛ dikanɛ ka Argentine, Paraguayan nɛ Uruguayan dit, ka li anɛ dankal ka ba nɔki maal. Li malis nɛ, ka lɛɛ kpi’em bi’ela ka ba mɔr [[Sʋ’ʋraag|sʋ’ʋgi]] nwaad bi’elbi’eli dit. '''Dunia wʋsa''' Dunia wʋsa ni, dankal anɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba mɔri paasidi dʋgʋd mui nɛ disi’eba, li kaskas anɛ maki rolls. Onɛ da pin’ili nɔk Dankal li paasi dʋg mui nɛ disi’eba anɛ Bun Lai onɛ bɛ Miya's Sushi ni, onɛ da maal dankal li gbilim ka gɛndig si’elnami li pʋʋg yiiga yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai nam saŋa (1990s) on da bɔɔd ye o nɔk bʋnbʋtiri maal wan wʋʋ ban da mɔr zimi maan sushi rolls si’em la.<ref>Knighton, Ryan (6 October 2016). [https://www.popularmechanics.com/adventure/outdoors/a22396/truth-is-in-the-muck-invasive-species-delicacies/ "The Sushi Chef Turning Invasive Species Into Delicacies"]. ''[[:en:Popular_Mechanics|Popular Mechanics]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190422160326/https://www.popularmechanics.com/adventure/outdoors/a22396/truth-is-in-the-muck-invasive-species-delicacies/ Archived] from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.</ref><ref>Kleiner, Matthew (1 February 2019). [https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2019/02/01/sushis-role/ "Sushi's Role"]. ''[[:en:Yale_Daily_News|Yale Daily News]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190422160328/https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2019/02/01/sushis-role/ Archived] from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.</ref><ref>Arnott, Christopher (September–October 2016). [https://yalealumnimagazine.com/articles/4337-sushi-celebrity "New Haven: Sushi celebrity"]. ''[[:en:Yale_Alumni_Magazine|Yale Alumni Magazine]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190422160330/https://yalealumnimagazine.com/articles/4337-sushi-celebrity Archived] from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.</ref> ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[Category:Di nyε’εda]] 1wzpemzy69q9uw9ncrqdvzsb7gnd3rb 0 1965 14948 14945 2025-06-20T04:12:50Z Frank Awini Abugri 162 I added a category 14948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q17507129}} '''Wɔtamɛlɔn''' ka sieba buon ye '''watamilo''' la anɛ bʋmbʋtir kanɛ puud la buudi yinne kanɛ bɛ Cucurbitaceae ni, linɛ mɔri wɛlditir tita’ar. Li anɛ tʋŋ kanɛ tɛɛnd ka vin ka ba bʋti li dʋnia nwa zin’is bɛdigʋ ni. Ka li buudi kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb gaŋ tusir 1,000. Australia dim kuod watamilo nɛ zin'ig banɛ ka saa nɛ nintaŋ wʋsa zɛmis.  Di anɛ bunwala kanɛ ka dunia dim wʋsa nɔŋ.Di anɛ wal kanɛ an' gbiligʋ ka pʋ pʋdʋg pʋʋginɛ. Ka na'asaanam buon ye ( pepo). Di pʋʋgʋn anɛ kuom nɛ diib kanɛ malis ka mɔr mimilim. Di yiti anɛ wiigʋ bɛɛ zɛn'ʋg ka mɔr biili ka li an' sabila sabila. Ti mɛ mɔr sieba ka ba pʋ mɔr biili. Fʋ tʋn'ɔɛ dii li ala bɛɛ fʋ sɛ ba. Di nya'aŋ pak la mɛ tʋn'ɔɛ dʋgʋ gɛndig diibi di. Fʋ mɛ tʋn'ɔɛ nɛɛm li bɛɛ saam yu'oe nu wʋʋ daam nɛ. Kordofan melons yitnɛ  Sudan ka mɔr kpinnim  nɛ   banɛ kuod watamilo paalis  bɛɛ saamis.<ref>Renner, Susanne S.; Wu, Shan; Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A.; Silber, Martina V.; Fei, Zhangjun; Chomicki, Guillaume (24 May 2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8201767 "A chromosome-level genome of a Kordofan melon illuminates the origin of domesticated watermelons"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences''. '''118''' (23): e2101486118. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PNAS..11801486R :2021PNAS..11801486R]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.2101486118|10.1073/pnas.2101486118]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424 0027-8424]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8201767 8201767]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34031154 34031154]</ref> Ba da nyɛ nɛ watamilo biili la nɛ mɔɔgʋnɛ kpi'e nɛ Uan Muhuggiag la.Banɛ gɔsid yɛl banɛ naam sa yɛlla bɛ Libya teŋin la daa vɛɛns nyɛ biili nwa yʋʋm  3500 BC.<ref>Wasylikowa, Krystyna; van der Veen, Marijke (2004). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23419585 "An archaeobotanical contribution to the history of watermelon, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (syn. C. vulgaris Schrad.)"]. ''Vegetation History and Archaeobotany''. '''13''' (4): 213–217. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004VegHA..13..213W 2004VegHA..13..213W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s00334-004-0039-6|10.1007/s00334-004-0039-6]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0939-6314 0939-6314]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23419585 23419585]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129058509 129058509]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220324002832/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23419585 Archived] from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 14 December 2020.</ref> yʋʋm  2022 la ni, ka ba lɛn vɛɛns ka ye, watamilo biili pʋn bɛ wʋʋ yʋma tusa yuobu, 6,000-year-old ka di bɛ Libya pipirisin  wɛn wʋʋ Nigerian nyiiri biili nɛ bɛ west Africa sʋ'ʋlʋm la.<ref>Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A.; Tusso, Sergio; Przelomska, Natalia A. S.; Wu, Shan; Ryan, Philippa; Nesbitt, Mark; Silber, Martina V.; Preick, Michaela; Fei, Zhangjun; Hofreiter, Michael; Chomicki, Guillaume; Renner, Susanne S. (3 August 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9387916 "Genome Sequencing of up to 6,000-Year-Old Citrullus Seeds Reveals Use of a Bitter-Fleshed Species Prior to Watermelon Domestication".] ''Molecular Biology and Evolution''. '''39''' (8): msac168. doi:[[doi:10.1093/molbev/msac168|10.1093/molbev/msac168]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1537-1719 1537-1719]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9387916 9387916]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35907246 35907246].</ref> Watamilo da dɛŋin kuod nɛ  north-east Africa sʋ'ʋlʋm nɛ  Egypt wʋʋ yʋʋm 2000 BC la ni, amaa saŋa kan la ba da nam pʋ malisi wan wʋʋ nannanna bʋnam laa. Watamilo da yadigi gilig teŋgba'aŋ  la nɛ  Roman dim saŋa la.<ref>Paris, Harry S. (August 2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4512189 "Origin and emergence of the sweet dessert watermelon, ''Citrullus lanatus''"]. ''Annals of Botany''. '''116''' (2): 133–148. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/aob/mcv077|10.1093/aob/mcv077]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4512189 4512189]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26141130 26141130].</ref> Banɛ gɔsid zʋʋd dʋam yɛlla muki bɔ bun bʋʋda banɛ ka ban'ans kʋ nya'aŋi kpɛn'ɛ.  Kpaadib bɛdigʋ bɛ na nyaŋi kia bɛɛ pɔn'ɔ ba watamilo, ba ya'a bʋd dabisa kɔbiga bɛn ka di bi'igi siak bunnib. Din yi yʋʋm 2023 la, China dimɛ an banɛ bɛ tuon dunia wʋsa ni, ti ya'a gɔs watamillo kuodibin. Dunia wʋsa watamilo kuodib ya'a pʋdig zin'is atan, ba na nɔk ayi.<ref name=":0">[https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data "Watermelon production in 2020, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)".] ''FAOSTAT''. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161112130804/https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data Archived] from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 20 January 2022.</ref> [[Category:Di wɛltɛɛnda]] == Pa'alʋg == Watamilo la anɛ yʋʋm yinne bʋmbʋtir kanɛ nyaŋid dʋt agɔl bɛɛ tiend. Li na tun’e tiɛn wa’am paae wʋʋ mitanam 3 (10 feet) ka li ya’am la bɛɛ bullin la mɔr gbɛɛnd zɛn’ɛʋg. li viand wa’alim na yi wʋʋ milimitanam 60 ti paae wʋʋ 200 (2+¹⁄₄ to 7+³⁄₄ inches) ka li labisim an wʋʋ milimitanam 40 ti paae wʋʋ 150 (1+¹⁄₂ to 6 in). li ɛɛnti yaadimnɛ atan’ bɛɛ gaarʋg ka vanmɛna la wʋsa ɛnti mɔrnɛ gbɛɛnd ka til la ya’a ti gʋn’ ka li sʋʋg. watamilo gɛndir anɛ dinɛ aadimid wila bɛdigʋ. Gɛndir yinnɛ wʋsa nyaŋid puud puum daag bɛɛ puum nya’aŋ ka li an piel bɛɛ dɔnbʋʋlʋm ka wa’am agɔl wʋʋ milimitanam 40 (1+¹⁄₂ in) ka mɔr gbɛɛnd bɛdigʋ ginnir la ni. Puum yinne wʋsa ɛnti tɔnnɛ vaang tɔ’ɔŋir ni, li dʋ’am pʋʋgin an si’em anɛ ye puum la bundaag nɛ li bʋnnya’aŋ wʋsa ɛnti la’asnɛ yi tiig yinne ni na ka na’asaanam buon ye monoecious. Puumin la, bundaad la ɛnti dɛŋim tɔn yiiga ka bunnya’as la naan yuolum tɔn na nɛ li gɛlla kanɛ na naam wɛl la. Wɛltita’ar la anɛ wɛlsaʋŋ kanɛ ka ti buon ye pepo ka li mɔr pak gbiribir ka mɔr bʋʋdʋm bɛdigʋ sʋʋgin (mesocarp and endocarp).<ref>"[http://www.worldbotanical.com/fruit_types.htm A Systematic Treatment of Fruit Types]". Worldbotanical.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170713022453/http://www.worldbotanical.com/fruit_types.htm Archived] from the original on 13 July 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2014.</ref> Mɔɔgin bʋnam la wɛla anɛ wʋʋ 20 cm (8 in) zu’or pʋʋgin ka dinɛ ka ba bʋt la wɛla zu’olum mɛ na tun’e gaad wʋʋ 60 cm (24 in). wɛl la mɛŋ anɛ dɛn’ɛn-sʋsɔbir ka gʋli-gʋl bɛɛ tɛn’ɛsi-tɛn’ɛs ka mɔr bʋʋbʋm ka vɔnbibis bɛ li ni, li tun’e an zɛn’ɛʋg, dɔn bʋʋlʋm bɛɛ piel.<ref name=":1">Maynard, David; Maynard, Donald N. (2012). "Part II, Section C, Chapter 6: Cucumbers, Melons and Watermelons". In Kiple, Kenneth F.; Ornelas, Kriemhild Coneè (eds.). ''The Cambridge World History of Food''. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 267–270. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521402156|10.1017/CHOL9780521402156.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-40215-6|<bdi>978-0-521-40215-6</bdi>.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1044500 1044500]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16562324 16562324].</ref><ref name=":2">"[http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/citrullanat.htm ''Citrullus lanatus'' (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai]". South Africa National Biodiversity Institute. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074427/http://www.plantzafrica.com/plantcd/citrullanat.htm Archived] from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2014.</ref> Watamilo tɔɔd mɛ bɛ. ka [[Western Australia]] dim  buonɛ ba ye ‘’kur-kurnam milo’’ li bɛ temis bɛdigʋ ni ka ba  ye li anɛ ‘’bunvʋya tiis’’.<ref>Parsons, William Thomas; Cuthbertson, Eric George (2001). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=sRCrNAQQrpwC&q=wild%20melon%20australia&pg=PA408 Noxious Weeds of Australia]'' (2nd ed.). Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. pp. 407–408. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0643065147|<bdi>978-0643065147</bdi>.]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230313192605/https://books.google.com/books?id=sRCrNAQQrpwC&q=wild%20melon%20australia&pg=PA408 Archived] from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2014.</ref> == Takzonomi == Yטטm tusir, kɔbis yɔpɔi nɛ pisnu nɛ atan' (1753) la ni, Carl Linnaeus da ba da an onɛ pa'alɛ di yɛla yiiga ka pטdi yט'טr yee ''Cucurbita citrullus.'' == Tʋʋma == === Diib === Wɔtamɛlɔn malis nɛ, ka ba diti li tita’am bɛ tʋʋlʋg saŋa, ka ba nwaasi ba baanlig, ka gɛndig wal sieba, bɛɛ ba yuoe ba [[Ku'om|kuom]] la.<ref>[http://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/vegetables/watermelon/ "Watermelon"]. g Marketing Resource Center, US Department of Agriculture, Iowa State University. 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170730193926/http://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/vegetables/watermelon Archived] from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.fruitsandveggiesmorematters.org/top-10-ways-to-enjoy-watermelon "Top 10 ways to enjoy watermelon"]. Produce for Better Health Foundation, Centers for Disease Control, US National Institutes of Health. 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170729190952/http://www.fruitsandveggiesmorematters.org/top-10-ways-to-enjoy-watermelon Archived] from the original on 29 July 2017. Retrieved 9 May 2017.</ref> Ba mɔr wɔtamɛlɔn gɛndigid nɛ wal si’eba nɛɛmid ka li kilimid kuom bɛɛ ba nɔki maal daam.<ref>Ogodo, A. C.; Ugbogu, O. C.; Ugbogu, A. E.; Ezeonu, C. S. (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4639538 "Production of mixed fruit (pawpaw, banana and watermelon) wine using Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from palm wine"]. ''SpringerPlus''. '''4''': 683. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1186/s40064-015-1475-8|10.1186/s40064-015-1475-8]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4639538 4639538]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26576326 26576326].</ref> Li biili la mɔr nyʋʋg kanɛ malis ka ba dɛligid ka sɛn’ɛdi li bɛɛ ba nɛɛmi li ka li kilim zɔ’ɔm.<ref name=":2" /> Wɔtamɛlɔn pak la anɛ bʋnditir, amaa li pʋ Malisa, fʋ ya’a bɔɔd ye li malis fʋ tɔ’ɔn nɔki lɔs yaarim bɛɛ sikir pʋʋgin ka li malis,<ref>Todd C. Wehner (2008). "Watermelon". In Jaime Prohens and Fernando Nuez (ed.). ''Vegetables I''. Handbook of Plant Breeding. Vol. 1. Springer. pp. 381–418. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-0-387-30443-4_12|10.1007/978-0-387-30443-4_12]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-387-72291-7|978-0-387-72291-7]]</bdi>.</ref> ka ba diti li saŋsi’eba ka li an zɛnma’asa, bɛɛ ba kiim, bɛɛ ba dʋgʋ li wan ni stew.<ref name=":2" /><ref>Bryant Terry (2009). ''[[iarchive:vegansoulkitchen00terr|Vegan Soul Kitchen: Fresh, Healthy, and Creative African-American Cuisine]]''. Da Capo Press. p. [[iarchive:vegansoulkitchen00terr/page/46|46]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-4503-6|978-0-7867-4503-6]]</bdi>.</ref> ''Citrullis lanatus'', buudi ''caffer'', nɔbigid mɔɔgin Kalahari Desert, anina ka ba buoni li ye tsamma.<ref name=":2" /> San dim nɛ bʋnkɔnbid mɔr biili la dit li [[Ku'om|kuom]] nɛ laafi tisib yela, ka li kɛt ka ba nyaŋidi dit tsamma paad bakwai ayuobʋ.<ref name=":2" /> '''Nwɛnnɛm''' Ba mɔr wɔtamɛlɔn la ka li an zanbini pa’an Palestinian zi’esim,<ref>Holtermann, Callie (27 December 2023). [https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/27/style/watermelon-emoji-palestine.html "Why the Watermelon Emoji Is a Symbol of Support for Palestinians"]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 5 January 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.middleeasteye.net/video/watermelon-slice-palestinian-resistance "Watermelon: A slice of Palestinian resistance"]. ''Middle East Eye''. 17 August 2022.</ref><ref>Sharon, Jeremy (21 June 2023). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/activists-use-watermelons-to-protest-police-crackdown-on-palestinian-flags/ "Activists use watermelons to protest police crackdown on Palestinian flags"]. ''The Times of Israel''.</ref> nimbanɛ bɛ Kherson region Ukraine tɛŋin, ka pa’ani ba tɛŋ zi’esim sʋŋ yela, wan wʋʋ 'li yiŋ la an dɛn’ɛm, ka pʋʋgin la an wiig si’em la'. Kuom zuoe li pʋʋgin la zug, ba mɔr wɔtamɛlɔn ka li pa’al pʋ’alim bɛɛ daʋlim yela, "[[Ku'om|kuom]]" bɛɛ bɔɔdim ti’akir yela.<ref>[https://proudzebra.com/blogs/gender-identities/about-abrosexual#:~:text=The%20Abrosexual%20Pride%20Flag%20was,representative%20of%20being%20%22fluid%22. "What does Abrosexual mean?"]. ''ProudZebra''. 6 January 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.sfgmc.org/blog/pride-flags#block-yui_3_17_2_1_1683145657332_176298 "GET TO KNOW THE MEANING BEHIND THE COLORS OF MAJOR PRIDE FLAGS"]. ''SFGMC''. 17 April 2023.</ref> [[United States of America (USA)|United States]] sʋ’ʋlim ni, ba mɔr wɔtamɛlɔn ka li pa’an barigaŋ kanɛ bɛ [[Africa yɛla|Africa]] nidib nɛ Americans tɛnsʋk la.<ref>Black, William R. (2018). "How Watermelons Became Black: Emancipation and the Origins of a Racist Trope". ''Journal of the Civil War Era''. '''8''' (1): 64–86. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2154-4727 2154-4727]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26381503 26381503].</ref> == Kuob == Wɔtamɛlɔn anɛ bʋnbʋta banɛ banɛ ka ba kuod zin’is banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ, ka lin bɔɔd tʋʋlig si’em bɛn nar ye li gaad 25 °C (77 °F) ka ba nyaŋi nɔbig. Lɔmbɔn’ɔg pʋʋgin, ba bʋd biili nɛ dʋgʋd pʋʋgin ka ligili li ka yʋ’ʋn nyaan mɔri kɛŋ sɛ’ tɛŋin. Lin bɔɔd ye tɛŋ la an si’em anɛ titambin’isig zin’ig kanɛ mɔr kʋ’ʋlim ka tɛŋ zɛn’ɛsim an wan wʋʋ 5.7 nɛ 7.2 tɛnsʋk.<ref>[https://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/crop-information/watermelon/en/https://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/crop-information/watermelon/en/ "Watermelon | Land & Water | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations | Land & Water | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"]. ''fao.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230220211242/https://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/crop-information/watermelon/en/https://web.archive.org/web/20230220211242/https://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/crop-information/watermelon/en/ Archived] from the original on 20 February 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2023.</ref> Bʋnvʋya banɛ san’amid wɔtamɛlɔn anɛ aphids, fruit flies, nɛ root-knot nematodes. Zin’ig kanɛ ka kuom bɛ hali, wiim tɔ’ɔe li nɛ wan wʋʋ powdery mildew nɛ mosaic virus.<ref>Brickell, Christopher, ed. (1992). ''The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening'' (Print). London: Dorling Kindersley. p. 333. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-86318-979-1|978-0-86318-979-1]]</bdi>.</ref> BA kuod si’eba bɛ Japan nɛ ya’nya’aŋ ka fusarium wilt wiim la da tɔ’ɔe ba. Ba tɔmisid ban nɛ banɛ tɔ’ɔe wiim ye li nyaŋi gu’ ba.<ref name=":1" /> Lugir kanɛ gɔsid kuob nɛ gʋ’ʋl yela ka ba buoni ba US Department of Agriculture da pa’al ye fʋ ya’a mɔr siinsi dɔɔg eka wʋsa pʋʋgin (4,000 m² wʋsa ka siins bɛ) li na sʋŋ puum maalig, ka ba nyaŋi paam bi’elim la bʋd bɛdigʋ. Banɛ pʋ mɔr biili la maan puum linɛ kʋ nyaŋi wal ka biili bɛɛ. Lin ka li sʋ’ʋm ye bʋnlinɛ na di puum la tɔlis ka ba nyaŋi tɔ’ɔŋ taaba wal ka biili bɛ. Si’el ya’a kae anina na zi puum di puum la gɛndig taaba, wala la tita’am ku mɔr biili li pʋʋginɛ, ala ka li nar ye siins dɔɔg la an wan wʋʋ atan’ eka wʋsa pʋʋgin (1,300 m² wʋsa ka siins bɛ). Wɔtamɛlɔn nɔkid dabisa bɛdigʋ ka nyaan maan gaadi ba mɛlɔn taaba banɛ nɔkid dabisa pisnii nɛ nu bɛɛ li gaad ala lin yi bʋdib bɛɛ sɛɛb saŋa ti paae li bi’igir saŋa.<ref>[http://vegetables.wsu.edu/WatermelonPhotos.html "Watermelon Variety Descriptions"]. [[:en:Washington_State_University|Washington State University]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065530/http://vegetables.wsu.edu/WatermelonPhotos.html Archived] from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.</ref> Puum la ya’a kae kɛt ka wɔtamɛlɔn mɔr "sʋsʋnf vɔn’ɔr" ka li kɛt ka vɔɔnr bɛ bʋʋlim la tɛnsʋk, saŋsi’eba li ɛɛti bʋ’ak nɛ zinzɛma. Wɔtamɛlɔn banɛ ka vɔɔnr nwa’ bɛ ba pʋʋgin pʋ mɔr daamʋg nɛ ninsaali na dii lii.<ref>Johnson, Gordon C.; Ernest, Emmalea Garver (September 2011). ''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267277292 Conditions Influencing Hollow Heart Disorder in Triploid Watermelon]''. ASHS Annual Conference.</ref><ref>Thomas, Adam (18 June 2015). [http://www1.udel.edu/udaily/2015/jun/watermelons-061815.html "Saving watermelons"]. University of Delaware. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200629053748/http://www1.udel.edu/udaily/2015/jun/watermelons-061815.html Archived] from the original on 29 June 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2020.</ref> Kpaadib banɛ bɛ Zentsuji region linɛ bɛ Japan sʋ’ʋlim la da nyɛ suokanɛ ka ba na bʋd wɔtamɛlɔn banɛ an ma’ad ka li anɛ ba kɛ ka wal la lu kʋnt nɛ gilas bɔx nam pʋʋgin ka li kɛ ka ba nɔbigi an mak wan wʋʋ bɔx la.<ref name=":3">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/1390088.stm "Square fruit stuns Japanese shoppers"]. BBC News. 15 June 2001. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170621172608/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/1390088.stm Archived] from the original on 21 June 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2005.</ref> Ba da kuodi ba ma’adma’adi ye ba kɛ ka li sʋ’ab an na’ana’a, amaa "wɔtamɛlɔn ma’ad bama” ligidi da paad bʋngbila la ligidi abʋtan’, ka li da kɛ ka banɛ mɔr ligidi bɛ tɛnpʋʋsin la da’ad.<ref name=":3" /> Ba maal wɔtamɛlɔn fuoma, ban bɔɔd ye li an mak si’em wʋsa ba na nyaŋi maal o.<ref>[https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/2JNSpMhJLvg "Square watermelons Japan. English version"]. 6 November 2013. Archived from [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2JNSpMhJLvg the original] on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 3 August 2014 – via YouTube.</ref> Wɔtamɛlɔn banɛ ka ba buon ''tsamma'' ka li bɛ Khoisan language nɛ ''makataan'' bɛ Tswana buudi pian’ad ni la, anɛ banɛ mɔr kuom hali bɛ South Africa, Kalahari Desert, nɛ East Africa tisid nidib nɛ bʋnkɔnbid wʋsa.<ref>K, Lim T. (30 January 2012). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4MDEqFGeKVoC&pg=PA180 Edible Medicinal And Non-Medicinal Plants: Volume 2, Fruits]''. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 180–181. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-94-007-1764-0|978-94-007-1764-0]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230313192621/https://books.google.com/books?id=4MDEqFGeKVoC&pg=PA180 Archived] from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2022.</ref> == Ba maalig == Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi ni (2020), dunia wʋsa wɔtamɛlɔn da anɛ 101.6 million tonnes, ka China (mainland) tɛŋin mɔr pisyuobʋ kɔbiga pʋʋgin (60%) dunia wʋsa din la (60.1 million tonnes).<ref name=":0" /> Banɛ da dɔl nya’aŋ ka li maali ba tɛŋin sʋ’ʋŋa anɛ Turkey, India, Iran, Algeria nɛ Brazil – ba wʋsa yʋʋm la pʋʋgin wɔtamɛlɔn da maal paae 2–3 million tonnes yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi ni (2020).<ref name=":0" /> {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" |'''Wɔtamɛlɔn maalig, yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi''' '''(millions of tonnes)''' |- | China |60.1 |- | Turkey |3.49 |- | India |2.79 |- | Iran |2.74 |- | Algeria |2.29 |- | Brazil |2.18 |- |dunia |'''101.6''' |- | colspan="2" |Nwa’ yi ya: FAOSTAT linɛ bɛ United Nations<ref name=":0" /> |} ==Footonam== <gallery widths="200px" heights="200px"> File:Watermelon cubes BNC.jpg|Watermelon cubes File:Melonen-stapel.jpg|Watermelons with dark green rind, India File:Watermelon flower measurement.jpg|Watermelon flowers File:Water melon leave.jpg|Watermelon leaf File:Male and female watermelon 1458.JPG|Flower stems of male and female watermelon blossoms, showing [[Ovary (plants)|ovary]] on the female File:Water melon flower and stem.jpg|Watermelon plant close-up File:WatermelonBaller.JPG|[[Melon ball|Watermelon baller]] File:Citrullus lanatus.jpg|Watermelon with yellow flesh File:It weighed 15 lb 13 oz.jpg|'Moon and stars' watermelon cultivar File:Kustodiev Merchants Wife.jpg|Watermelon and other fruit in [[Boris Kustodiev]]'s ''Merchant's Wife'' File:Watermelon for sale.jpg|Watermelon for sale File:Watermelon out for sale.jpg|Watermelon out for sale in Maa Kochilei Market, Rasulgarh, [[Odisha]], India File:Watermelon grown in Buryatia, Siberia.jpg|Watermelon grown in Buryatia, Siberia File:Watermelon12.jpg|Watermelon rind curry File:Roasted watermelon seeds 2.jpg|Roasted and salted watermelon seeds File:Семечко арбуза.jpg|Watermelon seed under a microscope File:Slices of watermelon.jpg|alt=Watermelon pieces|Watermelon, sliced into pieces File:Sugar Baby watermelon explodes when a small incision is made in its peel.jpg|Very ripe Sugar Baby watermelon, grown in [[Oklahoma]], bursts open when a small incision is made into its rind File:Watermelon yellow 2024 G1.jpg|Watermelon with yellow flesh File:Watermelon_ice_pop1.jpg|[[Ice pop]] </gallery> ==See also== {{portal|Food}} * [[List of fruits]] ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[Category:Diib]] bsvurtp6q36jxagcag8gnnmr9tdsho2 0 1966 14947 14944 2025-06-19T22:41:57Z Frank Awini Abugri 162 I added text and references 14947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3406628}} '''Gabʋ'''/ '''Gɛɛn'''/ '''Alabasa''' Anɛ zɛnma’asa buudi kanɛ ka nidib bɛdigʋ kuodi li. Shallot anɛ na’asaabuulug yinne kanɛ ka ba da gɛligi li ye o anɛ o kɔn hali ti paae 2011. Gabʋ la mabiis la sieba anɛ garlic, scallion, leek nɛ chieves. Ba gbin la mɔr buudi nam kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb ka ba buonɛ ba ye gabʋnam ka kuodi ba mɔri maan diib, ba anɛ Japanese bunching onion Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, nɛ Canada onion Allium canadense la. Yʋ’ʋr mɔɔgin gabʋ la mɔri buon gabʋ buudi bɛdigʋ, amaa cepaanɛ dinɛ bɛ li kɔn ka ti pʋm o bʋdʋbin. Ti pʋ nyaŋi baŋ li pin’ilʋg Gabʋ dinɛ ka Latin dim buon ye (Allium cepa L.Tooltip Carl Linnaeus, from Latin cepa), ka mɛ buon ye gab gbilʋg bɛɛ gabna'ana anɛ tivaand nyɛ'ɛlim kanɛ dit ka nyusid zan'ezan'e. Ka ba kuodi li buudi kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb ka li anɛ Allium gabʋ buudi. Ka gab gbil nyɛ'ɛlim  la  da pɛ'ɛs nɛ gab nyɛ'lima buud sieba ni  hali ti paae yʋʋm 2011.Gabʋ kpin nɛ sieba paa anɛ garlic, scallion, leek, nɛ chives.   Ba wʋsa mɔrnɛ buudi kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb amaa ti yiti ye di anɛ gabʋ nɛ diib banɛ ka kuod wʋʋ Japanese bunching gabʋ nyu'sa wʋʋ  Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, nɛ Canada gabʋ nyu'sa Allium canadense. Mɔɔgʋn gabʋ la anɛ  gab nyu'usa kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb banɛ bɛ. Amaa  A. cepa lɛɛ baŋid nɛ o kuobin. Di anɛ kudimɛn mɔɔgin bʋn sʋŋ  kanɛ yʋ'ʋn ba'a nya'a teŋ sieba.Gabʋ yiti taa anɛ  biennial bɛɛ perennial tivaand amaa gɔsidi ka kuodi li yʋʋm yʋʋm ka vɔɔndi li saŋa kanɛ nar. Gab vaand la niŋgbiŋ si'im anɛ dɛn'ɛm-bʋlʋ ka mɔr vɔn baanlʋg di ni.ka di nyɛ'ɛlim la bɛ di vaan'ʋg la gbinin bɛɛ teŋir. Ba yiti dɛŋ nɛ Waal zɛnbiis la ka yaan vɔn tɔɔm maal paalʋ sʋŋa ka sɛ ba. Ba ya'a ti pin'il nyɛ'ɛb ka nintaŋ nwɛ'ɛd,  fʋ na nyɛ ba gbina la niŋid  bɛda bɛda ka ba teŋir vaand la pin'ili sʋʋgʋd  ka vanpaala busid ti paae nyɛ'ɛb bɛn ka vaand la wʋsa yʋ'ʋn kʋdig. Saŋa kan la fʋ ya'a pʋ vɔn baa bʋnvʋya banɛ sa'amid gabʋ la tʋn'ɔɛ daamɛ ba. Ti mɔr tampɔɔs banɛ samid gabʋ nɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ na tʋn'ɔɛ kɛ ka gabʋ la pʋn'ɔɛ . Gabʋ buudi wʋʋ A.cepa la sieba na tʋn'ɔɛ nyɛ'ɛ gaad gab gbil yinnɛ nwɛnɛ shallot nam nɛ dankal gabʋ la nɛ. Ba kuod ka mɔr gabʋ tum zin'is bɛdigʋ dunia wʋsa ni.Nwɛnɛ din pʋn an' diib bʋn laa, ba tʋn'ɔɛ  nɔki li kansa la sɛ gɛndig diibin wʋʋ zɛnvaand nɛ. Ba mɛ tʋn'ɔɛ nɔki dʋg diib mɛn. Fʋ ya'a waansid bɛɛ sɛɛd , li mɔr zɛɛnsim sia kanɛ na tʋn'ɔɛ kpɛn nini ni. == Buudi nɛ din yi zin'isi'a == Gabʋ tiig la (''Allium cepa''), ka ba buon ye Alabasa<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409114https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409114 "''Allium cepa'' var. ''cepa''"]. ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 10 December 2017.</ref> bɛɛ gɛɛn,<ref name=":4">[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 9–10.</ref> anɛ Allium buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod hali''.''<ref>Eric Block, "Garlic and Other ''Alliums'': The Lore and the Science" (Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010)</ref><ref>Brewster JL (1994). ''Onions and other vegetable'' Alliums (1st ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 16. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85198-753-8|978-0-85198-753-8]]</bdi>.</ref> Carl Linnaeus da pa’al lin an si’em bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisnu nɛ atan’ ni (1753) tʋʋmkanɛ ka o da pʋdi li yʋ’ʋr ye ''Species Plantarum''.<ref>Linnaeus C (1753). ''[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358281 Species Plantarum]'' (in Latin). Vol. 1. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 262. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180616061629/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358281 Archived] from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.</ref> Li wannim si’eba pin’ilig sa anɛ:<ref name=":5">[[:en:Natural_Resources_Conservation_Servicev|NRCS]]. [https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ALCE "''Allium cepa''"]. ''PLANTS Database''. [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]] (USDA). Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><ref name=":6">[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42720 "''Allium cepa'' L."] [[:en:Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]. Retrieved 1 April 2013.</ref> ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'' – G. Don ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''bulbiferum'' – Regel ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''cepa'' – Linnaeus ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''multiplicans'' – L.H. Bailey ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''proliferum'' – (Moench) Regel ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''solaninum'' – Alef ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''viviparum'' – (Metz) Mansf.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> ''A. cepa'' anɛ buudkanɛ ka ba kuod,<ref>McNeal DW Jr, Jacobsen TD (2002). [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027457http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027457 "''Allium cepa''"]. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). ''[http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)]''. Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, [[:en:Missouri_Botanical_Gardenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden|Missouri Botanical Garden]], St. Louis, MO & [[:en:Harvard_University_Herbaria|Harvard University Herbaria]], Cambridge, MA.</ref> amaa ba mɔɔgin bʋnam bɛ Central Asia nɛ Iran. Buudkanɛ wan paa anɛ ''A. vavilovii'' linɛ bɛ Turkmenistan nɛ ''A. asarense'' linɛ bɛ Iran.<ref>Grubben, G.J.H.; Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.</ref><ref>Zohary D, Hopf M (2000). ''Domestication of plants in the Old World'' (Third ed.). Oxford: [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]]. p. 198. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-850357-6|978-0-19-850357-6]]</bdi>.</ref> Buudi kanɛ an ''Allium'' la ni ka gabʋ buudi la bɛ ka ba kuodi maan diib, wan wʋʋ Japanese gabʋ (''A. fistulosum''), Egyptian gabʋ (''A.  × proliferum''), nɛ Canada gabʋ (''A. canadense'').<ref name=":4" /> Buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod ka ''A. cepa'' paas nɛ gabʋ buudi ni (''A. cepa'' var. ''cepa'') ka ba buon giŋa ye gɛɛn. Aggregatum buudi banɛ ka ba kuod (''A. cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'') si’eba anɛ shallots,<ref name=":7">[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 20–21</ref> ba da la’asid din buudi nɛ di kɔn’,<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=2244 "''Allium cepa''"]. ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 20 August 2010.</ref><ref>[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], p. 21.</ref> nɛ potato onions.<ref name=":7" /> Buud banɛ wan si’eba anɛ garlic, leek, nɛ chives.<ref>Block E (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85404-190-9|978-0-85404-190-9]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801202704/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Archived] from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref> ''Cepa'' anɛ yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba tis "gabʋ"; di buudi yʋ’ʋri an ''Allium'' ka linɛ an Latin yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba tis garlic.<ref>[https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282056https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282056 "Allium cepa - Plant Finder"]. ''www.missouribotanicalgarden.org''. Retrieved 6 October 2024.</ref> di wan Spanish: ''cebolla'', Italian: ''cipolla'', Polish: ''cebula'', nɛ German ''Zwiebel'' (kisig san’am nwa’). Na’asaal buudi pian’ad "chive" yinɛ Old French ''chive'', ka lin mɛ yi ''cepa''.<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/onion "chive (n.)"]. ''Online Etymological Dictionary''. Retrieved 8 October 2024.</ref> == Pa’alʋg == Gabʋ la anɛ yʋma ayi bumbʋtir amaa ba kuod o nɛ yʋʋm-yʋʋm. zʋmaʋŋ kaŋa gabʋ la nat tun’e nɔbʋg wa’alim wʋʋ 15 to 45 cm (6 to 18 in). ba viand la anɛ dɛn’ɛnɛ sɔbʋg ka  li lua yinne anɛ lammir ka li an baanlif-wɔkʋ ka gbirib bi’el-bi’el ka li pʋʋgin la mɔr vɔɔsim ka vaang wʋsa gɔl l pʋlʋm. vaang wʋsa teŋir la tɔ’ɔŋod nɛ til la anɛ lammiri pielli ka ɛɛnti nɔbigidi naamid bul la pʋʋgʋ yit na. til la teŋir la s aka nya’a la busidi ba’ad teŋin. Gabʋ la nɔbigid la wʋsa ka viand la ku’om la siligidi la’asid gbinin la ka gbin la nɔbid liebid buntita’ar.<ref name=":0">Brickell C, ed. (1992). ''The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening''. Dorling Kindersley. p. 345. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-86318-979-1|<bdi>978-0-86318-979-1</bdi>.]]</ref> Li na ti paae saŋa sia, ka vaand la wʋsa na pin’ili kpiid yinne-yinne ka gbin la mɛŋ agɔl pa’ad la kʋdʋg ka pin’ili pigisid, fʋ na nyɛ ka ba  vɔɔn ba. Ba ya’a basi ba titanin la ti paae waad saŋa, fʋ na nyɛ ka nyɛ’ɛlimnam la pin’ili tɔɔnd zut yitna wɔkʋ ka vanpaala pin’ili yit kʋkpɛŋ na. zut la na nɔbigi agɔl ka mɔr paanrʋŋ ka li ligil zut la mɛŋ. Zut la ɛnti anɛ gbila-gbila ka pidig puum an piela-piela. Li ya’a wɛl, li biili la anɛanwa ma’ad-ma’adi gbila-gbila.<ref name=":0" /> gabʋ nyɛ’ɛlim bɛdim anɛ wʋʋ 5.5.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121224184605/http://www.foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf Approximate pH Values of Common Foods and Ingredients]" (PDF). ''Wisconsin Food Safety and Health''. Archived from [https://foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref>     <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180> File:ARS red onion.jpg|Roots, leaves and developing bulb File:Onion Flower Bangladesh.jpg|Inflorescence with flower buds File:Onion seed.jpg|Seeds </gallery>Nya’a, vaand nɛ nyɛ’ɛlim kanɛ nan pu gʋn’ʋ == Labakʋda == [[File:An onion, woodcut, 1547 Wellcome L0029214.jpg|thumb|upright|Medieval woodcut print of an onion, from ''[[Hortus Sanitatis]]'' (1547)]] Ninsaalibi baŋ ka gaŋ gabʋ pin’ili kuodi li wʋʋ yʋma 7,000 nwa.<ref>Anastassakis K (2022). "[https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54 Allium Cepa (Red Onion])". ''Androgenetic Alopecia From A to Z''. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 465–469. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54|10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-031-08056-2|<bdi>978-3-031-08056-2</bdi>.]] Retrieved 6 June 2024.</ref> Sɔ pʋ maligim baŋ gabʋ pin’il zin’isia na vikkii. Kʋdʋmin sa labaya pa’al ye gabʋ diib da naamnɛ eastern nɛ western Asia na.<ref name=":1">Cumo C (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WqfACQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 Onion. In: Foods that Changed History: How Foods Shaped Civilization from the Ancient World to the Present]''. ABC-CLIO LLC (American Bibliographic Center, CLIO Press). pp. 248–250. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781440835377|9781440835377]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210204030543/https://books.google.com/books?id=WqfACQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 Archived] from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref><ref name=":2">Ansari NA (2007). "[http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0712/MERJPSB_1(1&2)/MERJPSB_1(2)26-38o.pdf Onion Cultivation and Production in Iran]" (PDF). ''Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology''. '''1''' (2): 26–38. [http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0712/MERJPSB_1(1&2)/MERJPSB_1(2)26-38o.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2022 – via Global Science Books. <q>Onion originated in Iran and its neighboring countries (Hanelt 1990).</q></ref> Li bʋdʋb la da na pin’ilnɛ yi West bɛɛ Central Asia.<ref>[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 20–21.</ref><ref name=":3">"[https://www.onions-usa.org/all-about-onions/history-of-onions History of onions]". US National Onion Association, Greeley, CO. 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170624120840/https://www.onions-usa.org/all-about-onions/history-of-onions Archived] from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref> Ba pa’al zin’is babʋga ka li anɛ ye gabʋ yinɛ Iran, western Pakistan nɛ western Asia na.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>Block E (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC ''Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science''.] Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 5–6. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780854041909|9780854041909]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801202704/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Archived] from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref> gabʋ buudkanɛ ka ba buon ye allium fistulosum nɛ Allium tubarosum la, ba pin’ili di kuob bɛ China nɛ zʋʋd sieba wʋʋ zɛnma’asa, bielim nɛ tiwɛla nɛ 6,000 BC.<ref>Veeck G, Pannell CW (2021). "9. Agriculture: From Antiquity to Revolution to Reform. Early Farming Traditions". ''China's Geography'' (4th ed.). Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 235. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[9781538140796]]</bdi>.</ref> Recipes sieba da mɔr gabט tטm nɛ ''Allium'' species la da anɛ dinɛ ka ba da nyɛ li bɛ cuneiform sɔb ni ka ba sɔbi li niŋ dinɛ ka ba nɔk ya'adi ya'abi li bɛ yטטm-pט-kטdigin Mesopotamia, yטטm tusa ayi 2000 BC la ni. ya'ad dinɛ li da sɔbi niŋi di pטטgin la da bɛni sakur tita'ar kani ka ba buon yee Yale University's Babylonian collection.<ref name=":8">"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-30549150 Three cheers for the onion]". [[:en:BBC|BBC]]. 4 January 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2024.</ref> Assyriologist la nɛ "gourmet cook"<ref name=":8" /> Jean Bottero yɛl "a cuisine of striking richness, refinement, sophistication and artistry".<ref name=":8" /> Yטטm-pט-kטdigin Ancient Egyptians la da na'as gabט tɛŋsטg diib la ka ye li anɛ zanbin kanɛ pa'al nyɔvטr kanɛ kaae naare.<ref name=":3" /> Egyptian dim la da la'am mɔr gabט mumi ba kum ban da di kaseta ye ba nyɛ ka gabט la Ramesses IV nifin.<ref>Abdel-Maksouda, Gomaa, El-Aminb, Abdel-Rahman (2011). "[http://www.maajournal.com/Issues/2011/pdf/Maksoud.pdf A review on the materials used during the mummification process in ancient Egypt]" (PDF). ''Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry''. '''11''' (2): 129–150. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140308070536/http://www.maajournal.com/Issues/2011/pdf/Maksoud.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2013.</ref> Pliny kanɛ da an yiiga kpɛɛm bɛ first century AD la da sɔbi pa'al gabט nɛ cabbage tטטma an siem bɛ Pompeii. ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[Category:Zɛɛnd]] nm0vuncy44tcdlpi1p201nylgt6qyyi 14949 14947 2025-06-20T09:08:17Z Frank Awini Abugri 162 I added text and a reference 14949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3406628}} '''Gabʋ'''/ '''Gɛɛn'''/ '''Alabasa''' Anɛ zɛnma’asa buudi kanɛ ka nidib bɛdigʋ kuodi li. Shallot anɛ na’asaabuulug yinne kanɛ ka ba da gɛligi li ye o anɛ o kɔn hali ti paae 2011. Gabʋ la mabiis la sieba anɛ garlic, scallion, leek nɛ chieves. Ba gbin la mɔr buudi nam kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb ka ba buonɛ ba ye gabʋnam ka kuodi ba mɔri maan diib, ba anɛ Japanese bunching onion Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, nɛ Canada onion Allium canadense la. Yʋ’ʋr mɔɔgin gabʋ la mɔri buon gabʋ buudi bɛdigʋ, amaa cepaanɛ dinɛ bɛ li kɔn ka ti pʋm o bʋdʋbin. Ti pʋ nyaŋi baŋ li pin’ilʋg Gabʋ dinɛ ka Latin dim buon ye (Allium cepa L.Tooltip Carl Linnaeus, from Latin cepa), ka mɛ buon ye gab gbilʋg bɛɛ gabna'ana anɛ tivaand nyɛ'ɛlim kanɛ dit ka nyusid zan'ezan'e. Ka ba kuodi li buudi kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb ka li anɛ Allium gabʋ buudi. Ka gab gbil nyɛ'ɛlim  la  da pɛ'ɛs nɛ gab nyɛ'lima buud sieba ni  hali ti paae yʋʋm 2011.Gabʋ kpin nɛ sieba paa anɛ garlic, scallion, leek, nɛ chives.   Ba wʋsa mɔrnɛ buudi kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb amaa ti yiti ye di anɛ gabʋ nɛ diib banɛ ka kuod wʋʋ Japanese bunching gabʋ nyu'sa wʋʋ  Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, nɛ Canada gabʋ nyu'sa Allium canadense. Mɔɔgʋn gabʋ la anɛ  gab nyu'usa kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb banɛ bɛ. Amaa  A. cepa lɛɛ baŋid nɛ o kuobin. Di anɛ kudimɛn mɔɔgin bʋn sʋŋ  kanɛ yʋ'ʋn ba'a nya'a teŋ sieba.Gabʋ yiti taa anɛ  biennial bɛɛ perennial tivaand amaa gɔsidi ka kuodi li yʋʋm yʋʋm ka vɔɔndi li saŋa kanɛ nar. Gab vaand la niŋgbiŋ si'im anɛ dɛn'ɛm-bʋlʋ ka mɔr vɔn baanlʋg di ni.ka di nyɛ'ɛlim la bɛ di vaan'ʋg la gbinin bɛɛ teŋir. Ba yiti dɛŋ nɛ Waal zɛnbiis la ka yaan vɔn tɔɔm maal paalʋ sʋŋa ka sɛ ba. Ba ya'a ti pin'il nyɛ'ɛb ka nintaŋ nwɛ'ɛd,  fʋ na nyɛ ba gbina la niŋid  bɛda bɛda ka ba teŋir vaand la pin'ili sʋʋgʋd  ka vanpaala busid ti paae nyɛ'ɛb bɛn ka vaand la wʋsa yʋ'ʋn kʋdig. Saŋa kan la fʋ ya'a pʋ vɔn baa bʋnvʋya banɛ sa'amid gabʋ la tʋn'ɔɛ daamɛ ba. Ti mɔr tampɔɔs banɛ samid gabʋ nɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ na tʋn'ɔɛ kɛ ka gabʋ la pʋn'ɔɛ . Gabʋ buudi wʋʋ A.cepa la sieba na tʋn'ɔɛ nyɛ'ɛ gaad gab gbil yinnɛ nwɛnɛ shallot nam nɛ dankal gabʋ la nɛ. Ba kuod ka mɔr gabʋ tum zin'is bɛdigʋ dunia wʋsa ni.Nwɛnɛ din pʋn an' diib bʋn laa, ba tʋn'ɔɛ  nɔki li kansa la sɛ gɛndig diibin wʋʋ zɛnvaand nɛ. Ba mɛ tʋn'ɔɛ nɔki dʋg diib mɛn. Fʋ ya'a waansid bɛɛ sɛɛd , li mɔr zɛɛnsim sia kanɛ na tʋn'ɔɛ kpɛn nini ni. == Buudi nɛ din yi zin'isi'a == Gabʋ tiig la (''Allium cepa''), ka ba buon ye Alabasa<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409114https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409114 "''Allium cepa'' var. ''cepa''"]. ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 10 December 2017.</ref> bɛɛ gɛɛn,<ref name=":4">[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 9–10.</ref> anɛ Allium buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod hali''.''<ref>Eric Block, "Garlic and Other ''Alliums'': The Lore and the Science" (Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010)</ref><ref>Brewster JL (1994). ''Onions and other vegetable'' Alliums (1st ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 16. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85198-753-8|978-0-85198-753-8]]</bdi>.</ref> Carl Linnaeus da pa’al lin an si’em bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisnu nɛ atan’ ni (1753) tʋʋmkanɛ ka o da pʋdi li yʋ’ʋr ye ''Species Plantarum''.<ref>Linnaeus C (1753). ''[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358281 Species Plantarum]'' (in Latin). Vol. 1. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 262. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180616061629/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358281 Archived] from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.</ref> Li wannim si’eba pin’ilig sa anɛ:<ref name=":5">[[:en:Natural_Resources_Conservation_Servicev|NRCS]]. [https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ALCE "''Allium cepa''"]. ''PLANTS Database''. [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]] (USDA). Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><ref name=":6">[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42720 "''Allium cepa'' L."] [[:en:Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]. Retrieved 1 April 2013.</ref> ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'' – G. Don ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''bulbiferum'' – Regel ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''cepa'' – Linnaeus ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''multiplicans'' – L.H. Bailey ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''proliferum'' – (Moench) Regel ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''solaninum'' – Alef ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''viviparum'' – (Metz) Mansf.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> ''A. cepa'' anɛ buudkanɛ ka ba kuod,<ref>McNeal DW Jr, Jacobsen TD (2002). [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027457http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027457 "''Allium cepa''"]. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). ''[http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)]''. Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, [[:en:Missouri_Botanical_Gardenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden|Missouri Botanical Garden]], St. Louis, MO & [[:en:Harvard_University_Herbaria|Harvard University Herbaria]], Cambridge, MA.</ref> amaa ba mɔɔgin bʋnam bɛ Central Asia nɛ Iran. Buudkanɛ wan paa anɛ ''A. vavilovii'' linɛ bɛ Turkmenistan nɛ ''A. asarense'' linɛ bɛ Iran.<ref>Grubben, G.J.H.; Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.</ref><ref>Zohary D, Hopf M (2000). ''Domestication of plants in the Old World'' (Third ed.). Oxford: [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]]. p. 198. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-850357-6|978-0-19-850357-6]]</bdi>.</ref> Buudi kanɛ an ''Allium'' la ni ka gabʋ buudi la bɛ ka ba kuodi maan diib, wan wʋʋ Japanese gabʋ (''A. fistulosum''), Egyptian gabʋ (''A.  × proliferum''), nɛ Canada gabʋ (''A. canadense'').<ref name=":4" /> Buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod ka ''A. cepa'' paas nɛ gabʋ buudi ni (''A. cepa'' var. ''cepa'') ka ba buon giŋa ye gɛɛn. Aggregatum buudi banɛ ka ba kuod (''A. cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'') si’eba anɛ shallots,<ref name=":7">[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 20–21</ref> ba da la’asid din buudi nɛ di kɔn’,<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=2244 "''Allium cepa''"]. ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 20 August 2010.</ref><ref>[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], p. 21.</ref> nɛ potato onions.<ref name=":7" /> Buud banɛ wan si’eba anɛ garlic, leek, nɛ chives.<ref>Block E (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85404-190-9|978-0-85404-190-9]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801202704/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Archived] from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref> ''Cepa'' anɛ yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba tis "gabʋ"; di buudi yʋ’ʋri an ''Allium'' ka linɛ an Latin yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba tis garlic.<ref>[https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282056https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282056 "Allium cepa - Plant Finder"]. ''www.missouribotanicalgarden.org''. Retrieved 6 October 2024.</ref> di wan Spanish: ''cebolla'', Italian: ''cipolla'', Polish: ''cebula'', nɛ German ''Zwiebel'' (kisig san’am nwa’). Na’asaal buudi pian’ad "chive" yinɛ Old French ''chive'', ka lin mɛ yi ''cepa''.<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/onion "chive (n.)"]. ''Online Etymological Dictionary''. Retrieved 8 October 2024.</ref> == Pa’alʋg == Gabʋ la anɛ yʋma ayi bumbʋtir amaa ba kuod o nɛ yʋʋm-yʋʋm. zʋmaʋŋ kaŋa gabʋ la nat tun’e nɔbʋg wa’alim wʋʋ 15 to 45 cm (6 to 18 in). ba viand la anɛ dɛn’ɛnɛ sɔbʋg ka  li lua yinne anɛ lammir ka li an baanlif-wɔkʋ ka gbirib bi’el-bi’el ka li pʋʋgin la mɔr vɔɔsim ka vaang wʋsa gɔl l pʋlʋm. vaang wʋsa teŋir la tɔ’ɔŋod nɛ til la anɛ lammiri pielli ka ɛɛnti nɔbigidi naamid bul la pʋʋgʋ yit na. til la teŋir la s aka nya’a la busidi ba’ad teŋin. Gabʋ la nɔbigid la wʋsa ka viand la ku’om la siligidi la’asid gbinin la ka gbin la nɔbid liebid buntita’ar.<ref name=":0">Brickell C, ed. (1992). ''The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening''. Dorling Kindersley. p. 345. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-86318-979-1|<bdi>978-0-86318-979-1</bdi>.]]</ref> Li na ti paae saŋa sia, ka vaand la wʋsa na pin’ili kpiid yinne-yinne ka gbin la mɛŋ agɔl pa’ad la kʋdʋg ka pin’ili pigisid, fʋ na nyɛ ka ba  vɔɔn ba. Ba ya’a basi ba titanin la ti paae waad saŋa, fʋ na nyɛ ka nyɛ’ɛlimnam la pin’ili tɔɔnd zut yitna wɔkʋ ka vanpaala pin’ili yit kʋkpɛŋ na. zut la na nɔbigi agɔl ka mɔr paanrʋŋ ka li ligil zut la mɛŋ. Zut la ɛnti anɛ gbila-gbila ka pidig puum an piela-piela. Li ya’a wɛl, li biili la anɛanwa ma’ad-ma’adi gbila-gbila.<ref name=":0" /> gabʋ nyɛ’ɛlim bɛdim anɛ wʋʋ 5.5.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121224184605/http://www.foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf Approximate pH Values of Common Foods and Ingredients]" (PDF). ''Wisconsin Food Safety and Health''. Archived from [https://foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref>     <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180> File:ARS red onion.jpg|Roots, leaves and developing bulb File:Onion Flower Bangladesh.jpg|Inflorescence with flower buds File:Onion seed.jpg|Seeds </gallery>Nya’a, vaand nɛ nyɛ’ɛlim kanɛ nan pu gʋn’ʋ == Labakʋda == [[File:An onion, woodcut, 1547 Wellcome L0029214.jpg|thumb|upright|Medieval woodcut print of an onion, from ''[[Hortus Sanitatis]]'' (1547)]] Ninsaalibi baŋ ka gaŋ gabʋ pin’ili kuodi li wʋʋ yʋma 7,000 nwa.<ref>Anastassakis K (2022). "[https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54 Allium Cepa (Red Onion])". ''Androgenetic Alopecia From A to Z''. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 465–469. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54|10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-031-08056-2|<bdi>978-3-031-08056-2</bdi>.]] Retrieved 6 June 2024.</ref> Sɔ pʋ maligim baŋ gabʋ pin’il zin’isia na vikkii. Kʋdʋmin sa labaya pa’al ye gabʋ diib da naamnɛ eastern nɛ western Asia na.<ref name=":1">Cumo C (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WqfACQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 Onion. In: Foods that Changed History: How Foods Shaped Civilization from the Ancient World to the Present]''. ABC-CLIO LLC (American Bibliographic Center, CLIO Press). pp. 248–250. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781440835377|9781440835377]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210204030543/https://books.google.com/books?id=WqfACQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 Archived] from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref><ref name=":2">Ansari NA (2007). "[http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0712/MERJPSB_1(1&2)/MERJPSB_1(2)26-38o.pdf Onion Cultivation and Production in Iran]" (PDF). ''Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology''. '''1''' (2): 26–38. [http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0712/MERJPSB_1(1&2)/MERJPSB_1(2)26-38o.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2022 – via Global Science Books. <q>Onion originated in Iran and its neighboring countries (Hanelt 1990).</q></ref> Li bʋdʋb la da na pin’ilnɛ yi West bɛɛ Central Asia.<ref>[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 20–21.</ref><ref name=":3">"[https://www.onions-usa.org/all-about-onions/history-of-onions History of onions]". US National Onion Association, Greeley, CO. 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170624120840/https://www.onions-usa.org/all-about-onions/history-of-onions Archived] from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref> Ba pa’al zin’is babʋga ka li anɛ ye gabʋ yinɛ Iran, western Pakistan nɛ western Asia na.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>Block E (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC ''Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science''.] Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 5–6. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780854041909|9780854041909]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801202704/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Archived] from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref> gabʋ buudkanɛ ka ba buon ye allium fistulosum nɛ Allium tubarosum la, ba pin’ili di kuob bɛ China nɛ zʋʋd sieba wʋʋ zɛnma’asa, bielim nɛ tiwɛla nɛ 6,000 BC.<ref>Veeck G, Pannell CW (2021). "9. Agriculture: From Antiquity to Revolution to Reform. Early Farming Traditions". ''China's Geography'' (4th ed.). Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 235. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[9781538140796]]</bdi>.</ref> Recipes sieba da mɔr gabט tטm nɛ ''Allium'' species la da anɛ dinɛ ka ba da nyɛ li bɛ cuneiform sɔb ni ka ba sɔbi li niŋ dinɛ ka ba nɔk ya'adi ya'abi li bɛ yטטm-pט-kטdigin Mesopotamia, yטטm tusa ayi 2000 BC la ni. ya'ad dinɛ li da sɔbi niŋi di pטטgin la da bɛni sakur tita'ar kani ka ba buon yee Yale University's Babylonian collection.<ref name=":8">"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-30549150 Three cheers for the onion]". [[:en:BBC|BBC]]. 4 January 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2024.</ref> Assyriologist la nɛ "gourmet cook"<ref name=":8" /> Jean Bottero yɛl "a cuisine of striking richness, refinement, sophistication and artistry".<ref name=":8" /> Yטטm-pט-kטdigin Ancient Egyptians la da na'as gabט tɛŋsטg diib la ka ye li anɛ zanbin kanɛ pa'al nyɔvטr kanɛ kaae naare.<ref name=":3" /> Egyptian dim la da la'am mɔr gabט mumi ba kum ban da di kaseta ye ba nyɛ ka gabט la Ramesses IV nifin.<ref>Abdel-Maksouda, Gomaa, El-Aminb, Abdel-Rahman (2011). "[http://www.maajournal.com/Issues/2011/pdf/Maksoud.pdf A review on the materials used during the mummification process in ancient Egypt]" (PDF). ''Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry''. '''11''' (2): 129–150. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140308070536/http://www.maajournal.com/Issues/2011/pdf/Maksoud.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2013.</ref> Pliny kanɛ da an yiiga kpɛɛm bɛ first century AD la da sɔbi pa'al gabט nɛ cabbage tטטma an siem bɛ Pompeii. O da sɔbi pa'al Roman dimi tis gabט sida siem ye li mɔri ti'ebid nini wiim, ka mɛ lɛm sטŋid gbɛɛm, nɛ dinɛ wטsa anɛ nɔɔrin fɛn'ɛd nɛ baa na dטm sɔ', lumbago, nɛ hali la'am nɛ dysentery. chaeologists vɛɛnsid Pompeii saŋa bɛdigט its 79 AD volcanic burial la ya'aŋ ba da nyɛ labטn'ɔg nwɛnɛ Pliny da pa'al siem la tituaa. Amaa fט labaar kanɛ ka ba da paam da fifth/sixth century AD bɛ authorial aegis of "Apicius" saŋa la (yɛl ye di anɛ gourmet) roman dim la da mɔr gabט nam la ba diib namin saŋa bɛdigט ni.<ref name=":3" /> ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[Category:Zɛɛnd]] a98l9g3r515kg85jfnth8mu6fj8wlnz 14950 14949 2025-06-20T09:23:30Z Frank Awini Abugri 162 I added text 14950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3406628}} '''Gabʋ'''/ '''Gɛɛn'''/ '''Alabasa''' Anɛ zɛnma’asa buudi kanɛ ka nidib bɛdigʋ kuodi li. Shallot anɛ na’asaabuulug yinne kanɛ ka ba da gɛligi li ye o anɛ o kɔn hali ti paae 2011. Gabʋ la mabiis la sieba anɛ garlic, scallion, leek nɛ chieves. Ba gbin la mɔr buudi nam kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb ka ba buonɛ ba ye gabʋnam ka kuodi ba mɔri maan diib, ba anɛ Japanese bunching onion Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, nɛ Canada onion Allium canadense la. Yʋ’ʋr mɔɔgin gabʋ la mɔri buon gabʋ buudi bɛdigʋ, amaa cepaanɛ dinɛ bɛ li kɔn ka ti pʋm o bʋdʋbin. Ti pʋ nyaŋi baŋ li pin’ilʋg Gabʋ dinɛ ka Latin dim buon ye (Allium cepa L.Tooltip Carl Linnaeus, from Latin cepa), ka mɛ buon ye gab gbilʋg bɛɛ gabna'ana anɛ tivaand nyɛ'ɛlim kanɛ dit ka nyusid zan'ezan'e. Ka ba kuodi li buudi kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb ka li anɛ Allium gabʋ buudi. Ka gab gbil nyɛ'ɛlim  la  da pɛ'ɛs nɛ gab nyɛ'lima buud sieba ni  hali ti paae yʋʋm 2011.Gabʋ kpin nɛ sieba paa anɛ garlic, scallion, leek, nɛ chives.   Ba wʋsa mɔrnɛ buudi kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb amaa ti yiti ye di anɛ gabʋ nɛ diib banɛ ka kuod wʋʋ Japanese bunching gabʋ nyu'sa wʋʋ  Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, nɛ Canada gabʋ nyu'sa Allium canadense. Mɔɔgʋn gabʋ la anɛ  gab nyu'usa kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb banɛ bɛ. Amaa  A. cepa lɛɛ baŋid nɛ o kuobin. Di anɛ kudimɛn mɔɔgin bʋn sʋŋ  kanɛ yʋ'ʋn ba'a nya'a teŋ sieba.Gabʋ yiti taa anɛ  biennial bɛɛ perennial tivaand amaa gɔsidi ka kuodi li yʋʋm yʋʋm ka vɔɔndi li saŋa kanɛ nar. Gab vaand la niŋgbiŋ si'im anɛ dɛn'ɛm-bʋlʋ ka mɔr vɔn baanlʋg di ni.ka di nyɛ'ɛlim la bɛ di vaan'ʋg la gbinin bɛɛ teŋir. Ba yiti dɛŋ nɛ Waal zɛnbiis la ka yaan vɔn tɔɔm maal paalʋ sʋŋa ka sɛ ba. Ba ya'a ti pin'il nyɛ'ɛb ka nintaŋ nwɛ'ɛd,  fʋ na nyɛ ba gbina la niŋid  bɛda bɛda ka ba teŋir vaand la pin'ili sʋʋgʋd  ka vanpaala busid ti paae nyɛ'ɛb bɛn ka vaand la wʋsa yʋ'ʋn kʋdig. Saŋa kan la fʋ ya'a pʋ vɔn baa bʋnvʋya banɛ sa'amid gabʋ la tʋn'ɔɛ daamɛ ba. Ti mɔr tampɔɔs banɛ samid gabʋ nɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ na tʋn'ɔɛ kɛ ka gabʋ la pʋn'ɔɛ . Gabʋ buudi wʋʋ A.cepa la sieba na tʋn'ɔɛ nyɛ'ɛ gaad gab gbil yinnɛ nwɛnɛ shallot nam nɛ dankal gabʋ la nɛ. Ba kuod ka mɔr gabʋ tum zin'is bɛdigʋ dunia wʋsa ni.Nwɛnɛ din pʋn an' diib bʋn laa, ba tʋn'ɔɛ  nɔki li kansa la sɛ gɛndig diibin wʋʋ zɛnvaand nɛ. Ba mɛ tʋn'ɔɛ nɔki dʋg diib mɛn. Fʋ ya'a waansid bɛɛ sɛɛd , li mɔr zɛɛnsim sia kanɛ na tʋn'ɔɛ kpɛn nini ni. == Buudi nɛ din yi zin'isi'a == Gabʋ tiig la (''Allium cepa''), ka ba buon ye Alabasa<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409114https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409114 "''Allium cepa'' var. ''cepa''"]. ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 10 December 2017.</ref> bɛɛ gɛɛn,<ref name=":4">[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 9–10.</ref> anɛ Allium buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod hali''.''<ref>Eric Block, "Garlic and Other ''Alliums'': The Lore and the Science" (Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010)</ref><ref>Brewster JL (1994). ''Onions and other vegetable'' Alliums (1st ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 16. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85198-753-8|978-0-85198-753-8]]</bdi>.</ref> Carl Linnaeus da pa’al lin an si’em bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisnu nɛ atan’ ni (1753) tʋʋmkanɛ ka o da pʋdi li yʋ’ʋr ye ''Species Plantarum''.<ref>Linnaeus C (1753). ''[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358281 Species Plantarum]'' (in Latin). Vol. 1. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 262. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180616061629/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358281 Archived] from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.</ref> Li wannim si’eba pin’ilig sa anɛ:<ref name=":5">[[:en:Natural_Resources_Conservation_Servicev|NRCS]]. [https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ALCE "''Allium cepa''"]. ''PLANTS Database''. [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]] (USDA). Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><ref name=":6">[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42720 "''Allium cepa'' L."] [[:en:Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]. Retrieved 1 April 2013.</ref> ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'' – G. Don ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''bulbiferum'' – Regel ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''cepa'' – Linnaeus ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''multiplicans'' – L.H. Bailey ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''proliferum'' – (Moench) Regel ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''solaninum'' – Alef ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''viviparum'' – (Metz) Mansf.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> ''A. cepa'' anɛ buudkanɛ ka ba kuod,<ref>McNeal DW Jr, Jacobsen TD (2002). [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027457http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027457 "''Allium cepa''"]. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). ''[http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)]''. Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, [[:en:Missouri_Botanical_Gardenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden|Missouri Botanical Garden]], St. Louis, MO & [[:en:Harvard_University_Herbaria|Harvard University Herbaria]], Cambridge, MA.</ref> amaa ba mɔɔgin bʋnam bɛ Central Asia nɛ Iran. Buudkanɛ wan paa anɛ ''A. vavilovii'' linɛ bɛ Turkmenistan nɛ ''A. asarense'' linɛ bɛ Iran.<ref>Grubben, G.J.H.; Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.</ref><ref>Zohary D, Hopf M (2000). ''Domestication of plants in the Old World'' (Third ed.). Oxford: [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]]. p. 198. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-850357-6|978-0-19-850357-6]]</bdi>.</ref> Buudi kanɛ an ''Allium'' la ni ka gabʋ buudi la bɛ ka ba kuodi maan diib, wan wʋʋ Japanese gabʋ (''A. fistulosum''), Egyptian gabʋ (''A.  × proliferum''), nɛ Canada gabʋ (''A. canadense'').<ref name=":4" /> Buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod ka ''A. cepa'' paas nɛ gabʋ buudi ni (''A. cepa'' var. ''cepa'') ka ba buon giŋa ye gɛɛn. Aggregatum buudi banɛ ka ba kuod (''A. cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'') si’eba anɛ shallots,<ref name=":7">[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 20–21</ref> ba da la’asid din buudi nɛ di kɔn’,<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=2244 "''Allium cepa''"]. ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 20 August 2010.</ref><ref>[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], p. 21.</ref> nɛ potato onions.<ref name=":7" /> Buud banɛ wan si’eba anɛ garlic, leek, nɛ chives.<ref>Block E (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85404-190-9|978-0-85404-190-9]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801202704/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Archived] from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref> ''Cepa'' anɛ yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba tis "gabʋ"; di buudi yʋ’ʋri an ''Allium'' ka linɛ an Latin yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba tis garlic.<ref>[https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282056https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282056 "Allium cepa - Plant Finder"]. ''www.missouribotanicalgarden.org''. Retrieved 6 October 2024.</ref> di wan Spanish: ''cebolla'', Italian: ''cipolla'', Polish: ''cebula'', nɛ German ''Zwiebel'' (kisig san’am nwa’). Na’asaal buudi pian’ad "chive" yinɛ Old French ''chive'', ka lin mɛ yi ''cepa''.<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/onion "chive (n.)"]. ''Online Etymological Dictionary''. Retrieved 8 October 2024.</ref> == Pa’alʋg == Gabʋ la anɛ yʋma ayi bumbʋtir amaa ba kuod o nɛ yʋʋm-yʋʋm. zʋmaʋŋ kaŋa gabʋ la nat tun’e nɔbʋg wa’alim wʋʋ 15 to 45 cm (6 to 18 in). ba viand la anɛ dɛn’ɛnɛ sɔbʋg ka  li lua yinne anɛ lammir ka li an baanlif-wɔkʋ ka gbirib bi’el-bi’el ka li pʋʋgin la mɔr vɔɔsim ka vaang wʋsa gɔl l pʋlʋm. vaang wʋsa teŋir la tɔ’ɔŋod nɛ til la anɛ lammiri pielli ka ɛɛnti nɔbigidi naamid bul la pʋʋgʋ yit na. til la teŋir la s aka nya’a la busidi ba’ad teŋin. Gabʋ la nɔbigid la wʋsa ka viand la ku’om la siligidi la’asid gbinin la ka gbin la nɔbid liebid buntita’ar.<ref name=":0">Brickell C, ed. (1992). ''The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening''. Dorling Kindersley. p. 345. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-86318-979-1|<bdi>978-0-86318-979-1</bdi>.]]</ref> Li na ti paae saŋa sia, ka vaand la wʋsa na pin’ili kpiid yinne-yinne ka gbin la mɛŋ agɔl pa’ad la kʋdʋg ka pin’ili pigisid, fʋ na nyɛ ka ba  vɔɔn ba. Ba ya’a basi ba titanin la ti paae waad saŋa, fʋ na nyɛ ka nyɛ’ɛlimnam la pin’ili tɔɔnd zut yitna wɔkʋ ka vanpaala pin’ili yit kʋkpɛŋ na. zut la na nɔbigi agɔl ka mɔr paanrʋŋ ka li ligil zut la mɛŋ. Zut la ɛnti anɛ gbila-gbila ka pidig puum an piela-piela. Li ya’a wɛl, li biili la anɛanwa ma’ad-ma’adi gbila-gbila.<ref name=":0" /> gabʋ nyɛ’ɛlim bɛdim anɛ wʋʋ 5.5.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121224184605/http://www.foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf Approximate pH Values of Common Foods and Ingredients]" (PDF). ''Wisconsin Food Safety and Health''. Archived from [https://foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref>     <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180> File:ARS red onion.jpg|Roots, leaves and developing bulb File:Onion Flower Bangladesh.jpg|Inflorescence with flower buds File:Onion seed.jpg|Seeds </gallery>Nya’a, vaand nɛ nyɛ’ɛlim kanɛ nan pu gʋn’ʋ == Labakʋda == [[File:An onion, woodcut, 1547 Wellcome L0029214.jpg|thumb|upright|Medieval woodcut print of an onion, from ''[[Hortus Sanitatis]]'' (1547)]] Ninsaalibi baŋ ka gaŋ gabʋ pin’ili kuodi li wʋʋ yʋma 7,000 nwa.<ref>Anastassakis K (2022). "[https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54 Allium Cepa (Red Onion])". ''Androgenetic Alopecia From A to Z''. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 465–469. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54|10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-031-08056-2|<bdi>978-3-031-08056-2</bdi>.]] Retrieved 6 June 2024.</ref> Sɔ pʋ maligim baŋ gabʋ pin’il zin’isia na vikkii. Kʋdʋmin sa labaya pa’al ye gabʋ diib da naamnɛ eastern nɛ western Asia na.<ref name=":1">Cumo C (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WqfACQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 Onion. In: Foods that Changed History: How Foods Shaped Civilization from the Ancient World to the Present]''. ABC-CLIO LLC (American Bibliographic Center, CLIO Press). pp. 248–250. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781440835377|9781440835377]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210204030543/https://books.google.com/books?id=WqfACQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 Archived] from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref><ref name=":2">Ansari NA (2007). "[http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0712/MERJPSB_1(1&2)/MERJPSB_1(2)26-38o.pdf Onion Cultivation and Production in Iran]" (PDF). ''Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology''. '''1''' (2): 26–38. [http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0712/MERJPSB_1(1&2)/MERJPSB_1(2)26-38o.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2022 – via Global Science Books. <q>Onion originated in Iran and its neighboring countries (Hanelt 1990).</q></ref> Li bʋdʋb la da na pin’ilnɛ yi West bɛɛ Central Asia.<ref>[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 20–21.</ref><ref name=":3">"[https://www.onions-usa.org/all-about-onions/history-of-onions History of onions]". US National Onion Association, Greeley, CO. 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170624120840/https://www.onions-usa.org/all-about-onions/history-of-onions Archived] from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref> Ba pa’al zin’is babʋga ka li anɛ ye gabʋ yinɛ Iran, western Pakistan nɛ western Asia na.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>Block E (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC ''Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science''.] Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 5–6. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780854041909|9780854041909]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801202704/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Archived] from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref> gabʋ buudkanɛ ka ba buon ye allium fistulosum nɛ Allium tubarosum la, ba pin’ili di kuob bɛ China nɛ zʋʋd sieba wʋʋ zɛnma’asa, bielim nɛ tiwɛla nɛ 6,000 BC.<ref>Veeck G, Pannell CW (2021). "9. Agriculture: From Antiquity to Revolution to Reform. Early Farming Traditions". ''China's Geography'' (4th ed.). Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 235. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[9781538140796]]</bdi>.</ref> Recipes sieba da mɔr gabט tטm nɛ ''Allium'' species la da anɛ dinɛ ka ba da nyɛ li bɛ cuneiform sɔb ni ka ba sɔbi li niŋ dinɛ ka ba nɔk ya'adi ya'abi li bɛ yטטm-pט-kטdigin Mesopotamia, yטטm tusa ayi 2000 BC la ni. ya'ad dinɛ li da sɔbi niŋi di pטטgin la da bɛni sakur tita'ar kani ka ba buon yee Yale University's Babylonian collection.<ref name=":8">"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-30549150 Three cheers for the onion]". [[:en:BBC|BBC]]. 4 January 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2024.</ref> Assyriologist la nɛ "gourmet cook"<ref name=":8" /> Jean Bottero yɛl "a cuisine of striking richness, refinement, sophistication and artistry".<ref name=":8" /> Yטטm-pט-kטdigin Ancient Egyptians la da na'as gabט tɛŋsטg diib la ka ye li anɛ zanbin kanɛ pa'al nyɔvטr kanɛ kaae naare.<ref name=":3" /> Egyptian dim la da la'am mɔr gabט mumi ba kum ban da di kaseta ye ba nyɛ ka gabט la Ramesses IV nifin.<ref>Abdel-Maksouda, Gomaa, El-Aminb, Abdel-Rahman (2011). "[http://www.maajournal.com/Issues/2011/pdf/Maksoud.pdf A review on the materials used during the mummification process in ancient Egypt]" (PDF). ''Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry''. '''11''' (2): 129–150. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140308070536/http://www.maajournal.com/Issues/2011/pdf/Maksoud.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2013.</ref> Pliny kanɛ da an yiiga kpɛɛm bɛ first century AD la da sɔbi pa'al gabט nɛ cabbage tטטma an siem bɛ Pompeii. O da sɔbi pa'al Roman dimi tis gabט sida siem ye li mɔri ti'ebid nini wiim, ka mɛ lɛm sטŋid gbɛɛm, nɛ dinɛ wטsa anɛ nɔɔrin fɛn'ɛd nɛ baa na dטm sɔ', lumbago, nɛ hali la'am nɛ dysentery. chaeologists vɛɛnsid Pompeii saŋa bɛdigט its 79 AD volcanic burial la ya'aŋ ba da nyɛ labטn'ɔg nwɛnɛ Pliny da pa'al siem la tituaa. Amaa fט labaar kanɛ ka ba da paam da fifth/sixth century AD bɛ authorial aegis of "Apicius" saŋa la (yɛl ye di anɛ gourmet) roman dim la da mɔr gabט nam la ba diib namin saŋa bɛdigט ni.<ref name=":3" /> Age of Discovery saŋa la, European dim banɛ da dɛŋim bɛ Columbian exchange lada mɔr gabט keŋ North America. Ba da nyɛ ''Allium tricoccum'' kanɛ nwɛnɛ gabט ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[Category:Zɛɛnd]] 6rbp8iudy2ld5fw0vol9qi1lj3ariym 14951 14950 2025-06-20T10:15:20Z Frank Awini Abugri 162 I added text and references 14951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3406628}} '''Gabʋ'''/ '''Gɛɛn'''/ '''Alabasa''' Anɛ zɛnma’asa buudi kanɛ ka nidib bɛdigʋ kuodi li. Shallot anɛ na’asaabuulug yinne kanɛ ka ba da gɛligi li ye o anɛ o kɔn hali ti paae 2011. Gabʋ la mabiis la sieba anɛ garlic, scallion, leek nɛ chieves. Ba gbin la mɔr buudi nam kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb ka ba buonɛ ba ye gabʋnam ka kuodi ba mɔri maan diib, ba anɛ Japanese bunching onion Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, nɛ Canada onion Allium canadense la. Yʋ’ʋr mɔɔgin gabʋ la mɔri buon gabʋ buudi bɛdigʋ, amaa cepaanɛ dinɛ bɛ li kɔn ka ti pʋm o bʋdʋbin. Ti pʋ nyaŋi baŋ li pin’ilʋg Gabʋ dinɛ ka Latin dim buon ye (Allium cepa L.Tooltip Carl Linnaeus, from Latin cepa), ka mɛ buon ye gab gbilʋg bɛɛ gabna'ana anɛ tivaand nyɛ'ɛlim kanɛ dit ka nyusid zan'ezan'e. Ka ba kuodi li buudi kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb ka li anɛ Allium gabʋ buudi. Ka gab gbil nyɛ'ɛlim  la  da pɛ'ɛs nɛ gab nyɛ'lima buud sieba ni  hali ti paae yʋʋm 2011.Gabʋ kpin nɛ sieba paa anɛ garlic, scallion, leek, nɛ chives.   Ba wʋsa mɔrnɛ buudi kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb amaa ti yiti ye di anɛ gabʋ nɛ diib banɛ ka kuod wʋʋ Japanese bunching gabʋ nyu'sa wʋʋ  Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, nɛ Canada gabʋ nyu'sa Allium canadense. Mɔɔgʋn gabʋ la anɛ  gab nyu'usa kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb banɛ bɛ. Amaa  A. cepa lɛɛ baŋid nɛ o kuobin. Di anɛ kudimɛn mɔɔgin bʋn sʋŋ  kanɛ yʋ'ʋn ba'a nya'a teŋ sieba.Gabʋ yiti taa anɛ  biennial bɛɛ perennial tivaand amaa gɔsidi ka kuodi li yʋʋm yʋʋm ka vɔɔndi li saŋa kanɛ nar. Gab vaand la niŋgbiŋ si'im anɛ dɛn'ɛm-bʋlʋ ka mɔr vɔn baanlʋg di ni.ka di nyɛ'ɛlim la bɛ di vaan'ʋg la gbinin bɛɛ teŋir. Ba yiti dɛŋ nɛ Waal zɛnbiis la ka yaan vɔn tɔɔm maal paalʋ sʋŋa ka sɛ ba. Ba ya'a ti pin'il nyɛ'ɛb ka nintaŋ nwɛ'ɛd,  fʋ na nyɛ ba gbina la niŋid  bɛda bɛda ka ba teŋir vaand la pin'ili sʋʋgʋd  ka vanpaala busid ti paae nyɛ'ɛb bɛn ka vaand la wʋsa yʋ'ʋn kʋdig. Saŋa kan la fʋ ya'a pʋ vɔn baa bʋnvʋya banɛ sa'amid gabʋ la tʋn'ɔɛ daamɛ ba. Ti mɔr tampɔɔs banɛ samid gabʋ nɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ na tʋn'ɔɛ kɛ ka gabʋ la pʋn'ɔɛ . Gabʋ buudi wʋʋ A.cepa la sieba na tʋn'ɔɛ nyɛ'ɛ gaad gab gbil yinnɛ nwɛnɛ shallot nam nɛ dankal gabʋ la nɛ. Ba kuod ka mɔr gabʋ tum zin'is bɛdigʋ dunia wʋsa ni.Nwɛnɛ din pʋn an' diib bʋn laa, ba tʋn'ɔɛ  nɔki li kansa la sɛ gɛndig diibin wʋʋ zɛnvaand nɛ. Ba mɛ tʋn'ɔɛ nɔki dʋg diib mɛn. Fʋ ya'a waansid bɛɛ sɛɛd , li mɔr zɛɛnsim sia kanɛ na tʋn'ɔɛ kpɛn nini ni. == Buudi nɛ din yi zin'isi'a == Gabʋ tiig la (''Allium cepa''), ka ba buon ye Alabasa<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409114https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409114 "''Allium cepa'' var. ''cepa''"]. ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 10 December 2017.</ref> bɛɛ gɛɛn,<ref name=":4">[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 9–10.</ref> anɛ Allium buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod hali''.''<ref>Eric Block, "Garlic and Other ''Alliums'': The Lore and the Science" (Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010)</ref><ref>Brewster JL (1994). ''Onions and other vegetable'' Alliums (1st ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 16. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85198-753-8|978-0-85198-753-8]]</bdi>.</ref> Carl Linnaeus da pa’al lin an si’em bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisnu nɛ atan’ ni (1753) tʋʋmkanɛ ka o da pʋdi li yʋ’ʋr ye ''Species Plantarum''.<ref>Linnaeus C (1753). ''[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358281 Species Plantarum]'' (in Latin). Vol. 1. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 262. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180616061629/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358281 Archived] from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.</ref> Li wannim si’eba pin’ilig sa anɛ:<ref name=":5">[[:en:Natural_Resources_Conservation_Servicev|NRCS]]. [https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ALCE "''Allium cepa''"]. ''PLANTS Database''. [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]] (USDA). Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><ref name=":6">[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42720 "''Allium cepa'' L."] [[:en:Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]. Retrieved 1 April 2013.</ref> ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'' – G. Don ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''bulbiferum'' – Regel ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''cepa'' – Linnaeus ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''multiplicans'' – L.H. Bailey ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''proliferum'' – (Moench) Regel ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''solaninum'' – Alef ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''viviparum'' – (Metz) Mansf.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> ''A. cepa'' anɛ buudkanɛ ka ba kuod,<ref>McNeal DW Jr, Jacobsen TD (2002). [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027457http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027457 "''Allium cepa''"]. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). ''[http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)]''. Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, [[:en:Missouri_Botanical_Gardenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden|Missouri Botanical Garden]], St. Louis, MO & [[:en:Harvard_University_Herbaria|Harvard University Herbaria]], Cambridge, MA.</ref> amaa ba mɔɔgin bʋnam bɛ Central Asia nɛ Iran. Buudkanɛ wan paa anɛ ''A. vavilovii'' linɛ bɛ Turkmenistan nɛ ''A. asarense'' linɛ bɛ Iran.<ref>Grubben, G.J.H.; Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.</ref><ref>Zohary D, Hopf M (2000). ''Domestication of plants in the Old World'' (Third ed.). Oxford: [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]]. p. 198. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-850357-6|978-0-19-850357-6]]</bdi>.</ref> Buudi kanɛ an ''Allium'' la ni ka gabʋ buudi la bɛ ka ba kuodi maan diib, wan wʋʋ Japanese gabʋ (''A. fistulosum''), Egyptian gabʋ (''A.  × proliferum''), nɛ Canada gabʋ (''A. canadense'').<ref name=":4" /> Buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod ka ''A. cepa'' paas nɛ gabʋ buudi ni (''A. cepa'' var. ''cepa'') ka ba buon giŋa ye gɛɛn. Aggregatum buudi banɛ ka ba kuod (''A. cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'') si’eba anɛ shallots,<ref name=":7">[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 20–21</ref> ba da la’asid din buudi nɛ di kɔn’,<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=2244 "''Allium cepa''"]. ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 20 August 2010.</ref><ref>[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], p. 21.</ref> nɛ potato onions.<ref name=":7" /> Buud banɛ wan si’eba anɛ garlic, leek, nɛ chives.<ref>Block E (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85404-190-9|978-0-85404-190-9]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801202704/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Archived] from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref> ''Cepa'' anɛ yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba tis "gabʋ"; di buudi yʋ’ʋri an ''Allium'' ka linɛ an Latin yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba tis garlic.<ref>[https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282056https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282056 "Allium cepa - Plant Finder"]. ''www.missouribotanicalgarden.org''. Retrieved 6 October 2024.</ref> di wan Spanish: ''cebolla'', Italian: ''cipolla'', Polish: ''cebula'', nɛ German ''Zwiebel'' (kisig san’am nwa’). Na’asaal buudi pian’ad "chive" yinɛ Old French ''chive'', ka lin mɛ yi ''cepa''.<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/onion "chive (n.)"]. ''Online Etymological Dictionary''. Retrieved 8 October 2024.</ref> == Pa’alʋg == Gabʋ la anɛ yʋma ayi bumbʋtir amaa ba kuod o nɛ yʋʋm-yʋʋm. zʋmaʋŋ kaŋa gabʋ la nat tun’e nɔbʋg wa’alim wʋʋ 15 to 45 cm (6 to 18 in). ba viand la anɛ dɛn’ɛnɛ sɔbʋg ka  li lua yinne anɛ lammir ka li an baanlif-wɔkʋ ka gbirib bi’el-bi’el ka li pʋʋgin la mɔr vɔɔsim ka vaang wʋsa gɔl l pʋlʋm. vaang wʋsa teŋir la tɔ’ɔŋod nɛ til la anɛ lammiri pielli ka ɛɛnti nɔbigidi naamid bul la pʋʋgʋ yit na. til la teŋir la s aka nya’a la busidi ba’ad teŋin. Gabʋ la nɔbigid la wʋsa ka viand la ku’om la siligidi la’asid gbinin la ka gbin la nɔbid liebid buntita’ar.<ref name=":0">Brickell C, ed. (1992). ''The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening''. Dorling Kindersley. p. 345. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-86318-979-1|<bdi>978-0-86318-979-1</bdi>.]]</ref> Li na ti paae saŋa sia, ka vaand la wʋsa na pin’ili kpiid yinne-yinne ka gbin la mɛŋ agɔl pa’ad la kʋdʋg ka pin’ili pigisid, fʋ na nyɛ ka ba  vɔɔn ba. Ba ya’a basi ba titanin la ti paae waad saŋa, fʋ na nyɛ ka nyɛ’ɛlimnam la pin’ili tɔɔnd zut yitna wɔkʋ ka vanpaala pin’ili yit kʋkpɛŋ na. zut la na nɔbigi agɔl ka mɔr paanrʋŋ ka li ligil zut la mɛŋ. Zut la ɛnti anɛ gbila-gbila ka pidig puum an piela-piela. Li ya’a wɛl, li biili la anɛanwa ma’ad-ma’adi gbila-gbila.<ref name=":0" /> gabʋ nyɛ’ɛlim bɛdim anɛ wʋʋ 5.5.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121224184605/http://www.foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf Approximate pH Values of Common Foods and Ingredients]" (PDF). ''Wisconsin Food Safety and Health''. Archived from [https://foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref>     <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180> File:ARS red onion.jpg|Roots, leaves and developing bulb File:Onion Flower Bangladesh.jpg|Inflorescence with flower buds File:Onion seed.jpg|Seeds </gallery> == Labakʋda == [[File:An onion, woodcut, 1547 Wellcome L0029214.jpg|thumb|upright|Medieval woodcut print of an onion, from ''[[Hortus Sanitatis]]'' (1547)]] Ninsaalibi baŋ ka gaŋ gabʋ pin’ili kuodi li wʋʋ yʋma 7,000 nwa.<ref>Anastassakis K (2022). "[https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54 Allium Cepa (Red Onion])". ''Androgenetic Alopecia From A to Z''. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 465–469. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54|10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-031-08056-2|<bdi>978-3-031-08056-2</bdi>.]] Retrieved 6 June 2024.</ref> Sɔ pʋ maligim baŋ gabʋ pin’il zin’isia na vikkii. Kʋdʋmin sa labaya pa’al ye gabʋ diib da naamnɛ eastern nɛ western Asia na.<ref name=":1">Cumo C (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WqfACQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 Onion. In: Foods that Changed History: How Foods Shaped Civilization from the Ancient World to the Present]''. ABC-CLIO LLC (American Bibliographic Center, CLIO Press). pp. 248–250. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781440835377|9781440835377]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210204030543/https://books.google.com/books?id=WqfACQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 Archived] from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref><ref name=":2">Ansari NA (2007). "[http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0712/MERJPSB_1(1&2)/MERJPSB_1(2)26-38o.pdf Onion Cultivation and Production in Iran]" (PDF). ''Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology''. '''1''' (2): 26–38. [http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0712/MERJPSB_1(1&2)/MERJPSB_1(2)26-38o.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2022 – via Global Science Books. <q>Onion originated in Iran and its neighboring countries (Hanelt 1990).</q></ref> Li bʋdʋb la da na pin’ilnɛ yi West bɛɛ Central Asia.<ref>[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 20–21.</ref><ref name=":3">"[https://www.onions-usa.org/all-about-onions/history-of-onions History of onions]". US National Onion Association, Greeley, CO. 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170624120840/https://www.onions-usa.org/all-about-onions/history-of-onions Archived] from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref> Ba pa’al zin’is babʋga ka li anɛ ye gabʋ yinɛ Iran, western Pakistan nɛ western Asia na.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>Block E (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC ''Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science''.] Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 5–6. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780854041909|9780854041909]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801202704/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Archived] from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref> gabʋ buudkanɛ ka ba buon ye allium fistulosum nɛ Allium tubarosum la, ba pin’ili di kuob bɛ China nɛ zʋʋd sieba wʋʋ zɛnma’asa, bielim nɛ tiwɛla nɛ 6,000 BC.<ref>Veeck G, Pannell CW (2021). "9. Agriculture: From Antiquity to Revolution to Reform. Early Farming Traditions". ''China's Geography'' (4th ed.). Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 235. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[9781538140796]]</bdi>.</ref> Recipes sieba da mɔr gabט tטm nɛ ''Allium'' species la da anɛ dinɛ ka ba da nyɛ li bɛ cuneiform sɔb ni ka ba sɔbi li niŋ dinɛ ka ba nɔk ya'adi ya'abi li bɛ yטטm-pט-kטdigin Mesopotamia, yטטm tusa ayi 2000 BC la ni. ya'ad dinɛ li da sɔbi niŋi di pטטgin la da bɛni sakur tita'ar kani ka ba buon yee Yale University's Babylonian collection.<ref name=":8">"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-30549150 Three cheers for the onion]". [[:en:BBC|BBC]]. 4 January 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2024.</ref> Assyriologist la nɛ "gourmet cook"<ref name=":8" /> Jean Bottero yɛl "a cuisine of striking richness, refinement, sophistication and artistry".<ref name=":8" /> Yטטm-pט-kטdigin Ancient Egyptians la da na'as gabט tɛŋsטg diib la ka ye li anɛ zanbin kanɛ pa'al nyɔvטr kanɛ kaae naare.<ref name=":3" /> Egyptian dim la da la'am mɔr gabט mumi ba kum ban da di kaseta ye ba nyɛ ka gabט la Ramesses IV nifin.<ref>Abdel-Maksouda, Gomaa, El-Aminb, Abdel-Rahman (2011). "[http://www.maajournal.com/Issues/2011/pdf/Maksoud.pdf A review on the materials used during the mummification process in ancient Egypt]" (PDF). ''Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry''. '''11''' (2): 129–150. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140308070536/http://www.maajournal.com/Issues/2011/pdf/Maksoud.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2013.</ref> Pliny kanɛ da an yiiga kpɛɛm bɛ first century AD la da sɔbi pa'al gabט nɛ cabbage tטטma an siem bɛ Pompeii. O da sɔbi pa'al Roman dimi tis gabט sida siem ye li mɔri ti'ebid nini wiim, ka mɛ lɛm sטŋid gbɛɛm, nɛ dinɛ wטsa anɛ nɔɔrin fɛn'ɛd nɛ baa na dטm sɔ', lumbago, nɛ hali la'am nɛ dysentery. chaeologists vɛɛnsid Pompeii saŋa bɛdigט its 79 AD volcanic burial la ya'aŋ ba da nyɛ labטn'ɔg nwɛnɛ Pliny da pa'al siem la tituaa. Amaa fט labaar kanɛ ka ba da paam da fifth/sixth century AD bɛ authorial aegis of "Apicius" saŋa la (yɛl ye di anɛ gourmet) roman dim la da mɔr gabט nam la ba diib namin saŋa bɛdigט ni.<ref name=":3" /> Age of Discovery saŋa la, European dim banɛ da dɛŋim bɛ Columbian exchange lada mɔr gabט keŋ North America. Ba da nyɛ ''Allium tricoccum'' kanɛ nwɛnɛ gabט ka mɔr dit bɛdigט bɛ Native American gastronomy.<ref name=":1" /> Fט ya'a gɔs yiiga English colonists dim la sɔb sieli digil la pa'al ye gabט pטטgin diib la ka Pilgrim fathers la da nɔki li bטt bɛ North America.<ref name=":3" /> Yטטm tusir, kɔbisnii nɛ pisnii nɛ atan' (1883) nɛ yטטm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisntan' nɛ awai (1939) la teŋsטk la ka United States dim la da ma'a ye ba ye ba maalnɛ sielnam bam piswai nɛ ayɔpɔi (97) ka li sטŋ gabט nɔbigir ka li sטŋ ka di tטטma la kɛŋ sטm.<ref>Gripshover MM, Bell TL (Spring 2012). "Patently Good Ideas: Innovations and Inventions in U.S. Onion Farming, 1883–1939". ''Material Culture''. '''44''' (1): 1–30. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23145818 JSTOR 23145818].</ref> == Tטטma == Gɔsim ya'as: Gabט nam buudi ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[Category:Zɛɛnd]] 7231ov6r9img4469dd1th2s9j5t2nnt 14952 14951 2025-06-20T10:19:36Z Frank Awini Abugri 162 I added a file 14952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3406628}} '''Gabʋ'''/ '''Gɛɛn'''/ '''Alabasa''' Anɛ zɛnma’asa buudi kanɛ ka nidib bɛdigʋ kuodi li. Shallot anɛ na’asaabuulug yinne kanɛ ka ba da gɛligi li ye o anɛ o kɔn hali ti paae 2011. Gabʋ la mabiis la sieba anɛ garlic, scallion, leek nɛ chieves. Ba gbin la mɔr buudi nam kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb ka ba buonɛ ba ye gabʋnam ka kuodi ba mɔri maan diib, ba anɛ Japanese bunching onion Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, nɛ Canada onion Allium canadense la. Yʋ’ʋr mɔɔgin gabʋ la mɔri buon gabʋ buudi bɛdigʋ, amaa cepaanɛ dinɛ bɛ li kɔn ka ti pʋm o bʋdʋbin. Ti pʋ nyaŋi baŋ li pin’ilʋg Gabʋ dinɛ ka Latin dim buon ye (Allium cepa L.Tooltip Carl Linnaeus, from Latin cepa), ka mɛ buon ye gab gbilʋg bɛɛ gabna'ana anɛ tivaand nyɛ'ɛlim kanɛ dit ka nyusid zan'ezan'e. Ka ba kuodi li buudi kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb ka li anɛ Allium gabʋ buudi. Ka gab gbil nyɛ'ɛlim  la  da pɛ'ɛs nɛ gab nyɛ'lima buud sieba ni  hali ti paae yʋʋm 2011.Gabʋ kpin nɛ sieba paa anɛ garlic, scallion, leek, nɛ chives.   Ba wʋsa mɔrnɛ buudi kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb amaa ti yiti ye di anɛ gabʋ nɛ diib banɛ ka kuod wʋʋ Japanese bunching gabʋ nyu'sa wʋʋ  Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, nɛ Canada gabʋ nyu'sa Allium canadense. Mɔɔgʋn gabʋ la anɛ  gab nyu'usa kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb banɛ bɛ. Amaa  A. cepa lɛɛ baŋid nɛ o kuobin. Di anɛ kudimɛn mɔɔgin bʋn sʋŋ  kanɛ yʋ'ʋn ba'a nya'a teŋ sieba.Gabʋ yiti taa anɛ  biennial bɛɛ perennial tivaand amaa gɔsidi ka kuodi li yʋʋm yʋʋm ka vɔɔndi li saŋa kanɛ nar. Gab vaand la niŋgbiŋ si'im anɛ dɛn'ɛm-bʋlʋ ka mɔr vɔn baanlʋg di ni.ka di nyɛ'ɛlim la bɛ di vaan'ʋg la gbinin bɛɛ teŋir. Ba yiti dɛŋ nɛ Waal zɛnbiis la ka yaan vɔn tɔɔm maal paalʋ sʋŋa ka sɛ ba. Ba ya'a ti pin'il nyɛ'ɛb ka nintaŋ nwɛ'ɛd,  fʋ na nyɛ ba gbina la niŋid  bɛda bɛda ka ba teŋir vaand la pin'ili sʋʋgʋd  ka vanpaala busid ti paae nyɛ'ɛb bɛn ka vaand la wʋsa yʋ'ʋn kʋdig. Saŋa kan la fʋ ya'a pʋ vɔn baa bʋnvʋya banɛ sa'amid gabʋ la tʋn'ɔɛ daamɛ ba. Ti mɔr tampɔɔs banɛ samid gabʋ nɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ na tʋn'ɔɛ kɛ ka gabʋ la pʋn'ɔɛ . Gabʋ buudi wʋʋ A.cepa la sieba na tʋn'ɔɛ nyɛ'ɛ gaad gab gbil yinnɛ nwɛnɛ shallot nam nɛ dankal gabʋ la nɛ. Ba kuod ka mɔr gabʋ tum zin'is bɛdigʋ dunia wʋsa ni.Nwɛnɛ din pʋn an' diib bʋn laa, ba tʋn'ɔɛ  nɔki li kansa la sɛ gɛndig diibin wʋʋ zɛnvaand nɛ. Ba mɛ tʋn'ɔɛ nɔki dʋg diib mɛn. Fʋ ya'a waansid bɛɛ sɛɛd , li mɔr zɛɛnsim sia kanɛ na tʋn'ɔɛ kpɛn nini ni. == Buudi nɛ din yi zin'isi'a == Gabʋ tiig la (''Allium cepa''), ka ba buon ye Alabasa<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409114https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409114 "''Allium cepa'' var. ''cepa''"]. ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 10 December 2017.</ref> bɛɛ gɛɛn,<ref name=":4">[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 9–10.</ref> anɛ Allium buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod hali''.''<ref>Eric Block, "Garlic and Other ''Alliums'': The Lore and the Science" (Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010)</ref><ref>Brewster JL (1994). ''Onions and other vegetable'' Alliums (1st ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 16. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85198-753-8|978-0-85198-753-8]]</bdi>.</ref> Carl Linnaeus da pa’al lin an si’em bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisnu nɛ atan’ ni (1753) tʋʋmkanɛ ka o da pʋdi li yʋ’ʋr ye ''Species Plantarum''.<ref>Linnaeus C (1753). ''[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358281 Species Plantarum]'' (in Latin). Vol. 1. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 262. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180616061629/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358281 Archived] from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.</ref> Li wannim si’eba pin’ilig sa anɛ:<ref name=":5">[[:en:Natural_Resources_Conservation_Servicev|NRCS]]. [https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ALCE "''Allium cepa''"]. ''PLANTS Database''. [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]] (USDA). Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><ref name=":6">[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42720 "''Allium cepa'' L."] [[:en:Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]. Retrieved 1 April 2013.</ref> ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'' – G. Don ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''bulbiferum'' – Regel ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''cepa'' – Linnaeus ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''multiplicans'' – L.H. Bailey ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''proliferum'' – (Moench) Regel ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''solaninum'' – Alef ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''viviparum'' – (Metz) Mansf.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> ''A. cepa'' anɛ buudkanɛ ka ba kuod,<ref>McNeal DW Jr, Jacobsen TD (2002). [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027457http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027457 "''Allium cepa''"]. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). ''[http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)]''. Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, [[:en:Missouri_Botanical_Gardenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden|Missouri Botanical Garden]], St. Louis, MO & [[:en:Harvard_University_Herbaria|Harvard University Herbaria]], Cambridge, MA.</ref> amaa ba mɔɔgin bʋnam bɛ Central Asia nɛ Iran. Buudkanɛ wan paa anɛ ''A. vavilovii'' linɛ bɛ Turkmenistan nɛ ''A. asarense'' linɛ bɛ Iran.<ref>Grubben, G.J.H.; Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.</ref><ref>Zohary D, Hopf M (2000). ''Domestication of plants in the Old World'' (Third ed.). Oxford: [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]]. p. 198. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-850357-6|978-0-19-850357-6]]</bdi>.</ref> Buudi kanɛ an ''Allium'' la ni ka gabʋ buudi la bɛ ka ba kuodi maan diib, wan wʋʋ Japanese gabʋ (''A. fistulosum''), Egyptian gabʋ (''A.  × proliferum''), nɛ Canada gabʋ (''A. canadense'').<ref name=":4" /> Buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod ka ''A. cepa'' paas nɛ gabʋ buudi ni (''A. cepa'' var. ''cepa'') ka ba buon giŋa ye gɛɛn. Aggregatum buudi banɛ ka ba kuod (''A. cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'') si’eba anɛ shallots,<ref name=":7">[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 20–21</ref> ba da la’asid din buudi nɛ di kɔn’,<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=2244 "''Allium cepa''"]. ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 20 August 2010.</ref><ref>[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], p. 21.</ref> nɛ potato onions.<ref name=":7" /> Buud banɛ wan si’eba anɛ garlic, leek, nɛ chives.<ref>Block E (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85404-190-9|978-0-85404-190-9]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801202704/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Archived] from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref> ''Cepa'' anɛ yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba tis "gabʋ"; di buudi yʋ’ʋri an ''Allium'' ka linɛ an Latin yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba tis garlic.<ref>[https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282056https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282056 "Allium cepa - Plant Finder"]. ''www.missouribotanicalgarden.org''. Retrieved 6 October 2024.</ref> di wan Spanish: ''cebolla'', Italian: ''cipolla'', Polish: ''cebula'', nɛ German ''Zwiebel'' (kisig san’am nwa’). Na’asaal buudi pian’ad "chive" yinɛ Old French ''chive'', ka lin mɛ yi ''cepa''.<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/onion "chive (n.)"]. ''Online Etymological Dictionary''. Retrieved 8 October 2024.</ref> == Pa’alʋg == Gabʋ la anɛ yʋma ayi bumbʋtir amaa ba kuod o nɛ yʋʋm-yʋʋm. zʋmaʋŋ kaŋa gabʋ la nat tun’e nɔbʋg wa’alim wʋʋ 15 to 45 cm (6 to 18 in). ba viand la anɛ dɛn’ɛnɛ sɔbʋg ka  li lua yinne anɛ lammir ka li an baanlif-wɔkʋ ka gbirib bi’el-bi’el ka li pʋʋgin la mɔr vɔɔsim ka vaang wʋsa gɔl l pʋlʋm. vaang wʋsa teŋir la tɔ’ɔŋod nɛ til la anɛ lammiri pielli ka ɛɛnti nɔbigidi naamid bul la pʋʋgʋ yit na. til la teŋir la s aka nya’a la busidi ba’ad teŋin. Gabʋ la nɔbigid la wʋsa ka viand la ku’om la siligidi la’asid gbinin la ka gbin la nɔbid liebid buntita’ar.<ref name=":0">Brickell C, ed. (1992). ''The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening''. Dorling Kindersley. p. 345. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-86318-979-1|<bdi>978-0-86318-979-1</bdi>.]]</ref> Li na ti paae saŋa sia, ka vaand la wʋsa na pin’ili kpiid yinne-yinne ka gbin la mɛŋ agɔl pa’ad la kʋdʋg ka pin’ili pigisid, fʋ na nyɛ ka ba  vɔɔn ba. Ba ya’a basi ba titanin la ti paae waad saŋa, fʋ na nyɛ ka nyɛ’ɛlimnam la pin’ili tɔɔnd zut yitna wɔkʋ ka vanpaala pin’ili yit kʋkpɛŋ na. zut la na nɔbigi agɔl ka mɔr paanrʋŋ ka li ligil zut la mɛŋ. Zut la ɛnti anɛ gbila-gbila ka pidig puum an piela-piela. Li ya’a wɛl, li biili la anɛanwa ma’ad-ma’adi gbila-gbila.<ref name=":0" /> gabʋ nyɛ’ɛlim bɛdim anɛ wʋʋ 5.5.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121224184605/http://www.foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf Approximate pH Values of Common Foods and Ingredients]" (PDF). ''Wisconsin Food Safety and Health''. Archived from [https://foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref>     <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180> File:ARS red onion.jpg|Roots, leaves and developing bulb File:Onion Flower Bangladesh.jpg|Inflorescence with flower buds File:Onion seed.jpg|Seeds </gallery> == Labakʋda == [[File:An onion, woodcut, 1547 Wellcome L0029214.jpg|thumb|upright|Medieval woodcut print of an onion, from ''[[Hortus Sanitatis]]'' (1547)]] Ninsaalibi baŋ ka gaŋ gabʋ pin’ili kuodi li wʋʋ yʋma 7,000 nwa.<ref>Anastassakis K (2022). "[https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54 Allium Cepa (Red Onion])". ''Androgenetic Alopecia From A to Z''. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 465–469. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54|10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-031-08056-2|<bdi>978-3-031-08056-2</bdi>.]] Retrieved 6 June 2024.</ref> Sɔ pʋ maligim baŋ gabʋ pin’il zin’isia na vikkii. Kʋdʋmin sa labaya pa’al ye gabʋ diib da naamnɛ eastern nɛ western Asia na.<ref name=":1">Cumo C (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WqfACQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 Onion. In: Foods that Changed History: How Foods Shaped Civilization from the Ancient World to the Present]''. ABC-CLIO LLC (American Bibliographic Center, CLIO Press). pp. 248–250. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781440835377|9781440835377]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210204030543/https://books.google.com/books?id=WqfACQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 Archived] from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref><ref name=":2">Ansari NA (2007). "[http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0712/MERJPSB_1(1&2)/MERJPSB_1(2)26-38o.pdf Onion Cultivation and Production in Iran]" (PDF). ''Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology''. '''1''' (2): 26–38. [http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0712/MERJPSB_1(1&2)/MERJPSB_1(2)26-38o.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2022 – via Global Science Books. <q>Onion originated in Iran and its neighboring countries (Hanelt 1990).</q></ref> Li bʋdʋb la da na pin’ilnɛ yi West bɛɛ Central Asia.<ref>[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 20–21.</ref><ref name=":3">"[https://www.onions-usa.org/all-about-onions/history-of-onions History of onions]". US National Onion Association, Greeley, CO. 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170624120840/https://www.onions-usa.org/all-about-onions/history-of-onions Archived] from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref> Ba pa’al zin’is babʋga ka li anɛ ye gabʋ yinɛ Iran, western Pakistan nɛ western Asia na.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>Block E (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC ''Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science''.] Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 5–6. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780854041909|9780854041909]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801202704/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Archived] from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref> gabʋ buudkanɛ ka ba buon ye allium fistulosum nɛ Allium tubarosum la, ba pin’ili di kuob bɛ China nɛ zʋʋd sieba wʋʋ zɛnma’asa, bielim nɛ tiwɛla nɛ 6,000 BC.<ref>Veeck G, Pannell CW (2021). "9. Agriculture: From Antiquity to Revolution to Reform. Early Farming Traditions". ''China's Geography'' (4th ed.). Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 235. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[9781538140796]]</bdi>.</ref> Recipes sieba da mɔr gabט tטm nɛ ''Allium'' species la da anɛ dinɛ ka ba da nyɛ li bɛ cuneiform sɔb ni ka ba sɔbi li niŋ dinɛ ka ba nɔk ya'adi ya'abi li bɛ yטטm-pט-kטdigin Mesopotamia, yטטm tusa ayi 2000 BC la ni. ya'ad dinɛ li da sɔbi niŋi di pטטgin la da bɛni sakur tita'ar kani ka ba buon yee Yale University's Babylonian collection.<ref name=":8">"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-30549150 Three cheers for the onion]". [[:en:BBC|BBC]]. 4 January 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2024.</ref> Assyriologist la nɛ "gourmet cook"<ref name=":8" /> Jean Bottero yɛl "a cuisine of striking richness, refinement, sophistication and artistry".<ref name=":8" /> Yטטm-pט-kטdigin Ancient Egyptians la da na'as gabט tɛŋsטg diib la ka ye li anɛ zanbin kanɛ pa'al nyɔvטr kanɛ kaae naare.<ref name=":3" /> Egyptian dim la da la'am mɔr gabט mumi ba kum ban da di kaseta ye ba nyɛ ka gabט la Ramesses IV nifin.<ref>Abdel-Maksouda, Gomaa, El-Aminb, Abdel-Rahman (2011). "[http://www.maajournal.com/Issues/2011/pdf/Maksoud.pdf A review on the materials used during the mummification process in ancient Egypt]" (PDF). ''Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry''. '''11''' (2): 129–150. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140308070536/http://www.maajournal.com/Issues/2011/pdf/Maksoud.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2013.</ref> Pliny kanɛ da an yiiga kpɛɛm bɛ first century AD la da sɔbi pa'al gabט nɛ cabbage tטטma an siem bɛ Pompeii. O da sɔbi pa'al Roman dimi tis gabט sida siem ye li mɔri ti'ebid nini wiim, ka mɛ lɛm sטŋid gbɛɛm, nɛ dinɛ wטsa anɛ nɔɔrin fɛn'ɛd nɛ baa na dטm sɔ', lumbago, nɛ hali la'am nɛ dysentery. chaeologists vɛɛnsid Pompeii saŋa bɛdigט its 79 AD volcanic burial la ya'aŋ ba da nyɛ labטn'ɔg nwɛnɛ Pliny da pa'al siem la tituaa. Amaa fט labaar kanɛ ka ba da paam da fifth/sixth century AD bɛ authorial aegis of "Apicius" saŋa la (yɛl ye di anɛ gourmet) roman dim la da mɔr gabט nam la ba diib namin saŋa bɛdigט ni.<ref name=":3" /> Age of Discovery saŋa la, European dim banɛ da dɛŋim bɛ Columbian exchange lada mɔr gabט keŋ North America. Ba da nyɛ ''Allium tricoccum'' kanɛ nwɛnɛ gabט ka mɔr dit bɛdigט bɛ Native American gastronomy.<ref name=":1" /> Fט ya'a gɔs yiiga English colonists dim la sɔb sieli digil la pa'al ye gabט pטטgin diib la ka Pilgrim fathers la da nɔki li bטt bɛ North America.<ref name=":3" /> Yטטm tusir, kɔbisnii nɛ pisnii nɛ atan' (1883) nɛ yטטm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisntan' nɛ awai (1939) la teŋsטk la ka United States dim la da ma'a ye ba ye ba maalnɛ sielnam bam piswai nɛ ayɔpɔi (97) ka li sטŋ gabט nɔbigir ka li sטŋ ka di tטטma la kɛŋ sטm.<ref>Gripshover MM, Bell TL (Spring 2012). "Patently Good Ideas: Innovations and Inventions in U.S. Onion Farming, 1883–1939". ''Material Culture''. '''44''' (1): 1–30. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23145818 JSTOR 23145818].</ref> == Tטטma == === Culinary === '''Gɔsim ya'as:''' Gabט nam buudi [[File:Frying onion.JPG|thumb|right|[[Sautéing]] onions]] ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[Category:Zɛɛnd]] qryl1td0chd6e716hkpq5vhen4352bt 14953 14952 2025-06-20T10:24:18Z Frank Awini Abugri 162 I added text 14953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q3406628}} '''Gabʋ'''/ '''Gɛɛn'''/ '''Alabasa''' Anɛ zɛnma’asa buudi kanɛ ka nidib bɛdigʋ kuodi li. Shallot anɛ na’asaabuulug yinne kanɛ ka ba da gɛligi li ye o anɛ o kɔn hali ti paae 2011. Gabʋ la mabiis la sieba anɛ garlic, scallion, leek nɛ chieves. Ba gbin la mɔr buudi nam kɔn’ɔb-kɔn’ɔb ka ba buonɛ ba ye gabʋnam ka kuodi ba mɔri maan diib, ba anɛ Japanese bunching onion Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, nɛ Canada onion Allium canadense la. Yʋ’ʋr mɔɔgin gabʋ la mɔri buon gabʋ buudi bɛdigʋ, amaa cepaanɛ dinɛ bɛ li kɔn ka ti pʋm o bʋdʋbin. Ti pʋ nyaŋi baŋ li pin’ilʋg Gabʋ dinɛ ka Latin dim buon ye (Allium cepa L.Tooltip Carl Linnaeus, from Latin cepa), ka mɛ buon ye gab gbilʋg bɛɛ gabna'ana anɛ tivaand nyɛ'ɛlim kanɛ dit ka nyusid zan'ezan'e. Ka ba kuodi li buudi kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb ka li anɛ Allium gabʋ buudi. Ka gab gbil nyɛ'ɛlim  la  da pɛ'ɛs nɛ gab nyɛ'lima buud sieba ni  hali ti paae yʋʋm 2011.Gabʋ kpin nɛ sieba paa anɛ garlic, scallion, leek, nɛ chives.   Ba wʋsa mɔrnɛ buudi kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb amaa ti yiti ye di anɛ gabʋ nɛ diib banɛ ka kuod wʋʋ Japanese bunching gabʋ nyu'sa wʋʋ  Allium fistulosum, the tree onion Allium × proliferum, nɛ Canada gabʋ nyu'sa Allium canadense. Mɔɔgʋn gabʋ la anɛ  gab nyu'usa kɔn'ɔb kɔn'ɔb banɛ bɛ. Amaa  A. cepa lɛɛ baŋid nɛ o kuobin. Di anɛ kudimɛn mɔɔgin bʋn sʋŋ  kanɛ yʋ'ʋn ba'a nya'a teŋ sieba.Gabʋ yiti taa anɛ  biennial bɛɛ perennial tivaand amaa gɔsidi ka kuodi li yʋʋm yʋʋm ka vɔɔndi li saŋa kanɛ nar. Gab vaand la niŋgbiŋ si'im anɛ dɛn'ɛm-bʋlʋ ka mɔr vɔn baanlʋg di ni.ka di nyɛ'ɛlim la bɛ di vaan'ʋg la gbinin bɛɛ teŋir. Ba yiti dɛŋ nɛ Waal zɛnbiis la ka yaan vɔn tɔɔm maal paalʋ sʋŋa ka sɛ ba. Ba ya'a ti pin'il nyɛ'ɛb ka nintaŋ nwɛ'ɛd,  fʋ na nyɛ ba gbina la niŋid  bɛda bɛda ka ba teŋir vaand la pin'ili sʋʋgʋd  ka vanpaala busid ti paae nyɛ'ɛb bɛn ka vaand la wʋsa yʋ'ʋn kʋdig. Saŋa kan la fʋ ya'a pʋ vɔn baa bʋnvʋya banɛ sa'amid gabʋ la tʋn'ɔɛ daamɛ ba. Ti mɔr tampɔɔs banɛ samid gabʋ nɛ bʋnvʋya banɛ na tʋn'ɔɛ kɛ ka gabʋ la pʋn'ɔɛ . Gabʋ buudi wʋʋ A.cepa la sieba na tʋn'ɔɛ nyɛ'ɛ gaad gab gbil yinnɛ nwɛnɛ shallot nam nɛ dankal gabʋ la nɛ. Ba kuod ka mɔr gabʋ tum zin'is bɛdigʋ dunia wʋsa ni.Nwɛnɛ din pʋn an' diib bʋn laa, ba tʋn'ɔɛ  nɔki li kansa la sɛ gɛndig diibin wʋʋ zɛnvaand nɛ. Ba mɛ tʋn'ɔɛ nɔki dʋg diib mɛn. Fʋ ya'a waansid bɛɛ sɛɛd , li mɔr zɛɛnsim sia kanɛ na tʋn'ɔɛ kpɛn nini ni. == Buudi nɛ din yi zin'isi'a == Gabʋ tiig la (''Allium cepa''), ka ba buon ye Alabasa<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409114https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=409114 "''Allium cepa'' var. ''cepa''"]. ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Networkhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Servicehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 10 December 2017.</ref> bɛɛ gɛɛn,<ref name=":4">[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 9–10.</ref> anɛ Allium buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod hali''.''<ref>Eric Block, "Garlic and Other ''Alliums'': The Lore and the Science" (Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010)</ref><ref>Brewster JL (1994). ''Onions and other vegetable'' Alliums (1st ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 16. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85198-753-8|978-0-85198-753-8]]</bdi>.</ref> Carl Linnaeus da pa’al lin an si’em bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisnu nɛ atan’ ni (1753) tʋʋmkanɛ ka o da pʋdi li yʋ’ʋr ye ''Species Plantarum''.<ref>Linnaeus C (1753). ''[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358281 Species Plantarum]'' (in Latin). Vol. 1. Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p. 262. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180616061629/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358281 Archived] from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.</ref> Li wannim si’eba pin’ilig sa anɛ:<ref name=":5">[[:en:Natural_Resources_Conservation_Servicev|NRCS]]. [https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ALCE "''Allium cepa''"]. ''PLANTS Database''. [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]] (USDA). Retrieved 31 March 2013.</ref><ref name=":6">[https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42720 "''Allium cepa'' L."] [[:en:Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]. Retrieved 1 April 2013.</ref> ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'' – G. Don ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''bulbiferum'' – Regel ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''cepa'' – Linnaeus ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''multiplicans'' – L.H. Bailey ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''proliferum'' – (Moench) Regel ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''solaninum'' – Alef ·        ''Allium cepa'' var. ''viviparum'' – (Metz) Mansf.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> ''A. cepa'' anɛ buudkanɛ ka ba kuod,<ref>McNeal DW Jr, Jacobsen TD (2002). [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027457http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027457 "''Allium cepa''"]. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). ''[http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)]''. Vol. 26. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, [[:en:Missouri_Botanical_Gardenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden|Missouri Botanical Garden]], St. Louis, MO & [[:en:Harvard_University_Herbaria|Harvard University Herbaria]], Cambridge, MA.</ref> amaa ba mɔɔgin bʋnam bɛ Central Asia nɛ Iran. Buudkanɛ wan paa anɛ ''A. vavilovii'' linɛ bɛ Turkmenistan nɛ ''A. asarense'' linɛ bɛ Iran.<ref>Grubben, G.J.H.; Denton, O.A. (2004) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen; Backhuys, Leiden; CTA, Wageningen.</ref><ref>Zohary D, Hopf M (2000). ''Domestication of plants in the Old World'' (Third ed.). Oxford: [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press]]. p. 198. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-850357-6|978-0-19-850357-6]]</bdi>.</ref> Buudi kanɛ an ''Allium'' la ni ka gabʋ buudi la bɛ ka ba kuodi maan diib, wan wʋʋ Japanese gabʋ (''A. fistulosum''), Egyptian gabʋ (''A.  × proliferum''), nɛ Canada gabʋ (''A. canadense'').<ref name=":4" /> Buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod ka ''A. cepa'' paas nɛ gabʋ buudi ni (''A. cepa'' var. ''cepa'') ka ba buon giŋa ye gɛɛn. Aggregatum buudi banɛ ka ba kuod (''A. cepa'' var. ''aggregatum'') si’eba anɛ shallots,<ref name=":7">[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 20–21</ref> ba da la’asid din buudi nɛ di kɔn’,<ref>[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=2244 "''Allium cepa''"]. ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 20 August 2010.</ref><ref>[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], p. 21.</ref> nɛ potato onions.<ref name=":7" /> Buud banɛ wan si’eba anɛ garlic, leek, nɛ chives.<ref>Block E (2010). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science]''. Royal Society of Chemistry. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-85404-190-9|978-0-85404-190-9]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801202704/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Archived] from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref> ''Cepa'' anɛ yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba tis "gabʋ"; di buudi yʋ’ʋri an ''Allium'' ka linɛ an Latin yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba tis garlic.<ref>[https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282056https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=282056 "Allium cepa - Plant Finder"]. ''www.missouribotanicalgarden.org''. Retrieved 6 October 2024.</ref> di wan Spanish: ''cebolla'', Italian: ''cipolla'', Polish: ''cebula'', nɛ German ''Zwiebel'' (kisig san’am nwa’). Na’asaal buudi pian’ad "chive" yinɛ Old French ''chive'', ka lin mɛ yi ''cepa''.<ref>[https://www.etymonline.com/word/onion "chive (n.)"]. ''Online Etymological Dictionary''. Retrieved 8 October 2024.</ref> == Pa’alʋg == Gabʋ la anɛ yʋma ayi bumbʋtir amaa ba kuod o nɛ yʋʋm-yʋʋm. zʋmaʋŋ kaŋa gabʋ la nat tun’e nɔbʋg wa’alim wʋʋ 15 to 45 cm (6 to 18 in). ba viand la anɛ dɛn’ɛnɛ sɔbʋg ka  li lua yinne anɛ lammir ka li an baanlif-wɔkʋ ka gbirib bi’el-bi’el ka li pʋʋgin la mɔr vɔɔsim ka vaang wʋsa gɔl l pʋlʋm. vaang wʋsa teŋir la tɔ’ɔŋod nɛ til la anɛ lammiri pielli ka ɛɛnti nɔbigidi naamid bul la pʋʋgʋ yit na. til la teŋir la s aka nya’a la busidi ba’ad teŋin. Gabʋ la nɔbigid la wʋsa ka viand la ku’om la siligidi la’asid gbinin la ka gbin la nɔbid liebid buntita’ar.<ref name=":0">Brickell C, ed. (1992). ''The Royal Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Gardening''. Dorling Kindersley. p. 345. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-86318-979-1|<bdi>978-0-86318-979-1</bdi>.]]</ref> Li na ti paae saŋa sia, ka vaand la wʋsa na pin’ili kpiid yinne-yinne ka gbin la mɛŋ agɔl pa’ad la kʋdʋg ka pin’ili pigisid, fʋ na nyɛ ka ba  vɔɔn ba. Ba ya’a basi ba titanin la ti paae waad saŋa, fʋ na nyɛ ka nyɛ’ɛlimnam la pin’ili tɔɔnd zut yitna wɔkʋ ka vanpaala pin’ili yit kʋkpɛŋ na. zut la na nɔbigi agɔl ka mɔr paanrʋŋ ka li ligil zut la mɛŋ. Zut la ɛnti anɛ gbila-gbila ka pidig puum an piela-piela. Li ya’a wɛl, li biili la anɛanwa ma’ad-ma’adi gbila-gbila.<ref name=":0" /> gabʋ nyɛ’ɛlim bɛdim anɛ wʋʋ 5.5.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121224184605/http://www.foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf Approximate pH Values of Common Foods and Ingredients]" (PDF). ''Wisconsin Food Safety and Health''. Archived from [https://foodsafety.wisc.edu/business_food/files/Approximate_pH.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</ref>     <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180> File:ARS red onion.jpg|Roots, leaves and developing bulb File:Onion Flower Bangladesh.jpg|Inflorescence with flower buds File:Onion seed.jpg|Seeds </gallery> == Labakʋda == [[File:An onion, woodcut, 1547 Wellcome L0029214.jpg|thumb|upright|Medieval woodcut print of an onion, from ''[[Hortus Sanitatis]]'' (1547)]] Ninsaalibi baŋ ka gaŋ gabʋ pin’ili kuodi li wʋʋ yʋma 7,000 nwa.<ref>Anastassakis K (2022). "[https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54 Allium Cepa (Red Onion])". ''Androgenetic Alopecia From A to Z''. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 465–469. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54|10.1007/978-3-031-08057-9_54.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-031-08056-2|<bdi>978-3-031-08056-2</bdi>.]] Retrieved 6 June 2024.</ref> Sɔ pʋ maligim baŋ gabʋ pin’il zin’isia na vikkii. Kʋdʋmin sa labaya pa’al ye gabʋ diib da naamnɛ eastern nɛ western Asia na.<ref name=":1">Cumo C (2015). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WqfACQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 Onion. In: Foods that Changed History: How Foods Shaped Civilization from the Ancient World to the Present]''. ABC-CLIO LLC (American Bibliographic Center, CLIO Press). pp. 248–250. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781440835377|9781440835377]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210204030543/https://books.google.com/books?id=WqfACQAAQBAJ&pg=PA248 Archived] from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref><ref name=":2">Ansari NA (2007). "[http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0712/MERJPSB_1(1&2)/MERJPSB_1(2)26-38o.pdf Onion Cultivation and Production in Iran]" (PDF). ''Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology''. '''1''' (2): 26–38. [http://www.globalsciencebooks.info/Online/GSBOnline/images/0712/MERJPSB_1(1&2)/MERJPSB_1(2)26-38o.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 22 April 2022 – via Global Science Books. <q>Onion originated in Iran and its neighboring countries (Hanelt 1990).</q></ref> Li bʋdʋb la da na pin’ilnɛ yi West bɛɛ Central Asia.<ref>[[:en:Onion#CITEREFFritsch2002|Fritsch 2002]], pp. 20–21.</ref><ref name=":3">"[https://www.onions-usa.org/all-about-onions/history-of-onions History of onions]". US National Onion Association, Greeley, CO. 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170624120840/https://www.onions-usa.org/all-about-onions/history-of-onions Archived] from the original on 24 June 2017. Retrieved 23 January 2017.</ref> Ba pa’al zin’is babʋga ka li anɛ ye gabʋ yinɛ Iran, western Pakistan nɛ western Asia na.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>Block E (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC ''Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science''.] Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 5–6. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780854041909|9780854041909]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200801202704/https://books.google.com/books?id=6AB89RHV9ucC Archived] from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</ref> gabʋ buudkanɛ ka ba buon ye allium fistulosum nɛ Allium tubarosum la, ba pin’ili di kuob bɛ China nɛ zʋʋd sieba wʋʋ zɛnma’asa, bielim nɛ tiwɛla nɛ 6,000 BC.<ref>Veeck G, Pannell CW (2021). "9. Agriculture: From Antiquity to Revolution to Reform. Early Farming Traditions". ''China's Geography'' (4th ed.). Lanham, Boulder, New York, London: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 235. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[9781538140796]]</bdi>.</ref> Recipes sieba da mɔr gabט tטm nɛ ''Allium'' species la da anɛ dinɛ ka ba da nyɛ li bɛ cuneiform sɔb ni ka ba sɔbi li niŋ dinɛ ka ba nɔk ya'adi ya'abi li bɛ yטטm-pט-kטdigin Mesopotamia, yטטm tusa ayi 2000 BC la ni. ya'ad dinɛ li da sɔbi niŋi di pטטgin la da bɛni sakur tita'ar kani ka ba buon yee Yale University's Babylonian collection.<ref name=":8">"[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-30549150 Three cheers for the onion]". [[:en:BBC|BBC]]. 4 January 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2024.</ref> Assyriologist la nɛ "gourmet cook"<ref name=":8" /> Jean Bottero yɛl "a cuisine of striking richness, refinement, sophistication and artistry".<ref name=":8" /> Yטטm-pט-kטdigin Ancient Egyptians la da na'as gabט tɛŋsטg diib la ka ye li anɛ zanbin kanɛ pa'al nyɔvטr kanɛ kaae naare.<ref name=":3" /> Egyptian dim la da la'am mɔr gabט mumi ba kum ban da di kaseta ye ba nyɛ ka gabט la Ramesses IV nifin.<ref>Abdel-Maksouda, Gomaa, El-Aminb, Abdel-Rahman (2011). "[http://www.maajournal.com/Issues/2011/pdf/Maksoud.pdf A review on the materials used during the mummification process in ancient Egypt]" (PDF). ''Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry''. '''11''' (2): 129–150. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140308070536/http://www.maajournal.com/Issues/2011/pdf/Maksoud.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2013.</ref> Pliny kanɛ da an yiiga kpɛɛm bɛ first century AD la da sɔbi pa'al gabט nɛ cabbage tטטma an siem bɛ Pompeii. O da sɔbi pa'al Roman dimi tis gabט sida siem ye li mɔri ti'ebid nini wiim, ka mɛ lɛm sטŋid gbɛɛm, nɛ dinɛ wטsa anɛ nɔɔrin fɛn'ɛd nɛ baa na dטm sɔ', lumbago, nɛ hali la'am nɛ dysentery. chaeologists vɛɛnsid Pompeii saŋa bɛdigט its 79 AD volcanic burial la ya'aŋ ba da nyɛ labטn'ɔg nwɛnɛ Pliny da pa'al siem la tituaa. Amaa fט labaar kanɛ ka ba da paam da fifth/sixth century AD bɛ authorial aegis of "Apicius" saŋa la (yɛl ye di anɛ gourmet) roman dim la da mɔr gabט nam la ba diib namin saŋa bɛdigט ni.<ref name=":3" /> Age of Discovery saŋa la, European dim banɛ da dɛŋim bɛ Columbian exchange lada mɔr gabט keŋ North America. Ba da nyɛ ''Allium tricoccum'' kanɛ nwɛnɛ gabט ka mɔr dit bɛdigט bɛ Native American gastronomy.<ref name=":1" /> Fט ya'a gɔs yiiga English colonists dim la sɔb sieli digil la pa'al ye gabט pטטgin diib la ka Pilgrim fathers la da nɔki li bטt bɛ North America.<ref name=":3" /> Yטטm tusir, kɔbisnii nɛ pisnii nɛ atan' (1883) nɛ yטטm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisntan' nɛ awai (1939) la teŋsטk la ka United States dim la da ma'a ye ba ye ba maalnɛ sielnam bam piswai nɛ ayɔpɔi (97) ka li sטŋ gabט nɔbigir ka li sטŋ ka di tטטma la kɛŋ sטm.<ref>Gripshover MM, Bell TL (Spring 2012). "Patently Good Ideas: Innovations and Inventions in U.S. Onion Farming, 1883–1939". ''Material Culture''. '''44''' (1): 1–30. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23145818 JSTOR 23145818].</ref> == Tטטma == === Culinary === '''Gɔsim ya'as:''' Gabט nam buudi [[File:Frying onion.JPG|thumb|right|[[Sautéing]] onions]] Ti mɔr gabט nam buudi la atan' nɛ ba sin'im ka ba mɔr dטgid: ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[Category:Zɛɛnd]] kb6ixf6iphexp87rubobftmb9bm1v0f