Wikipiidia kuswiki https://kus.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zug_lakir MediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.6 first-letter Miidia Lakir kanɛ bɛ di kɔn Sɔnsʋg zin'ig Tʋmtʋm Tʋmtʋm sɔnsʋg zin'ig Wikipiidia Wikipiidia sɔnsʋg zin'ig Faal Faal sɔnsʋg zin'ig MiidiaWiki MiidiaWiki sɔnsʋg zin'ig Tɛmpilet Tɛmpilet sɔnsʋg zin'ig Sʋŋir zin'ig Sʋŋir sɔnsʋg zin'ig Bɛn Bɛn sɔnsʋg zin'ig TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk 0 309 14977 14847 2025-06-21T19:53:07Z Dcljr 7 Undo revision [[Special:Diff/14847|14847]] by [[Special:Contributions/46.154.79.243|46.154.79.243]] ([[User talk:46.154.79.243|talk]]) -- looks like advertising to me 14977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q398417}} '''Ashanti Region''' bɛnɛ Ya-dagɔbʋg [[Ghana|Ghana]] sʋ’ʋlim ka paas atan’ daan region piinɛ ayuobʋ la banɛ zu’oe gati ba taaba ni. Li labisim anɛ wʋʋ 24,389 km² (9,417 sq mi) dinɛ an piiga nɛ du’ali ayi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (10.2 percent) Ghana tɛŋgbaʋŋ wʋsa ni. Di ya’a lɛn anɛ tɛŋ kanɛ ka nidib zu’oe, region la mɔr nidibi gaad baɛ kpɛlim la wʋsa, li mɔr nidib wʋʋ 4,780,380, lin yinɛ yʋʋm tusayi’ nɛ piinɛ yinnɛ ka ba da kaanl [[Ghana|Ghana]] dim wʋsa la. Nidib piinɛ awai nɛ du’ali anaasi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (19.4%) da bɛ region kan ni. Ashanti Region yʋ’ʋr yiya nɛ ba sanlima nɛ kooko tʋʋma la yɛla. Di anɛ tɛnkanɛ zu’oe ka li tɛmpʋtita’ar an [[Kumasi|Kumasi]]. == Din bɛ zin’isi’a == '''Zin’ig nɛ labisim''' Ashanti Region bɛnɛ [[Ghana|Ghana]] tensʋg. Di bɛnɛ longitudes 0.15W nɛ 2.25W sʋʋgʋn ka mɛ bɛ latitudes 5.50N nɛ 7.46N. Region la tɔtnɛ nɛ region nam ayuobʋ, [[Bono Region|Bono]], [[Bono East Region|Bono East]] nɛ [[Ahafo region|Ahafo Regions]] banɛ bɛ Ya-datiʋŋ, [[Eastern Region|Eastern region]] bɛ Ya-nya’aŋ, [[Central Region|Central region]] bɛ Ya-nya’aŋ nɛ [[Western Region|Western region]] South west. Region la pʋnɛ district nam pisi nɛ ayɔpɔi (27), ka ba wʋsa mɔr District Chief Executive nam. == Zin’ivɛnlla == '''Park nam''' * Bobiri Forest Butterfly Sanctuary * Bomfobiri Wildlife Sanctuary * Digya National Park * Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve * Owabi Forest Reserve and Bird Sanctuary * Recreation area nam * Centre for National Culture * Rattray Park '''Historic site nam''' * [[Komfo Anokye Sword site]] * [[Manhyia Palace Museum]] * Kumasi Fort and Military Museum * Armed Forces Museum * The Prempeh II Jubilee Museum * The Asante Traditional Buildings * Yaa Asantewaa Museum == Malima == Malima bɛdegʋ ka ba maan region la ni, ka banɛ nyɛ yʋ’ʋr anɛ Akwasidae nɛ Adae Kese. Malima bama anɛ Kambʋmis bʋʋdi la maan ka Ashanti mɛ paasi ba pʋʋgin. Ba maan malima lanɛ ye ba tien tuongatib nɛ nintitada banɛ lɛn kae dunia ya’asɛ. Baa ban lɛn kae dunia la, nidib la siak ye ba siis nan vʋi ka gɔsid banɛ vʋi la, nɛ ba tʋʋma ka mɛ lɛn nwɛ’ɛdi ba suora Adae malima la ni. * Papa Festival * Kente Festival * [[Yaa Asantewaa Festival]] * Mmoa Nni Nko Festival * Nkyidwo Festival '''Zin’ivɛlla sieba''' * [[Kejetia Market]] * Patakro shrine * Adinkra cloth printing in Ntonso * Adanwomase Kente Village * [[Bonwire Kente Village]] * Ahwiaa Woodcarving Village == Buudi banɛ bɛ ani == '''Nidib kal''' Nidib banɛ bɛ Ashanti Region la bɛdegʋ bɛnɛ Kumasi Metropolitan District. Yʋʋm tusayi’ la nidib kaalʋg saŋa la, region la da mɔr nidib 3,612,950, ka li pa’al ye region la teŋgbaŋi zu’oe si’em la (148.1 per square km) pʋ paae [[Central Region|Central region]] (an162.2/km²) la.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100828113312/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&sa=8</ref> Ashanti region nidib la tita’am yinɛ Akan bʋʋdi la ni ka an [[Ghana|Ghana]] nidib du’am pʋʋgin (94.2%) ka 5% an teŋ sia dimi kilim [[Ghana|Ghana]] dim yʋ’ʋs. Nidib bi’ela wʋʋ (5.8%) banɛ bɛ Ashanti ka’ teŋ kan bɛɛ Akanland bɛɛ Ghana nidiba, 3.7% yinɛ tɛɛns anu’ banɛ pin’ad na’asaal ka bɛ ECOWAS ka 2.1% mɛ yi ninsabilis tɛɛns sieba. Nidib banɛ bɛ anina kae ninsabilis tɛŋ nidib la anɛ 1.8% banɛ bɛ region la ni la wʋsa. Akans bʋʋdi la zuoe region la ni, ban anɛ 94.2% dʋam pʋʋgin. Nidib bedego (82.9%) banɛ an Akan bʋʋdi la anɛ Ashantis.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200726100446/http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&sa=10</ref><ref>https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100828113236/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&sa=12</ref> == Suoya == Ashanti region mɔr Kumasi Airport, linɛ sʋŋid [[Ghana|Ghana]] sʋ’ʋlim suor kɛn. Suotitada anu’ (national highways) – N4, N6, N8, N10 and N6 – nɛ regional highways ka ba sieba an R52 nɛ R106 linɛ bɛ tis suokɛnnib. N6 pal tita’ar la tɔ’ɔŋ nɛ Kumasi dɔlis Kwame Nkrumah Circle nɛ Nsawam nɛ N4 kɛŋ paae Accra. Region la tɔ’ɔŋ nɛ [[Central Region|Central Region]] yinɛ N8 nɛ N10, babayi’ la yinɛ Yemoransa linɛ bɛ [[Central Region|Central Region]] la. N10, tɔ’ɔŋ nɛ region la tɛŋpʋtita’ar linɛ an Kumasi la. == Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg == '''Senior high school nam''' * Tweneboah Kodua Secondary School- Akyerema(TKSS) * Dadease Senior High School, Dadease * Akomadan Senior High School, Akomadan * Dompoase Senior High School, Dompoasi * Afia Kobi Ampem Girls (Royal AKAGSHS) * Adanwomase SENIOR High School (ADASS) * Agogo State College, Agogo Asante-Akyem * Agona SDA Senior High School, Agona * Anglican Senior High School, Kumasi * Asanteman School (Real Assas) * Bankoman Senior High School, Banko<ref>https://ges.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/SHSTVET_SCHOOLS.pdf</ref> * Osei Tutu Senior High School (OT) * Bekwai SDA Senior High School * Ghana Armed Forces Secondary Technical School, Kumasi * Beposo Senior High School, Beposo * Collins Secondary Commercial School, Agog o Asante-Akyem * Effiduase Senior High School, Effiduase * Ejisuman Senior High School, Ejisu * Ejuraman Senior High School, Ejura * Fomena T.I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, Adansi Fomena * Jachie-Pramso Senior High School (Ka di yʋ’ʋr da an MIGHTY JAPASS) * Komfo Anokye Senior High School, Wiamoase * Kumasi Academy, Asokore-Mampong, Kumasi * Kumasi Girls' Senior High School * Kumasi Wesley Girls High School * Kumasi High School * Obuasi Secondary Technical School (O.S.T.S) * Wesley Senior High School (WEHIS), Bekwai * Adventist Senior High School (ADASS), Bantama * Ofoase Kokoben Senior High School (OFKOSS) * Adventist Girls Senior High School (ADGISS), Ntonso * Opoku Ware Secondary School, Kumasi. * St. Louis Senior High School, Oduom * Nkawie Secondary Technical School. * Oppong Memorial Senior High School. * Osei Kyeretwie Senior High School, Kumasi. * Prempeh College, Kumasi. * Prince of Peace Girls Senior High School, South Suntreso, Kumasi. * Simms Senior High School, Fawoade * Bonwire Senior High Tech. School. * St Joseph Senior High School (Ehuren) * St. Monica's Senior High School, Mampong * Amaniampong Senior High School, Mampong * T.I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, Kumasi * T.I. Ahmadiyya Girls' Senior High School, Asokore * Kumasi Technical Institute, Kumasi (KTI) * Jacobu Senior High School, Jacobu * Juaben Senior High School, Juaben * Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior High School, Tanoso * Kumasi Senior High Technical School (K.S.T.S), * Tepa Senior High School, Tepa. (GREAT TESS). * Mabang Senior High School, Mabang. * Aduman Senior High School, (Admass) Aduman * Dwamena Akenten Senior High School, (DASS) Offinso * Konongo-Odumasi Senior High School * Al-Azhariya Islamic Senior High School (AZASS) Old tafo_Kumasi * Islamic Senior High School (I-Sec) Abrepo Sakur titada Ashanti region mɔr gɔmena universities nam atan’. A’sʋ’ʋm-mɛŋ universities nɛ colleges nam zuoe region region la pʋʋgin. '''University nam''' * [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi]] * Ghana Baptist University College, Kumasi * Spiritan University College, Ejisu * Garden City University College, Kenyasi, Kumasi * Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development (formerly Kumasi Campus of University of Education, Winneba) * National Institute Of Information Technology, Kumasi Campus NIIT. * Kumasi Technical University, K-Poly * IPMC, Kumasi Campus * Akrokerri College of Education * St. Monica's College of Education, Mampong * Christian Service University College, Odeneho Kwadaso * Wesley College of Education * St. Louis College of Education * Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development (formerly Mampong Campus of University of Education, Winneba) * Mampong Technical College of Education (MAMTECH) * S.D.A. College of Education, Agona == Nimma’asim yɛla == * Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital * Manhyia Hospital * Kwadaso SDA Hospital * Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital * [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] Hospital * Kumasi South Hospital * First care Hospital * Tafo Government Hospital * Suntreso Government Hospital * West End Hospital == Ninwisigir == * [[Baba Yara Sports Stadium|Baba Yara Stadium]] bɛnɛ Kumasi * [[Asante Kotoko Sporting Club|Kumasi Asante Kotoko]] * [[Ashanti Gold Sporting Club|Ashanti Gold SC]] * [[King Faisal Football Club|King Faisal Babies F.C.]] * [[New Edubiase United]] * Ba stadium anɛ [[Baba Yara Sports Stadium|Kumasi Sports Stadium]] == Din pʋ si’em == Region la tʋmmi li tʋʋma nɛ dɔlisid local government system. Ka lin an siem anɛ, region nam la pʋdʋg nɛ mɔr MMDA's ban pisnaasi nɛ atan’ (Metropolitan yinne, Municipal ban piiga nɛ anii nɛ Assemblies pisi nɛ anaasi).<ref>http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/1</ref> District, Municipal nɛ Metropolitan Assembly nam lal wʋsa kpɛɛm anɛ Chief Executive nɛ MP banɛ zie nɛ gɔmena nɔba zug amaa ka ba paŋ lɛɛ yinɛ Assembly linɛ ka li kpɛɛm an presiding member, ka Assembly members la mɛŋ da vɔɔti gaŋ. MMDA's la da nɔbigi yi piiga kɛŋ piiga nɛ anii yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋs wai nɛ pisnii nɛ anii la (1988); ka lɛn nɔbigi yi piiga nɛ anii kɛŋ paae pisi nɛ yinnɛ yʋʋm tusayi’ nɛ anaasi la (2004); ka lɛn nɔbigi yi pisi nɛ yinnɛ paae pisi nɛ ayɔpɔi yʋʋm tusayi’ nɛ anii la (2008); ka lɛn yi pisi nɛ ayɔpɔi la nii nɔbigi paae pistan’ yʋʋm tusayi’, piiga nɛ ayi la (2012); ka nɔbigi yi pistan’ paae pisnaasi nɛ atan’ yʋʋm tusayi’, piiga nɛ anii la (2018). Ban an siem nannanna nwa: {| class="wikitable" |'''District''' |'''Capital''' |'''Constituency''' |'''Member of Parliament''' |'''Party''' |- |Adansi Asokwa |Adansi Asokwa |Adansi-Asokwa |[[Kobina Tahir Hammond|Kobina Tahir Hammond]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Adansi North |Fomena |Fomena |[[Andrew Asiamah Amoako|Andrew Asiamah Amoako]] (Second Deputy Speaker) |[[IND]] |- |Adansi South |New Edubiase |New Edubease |[[Adams Abdul Salam|Adams Abdul Salam]] |[[National Democratic Congress (NDC)|NDC]] |- |Afigya Kwabre North |Boamang |Afigya Kwabre North |[[Collins Adomako-Mensah|Collins Adomako-Mensah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Afigya Kwabre South |Kodie |Afigya Kwabre South |[[William Owuraku Aidoo|William Owuraku Aidoo]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Ahafo Ano North Municipal |Tepa |Ahafo Ano North |[[Suleman Adamu Sanid|Suleman Adamu Sanid]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Ahafo Ano South East |Dwinyame / Adugyama |Ahafo Ano South East |[[Francis Manu-Adabor|Francis Manu-Adoabor]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Ahafo Ano South West |Mankranso |Ahafo Ano South West |[[Johnson Kwaku Adu|Kwaku Adu Johnson]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Akrofuom |Akrofuom |Akrofuom |[[Alex Blankson|Alex Blankson]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Amansie Central |Jacobu |Odotobri |[[Emmanuel Akwasi Gyamfi|Emmanuel Akwasi Gyamfi]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Amansie West |Manso Nkwanta |Manso Nkwanta |[[George Takyi|George Kwabena Obeng Takyi]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Amansie South |Manso Adubia |Manso Edubia |[[Frimpong Yaw Addo|Frimpong Yaw Addo]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Asante Akim Central Municipal |Konongo |Asante Akim Central |[[Kwame Anyimadu Antwi|Kwame Anyimadu - Antwi]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Asante Akim North |Agogo |Asante Akim North |[[Andy Kwame Appiah-Kubi|Andy Kwame Appiah-Kubi]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Asante Akim South Municipal |Juaso |Asante Akim South |[[Kwaku Asante-Boateng|Kwaku Asante-Boateng]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Asokore Mampong |Asokore Mampong |Asawase |[[Muntaka Mohammed Mubarak|Muntaka Mohammed Mubarak]](Minority Chief Whip) |[[National Democratic Congress (NDC)|NDC]] |- |Asokwa Municipal |Asokwa |Asokwa |[[Patricia Appiagyei|Patricia Appiagyei]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Atwima Kwanwoma |Twedie |Atwima-Kwanwoma |[[Kofi Amankwa-Manu|Kofi Amankwa-Manu]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Atwima Mponua |Nyinahin |Atwima Mponua |[[Isaac Kwame Asiamah|Isaac Kwame Asiamah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Atwima Nwabiagya Municipal |Nkawie |Atwima-Nwabiagya South |[[Benito Owusu Bio|Benito Owusu Bio]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Atwima Nwabiagya North |Barekese |Atwima-Nwabiagya North |[[Emmanuel Adjei Anhwere|Emmanuel Adjei Anhwere]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Bekwai Municipal |Bekwai |Bekwai |[[Joseph Osei Owusu|Joseph Osei-Owusu(First Deputy]] Speaker) |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Bosome Freho |Asiwa |Bosome-Freho |[[Akwasi Boateng|Akwasi Darko Boateng]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Bosomtwe |Kuntanse |Bosomtwe |[[Yaw Osei Adutwum|Yaw Osei Adutwum]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Ejisu Municipal |Ejisu |Ejisu |[[John Kumah|John Ampotuah Kumah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Ejura Sekyedumase Municipal |Ejura |Ejura-Sekyedumase |[[Muhammad Bawah Braimah|Muhammad Bawah Braimah]] |[[National Democratic Congress (NDC)|NDC]] |- |Juaben Municipal |Juaben |Juaben |[[Ama Pomaa Boateng|Ama Pomaa Boateng]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- | rowspan="5" |Kumasi Metropolitan | rowspan="5" |Kumasi |Bantama |[[Francis Asenso-Boakye|Francis Asenso -Boakye]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Manhyia North |[[Akwasi Konadu|Akwasi Konadu]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Manhyia South |[[Matthew Opoku Prempeh|Matthew Opoku Prempeh]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Nhyiaeso |[[Stephen Amoah|Stephen Amoah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Subin |[[Eugene Boakye Antwi|Eugene Boakye Antwi]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Kwabre East Municipal |Mamponteng |Kwabre East |[[Francisca Oteng-Mensah|Francisca Oteng Mensah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Kwadaso Municipal |Kwadaso |Kwadaso |[[Kingsley Nyarko|Kingsley Nyarko]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Mampong Municipal |Mampong |Mampong |[[Kwaku Ampratwum-Sarpong|Kwaku Ampratwum-Sarpong]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Obuasi East Municipal |Tutuka |Obuasi East |[[Patrick Boakye-Yiadom|Patrick Boakye-Yiadom]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Obuasi Municipal |Obuasi |Obuasi West |[[Kwaku Kwarteng|Kwaku Agyemang Kwarteng]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Offinso Municipal |Offinso |Offinso South |[[Augustine Collins Ntim|Augustine Collins Ntim]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Offinso North |Akomadan |Offinso North |[[Isaac Yaw Opoku|Isaac Yaw Opoku]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Oforikrom Municipal |Oforikrom |Oforikrom |[[Emmanuel Marfo|Emmanuel Marfo]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Old Tafo Municipal |Old Tafo |Old Tafo |[[Vincent Ekow Assafuah|Vincent Ekow Assafuah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Sekyere Afram Plains |Drobonso |Sekyere Afram Plains |[[Alex Adomako-Mensah|Alex Adomako-Mensah]] |[[National Democratic Congress (NDC)|NDC]] |- |Sekyere Central |Nsuta |Nsuta-Kwamang |[[Adelaide Ntim|Adelaide Ntim]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Sekyere East |Effiduase |Afigya Sekyere East |[[Mavis Nkansah Boadu|Mavis Nkansah Boadu]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Sekyere Kumawu |Kumawu |Kumawu |[[Philip Basoah|Philip Basoah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Sekyere South |Agona |Effiduase-Asokore |[[Nana Ayew Afriye|Nana Ayew Afriyie]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Suame Municipal |Suame |Suame |[[Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu|Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu]]<ref>https://www.parliament.gh/mps?leadership</ref>(Majority Leader) |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |} == Nintitada banɛ yi ani == {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" |Famous native citizens of Ashanti |- |'''Citizen''' |'''Settlement''' |- |Maame Efya Nyarko |Ashanti, Ghana |- |Richmond Boakye |Agogo |- |Deborah Owusu-Bonsu |Pakyi no2 |- |Chelsea Sarpong |Ahenemaa Kokoben |- |[[Sulyman Ali Muntari|Sulley Muntari]] |Konongo |- |Sonia Ibrahim |Kumasi |- |Emmanuel Frimpong |Kumasi |- |[[Kofi Anan|Kofi Annan]] |Kumasi |- |[[John Agyekum Akufuor|John Kufuor]] |Kumasi |- |Isaac Vorsah |Kumasi |- |Juliet Ibrahim |Kumasi |- |Sam Jonah |Obuasi |- |Rhian Benson |Kumasi |- |[[Samuel Kuffour]] |Kumasi |- |Tony Yeboah |Kumasi |- |Kwadwo Asamoah |Kumasi |- |Maxwell Konadu |Kumasi |- |Harrison Afful |Kumasi |- |Quincy Owusu-Abeyie |Kumasi |- |[[Kevin-Prince Boateng]] |Kumasi |- |Kofi Kingston |Kumasi |} Ba sieba lɛn anɛ; * General I. K Acheampong * General Akwasi Amankwaa Afrifa * J.H. Frimpong-Ansah * Yaw Manu-Sarpong * Joseph Yaw Manu * Victor Owusu * Alhaji Ibrahim Kwabena Antwi * Abdul Karim Tanko Razak * Samuel Opoku-Nti * Kwasi Appiah * Bishop Obinim * Ohene Kakari * Chelsea Sarpong * Hannah Afriyie * Emmanuel Tuffour (Koora) * Gerald Asamoa * Maulvi Abdul Wahab Adam * Kojo Safo Kantanka * Daddy Lumba * Nana Ama McBrown * Sam Otis Brefo == Gbanvɛɛnsa == [[Category:7th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana]] 61zdolna2intvb8r9gutd6wtzow8mfj 14980 14977 2025-06-21T22:44:21Z 95.10.2.241 14980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q398417}} '''Ashanti Region''' bɛnɛ Ya-dagɔbʋg [[Ghana|Ghana]] sʋ’ʋlim ka paas atan’ daan region piinɛ ayuobʋ la banɛ zu’oe gati ba taaba ni. Li labisim anɛ wʋʋ 24,389 km² (9,417 sq mi) dinɛ an piiga nɛ du’ali ayi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (10.2 percent) Ghana tɛŋgbaʋŋ wʋsa ni. Di ya’a lɛn anɛ tɛŋ kanɛ ka nidib zu’oe, region la mɔr nidibi gaad baɛ kpɛlim la wʋsa, li mɔr nidib wʋʋ 4,780,380, lin yinɛ yʋʋm tusayi’ nɛ piinɛ yinnɛ ka ba da kaanl [[Ghana|Ghana]] dim wʋsa la. Nidib piinɛ awai nɛ du’ali anaasi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (19.4%) da bɛ region kan ni. Ashanti Region yʋ’ʋr yiya nɛ ba sanlima nɛ kooko tʋʋma la yɛla. Di anɛ tɛnkanɛ zu’oe ka li tɛmpʋtita’ar an [[Kumasi|Kumasi]]. == Din bɛ zin’isi’a == '''Zin’ig nɛ labisim''' Ashanti Region bɛnɛ [[Ghana|Ghana]] tensʋg. Di bɛnɛ longitudes 0.15W nɛ 2.25W sʋʋgʋn ka mɛ bɛ latitudes 5.50N nɛ 7.46N. Region la tɔtnɛ nɛ region nam ayuobʋ, [[Bono Region|Bono]], [[Bono East Region|Bono East]] nɛ [[Ahafo region|Ahafo Regions]] banɛ bɛ Ya-datiʋŋ, [[Eastern Region|Eastern region]] bɛ Ya-nya’aŋ, [[Central Region|Central region]] bɛ Ya-nya’aŋ nɛ [[Western Region|Western region]] South west. Region la pʋnɛ district nam pisi nɛ ayɔpɔi (27), ka ba wʋsa mɔr District Chief Executive nam. == Zin’ivɛnlla == '''Park nam''' * Bobiri Forest Butterfly Sanctuary * Bomfobiri Wildlife Sanctuary * Digya National Park * Kogyae Strict Nature Reserve * Owabi Forest Reserve and Bird Sanctuary * Recreation area nam * Centre for National Culture * Rattray Park '''Historic site nam''' * [[Komfo Anokye Sword site]] * [[Manhyia Palace Museum]] * Kumasi Fort and Military Museum * Armed Forces Museum * The Prempeh II Jubilee Museum * The Asante Traditional Buildings * Yaa Asantewaa Museum == Malima == Malima bɛdegʋ ka ba maan region la ni, ka banɛ nyɛ yʋ’ʋr anɛ Akwasidae nɛ Adae Kese. Malima bama anɛ Kambʋmis bʋʋdi la maan ka Ashanti mɛ paasi ba pʋʋgin. Ba maan malima lanɛ ye ba tien tuongatib nɛ nintitada banɛ lɛn kae dunia ya’asɛ. Baa ban lɛn kae dunia la, nidib la siak ye ba siis nan vʋi ka gɔsid banɛ vʋi la, nɛ ba tʋʋma ka mɛ lɛn nwɛ’ɛdi ba suora Adae malima la ni. * Papa Festival * Kente Festival * [[Yaa Asantewaa Festival]] * Mmoa Nni Nko Festival * Nkyidwo Festival '''Zin’ivɛlla sieba''' * [[Kejetia Market]] * Patakro shrine * Adinkra cloth printing in Ntonso * Adanwomase Kente Village * [[Bonwire Kente Village]] * Ahwiaa Woodcarving Village == Buudi banɛ bɛ ani == '''Nidib kal''' Nidib banɛ bɛ Ashanti Region la bɛdegʋ bɛnɛ Kumasi Metropolitan District. Yʋʋm tusayi’ la nidib kaalʋg saŋa la, region la da mɔr nidib 3,612,950, ka li pa’al ye region la teŋgbaŋi zu’oe si’em la (148.1 per square km) pʋ paae [[Central Region|Central region]] (an162.2/km²) la.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100828113312/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&sa=8</ref> Ashanti region nidib la tita’am yinɛ Akan bʋʋdi la ni ka an [[Ghana|Ghana]] nidib du’am pʋʋgin (94.2%) ka 5% an teŋ sia dimi kilim [[Ghana|Ghana]] dim yʋ’ʋs. Nidib bi’ela wʋʋ (5.8%) banɛ bɛ Ashanti ka’ teŋ kan bɛɛ Akanland bɛɛ Ghana nidiba, 3.7% yinɛ tɛɛns anu’ banɛ pin’ad na’asaal ka bɛ ECOWAS ka 2.1% mɛ yi ninsabilis tɛɛns sieba. Nidib banɛ bɛ anina kae ninsabilis tɛŋ nidib la anɛ 1.8% banɛ bɛ region la ni la wʋsa. Akans bʋʋdi la zuoe region la ni, ban anɛ 94.2% dʋam pʋʋgin. Nidib bedego (82.9%) banɛ an Akan bʋʋdi la anɛ Ashantis.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200726100446/http://ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&sa=10</ref><ref>https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100828113236/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/region/?r=2&sa=12</ref> == Suoya == Ashanti region mɔr Kumasi Airport, linɛ sʋŋid [[Ghana|Ghana]] sʋ’ʋlim suor kɛn. Suotitada anu’ (national highways) – N4, N6, N8, N10 and N6 – nɛ regional highways ka ba sieba an R52 nɛ R106 linɛ bɛ tis suokɛnnib. N6 pal tita’ar la tɔ’ɔŋ nɛ Kumasi dɔlis Kwame Nkrumah Circle nɛ Nsawam nɛ N4 kɛŋ paae Accra. Region la tɔ’ɔŋ nɛ [[Central Region|Central Region]] yinɛ N8 nɛ N10, babayi’ la yinɛ Yemoransa linɛ bɛ [https://www.pandaboyama.com.tr/ boyama] [[Central Region|Central Region]] la. N10, tɔ’ɔŋ nɛ region la tɛŋpʋtita’ar linɛ an Kumasi la. == Gbaʋŋ zamisʋg == '''Senior high school nam''' * Tweneboah Kodua Secondary School- Akyerema(TKSS) * Dadease Senior High School, Dadease * Akomadan Senior High School, Akomadan * Dompoase Senior High School, Dompoasi * Afia Kobi Ampem Girls (Royal AKAGSHS) * Adanwomase SENIOR High School (ADASS) * Agogo State College, Agogo Asante-Akyem * Agona SDA Senior High School, Agona * Anglican Senior High School, Kumasi * Asanteman School (Real Assas) * Bankoman Senior High School, Banko<ref>https://ges.gov.gh/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/SHSTVET_SCHOOLS.pdf</ref> * Osei Tutu Senior High School (OT) * Bekwai SDA Senior High School * Ghana Armed Forces Secondary Technical School, Kumasi * Beposo Senior High School, Beposo * Collins Secondary Commercial School, Agog o Asante-Akyem * Effiduase Senior High School, Effiduase * Ejisuman Senior High School, Ejisu * Ejuraman Senior High School, Ejura * Fomena T.I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, Adansi Fomena * Jachie-Pramso Senior High School (Ka di yʋ’ʋr da an MIGHTY JAPASS) * Komfo Anokye Senior High School, Wiamoase * Kumasi Academy, Asokore-Mampong, Kumasi * Kumasi Girls' Senior High School * Kumasi Wesley Girls High School * Kumasi High School * Obuasi Secondary Technical School (O.S.T.S) * Wesley Senior High School (WEHIS), Bekwai * Adventist Senior High School (ADASS), Bantama * Ofoase Kokoben Senior High School (OFKOSS) * Adventist Girls Senior High School (ADGISS), Ntonso * Opoku Ware Secondary School, Kumasi. * St. Louis Senior High School, Oduom * Nkawie Secondary Technical School. * Oppong Memorial Senior High School. * Osei Kyeretwie Senior High School, Kumasi. * Prempeh College, Kumasi. * Prince of Peace Girls Senior High School, South Suntreso, Kumasi. * Simms Senior High School, Fawoade * Bonwire Senior High Tech. School. * St Joseph Senior High School (Ehuren) * St. Monica's Senior High School, Mampong * Amaniampong Senior High School, Mampong * T.I. Ahmadiyya Senior High School, Kumasi * T.I. Ahmadiyya Girls' Senior High School, Asokore * Kumasi Technical Institute, Kumasi (KTI) * Jacobu Senior High School, Jacobu * Juaben Senior High School, Juaben * Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Senior High School, Tanoso * Kumasi Senior High Technical School (K.S.T.S), * Tepa Senior High School, Tepa. (GREAT TESS). * Mabang Senior High School, Mabang. * Aduman Senior High School, (Admass) Aduman * Dwamena Akenten Senior High School, (DASS) Offinso * Konongo-Odumasi Senior High School * Al-Azhariya Islamic Senior High School (AZASS) Old tafo_Kumasi * Islamic Senior High School (I-Sec) Abrepo Sakur titada Ashanti region mɔr gɔmena universities nam atan’. A’sʋ’ʋm-mɛŋ universities nɛ colleges nam zuoe region region la pʋʋgin. '''University nam''' * [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi]] * Ghana Baptist University College, Kumasi * Spiritan University College, Ejisu * Garden City University College, Kenyasi, Kumasi * Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development (formerly Kumasi Campus of University of Education, Winneba) * National Institute Of Information Technology, Kumasi Campus NIIT. * Kumasi Technical University, K-Poly * IPMC, Kumasi Campus * Akrokerri College of Education * St. Monica's College of Education, Mampong * Christian Service University College, Odeneho Kwadaso * Wesley College of Education * St. Louis College of Education * Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development (formerly Mampong Campus of University of Education, Winneba) * Mampong Technical College of Education (MAMTECH) * S.D.A. College of Education, Agona == Nimma’asim yɛla == * Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital * Manhyia Hospital * Kwadaso SDA Hospital * Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital * [[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology|Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]] Hospital * Kumasi South Hospital * First care Hospital * Tafo Government Hospital * Suntreso Government Hospital * West End Hospital == Ninwisigir == * [[Baba Yara Sports Stadium|Baba Yara Stadium]] bɛnɛ Kumasi * [[Asante Kotoko Sporting Club|Kumasi Asante Kotoko]] * [[Ashanti Gold Sporting Club|Ashanti Gold SC]] * [[King Faisal Football Club|King Faisal Babies F.C.]] * [[New Edubiase United]] * Ba stadium anɛ [[Baba Yara Sports Stadium|Kumasi Sports Stadium]] == Din pʋ si’em == Region la tʋmmi li tʋʋma nɛ dɔlisid local government system. Ka lin an siem anɛ, region nam la pʋdʋg nɛ mɔr MMDA's ban pisnaasi nɛ atan’ (Metropolitan yinne, Municipal ban piiga nɛ anii nɛ Assemblies pisi nɛ anaasi).<ref>http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/Region/1</ref> District, Municipal nɛ Metropolitan Assembly nam lal wʋsa kpɛɛm anɛ Chief Executive nɛ MP banɛ zie nɛ gɔmena nɔba zug amaa ka ba paŋ lɛɛ yinɛ Assembly linɛ ka li kpɛɛm an presiding member, ka Assembly members la mɛŋ da vɔɔti gaŋ. MMDA's la da nɔbigi yi piiga kɛŋ piiga nɛ anii yʋʋm tusir, kɔbʋs wai nɛ pisnii nɛ anii la (1988); ka lɛn nɔbigi yi piiga nɛ anii kɛŋ paae pisi nɛ yinnɛ yʋʋm tusayi’ nɛ anaasi la (2004); ka lɛn nɔbigi yi pisi nɛ yinnɛ paae pisi nɛ ayɔpɔi yʋʋm tusayi’ nɛ anii la (2008); ka lɛn yi pisi nɛ ayɔpɔi la nii nɔbigi paae pistan’ yʋʋm tusayi’, piiga nɛ ayi la (2012); ka nɔbigi yi pistan’ paae pisnaasi nɛ atan’ yʋʋm tusayi’, piiga nɛ anii la (2018). Ban an siem nannanna nwa: {| class="wikitable" |'''District''' |'''Capital''' |'''Constituency''' |'''Member of Parliament''' |'''Party''' |- |Adansi Asokwa |Adansi Asokwa |Adansi-Asokwa |[[Kobina Tahir Hammond|Kobina Tahir Hammond]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Adansi North |Fomena |Fomena |[[Andrew Asiamah Amoako|Andrew Asiamah Amoako]] (Second Deputy Speaker) |[[IND]] |- |Adansi South |New Edubiase |New Edubease |[[Adams Abdul Salam|Adams Abdul Salam]] |[[National Democratic Congress (NDC)|NDC]] |- |Afigya Kwabre North |Boamang |Afigya Kwabre North |[[Collins Adomako-Mensah|Collins Adomako-Mensah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Afigya Kwabre South |Kodie |Afigya Kwabre South |[[William Owuraku Aidoo|William Owuraku Aidoo]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Ahafo Ano North Municipal |Tepa |Ahafo Ano North |[[Suleman Adamu Sanid|Suleman Adamu Sanid]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Ahafo Ano South East |Dwinyame / Adugyama |Ahafo Ano South East |[[Francis Manu-Adabor|Francis Manu-Adoabor]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Ahafo Ano South West |Mankranso |Ahafo Ano South West |[[Johnson Kwaku Adu|Kwaku Adu Johnson]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Akrofuom |Akrofuom |Akrofuom |[[Alex Blankson|Alex Blankson]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Amansie Central |Jacobu |Odotobri |[[Emmanuel Akwasi Gyamfi|Emmanuel Akwasi Gyamfi]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Amansie West |Manso Nkwanta |Manso Nkwanta |[[George Takyi|George Kwabena Obeng Takyi]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Amansie South |Manso Adubia |Manso Edubia |[[Frimpong Yaw Addo|Frimpong Yaw Addo]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Asante Akim Central Municipal |Konongo |Asante Akim Central |[[Kwame Anyimadu Antwi|Kwame Anyimadu - Antwi]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Asante Akim North |Agogo |Asante Akim North |[[Andy Kwame Appiah-Kubi|Andy Kwame Appiah-Kubi]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Asante Akim South Municipal |Juaso |Asante Akim South |[[Kwaku Asante-Boateng|Kwaku Asante-Boateng]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Asokore Mampong |Asokore Mampong |Asawase |[[Muntaka Mohammed Mubarak|Muntaka Mohammed Mubarak]](Minority Chief Whip) |[[National Democratic Congress (NDC)|NDC]] |- |Asokwa Municipal |Asokwa |Asokwa |[[Patricia Appiagyei|Patricia Appiagyei]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Atwima Kwanwoma |Twedie |Atwima-Kwanwoma |[[Kofi Amankwa-Manu|Kofi Amankwa-Manu]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Atwima Mponua |Nyinahin |Atwima Mponua |[[Isaac Kwame Asiamah|Isaac Kwame Asiamah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Atwima Nwabiagya Municipal |Nkawie |Atwima-Nwabiagya South |[[Benito Owusu Bio|Benito Owusu Bio]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Atwima Nwabiagya North |Barekese |Atwima-Nwabiagya North |[[Emmanuel Adjei Anhwere|Emmanuel Adjei Anhwere]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Bekwai Municipal |Bekwai |Bekwai |[[Joseph Osei Owusu|Joseph Osei-Owusu(First Deputy]] Speaker) |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Bosome Freho |Asiwa |Bosome-Freho |[[Akwasi Boateng|Akwasi Darko Boateng]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Bosomtwe |Kuntanse |Bosomtwe |[[Yaw Osei Adutwum|Yaw Osei Adutwum]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Ejisu Municipal |Ejisu |Ejisu |[[John Kumah|John Ampotuah Kumah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Ejura Sekyedumase Municipal |Ejura |Ejura-Sekyedumase |[[Muhammad Bawah Braimah|Muhammad Bawah Braimah]] |[[National Democratic Congress (NDC)|NDC]] |- |Juaben Municipal |Juaben |Juaben |[[Ama Pomaa Boateng|Ama Pomaa Boateng]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- | rowspan="5" |Kumasi Metropolitan | rowspan="5" |Kumasi |Bantama |[[Francis Asenso-Boakye|Francis Asenso -Boakye]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Manhyia North |[[Akwasi Konadu|Akwasi Konadu]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Manhyia South |[[Matthew Opoku Prempeh|Matthew Opoku Prempeh]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Nhyiaeso |[[Stephen Amoah|Stephen Amoah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Subin |[[Eugene Boakye Antwi|Eugene Boakye Antwi]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Kwabre East Municipal |Mamponteng |Kwabre East |[[Francisca Oteng-Mensah|Francisca Oteng Mensah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Kwadaso Municipal |Kwadaso |Kwadaso |[[Kingsley Nyarko|Kingsley Nyarko]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Mampong Municipal |Mampong |Mampong |[[Kwaku Ampratwum-Sarpong|Kwaku Ampratwum-Sarpong]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Obuasi East Municipal |Tutuka |Obuasi East |[[Patrick Boakye-Yiadom|Patrick Boakye-Yiadom]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Obuasi Municipal |Obuasi |Obuasi West |[[Kwaku Kwarteng|Kwaku Agyemang Kwarteng]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Offinso Municipal |Offinso |Offinso South |[[Augustine Collins Ntim|Augustine Collins Ntim]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Offinso North |Akomadan |Offinso North |[[Isaac Yaw Opoku|Isaac Yaw Opoku]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Oforikrom Municipal |Oforikrom |Oforikrom |[[Emmanuel Marfo|Emmanuel Marfo]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Old Tafo Municipal |Old Tafo |Old Tafo |[[Vincent Ekow Assafuah|Vincent Ekow Assafuah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Sekyere Afram Plains |Drobonso |Sekyere Afram Plains |[[Alex Adomako-Mensah|Alex Adomako-Mensah]] |[[National Democratic Congress (NDC)|NDC]] |- |Sekyere Central |Nsuta |Nsuta-Kwamang |[[Adelaide Ntim|Adelaide Ntim]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Sekyere East |Effiduase |Afigya Sekyere East |[[Mavis Nkansah Boadu|Mavis Nkansah Boadu]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Sekyere Kumawu |Kumawu |Kumawu |[[Philip Basoah|Philip Basoah]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Sekyere South |Agona |Effiduase-Asokore |[[Nana Ayew Afriye|Nana Ayew Afriyie]] |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |- |Suame Municipal |Suame |Suame |[[Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu|Osei Kyei Mensah Bonsu]]<ref>https://www.parliament.gh/mps?leadership</ref>(Majority Leader) |[[New Patriotic Party|NPP]] |} == Nintitada banɛ yi ani == {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" |Famous native citizens of Ashanti |- |'''Citizen''' |'''Settlement''' |- |Maame Efya Nyarko |Ashanti, Ghana |- |Richmond Boakye |Agogo |- |Deborah Owusu-Bonsu |Pakyi no2 |- |Chelsea Sarpong |Ahenemaa Kokoben |- |[[Sulyman Ali Muntari|Sulley Muntari]] |Konongo |- |Sonia Ibrahim |Kumasi |- |Emmanuel Frimpong |Kumasi |- |[[Kofi Anan|Kofi Annan]] |Kumasi |- |[[John Agyekum Akufuor|John Kufuor]] |Kumasi |- |Isaac Vorsah |Kumasi |- |Juliet Ibrahim |Kumasi |- |Sam Jonah |Obuasi |- |Rhian Benson |Kumasi |- |[[Samuel Kuffour]] |Kumasi |- |Tony Yeboah |Kumasi |- |Kwadwo Asamoah |Kumasi |- |Maxwell Konadu |Kumasi |- |Harrison Afful |Kumasi |- |Quincy Owusu-Abeyie |Kumasi |- |[[Kevin-Prince Boateng]] |Kumasi |- |Kofi Kingston |Kumasi |} Ba sieba lɛn anɛ; * General I. K Acheampong * General Akwasi Amankwaa Afrifa * J.H. Frimpong-Ansah * Yaw Manu-Sarpong * Joseph Yaw Manu * Victor Owusu * Alhaji Ibrahim Kwabena Antwi * Abdul Karim Tanko Razak * Samuel Opoku-Nti * Kwasi Appiah * Bishop Obinim * Ohene Kakari * Chelsea Sarpong * Hannah Afriyie * Emmanuel Tuffour (Koora) * Gerald Asamoa * Maulvi Abdul Wahab Adam * Kojo Safo Kantanka * Daddy Lumba * Nana Ama McBrown * Sam Otis Brefo == Gbanvɛɛnsa == [[Category:7th Parliament of the 4th Republic of Ghana]] slhnq397qg231tn6ybenwud7vvlilo7 0 1963 14970 14954 2025-06-21T15:53:30Z Abanga Emmanuel 481 I added text, links and references 14970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q37937}} '''Dankal''' (''Ipomoea batatas'') anɛ di nyɛ'ɛda buudi kanɛ ka bɛ dicotyledonous tiig pɛɛs bɛgin vɛɛnim tiis buudi la ni na, Convolvulaceae. Di bi'ela, starchy, sweet-tasting tuberous rootsmɔri maan nya'a diib (root vegetable).<ref>Purseglove, John Williams (1968). ''[[:en:Longman_Scientific_and_Technical|Tropical crops: D]]''. [[:en:Longman_Scientific_and_Technical|Longman Scientific and Technical]]. New York: [[:en:John_Wiley_and_Sons|John Wiley and Sons.]] [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-46666-1|978-0-582-46666-1]]</bdi>. ^{[[:en:Wikipedia:Citing_sources|[''page needed''<nowiki>]</nowiki>]]}</ref><ref>Woolfe, Jennifer A. (5 March 1992). ''Sweet Potato: An Untapped Food Resource''. Cambridge, UK: [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press]] (CUP) and the [[:en:International_Potato_Center|International Potato Center]] (CIP). [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780521402958|9780521402958]]</bdi>.</ref> Di anɛ di kanɛ an [[staple food]] ka nidib nɔŋi li pamm dunia ni. Banɛ tטmi li tטטma la ([[Cultivars of the sweet potato]]) zamis ban na niŋi ka sua li ka li kpɛm mɔr niŋgbiŋ paalig nɛ sin'imnam bɛdigט. Dinɛ pɛɛs ya'as anɛ ye ba van paala banɛ nan yit paalim la mɔri did. Dankal nɛ pi'esa la dɔlim anɛ [[Solanales]], dinɛ ke ka ba an buudi kanɛ laa nɛ taaba. Dankal sabila banɛ bɛ North America ba buoni ba nɛ ye "busa", ba nwɛnim nɛ busa mɛŋ-mɛŋ lal nɛ taaba dinɛ an [[monocots]] bɛ Dioscoreales dɔlisטg la.<ref>Keoke, Emory Dean; Porterfield, Kay Marie (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QIFTVWJH3doC&pg=PA256 Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World: 15,000 Years of Inventions and Innovations]''. [[:en:Infobase_Publishing|Infobase Publishing]]. p. 256. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8160-4052-0|<bdi>978-0-8160-4052-0</bdi>.]]</ref> Dankal pin'il yinɛ tropical regions bɛ [[South America]] ka nananna di yט'טm bɛ Ecuador.<ref>[https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2022-01-24-mystery-sweetpotato-origin-uncovered-missing-link-plant-found-oxford-research "Mystery of sweetpotato origin uncovered, as missing link plant found by Oxford research".] [[:en:University_of_Oxford|''University of Oxford''.]] 24 January 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230902133431/https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2022-01-24-mystery-sweetpotato-origin-uncovered-missing-link-plant-found-oxford-research Archived] from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2024.</ref><ref>Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo; Wells, Tom; Wood, John R. I.; Carruthers, Tom; Anglin, Noelle L.; Jarret, Robert L.; Scotland, Robert W. (22 January 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306577 "Discovery and characterization of sweetpotato's closest tetraploid relative".] [[:en:New_Phytologist|''New Phytologist''.]] '''234''' (4): 1185–1194. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NewPh.234.1185M 2022NewPh.234.1185M.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/nph.17991|10.1111/nph.17991]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-646X 0028-646X]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306577 9306577]. <nowiki>PMID 35064679</nowiki>.</ref> == Pa,alʋg == Bʋnbʋtir nwa’ anɛ vaand bʋgʋs nɛ ka li vuud tɛŋin bɛɛ li ya’a kpi’e bʋnwɔk si’a li na tɔ’ɔe gban’ae li dʋ ka nyaŋidi bɛi tʋʋgid yʋʋm pʋʋgin, ka li vaand si’eba yadigi pʋdiga atan’ bɛɛ an lammiri ka ba puum la tɔ’ɔŋ nɛ til la. Til la vuud nɛ tɛŋin ka maan nya’abaanlig dutanam la ni. vaand la tɔ’ɔŋ nɛ til la. Daʋg kakɛ zanl vaang la wa’alim anɛ wan wʋʋ 13 paae 51 centimetres (5 to 20 inches). Vaand la kpikpɛmis labisim pʋ zɛnmiya, 5 to 13 cm (2 to 5 in), li anɛ wan wʋʋ sʋsʋnf, siyanini bɛɛ gɛl nɛ, ka an gbilig bɛɛ lammirɛ bɛɛ lin on mɔr labisim atan’, li kpikpɛmis la tɔ’ɔn an mummi, bʋ’asibʋ’as bɛɛ li pʋdipʋda abʋtan’ bɛɛ li tɔ’ɔn pʋdi paae abʋyɔpɔi. Vaand la nindaa anɛ saalig, ka ka’a gbiribirɛ, ka li naarin la an gbilig bɛɛ pʋlʋm. Vaand la taa anɛ dɛn’ɛm, amaa ka bʋnsi’a ɛɛti kɛ ka li kilim dɔnbʋʋlim. Til la wa’alim bɛn tɔn’ɔn aen yi 0.5 kɛŋ paae 4 metres (1+¹⁄₂ nɛ 13 feet). Ba buud si’eba busid til duta la ni ka li wa’alim paad 16 m (52 ft). Amaa, bama pʋ mɔr nyɛ’ɛlim. Li mɔr zin’ig kanɛ ka daʋlim nɛ pʋ’alim la’asi bɛ la, nɛ tilbil kanɛ zanl puum kanɛ pʋdig anu la, kɛ ka li zi’enɛ agɔl sappi. Li paan puum nɛ daar kanɛ ka nintaŋ pʋ wa’ama. Pak kanɛ lus puum la anɛ bi’ela ka wa’am, ka pʋlʋm ka an (wan wʋʋ ayɔpɔi bɛn) 10 to 15 millimetres (³⁄₈ to ⁵⁄₈ in) wa’alim pʋʋgin, ka mɔr zuob baanlig. Atan’ banɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la wa’am bi’ela. Biili maani yit nɛ ayi ya’a bɛ kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb ka la’as taaba pʋʋm saŋa.<ref>[https://homeguides.sfgate.com/pollinating-sweet-potatoes-74929.html "Pollinating Sweet Potatoes"]. Home Guides. ''[[:en:SF_Gate|SF Gate]]''. 11 May 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160415153410/https://homeguides.sfgate.com/pollinating-sweet-potatoes-74929.html Archived] from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2021.</ref> Ba puum la lakid ka winig nyaan yit na ka bɛ ala paad hour nam bi’ela. Bɛugʋn ya’as ka ba yʋbin ka yʋ’ʋn pin’ili pʋoe lu tɛŋin. Nya’a kanɛ ka diib bɛ la wa’am nɛ ka an fuoŋ, ka an saalig ka li kala nam bɛ kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb ka si’eba an dɔnbʋʋlim, orange, wiig, brown, purple, bɛɛ beige. Li bʋʋlim la kala si’eba anɛ beige, pi’elig, wiig, pink, violet, dɔnbʋʋlim, orange, bɛɛ purple. Dankal si’eba banɛ ka ba nyɛ’ɛlim bʋʋlim la an pi’elig bɛɛ waans dɔnbʋʋlim la pʋ malis ka mɔr [[Ku'om|kuom]] wan wʋʋ banɛ an wiig, pink bɛɛ orange la.<ref name=":12">Loebenstein, Gad; Thottappilly, George (2009). ''[[iarchive:sweetpotato00thot|The sweetpotato]]''. Springer. pp. [[iarchive:sweetpotato00thot/page/n410v|391]]–425. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-9475-0|978-1-4020-9475-0]]</bdi>.</ref> == Buudi == Dankal yinɛ South America zin’ig kanɛ ka ba buon zina ye Ecuador la.<ref>[https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2022-01-24-mystery-sweetpotato-origin-uncovered-missing-link-plant-found-oxford-research "Mystery of sweetpotato origin uncovered, as missing link plant found by Oxford research"]. ''[[:en:University_of_Oxford|University of Oxford]]''. 24 January 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230902133431/https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2022-01-24-mystery-sweetpotato-origin-uncovered-missing-link-plant-found-oxford-research Archived] from the original on 2 September 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2024.</ref><ref>Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo; Wells, Tom; Wood, John R. I.; Carruthers, Tom; Anglin, Noelle L.; Jarret, Robert L.; Scotland, Robert W. (22 January 2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306577 "Discovery and characterization of sweetpotato's closest tetraploid relative"]. ''[[:en:New_Phytologist|New Phytologist]]''. '''234''' (4): 1185–1194. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NewPh.234.1185M 2022NewPh.234.1185M]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/nph.17991|10.1111/nph.17991]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-646X 0028-646X]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9306577 9306577]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35064679 35064679].</ref> Zin’ig kanɛ ka ba ti’ak dankal buudi ka li li’eb saalibi bɔɔd ye li an si’em da pin’il nɛ Central bɛɛ South America.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QU3qxpHf4S4C&q=Sweet+Potato+Peru+domesticated&pg=PA21 Geneflow 2009]''. Bioversity International. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789290438137|9789290438137]]</bdi>.</ref> Central America tɛŋin, ban dankal banɛ ka ba da gɔsi ba yela da bɛ anina ka li tʋʋg yʋʋm tusanu (5,000) banɛ gaad la,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050207230303/http://www.cgiar.org/impact/research/sweetpotato.html "Sweet Potato"]. Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research. Archived from [http://www.cgiar.org/impact/research/sweetpotato.html the original] on 7 February 2005.</ref> ban da nyɛ ''I. batatas'' ka li bɛ Yucatán Peninsula linɛ bɛ Mexico la nɛ kɔlig kanɛ ka ba buon Orinoco River ka li bɛ Venezuela la tɛnsʋk la.<ref>Austin, Daniel F. (1988). [https://books.google.com/books?id=7Ff-wrcqm1EC&q=The+taxonomy%2C+evolution+and+genetic+diversity+of+sweetpotatoes+and+related+wild+species&pg=PA27 "The taxonomy, evolution and genetic diversity of sweet potatoes and related wild species"]. In P. Gregory (ed.). ''Exploration, Maintenance, and Utilization of Sweet Potato Genetic Resources''. First Sweet Potato Planning Conference, 1987. Lima, Peru: International Potato Center. pp. 27–60. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789290601159|9789290601159]]</bdi>.</ref> Daasi’erɛ tɛŋin la nidibi da tɔlisi li ka li paae Caribbean dim nɛ South America 2500 BCE.<ref>Zhang, D.P.; Ghislain, M.; Huaman, Z.; Cervantes, J.C.; Carey, E.E. (1999). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140423062838/http://sweetpotatoknowledge.org/germplasm/germplasm-collection/cip-genebank/AFLP%20Assessment%20of%20Sweetpotato%20Genetic%20Diversity%20in%20Four%20Tropical%20American%20Regions.pdf "AFLP Assessment of Sweetpotato Genetic Diversity in Four Tropical American Regions"] (PDF). ''International Potato Center (CIP) Program Report 1997-1998''. Lima, Peru: International Potato Center (CIP). Archived from [http://sweetpotatoknowledge.org/germplasm/germplasm-collection/cip-genebank/AFLP%20Assessment%20of%20Sweetpotato%20Genetic%20Diversity%20in%20Four%20Tropical%20American%20Regions.pdf the original] (PDF) on 23 April 2014.</ref> ''I. trifida'', anɛ mɔɔg linɛ bɛ mɔɔgin ka wan dankal hali, lin da yi si’em na li buudi nam ayiŋa banɛ ka’ yinnɛ da la’as taaba ka li nyaŋi kilim dankal buudi.<ref>Morales Rodríguez, Alfredo; Alfredo Morales Tejón; Dania Rodríguez del Sol; Iván J. Pastrana; Claudia A. Méndez (2017). "Origen, evolución y distribución del boniato (''Ipomoea batatas'' (l.) Lam.). Una revisión". ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agricultura_Tropical&action=edit&redlink=1 Agricultura Tropical]'' (in Spanish). '''3''' (1): 1–13. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2517-9292 2517-9292].</ref> Ba vɛɛn ya gɔs ka ye dankal kanɛ ka ti mi’ zina la, ba da nyɛ linɛ bɛ tampilɛma ni bɛ Chilca Canyon, linɛ bɛ south-central zone Peru tɛŋin, ka li pa’al ye li yuugi paae 8080 ± 170 BC.<ref>Engel, Fréderic (1970). "Exploration of the Chilca Canyon". ''[[:en:Current_Anthropology|Current Anthropology]]''. '''11''': 55–58. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1086/201093|10.1086/201093]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144317617 144317617].</ref><ref>Perry, L. (2002). "Starch granule size and the domestication of manioc (''Manihot esculenta'') and Sweet potato (''Ipomoea batatas'')". ''[[:en:Economic_Botany|Economic Botany]]''. '''56''' (4): 345–349. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1663%2F0013-0001%282002%29056%5B0335%3ASGSATD%5D2.0.CO%3B2 <nowiki>10.1663/0013-0001(2002)056[0335:SGSATD]2.0.CO;2</nowiki>]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32462935 32462935].</ref> '''Buudi la’asig''' Dankal li mɔr bʋn si’a li ni anɛ li [[DNA]] ka li yinɛ ''[[Agrobacterium]],'' ''[[sensu lato]]''; lin wanni ''[[Rhizobium rhizogenes]]'' buudi), ka ba da nyɛ ka bʋnbʋtir la an ala.<ref name=":11">Kyndt, Tina; Quispea, Dora; Zhaic, Hong; Jarretd, Robert; Ghislainb, Marc; Liuc, Qingchang; Gheysena, Godelieve; Kreuzeb, Jan F. (20 April 2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4426443 "The genome of cultivated sweet potato contains Agrobacterium T-DNAs with expressed genes: An example of a naturally transgenic food crop"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America''. '''112''' (18): 5844–5849. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PNAS..112.5844K 2015PNAS..112.5844K]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1419685112|10.1073/pnas.1419685112]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4426443 4426443]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25902487 25902487].</ref> Li buudi la ba da vɛɛns ya ka li pʋ dɔl nɛ banɛ bɛ mɔɔgin la.<ref name=":11" /> Vɛɛnsig pa’al ye dankal buudi nam ti’as nɛ ala hali yʋma tusir pʋʋginme, ka li kɛ ka li yʋ’ʋn nyaŋi an sʋ’ʋŋa.<ref name=":11" /> Nwa’ pa’al ye dankal li da an yiiga bʋnbʋtir kanɛ ka ba da nyɛ ka li la’as nɛ buud si’eba.<ref name=":11" /><ref>[http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/sweet-potato-is-a-natural-gmo/81251182/ "Sweet potato is a natural GMO"]. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. 22 April 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150425193722/http://www.genengnews.com/gen-news-highlights/sweet-potato-is-a-natural-gmo/81251182 Archived] from the original on 25 April 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2015.</ref><ref>Doucleff, Michaeleen (5 May 2015). [https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/05/05/404198552/natural-gmo-sweet-potato-genetically-modified-8-000-years-ago "Natural GMO? Sweet Potato Genetically Modified 8,000 Years Ago"]. ''NPR''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220115142149/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/05/05/404198552/natural-gmo-sweet-potato-genetically-modified-8-000-years-ago Archived] from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2022.</ref><ref>Lebot, Vincent (2020). ''Tropical Root and Tuber Crops : Cassava, Sweet Potato, Yams And Aroids''. [[:en:Wallingford,_Oxfordshire|Wallingford, Oxfordshire]], UK [[:en:Boston|Boston]], USA: CABI ([[:en:Centre_for_Agriculture_and_Bioscience_International|Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International]]). p. 541. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-78924-336-9|978-1-78924-336-9]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1110672215 1110672215].</ref><ref>Soucy, Shannon M.; Huang, Jinling; Gogarten, Johann Peter (17 July 2015). "Horizontal gene transfer: building the web of life". ''[[:en:Nature_Reviews_Genetics|Nature Reviews Genetics]]''. '''16''' (8). [[:en:Nature_Portfolio|Nature Portfolio]]: 472–482. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1038/nrg3962|10.1038/nrg3962]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-0056 1471-0056]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26184597 26184597]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6794788 6794788].</ref><ref>Andersen, Martin Marchman; Landes, Xavier; Xiang, Wen; Anyshchenko, Artem; Falhof, Janus; Østerberg, Jeppe Thulin; Olsen, Lene Irene; Edenbrandt, Anna Kristina; Vedel, Suzanne Elizabeth; Thorsen, Bo Jellesmark; Sandøe, Peter; Gamborg, Christian; Kappel, Klemens; Palmgren, Michael G. (2015). [[doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.011|"Feasibility of new breeding techniques for organic farming"]]. ''[[:en:Trends_in_Plant_Science|Trends in Plant Science]]''. '''20''' (7). [[:en:Cell_Press|Cell Press]]: 426–434. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015TPS....20..426A 2015TPS....20..426A]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.011|10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.011]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1360-1385 1360-1385]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26027462 26027462]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205454618 205454618].</ref> == '''Kuob yɛla''' == '''Lin dɔl si’em tiik zin’ig labakuda''' Europeans dimi da nan pʋ kɛn Americas tɛŋin la, dankal da bɛ Polynesia tɛŋin, ka ba kʋ’ʋt nɛ vaandi sɛɛd ka ka’a biilifɔ.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080519142258/http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Ipomoea/index.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20080519142258/http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Ipomoea/index.html "Batatas, Not Potatoes"]. Botgard.ucla.edu. [http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Ipomoea/index.html Archived] from the original on 19 May 2008. Retrieved 12 September 2010.</ref> Dankal da bɛ Cook Islands nɛ 1210–1400 CE.<ref>Wilmshurst, Janet M.; Hunt, Terry L.; Lipo, Carl P.; [[:en:Atholl_Anderson|Anderson, Atholl J]]. (27 December 2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033267https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033267 "High-precision radiocarbon dating shows recent and rapid initial human colonization of East Polynesia"]. ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences''. '''108''' (5): 1815–1820. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..108.1815Whttps://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..108.1815W 2011PNAS..108.1815W]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1015876108|10.1073/pnas.1015876108]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424 0027-8424]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3033267 3033267]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21187404 21187404]. <q>For example, the earliest presence of sweet potato (''Ipomoea batatas'') in Mangaia, Cook Islands, dated to A.D. 1210–1400 and was regarded as a late occurrence</q></ref> Ba vɛɛns nɛ ka ye da’asi’erɛ Polynesia dim da ansig nɛ vaand la mɔri kɛn Polynesia tɛŋin na, banɛ da kɛn South America ka lɛbid la, anina ka li widigi yi Polynesia paae Easter Island, Hawaii nɛ New Zealand.<ref>van Tilburg, Jo Anne (1994). ''Easter Island: Archaeology, ecology, and culture''. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.</ref><ref>Bassett, Gordon; et al. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724015520/http://www.geol.canterbury.ac.nz/people/kari/2004%20Bassett,%20Gordon,%20et%20al.pdf "Gardening at the Edge: Documenting the limits of tropical Polynesian kumara horticulture in southern New Zealand"] (PDF). New Zealand: University of Canterbury. Archived from [http://www.geol.canterbury.ac.nz/people/kari/2004%20Bassett,%20Gordon,%20et%20al.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 July 2011.</ref> Ba vɛɛnsi nyɛ ka Polynesian nidibi kuod dankal si’a la nɛ American dim ninkʋka din la wan bi’ela wʋʋ Zenú, bama anɛ nimbanɛ bɛ Colombia tɛŋin zina, ka li pa’al ye Polynesia dim tɔ’ɔn da kɛŋ South America ka paam dankal anina yi Europe dim la nu’usin.<ref>Lizzie Wade (8 July 2020). [https://www.science.org/content/article/polynesians-steering-stars-met-native-americans-long-europeans-arrived "Polynesians steering by the stars met Native Americans long before Europeans arrived"]. ''Science''. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1126/science.abd7159|10.1126/science.abd7159]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225642378 225642378]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200717034835/https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/07/polynesians-steering-stars-met-native-americans-long-europeans-arrived Archived] from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2022.</ref> Dutch buudi nid nɛ onɛ mi’ Amerindian buudi pian’ad, Willem Adelaar nɛ Pieter Muysken ye dankal yʋ’ʋr la yinɛ Polynesian nɛ South America buudi pian’ad ni na: Proto-Polynesian *''kumala''<ref>Greenhill, Simon J.; Clark, Ross; Biggs, Bruce (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130208114223/http://pollex.org.nz/entry/kumala1/https://web.archive.org/web/20130208114223/http://pollex.org.nz/entry/kumala1/ <nowiki>"Entries for KUMALA.1 [LO] Sweet Potato (</nowiki>''Ipomoea'')"]. ''POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online''. Archived from [http://pollex.org.nz/entry/kumala1/http://pollex.org.nz/entry/kumala1/ the original] on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.</ref> (compare Rapa Nui ''kumara'', Hawaiian ''ʻuala'', Māori ''kūmara'') tɔ’ɔn an yinnɛ nɛ Quechua bɛɛ Aymara ''k'umar'' ~ ''k'umara''. Adelaar nɛ Muysken da nyɛ ka yʋ’ʋr la pa’al ye Central Andes dim nɛ Polynesia dim tɔ’ɔn da si’al taaba zin’ig si’a.<ref>Adelaar, Willem F. H.; Muysekn, Pieter C. (10 June 2004). "[https://books.google.com/books?id=UiwaUY6KsY8C&pg=PA41https://books.google.com/books?id=UiwaUY6KsY8C&pg=PA41 Genetic relations of South American Indian languages".] ''The Languages of the Andes''. Cambridge University Press. p. 41. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-139-45112-3|978-1-139-45112-3]]</bdi>.</ref> Vɛɛnsidib yinɛ ye dankal tɔ’ɔn da dɛŋi bɛ Polynesia tɛŋin yʋma tusa ka ninsaalib nyaan kɛŋ zin’in anina.<ref>[https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-04/cp-sph040518.php "Sweet potato history casts doubt on early contact between Polynesia and the Americas"]. EurekaAlert! Cell Press. 12 April 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180923123941/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-04/cp-sph040518.php Archived] from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.</ref><ref>Muñoz-Rodríguez, Pablo; Carruthers, Tom; Wood, John R.I.; Williams, Bethany R.M.; Weitemier, Kevin; Kronmiller, Brent; Ellis, David; Anglin, Noelle L.; Longway, Lucas; Harris, Stephen A.; Rausher, Mark D.; Kelly, Steven; Liston, Aaron; Scotland, Robert W. (2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.020https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.020|"Reconciling conflicting phylogenies in the origin of sweet potato and dispersal to Polynesia"]]. ''Current Biology''. '''28''' (8): 1246–1256.e12. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CBio...28E1246Mhttps://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018CBio...28E1246M 2018CBio...28E1246M]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.020|10.1016/j.cub.2018.03.020]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0960-9822 0960-9822]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29657119 29657119].</ref> Amaa, banɛ zamis gbana ka yina pian’a la tita’am dɔl nɛ nidibi da si’al taaba ka li yadig.<ref name=":13">Barber, Ian; Higham, Thomas F. G. (14 April 2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8046222 "Archaeological science meets Māori knowledge to model pre-Columbian sweet potato (''Ipomoea batatas'') dispersal to Polynesia's southernmost habitable margins"]. ''[[:en:PLOS_One|PLOS One]]''. '''16''' (4): e0247643. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247643|2021PLoSO..1647643B]]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247643|10.1371/journal.pone.0247643]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8046222 8046222]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33852587 33852587].</ref><ref>Matisoo-Smith, Lisa (13 April 2018). [https://www.sciencemediacentre.co.nz/2018/04/13/when-did-sweet-potatoes-arrive-in-the-pacific-expert-reaction/ "When did sweet potatoes arrive in the Pacific – Expert Reaction"]. ''www.sciencemediacentre.co.nz''. Science Media Centre. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190329223537/https://www.sciencemediacentre.co.nz/2018/04/13/when-did-sweet-potatoes-arrive-in-the-pacific-expert-reaction/ Archived] from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019. <q>We would like to see more robust data, ideally from multiple sources, presented before we can accept the data and reconsider the current interpretation that the sweet potato was brought to Polynesia by humans at some point around 1000–1200 AD.</q></ref> Dankal da paae Europe dɔl nɛ nidibi da ti’as taaba la’ad saŋsi’a la, fʋ ya’a gɔs gbaŋ kanɛ ka ''Elinor Fettiplace sɔb ka pʋd Receipt Book'' la ni, linɛ ka ba da sɔbi li na’asaalin  England tɛŋin yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyuobʋ nɛ anaasi la ni (1604).<ref>Fettiplace, Elinor (1986) [1604]. [[:en:Hilary_Spurling|Spurling, Hilary]] (ed.). ''Elinor Fettiplace's Receipt Book: Elizabethan Country House Cooking''. Viking.</ref><ref>Dickson Wright, 2011. Pages 149–169</ref> Dankal da paae Philippines dim tɛŋin nɛ Spanish colonial period (1521–1898) yi Manila galleons, nɛ dunia bʋnbʋta si’eba.<ref>Loebenstein, Gad (2009). "Origin, Distribution and Economic Importance". In Loebenstein, Gad; Thottappilly, George (eds.). ''The Sweetpotato''. Springer. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781402094743|9781402094743]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172320/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226217377_Origin_Distribution_and_Economic_Importance Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 18 May 2019.</ref> Li da paae Fujian banɛ bɛ China la nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnu nɛ piswai nɛ anaasi ni (1594) saŋa yi Luzon, ba bʋnbʋtta da san’am la zug. Dankal kuob da nyɛ kpɛmisigi yi onɛ da an Governor Chin Hsüeh-tseng (Jin Xuezeng) san’an.<ref>Spence, Jonathan D. (1993). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=M7LAH8ggQvAC&pg=PA167 Chinese Roundabout: Essays in History and Culture]'' (illustrated, reprint, revised ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. p. 167. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0393309942|978-0393309942]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172323/https://books.google.com/books?id=M7LAH8ggQvAC&pg=PA167#v=onepage&q&f=false Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2015.</ref> Dankal da paae Ryukyu Kingdom, zin’ig kanɛ ka ba buon Okinawa, ka li bɛ Japan zina la, yʋʋm tusir nɛ kɔbisyuobʋ saŋa (1600s) da yinɛ Portuguese ni na.<ref>Goodman, Grant K. (2013). ''Japan and the Dutch 1600–1853''. London: Routledge. pp. 66–67. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.4324/9781315028064|10.4324/9781315028064]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781315028064|9781315028064]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Gunn, Geoffrey C. (2003). "First Globalization: The Eurasian Exchange, 1500-1800". ''The Sixteenth Century Journal''. '''36''' (3): 932–933. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/20477565|10.2307/20477565]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20477565 20477565].</ref><ref name=":10">Obrien, Patricia J. (1972). [[doi:10.1525/aa.1972.74.3.02a00070|"The sweet potato: Its origin and dispersal"]]. ''American Anthropologist''. '''74''' (3): 342–365. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1525/aa.1972.74.3.02a00070|10.1525/aa.1972.74.3.02a00070]]</ref> Dankal da kilim diibi tis Japan dim bɔzugɔ lini da sʋŋid ka kɔ’ɔm kae, ba ya’a da ku’a mui ka li pʋ maalɛ.<ref name=":10" /><ref>Itoh, Makiko (22 April 2017). [https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2017/04/22/food/storied-history-potato-japanese-cooking/#.WsaQ6ojwaUk "The storied history of the potato in Japanese cooking"]. ''The Japan Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200727024534/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2017/04/22/food/storied-history-potato-japanese-cooking/#.WsaQ6ojwaUk Archived] from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2018.</ref> Aoki Konyō da sʋŋi kkɛ ka dankal yadig Japan tɛŋin, ka Tokugawa bakufu mɛ da sʋŋ, sɔb gbana, ka mɛ da tɔlis o vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka o da vɛɛns Japanese buudi pian’ad ni dankal yel la tis nidib ka li kɛ ka ba ku’a li bɛdigʋ.<ref>Ro, Sang-ho (2021). ''Neo-Confucianism and Science in Korea: Humanity and Nature, 1706–1814''. Oxon: Routledge. p. 58. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-367-44100-5|978-0-367-44100-5]]</bdi>.</ref> Ba da sɛɛd dankal nɛ Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshimune lɔmbɔn’ɔg ni.<ref>Takekoshi, Yosaburō (1930). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZoV8ti9RZBgC&pg=PA352 Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan]''. Taylor & Francis. p. 352. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780415323802https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415323802|9780415323802]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZoV8ti9RZBgC&pg=PA352#v=onepage&q&f=false Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2015.</ref> Li da paae Korea nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ anaasi ni (1764).<ref>Kim, Jinwung (2012). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QFPsi3IK8gcC&pg=PA255 A History of Korea: From 'Land of the Morning Calm' to states in conflict]''. Indiana University Press. p. 255. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0253000781|978-0253000781]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172259/https://books.google.com/books?id=QFPsi3IK8gcC&pg=PA255#v=onepage&q&f=false Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2015.</ref> Kang P'il-ri nɛ Yi Kwang-ryŏ da gban’a gba’ar ye ba tʋm dankal tʋʋma bɛ Seoul yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ ayuobʋ ni (1766), mɔr nɛ ya’am kanɛ ka ba da zamisi yi Japanese dim ni yi Tongnae da pin’il yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ anaasi ni (1764). Nwa’ da tʋm ya paae yʋʋm bɛn ka lɛb nya’aŋ ʋʋn saŋa yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisyɔpɔi nɛ pisyuobʋ nɛ ayɔpɔi ni (1767) onɛ yʋ’ʋri buon Kang kum nya’aŋ la.<ref>Ro (2021), 59.</ref> '''Yʋda''' Baa la’anɛ lin pʋ kpi’em la, ba buon dankal si’eba nɛ "busa" bɛ North America zin’ig si’eba, dankal bɛɛ li kɔn’ nɛ busa mɛŋir (''Dioscorea''), linɛ yadigid tɔ’ɔtɔ’ɔs,<ref>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328349-2 "''Dioscorea''"]. ''Plants of the World Online''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190810160204/http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328349-2https://web.archive.org/web/20190810160204/http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:328349-2 Archived] from the original on 10 August 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.</ref> ka paas nɛ monocot mɔɔd buudi Dioscoreaceae ni. Mɔɔg yinnɛ mɛn, ka ba buon ''oca'' (''Oxalis tuberosa'', ka li vaand mɛ labis), ka ba buon ye "busa" dunia zin’ig si’eba ni.<ref>[https://cipotato.org/genebankcip/genebankcip/process/oca/ "Oca"]. ''[[:en:International_Potato_Center|International Potato Center]] (CIP) Genebank''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172318/https://cipotato.org/genebankcip/process/oca/ Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2021.</ref> Baa dankal nɛ potato pʋ kpin la, ba yʋ’ʋr la nwan bi’ela. Europe nidib banɛ da lɛm dankal yiiga da anɛ  banɛ da paas Christopher Columbus ka ba tu suori bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbisnaasi nɛ piswai nɛ ayi ni (1492). Lin nya’aŋ ka vɛɛnsidib nyɛ ka nidib kuodi li ka lɛɛ pʋdi li ba buudi yʋda, amaa yʋ’ʋr kanɛ da yʋʋg anɛ Taíno kudumin dimi da pʋd ye ''batata'' la. Spanish dim da la’as nwa’ nɛ Quechua dim yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba da pʋd dankal, ye ''papa'', ani ka ba da buon dankal ye ''patata''.<ref>Herrero, María Antonieta Andión (2004). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wwI4nMg5r70C&pg=PA78 Los indigenismos en la Historia de las Indias de Bartolomé de las Casas]'' (in Spanish). Editorial CSIC – [[:en:CSIC_Press|CSIC Press]]. p. 78. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-84-00-08266-6|978-84-00-08266-6]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172324/https://books.google.com/books?id=wwI4nMg5r70C&pg=PA78#v=onepage&q&f=false Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</ref> Baa Hebrew dimi mɛ buon dankal ye ''batata'' (בטטה‎) ba buudi pian’adin la, li ka’a ye ba wʋm nɛ yi Taíno dim buolig nii. Amaa, Spanish dimi buon ''patata'' la ka ba da ti’aki li lɛbis Arabic ka buon ye ''batata'' (بطاطا‎), bɔzugɔ, ba pʋ mɔr sɔb bil  /p/ ka li bɛ Arabic nii, lin ka ba da buon dankal ye ''batata ḥilwa'' (بطاطا حلوة‎); ka li pʋn anɛ ('dankal'). Arabic dimi buon ''batata'' la Hebrew dim da zamisi li ka buon ka li anɛ dankal ma’a yʋ’ʋr, bɔzugɔ Hebrew dim da mɔr yʋ’ʋr kanɛ ka ba pʋn tis potato sa ye, תפוח אדמה‎ (''tapuakh adama'', ka li gbin an 'dunia apple'; ka French pian’ad ni an ''pomme de terre''). Luga si’eba nɛ vɛɛnvɛɛnsidib si’eba bɔɔd ye ba sɔm yʋ’ʋr la la’as mumi li na’asaalin la ye—''sweetpotato''—ka ka’a ba pʋdigi li ayiŋa, ka li nyaŋi pa’al ye li bɛ li kɔn’ nɛ potatoes nɛ busa ka li mɛ kɛ ka nidib da nɔki li maal ye potato.<ref>[https://cipotato.org/research/sweet-potato/sweetpotato-one-word-or-two/ "Sweetpotato: One Word or Two?"]. [[:en:International_Potato_Center|International Potato Center]] (CIP). 12 November 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191228015852/https://cipotato.org/research/sweet-potato/sweetpotato-one-word-or-two/ Archived] from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref><ref>Averre, Charles W.; Wilson, L. George. [https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/plantpath/extension/commodities/sweetpotato-one-word.html "Sweetpotato — Why one word?"]. ''NCSU Plant Pathology''. [[:en:North_Carolina_State_University|North Carolina State University]] Department of Plant Pathology. [https://web.archive.org/web/20191230002128/https://projects.ncsu.edu/cals/plantpath/extension/commodities/sweetpotato-one-word.html Archived] from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.</ref><ref>Loebenstein, Gad; Thottappilly, George, eds. (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5Wu-4sqzOD8Chttps://books.google.com/books?id=5Wu-4sqzOD8C The Sweetpotato]''. [[:en:Springer_Science_&_Business_Media|Springer Science & Business Media]]. p. 298. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9781402094750|9781402094750]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172319/https://books.google.com/books?id=5Wu-4sqzOD8C Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 30 December 2019.</ref> Ban buoni li si’em America na’asaalin zina, ba la’asid yʋ’ʋr la nɛ sɔbid mummi.<ref>[https://vric.ucdavis.edu/pdf/SWEETPOTATO/What_is_a_sweetpotato.pdf "What is a Sweetpotato?"] (PDF), ''UC Vegetable Research & Information Center'', Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, [[:en:University_of_California|University of California]], p. 2, October 2010, [https://web.archive.org/web/20200927122350/https://vric.ucdavis.edu/pdf/SWEETPOTATO/What_is_a_sweetpotato.pdf archived] (PDF) from the original on 27 September 2020, retrieved 29 December 2019</ref> Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, nɛ Dominican Republic tɛɛnsin, ba buon dankal ye ''batata''. Brazil tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye ''batata doce''. Mexico tɛŋin, Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Central America, nɛ Philippines tɛɛnsin, ba buon dankal ye ''camote'' (ka si’eba sɔbidi li ''kamote'' bɛ Philippines pian’adin), ba nyɛ yʋ’ʋr nwa’ yinɛ Nahuatl buudi pian’ak ''camotli''.<ref>[https://dle.rae.es/camote El Diccionario de la lengua española, Real Academia Española]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130427213956/http://elgaleon.weebly.com/page-18.html "Nahuatl influences in Tagalog"]. ''[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=El_Gal%C3%A9on_de_Acapulco_News&action=edit&redlink=1 El Galéon de Acapulco News]''. Embajada de México, Filipinas. Archived from the original on 27 April 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2012."Nahuatl influences in Tagalog". ''El Galéon de Acapulco News''. Embajada de México, Filipinas. Archived from [http://elgaleon.weebly.com/page-18.html the original] on 27 April 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2012.</ref> Peru nɛ Bolivia, ban buoni li si’em anɛ ''apichu'', amaa ba bɛ buudi buudi ka si’eba an ''khumara'', ''kumar'' (Ayacucho Quechua), nɛ ''kumara'' (Bolivian Quechua),<ref>Diccionario Quechua Simi Taqe AMLQ. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220221093622/https://www.runa-simi.org/simitaqe/id-327-apichu.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20220221093622/https://www.runa-simi.org/simitaqe/id-327-apichu.html "Quechua: apichu"]. ''www.runa-simi.org'' (in Spanish). Archived from [https://www.runa-simi.org/simitaqe/id-327-apichu.html the original] on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2021.</ref> li wan nɛ Polynesian dimi buon ye ''kumara'' nɛ yʋ’ʋr banɛ paas (''kumala'', ''umala'', ''ʻuala'', etc.)<ref>[http://www.hear.org/pier/species/ipomoea_batatas.htm "Ipomoea batatas"]. ''Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk: Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230701075629/http://www.hear.org/pier/species/ipomoea_batatas.htm Archived] from the original on 1 July 2023. Retrieved 1 July 2023.</ref>, linɛ kɛ ka vɛɛnsidib ye li yinɛ pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact ni. <ref>Doucleff, Michaeleen (23 January 2013). [https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/01/22/169980441/how-the-sweet-potato-crossed-the-pacific-before-columbus "How The Sweet Potato Crossed The Pacific Way Before The Europeans Did"]. ''[[:en:NPR|NPR]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211015120513/https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2013/01/22/169980441/how-the-sweet-potato-crossed-the-pacific-before-columbus Archived] from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.</ref>Vɛɛnsig nwa’ mɛ nyɛ paŋi yinɛ ban vɛɛnsi gɔs mɔɔg la tuŋ ka li an ala.<ref>Timmer, John (21 January 2013). [https://arstechnica.com/science/2013/01/polynesians-reached-south-america-picked-up-sweet-potatoes-went-home "Polynesians reached South America, picked up sweet potatoes, went home"]. ''[[:en:Ars_Technica|Ars Technica]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200708155215/https://arstechnica.com/science/2013/01/polynesians-reached-south-america-picked-up-sweet-potatoes-went-home/ Archived] from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.</ref> Australia tɛŋin, ban kuod dankal si’a anɛ abija 'Beauregard',<ref>Rolston, L. H.; Clark, C. A.; Cannon, J. M.; Randle, W. M.; Riley, E. G.; Wilson, P. W.; Robbins, M. L. (December 1987). [https://journals.ashs.org/hortsci/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/22/6/article-p1338.xmlv "Beauregard' Sweet Potato"]. ''HortScience''. '''22''' (6): 1338–1339. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.22.6.1338|10.21273/HORTSCI.22.6.1338]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:89381179 89381179]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172741/https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/view/journals/hortsci/22/6/article-p1338.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 13 September 2023.v</ref> linɛ da yi nɛ<ref>Main, Jeffrey L.; Silva, Juan; Arancibia, Ramon (May 2016). [https://www.mafes.msstate.edu/publications/bulletins/b1221.pdf "Mississippi Sweetpotato Variety Trial, 2013"] (PDF). Mississippi Agricultural & Forestry Experiment Station. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231011052244/https://www.mafes.msstate.edu/publications/bulletins/b1221.pdfhttps://web.archive.org/web/20231011052244/https://www.mafes.msstate.edu/publications/bulletins/b1221.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 29 December 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.nifa.usda.gov/about-nifa/blogs/state-success-louisiana "State of Success: Louisiana"]. ''nifa.usda.gov National Institute of Food and Agriculture''. 9 November 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230906214935/https://www.nifa.usda.gov/about-nifa/blogs/state-success-louisiana Archived] from the original on 6 September 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2023.</ref> Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station ni yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii nɛ yinnɛ ni (1981).<ref>Dominic Jolimont; Margaret Jolimont. [http://slater.ncg.org.au/sweet-potato/ "Sweet potato"]. ''Slater Community Gardens''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710122359/http://slater.ncg.org.au/sweet-potato/ Archived] from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</ref> New Zealand tɛŋin, Māori buudi da nyɛ’ɛd fʋomafʋoma ka ba pa’ad nɛ bʋʋlim la an pi’elig,<ref>Yen, D. E. (1963). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4252401 "The New Zealand Kumara or Sweet Potato"]. ''[[:en:Economic_Botany|Economic Botany]]''. '''17''' (1): 31–45. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963EcBot..17...31Y 1963EcBot..17...31Y]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/BF02985351|10.1007/BF02985351]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0001 0013-0001]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4252401 4252401]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32823869https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32823869v 32823869]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201020151953/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4252401 Archived] from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2020.</ref> linɛ ka ba gɔs ka ye li yinɛ European dim banɛ da tuud suor la ni na.<ref>Field, Michael (23 January 2013). [http://www.stuff.co.nz/editors-picks/8213421/Kumara-origin-points-to-pan-Pacific-voyage "Kumara origin points to pan-Pacific voyage"]. ''[[:en:Stuff.co.nz|stuff.co.nz]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710122356/http://www.stuff.co.nz/editors-picks/8213421/Kumara-origin-points-to-pan-Pacific-voyage Archived] from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</ref> Ba buon ye ''kumara'' (yit nɛ Māori pian’ad ni, ''kūmara''), ban kuod sɔ’ saŋa nwa anɛ bʋnzi’an la 'Owairaka', amaa, ba mɛ kuod orange ('Beauregard'), gold, purple nɛ si’eba.<ref>Yen, D. E. (1963). "The New Zealand Kumara or Sweet Potato". ''[[:en:Economic_Botany|Economic Botany]]''. '''17''' (1): 31–45. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1963EcBot..17...31Y 1963EcBot..17...31Y]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/bf02985351https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02985351|10.1007/bf02985351]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4252401 4252401]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32823869 32823869].</ref><ref>[http://www.kumara.co.nz/types-of-kumara.html "Types of kumara grown in New Zealand"]. ''Kaipara Kumara''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710122354/http://www.kumara.co.nz/types-of-kumara.html Archived] from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</ref> ==Pa,alʋg== [[File:Genasu gadde (Kannada ಗೆಣಸು ಗಡ್ಡೆ) (49108875711).jpg|thumb|left|The flowers, buds, and leaves of the sweet potato, which resemble those of the [[morning glory]]]] [[File:Sweet potato seeds.jpg|thumb|Seeds|left]] === Zin’ig === Mɔɔg la pʋ bɔɔd zin’ig kanɛ ma’ad paa nɛ. Li nɔbigid sʋŋa zin’ig banɛ ka tʋʋlig zɛnmis wʋʋ 24 °C (75 °F), ka nintaŋ mɛ bɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ yʋ’ʋŋyʋ’ʋŋ. Ka yʋʋm wʋsa saa makir bɛn an wʋʋ 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) zin’ig ban ka li bɔɔd, ka li nɔbigir saŋa la mɛ an wan wʋʋ 500 mm (20 in). Bʋnbʋtir la pʋ bɔɔd kuonɔŋɔ, li ya’a pin’in nyɛ’ɛb la, wan wʋʋ dabpisnu paae dabpisyuobʋ saŋa (50–60 days) ka sɛɛb nya’aŋ, li mɛ pʋ lɛn bɔɔd kuom alasaa, li ya’a ka’a ala nyɛ’ɛlim la na pʋn’ɔe ka san’am nya’a la pɛbisim kae la zug.<ref>Ahn, Peter (1993). ''Tropical soils and fertilizer use''. Intermediate Tropical Agriculture Series. UK: Longman Scientific and Technical Ltd. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-582-77507-7|978-0-582-77507-7]]</bdi>.</ref> Li bɛnɛ zin’ig la an si’em nɛ lin an dankal si’a, mɔɔd banɛ maan diib nya’a ni maani ba diib lin yi nwadis ayi paae awai ni. fʋ ya’a gɔsi ba titua ka ba nyaŋi maal tɔ’ɔ li na nyaŋi zi’en zin’ig banɛ ka tɛŋ la tul, ka ba si’eba an Eastern United States nɛ China. Dankal pʋ maan puum winnig ya’a yi hali tʋʋg hour piinɛyinnɛ, wan wʋʋ tʋʋlig la bɛ si’em zin’is si’eba la. Ba digini ba bʋnbuuda nɛ til, bɛɛ nya’a bɛɛ o daʋg linɛ na ti bus vaand. Bi’elim la ka ba lɛɛ mɔri bud ka li bʋnpaala yit nas.<ref>[https://homeguides.sfgate.com/pollinating-sweet-potatoes-74929.html "Pollinating Sweet Potatoes"]. Home Guides. ''[[:en:SF_Gate|SF Gate]]''. 11 May 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160415153410/https://homeguides.sfgate.com/pollinating-sweet-potatoes-74929.html Archived] from the original on 15 April 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2021.</ref> Ba nɔbigid sʋŋa ba ya’a nyɛt bʋnsi’eba ka mɛ mɔr dataas; ba pʋ bɔɔd tiim kanɛ puusidi kʋʋd mɔɔd la. Dankal bɔɔd tɛŋ sʋŋ zin’igin, zin’ig kanɛ ka kuom pʋ diginida, ka nintaŋ bɛ- ka tɛŋ la ka’a kuga wala ka li zɛɛnsim an wan wʋʋ 4.5–7.0 mɔɔg la bɔɔd tɛŋ si’a la.<ref name=":0">Woolfe, Jennifer A. (5 March 1992). ''Sweet Potato: An Untapped Food Resource''. Cambridge, UK: [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press]] (CUP) and the [[:en:International_Potato_Center|International Potato Center]] (CIP). [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780521402958|9780521402958]]</bdi>.</ref> Fʋ tɔn’ɔ sɛɛ li tɛnkanɛ ka kʋ’ʋlʋm kae ka mɛ niŋ bugulum bi’ela. amaa, dankal pʋ bɔɔd zɛɛnsim si’ebaa ka linɛ ka ba buon aluminium toxicity la ka na kpi bakwai ayuobʋ yela ka sɛɛb nya’aŋ fʋ ya’a pʋ gɛndig linɛ buon lime la sɛ zin’ig ban buudi nii.<ref name=":0" /> Ban sɛɛ di ba ka ka’a linɛ bʋd la, dankal sɛɛb pʋ tɔi ya. Vaand la ya’a ti bus, li bɔɔd kuob bi’ela. Tiim kanɛ ka ba mɔri puusidi yisid mɔɔd banɛ paas dankal  pʋʋgin anɛ DCPA, ka ba mɛ lɛn buon ye Dacthal. Tɛŋ banɛ ni ka tʋʋlig bɛ la, fʋ tɔn’ɔ bas nyɛ’ɛlim la tɛŋin la ka tuud bi’elbi’el dʋgʋd bɛɛ kuosid. Tʋʋlig zin’is la ni, ba bʋd dankal nɛ pɔtitada ni ka tuud ka ma’asig saŋa nyaan paad. Ba kuod dankal ma’asig nɛ tʋʋlig saŋa wʋsa [[Ku'om|kuom]] ya’a bɛ ka ba na nyaŋi vue.<ref>O'Hair, Stephen K. (1990). "Tropical root and tuber crops". In Janick, J.; Simon, J.E. (eds.). ''[http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1990/V1-424.html Advances in New Crops]''. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 424–428. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141005190418/http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1990/V1-424.html Archived] from the original on 5 October 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2014.</ref> Dankal da yi paalʋ na an diib bʋn bɛnɛ Pacific Ocean, South India, Uganda nɛ Africa tɛŋ si’eba ni.<ref>Roullier, Caroline; Duputié, Anne; Wennekes, Paul; Benoit, Laure; Fernández Bringas, Víctor Manuel; Rossel, Genoveva; Tay, David; McKey, Doyle; Lebot, Vincent (27 May 2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3664560 "Disentangling the Origins of Cultivated Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)"]. ''PLOS ONE''. '''8''' (5): e62707. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...862707R 2013PLoSO...862707R]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062707|10.1371/journal.pone.0062707]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203 1932-6203]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3664560 3664560]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23723970 23723970].</ref> Dankal buudi yinnɛ kanɛ ka ba buon ''boniato'' ka Caribbean dim kuod; li bʋʋlim la wan wʋʋ cream-color an si’em, lin pʋ wanna abija bɛɛ banɛ kpɛlim ka ba kuod la. ''Boniatos'' pʋ malis ka mɔr kuom wan wʋʋ dankal si’ebaa, amaa ba malisim la bɛɛ li kɔn’ nɛ onɛ mɔr orange color la. {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" |'''Sweet potato production – 2020''' |- |'''Country''' |'''Production''' '''(millions of tonnes)''' |- | China |48.9 |- | Malawi |6.9 |- | Tanzania |4.4 |- | Angola |1.7 |- | Ethiopia |1.6 |- |'''World''' |'''89.5''' |- | colspan="2" |Source: FAOSTAT of the United Nations<ref name=":1">[http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC "Sweet potato production in 2019; World Regions/Production Quantity from pick lists"]. Statistics Division (FAOSTAT). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231016103427/https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC Archived] from the original on 16 October 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2021.</ref> |} Dankal paas saalib banɛ bɛ U.S. diib pʋʋgin bɛ ba kudumin dim yela ni, li kaskas anɛ li yadagɔbʋg-nya’aŋ. Ban did dankal si’em bɛ United States anɛ wan wʋʋ 1.5–2 kg (3.3–4.4 lb) yʋʋm pʋʋgin, kɛŋ paae 13 kg (29 lb) yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisi ni (1920). "Dankal banɛ an dɔnbuulum buudi la (dankal kanɛ zuoe bɛ US) da nyɛ nidib siakir bɛdigʋ gaad banɛ an yellow bɛɛ purple nam la."<ref name=":2">Leksrisompong, P.P.; Whitson, M.E.; Truong, V.D.; Drake, M.A. (2012). "Sensory attributes and consumer acceptance of sweet potato cultivars with varying flesh colors". ''Journal of Sensory Studies''. '''27''' (1): 59–69. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1745-459x.2011.00367.x|10.1111/j.1745-459x.2011.00367.x]].</ref> nidib da pʋ nɔŋ Purple nɛ yellow dankalnam wan wʋʋ ban nɔŋ orange dankal si’em la "daasi’erɛ nidib la miilim nɛ orange color ka dankal la color mɛ an ala."<ref name=":2" /> Fʋ ya’a kɛŋ yadagɔbʋg-ya’nya’aŋ U.S., ba da yisid ku'om la nɛ ka basidi li ka li nyaŋi digini yuug, ka malisim paas, ka maal ningbina sʋŋa, ka bas ka zin’ig banɛ ki’a tuub saŋa la da kɛ ka li san’am.<ref>[http://www.ncsweetpotatoes.com/ "Sweet potatoes"]. North Carolina Sweet Potato Commission (NCSPC). [https://web.archive.org/web/19990427215218/http://www.ncsweetpotatoes.com/ Archived] from the original on 27 April 1999. Retrieved 22 July 2006.</ref> Fun na niŋ si’em sʋ’a nɛ’ɛ tituaa anɛ fʋn na dɛlig linɛ ka fʋ tu paalim la tɛŋin hour ayi bɛɛ atan’ ka su’a li zin’ig kanɛ ka tʋʋlig an 29–32 °C (85–90 °F) ka pɛbisim bɛ lin yi da ba nu paae piinɛnaasi. Dankal banɛ ka ba sʋ’a sʋ’ʋŋa na nyaŋi bɛ paae nwadis piinɛ atan’ fʋ ya’a sʋ’a li zin’ig kanɛ ka tʋʋlig an wan wʋʋ 13–15 °C (55–59 °F) ka pɛbisim bɛ. waad san’amid nyɛ’ɛlim la nɛ.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110526063807/http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/sweetpotato.html "Sweetpotato: Organic Production"]. National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service. Archived from [http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/sweetpotato.html the original] on 26 May 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2010.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101105211935/http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/Produce/ProduceFacts/Veg/sweetpotato.shtml "Sweet potato"]. Produce Facts. UC Davis. Archived from [http://postharvest.ucdavis.edu/Produce/ProduceFacts/Veg/sweetpotato.shtml the original] on 5 November 2010.</ref> '''kuob''' Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi ni (2020), dunia wʋsa dankal kuob da anɛ  89 million tonnes, ka tɛŋ kanɛ da kua gaad o taaba an China da mɔr nɛ pisnu nɛ anu, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (55%) dankal kanɛ bɛ dunia wʋsa. Banɛ da dɔl nya’aŋ  da anɛ Malawi, Tanzania, nɛ Nigeria.<ref name=":1" /> Li anɛ di kanɛ paasa anu ni ka tɛnbanɛ nan nɔbigid la kuod.<ref name=":3">Verma, Virendra M. (8 November 2016). [https://comlandgrant.org/development-of-salt-tolerant-sweet-potato-ipomoea-batatas-l-lam-through-tissue-culture/ "Development of Salt Tolerant Sweet Potato (''Ipomoea batatas'' (L.) Lam.) through Tissue Culture"]. ''College of Micronesia - Land Grant Program''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20241205142723/https://comlandgrant.org/development-of-salt-tolerant-sweet-potato-ipomoea-batatas-l-lam-through-tissue-culture/ Archived] from the original on 5 December 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2025.</ref> Ba maan vɛɛnsig ye ba yina nɛ dankal banɛ na nyaŋi nyɛ’ɛ yaarim zin’ig ban na niŋ si’em ka saa nɛ nintaŋ da san’ami baa.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Rahman, Atiq; Uddin, Nasir (2022). "Challenges and Opportunities for Saline Agriculture in Coastal Bangladesh". In Negacz, Katarzyna; Vellinga, Pier; Barrett-Lennard, Edward; Choukr-Allah, Redouane; Elzenga, Theo (eds.). ''[[iarchive:oapen-20.500.12657-48840/page/139|Future of Sustainable Agriculture in Saline Environments]]'' (First ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. p. 139. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-367-62146-9|978-0-367-62146-9]]</bdi>. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1256558135 1256558135]. Retrieved 8 February 2025.</ref> '''Ban’as''' Dankal ban’as anɛ Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (Crinivirus).<ref name=":4">Jones, Roger; Naidu, Rayapati (2019). [[doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015606|"Global Dimensions of Plant Virus Diseases: Current Status and Future Perspectives".]] ''[[:en:Annual_Review_of_Virology|Annual Review of Virology]]''. '''6''' (1). [[:en:Annual_Reviews_(publisher)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_Reviews_(publisher)|Annual Reviews]]: 387–409. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015606|10.1146/annurev-virology-092818-015606]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2327-056X 2327-056X]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31283443 31283443]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:195845201 195845201].</ref> Li ya’a la’as nɛ ban’as si’ebanam, Untiveros et al., 2007 da vɛɛnsi nyɛ ka SPCSV maligim mɔr paŋ hali san’amidi ba.<ref name=":4" /> ''I. batatas'' namisid nɛ ''Phytophthora''s ban’as ka ba si’eba an ''P. carotovorum'', ''P. odoriferum'', nɛ ''P. wasabiae''.<ref>Charkowski, Amy (2018). "The Changing Face of Bacterial Soft-Rot Diseases". ''[[:en:Annual_Review_of_Phytopathology|Annual Review of Phytopathology]]''. '''56''' (1). [[:en:Annual_Reviews_(publisher)|Annual Reviews]]: 269–288. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045906|10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045906]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0066-4286 0066-4286]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29958075 29958075]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:49619951 49619951].</ref> == Tʋʋma == '''Biim''' {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" |'''Sweet potato, cooked, baked in skin, without salt''' |- | colspan="2" valign="top" |'''Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)''' |- | valign="top" |'''Energy''' | valign="top" |378 kJ (90 kcal) |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Carbohydrates''' |20.7 g |- | valign="top" |Starch |7.05 g |- | valign="top" |Sugars |6.5 g |- | valign="top" |Dietary fiber |3.3 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Fat''' |0.15 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Protein''' |2.0 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |'''show''' '''Vitamins and minerals''' |} |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Other constituents''' |'''Quantity''' |- | valign="top" |Water |75.8 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | ----''"Sweet potato". USDA Database. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2021.'' |- | colspan="2" valign="top" |^†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,<ref name=":5">[https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"]. ''FDA''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels Archived] from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.</ref> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.<ref name=":6">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428/table/tab_4_7/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428/table/tab_4_7/ "TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report"]. Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". ''Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium''. pp. 101–124. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.17226/25353https://doi.org/10.17226/25353|10.17226/25353]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1|978-0-309-48834-1]]</bdi>. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154 30844154]. [[:en:Bookshelf_ID_(identifier)|NCBI]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545428 NBK545428].</ref> |} {| class="wikitable" | colspan="2" |'''Raw sweet potato''' |- | colspan="2" valign="top" |'''Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)''' |- | valign="top" |'''Energy''' | valign="top" |359 kJ (86 kcal) |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Carbohydrates''' |20.1 g |- | valign="top" |Starch |12.7 g |- | valign="top" |Sugars |4.2 g |- | valign="top" |Dietary fiber |3 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Fat''' |0.1 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Protein''' |1.6 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |'''show''' '''Vitamins and minerals''' |} |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | |- | valign="top" |'''Other constituents''' |'''Quantity''' |- | valign="top" |Water |77.3 g |- | colspan="2" valign="top" | ----''"Sweet potato, raw". USDA Database. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2021.'' |- | colspan="2" valign="top" |^†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,<ref name=":5" /> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.<ref name=":6" /> |} Dankal kanɛ ka ba dug (ka ba sɛn’ɛ) mɔr [[Ku'om|kuom]] 76%, 21% carbohydrates, 2% protein, nɛ kpaam finn).  Fʋ ya’a nɔk 100 gram, dankal sɛn’ɛda tisid 90 calories, ka mɔr (20% bɛɛ li gaad ala, Daily Value, DV) mɔr vitamin A (120% DV), vitamin C (24% DV), manganese (24% DV), nɛ vitamin B6 (20% DV). Ka la’abama mɛ bɛ bi’ela (10–19% DV) an B vitamins nɛ potassium. Sikir kanɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la wʋʋ pisnu paae piswai, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (50% and 90% ) an sikir kanɛ ka ba buon sucrose.<ref name=":7">Lai Y, Huang C, Liao WC (2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791245 "Studies of sugar composition and starch morphology of baked sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam)"]. ''J[[:en:Journal_of_Food_Science_and_Technology|ournal of Food Science and Technology]]''. '''58''' (6): 1193–11999. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s13197-011-0453-6|10.1007/s13197-011-0453-6]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791245https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3791245 3791245]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24426034 24426034].</ref> Maltose pʋ zuoe li pʋʋginɛ, amaa fʋ ya’a tʋligi li bugum ni, li na kɛ ka maltose kanɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la nɔbig an wʋʋ piiga paae pisi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (10% nɛ 20% tɛnsʋk).<ref name=":7" /> Dankal buudi banɛ ka ba bʋʋlim la color an sabilig bi’ela la mɔr beta-carotene (nwa’ ti’akid nɛ kilimid vitamin A, fʋ ya’a dii li) gaad banɛ mɔr bʋʋlim la ka li pɛlig, ka ba kpɛmisid [[Africa yɛla|Africa]] dim ye ba ku’a bɔzugɔ anina ka vitamin A an yela ka li an ban’asi tis nidib. <ref name=":8">Dyer, Mary H. (21 May 2015). [https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/sweet-potato/are-sweet-potato-leaves-edible.htm "Are sweet potato leaves edible?"]. ''Gardening Know How''. Potato vine plant leaves. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180323102952/https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/sweet-potato/are-sweet-potato-leaves-edible.htm Archived] from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 23 April 2018.</ref>Dankal vaand la anɛ diib bʋn ka fʋ na nyaŋi dʋgi li wan wʋʋ zɛnma’asa nɛ.<ref name=":8" /> '''makir ne disi'eba''' Tebul kanɛ bɛ tɛŋir la pa’al nɛ dankal nɛ di si’eba ka ba diti ba si’em'''^[G]''' ba ya’a an kpi’emis, ban nyaŋi baŋ [[Ku'om|kuom]] kanɛ bɛ diib woo pʋʋgin la zug. Baa Dankal pʋ tisid paŋ wala sa bɛɛ maan ningbina wala sa fʋ ya’a nɔki ba mak nɛ bi’elim diib tɛbisim pʋʋgin, li maan ningbina gat bi’elim diib.<ref>Scott, G.; Best, R.; Rosegrant, M.; Bokanga, M. (2000). ''[http://www.cipotato.org/publications/pdf/002468.pdf Roots and tubers in the global food system: A vision statement to the year 2020]'' (PDF). International Potato Center, and others. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-9060-203-3|978-92-9060-203-3]]</bdi>. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012.v</ref> Vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization vɛɛns la pa’al ye dankal anɛ dikanɛ ka fʋ na nyaŋi sɛ’ fʋ pɔɔgin, ka li nyɛ’ɛd wan wʋʋ 70,000 kcal hectare pʋʋgin (28,000/acre) / day.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0207e/T0207E04.htmhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/t0207e/T0207E04.htm "Roots, tubers, plantains and bananas in human nutrition"]. [[:en:Food_and_Agriculture_Organization|Food and Agriculture Organization]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171029173241/http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0207e/T0207E04.htmhttps://web.archive.org/web/20171029173241/http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0207e/T0207E04.htm Archived] from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017.</ref> {| class="wikitable" | colspan="12" |'''Ningbina diib kanɛ bɛ diibnam zin’is piiga ba kuom la ya’a yi'''<ref>[https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/ "Nutrient data laboratory"]. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 10 August 2016.</ref> |- |'''Staple''' |'''[[Kawεnna|Kawɛnna]] (corn)^[A]''' |'''[[mui]], white^[B]''' |'''Wheat^[C]''' |'''Potatoes^[D]''' |'''Cassava^[E]''' |'''[[bɛŋa]], green^[F]''' |'''Dankal^[G]''' |'''[[Busa yɛla|Busa]]^[Y]''' |'''Sorghum^[H]''' |'''Plantain^[Z]''' |'''RDA''' |- |[[Ku'om|Kuom]] (%) |10 |12 |13 |'''79''' |60 |68 |77 |70 |9 |65 | |- |Raw grams per 100 g dry weight |111 |114 |115 |'''476''' |250 |313 |435 |333 |110 |286 | |- |'''Nutrient''' | | | | | | | | | | | |- |Paŋ (kJ) |1698 |1736 |1574 |1533 |1675 |'''1922''' |1565 |1647 |1559 |1460 |8,368–10,460 |- |Protein (g) |10.4 |8.1 |14.5 |9.5 |3.5 |'''40.6''' |7.0 |5.0 |12.4 |3.7 |50 |- |Fat (g) |5.3 |0.8 |1.8 |0.4 |0.7 |'''21.6''' |0.2 |0.6 |3.6 |1.1 |44–77 |- |Carbohydrates (g) |82 |91 |82 |81 |'''95''' |34 |87 |93 |82 |91 |130 |- |Fiber (g) |8.1 |1.5 |'''14.0''' |10.5 |4.5 |13.1 |13.0 |13.7 |6.9 |6.6 |30 |- |Sikir (g) |0.7 |0.1 |0.5 |3.7 |4.3 |0.0 |18.2 |1.7 |0.0 |'''42.9''' |minimal |- |'''Minerals''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_AA|[A]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_BB|[B]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_CC|[C]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_DD|[D]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_EE|[E]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_FF|[F]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_GG|[G]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_YY|[Y]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_HH|[H]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_ZZ|[Z]]]}''' |'''[[:en:Recommended_Dietary_Allowance|RDA]]''' |- |Calcium (mg) |8 |32 |33 |57 |40 |'''616''' |130 |57 |31 |9 |1,000 |- |Iron (mg) |3.01 |0.91 |3.67 |3.71 |0.68 |'''11.09''' |2.65 |1.80 |4.84 |1.71 |8 |- |Magnesium (mg) |141 |28 |145 |110 |53 |'''203''' |109 |70 |0 |106 |400 |- |Phosphorus (mg) |233 |131 |331 |271 |68 |'''606''' |204 |183 |315 |97 |700 |- |Potassium (mg) |319 |131 |417 |2005 |678 |1938 |1465 |'''2720''' |385 |1426 |4700 |- |Sodium (mg) |39 |6 |2 |29 |35 |47 |'''239''' |30 |7 |11 |1,500 |- |Zinc (mg) |2.46 |1.24 |3.05 |1.38 |0.85 |'''3.09''' |1.30 |0.80 |0.00 |0.40 |11 |- |Copper (mg) |0.34 |0.25 |0.49 |0.52 |0.25 |0.41 |'''0.65''' |0.60 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |0.23 |0.9 |- |Manganese (mg) |0.54 |1.24 |'''4.59''' |0.71 |0.95 |1.72 |1.13 |1.33 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |2.3 |- |Selenium (μg) |17.2 |17.2 |'''81.3''' |1.4 |1.8 |4.7 |2.6 |2.3 |0.0 |4.3 |55 |- |'''Vitamins''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_AA|[A]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_BB|[B]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_CC|[C]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_DD|[D]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_EE|[E]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_FF|[F]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_GG|[G]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_YY|[Y]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_HH|[H]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_ZZ|[Z]]]}''' |'''[[:en:Recommended_Dietary_Allowance|RDA]]''' |- |Vitamin C (mg) |0.0 |0.0 |0.0 |'''93.8''' |51.5 |90.6 |10.4 |57.0 |0.0 |52.6 |90 |- |Thiamin (B1) (mg) |0.43 |0.08 |0.34 |0.38 |0.23 |'''1.38''' |0.35 |0.37 |0.26 |0.14 |1.2 |- |Riboflavin (B2) (mg) |0.22 |0.06 |0.14 |0.14 |0.13 |'''0.56''' |0.26 |0.10 |0.15 |0.14 |1.3 |- |Niacin (B3) (mg) |4.03 |1.82 |'''6.28''' |5.00 |2.13 |5.16 |2.43 |1.83 |3.22 |1.97 |16 |- |Pantothenic acid (B5) (mg) |0.47 |1.15 |1.09 |1.43 |0.28 |0.47 |'''3.48''' |1.03 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |0.74 |5 |- |Vitamin B6 (mg) |0.69 |0.18 |0.34 |'''1.43''' |0.23 |0.22 |0.91 |0.97 |<nowiki>-</nowiki> |0.86 |1.3 |- |Folate Total (B9) (μg) |21 |9 |44 |76 |68 |'''516''' |48 |77 |0 |63 |400 |- |Vitamin A (IU) |238 |0 |10 |10 |33 |563 |'''4178''' |460 |0 |3220 |5000 |- |Vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol (mg) |0.54 |0.13 |1.16 |0.05 |0.48 |0.00 |1.13 |'''1.30''' |0.00 |0.40 |15 |- |Vitamin K1 (μg) |0.3 |0.1 |2.2 |'''9.0''' |4.8 |0.0 |7.8 |8.7 |0.0 |2.0 |120 |- |Beta-carotene (μg) |108 |0 |6 |5 |20 |0 |'''36996''' |277 |0 |1306 |10500 |- |Lutein+zeaxanthin (μg) |'''1506''' |0 |253 |38 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |86 |6000 |- |'''Fats''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_AA|[A]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_BB|[B]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_CC|[C]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_DD|[D]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_EE|[E]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_FF|[F]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_GG|[G]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_YY|[Y]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_HH|[H]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_ZZ|[Z]]]}''' |'''[[:en:Recommended_Dietary_Allowance|RDA]]''' |- |Saturated fatty acids (g) |0.74 |0.20 |0.30 |0.14 |0.18 |'''2.47''' |0.09 |0.13 |0.51 |0.40 |minimal |- |Monounsaturated fatty acids (g) |1.39 |0.24 |0.23 |0.00 |0.20 |'''4.00''' |0.00 |0.03 |1.09 |0.09 |22–55 |- |Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g) |2.40 |0.20 |0.72 |0.19 |0.13 |'''10.00''' |0.04 |0.27 |1.51 |0.20 |13–19 |- | |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_AA|[A]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_BB|[B]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_CC|[C]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_DD|[D]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_EE|[E]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_FF|[F]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_GG|[G]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_YY|[Y]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_HH|[H]]]}''' |'''^{[[:en:Sweet_potato#endnote_reference_name_ZZ|[Z]]]}''' |'''[[:en:Recommended_Dietary_Allowance|RDA]]''' |} '''^A'''Kawɛnkansa banɛ an dɔnbuulum '''^B''' Mui kansa banɛ wa'am ka an piela '''^C''' Ki zin'a kanɛ kpi'em tuulug saŋa '''^D''' Dankal kansa banɛ mɔr buulum nɛ gbaŋ '''^E''' Banki kansa '''^F''' Maagi banɛ an dɛn'ɛn la kansa '''^G''' Dankal kansa '''^H''' Bɛlikɔ kansa '''^Y''' Buskansa '''^Z'''Boodie kansa '''Diib dʋgʋb''' Dankal la nyɛ’ɛlim an bʋnlinɛ pak bʋnbʋtir nwa’ ni. zin’ig banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ la, nyɛ’ɛlim la anɛ diibi tis buud si’eba. Ba dʋgʋd nyɛ’ɛlim la ka nyaan dit lin na niŋ si’em ka li maal ningbiŋ diib sʋ’ʋŋa ka buoe ningbiŋ la ni, amaa America nidib banɛ da mugusidi ba taaba bɛ yadagɔbʋg-yatuona da ɔnbid dankal kansa ka li an ba diib.<ref>Alicia (19 February 2019). [https://www.enkiverywell.com/raw-sweet-potato.html "Can You Eat Sweet Potato Raw?"]. ''EnkiVeryWell''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210412071812/https://www.enkiverywell.com/raw-sweet-potato.html Archived] from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.</ref> Li vaand la nɛ li vanpɔla la anɛ zɛɛnd kanɛ malis hali. Fʋ tɔ’ɔe nɔki ba vankʋda la tis bʋnkɔnbid ka ba ɔnb.<ref name=":9">Abidin, P.E. (2004). ''Sweetpotato breeding for northeastern Uganda: Farmer varieties, farmer-participatory selection, and stability of performance'' (PhD Thesis). The Netherlands: [[:en:Wageningen_Universityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wageningen_University|Wageningen University]]. p. 152 pp. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/90-8504-033-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-8504-033-7|90-8504-033-7]]</bdi>. Well cited including by Mwanga et al., 2010.</ref> '''Africa''' ''Amukeke'' (linɛ ka ba sɛ dɛlig ka li kʋdʋg) nɛ ''inginyo'' (linɛ ka ba bu’ari dɛlig ka li kʋdʋg) anɛ diibi tis ninbanɛ bɛ yadatiʋŋ-ya’nya’aŋ Uganda tɛŋin.<ref name=":9" /> ''Amukeke'' anɛ bɛʋgin diib, ka ba dit nɛ sʋnma zɛɛnd. ''Inginyo'' anɛ linɛ ka ba la’asid nɛ bankyi zɔ’ɔm nɛ punsa maan ''atapa''. Nidib dʋgʋd ''atapa'' nɛ zimi banɛ ka ba ɔɔnl ka dit nɛ sʋnma zɛɛnd bɛɛ cowpea vaand kpi’emis ka ba nɔki paas sʋnma zɛɛnd ni. ''Emukaru'' (earth-baked root) anɛ linɛ ka ba dit saŋa wʋsa lin nɛ tea bɛɛ suma zɛɛnd. Ba mɛ mɔri li maan diib bɛdigʋ bɛ South Sudan. Vaand la, banɛ an pɔla la mɔri dʋgʋd zɛɛndi bɛ tɛɛns banɛ bɛ West African la (Guinea, Sierra Leone nɛ Liberia, ba si’eba la), nɛ yadatiʋŋ-ya’nya’aŋ Uganda, East Africa.<ref name=":9" /> nwa’ dɔl nɛ FAO leaflet No. 13 – 1990, dankal vaand nɛ nyɛ’ɛlim la anɛ diib kanɛ mɔr vitamins A, C, and B₂ (riboflavin), ka vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka  A. Khachatryan maal la pa’al ye li mɔr linɛ ka na’asaanam buon lutein la. Kenya tɛŋin, Rhoda Nungo onɛ bɛ economics department Ministry of Agriculture sɔb gbaŋ kanɛ pa’an dankal ka ba mɔri maan disi’eba.<ref>Nungo, Rhoda A., ed. (1994). ''Nutritious Kenyan Sweet Potato Recipes''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kakamega,_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kakamega,_Kenya&action=edit&redlink=1 Kakamega, Kenya]: [[:en:Kenya_Agricultural_Research_Institutehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya_Agricultural_Research_Institute|Kenya Agricultural Research Institute]].</ref> Nwa’ pʋʋgin pa’anɛ linɛ ka ba tu’a ka li kʋdʋg nɛ linɛ ka ba nɛɛm ka li kilim [[zɔ’ɔm]] ka ba nɔki li ka li di’e sikir nɔbir ka ba mɔri sɛn’ɛd diib wan wʋʋ cake, chapatis, mandazis, [[bodobodo]], buns nɛ cookies. Ba mɔr banɛ ka ba kala an orange la nyɛ’ɛlim la maan daam ka si’eba mɛ mɔri ba kiimid ka ba ɔnbid. Egypt tɛŋin, dankal nyɛ’ɛlim ka ba buon ''batata'' (بطاطا‎) anɛ dikanɛ bɛ zin’ig wʋsa waad saŋa, ka banɛ bɛ suoyanamin la sɛ’ɛdi kuosidi tisid Nidib banɛ dɔl Nile koldaagin la gad.<ref>[https://ww.egyptindependent.com/batata-man/ "The batata man"]. Egypt Independent. 19 October 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190715111248/https://ww.egyptindependent.com/batata-man/ Archived] from the original on 15 July 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2019.</ref> Nidib mɔr onɛ ka o kala an orange la nɛ onɛ an pi’elig la nyɛ’ɛlim maan diib. Ba mɛ sɛn’ɛdiba yaan ka mɔr siindi gɛndigid ka ba ya’a di diibi naae ka nɔki saae nɔɔr. Ethiopia tɛŋin, dankal buudi kanɛ ka ba kuod anina tita’am anɛ banɛ ka ba pak la an sabilik, ka nyɛ’ɛlim la kala an wan wʋʋ cream ka ba buoni li ''bitatis'' bɛɛ ''mitatis''. Ba kuodi ba bɛ ya’nya’aŋ nɛ yadagɔbʋg kʋkʋna ni ka tuud saa wakad (Sigir/Mɔraug). Yʋʋm banɛ gaad la, banɛ ka ba nyɛ’ɛlim kala an orange da yina, ka banɛ da yisi li na an Haramaya University ka ban da an sʋm ka sikir pʋ zuoe pʋʋginɛ ka mɛ mɔr vitamin A bɛdigʋ.<ref>Tsegaw, Tekalign; Dechassa, Nigussie (2008). [http://haramayajournals.org/index.php/ej/article/view/63/57 "Registration of Adu and Barkume: Improved sweet potato (''Ipomoea batatas'') varieties for eastern Ethiopia".]. ''East African Journal of Sciences''. '''2''' (2): 189–191. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:1[[doi:10.4314/eajsci.v2i2.40382|0.4314/eajsci.v2i2.40382]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170921215339/http://haramayajournals.org/index.php/ej/article/view/63/57https://web.archive.org/web/20170921215339/http://haramayajournals.org/index.php/ej/article/view/63/57 Archived] from the original on 21 September 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2018.</ref> Nidib bɛdigʋ dʋgid dankal ka nyaan dit. [[South Africa]] tɛŋin, ba pʋ dit dankal ma’a nɛ, ba lɛɛ paasidi li nɛ disi’eba ni ka ba yinnɛ an soetpatats. '''Asia''' East Asia tɛŋin, dankal sɛn’ɛda anɛ dinɛ ka di yʋ’ʋr yi hali ba tɛnkpɛmisin. China sʋ’ʋlim, dankal, banɛ an dɔnbʋʋlim la, ba sɛn’ɛdi ba kʋnt gbila pʋʋgin kuosid waad saŋa. Korea tɛŋin, dankal, ka ba buon ye ''goguma'', anɛ dikanɛ ka ba sɛn’ɛd, ba sa’ani ba si’el pʋʋgin bɛɛ bugum pi’elim zugʋ kuosid, li kaskas anɛ waad saŋa. Japan tɛŋin, ban maani li si’em ka li dɔl wʋʋ Korea dim maalig la, ban buon ye ''yaki-imo'' (dankal sɛn’ɛda), ba mɔr nɛ linɛ ka bʋʋlim an dɔnbʋʋlim la "Japanese dankal" bɛɛ onɛ an purple la "Okinawan dankal", ka ba buon ye ''beni-imo''. Dankal zɛn’ɛd, ka ba dit waad saŋa la, anɛ dankal ka ba dʋg kuom ni ka gɛndig sikir nɛ ginger. Fujian cuisine nɛ Taiwanese cuisine ni, ba dʋgʋd dankal nɛ [[mui]] maan [[Kooko|kɔɔkɔ]]. Dankal kanɛ ka ba waae nɛ dinɛ ka ba dɛlig ka li kʋdʋg anɛ diib hali tis Liancheng County. Dankal vaand la anɛ diibi tis Taiwanese cuisine, ka ba dʋgʋd bɛɛ kiimid kpaam bi’ela pʋʋgin dit nɛ garlic nɛ maagi diib, bɛɛ ban niŋ yaarim ka nyaan gbin’es. Nwa’ nɛ dankal diib bɛdigʋ bɛ bento (Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ''piān-tong'') diib kuosʋg zin’is ni. Northeastern Chinese cuisine ni, ba nwaasid dankal nɛ bi’elbi’el ka kiimid, ka nyaan kwa’ae niŋ zɛn’ɛd kanɛ pʋn dʋgʋd pʋʋgin.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071004141104/http://www.ttmeishi.com/CaiPu/2c2ec442ae902a40.htm "CaiPu"]. ''ttmeishi.com'' (in Chinese). Archived from [http://www.ttmeishi.com/CaiPu/2c2ec442ae902a40.htm the original] on 4 October 2007.</ref> Sʋ’ʋlim si’eba banɛ bɛ India tɛŋin, ba sɛn’ɛd dankal bugum saana ni yʋ’ʋŋ ka pigisidi dit, amaa banɛ bɛ yadagɔbʋg la on ɛɛti dʋg nɛ kuomin ka li bi’ik ka ba nyaan pigis pa’ad la, ka nwaasi la gbila gbila dʋg nɛ zɛnma’asa. Indian sʋ’ʋlim kanɛ ka ba buon Tamil Nadu ni, ba buoni li ye ''sakkara valli kilangu''. Ba dʋgʋdi li dit yʋ’ʋŋ. India zin’ig si’eba ni, ba nwaasid dankal ma’asa nɛ dɛligid ka nɛɛmid ka li kilid dankal [[zɔ’ɔm]]; ka ba nɔk wheat [[zɔ’ɔm]] gɛndig ka sɛn’ɛ li ka li kilim ''chapatti'' ([[bodobodo]]). Dankal banɛ ka ba kuod India tɛŋin piinɛnu nɛ pisi kɔbiga pʋʋgin, ba ɛɛti ti’aki li nɛ ka li kilim bʋnɔnbida. Si’eba kuod dankal la ye ba diis bʋnkɔnbid nɛ niigi.<ref name=":12" /> Pakistan tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye ''shakarqandi'' ka ba mɛ dʋgʋdi li nɛ zɛnma’asa zɛn’ɛd ka lɛn an ni’im zɛn’ɛd ([[nua]] ni’im, [[Pɛ'og|pɛ’ɛg]] ni’im, bɛɛ naaf ni’im). Dankal banɛ ka ba sɛn’ɛd nɛ saana la anɛ diib ka ba kuosid bɛ Pakistani bazaars li kaskas anɛ waad saŋa.<ref>Aazim, Mohiuddin (17 December 2012). [http://www.dawn.com/news/771928 "Exploiting sweet potato potential"]. ''InpaperMagazine''. [[:en:Dawn_(newspaper)|Dawn]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190711215914/https://www.dawn.com/news/771928 Archived] from the original on 11 July 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.</ref> Sri Lanka tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye ''bathala'', ka ba mɔri maan bɛʋgʋn diib (ba ɔnbid dankal dʋgʋda nɛ kube kuom) bɛɛ ba dʋgi li di kɔn’ di nɛ mui. Dankal nyɛ’ɛlim la, ka Dhivehi dim buon ye ''kattala'', ba mɔri li ka li an dikpɛŋi bɛ Maldives. Ba nwaad vaand la paasidi maan diib ka yinnɛ an ''mas huni''.<ref>[[:en:Xavier_Romero-Frias|Romero-Frias, Xavier]] (1999). ''The Maldive Islanders: A study of the popular culture of an ancient ocean kingdom''. Barcelona, ES. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-84-7254-801-5|978-84-7254-801-5]]</bdi>.</ref> Japan tɛŋin, ba kuod dankal (ka ba buon ''satsuma-imo'') nɛ busa (ka ba buon ''daijo'' bɛɛ ''beni-imo''). Ban dʋgʋd si’em anɛ ba dʋg ka di lɛ’ɛg kuom pʋʋgin, sɛn’ɛb nɛ waar. Ba mɛ lɛn kiimid diib anina. ''Daigaku-imo'' (ja:大学芋) anɛ ba ya’a sɛn’ɛ dankal ka paas sikir bɛɛ bʋnmalisiŋ si’a. Lin malis ka tabis la zug, ba mɔri li bɛ ''imo-kinton'' nɛ ba dimalisima, ka yinnɛ an ''ofukuimo''. Ka ba buoni li ye "sweet potato" (ja:スイートポテト) Japan tɛŋin, li anɛ cake kanɛ ka ba nɔk Dankali nɛɛm maal. ''Shōchū'', anɛ Japanese dim diib kanɛ ka ba mɔr mui kanɛ mi’igi maan, ba mɛ tɔ’ɔn nɔk Dankal li maal, ka ba buon lin ye ''imo-jōchū''. ''Imo-gohan'', ba ya’a dʋg dankal nɛ mui, anɛ dinɛ ka di yʋ’ʋr yi Guangdong, Taiwan nɛ Japan tɛɛns ni. Ba diti li ''nimono'' bɛɛ ''nitsuke'' pʋʋg, dʋgʋ li ka paas soy sauce, ''mirin'' nɛ ''dashi''. Korean cuisine ni, ba mɔr dankal titabid la maan ''dangmyeon'' (cellophane taliya). Ba dʋgʋd dankal kuomin ka li lɛ’ɛg, ka walisid ka mɛ lɛn sɛn’ɛd, ka nyɛ’ɛlim banɛ an baanlig la ka ba dit ka li buon ''namul''. Pizza kuosig zin’is ni wan wʋʋ Pizza Hut nɛ Domino banɛ bɛ Korea tɛŋin mɔr dankal li pa’an zugin. Korean dim dikanɛ ka di yʋ’ʋr yi ka ba buon, ''goguma-mattang'', ka ba lɛn buon ye Korean candied dankal la, ba kiimid dankal la nɛ nwaasi ba bɛdabɛda ka nɔk sikiri bʋlʋgi li. Malaysia nɛ Singapore, ba nwaasid dankal nɛ ban’alig ka dʋgi li nɛ taro nɛ kube kuom (''santan'') ka dikanɛ ka di kilimid la yʋ’ʋr an ''bubur cha cha''. Ban dʋgʋd dankal si’em ka nidib nɔŋi li anɛ fʋn na nwaasinwaasi li kiim, ka diti li nɛ tea. Yaan la, ba dʋgʋd dankal nɛ kuom pʋʋgin. Dankal vaand la Malaysia dim kiimid din nɛ garlic ma’a bɛɛ ''sambal belacan''. Philippines tɛŋin, dankal (ka ba buudi pian’ad ni an ''camote'' bɛɛ ''kamote'') anɛ dikpɛŋ hali tis banɛ bɛ tɛnkpɛmisin la. Li anɛ dikanɛ ka banɛ an tidimnam la tita’am dit daar wʋsa bɔzugɔ li kuob pʋ tɔi wan wʋʋ [[mui]].<ref name=":14">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723201951/http://archives.manilatimes.net/national/2008/mar/16/yehey/opinion/20080316opi1.html "Fusion kamote"]. ''T[[:en:The_Manila_Times|he Manila Times]] (The Sunday Times) Editorials''. 16 March 2008. Archived from [http://archives.manilatimes.net/national/2008/mar/16/yehey/opinion/20080316opi1.html the original] on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2011.</ref> Ba dʋgʋdi li nɛ bɛɛ ban sɛn’ɛ li bugum saana ni ka nɔki li lɔs sikir pʋʋgin bɛɛ zɛn’ɛdin di. Vanpɔla nɛ buspaala la (ka ba buon ye ''talbos ng kamote'' bɛɛ ''camote'' tops) anɛ diibi tisi ba ka ba sɛɛdi niŋid salad nii gɛndig nɛ zɛɛnd kanɛ ka ba nɔk zimi maal. Ba si’eba dʋgʋdi li kuomi’isim ni nɛ zɛn’ɛd kanɛ ka ba nɔk bɛŋa maal ka diti li nɛ ziŋki’ima (ka ba buon ye ''adobong talbos ng kamote''), bɛɛ ba di nɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba buon ''sinigang''.<ref name=":14" /> Kuom kanɛ ka ba siligidi yit ''camote'' tops ni la kala anɛ purple, ka ba gɛndigidi li nɛ lemon kuom nud. Ba kuosid dankal suor nɔya ni nɛ tɛnkpɛmisin. Ba mɔr sikiri bʋlʋgʋd dankal ki’ima kuosid ka li an nintaŋ diib.<ref>Nicole J. Managbanag (25 October 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110107140211/http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cagayan-de-oro/feature/elections-and-banana-cue "Elections and banana cue"]. ''Sun.Star''. sunstar.com.ph/. Archived from [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cagayan-de-oro/feature/elections-and-banana-cue the original] on 7 January 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2011.</ref> Ba mɔr dankal li maan ''halo-halo'' linɛ ka ba buon ''ginatan'', lin anɛ ba dʋg dankal la nɛ kube kuom pʋʋgin nɛ sikir kanɛ ka ba gɛndig si’elnam wan wʋʋ rootcrops, sago, jackfruit, nɛ ''bilu-bilo'' (glutinous rice balls).<ref>Daluz, Susan G. (2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723154932/http://ruby.inquirer.net/specialfeatures/paskongpinoy2005/articles/120205/wine_2.php "A recipe that supported a brood of 12"]. ''[[:en:Philippine_Daily_Inquirer|Philippine Daily Inquirer]]''. INQ7 Interactive, Inc. an Inquirer and GMA Network Company. Inquirer News Service. Archived from [http://ruby.inquirer.net/specialfeatures/paskongpinoy2005/articles/120205/wine_2.php the original] on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2011.</ref> [[Bodobodo]] kanɛ ka ba nɔk dankal li maal yʋ’ʋr mɛ yi ya hali. Dankal kuob anɛ na’ana’a, ka tɛnkpɛmisin ka ba bɛ bɛdigʋ kuosuoya ni. linɛ ka ba pʋ sɛɛ ka li yii li mɛŋ la anɛ kurkurnam din. Indonesia tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye ''ubi jalar'' (lit: "nyɛ’ɛlim kanɛ tɛɛnd") bɛɛ ''ubi'' giŋa, ka ba kiimid nɛ la’asi’eba dit nɛ kodu ki’imi, tempeh, tahu, breadfruit, bɛɛ cassava. Kʋkʋna banɛ bɛ West Papua ni la, dankal anɛ ba dikpɛŋ. Ba dɔlisid nɛ ''bakar batu'' dʋgʋb suor, tampiins banɛ nyʋ’ʋe bugum ka ba lɔbidi niŋid bʋnbɔk kanɛ ka vaand bɛɛ li pʋʋgin. Dankal ka ba pak, ka la’as zɛnvaand, nɛ kurkur ni’im tampiing zug. Ba nɔkid vaand bɛdigʋ pa’ani li zugin, ka dʋgi li hour nam bɛdigʋ ka li kɛ ka tʋʋlig la nyaŋi nwɛ’ɛ dʋg la’abanɛ bɛ pʋʋgin la. Vietnamese cuisine tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye ''khoai lang'' ka ba dʋgʋd nɛ la’amalisa wan wʋʋ corn syrup, siind, sikir, bɛɛ molasses.<ref>Bác sĩ Nguyễn Ý Đức. ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LsU9WOMU6LAC&pg=PA212 Dinh dưỡng và thực phẩm]'' (in Vietnamese). Tủ sách Rộng mở tâm hồn. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230422012028/https://books.google.com/books?id=LsU9WOMU6LAC&pg=PA212 Archived] from the original on 22 April 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2023.</ref> Dankal vanpɔla la ka ba mɔri maan biis diib, li kaskas anɛ Southeast Asia nɛ East Asia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141217125322/http://www.fao.org/WAIRdocs/x5425e/x5425e0d.htm "Sweet Potato"]. [[:en:South_Pacific_Commission|South Pacific Commission]]. ''South Pacific Foods''. [[:en:Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_of_the_United_Nations|Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations]]. 1990. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1018-0966 1018-0966]. Leaflet No. 13. Archived from [http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/x5425e/x5425e0d.htm the original] on 17 December 2014. Retrieved 22 July 2012.</ref><ref>Ma, Idelia; Glorioso, G. (January–December 2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130527133110/http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=49 "10 Best Foods for Babies"]. Food and Nutrition Research Institute. [[:en:Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Philippines)|Department of Science and Technology]], Republic of the Philippines. Archived from [http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=49 the original] on 27 May 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2012.</ref> Dankal kanɛ ka ba nɛɛm mɛ bɛ dunia wʋsa.<ref>Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin, eds. (2004). "Cultures". ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nrMRezmNrPcC&q=sweet%20potato%20leaves%20baby%20food&pg=PA596 Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology]''. Springer. p. 596. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780306477546|9780306477546]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172708/https://books.google.com/books?id=nrMRezmNrPcC&q=sweet%20potato%20leaves%20baby%20food&pg=PA596#v=onepage&q=sweet%20potato%20leaves%20baby%20food&f=false Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 6 October 2020.</ref> ====== United States ====== Dankal kanɛ ka ba bʋlʋg sikir mɛ anɛ dikanɛ ka ba mɔri dit nɛ disi’eba ka ba maan nɛ brown sugar, marshmallows, maple syrup, molasses, orange juice, ''marron glacé'', bɛɛ la’abanɛ malis si’eba. Ba diti li US tita’am nɛ bareka pʋ’ʋsim saŋa. Dankal casserole anɛ dikanɛ ka ba nɔk dankal kanɛ ka ba tu’a nɛ casserole maal, ka ba bʋlʋg nɛ sikir bɛɛ pecan.<ref>Diana Rattray. "Sweet potato casserole recipe with crunchy pecan topping". Southern Food. ''About.com''. Archived from the original on 16 November 2010. Retrieved 26 November 2010.</ref> Dankal anɛ dikanɛ ka nidib nɔŋi li hali bɛ French nɛ Spanish tɛŋ dimi bɛ zin’ig si’a, ka li pa’al ye ba da pin’ili li kuob hali bɛnɛ Louisiana.<ref>[http://www.yambilee.com/content/view/12/26/ "History of the Louisiana Yambilee"]. ''Yambilee.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080513140217/http://www.yambilee.com/content/view/12/26/ Archived] from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 14 April 2008.</ref> Tɛŋ banɛ gɔs ka dankal an tɛŋ la zɛnvaadi hali anɛ Alabama,<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/alabama/articles/2021-04-17/ivey-oks-naming-sweet-potato-as-alabamas-state-vegetable "Ivey OKs Naming Sweet Potato as Alabama's State Vegetable"]. [[:en:Usnews.com|usnews.com]]. 17 April 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210420110134/https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/alabama/articles/2021-04-17/ivey-oks-naming-sweet-potato-as-alabamas-state-vegetable Archived] from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021.</ref> Louisiana,<ref>[https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=181346 "RS 49:170.11"]. ''Revised Statutes''. Louisiana State Legislature. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180728221322/https://legis.la.gov/Legis/Law.aspx?d=181346 Archived] from the original on 28 July 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2018.</ref> nɛ North Carolina.<ref>[http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/pubsweb/symbols/sy-sweet.htm "Sweet Potato – North Carolina State Vegetable"]. State of North Carolina. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120422140045/http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/pubsweb/symbols/sy-sweet.htm Archived] from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2014.</ref> Dankal ki’ima anɛ dikpɛŋ hali tis Southern U.S. cuisine. Dankal ki’ima la buudi si’a anɛ Okinawan sweet potato haupia pie, linɛ ka ba nɔk dankal kanɛ an purple la maal. Ba da pin’il dankal kiimig nɛ nineteenth century sa bɛ [[United States of America (USA)|United States]].<ref>McLellan Plaisted, S. (October 2011). [https://hearttohearthcookery.wordpress.com/2011/10/02/sweet-potato-fries-are-not-new/ "Sweet potato fries are not new"]. ''hearttoearthcookery.com''. Historical Society of York County, Pennsylvania. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180504012759/https://hearttohearthcookery.wordpress.com/2011/10/02/sweet-potato-fries-are-not-new/ Archived] from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 3 May 2018.</ref> Dankal ki’ima maalig pʋ tɔe ya ka anɛ ban na kiimi li kpaam pʋʋgin. Ba da sɛn’ɛd dankal banɛ ka ba bu’ar bɛɛ nwaas ka nɔki lɔs kpaam pʋʋgin yaae ka tʋʋlʋgi li nɛ [[bugum]] yiiga bɛnɛ [[United States of America (USA)|United States]] 21st century pin’ilig saŋa, diib kanɛ ka ba buon "dankal ki’ima". Ba mɔr dankal dʋgʋda kanɛ ka ba nɛɛm ka li bʋlʋgi paasid disi’eba pʋʋgin dit, li kaskas anɛ ba ya’a la’as ye ba maal malisim bɛɛ banɛ sɛn’ɛd ni’im zin’isin. Ba buon John Bettencourt Avila ye "dankal kpaadib yaab" bɛ North America.<ref>Johns, Stephanie Bernardo (1981). ''The Ethnic Almanac''. Doubleday. p. 373. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780385141437|9780385141437]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Hook, Julius Nicholas (1983). ''Family Names: The Origins, Meanings, Mutations, and History of More Than 2,800 American Names''. Collier. p. 178. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780020800002|9780020800002]]</bdi>.</ref> '''Oceania''' Māori dim buudi da kua ba kɔ’ɔbkɔ’ɔb bʋnbaalig, banɛ pa’adi an dɔnbʋʋlim, ka ba zɛm wʋʋ nu’ubil nɛ ka ba buon kūmara (ka li yʋda si’eba an ''taputini'',<ref>Burtenshaw, M. (2009). [http://www.openpolytechnic.ac.nz/assets/Marketing/Research/Current-working-papers/MaoriKumara.pdf "A guide to growing pre-European Māori kumara"] (PDF). [[:en:The_Open_Polytechnic_of_New_Zealand|The Open Polytechnic of New Zealand]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110522094638/http://openpolytechnic.ac.nz/assets/Marketing/Research/Current-working-papers/MaoriKumara.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2011.</ref> ''taroamahoe'', ''pehu'', ''hutihuti'', and ''rekamaroa''<ref>Tapsell, Enid (1947). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724191414/http://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_56_1947/Volume_56,_No._4/Original_kumara,_by_Enid_Tapsell,_p_325-332/p1 "Original Kumara"]. ''TJPS''. pp. 325–332. Archived from [https://www.jps.auckland.ac.nz/document//Volume_56_1947/Volume_56,_No._4/Original_kumara,_by_Enid_Tapsell,_p_325-332/p1 the original] on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 17 February 2011.</ref>) banɛ ka ba da mɔri yi Polynesia tɛŋin na. Ba vɛɛn vɛɛnsa gɔs ka li an ye banɛ an baanlig la maan sʋ’ʋŋa,<ref>Wilson, Dee (29 April 2009). [http://www.stuff.co.nz/marlborough-express/news/2371731/Heritage-kumara-shows-its-worth "Heritage kumara shows its worth"]. ''[[:en:The_Marlborough_Express|The Marlborough Express]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614131642/http://www.stuff.co.nz/marlborough-express/news/2371731/Heritage-kumara-shows-its-worth Archived] from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.</ref> amaa [[United States of America (USA)|America]] nidib banɛ da tuud suori dɔlisid [[Ku'om|kuomin]] da mɔr bʋnbɛda na 19th century pin’ilig saŋa, ka ba da yadig tɛŋ tɔ’ɔtɔ’.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110724194448/http://www.thegrower.co.nz/article_view.php?aid=263 "Waitangi tribunal and the kumara claim"]. ''The Grower''. [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Horticulture_New_Zealand&action=edit&redlink=1 Horticulture New Zealand]. Archived from [http://www.thegrower.co.nz/article_view.php?aid=263 the original] on 24 July 2011.</ref><ref>Stokes, Jon (1 February 2007). [http://www.nzherald.co.nz/agriculture/news/article.cfm?c_id=16&objectid=10421870 "Kumara claim becomes hot potato"]. ''[[:en:The_New_Zealand_Herald|The New Zealand Herald]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120122075430/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/agriculture/news/article.cfm?c_id=16&objectid=10421870 Archived] from the original on 22 January 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10422951 "DNA analysis expected to solve kumara row"]. ''[[:en:The_New_Zealand_Herald|The New Zealand Herald]]''. [[:en:NZPA|NZPA]]. 8 February 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120130142635/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10422951 Archived] from the original on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2011.</ref><ref>Yen, Douglas Ernest (2005) [1966]. [https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/kumara "Kumara"]. In A. H. McLintock (ed.). ''An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand''. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-478-18451-8|978-0-478-18451-8]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130425070347/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/kumara Archived] from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2011.</ref> Lin da wa’ae yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ yinnɛ ni la (2021), banɛ gɔsid kʋdʋmin la’ad yela da vɛɛns ya ka ye dankal da pʋ nyaŋi maal titua bɛ New Zealand south linɛ bɛ Christchurch sʋ’ʋlim la ba tɛŋ la mɔr waad la zug, ka li da kɛ ka Māori buudi nidib la an (ban nɛ Moriori dim banɛ bɛ Chatham Islands) nimbanɛ bɛ Polynesian sʋ’ʋlim an tɔn’ɔsnam. Amaa, yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ yinnɛ (2021) vɛɛnsig kanɛ ka ba da vɛɛnsi yi la’abanɛ ka ba nyɛ bʋnbɔk si’a ni ka li kpie Dunedin, an wʋʋ 250 km (160 mi) ya’dagɔbʋg, da pa’al ye ba da kuod dankal ka su’adi li 15th century, ka li kuob nyaan da lɛb nya’aŋ ka ba ye li anɛ waad yela.<ref name=":13" /> Māori dim buon dankal dʋgʋda ye kūmara ka ba ɛɛti sɛn’ɛ li bɛ hāngī (sɛn’ɛb dɔɔg). Ba nan maana ala ba ya’a la’as taaba ba la’asig zin’ig kanɛ ka ba buon marae ni. Yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnaasi nɛ ayɔpɔi ni (1947), black rot (''Ceratocystis fimbriata'') da yi kūmara na bɛ Auckland tɛŋin baba ka nɔbig bɛdigʋ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnu nam saŋa la (1950s).<ref>Slade, D. A. (1960). "Black rot an important disease of Kumaras". ''New Zealand Journal of Agriculture''. '''100''' (4).</ref> Joe nɛ Fay Gock da paam yinnɛ kanɛ ka wisi’eba pʋ tɔ’ɔe o. Ba da nɔki li tis tɛŋ la kpɛɛmnam, ka li da kɛ ka ba di’e piini kanɛ buon Bledisloe Cup yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛ atan’ ni (2013).<ref>Loren, Anna (8 August 2013). [http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/manukau-courier/9012161/Bledisloe-Cup-for-service-to-horticulture "Bledisloe Cup for service to horticulture"]. ''[[:en:Manukau_Courier|Manukau Courier]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181225031119/http://www.stuff.co.nz/auckland/local-news/manukau-courier/9012161/Bledisloe-Cup-for-service-to-horticulture Archived] from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 24 December 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/loading-docs-how-mr-and-mrs-gock-saved-the-kumara-2016 "Loading Docs 2016 – How Mr and Mrs Gock Saved the Kumara"]. ''Loading Docs''. [[:en:NZ_On_Screen|NZ On Screen]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710132015/https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/loading-docs-how-mr-and-mrs-gock-saved-the-kumara-2016 Archived] from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2019.</ref> kūmara buudi la mɔr abʋtan’ ka ba kuosid New Zealand tɛŋin: 'Owairaka Red' ("red"), 'Toka Toka Gold' ("gold"), nɛ 'Beauregard' ("orange"). Tɛŋ la kuod dankal wan wʋʋ 24,000 metric tons yʋʋm wʋsa pʋʋgin,<ref>[https://www.freshfacts.co.nz/files/freshfacts-2018.pdf "Fresh Facts: New Zealand Horticulture"] (PDF). ''Plant & Food Research''. 2018. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1177-2190 1177-2190]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190707053253/https://www.freshfacts.co.nz/files/freshfacts-2018.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2019.</ref> ka li tita’am, piswai nɛ ayɔpɔi, kɔbiga pʋʋgin (97%) ba kuodi bɛnɛ Northland Region.<ref>Barrington, Mike; Downey, Robyn (18 March 2006). [http://www.northernadvocate.co.nz/local/news/ohakune-has-its-carrot-and-dargaville-has-its-kuma/3676978/ "Ohakune has its carrot ... and Dargaville has its kumara"]. ''[[:en:The_Northern_Advocate|The Northern Advocate]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724193541/http://www.northernadvocate.co.nz/local/news/ohakune-has-its-carrot-and-dargaville-has-its-kuma/3676978/ Archived] from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 24 July 2012.</ref> Dankal ka ba buon Kūmara la bɛ New Zealand tɛŋin saŋa wʋsa yʋʋm pʋʋgin, ka anina ka ba di’e potatoes nɔbir.<ref>[http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/food-wine/recipes/1397627 "How to cook with kumara"]. ''[[:en:Taranaki_Daily_News|Taranaki Daily News]]''. 3 March 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614131620/http://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/food-wine/recipes/1397627 Archived] from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.</ref> Kūmara paas dibanɛ ka ba sɛn’ɛd pʋʋgin, ka ba diti li nɛ cream kanɛ pʋ Malisa nɛ nanzʋ’ʋs. Ba diti li nɛ zɛnma’asa wan wʋʋ potatoes nɛ yʋ’a ka ba maan si’em la, ka ba maani li nɛ la’abanɛ na paas ka zɛn’ɛd malis. Ba pɛ’ɛl zin’is banɛ ka ba kuosid la’ad ni, zin’is banɛ ka ba sɛn’ɛd diib bʋnamɛ kuosid nɛ bʋnbʋ’ad banɛ ka ba dʋgʋd ka ba buoni ba anina ye hāngī la ni. Nidib banɛ an Urapmin buudi bɛ Papua New Guinea, buon dankal ye taro (ka Urap pian’ad ni an ''ima'') ka lɛn mɔr dankal yinnɛ (Urap: ''wan'') anɛ dibanɛ sʋŋid hali, ka ban buon 'diib' nɛ sɔb si’a Urap pian’ad ni la la’as nɛ yʋda ayi’ nwa.<ref>Robbins, Joel (1995). "Dispossessing the Spirits: Christian Transformations of Desire and Ecology among the Urapmin of Papua New Guinea". ''[[:en:Ethnology_(journal)|Ethnology]]''. '''34''' (3): 211–24. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/3773824|10.2307/3773824]]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3773824 3773824].</ref> '''Europe''' Veneto (northeast Italy) sʋ’ʋlim, ba buon dankal ye ''patata mericana'', bɛ Venetian buudi pian’ad ni (''patata americana'' bɛ Italian buudi pian’ad ni, ka li gbin an "America dankal"), ka ba kuodi li zin’is wʋsa bɛ yadagɔbʋg, region la ni;.<ref>Parrella, Giuseppe; Troiano, Elisa (6 October 2021). [[doi:10.1002/ndr2.12050|"First report of Sweet potato virus G in sweet potato in Italy"]]. ''New Disease Reports''. '''44''' (2): 1. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/ndr2.12050|10.1002/ndr2.12050]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2044-0588 2044-0588].</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100112083605/http://www2.regione.veneto.it/videoinf/rurale/prodotti/pat_americana.htm "la patata americana di Anguillara"]. Mondo agricolo veneto. Archived from [http://www2.regione.veneto.it/videoinf/rurale/prodotti/pat_americana.htm the original] on 12 January 2010.</ref> Spain tɛŋin, ba buon dankal ye ''boniato''. Yʋ’ʋŋ kanɛ ka ba di’emid di’emkanɛ ka ba buon All Souls' Day, bɛ Catalonia (northeastern Spain) la, dikanɛ ka ba dit tita’am anɛ dankal sɛn’ɛda nɛ chestnuts, panellets nɛ damalisiŋ. Ba buon tigir nwa’ ye ''La Castanyada''.<ref>Català, Col·lectiu de (1979). [https://raco.cat/index.php/CarrerArbres/article/view/296568 "Mots. La Castanyada"]. ''Carrer dels Arbres. Revista anuari del Museu de Badalona'' (5): 2. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2014-9794 2014-9794].</ref><ref>[[:es:Castanyada#Casta%C3%B1ada|es:Castanyada#Castañada]]</ref> Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ pisi nɛ atan’ ni (2023), Spain da anɛ tɛŋ kanɛ kua dankal li gaadi o taaba bɛ Europe sʋ’ʋlim.<ref>[https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/fresh-fruit-vegetables/sweet-potatoes-0/market-potential "The European market potential for sweet potatoes | CBI"]. ''www.cbi.eu''. Retrieved 23 July 2024.</ref> '''South America''' Peru sʋ’ʋlim, ba buon dankal ye ''camote'' ka ba dit nɛ [[Ziiŋ|zimi]] diib. Dankal ki’ima anɛ dikanɛ ka ba kuosid zin’ig wʋsa anina, suoyanam ni nɛ diib kuosig zin’is. Dulce de batata anɛ dikanɛ ka Argentine, Paraguayan nɛ Uruguayan dit, ka li anɛ dankal ka ba nɔki maal. Li malis nɛ, ka lɛɛ kpi’em bi’ela ka ba mɔr [[Sʋ’ʋraag|sʋ’ʋgi]] nwaad bi’elbi’eli dit. '''Dunia wʋsa''' Dunia wʋsa ni, dankal anɛ bʋnlinɛ ka ba mɔri paasidi dʋgʋd mui nɛ disi’eba, li kaskas anɛ maki rolls. Onɛ da pin’ili nɔk Dankal li paasi dʋg mui nɛ disi’eba anɛ Bun Lai onɛ bɛ Miya's Sushi ni, onɛ da maal dankal li gbilim ka gɛndig si’elnami li pʋʋg yiiga yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ piswai nam saŋa (1990s) on da bɔɔd ye o nɔk bʋnbʋtiri maal wan wʋʋ ban da mɔr zimi maan sushi rolls si’em la.<ref>Knighton, Ryan (6 October 2016). [https://www.popularmechanics.com/adventure/outdoors/a22396/truth-is-in-the-muck-invasive-species-delicacies/ "The Sushi Chef Turning Invasive Species Into Delicacies"]. ''[[:en:Popular_Mechanics|Popular Mechanics]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190422160326/https://www.popularmechanics.com/adventure/outdoors/a22396/truth-is-in-the-muck-invasive-species-delicacies/ Archived] from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 22 April 2019.</ref><ref>Kleiner, Matthew (1 February 2019). [https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2019/02/01/sushis-role/ "Sushi's Role"]. ''[[:en:Yale_Daily_News|Yale Daily News]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190422160328/https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2019/02/01/sushis-role/ Archived] from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.</ref><ref>Arnott, Christopher (September–October 2016). [https://yalealumnimagazine.com/articles/4337-sushi-celebrity "New Haven: Sushi celebrity"]. ''[[:en:Yale_Alumni_Magazine|Yale Alumni Magazine]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190422160330/https://yalealumnimagazine.com/articles/4337-sushi-celebrity Archived] from the original on 22 April 2019. Retrieved 12 July 2019.</ref> === Dʋgibʋ an siɛm siɛm === Dankal ya’a niŋ ma’asʋg ni, li na kilim kpi’ɛʋŋ. Fʋ tɔ’ɔn sɛ’ɛ zin’ŋ kani ka tʋʋlʋg pʋ zʋoe bɛɛ zin’ŋkanɛ ka tʋʋlig zʋoe ka li kɛ ka li malisimla yina kilim wɔɔ sikir nɛ.<ref>Sontag, Elazar (8 January 2021). [https://www.eater.com/22219076/why-you-should-freeze-your-sweet-potatoes-recipe "For a 'Proper Proper Proper' Baked Sweet Potato, Freeze It First"]. ''Eater''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221101064013/https://www.eater.com/22219076/why-you-should-freeze-your-sweet-potatoes-recipe Archived] from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.seriouseats.com/frozen-roasted-sweet-potato-5210149 "The Best Way to Cook Whole Sweet Potatoes"]. ''Serious Eats''. 19 November 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221101064007/https://www.seriouseats.com/frozen-roasted-sweet-potato-5210149 Archived] from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022.</ref><ref>Chan, Chin-Feng; Chiang, Chih-Ming; Lai, Yung-Chang; Huang, Che-Lun; Kao, Shu-Chen; Liao, Wayne C. (5 December 2012). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4252450 "Changes in sugar composition during baking and their effects on sensory attributes of baked sweet potatoes"]. ''Journal of Food Science and Technology''. '''51''' (12): 4072–4077. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s13197-012-0900-z|10.1007/s13197-012-0900-z]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-1155 0022-1155]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4252450 4252450]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25477683 25477683].</ref><ref>Nabubuya, Agnes; Namutebi, Agnes; Byaruhanga, Yusuf; Schuller, Reidar B.; Narvhus, Judith; Wicklund, Trude (16 July 2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5694867 "Viscoelastic properties of sweet potato complementary porridges as influenced by endogenous amylases"]. ''Food Science & Nutrition''. '''5''' (6): 1072–1078. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/fsn3.492|10.1002/fsn3.492]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2048-7177 2048-7177]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5694867 5694867]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29188034 29188034].</ref> '''Ya’abig''' Ba ya’ab dankal bɛɛ ''camotes'' tita’am bɛ Peru sʋ’ʋlim ka buud banɛ maal la buon Moche buudi.<ref>Berrin, Katherine; [[:en:Larco_Museum|Larco Museum]] staff (1997). ''[[:en:Museo_Arqueológico_Rafael_Larco_Herrera|The Spirit of Ancient Peru: Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera]]''. New York, NY: [[:en:Thames_and_Hudson|Thames and Hudson]].</ref> '''Dyes''' South America tɛŋin, ba la’asid dankal wiig la kuom nɛ lime juice mɔri maan dye maan fuud. Ba ya’a la’as bama kuom la, ba tɔ’ɔe maal fuud ka ba an wiid bɛɛ li buudi paae sabilig gba.<ref>Verrill, Alpheus Hyatt; Barrett, Otis Warren (1937). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=lIlCAAAAIAAJ Foods America gave the World: The strange, fascinating and often romantic histories of many native American food plants, their origin, and other interesting and curious facts concerning them]''. Boston, MA: L.C. Page & Co. p. 47. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240324172709/https://books.google.com/books?id=lIlCAAAAIAAJ Archived] from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2020.</ref> Dankal kanɛ an Purple la, ba mɔri maan diib ka li vɛnl.<ref>[https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2013/september/purple-sweet-potatoes-among-new-naturals-for-food-and-beverage-colors.html "Purple sweet potatoes among "new naturals" for food and beverage colors"]. September 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170509053537/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2013/september/purple-sweet-potatoes-among-new-naturals-for-food-and-beverage-colors.html Archived] from the original on 9 May 2017. Retrieved 6 May 2017.</ref> '''Kuom pʋʋg''' Fʋ ya’a nwaae dankal vaand la, fʋ ye fʋ dinɛ bɛɛ fʋ ya’a bɔɔd ye li maal vɛnlim, ba na maal nya’a [[Ku'om|kuom]] la pʋʋgin ka nɔbig anina, ka si’el kʋ maali baa, nintaŋ ya’a paadi ba ka ba mɛ paamid ban nar ye ba mɔr si’el ka nyaŋi nɔbig. Nwa’ yela, dankal sʋ’ʋm zin’ig anɛ [[Ku'om|kuom]] zin’is banɛ bɛ yaan, ka li vaand la yi yi’iŋa ka nya’a la ba’a [[Ku'om|kuom]] la pʋʋgin, bɔzugɔ dinɛ kɛt ka ba nɔbigid tɔ’ɔtɔ’ɔ anina anɛ ammonia nɛ nitrates, bʋnvʋya banɛ bɛ [[Ku'om|kuomin]] la bina, ka li yisidi li [[Ku'om|kuom]] la pʋʋgin. Nwa’ kɛt ka [[Ziiŋ|zimi]] vʋm an sʋ’ʋm [[Ku'om|kuom]] la pʋʋgin, ka li nya’a la mɛ an sʋ’ak zin’igi tis [[Ziiŋ|zimi]] la. '''Vɛnlim''' Dankal banɛ ka ba bʋd vɛnlim yela ka ba bɛ tɛngbaŋ zug, container ni, bɛ bɛdnam pʋʋgin. Ba gɔsid o yʋʋm bɛn ni bɛ USDA hardiness Zone 9, ba nɔbigid tɔ’ɔtɔ’ ka bʋsid vaandi yadigid tɔ’ɔtɔ’. Ba bɛ kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb kala pʋʋgin ka si’eba an dɛn’ɛm, dɔnbʋʋlim, nɛ.<ref>[https://www.epicgardening.com/sweet-potato-vine/ "Sweet Potato Vine: How to Grow These Gorgeous Flowing Vines"]. ''Epic Gardening''. 12 June 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211013215058/https://www.epicgardening.com/sweet-potato-vine/ Archived] from the original on 13 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.</ref> Dankal buudi banɛ ka ba gɔsidi ba vɛnlim yela si’eba anɛ 'Blackie', li maan pʋʋm gati o taaba.<ref>[https://www.gardendesign.com/vines/sweet-potato-vine.html "Growing Sweet Potato Vine (''Ipomoea batatas'') – Garden Design"]. ''GardenDesign.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211021155018/https://www.gardendesign.com/vines/sweet-potato-vine.html Archived] from the original on 21 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.</ref> Ba pʋ mɔr daʋŋi tis ninsaal ninsaal ningbiŋɔ, baa ba vaand la dit la, ba nyɛ’ɛlim la pʋ malisa.<ref>[https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ipomoea-batatas/ "''Ipomoea batatas'' (Edible Sweetpotato, Ornamental Sweetpotato, Sweetpotato, Sweetpotato Vine, Water Spinach)"]. ''North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211027181921/https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ipomoea-batatas/ Archived] from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.</ref><ref>[https://gardenerspath.com/plants/vegetables/ornamental-sweet-potatoes-edible/ "Are Ornamental Sweet Potatoes Edible? | Gardener's Path"]. ''Gardener's Path''. 14 August 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211026204844/https://gardenerspath.com/plants/vegetables/ornamental-sweet-potatoes-edible/ Archived] from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.</ref> ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[Category:Di nyε’εda]] s1twdlgvn2tvz3whoi3eprzbfu98p8e 0 1964 14971 14962 2025-06-21T16:43:42Z Abanga Emmanuel 481 I added text and references 14971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q170461}} '''Sisibig''' ka sieba buon ye '''Pɔnguda''' ka bam mɛ buon ye '''na'asaasisibig''' la anɛ tiig kanɛ yi kuk tiis buudi kanɛ an' Meliaceae.<ref>"''[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=6161 Azadirachta indica]''". ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 9 June 2017.</ref> Di anɛ buudi yinnɛ kanɛ pɛ'ɛs Azadirachta buudi ni. Di kae saan India teŋin nɛ  Southeast Asia teŋ siebaa. Amaa di bɛ dunia la wʋsa ni. Ka di yin bɛɛ ban nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ  zin'isieba anɛ si'anrin bɛɛ  zin'ig kanɛ an' titʋgʋr. Ti paamɛt sisibi kpaam nɛ yiti ba diib nɛ ba biili la ni. Na'asal la buonɛ ye neem, ka li anɛ Hindu dim pia'adin ka ba paam yʋ'ʋr la.<ref>Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2013), Neem, page 679, Third Edition 2008 reprinted with corrections 2013, Oxford University Press.</ref><ref>[[:en:Henry_Yule|Henry Yule]] and [[:en:A._C._Burnell|A. C. Burnell]] (1996), [[:en:Hobson-Jobson|Hobson-Jobson]], Neem, page 622, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Reference. (This work was first published in 1886)</ref><ref>[[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] World English Dictionary (1999), Neem, page 1210, St. Martin's Press, New York.</ref> == Pa'alטg == Nasaasisibig la anɛ ti kanɛ nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ hali ka o walim an mites 15 - 20 (49 - 66f t), nɛ saŋa biela nwa ni ka o walim an 35-40m (115-131ft). o sin'im la anɛ dɛn'ɛm, o vaand la baligidnɛ טטn wטsa nintantטטlig nwadig la. o willa la anɛ bɛda-bɛda ka widig di'eg zin'ig kanɛ wטsa ka o bɛ. a gɔl la ɛɛnti anɛ gbiligט ka an wilim-wilim ka o yalטŋ an 20-25m (66-82ft). o pinnate vaand la kaae alaa din wa'alim anɛ 20-40cm (8-16in), ka mɔr 20-30 vaan banɛ bɛ an sabil dɛnɛ'm la, ka o vaand walim na an 3-8cm (1 +¹⁄₄–3+¹⁄₄ in) wa'alim.<ref>"[https://pfaf.org/plants/neem-azadirachta-indica/ Neem | Azadirachta indica]". ''Plants For A Future''. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2023.</ref> Vaand la giinla saŋa bɛdigט ni di ɛɛnti kaae. Di teŋsטk dibir la anɛ giŋɔ.<ref>"[https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/eafrinet/weeds/key/weeds/Media/Html/Azadirachta_indica_(Neem).htm Factsheet - Azadirachta indica (Neem)]". ''keys.lucidcentral.org''. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</ref> Vaan piela banɛ mɔr nyuug la tuu nɛ taaba ka bɛdigט bɛɛ bi'ela axilliary panicles nwa lit teŋin ka li wa'alim tun'e paa 25cm (10in). o inflorescences la wa'alim an atan' mטm pטטgi la, mɔr puum ka li paae 250 - 300. puum yinne wa'alim anɛ 5-6 mm (³⁄₁₆–¹⁄₄ in) long ka o yalטŋ an 8–11 mm (⁵⁄₁₆–⁷⁄₁₆ in) .Protandrous, bisexual puum la nɛ puum banɛ an bטndaad la ɛɛnti bɛnɛ yinn nɔɔ zug. Di wɛla la saalimnɛ bɔl-bɔl (glabrous), nwɛnɛ olive-like drupe ka ba kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb anɛ ba yalטŋ la dinɛ an gbiligט la yɛla, ka o ya'a ti bin'ɛgi naae o wa'alim anɛ 28mm (¹⁄₂–1 +¹⁄₈ in) by 10–15 mm (³⁄₈–⁵⁄₈ in). wɛla la paט la (exocarp) anɛ lɛ'ɛm-lɛ'ɛm ka o diib kanɛ pטטgin tɔi hali (endocarp) la dɔnbטטl pielig ka mɔr ginla . O bטטlim la tɛbisim anɛ 3-5mm (¹⁄₈–¹⁄₄ in). Wɛl la gטטgin waŋ kanɛ an pielii kpi'im la (endocarp) gurnɛ biilif yinne, ka saansa bi'ela anɛ ayi bɛɛ atan',biili wa'ali wɛnii (kernels) ka dinɛ giligi li la an wilim-wilim. [[File:Azadirachta-indica-2019-5-3 14-14-55-01.jpg|thumb|Pollen grains]] Margosa tiig la<ref>saikia, Curtingle (2 January 2023). "[https://prakasti.com/how-to-use-neem-uses-and-benefits/ How to Use Neem- Uses and benefits - prakasti.com]". ''Prakasti''. Retrieved 11 January 2023.</ref> nɛ nɛ'ɛŋ wɛnɛ taaba, chinaberry bɛɛ bakain, ''Melia azedarach'' ''la baŋir tɔi.'' <ref>''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234651/ The Tree]''. National Academies Press (US). 1992.</ref> ''Melia azedarach'' mɛ mɔr van nyina ka ba wɛla mi nwɛn taaba. == Taksonami == O yט'טr kanɛ an ''Azadirachta indica'' ''la Adrien-Henri de Jussieu da sɔbi li zaŋi pa'al sɔ' wטsa bɛ yטטm tusir, kɔbis nii nɛ pistan' (1830).''<ref>"[https://www.ipni.org/n/1213180-2 ''Azadirachta indica'' A.Juss]." [[:en:International_Plant_Names_Index|''The International Plant Names Index''.]] Retrieved 26 March 2023.</ref> ''Yʋʋm'' tusir kɔbis yɔpɔi nε pisnu nε atan’ (1753), Carl Linnaeus da pa’al bʋnami ayi, ''Melia azedarach'' nε ''Melia azadirachta.''<ref name=":0">Linnaeus, C. (1753), "[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358403 Melia]", ''Species Plantarum'', vol. 1, Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius, pp. 384–385, retrieved 26 March 2023</ref> De Jussieu on da gɔs ka ''Melia azadirachta'' anε dinε bεε li kɔn’ nε ''Melia azedarach'' nε ban na nɔki digil new genus.<ref>e Jussieu, A. (1830). "[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26229796 Mémoire sur le groupe des Méliacées]". ''Mémoires du Muséum d'histoire naturelle''. '''19''': 153–304. Retrieved 26 March 2023. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26229866 p. 221.]</ref> On da pian’a bʋn sieba yεla, Linnaeus da ye li yʋ’ʋr anε  'azedarach'<ref name=":0" /> dinε yit French pian’ad yʋ’ʋrin na an 'azédarac', dinε da an Persian 'āzād dirakht' (ازادرخت), dinε pa’al 'free or noble tree<ref>"[[mwod:azedarach|azedarach]]". ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''. Retrieved 26 March 2023.</ref> Persian tii la yʋ’ʋr la anε ''azad darakhat-e-hind'', ka di pa’al ye ‘India dim ti kanε mɔr yɔlisim’('the free tree of India'',)  ka di pa’al yee tii la mtr yɔlisim yi ban’as nε bʋnvʋya ni.''<ref>K. K. Singh, ed. (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PyYRUCoIDk4C Neem A Treatise]''. I.K. International Publishing House, India. p. 3. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9788189866006|9788189866006]]</bdi>.</ref> == Pʋdʋgir == ''Sisibig yinɛ'' Assam region, Pakistan nɛ Bangladesh linɛ bɛ Indian tɛŋin paae Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand nɛ Vietnam linɛ bɛ Indochina. Li paae zin’is si’eba yinɛ South America paae Indonesia.<ref>[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1213180-2 "''Azadirachta indica'' A.Juss"]. ''Plants of the World Online''. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2020.</ref> == Maalig zin’ig == Ba mi’ Sisibig tiig la ka li tɔ’ɔe wak. Li nyaŋidi zi’enid zin’is banɛ ka pɛbisig bɛ bɛɛ tʋʋlʋg bi’ela bɛ, zin’is banɛ ka saa niib bɛn an wan wʋʋ 400–1,200 mm (16–47 in). Li nyaŋidi duod zin’is banɛ ka saa niib bɛn mɛ pʋ paae 400 mm, amaa zin’is ban ni, asɛɛ ka kuom bɛ tɛŋ la pʋʋgin. Sisibig nɔbigidi bɛ tɛɛns kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb ni, amaa li zin’ig sʋ’ʋŋa anɛ titanbin’isig zin’ig kanɛ ka kuom pʋ diginida. Li bɛnɛ zin’is banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ ka lin na nyaŋi bɛ zin’ig si’a tʋʋlig bɛn anɛ 21–32 °C (70–90 °F). Li maan sʋ’ʋŋa zin’is banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ ka lɛɛ kʋ nyaŋi bɛ zin’ig kanɛ ka tʋʋlig pʋ paae 5 °C (41 °F). Sisibig anɛ tiig kanɛ pʋ mɔr vaandɛ ka nɔbigidi bɛ zin’is banɛ an tʋʋlig wan wʋʋ, southern districts [[India]] nɛ [[Pakistan]] tɛnsin. Tiig nwa’ ba’a kae ye kuom pʋ zuoe bɛɛ kuom la an kuosʋŋ bɛ. India tɛŋin nɛ zin’is banɛ ka Indian nidib paae, li anɛ na’ana’a nɛ fʋ na nyɛ Sisibig tiig la suoya nɔya ni anina, Winpʋ’ʋsʋm zin’is, sakurnamin nɛ zin’is banɛ ka nidib la’asid bɛɛ nidib yampɔna. Zin’is banɛ an kpi’emis hali la, ba sɛɛt tiis la bɛdigʋ. === Mɔɔg la Zi'esim === Ba gɔs ka sisibig anɛ mɔɔg zin’ig si’eba, wan wʋʋ Middle East, li kaskas anɛ Sub-Saharan Africa tɛɛns wan wʋʋ [[West Africa]] nɛ Indian Ocean tɛɛns, nɛ zin’ig si’eba Australia tɛŋin. Li bɛilim pʋʋgin, li nɔbigidi bɛ zin’ig kanɛ an sʋ’ʋm, amaa ba nam pʋ nyaŋi vɛɛnsi li yela naae.<ref>[http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/63168/IPA-Neem-Tree-Risk-Assessment.pdf ''Plant Risk Assessment, Neem Tree,'' Azadirachta indica] (PDF). Biosecurity Queensland. 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2014.</ref> Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛnu, Vaala nwadig ni (April 2015), ba da nɔk sisibig ka li paas nɛ class B nɛ C mɔɔd ni bɛ Northern Territory, Australia sʋ’ʋlim, ka li pa’al ye sɛɛ ka ba gɔsi li ka li da yadig tɛŋa bɛɛ ba da mɔri li kpɛn’ɛ tɛŋ la ni na. Li da anɛ wada gɛsigir nɛ fʋn na da’, kuos, bɛɛ vɔn’ tiis la bɛɛ li biili mɔri tɔɔm tɛŋ. Linɛ yela ka ba da gban’e ye li anɛ mɔɔg la anɛ lin da bɛɛ ba kuosuoya nam ni gu’ud kuom ba tɛŋin la.<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150324041536/http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/353104/Neem-declaration_Q-and-A_page-1.pdf Neem has been declared: what you need to know]'' (PDF), Department of Land Resource Management, 2015, archived from [http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/353104/Neem-declaration_Q-and-A_page-1.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 March 2015, retrieved 17 March 2015</ref> Lin da kɛŋ Australia tɛŋin, yʋʋm tusir, nɛ kɔbiswai nɛ pisnaasi nam saŋa la (1940s), ba da sɛ sisibig yiiga bɛ nɛ Northern Territory ye li maal ma’asim tis bʋnkɔnbid. Ba da sɛɛ li maki li nɔbigir yela gɔs nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisyuobʋ nam saŋa (1960s) nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii saŋa (1980s) tɛnsʋk bɛ Darwin, Queensland, nɛ Western Australia, amaa Australian sisibig pɔɔg la da pʋ nyaŋi zi’enɛ. Tiig la yʋ’ʋn yadigi paae zin’ig, li kaskas anɛ kuosuoya ni ka ba la’asi bɛ zin’ig si’eba.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150324041528/http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/353108/Weed-Note-Neem-2014.pdf Neem ''Azadirachta indica''] (PDF), Department of Land Resource Management, 2015, archived from [http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/353108/Weed-Note-Neem-2014.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 March 2015, retrieved 17 March 2015</ref> == Phytochemical nam == Margosa wɛla, biili, viand, tila, nɛ pak la mᴐrnɛ phytochemicals kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb, ka kʋdʋmin dim da paami ba yi sisibi biili ni, nwɛnɛ azadirachtin dinɛ ka ba da pin’ili di bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kᴐbiswai nɛ pisyuobʋ saŋa (1960s) ka ye di anɛ bʋn-ian’ada,  banɛ gu’ud nᴐbʋgʋr nɛ tibanɛ ka ba mᴐri puusid.<ref name=":1">"[https://www.drugs.com/npp/neem.html Neem]". Drugs.com. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.</ref><ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life".] ''BBC News''.</ref> Sisibig wal kanɛ an 2 kg na an nwɛnɛ 5 g.<ref name=":1" /> Dinɛ paasi azadirachtin ka mᴐr kpinnim anɛ limonoids, biili la kpaam mᴐr glycerides, polyphenols kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb, nimbolide, triterpenes, nɛ beta-sitosterol.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12313376 Nimbolide]". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 6 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.</ref> Kpakanɛ an dᴐnbʋʋlʋm ka mi’is la mᴐr nyuug kanɛ nwɛnɛ gabpiel ka mɛ mᴐr limonoid compounds dinɛ an 2%.<ref name=":1" /> Vaand la mᴐr quercetin, catechins, carotenes, nɛ vitamin C.<ref name=":1" /> === Ti’nyan === La’ad bani kaba mᴐr Margosai maan la India dim mɛ mᴐr din ka li an ba ti’nyan yʋma bɛ bɛdigʋ,<ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life"]. ''BBC News''.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.drugs.com/npp/neem.html "Neem"]. Drugs.com. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.</ref> kaba mᴐrɛ tiɛbid niŋbgiŋ ba’ans nɛ giila nɛ kᴐba ba’ans,<ref>Tejesvi, M.V.; Tamhankar, S.A.; Kini, K.R; Rao, V.S.; Prakash, H.S. (2009). "Phylogenetic analysis of endophytic ''Pestalotiopsis'' species from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees". ''Fungal Diversity''. '''38''': 167–183.</ref> amaa sibiti dim pʋ nyaŋi di kasɛta ye Margosa anɛ ti’im.<ref name=":2" /> Kpɛ’ɛmnam  pʋ mᴐr zɛmisʋgᴐ, Margosa an sʋm fʋ yaa di dabisa biɛla amaa fʋ yaa dii li saŋa bɛdigʋ, li na daami fʋ siyaanini bɛɛ fʋ sᴐ’ᴐnr. Yaa anɛ biis, margosa kpaam kaɛ sʋm, ka tᴐ’ᴐn ba’as kʋm.<ref name=":2" /> Margosa tᴐ’ᴐn kɛ ka pʋa pʋ’ʋr kpa’aɛ bɛ kʋndʋ’ar bɛ sikir ba’an.<ref name=":2" /> Ya’dagᴐbʋg India tɛŋin nɛ ya’tʋᴐna tɛŋsʋg, Margosa da’ʋg la ka ba mᴐr ka li an sigiriŋ.<ref>[https://dentalmuseum.pacific.edu/different-strokes-different-folks-history-toothbrush/4/ "Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush – Page 4 – Virtual Dental Museum"]. ''dentalmuseum.pacific.edu''. Retrieved 8 July 2021.</ref> === Tʋʋmsieba === Tiig: Margosa tiig la anɛ dinɛ yɛla pak hali di anti-desertification nwaasim la zug nɛ din an sʋ’ʋm nwɛnɛ carbon dioxide sink la zug. Nidib mᴐr mᴐri di dᴐn’ᴐsid zʋʋd nwɛnɛ bugulʋmnɛ.<ref>Schroeder, Paul (1992). "Carbon storage potential of short rotation tropical tree plantations". ''Forest Ecology and Management''. '''50''' (1–2): 31–41. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ForEM..50...31S 1992ForEM..50...31S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/0378-1127(92)90312-W|10.1016/0378-1127(92)90312-W.]]</ref><ref>Puhan, Sukumar, et al. "Mahua (Madhuca indica) seed oil: a source of renewable energy in India." (2005). </ref> Bugulʋm: ba mᴐr sisibig paasidi maan bugulʋm (urea) ka di mᴐr zɛɛnsim tis zʋʋd la.<ref>Heinrich W. Scherer; Konrad Mengel; Heinrich Dittmar; Manfred Drach; Ralf Vosskamp; Martin E. Trenkel; Reinhold Gutser; Günter Steffens; Vilmos Czikkely; Titus Niedermaier; Reinhardt Hähndel; Hans Prün; Karl-Heinz Ullrich; Hermann Mühlfeld; Wilfried Werner; Günter Kluge; Friedrich Kuhlmann; Hugo Steinhauser; Walter Brändlein; Karl-Friedrich Kummer (2007), "Fertilizers", ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' (7th ed.), Wiley, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub2|10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub2]], ISBN 978-3527306732</ref> Bʋnkᴐnbid diib: margosa viand anɛ dinɛ ka ba mᴐri ka di an yaama tis bʋnkᴐnbid nɛ su’umis.<ref>Heuzé V., Tran G., Archimède H., Bastianelli D., Lebas F., 2015. )[https://www.feedipedia.org/node/182 Neem (Azadirachta indica]. ''Feedipedia'', a programme by Institut national de la recherche agronomique, [[:en:CIRAD|CIRAD]], AFZ and [[:en:FAO|FAO]]. Last updated on 2 October 2015</ref> sigiriŋ: margosa anɛ dinɛ ka sᴐ’ wʋsa mi’ ye di anɛ sigiriŋ ka ba ᴐnbidi sᴐndigid nyina.<ref>[https://dentalmuseum.pacific.edu/different-strokes-different-folks-history-toothbrush/4/ "Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush – Page 4 – Virtual Dental Museum".] ''dentalmuseum.pacific.edu''. Retrieved 8 July 2021.</ref> === zɛɛnsim === American Journal of Neuroradiology pa’al ye, margosa kpaam na nyaŋi maal zɛɛnsim nwɛnɛ encephalopathy nɛ ophthalmopathy sᴐ’ ya’a dii li bɛdigʋ gaad 150ml (5.07 us fluid ounces).<ref>M.V. Bhaskara; S.J. Pramoda; M.U. Jeevikaa; P.K. Chandana; G. Shetteppa (6 May 2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7965469 "Letters: MR Imaging Findings of Neem Oil Poisoning"]. ''American Journal of Neuroradiology''. '''31''' (7): E60 – E61. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2146|10.3174/ajnr.A2146]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7965469 7965469]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20448012 20448012].</ref> == Genome and transcriptomes == Margosa genome nɛ transcriptomes banɛ yi lʋga kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb la anɛ dinɛ tuun dᴐl taaba.<ref>Krishnan, N; Swetansu Pattnaik; S. A. Deepak; et al. (25 December 2011). [http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/101/12/1553.pdf "De novo sequencing and assembly of ''Azadirachta indica'' fruit transcriptome" (]PDF). [[:en:Current_Science|''Current Science''.]] '''101''' (12): 1553–1561.</ref><ref>Krishnan, N; Swetansu Pattnaik; Prachi Jain; et al. (9 September 2012)[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507787 . "A Draft of the Genome and Four Transcriptomes of a Medicinal and Pesticidal Angiosperm ''Azadirachta indica''".] [[:en:BMC_Genomics|''BMC Genomics''.]] '''13''' (464): 464. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-464|10.1186/1471-2164-13-464]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507787 3507787]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22958331 22958331].</ref> Expressed sequence tags anɛ dinɛ ka ba nyɛ ka di dᴐl generation of subtractive hybridization libraries dinɛ bɛ margosa wala bʋʋlʋm, vaand, wala pa’ad. == Footonam == <gallery> File:Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Hyderabad W IMG 7006.jpg|Flowers File:Unripe Neem fruits.jpg|Unripe fruit File:Neem-Tree.jpg|Neem tree in a banana farm in India File:Ineem farm in virudhunagar.jpg|Neem tree farm File:Neem Twig sellers.JPG|Twigs for sale File:Ineem Fruit Drying process for cold pressed extraction.jpg|Fruit drying for oil extraction File:Jagnath Ineem Toothstick in tamilnadu.jpg|Cleaning teeth by chewing stick File:Hareli Festival.jpg|Native of Chhattisgarh with Neem branches and leaves for Hareli Festival File:Azadirachta indica 0001.jpg|A tree in [[Gambia]] File:Neem tree.JPG|A tree in Bangladesh File:Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Hyderabad W IMG 6976.jpg|Leaves and flowers </gallery> == Gɔsim ya'as == * ''[[:en:Azadirachta_excelsa|Azadirachta excelsa]]'' * [[:en:Azadirachtin|Azadirachtin]] * [[:en:Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] * [[:en:Arid_Forest_Research_Institute|Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI)]] * [[:en:Neem_cake|Neem cake]] * [[:en:Neem_oil|Neem oil]] * [[:en:Babool_(brand)|Babool (brand)]] of toothpaste * [[:en:Teeth_cleaning_twig|Teeth cleaning twig]] (datun) ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[category:tiis]] i6cwg0tdv61qqi0b47agu60fmwvatob 14972 14971 2025-06-21T17:08:57Z Abanga Emmanuel 481 I added text and references 14972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q170461}} '''Sisibig''' ka sieba buon ye '''Pɔnguda''' ka bam mɛ buon ye '''na'asaasisibig''' la anɛ tiig kanɛ yi kuk tiis buudi kanɛ an' Meliaceae.<ref>"''[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=6161 Azadirachta indica]''". ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 9 June 2017.</ref> Di anɛ buudi yinnɛ kanɛ pɛ'ɛs Azadirachta buudi ni. Di kae saan India teŋin nɛ  Southeast Asia teŋ siebaa. Amaa di bɛ dunia la wʋsa ni. Ka di yin bɛɛ ban nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ  zin'isieba anɛ si'anrin bɛɛ  zin'ig kanɛ an' titʋgʋr. Ti paamɛt sisibi kpaam nɛ yiti ba diib nɛ ba biili la ni. Na'asal la buonɛ ye neem, ka li anɛ Hindu dim pia'adin ka ba paam yʋ'ʋr la.<ref>Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2013), Neem, page 679, Third Edition 2008 reprinted with corrections 2013, Oxford University Press.</ref><ref>[[:en:Henry_Yule|Henry Yule]] and [[:en:A._C._Burnell|A. C. Burnell]] (1996), [[:en:Hobson-Jobson|Hobson-Jobson]], Neem, page 622, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Reference. (This work was first published in 1886)</ref><ref>[[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] World English Dictionary (1999), Neem, page 1210, St. Martin's Press, New York.</ref> == Pa'alטg == Nasaasisibig la anɛ ti kanɛ nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ hali ka o walim an mites 15 - 20 (49 - 66f t), nɛ saŋa biela nwa ni ka o walim an 35-40m (115-131ft). o sin'im la anɛ dɛn'ɛm, o vaand la baligidnɛ טטn wטsa nintantטטlig nwadig la. o willa la anɛ bɛda-bɛda ka widig di'eg zin'ig kanɛ wטsa ka o bɛ. a gɔl la ɛɛnti anɛ gbiligט ka an wilim-wilim ka o yalטŋ an 20-25m (66-82ft). o pinnate vaand la kaae alaa din wa'alim anɛ 20-40cm (8-16in), ka mɔr 20-30 vaan banɛ bɛ an sabil dɛnɛ'm la, ka o vaand walim na an 3-8cm (1 +¹⁄₄–3+¹⁄₄ in) wa'alim.<ref>"[https://pfaf.org/plants/neem-azadirachta-indica/ Neem | Azadirachta indica]". ''Plants For A Future''. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2023.</ref> Vaand la giinla saŋa bɛdigט ni di ɛɛnti kaae. Di teŋsטk dibir la anɛ giŋɔ.<ref>"[https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/eafrinet/weeds/key/weeds/Media/Html/Azadirachta_indica_(Neem).htm Factsheet - Azadirachta indica (Neem)]". ''keys.lucidcentral.org''. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</ref> Vaan piela banɛ mɔr nyuug la tuu nɛ taaba ka bɛdigט bɛɛ bi'ela axilliary panicles nwa lit teŋin ka li wa'alim tun'e paa 25cm (10in). o inflorescences la wa'alim an atan' mטm pטטgi la, mɔr puum ka li paae 250 - 300. puum yinne wa'alim anɛ 5-6 mm (³⁄₁₆–¹⁄₄ in) long ka o yalטŋ an 8–11 mm (⁵⁄₁₆–⁷⁄₁₆ in) .Protandrous, bisexual puum la nɛ puum banɛ an bטndaad la ɛɛnti bɛnɛ yinn nɔɔ zug. Di wɛla la saalimnɛ bɔl-bɔl (glabrous), nwɛnɛ olive-like drupe ka ba kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb anɛ ba yalטŋ la dinɛ an gbiligט la yɛla, ka o ya'a ti bin'ɛgi naae o wa'alim anɛ 28mm (¹⁄₂–1 +¹⁄₈ in) by 10–15 mm (³⁄₈–⁵⁄₈ in). wɛla la paט la (exocarp) anɛ lɛ'ɛm-lɛ'ɛm ka o diib kanɛ pטטgin tɔi hali (endocarp) la dɔnbטטl pielig ka mɔr ginla . O bטטlim la tɛbisim anɛ 3-5mm (¹⁄₈–¹⁄₄ in). Wɛl la gטטgin waŋ kanɛ an pielii kpi'im la (endocarp) gurnɛ biilif yinne, ka saansa bi'ela anɛ ayi bɛɛ atan',biili wa'ali wɛnii (kernels) ka dinɛ giligi li la an wilim-wilim. [[File:Azadirachta-indica-2019-5-3 14-14-55-01.jpg|thumb|Pollen grains]] Margosa tiig la<ref>saikia, Curtingle (2 January 2023). "[https://prakasti.com/how-to-use-neem-uses-and-benefits/ How to Use Neem- Uses and benefits - prakasti.com]". ''Prakasti''. Retrieved 11 January 2023.</ref> nɛ nɛ'ɛŋ wɛnɛ taaba, chinaberry bɛɛ bakain, ''Melia azedarach'' ''la baŋir tɔi.'' <ref>''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234651/ The Tree]''. National Academies Press (US). 1992.</ref> ''Melia azedarach'' mɛ mɔr van nyina ka ba wɛla mi nwɛn taaba. == Taksonami == O yט'טr kanɛ an ''Azadirachta indica'' ''la Adrien-Henri de Jussieu da sɔbi li zaŋi pa'al sɔ' wטsa bɛ yטטm tusir, kɔbis nii nɛ pistan' (1830).''<ref>"[https://www.ipni.org/n/1213180-2 ''Azadirachta indica'' A.Juss]." [[:en:International_Plant_Names_Index|''The International Plant Names Index''.]] Retrieved 26 March 2023.</ref> ''Yʋʋm'' tusir kɔbis yɔpɔi nε pisnu nε atan’ (1753), Carl Linnaeus da pa’al bʋnami ayi, ''Melia azedarach'' nε ''Melia azadirachta.''<ref name=":0">Linnaeus, C. (1753), "[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358403 Melia]", ''Species Plantarum'', vol. 1, Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius, pp. 384–385, retrieved 26 March 2023</ref> De Jussieu on da gɔs ka ''Melia azadirachta'' anε dinε bεε li kɔn’ nε ''Melia azedarach'' nε ban na nɔki digil new genus.<ref>e Jussieu, A. (1830). "[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26229796 Mémoire sur le groupe des Méliacées]". ''Mémoires du Muséum d'histoire naturelle''. '''19''': 153–304. Retrieved 26 March 2023. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26229866 p. 221.]</ref> On da pian’a bʋn sieba yεla, Linnaeus da ye li yʋ’ʋr anε  'azedarach'<ref name=":0" /> dinε yit French pian’ad yʋ’ʋrin na an 'azédarac', dinε da an Persian 'āzād dirakht' (ازادرخت), dinε pa’al 'free or noble tree<ref>"[[mwod:azedarach|azedarach]]". ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''. Retrieved 26 March 2023.</ref> Persian tii la yʋ’ʋr la anε ''azad darakhat-e-hind'', ka di pa’al ye ‘India dim ti kanε mɔr yɔlisim’('the free tree of India'',)  ka di pa’al yee tii la mtr yɔlisim yi ban’as nε bʋnvʋya ni.''<ref>K. K. Singh, ed. (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PyYRUCoIDk4C Neem A Treatise]''. I.K. International Publishing House, India. p. 3. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9788189866006|9788189866006]]</bdi>.</ref> == Pʋdʋgir == ''Sisibig yinɛ'' Assam region, Pakistan nɛ Bangladesh linɛ bɛ Indian tɛŋin paae Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand nɛ Vietnam linɛ bɛ Indochina. Li paae zin’is si’eba yinɛ South America paae Indonesia.<ref>[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1213180-2 "''Azadirachta indica'' A.Juss"]. ''Plants of the World Online''. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2020.</ref> == Maalig zin’ig == Ba mi’ Sisibig tiig la ka li tɔ’ɔe wak. Li nyaŋidi zi’enid zin’is banɛ ka pɛbisig bɛ bɛɛ tʋʋlʋg bi’ela bɛ, zin’is banɛ ka saa niib bɛn an wan wʋʋ 400–1,200 mm (16–47 in). Li nyaŋidi duod zin’is banɛ ka saa niib bɛn mɛ pʋ paae 400 mm, amaa zin’is ban ni, asɛɛ ka kuom bɛ tɛŋ la pʋʋgin. Sisibig nɔbigidi bɛ tɛɛns kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb ni, amaa li zin’ig sʋ’ʋŋa anɛ titanbin’isig zin’ig kanɛ ka kuom pʋ diginida. Li bɛnɛ zin’is banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ ka lin na nyaŋi bɛ zin’ig si’a tʋʋlig bɛn anɛ 21–32 °C (70–90 °F). Li maan sʋ’ʋŋa zin’is banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ ka lɛɛ kʋ nyaŋi bɛ zin’ig kanɛ ka tʋʋlig pʋ paae 5 °C (41 °F). Sisibig anɛ tiig kanɛ pʋ mɔr vaandɛ ka nɔbigidi bɛ zin’is banɛ an tʋʋlig wan wʋʋ, southern districts [[India]] nɛ [[Pakistan]] tɛnsin. Tiig nwa’ ba’a kae ye kuom pʋ zuoe bɛɛ kuom la an kuosʋŋ bɛ. India tɛŋin nɛ zin’is banɛ ka Indian nidib paae, li anɛ na’ana’a nɛ fʋ na nyɛ Sisibig tiig la suoya nɔya ni anina, Winpʋ’ʋsʋm zin’is, sakurnamin nɛ zin’is banɛ ka nidib la’asid bɛɛ nidib yampɔna. Zin’is banɛ an kpi’emis hali la, ba sɛɛt tiis la bɛdigʋ. === Mɔɔg la Zi'esim === Ba gɔs ka sisibig anɛ mɔɔg zin’ig si’eba, wan wʋʋ Middle East, li kaskas anɛ Sub-Saharan Africa tɛɛns wan wʋʋ [[West Africa]] nɛ Indian Ocean tɛɛns, nɛ zin’ig si’eba Australia tɛŋin. Li bɛilim pʋʋgin, li nɔbigidi bɛ zin’ig kanɛ an sʋ’ʋm, amaa ba nam pʋ nyaŋi vɛɛnsi li yela naae.<ref>[http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/63168/IPA-Neem-Tree-Risk-Assessment.pdf ''Plant Risk Assessment, Neem Tree,'' Azadirachta indica] (PDF). Biosecurity Queensland. 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2014.</ref> Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛnu, Vaala nwadig ni (April 2015), ba da nɔk sisibig ka li paas nɛ class B nɛ C mɔɔd ni bɛ Northern Territory, Australia sʋ’ʋlim, ka li pa’al ye sɛɛ ka ba gɔsi li ka li da yadig tɛŋa bɛɛ ba da mɔri li kpɛn’ɛ tɛŋ la ni na. Li da anɛ wada gɛsigir nɛ fʋn na da’, kuos, bɛɛ vɔn’ tiis la bɛɛ li biili mɔri tɔɔm tɛŋ. Linɛ yela ka ba da gban’e ye li anɛ mɔɔg la anɛ lin da bɛɛ ba kuosuoya nam ni gu’ud kuom ba tɛŋin la.<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150324041536/http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/353104/Neem-declaration_Q-and-A_page-1.pdf Neem has been declared: what you need to know]'' (PDF), Department of Land Resource Management, 2015, archived from [http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/353104/Neem-declaration_Q-and-A_page-1.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 March 2015, retrieved 17 March 2015</ref> Lin da kɛŋ Australia tɛŋin, yʋʋm tusir, nɛ kɔbiswai nɛ pisnaasi nam saŋa la (1940s), ba da sɛ sisibig yiiga bɛ nɛ Northern Territory ye li maal ma’asim tis bʋnkɔnbid. Ba da sɛɛ li maki li nɔbigir yela gɔs nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisyuobʋ nam saŋa (1960s) nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii saŋa (1980s) tɛnsʋk bɛ Darwin, Queensland, nɛ Western Australia, amaa Australian sisibig pɔɔg la da pʋ nyaŋi zi’enɛ. Tiig la yʋ’ʋn yadigi paae zin’ig, li kaskas anɛ kuosuoya ni ka ba la’asi bɛ zin’ig si’eba.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150324041528/http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/353108/Weed-Note-Neem-2014.pdf Neem ''Azadirachta indica''] (PDF), Department of Land Resource Management, 2015, archived from [http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/353108/Weed-Note-Neem-2014.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 March 2015, retrieved 17 March 2015</ref> == Phytochemical nam == Margosa wɛla, biili, viand, tila, nɛ pak la mᴐrnɛ phytochemicals kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb, ka kʋdʋmin dim da paami ba yi sisibi biili ni, nwɛnɛ azadirachtin dinɛ ka ba da pin’ili di bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kᴐbiswai nɛ pisyuobʋ saŋa (1960s) ka ye di anɛ bʋn-ian’ada,  banɛ gu’ud nᴐbʋgʋr nɛ tibanɛ ka ba mᴐri puusid.<ref name=":1">"[https://www.drugs.com/npp/neem.html Neem]". Drugs.com. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.</ref><ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life".] ''BBC News''.</ref> Sisibig wal kanɛ an 2 kg na an nwɛnɛ 5 g.<ref name=":1" /> Dinɛ paasi azadirachtin ka mᴐr kpinnim anɛ limonoids, biili la kpaam mᴐr glycerides, polyphenols kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb, nimbolide, triterpenes, nɛ beta-sitosterol.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12313376 Nimbolide]". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 6 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.</ref> Kpakanɛ an dᴐnbʋʋlʋm ka mi’is la mᴐr nyuug kanɛ nwɛnɛ gabpiel ka mɛ mᴐr limonoid compounds dinɛ an 2%.<ref name=":1" /> Vaand la mᴐr quercetin, catechins, carotenes, nɛ vitamin C.<ref name=":1" /> == Tʋʋma == India dim ɛnti nᴐk Margosa vand kpiɛmis nniŋ cupboard nɛ yɛ li kad bʋŋiada kaba da dit fʋʋdɛ, ka lɛm niŋid container ni nɛ mʋi nɛ wheat.<ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life"]. ''BBC News''.</ref> Di pʋʋm la ka India dim mᴐrɛ maannɛ ba malima wᴐᴐ Ugadi. === Ti’nyan === La’ad bani kaba mᴐr Margosai maan la India dim mɛ mᴐr din ka li an ba ti’nyan yʋma bɛ bɛdigʋ,<ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life"]. ''BBC News''.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.drugs.com/npp/neem.html "Neem"]. Drugs.com. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.</ref> kaba mᴐrɛ tiɛbid niŋbgiŋ ba’ans nɛ giila nɛ kᴐba ba’ans,<ref>Tejesvi, M.V.; Tamhankar, S.A.; Kini, K.R; Rao, V.S.; Prakash, H.S. (2009). "Phylogenetic analysis of endophytic ''Pestalotiopsis'' species from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees". ''Fungal Diversity''. '''38''': 167–183.</ref> amaa sibiti dim pʋ nyaŋi di kasɛta ye Margosa anɛ ti’im.<ref name=":2" /> Kpɛ’ɛmnam  pʋ mᴐr zɛmisʋgᴐ, Margosa an sʋm fʋ yaa di dabisa biɛla amaa fʋ yaa dii li saŋa bɛdigʋ, li na daami fʋ siyaanini bɛɛ fʋ sᴐ’ᴐnr. Yaa anɛ biis, margosa kpaam kaɛ sʋm, ka tᴐ’ᴐn ba’as kʋm.<ref name=":2" /> Margosa tᴐ’ᴐn kɛ ka pʋa pʋ’ʋr kpa’aɛ bɛ kʋndʋ’ar bɛ sikir ba’an.<ref name=":2" /> Ya’dagᴐbʋg India tɛŋin nɛ ya’tʋᴐna tɛŋsʋg, Margosa da’ʋg la ka ba mᴐr ka li an sigiriŋ.<ref>[https://dentalmuseum.pacific.edu/different-strokes-different-folks-history-toothbrush/4/ "Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush – Page 4 – Virtual Dental Museum"]. ''dentalmuseum.pacific.edu''. Retrieved 8 July 2021.</ref> === Tʋʋmsieba === Tiig: Margosa tiig la anɛ dinɛ yɛla pak hali di anti-desertification nwaasim la zug nɛ din an sʋ’ʋm nwɛnɛ carbon dioxide sink la zug. Nidib mᴐr mᴐri di dᴐn’ᴐsid zʋʋd nwɛnɛ bugulʋmnɛ.<ref>Schroeder, Paul (1992). "Carbon storage potential of short rotation tropical tree plantations". ''Forest Ecology and Management''. '''50''' (1–2): 31–41. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ForEM..50...31S 1992ForEM..50...31S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/0378-1127(92)90312-W|10.1016/0378-1127(92)90312-W.]]</ref><ref>Puhan, Sukumar, et al. "Mahua (Madhuca indica) seed oil: a source of renewable energy in India." (2005). </ref> Bugulʋm: ba mᴐr sisibig paasidi maan bugulʋm (urea) ka di mᴐr zɛɛnsim tis zʋʋd la.<ref>Heinrich W. Scherer; Konrad Mengel; Heinrich Dittmar; Manfred Drach; Ralf Vosskamp; Martin E. Trenkel; Reinhold Gutser; Günter Steffens; Vilmos Czikkely; Titus Niedermaier; Reinhardt Hähndel; Hans Prün; Karl-Heinz Ullrich; Hermann Mühlfeld; Wilfried Werner; Günter Kluge; Friedrich Kuhlmann; Hugo Steinhauser; Walter Brändlein; Karl-Friedrich Kummer (2007), "Fertilizers", ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' (7th ed.), Wiley, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub2|10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub2]], ISBN 978-3527306732</ref> Bʋnkᴐnbid diib: margosa viand anɛ dinɛ ka ba mᴐri ka di an yaama tis bʋnkᴐnbid nɛ su’umis.<ref>Heuzé V., Tran G., Archimède H., Bastianelli D., Lebas F., 2015. )[https://www.feedipedia.org/node/182 Neem (Azadirachta indica]. ''Feedipedia'', a programme by Institut national de la recherche agronomique, [[:en:CIRAD|CIRAD]], AFZ and [[:en:FAO|FAO]]. Last updated on 2 October 2015</ref> sigiriŋ: margosa anɛ dinɛ ka sᴐ’ wʋsa mi’ ye di anɛ sigiriŋ ka ba ᴐnbidi sᴐndigid nyina.<ref>[https://dentalmuseum.pacific.edu/different-strokes-different-folks-history-toothbrush/4/ "Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush – Page 4 – Virtual Dental Museum".] ''dentalmuseum.pacific.edu''. Retrieved 8 July 2021.</ref> === zɛɛnsim === American Journal of Neuroradiology pa’al ye, margosa kpaam na nyaŋi maal zɛɛnsim nwɛnɛ encephalopathy nɛ ophthalmopathy sᴐ’ ya’a dii li bɛdigʋ gaad 150ml (5.07 us fluid ounces).<ref>M.V. Bhaskara; S.J. Pramoda; M.U. Jeevikaa; P.K. Chandana; G. Shetteppa (6 May 2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7965469 "Letters: MR Imaging Findings of Neem Oil Poisoning"]. ''American Journal of Neuroradiology''. '''31''' (7): E60 – E61. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2146|10.3174/ajnr.A2146]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7965469 7965469]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20448012 20448012].</ref> == Genome and transcriptomes == Margosa genome nɛ transcriptomes banɛ yi lʋga kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb la anɛ dinɛ tuun dᴐl taaba.<ref>Krishnan, N; Swetansu Pattnaik; S. A. Deepak; et al. (25 December 2011). [http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/101/12/1553.pdf "De novo sequencing and assembly of ''Azadirachta indica'' fruit transcriptome" (]PDF). [[:en:Current_Science|''Current Science''.]] '''101''' (12): 1553–1561.</ref><ref>Krishnan, N; Swetansu Pattnaik; Prachi Jain; et al. (9 September 2012)[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507787 . "A Draft of the Genome and Four Transcriptomes of a Medicinal and Pesticidal Angiosperm ''Azadirachta indica''".] [[:en:BMC_Genomics|''BMC Genomics''.]] '''13''' (464): 464. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-464|10.1186/1471-2164-13-464]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507787 3507787]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22958331 22958331].</ref> Expressed sequence tags anɛ dinɛ ka ba nyɛ ka di dᴐl generation of subtractive hybridization libraries dinɛ bɛ margosa wala bʋʋlʋm, vaand, wala pa’ad. == Footonam == <gallery> File:Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Hyderabad W IMG 7006.jpg|Flowers File:Unripe Neem fruits.jpg|Unripe fruit File:Neem-Tree.jpg|Neem tree in a banana farm in India File:Ineem farm in virudhunagar.jpg|Neem tree farm File:Neem Twig sellers.JPG|Twigs for sale File:Ineem Fruit Drying process for cold pressed extraction.jpg|Fruit drying for oil extraction File:Jagnath Ineem Toothstick in tamilnadu.jpg|Cleaning teeth by chewing stick File:Hareli Festival.jpg|Native of Chhattisgarh with Neem branches and leaves for Hareli Festival File:Azadirachta indica 0001.jpg|A tree in [[Gambia]] File:Neem tree.JPG|A tree in Bangladesh File:Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Hyderabad W IMG 6976.jpg|Leaves and flowers </gallery> == Gɔsim ya'as == * ''[[:en:Azadirachta_excelsa|Azadirachta excelsa]]'' * [[:en:Azadirachtin|Azadirachtin]] * [[:en:Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] * [[:en:Arid_Forest_Research_Institute|Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI)]] * [[:en:Neem_cake|Neem cake]] * [[:en:Neem_oil|Neem oil]] * [[:en:Babool_(brand)|Babool (brand)]] of toothpaste * [[:en:Teeth_cleaning_twig|Teeth cleaning twig]] (datun) ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[category:tiis]] bs7qi4ridvqkx9i09g8gtx9bp6fz7hd 14973 14972 2025-06-21T17:39:24Z Abanga Emmanuel 481 I added text and references 14973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q170461}} '''Sisibig''' ka sieba buon ye '''Pɔnguda''' ka bam mɛ buon ye '''na'asaasisibig''' la anɛ tiig kanɛ yi kuk tiis buudi kanɛ an' Meliaceae.<ref>"''[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=6161 Azadirachta indica]''". ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 9 June 2017.</ref> Di anɛ buudi yinnɛ kanɛ pɛ'ɛs Azadirachta buudi ni. Di kae saan India teŋin nɛ  Southeast Asia teŋ siebaa. Amaa di bɛ dunia la wʋsa ni. Ka di yin bɛɛ ban nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ  zin'isieba anɛ si'anrin bɛɛ  zin'ig kanɛ an' titʋgʋr. Ti paamɛt sisibi kpaam nɛ yiti ba diib nɛ ba biili la ni. Na'asal la buonɛ ye neem, ka li anɛ Hindu dim pia'adin ka ba paam yʋ'ʋr la.<ref>Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2013), Neem, page 679, Third Edition 2008 reprinted with corrections 2013, Oxford University Press.</ref><ref>[[:en:Henry_Yule|Henry Yule]] and [[:en:A._C._Burnell|A. C. Burnell]] (1996), [[:en:Hobson-Jobson|Hobson-Jobson]], Neem, page 622, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Reference. (This work was first published in 1886)</ref><ref>[[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] World English Dictionary (1999), Neem, page 1210, St. Martin's Press, New York.</ref> == Pa'alטg == Nasaasisibig la anɛ ti kanɛ nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ hali ka o walim an mites 15 - 20 (49 - 66f t), nɛ saŋa biela nwa ni ka o walim an 35-40m (115-131ft). o sin'im la anɛ dɛn'ɛm, o vaand la baligidnɛ טטn wטsa nintantטטlig nwadig la. o willa la anɛ bɛda-bɛda ka widig di'eg zin'ig kanɛ wטsa ka o bɛ. a gɔl la ɛɛnti anɛ gbiligט ka an wilim-wilim ka o yalטŋ an 20-25m (66-82ft). o pinnate vaand la kaae alaa din wa'alim anɛ 20-40cm (8-16in), ka mɔr 20-30 vaan banɛ bɛ an sabil dɛnɛ'm la, ka o vaand walim na an 3-8cm (1 +¹⁄₄–3+¹⁄₄ in) wa'alim.<ref>"[https://pfaf.org/plants/neem-azadirachta-indica/ Neem | Azadirachta indica]". ''Plants For A Future''. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2023.</ref> Vaand la giinla saŋa bɛdigט ni di ɛɛnti kaae. Di teŋsטk dibir la anɛ giŋɔ.<ref>"[https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/eafrinet/weeds/key/weeds/Media/Html/Azadirachta_indica_(Neem).htm Factsheet - Azadirachta indica (Neem)]". ''keys.lucidcentral.org''. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</ref> Vaan piela banɛ mɔr nyuug la tuu nɛ taaba ka bɛdigט bɛɛ bi'ela axilliary panicles nwa lit teŋin ka li wa'alim tun'e paa 25cm (10in). o inflorescences la wa'alim an atan' mטm pטטgi la, mɔr puum ka li paae 250 - 300. puum yinne wa'alim anɛ 5-6 mm (³⁄₁₆–¹⁄₄ in) long ka o yalטŋ an 8–11 mm (⁵⁄₁₆–⁷⁄₁₆ in) .Protandrous, bisexual puum la nɛ puum banɛ an bטndaad la ɛɛnti bɛnɛ yinn nɔɔ zug. Di wɛla la saalimnɛ bɔl-bɔl (glabrous), nwɛnɛ olive-like drupe ka ba kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb anɛ ba yalטŋ la dinɛ an gbiligט la yɛla, ka o ya'a ti bin'ɛgi naae o wa'alim anɛ 28mm (¹⁄₂–1 +¹⁄₈ in) by 10–15 mm (³⁄₈–⁵⁄₈ in). wɛla la paט la (exocarp) anɛ lɛ'ɛm-lɛ'ɛm ka o diib kanɛ pטטgin tɔi hali (endocarp) la dɔnbטטl pielig ka mɔr ginla . O bטטlim la tɛbisim anɛ 3-5mm (¹⁄₈–¹⁄₄ in). Wɛl la gטטgin waŋ kanɛ an pielii kpi'im la (endocarp) gurnɛ biilif yinne, ka saansa bi'ela anɛ ayi bɛɛ atan',biili wa'ali wɛnii (kernels) ka dinɛ giligi li la an wilim-wilim. [[File:Azadirachta-indica-2019-5-3 14-14-55-01.jpg|thumb|Pollen grains]] Margosa tiig la<ref>saikia, Curtingle (2 January 2023). "[https://prakasti.com/how-to-use-neem-uses-and-benefits/ How to Use Neem- Uses and benefits - prakasti.com]". ''Prakasti''. Retrieved 11 January 2023.</ref> nɛ nɛ'ɛŋ wɛnɛ taaba, chinaberry bɛɛ bakain, ''Melia azedarach'' ''la baŋir tɔi.'' <ref>''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234651/ The Tree]''. National Academies Press (US). 1992.</ref> ''Melia azedarach'' mɛ mɔr van nyina ka ba wɛla mi nwɛn taaba. == Taksonami == O yט'טr kanɛ an ''Azadirachta indica'' ''la Adrien-Henri de Jussieu da sɔbi li zaŋi pa'al sɔ' wטsa bɛ yטטm tusir, kɔbis nii nɛ pistan' (1830).''<ref>"[https://www.ipni.org/n/1213180-2 ''Azadirachta indica'' A.Juss]." [[:en:International_Plant_Names_Index|''The International Plant Names Index''.]] Retrieved 26 March 2023.</ref> ''Yʋʋm'' tusir kɔbis yɔpɔi nε pisnu nε atan’ (1753), Carl Linnaeus da pa’al bʋnami ayi, ''Melia azedarach'' nε ''Melia azadirachta.''<ref name=":0">Linnaeus, C. (1753), "[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358403 Melia]", ''Species Plantarum'', vol. 1, Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius, pp. 384–385, retrieved 26 March 2023</ref> De Jussieu on da gɔs ka ''Melia azadirachta'' anε dinε bεε li kɔn’ nε ''Melia azedarach'' nε ban na nɔki digil new genus.<ref>e Jussieu, A. (1830). "[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26229796 Mémoire sur le groupe des Méliacées]". ''Mémoires du Muséum d'histoire naturelle''. '''19''': 153–304. Retrieved 26 March 2023. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26229866 p. 221.]</ref> On da pian’a bʋn sieba yεla, Linnaeus da ye li yʋ’ʋr anε  'azedarach'<ref name=":0" /> dinε yit French pian’ad yʋ’ʋrin na an 'azédarac', dinε da an Persian 'āzād dirakht' (ازادرخت), dinε pa’al 'free or noble tree<ref>"[[mwod:azedarach|azedarach]]". ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''. Retrieved 26 March 2023.</ref> Persian tii la yʋ’ʋr la anε ''azad darakhat-e-hind'', ka di pa’al ye ‘India dim ti kanε mɔr yɔlisim’('the free tree of India'',)  ka di pa’al yee tii la mtr yɔlisim yi ban’as nε bʋnvʋya ni.''<ref>K. K. Singh, ed. (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PyYRUCoIDk4C Neem A Treatise]''. I.K. International Publishing House, India. p. 3. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9788189866006|9788189866006]]</bdi>.</ref> == Pʋdʋgir == ''Sisibig yinɛ'' Assam region, Pakistan nɛ Bangladesh linɛ bɛ Indian tɛŋin paae Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand nɛ Vietnam linɛ bɛ Indochina. Li paae zin’is si’eba yinɛ South America paae Indonesia.<ref>[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1213180-2 "''Azadirachta indica'' A.Juss"]. ''Plants of the World Online''. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2020.</ref> == Maalig zin’ig == Ba mi’ Sisibig tiig la ka li tɔ’ɔe wak. Li nyaŋidi zi’enid zin’is banɛ ka pɛbisig bɛ bɛɛ tʋʋlʋg bi’ela bɛ, zin’is banɛ ka saa niib bɛn an wan wʋʋ 400–1,200 mm (16–47 in). Li nyaŋidi duod zin’is banɛ ka saa niib bɛn mɛ pʋ paae 400 mm, amaa zin’is ban ni, asɛɛ ka kuom bɛ tɛŋ la pʋʋgin. Sisibig nɔbigidi bɛ tɛɛns kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb ni, amaa li zin’ig sʋ’ʋŋa anɛ titanbin’isig zin’ig kanɛ ka kuom pʋ diginida. Li bɛnɛ zin’is banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ ka lin na nyaŋi bɛ zin’ig si’a tʋʋlig bɛn anɛ 21–32 °C (70–90 °F). Li maan sʋ’ʋŋa zin’is banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ ka lɛɛ kʋ nyaŋi bɛ zin’ig kanɛ ka tʋʋlig pʋ paae 5 °C (41 °F). Sisibig anɛ tiig kanɛ pʋ mɔr vaandɛ ka nɔbigidi bɛ zin’is banɛ an tʋʋlig wan wʋʋ, southern districts [[India]] nɛ [[Pakistan]] tɛnsin. Tiig nwa’ ba’a kae ye kuom pʋ zuoe bɛɛ kuom la an kuosʋŋ bɛ. India tɛŋin nɛ zin’is banɛ ka Indian nidib paae, li anɛ na’ana’a nɛ fʋ na nyɛ Sisibig tiig la suoya nɔya ni anina, Winpʋ’ʋsʋm zin’is, sakurnamin nɛ zin’is banɛ ka nidib la’asid bɛɛ nidib yampɔna. Zin’is banɛ an kpi’emis hali la, ba sɛɛt tiis la bɛdigʋ. === Mɔɔg la Zi'esim === Ba gɔs ka sisibig anɛ mɔɔg zin’ig si’eba, wan wʋʋ Middle East, li kaskas anɛ Sub-Saharan Africa tɛɛns wan wʋʋ [[West Africa]] nɛ Indian Ocean tɛɛns, nɛ zin’ig si’eba Australia tɛŋin. Li bɛilim pʋʋgin, li nɔbigidi bɛ zin’ig kanɛ an sʋ’ʋm, amaa ba nam pʋ nyaŋi vɛɛnsi li yela naae.<ref>[http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/63168/IPA-Neem-Tree-Risk-Assessment.pdf ''Plant Risk Assessment, Neem Tree,'' Azadirachta indica] (PDF). Biosecurity Queensland. 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2014.</ref> Yʋʋm tusayi nɛ piinɛnu, Vaala nwadig ni (April 2015), ba da nɔk sisibig ka li paas nɛ class B nɛ C mɔɔd ni bɛ Northern Territory, Australia sʋ’ʋlim, ka li pa’al ye sɛɛ ka ba gɔsi li ka li da yadig tɛŋa bɛɛ ba da mɔri li kpɛn’ɛ tɛŋ la ni na. Li da anɛ wada gɛsigir nɛ fʋn na da’, kuos, bɛɛ vɔn’ tiis la bɛɛ li biili mɔri tɔɔm tɛŋ. Linɛ yela ka ba da gban’e ye li anɛ mɔɔg la anɛ lin da bɛɛ ba kuosuoya nam ni gu’ud kuom ba tɛŋin la.<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150324041536/http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/353104/Neem-declaration_Q-and-A_page-1.pdf Neem has been declared: what you need to know]'' (PDF), Department of Land Resource Management, 2015, archived from [http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/353104/Neem-declaration_Q-and-A_page-1.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 March 2015, retrieved 17 March 2015</ref> Lin da kɛŋ Australia tɛŋin, yʋʋm tusir, nɛ kɔbiswai nɛ pisnaasi nam saŋa la (1940s), ba da sɛ sisibig yiiga bɛ nɛ Northern Territory ye li maal ma’asim tis bʋnkɔnbid. Ba da sɛɛ li maki li nɔbigir yela gɔs nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisyuobʋ nam saŋa (1960s) nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii saŋa (1980s) tɛnsʋk bɛ Darwin, Queensland, nɛ Western Australia, amaa Australian sisibig pɔɔg la da pʋ nyaŋi zi’enɛ. Tiig la yʋ’ʋn yadigi paae zin’ig, li kaskas anɛ kuosuoya ni ka ba la’asi bɛ zin’ig si’eba.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150324041528/http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/353108/Weed-Note-Neem-2014.pdf Neem ''Azadirachta indica''] (PDF), Department of Land Resource Management, 2015, archived from [http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/353108/Weed-Note-Neem-2014.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 March 2015, retrieved 17 March 2015</ref> == Phytochemical nam == Margosa wɛla, biili, viand, tila, nɛ pak la mᴐrnɛ phytochemicals kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb, ka kʋdʋmin dim da paami ba yi sisibi biili ni, nwɛnɛ azadirachtin dinɛ ka ba da pin’ili di bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kᴐbiswai nɛ pisyuobʋ saŋa (1960s) ka ye di anɛ bʋn-ian’ada,  banɛ gu’ud nᴐbʋgʋr nɛ tibanɛ ka ba mᴐri puusid.<ref name=":1">"[https://www.drugs.com/npp/neem.html Neem]". Drugs.com. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.</ref><ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life".] ''BBC News''.</ref> Sisibig wal kanɛ an 2 kg na an nwɛnɛ 5 g.<ref name=":1" /> Dinɛ paasi azadirachtin ka mᴐr kpinnim anɛ limonoids, biili la kpaam mᴐr glycerides, polyphenols kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb, nimbolide, triterpenes, nɛ beta-sitosterol.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12313376 Nimbolide]". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 6 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.</ref> Kpakanɛ an dᴐnbʋʋlʋm ka mi’is la mᴐr nyuug kanɛ nwɛnɛ gabpiel ka mɛ mᴐr limonoid compounds dinɛ an 2%.<ref name=":1" /> Vaand la mᴐr quercetin, catechins, carotenes, nɛ vitamin C.<ref name=":1" /> == Tʋʋma == India dim ɛnti nᴐk Margosa vand kpiɛmis nniŋ cupboard nɛ yɛ li kad bʋŋiada kaba da dit fʋʋdɛ, ka lɛm niŋid container ni nɛ mʋi nɛ wheat.<ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life"]. ''BBC News''.</ref> Di pʋʋm la ka India dim mᴐrɛ maannɛ ba malima wᴐᴐ Ugadi. === Ti’nyan === La’ad bani kaba mᴐr Margosai maan la India dim mɛ mᴐr din ka li an ba ti’nyan yʋma bɛ bɛdigʋ,<ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life"]. ''BBC News''.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.drugs.com/npp/neem.html "Neem"]. Drugs.com. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.</ref> kaba mᴐrɛ tiɛbid niŋbgiŋ ba’ans nɛ giila nɛ kᴐba ba’ans,<ref>Tejesvi, M.V.; Tamhankar, S.A.; Kini, K.R; Rao, V.S.; Prakash, H.S. (2009). "Phylogenetic analysis of endophytic ''Pestalotiopsis'' species from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees". ''Fungal Diversity''. '''38''': 167–183.</ref> amaa sibiti dim pʋ nyaŋi di kasɛta ye Margosa anɛ ti’im.<ref name=":2" /> Kpɛ’ɛmnam  pʋ mᴐr zɛmisʋgᴐ, Margosa an sʋm fʋ yaa di dabisa biɛla amaa fʋ yaa dii li saŋa bɛdigʋ, li na daami fʋ siyaanini bɛɛ fʋ sᴐ’ᴐnr. Yaa anɛ biis, margosa kpaam kaɛ sʋm, ka tᴐ’ᴐn ba’as kʋm.<ref name=":2" /> Margosa tᴐ’ᴐn kɛ ka pʋa pʋ’ʋr kpa’aɛ bɛ kʋndʋ’ar bɛ sikir ba’an.<ref name=":2" /> Ya’dagᴐbʋg India tɛŋin nɛ ya’tʋᴐna tɛŋsʋg, Margosa da’ʋg la ka ba mᴐr ka li an sigiriŋ.<ref>[https://dentalmuseum.pacific.edu/different-strokes-different-folks-history-toothbrush/4/ "Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush – Page 4 – Virtual Dental Museum"]. ''dentalmuseum.pacific.edu''. Retrieved 8 July 2021.</ref> === Tʋʋmsieba === Tiig: Margosa tiig la anɛ dinɛ yɛla pak hali di anti-desertification nwaasim la zug nɛ din an sʋ’ʋm nwɛnɛ carbon dioxide sink la zug. Nidib mᴐr mᴐri di dᴐn’ᴐsid zʋʋd nwɛnɛ bugulʋmnɛ.<ref>Schroeder, Paul (1992). "Carbon storage potential of short rotation tropical tree plantations". ''Forest Ecology and Management''. '''50''' (1–2): 31–41. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ForEM..50...31S 1992ForEM..50...31S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/0378-1127(92)90312-W|10.1016/0378-1127(92)90312-W.]]</ref><ref>Puhan, Sukumar, et al. "Mahua (Madhuca indica) seed oil: a source of renewable energy in India." (2005). </ref> Bugulʋm: ba mᴐr sisibig paasidi maan bugulʋm (urea) ka di mᴐr zɛɛnsim tis zʋʋd la.<ref>Heinrich W. Scherer; Konrad Mengel; Heinrich Dittmar; Manfred Drach; Ralf Vosskamp; Martin E. Trenkel; Reinhold Gutser; Günter Steffens; Vilmos Czikkely; Titus Niedermaier; Reinhardt Hähndel; Hans Prün; Karl-Heinz Ullrich; Hermann Mühlfeld; Wilfried Werner; Günter Kluge; Friedrich Kuhlmann; Hugo Steinhauser; Walter Brändlein; Karl-Friedrich Kummer (2007), "Fertilizers", ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' (7th ed.), Wiley, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub2|10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub2]], ISBN 978-3527306732</ref> Bʋnkᴐnbid diib: margosa viand anɛ dinɛ ka ba mᴐri ka di an yaama tis bʋnkᴐnbid nɛ su’umis.<ref>Heuzé V., Tran G., Archimède H., Bastianelli D., Lebas F., 2015. )[https://www.feedipedia.org/node/182 Neem (Azadirachta indica]. ''Feedipedia'', a programme by Institut national de la recherche agronomique, [[:en:CIRAD|CIRAD]], AFZ and [[:en:FAO|FAO]]. Last updated on 2 October 2015</ref> sigiriŋ: margosa anɛ dinɛ ka sᴐ’ wʋsa mi’ ye di anɛ sigiriŋ ka ba ᴐnbidi sᴐndigid nyina.<ref>[https://dentalmuseum.pacific.edu/different-strokes-different-folks-history-toothbrush/4/ "Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush – Page 4 – Virtual Dental Museum".] ''dentalmuseum.pacific.edu''. Retrieved 8 July 2021.</ref> === zɛɛnsim === American Journal of Neuroradiology pa’al ye, margosa kpaam na nyaŋi maal zɛɛnsim nwɛnɛ encephalopathy nɛ ophthalmopathy sᴐ’ ya’a dii li bɛdigʋ gaad 150ml (5.07 us fluid ounces).<ref>M.V. Bhaskara; S.J. Pramoda; M.U. Jeevikaa; P.K. Chandana; G. Shetteppa (6 May 2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7965469 "Letters: MR Imaging Findings of Neem Oil Poisoning"]. ''American Journal of Neuroradiology''. '''31''' (7): E60 – E61. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2146|10.3174/ajnr.A2146]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7965469 7965469]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20448012 20448012].</ref> == Genome and transcriptomes == Margosa genome nɛ transcriptomes banɛ yi lʋga kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb la anɛ dinɛ tuun dᴐl taaba.<ref>Krishnan, N; Swetansu Pattnaik; S. A. Deepak; et al. (25 December 2011). [http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/101/12/1553.pdf "De novo sequencing and assembly of ''Azadirachta indica'' fruit transcriptome" (]PDF). [[:en:Current_Science|''Current Science''.]] '''101''' (12): 1553–1561.</ref><ref>Krishnan, N; Swetansu Pattnaik; Prachi Jain; et al. (9 September 2012)[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507787 . "A Draft of the Genome and Four Transcriptomes of a Medicinal and Pesticidal Angiosperm ''Azadirachta indica''".] [[:en:BMC_Genomics|''BMC Genomics''.]] '''13''' (464): 464. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-464|10.1186/1471-2164-13-464]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507787 3507787]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22958331 22958331].</ref><ref>Krishnan, N; Prachi Jain; Prachi Jain; Arun K Hariharan; Binay Panda (20 April 2016). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938638 "An Improved Genome Assembly of ''Azadirachta indica'' A. Juss"]. ''[[:en:G3:_Genes,_Genomes,_Genetics|G3]]''. '''6''' (7): 1835–1840. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1534/g3.116.030056|10.1534/g3.116.030056]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938638 4938638]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27172223 27172223].</ref> Expressed sequence tags anɛ dinɛ ka ba nyɛ ka di dᴐl generation of subtractive hybridization libraries dinɛ bɛ margosa wala bʋʋlʋm, vaand, wala pa’ad nam.<ref>Narnoliya, Lokesh K.; Rajakani, Raja; Sangwan, Neelam S.; Gupta, Vikrant; Sangwan, Rajender S. (2014). "Comparative transcripts profiling of fruit mesocarp and endocarp relevant to secondary metabolism by suppression subtractive hybridization in ''Azadirachta indica'' (neem)". ''Molecular Biology Reports''. '''41''' (5): 3147–3162. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s11033-014-3174-x|10.1007/s11033-014-3174-x]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24477588 24477588]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16605633 16605633].</ref><ref>Rajakani, Raja; Narnoliya, Lokesh; Sangwan, Neelam S.; Sangwan, Rajender S.; Gupta, Vikrant (2014). "Subtractive transcriptomes of fruit and leaf reveal differential representation of transcripts in ''Azadirachta indica''". ''Tree Genetics & Genomes''. '''10''' (5): 1331–1351. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s11295-014-0764-7|10.1007/s11295-014-0764-7]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] 11857916.</ref> == Footonam == <gallery> File:Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Hyderabad W IMG 7006.jpg|Flowers File:Unripe Neem fruits.jpg|Unripe fruit File:Neem-Tree.jpg|Neem tree in a banana farm in India File:Ineem farm in virudhunagar.jpg|Neem tree farm File:Neem Twig sellers.JPG|Twigs for sale File:Ineem Fruit Drying process for cold pressed extraction.jpg|Fruit drying for oil extraction File:Jagnath Ineem Toothstick in tamilnadu.jpg|Cleaning teeth by chewing stick File:Hareli Festival.jpg|Native of Chhattisgarh with Neem branches and leaves for Hareli Festival File:Azadirachta indica 0001.jpg|A tree in [[Gambia]] File:Neem tree.JPG|A tree in Bangladesh File:Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Hyderabad W IMG 6976.jpg|Leaves and flowers </gallery> == Gɔsim ya'as == * ''[[:en:Azadirachta_excelsa|Azadirachta excelsa]]'' * [[:en:Azadirachtin|Azadirachtin]] * [[:en:Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] * [[:en:Arid_Forest_Research_Institute|Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI)]] * [[:en:Neem_cake|Neem cake]] * [[:en:Neem_oil|Neem oil]] * [[:en:Babool_(brand)|Babool (brand)]] of toothpaste * [[:en:Teeth_cleaning_twig|Teeth cleaning twig]] (datun) ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[category:tiis]] 60pbppquo7p383mcyjgckgwo71945pv 14978 14973 2025-06-21T21:31:44Z Frank Awini Abugri 162 I added images 14978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q170461}} '''Sisibig''' ka sieba buon ye '''Pɔnguda''' ka bam mɛ buon ye '''na'asaasisibig''' la anɛ tiig kanɛ yi kuk tiis buudi kanɛ an' Meliaceae.<ref>"''[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=6161 Azadirachta indica]''". ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 9 June 2017.</ref> Di anɛ buudi yinnɛ kanɛ pɛ'ɛs Azadirachta buudi ni. Di kae saan India teŋin nɛ  Southeast Asia teŋ siebaa. Amaa di bɛ dunia la wʋsa ni. Ka di yin bɛɛ ban nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ  zin'isieba anɛ si'anrin bɛɛ  zin'ig kanɛ an' titʋgʋr. Ti paamɛt sisibi kpaam nɛ yiti ba diib nɛ ba biili la ni. Na'asal la buonɛ ye neem, ka li anɛ Hindu dim pia'adin ka ba paam yʋ'ʋr la.<ref>Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2013), Neem, page 679, Third Edition 2008 reprinted with corrections 2013, Oxford University Press.</ref><ref>[[:en:Henry_Yule|Henry Yule]] and [[:en:A._C._Burnell|A. C. Burnell]] (1996), [[:en:Hobson-Jobson|Hobson-Jobson]], Neem, page 622, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Reference. (This work was first published in 1886)</ref><ref>[[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] World English Dictionary (1999), Neem, page 1210, St. Martin's Press, New York.</ref> == Pa'alטg == Nasaasisibig la anɛ ti kanɛ nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ hali ka o walim an mites 15 - 20 (49 - 66f t), nɛ saŋa biela nwa ni ka o walim an 35-40m (115-131ft). o sin'im la anɛ dɛn'ɛm, o vaand la baligidnɛ טטn wטsa nintantטטlig nwadig la. o willa la anɛ bɛda-bɛda ka widig di'eg zin'ig kanɛ wטsa ka o bɛ. a gɔl la ɛɛnti anɛ gbiligט ka an wilim-wilim ka o yalטŋ an 20-25m (66-82ft). o pinnate vaand la kaae alaa din wa'alim anɛ 20-40cm (8-16in), ka mɔr 20-30 vaan banɛ bɛ an sabil dɛnɛ'm la, ka o vaand walim na an 3-8cm (1+¹⁄₄–3+¹⁄₄ in) wa'alim.<ref>"[https://pfaf.org/plants/neem-azadirachta-indica/ Neem | Azadirachta indica]". ''Plants For A Future''. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2023.</ref> Vaand la giinla saŋa bɛdigט ni di ɛɛnti kaae. Di teŋsטk dibir la anɛ giŋɔ.<ref>"[https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/eafrinet/weeds/key/weeds/Media/Html/Azadirachta_indica_(Neem).htm Factsheet - Azadirachta indica (Neem)]". ''keys.lucidcentral.org''. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</ref> Vaan piela banɛ mɔr nyuug la tuu nɛ taaba ka bɛdigט bɛɛ bi'ela axilliary panicles nwa lit teŋin ka li wa'alim tun'e paa 25cm (10in). o inflorescences la wa'alim an atan' mטm pטטgi la, mɔr puum ka li paae 250 - 300. puum yinne wa'alim anɛ 5-6 mm (³⁄₁₆–¹⁄₄ in) long ka o yalטŋ an 8–11 mm (⁵⁄₁₆–⁷⁄₁₆ in) .Protandrous, bisexual puum la nɛ puum banɛ an bטndaad la ɛɛnti bɛnɛ yinn nɔɔ zug. Di wɛla la saalimnɛ bɔl-bɔl (glabrous), nwɛnɛ olive-like drupe ka ba kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb anɛ ba yalטŋ la dinɛ an gbiligט la yɛla, ka o ya'a ti bin'ɛgi naae o wa'alim anɛ 28mm (¹⁄₂–1+¹⁄₈ in) by 10–15 mm (³⁄₈–⁵⁄₈ in). wɛla la paט la (exocarp) anɛ lɛ'ɛm-lɛ'ɛm ka o diib kanɛ pטטgin tɔi hali (endocarp) la dɔnbטטl pielig ka mɔr ginla . O bטטlim la tɛbisim anɛ 3-5mm (¹⁄₈–¹⁄₄ in). Wɛl la gטטgin waŋ kanɛ an pielii kpi'im la (endocarp) gurnɛ biilif yinne, ka saansa bi'ela anɛ ayi bɛɛ atan',biili wa'ali wɛnii (kernels) ka dinɛ giligi li la an wilim-wilim.[[File:Azadirachta-indica-2019-5-3 14-14-55-01.jpg|thumb|Pollen grains]] Margosa tiig la<ref>saikia, Curtingle (2 January 2023). "[https://prakasti.com/how-to-use-neem-uses-and-benefits/ How to Use Neem- Uses and benefits - prakasti.com]". ''Prakasti''. Retrieved 11 January 2023.</ref> nɛ nɛ'ɛŋ wɛnɛ taaba, chinaberry bɛɛ bakain, ''Melia azedarach'' ''la baŋir tɔi.'' <ref>''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234651/ The Tree]''. National Academies Press (US). 1992.</ref> ''Melia azedarach'' mɛ mɔr van nyina ka ba wɛla mi nwɛn taaba. == Taksonami == O yט'טr kanɛ an ''Azadirachta indica'' ''la Adrien-Henri de Jussieu da sɔbi li zaŋi pa'al sɔ' wטsa bɛ yטטm tusir, kɔbis nii nɛ pistan' (1830).''<ref>"[https://www.ipni.org/n/1213180-2 ''Azadirachta indica'' A.Juss]." [[:en:International_Plant_Names_Index|''The International Plant Names Index''.]] Retrieved 26 March 2023.</ref> ''Yʋʋm'' tusir kɔbis yɔpɔi nε pisnu nε atan’ (1753), Carl Linnaeus da pa’al bʋnami ayi, ''Melia azedarach'' nε ''Melia azadirachta.''<ref name=":0">Linnaeus, C. (1753), "[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358403 Melia]", ''Species Plantarum'', vol. 1, Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius, pp. 384–385, retrieved 26 March 2023</ref> De Jussieu on da gɔs ka ''Melia azadirachta'' anε dinε bεε li kɔn’ nε ''Melia azedarach'' nε ban na nɔki digil new genus.<ref>e Jussieu, A. (1830). "[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26229796 Mémoire sur le groupe des Méliacées]". ''Mémoires du Muséum d'histoire naturelle''. '''19''': 153–304. Retrieved 26 March 2023. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26229866 p. 221.]</ref> On da pian’a bʋn sieba yεla, Linnaeus da ye li yʋ’ʋr anε  'azedarach'<ref name=":0" /> dinε yit French pian’ad yʋ’ʋrin na an 'azédarac', dinε da an Persian 'āzād dirakht' (ازادرخت), dinε pa’al 'free or noble tree<ref>"[[mwod:azedarach|azedarach]]". ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''. Retrieved 26 March 2023.</ref> Persian tii la yʋ’ʋr la anε ''azad darakhat-e-hind'', ka di pa’al ye ‘India dim ti kanε mɔr yɔlisim’('the free tree of India'',)  ka di pa’al yee tii la mtr yɔlisim yi ban’as nε bʋnvʋya ni.''<ref>K. K. Singh, ed. (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PyYRUCoIDk4C Neem A Treatise]''. I.K. International Publishing House, India. p. 3. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9788189866006|9788189866006]]</bdi>.</ref> == Pʋdʋgir == ''Sisibig yinɛ'' Assam region, Pakistan nɛ Bangladesh linɛ bɛ Indian tɛŋin paae Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand nɛ Vietnam linɛ bɛ Indochina. Li paae zin’is si’eba yinɛ South America paae Indonesia.<ref>[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1213180-2 "''Azadirachta indica'' A.Juss"]. ''Plants of the World Online''. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2020.</ref> == Maalig zin’ig == Ba mi’ Sisibig tiig la ka li tɔ’ɔe wak. Li nyaŋidi zi’enid zin’is banɛ ka pɛbisig bɛ bɛɛ tʋʋlʋg bi’ela bɛ, zin’is banɛ ka saa niib bɛn an wan wʋʋ 400–1,200 mm (16–47 in). Li nyaŋidi duod zin’is banɛ ka saa niib bɛn mɛ pʋ paae 400 mm, amaa zin’is ban ni, asɛɛ ka kuom bɛ tɛŋ la pʋʋgin. Sisibig nɔbigidi bɛ tɛɛns kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb ni, amaa li zin’ig sʋ’ʋŋa anɛ titanbin’isig zin’ig kanɛ ka kuom pʋ diginida. Li bɛnɛ zin’is banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ ka lin na nyaŋi bɛ zin’ig si’a tʋʋlig bɛn anɛ 21–32 °C (70–90 °F). Li maan sʋ’ʋŋa zin’is banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ ka lɛɛ kʋ nyaŋi bɛ zin’ig kanɛ ka tʋʋlig pʋ paae 5 °C (41 °F). Sisibig anɛ tiig kanɛ pʋ mɔr vaandɛ ka nɔbigidi bɛ zin’is banɛ an tʋʋlig wan wʋʋ, southern districts [[India]] nɛ [[Pakistan]] tɛnsin. Tiig nwa’ ba’a kae ye kuom pʋ zuoe bɛɛ kuom la an kuosʋŋ bɛ. India tɛŋin nɛ zin’is banɛ ka Indian nidib paae, li anɛ na’ana’a nɛ fʋ na nyɛ Sisibig tiig la suoya nɔya ni anina, Winpʋ’ʋsʋm zin’is, sakurnamin nɛ zin’is banɛ ka nidib la’asid bɛɛ nidib yampɔna. Zin’is banɛ an kpi’emis hali la, ba sɛɛt tiis la bɛdigʋ. === Mɔɔg la Zi'esim === Ba gɔs ka sisibig anɛ mɔɔg zin’ig si’eba, wan wʋʋ Middle East, li kaskas anɛ Sub-Saharan Africa tɛɛns wan wʋʋ [[West Africa]] nɛ Indian Ocean tɛɛns, nɛ zin’ig si’eba Australia tɛŋin. Li bɛilim pʋʋgin, li nɔbigidi bɛ zin’ig kanɛ an sʋ’ʋm, amaa ba nam pʋ nyaŋi vɛɛnsi li yela naae.<ref>[http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/63168/IPA-Neem-Tree-Risk-Assessment.pdf ''Plant Risk Assessment, Neem Tree,'' Azadirachta indica] (PDF). Biosecurity Queensland. 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2014.</ref> Yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛnu, Vaala nwadig ni (April 2015), ba da nɔk sisibig ka li paas nɛ class B nɛ C mɔɔd ni bɛ Northern Territory, Australia sʋ’ʋlim, ka li pa’al ye sɛɛ ka ba gɔsi li ka li da yadig tɛŋa bɛɛ ba da mɔri li kpɛn’ɛ tɛŋ la ni na. Li da anɛ wada gɛsigir nɛ fʋn na da’, kuos, bɛɛ vɔn’ tiis la bɛɛ li biili mɔri tɔɔm tɛŋ. Linɛ yela ka ba da gban’e ye li anɛ mɔɔg la anɛ lin da bɛɛ ba kuosuoya nam ni gu’ud kuom ba tɛŋin la.<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150324041536/http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/353104/Neem-declaration_Q-and-A_page-1.pdf Neem has been declared: what you need to know]'' (PDF), Department of Land Resource Management, 2015, archived from [http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/353104/Neem-declaration_Q-and-A_page-1.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 March 2015, retrieved 17 March 2015</ref> Lin da kɛŋ Australia tɛŋin, yʋʋm tusir, nɛ kɔbiswai nɛ pisnaasi nam saŋa la (1940s), ba da sɛ sisibig yiiga bɛ nɛ Northern Territory ye li maal ma’asim tis bʋnkɔnbid. Ba da sɛɛ li maki li nɔbigir yela gɔs nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisyuobʋ nam saŋa (1960s) nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii saŋa (1980s) tɛnsʋk bɛ Darwin, Queensland, nɛ Western Australia, amaa Australian sisibig pɔɔg la da pʋ nyaŋi zi’enɛ. Tiig la yʋ’ʋn yadigi paae zin’ig, li kaskas anɛ kuosuoya ni ka ba la’asi bɛ zin’ig si’eba.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150324041528/http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/353108/Weed-Note-Neem-2014.pdf Neem ''Azadirachta indica''] (PDF), Department of Land Resource Management, 2015, archived from [http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/353108/Weed-Note-Neem-2014.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 March 2015, retrieved 17 March 2015</ref> == Phytochemical nam == Margosa wɛla, biili, viand, tila, nɛ pak la mᴐrnɛ phytochemicals kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb, ka kʋdʋmin dim da paami ba yi sisibi biili ni, nwɛnɛ azadirachtin dinɛ ka ba da pin’ili di bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kᴐbiswai nɛ pisyuobʋ saŋa (1960s) ka ye di anɛ bʋn-ian’ada,  banɛ gu’ud nᴐbʋgʋr nɛ tibanɛ ka ba mᴐri puusid.<ref name=":1">"[https://www.drugs.com/npp/neem.html Neem]". Drugs.com. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.</ref><ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life".] ''BBC News''.</ref> Sisibig wal kanɛ an 2 kg na an nwɛnɛ 5 g.<ref name=":1" /> Dinɛ paasi azadirachtin ka mᴐr kpinnim anɛ limonoids, biili la kpaam mᴐr glycerides, polyphenols kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb, nimbolide, triterpenes, nɛ beta-sitosterol.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12313376 Nimbolide]". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 6 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.</ref> Kpakanɛ an dᴐnbʋʋlʋm ka mi’is la mᴐr nyuug kanɛ nwɛnɛ gabpiel ka mɛ mᴐr limonoid compounds dinɛ an 2%.<ref name=":1" /> Vaand la mᴐr quercetin, catechins, carotenes, nɛ vitamin C.<ref name=":1" /> == Tʋʋma == [[File:Neem tree farm in south india.jpg|thumb|Neem tree farm from south India]] [[File:Neem.jpg|thumb|A large tree]] [[File:Neem tree leaves.JPG|thumb|Leaves]] [[File:Bark (5059231711).jpg|thumb|Bark]] [[File:Ineem seeds .jpg|thumb|Neem seeds]] India dim ɛnti nᴐk Margosa vand kpiɛmis nniŋ cupboard nɛ yɛ li kad bʋŋiada kaba da dit fʋʋdɛ, ka lɛm niŋid container ni nɛ mʋi nɛ wheat.<ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life"]. ''BBC News''.</ref> Di pʋʋm la ka India dim mᴐrɛ maannɛ ba malima wᴐᴐ Ugadi. === Ti’nyan === La’ad bani kaba mᴐr Margosai maan la India dim mɛ mᴐr din ka li an ba ti’nyan yʋma bɛ bɛdigʋ,<ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life"]. ''BBC News''.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.drugs.com/npp/neem.html "Neem"]. Drugs.com. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.</ref> kaba mᴐrɛ tiɛbid niŋbgiŋ ba’ans nɛ giila nɛ kᴐba ba’ans,<ref>Tejesvi, M.V.; Tamhankar, S.A.; Kini, K.R; Rao, V.S.; Prakash, H.S. (2009). "Phylogenetic analysis of endophytic ''Pestalotiopsis'' species from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees". ''Fungal Diversity''. '''38''': 167–183.</ref> amaa sibiti dim pʋ nyaŋi di kasɛta ye Margosa anɛ ti’im.<ref name=":2" /> Kpɛ’ɛmnam  pʋ mᴐr zɛmisʋgᴐ, Margosa an sʋm fʋ yaa di dabisa biɛla amaa fʋ yaa dii li saŋa bɛdigʋ, li na daami fʋ siyaanini bɛɛ fʋ sᴐ’ᴐnr. Yaa anɛ biis, margosa kpaam kaɛ sʋm, ka tᴐ’ᴐn ba’as kʋm.<ref name=":2" /> Margosa tᴐ’ᴐn kɛ ka pʋa pʋ’ʋr kpa’aɛ bɛ kʋndʋ’ar bɛ sikir ba’an.<ref name=":2" /> Ya’dagᴐbʋg India tɛŋin nɛ ya’tʋᴐna tɛŋsʋg, Margosa da’ʋg la ka ba mᴐr ka li an sigiriŋ.<ref>[https://dentalmuseum.pacific.edu/different-strokes-different-folks-history-toothbrush/4/ "Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush – Page 4 – Virtual Dental Museum"]. ''dentalmuseum.pacific.edu''. Retrieved 8 July 2021.</ref> === Tʋʋmsieba === Tiig: Margosa tiig la anɛ dinɛ yɛla pak hali di anti-desertification nwaasim la zug nɛ din an sʋ’ʋm nwɛnɛ carbon dioxide sink la zug. Nidib mᴐr mᴐri di dᴐn’ᴐsid zʋʋd nwɛnɛ bugulʋmnɛ.<ref>Schroeder, Paul (1992). "Carbon storage potential of short rotation tropical tree plantations". ''Forest Ecology and Management''. '''50''' (1–2): 31–41. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ForEM..50...31S 1992ForEM..50...31S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/0378-1127(92)90312-W|10.1016/0378-1127(92)90312-W.]]</ref><ref>Puhan, Sukumar, et al. "Mahua (Madhuca indica) seed oil: a source of renewable energy in India." (2005). </ref> Bugulʋm: ba mᴐr sisibig paasidi maan bugulʋm (urea) ka di mᴐr zɛɛnsim tis zʋʋd la.<ref>Heinrich W. Scherer; Konrad Mengel; Heinrich Dittmar; Manfred Drach; Ralf Vosskamp; Martin E. Trenkel; Reinhold Gutser; Günter Steffens; Vilmos Czikkely; Titus Niedermaier; Reinhardt Hähndel; Hans Prün; Karl-Heinz Ullrich; Hermann Mühlfeld; Wilfried Werner; Günter Kluge; Friedrich Kuhlmann; Hugo Steinhauser; Walter Brändlein; Karl-Friedrich Kummer (2007), "Fertilizers", ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' (7th ed.), Wiley, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub2|10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub2]], ISBN 978-3527306732</ref> Bʋnkᴐnbid diib: margosa viand anɛ dinɛ ka ba mᴐri ka di an yaama tis bʋnkᴐnbid nɛ su’umis.<ref>Heuzé V., Tran G., Archimède H., Bastianelli D., Lebas F., 2015. )[https://www.feedipedia.org/node/182 Neem (Azadirachta indica]. ''Feedipedia'', a programme by Institut national de la recherche agronomique, [[:en:CIRAD|CIRAD]], AFZ and [[:en:FAO|FAO]]. Last updated on 2 October 2015</ref> sigiriŋ: margosa anɛ dinɛ ka sᴐ’ wʋsa mi’ ye di anɛ sigiriŋ ka ba ᴐnbidi sᴐndigid nyina.<ref>[https://dentalmuseum.pacific.edu/different-strokes-different-folks-history-toothbrush/4/ "Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush – Page 4 – Virtual Dental Museum".] ''dentalmuseum.pacific.edu''. Retrieved 8 July 2021.</ref> === zɛɛnsim === American Journal of Neuroradiology pa’al ye, margosa kpaam na nyaŋi maal zɛɛnsim nwɛnɛ encephalopathy nɛ ophthalmopathy sᴐ’ ya’a dii li bɛdigʋ gaad 150ml (5.07 us fluid ounces).<ref>M.V. Bhaskara; S.J. Pramoda; M.U. Jeevikaa; P.K. Chandana; G. Shetteppa (6 May 2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7965469 "Letters: MR Imaging Findings of Neem Oil Poisoning"]. ''American Journal of Neuroradiology''. '''31''' (7): E60 – E61. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2146|10.3174/ajnr.A2146]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7965469 7965469]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20448012 20448012].</ref> == Genome and transcriptomes == Margosa genome nɛ transcriptomes banɛ yi lʋga kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb la anɛ dinɛ tuun dᴐl taaba.<ref>Krishnan, N; Swetansu Pattnaik; S. A. Deepak; et al. (25 December 2011). [http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/101/12/1553.pdf "De novo sequencing and assembly of ''Azadirachta indica'' fruit transcriptome" (]PDF). [[:en:Current_Science|''Current Science''.]] '''101''' (12): 1553–1561.</ref><ref>Krishnan, N; Swetansu Pattnaik; Prachi Jain; et al. (9 September 2012)[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507787 . "A Draft of the Genome and Four Transcriptomes of a Medicinal and Pesticidal Angiosperm ''Azadirachta indica''".] [[:en:BMC_Genomics|''BMC Genomics''.]] '''13''' (464): 464. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-464|10.1186/1471-2164-13-464]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507787 3507787]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22958331 22958331].</ref><ref>Krishnan, N; Prachi Jain; Prachi Jain; Arun K Hariharan; Binay Panda (20 April 2016). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938638 "An Improved Genome Assembly of ''Azadirachta indica'' A. Juss"]. ''[[:en:G3:_Genes,_Genomes,_Genetics|G3]]''. '''6''' (7): 1835–1840. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1534/g3.116.030056|10.1534/g3.116.030056]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938638 4938638]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27172223 27172223].</ref> Expressed sequence tags anɛ dinɛ ka ba nyɛ ka di dᴐl generation of subtractive hybridization libraries dinɛ bɛ margosa wala bʋʋlʋm, vaand, wala pa’ad nam.<ref>Narnoliya, Lokesh K.; Rajakani, Raja; Sangwan, Neelam S.; Gupta, Vikrant; Sangwan, Rajender S. (2014). "Comparative transcripts profiling of fruit mesocarp and endocarp relevant to secondary metabolism by suppression subtractive hybridization in ''Azadirachta indica'' (neem)". ''Molecular Biology Reports''. '''41''' (5): 3147–3162. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s11033-014-3174-x|10.1007/s11033-014-3174-x]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24477588 24477588]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16605633 16605633].</ref><ref>Rajakani, Raja; Narnoliya, Lokesh; Sangwan, Neelam S.; Sangwan, Rajender S.; Gupta, Vikrant (2014). "Subtractive transcriptomes of fruit and leaf reveal differential representation of transcripts in ''Azadirachta indica''". ''Tree Genetics & Genomes''. '''10''' (5): 1331–1351. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s11295-014-0764-7|10.1007/s11295-014-0764-7]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] 11857916.</ref> ==O Sʋm Buudi Ni== [[File:Tree in Sant Nenuram ashram.jpg|thumb|Neem tree at [[Sant Nenuram Ashram]], Pakistan]] == Footonam == <gallery> File:Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Hyderabad W IMG 7006.jpg|Flowers File:Unripe Neem fruits.jpg|Unripe fruit File:Neem-Tree.jpg|Neem tree in a banana farm in India File:Ineem farm in virudhunagar.jpg|Neem tree farm File:Neem Twig sellers.JPG|Twigs for sale File:Ineem Fruit Drying process for cold pressed extraction.jpg|Fruit drying for oil extraction File:Jagnath Ineem Toothstick in tamilnadu.jpg|Cleaning teeth by chewing stick File:Hareli Festival.jpg|Native of Chhattisgarh with Neem branches and leaves for Hareli Festival File:Azadirachta indica 0001.jpg|A tree in [[Gambia]] File:Neem tree.JPG|A tree in Bangladesh File:Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Hyderabad W IMG 6976.jpg|Leaves and flowers </gallery> == Gɔsim ya'as == * ''[[:en:Azadirachta_excelsa|Azadirachta excelsa]]'' * [[:en:Azadirachtin|Azadirachtin]] * [[:en:Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] * [[:en:Arid_Forest_Research_Institute|Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI)]] * [[:en:Neem_cake|Neem cake]] * [[:en:Neem_oil|Neem oil]] * [[:en:Babool_(brand)|Babool (brand)]] of toothpaste * [[:en:Teeth_cleaning_twig|Teeth cleaning twig]] (datun) ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[category:tiis]] f2r21zr88n0ip67sbjw2ddkw8quosqr 14979 14978 2025-06-21T21:37:27Z Frank Awini Abugri 162 I added text 14979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q170461}} '''Sisibig''' ka sieba buon ye '''Pɔnguda''' ka bam mɛ buon ye '''na'asaasisibig''' la anɛ tiig kanɛ yi kuk tiis buudi kanɛ an' Meliaceae.<ref>"''[https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=6161 Azadirachta indica]''". ''[[:en:Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network|Germplasm Resources Information Network]]''. [[:en:Agricultural_Research_Service|Agricultural Research Service]], [[:en:United_States_Department_of_Agriculture|United States Department of Agriculture]]. Retrieved 9 June 2017.</ref> Di anɛ buudi yinnɛ kanɛ pɛ'ɛs Azadirachta buudi ni. Di kae saan India teŋin nɛ  Southeast Asia teŋ siebaa. Amaa di bɛ dunia la wʋsa ni. Ka di yin bɛɛ ban nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ  zin'isieba anɛ si'anrin bɛɛ  zin'ig kanɛ an' titʋgʋr. Ti paamɛt sisibi kpaam nɛ yiti ba diib nɛ ba biili la ni. Na'asal la buonɛ ye neem, ka li anɛ Hindu dim pia'adin ka ba paam yʋ'ʋr la.<ref>Compact Oxford English Dictionary (2013), Neem, page 679, Third Edition 2008 reprinted with corrections 2013, Oxford University Press.</ref><ref>[[:en:Henry_Yule|Henry Yule]] and [[:en:A._C._Burnell|A. C. Burnell]] (1996), [[:en:Hobson-Jobson|Hobson-Jobson]], Neem, page 622, The Anglo-Indian Dictionary, Wordsworth Reference. (This work was first published in 1886)</ref><ref>[[:en:Encarta|Encarta]] World English Dictionary (1999), Neem, page 1210, St. Martin's Press, New York.</ref> == Pa'alטg == Nasaasisibig la anɛ ti kanɛ nɔbigid tɔ'ɔtɔ hali ka o walim an mites 15 - 20 (49 - 66f t), nɛ saŋa biela nwa ni ka o walim an 35-40m (115-131ft). o sin'im la anɛ dɛn'ɛm, o vaand la baligidnɛ טטn wטsa nintantטטlig nwadig la. o willa la anɛ bɛda-bɛda ka widig di'eg zin'ig kanɛ wטsa ka o bɛ. a gɔl la ɛɛnti anɛ gbiligט ka an wilim-wilim ka o yalטŋ an 20-25m (66-82ft). o pinnate vaand la kaae alaa din wa'alim anɛ 20-40cm (8-16in), ka mɔr 20-30 vaan banɛ bɛ an sabil dɛnɛ'm la, ka o vaand walim na an 3-8cm (1+¹⁄₄–3+¹⁄₄ in) wa'alim.<ref>"[https://pfaf.org/plants/neem-azadirachta-indica/ Neem | Azadirachta indica]". ''Plants For A Future''. 8 January 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2023.</ref> Vaand la giinla saŋa bɛdigט ni di ɛɛnti kaae. Di teŋsטk dibir la anɛ giŋɔ.<ref>"[https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/eafrinet/weeds/key/weeds/Media/Html/Azadirachta_indica_(Neem).htm Factsheet - Azadirachta indica (Neem)]". ''keys.lucidcentral.org''. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</ref> Vaan piela banɛ mɔr nyuug la tuu nɛ taaba ka bɛdigט bɛɛ bi'ela axilliary panicles nwa lit teŋin ka li wa'alim tun'e paa 25cm (10in). o inflorescences la wa'alim an atan' mטm pטטgi la, mɔr puum ka li paae 250 - 300. puum yinne wa'alim anɛ 5-6 mm (³⁄₁₆–¹⁄₄ in) long ka o yalטŋ an 8–11 mm (⁵⁄₁₆–⁷⁄₁₆ in) .Protandrous, bisexual puum la nɛ puum banɛ an bטndaad la ɛɛnti bɛnɛ yinn nɔɔ zug. Di wɛla la saalimnɛ bɔl-bɔl (glabrous), nwɛnɛ olive-like drupe ka ba kɔn'ɔb-kɔn'ɔb anɛ ba yalטŋ la dinɛ an gbiligט la yɛla, ka o ya'a ti bin'ɛgi naae o wa'alim anɛ 28mm (¹⁄₂–1+¹⁄₈ in) by 10–15 mm (³⁄₈–⁵⁄₈ in). wɛla la paט la (exocarp) anɛ lɛ'ɛm-lɛ'ɛm ka o diib kanɛ pטטgin tɔi hali (endocarp) la dɔnbטטl pielig ka mɔr ginla . O bטטlim la tɛbisim anɛ 3-5mm (¹⁄₈–¹⁄₄ in). Wɛl la gטטgin waŋ kanɛ an pielii kpi'im la (endocarp) gurnɛ biilif yinne, ka saansa bi'ela anɛ ayi bɛɛ atan',biili wa'ali wɛnii (kernels) ka dinɛ giligi li la an wilim-wilim.[[File:Azadirachta-indica-2019-5-3 14-14-55-01.jpg|thumb|Pollen grains]] Margosa tiig la<ref>saikia, Curtingle (2 January 2023). "[https://prakasti.com/how-to-use-neem-uses-and-benefits/ How to Use Neem- Uses and benefits - prakasti.com]". ''Prakasti''. Retrieved 11 January 2023.</ref> nɛ nɛ'ɛŋ wɛnɛ taaba, chinaberry bɛɛ bakain, ''Melia azedarach'' ''la baŋir tɔi.'' <ref>''[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234651/ The Tree]''. National Academies Press (US). 1992.</ref> ''Melia azedarach'' mɛ mɔr van nyina ka ba wɛla mi nwɛn taaba. == Taksonami == O yט'טr kanɛ an ''Azadirachta indica'' ''la Adrien-Henri de Jussieu da sɔbi li zaŋi pa'al sɔ' wטsa bɛ yטטm tusir, kɔbis nii nɛ pistan' (1830).''<ref>"[https://www.ipni.org/n/1213180-2 ''Azadirachta indica'' A.Juss]." [[:en:International_Plant_Names_Index|''The International Plant Names Index''.]] Retrieved 26 March 2023.</ref> ''Yʋʋm'' tusir kɔbis yɔpɔi nε pisnu nε atan’ (1753), Carl Linnaeus da pa’al bʋnami ayi, ''Melia azedarach'' nε ''Melia azadirachta.''<ref name=":0">Linnaeus, C. (1753), "[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358403 Melia]", ''Species Plantarum'', vol. 1, Stockholm: Laurentius Salvius, pp. 384–385, retrieved 26 March 2023</ref> De Jussieu on da gɔs ka ''Melia azadirachta'' anε dinε bεε li kɔn’ nε ''Melia azedarach'' nε ban na nɔki digil new genus.<ref>e Jussieu, A. (1830). "[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26229796 Mémoire sur le groupe des Méliacées]". ''Mémoires du Muséum d'histoire naturelle''. '''19''': 153–304. Retrieved 26 March 2023. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26229866 p. 221.]</ref> On da pian’a bʋn sieba yεla, Linnaeus da ye li yʋ’ʋr anε  'azedarach'<ref name=":0" /> dinε yit French pian’ad yʋ’ʋrin na an 'azédarac', dinε da an Persian 'āzād dirakht' (ازادرخت), dinε pa’al 'free or noble tree<ref>"[[mwod:azedarach|azedarach]]". ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary''. Retrieved 26 March 2023.</ref> Persian tii la yʋ’ʋr la anε ''azad darakhat-e-hind'', ka di pa’al ye ‘India dim ti kanε mɔr yɔlisim’('the free tree of India'',)  ka di pa’al yee tii la mtr yɔlisim yi ban’as nε bʋnvʋya ni.''<ref>K. K. Singh, ed. (2009). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PyYRUCoIDk4C Neem A Treatise]''. I.K. International Publishing House, India. p. 3. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9788189866006|9788189866006]]</bdi>.</ref> == Pʋdʋgir == ''Sisibig yinɛ'' Assam region, Pakistan nɛ Bangladesh linɛ bɛ Indian tɛŋin paae Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand nɛ Vietnam linɛ bɛ Indochina. Li paae zin’is si’eba yinɛ South America paae Indonesia.<ref>[http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1213180-2 "''Azadirachta indica'' A.Juss"]. ''Plants of the World Online''. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2020.</ref> == Maalig zin’ig == Ba mi’ Sisibig tiig la ka li tɔ’ɔe wak. Li nyaŋidi zi’enid zin’is banɛ ka pɛbisig bɛ bɛɛ tʋʋlʋg bi’ela bɛ, zin’is banɛ ka saa niib bɛn an wan wʋʋ 400–1,200 mm (16–47 in). Li nyaŋidi duod zin’is banɛ ka saa niib bɛn mɛ pʋ paae 400 mm, amaa zin’is ban ni, asɛɛ ka kuom bɛ tɛŋ la pʋʋgin. Sisibig nɔbigidi bɛ tɛɛns kɔn’ɔbkɔn’ɔb ni, amaa li zin’ig sʋ’ʋŋa anɛ titanbin’isig zin’ig kanɛ ka kuom pʋ diginida. Li bɛnɛ zin’is banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ ka lin na nyaŋi bɛ zin’ig si’a tʋʋlig bɛn anɛ 21–32 °C (70–90 °F). Li maan sʋ’ʋŋa zin’is banɛ ka tʋʋlig bɛ ka lɛɛ kʋ nyaŋi bɛ zin’ig kanɛ ka tʋʋlig pʋ paae 5 °C (41 °F). Sisibig anɛ tiig kanɛ pʋ mɔr vaandɛ ka nɔbigidi bɛ zin’is banɛ an tʋʋlig wan wʋʋ, southern districts [[India]] nɛ [[Pakistan]] tɛnsin. Tiig nwa’ ba’a kae ye kuom pʋ zuoe bɛɛ kuom la an kuosʋŋ bɛ. India tɛŋin nɛ zin’is banɛ ka Indian nidib paae, li anɛ na’ana’a nɛ fʋ na nyɛ Sisibig tiig la suoya nɔya ni anina, Winpʋ’ʋsʋm zin’is, sakurnamin nɛ zin’is banɛ ka nidib la’asid bɛɛ nidib yampɔna. Zin’is banɛ an kpi’emis hali la, ba sɛɛt tiis la bɛdigʋ. === Mɔɔg la Zi'esim === Ba gɔs ka sisibig anɛ mɔɔg zin’ig si’eba, wan wʋʋ Middle East, li kaskas anɛ Sub-Saharan Africa tɛɛns wan wʋʋ [[West Africa]] nɛ Indian Ocean tɛɛns, nɛ zin’ig si’eba Australia tɛŋin. Li bɛilim pʋʋgin, li nɔbigidi bɛ zin’ig kanɛ an sʋ’ʋm, amaa ba nam pʋ nyaŋi vɛɛnsi li yela naae.<ref>[http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/63168/IPA-Neem-Tree-Risk-Assessment.pdf ''Plant Risk Assessment, Neem Tree,'' Azadirachta indica] (PDF). Biosecurity Queensland. 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2014.</ref> Yʋʋm tusa ayi nɛ piinɛnu, Vaala nwadig ni (April 2015), ba da nɔk sisibig ka li paas nɛ class B nɛ C mɔɔd ni bɛ Northern Territory, Australia sʋ’ʋlim, ka li pa’al ye sɛɛ ka ba gɔsi li ka li da yadig tɛŋa bɛɛ ba da mɔri li kpɛn’ɛ tɛŋ la ni na. Li da anɛ wada gɛsigir nɛ fʋn na da’, kuos, bɛɛ vɔn’ tiis la bɛɛ li biili mɔri tɔɔm tɛŋ. Linɛ yela ka ba da gban’e ye li anɛ mɔɔg la anɛ lin da bɛɛ ba kuosuoya nam ni gu’ud kuom ba tɛŋin la.<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150324041536/http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/353104/Neem-declaration_Q-and-A_page-1.pdf Neem has been declared: what you need to know]'' (PDF), Department of Land Resource Management, 2015, archived from [http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/353104/Neem-declaration_Q-and-A_page-1.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 March 2015, retrieved 17 March 2015</ref> Lin da kɛŋ Australia tɛŋin, yʋʋm tusir, nɛ kɔbiswai nɛ pisnaasi nam saŋa la (1940s), ba da sɛ sisibig yiiga bɛ nɛ Northern Territory ye li maal ma’asim tis bʋnkɔnbid. Ba da sɛɛ li maki li nɔbigir yela gɔs nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisyuobʋ nam saŋa (1960s) nɛ yʋʋm tusir, kɔbiswai nɛ pisnii saŋa (1980s) tɛnsʋk bɛ Darwin, Queensland, nɛ Western Australia, amaa Australian sisibig pɔɔg la da pʋ nyaŋi zi’enɛ. Tiig la yʋ’ʋn yadigi paae zin’ig, li kaskas anɛ kuosuoya ni ka ba la’asi bɛ zin’ig si’eba.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150324041528/http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/353108/Weed-Note-Neem-2014.pdf Neem ''Azadirachta indica''] (PDF), Department of Land Resource Management, 2015, archived from [http://lrm.nt.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/353108/Weed-Note-Neem-2014.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 March 2015, retrieved 17 March 2015</ref> == Phytochemical nam == Margosa wɛla, biili, viand, tila, nɛ pak la mᴐrnɛ phytochemicals kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb, ka kʋdʋmin dim da paami ba yi sisibi biili ni, nwɛnɛ azadirachtin dinɛ ka ba da pin’ili di bɛ yʋʋm tusir, kᴐbiswai nɛ pisyuobʋ saŋa (1960s) ka ye di anɛ bʋn-ian’ada,  banɛ gu’ud nᴐbʋgʋr nɛ tibanɛ ka ba mᴐri puusid.<ref name=":1">"[https://www.drugs.com/npp/neem.html Neem]". Drugs.com. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.</ref><ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life".] ''BBC News''.</ref> Sisibig wal kanɛ an 2 kg na an nwɛnɛ 5 g.<ref name=":1" /> Dinɛ paasi azadirachtin ka mᴐr kpinnim anɛ limonoids, biili la kpaam mᴐr glycerides, polyphenols kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb, nimbolide, triterpenes, nɛ beta-sitosterol.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"[https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/12313376 Nimbolide]". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 6 March 2021. Retrieved 10 March 2021.</ref> Kpakanɛ an dᴐnbʋʋlʋm ka mi’is la mᴐr nyuug kanɛ nwɛnɛ gabpiel ka mɛ mᴐr limonoid compounds dinɛ an 2%.<ref name=":1" /> Vaand la mᴐr quercetin, catechins, carotenes, nɛ vitamin C.<ref name=":1" /> == Tʋʋma == [[File:Neem tree farm in south india.jpg|thumb|Neem tree farm from south India]] [[File:Neem.jpg|thumb|A large tree]] [[File:Neem tree leaves.JPG|thumb|Leaves]] [[File:Bark (5059231711).jpg|thumb|Bark]] [[File:Ineem seeds .jpg|thumb|Neem seeds]] India dim ɛnti nᴐk Margosa vand kpiɛmis nniŋ cupboard nɛ yɛ li kad bʋŋiada kaba da dit fʋʋdɛ, ka lɛm niŋid container ni nɛ mʋi nɛ wheat.<ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life"]. ''BBC News''.</ref> Di pʋʋm la ka India dim mᴐrɛ maannɛ ba malima wᴐᴐ Ugadi. === Ti’nyan === La’ad bani kaba mᴐr Margosai maan la India dim mɛ mᴐr din ka li an ba ti’nyan yʋma bɛ bɛdigʋ,<ref>Anna Horsbrugh Porter (17 April 2006). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4916044.stm "Neem: India's tree of life"]. ''BBC News''.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.drugs.com/npp/neem.html "Neem"]. Drugs.com. 13 August 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.</ref> kaba mᴐrɛ tiɛbid niŋbgiŋ ba’ans nɛ giila nɛ kᴐba ba’ans,<ref>Tejesvi, M.V.; Tamhankar, S.A.; Kini, K.R; Rao, V.S.; Prakash, H.S. (2009). "Phylogenetic analysis of endophytic ''Pestalotiopsis'' species from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees". ''Fungal Diversity''. '''38''': 167–183.</ref> amaa sibiti dim pʋ nyaŋi di kasɛta ye Margosa anɛ ti’im.<ref name=":2" /> Kpɛ’ɛmnam  pʋ mᴐr zɛmisʋgᴐ, Margosa an sʋm fʋ yaa di dabisa biɛla amaa fʋ yaa dii li saŋa bɛdigʋ, li na daami fʋ siyaanini bɛɛ fʋ sᴐ’ᴐnr. Yaa anɛ biis, margosa kpaam kaɛ sʋm, ka tᴐ’ᴐn ba’as kʋm.<ref name=":2" /> Margosa tᴐ’ᴐn kɛ ka pʋa pʋ’ʋr kpa’aɛ bɛ kʋndʋ’ar bɛ sikir ba’an.<ref name=":2" /> Ya’dagᴐbʋg India tɛŋin nɛ ya’tʋᴐna tɛŋsʋg, Margosa da’ʋg la ka ba mᴐr ka li an sigiriŋ.<ref>[https://dentalmuseum.pacific.edu/different-strokes-different-folks-history-toothbrush/4/ "Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush – Page 4 – Virtual Dental Museum"]. ''dentalmuseum.pacific.edu''. Retrieved 8 July 2021.</ref> === Tʋʋmsieba === Tiig: Margosa tiig la anɛ dinɛ yɛla pak hali di anti-desertification nwaasim la zug nɛ din an sʋ’ʋm nwɛnɛ carbon dioxide sink la zug. Nidib mᴐr mᴐri di dᴐn’ᴐsid zʋʋd nwɛnɛ bugulʋmnɛ.<ref>Schroeder, Paul (1992). "Carbon storage potential of short rotation tropical tree plantations". ''Forest Ecology and Management''. '''50''' (1–2): 31–41. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ForEM..50...31S 1992ForEM..50...31S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/0378-1127(92)90312-W|10.1016/0378-1127(92)90312-W.]]</ref><ref>Puhan, Sukumar, et al. "Mahua (Madhuca indica) seed oil: a source of renewable energy in India." (2005). </ref> Bugulʋm: ba mᴐr sisibig paasidi maan bugulʋm (urea) ka di mᴐr zɛɛnsim tis zʋʋd la.<ref>Heinrich W. Scherer; Konrad Mengel; Heinrich Dittmar; Manfred Drach; Ralf Vosskamp; Martin E. Trenkel; Reinhold Gutser; Günter Steffens; Vilmos Czikkely; Titus Niedermaier; Reinhardt Hähndel; Hans Prün; Karl-Heinz Ullrich; Hermann Mühlfeld; Wilfried Werner; Günter Kluge; Friedrich Kuhlmann; Hugo Steinhauser; Walter Brändlein; Karl-Friedrich Kummer (2007), "Fertilizers", ''Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'' (7th ed.), Wiley, [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub2|10.1002/14356007.a10_323.pub2]], ISBN 978-3527306732</ref> Bʋnkᴐnbid diib: margosa viand anɛ dinɛ ka ba mᴐri ka di an yaama tis bʋnkᴐnbid nɛ su’umis.<ref>Heuzé V., Tran G., Archimède H., Bastianelli D., Lebas F., 2015. )[https://www.feedipedia.org/node/182 Neem (Azadirachta indica]. ''Feedipedia'', a programme by Institut national de la recherche agronomique, [[:en:CIRAD|CIRAD]], AFZ and [[:en:FAO|FAO]]. Last updated on 2 October 2015</ref> sigiriŋ: margosa anɛ dinɛ ka sᴐ’ wʋsa mi’ ye di anɛ sigiriŋ ka ba ᴐnbidi sᴐndigid nyina.<ref>[https://dentalmuseum.pacific.edu/different-strokes-different-folks-history-toothbrush/4/ "Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush – Page 4 – Virtual Dental Museum".] ''dentalmuseum.pacific.edu''. Retrieved 8 July 2021.</ref> === zɛɛnsim === American Journal of Neuroradiology pa’al ye, margosa kpaam na nyaŋi maal zɛɛnsim nwɛnɛ encephalopathy nɛ ophthalmopathy sᴐ’ ya’a dii li bɛdigʋ gaad 150ml (5.07 us fluid ounces).<ref>M.V. Bhaskara; S.J. Pramoda; M.U. Jeevikaa; P.K. Chandana; G. Shetteppa (6 May 2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7965469 "Letters: MR Imaging Findings of Neem Oil Poisoning"]. ''American Journal of Neuroradiology''. '''31''' (7): E60 – E61. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2146|10.3174/ajnr.A2146]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7965469 7965469]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20448012 20448012].</ref> == Genome and transcriptomes == Margosa genome nɛ transcriptomes banɛ yi lʋga kᴐn’ᴐb-kᴐn’ᴐb la anɛ dinɛ tuun dᴐl taaba.<ref>Krishnan, N; Swetansu Pattnaik; S. A. Deepak; et al. (25 December 2011). [http://www.currentscience.ac.in/Volumes/101/12/1553.pdf "De novo sequencing and assembly of ''Azadirachta indica'' fruit transcriptome" (]PDF). [[:en:Current_Science|''Current Science''.]] '''101''' (12): 1553–1561.</ref><ref>Krishnan, N; Swetansu Pattnaik; Prachi Jain; et al. (9 September 2012)[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507787 . "A Draft of the Genome and Four Transcriptomes of a Medicinal and Pesticidal Angiosperm ''Azadirachta indica''".] [[:en:BMC_Genomics|''BMC Genomics''.]] '''13''' (464): 464. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-464|10.1186/1471-2164-13-464]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3507787 3507787]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22958331 22958331].</ref><ref>Krishnan, N; Prachi Jain; Prachi Jain; Arun K Hariharan; Binay Panda (20 April 2016). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938638 "An Improved Genome Assembly of ''Azadirachta indica'' A. Juss"]. ''[[:en:G3:_Genes,_Genomes,_Genetics|G3]]''. '''6''' (7): 1835–1840. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1534/g3.116.030056|10.1534/g3.116.030056]]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4938638 4938638]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27172223 27172223].</ref> Expressed sequence tags anɛ dinɛ ka ba nyɛ ka di dᴐl generation of subtractive hybridization libraries dinɛ bɛ margosa wala bʋʋlʋm, vaand, wala pa’ad nam.<ref>Narnoliya, Lokesh K.; Rajakani, Raja; Sangwan, Neelam S.; Gupta, Vikrant; Sangwan, Rajender S. (2014). "Comparative transcripts profiling of fruit mesocarp and endocarp relevant to secondary metabolism by suppression subtractive hybridization in ''Azadirachta indica'' (neem)". ''Molecular Biology Reports''. '''41''' (5): 3147–3162. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s11033-014-3174-x|10.1007/s11033-014-3174-x]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24477588 24477588]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:16605633 16605633].</ref><ref>Rajakani, Raja; Narnoliya, Lokesh; Sangwan, Neelam S.; Sangwan, Rajender S.; Gupta, Vikrant (2014). "Subtractive transcriptomes of fruit and leaf reveal differential representation of transcripts in ''Azadirachta indica''". ''Tree Genetics & Genomes''. '''10''' (5): 1331–1351. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s11295-014-0764-7|10.1007/s11295-014-0764-7]]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] 11857916.</ref> ==O Sʋm Buudi Ni== [[File:Tree in Sant Nenuram ashram.jpg|thumb|Neem tree at [[Sant Nenuram Ashram]], Pakistan]] Nimai yט'טr la (di yinne neem tree), == Footonam == <gallery> File:Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Hyderabad W IMG 7006.jpg|Flowers File:Unripe Neem fruits.jpg|Unripe fruit File:Neem-Tree.jpg|Neem tree in a banana farm in India File:Ineem farm in virudhunagar.jpg|Neem tree farm File:Neem Twig sellers.JPG|Twigs for sale File:Ineem Fruit Drying process for cold pressed extraction.jpg|Fruit drying for oil extraction File:Jagnath Ineem Toothstick in tamilnadu.jpg|Cleaning teeth by chewing stick File:Hareli Festival.jpg|Native of Chhattisgarh with Neem branches and leaves for Hareli Festival File:Azadirachta indica 0001.jpg|A tree in [[Gambia]] File:Neem tree.JPG|A tree in Bangladesh File:Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Hyderabad W IMG 6976.jpg|Leaves and flowers </gallery> == Gɔsim ya'as == * ''[[:en:Azadirachta_excelsa|Azadirachta excelsa]]'' * [[:en:Azadirachtin|Azadirachtin]] * [[:en:Ayurveda|Ayurveda]] * [[:en:Arid_Forest_Research_Institute|Arid Forest Research Institute (AFRI)]] * [[:en:Neem_cake|Neem cake]] * [[:en:Neem_oil|Neem oil]] * [[:en:Babool_(brand)|Babool (brand)]] of toothpaste * [[:en:Teeth_cleaning_twig|Teeth cleaning twig]] (datun) ==Gbanvɛɛnsa== [[category:tiis]] tmsm8v2vq0ulah28b49rbinm5yyps3w 0 1968 14966 2025-06-21T13:39:14Z Agurwin Isaac 48 I created an article 14966 wikitext text/x-wiki Tomato ka ba buon ye ntoos, tamantoos, kamantoos la anɛ rnepjpocz1tzk73z62uzebgknu0v44c 0 1969 14967 2025-06-21T13:46:37Z Agurwin Isaac 48 I created an article 14967 wikitext text/x-wiki Zaŋgbeduan ka sieba buon ye na'asaaduan, Wina'am tiig la anɛ 112mmp6m3ijr94f99jfq75u77421zej 0 1970 14968 2025-06-21T13:49:54Z Agurwin Isaac 48 I created an article 14968 wikitext text/x-wiki Kookoo anɛ d6sqf8ez848jjry7uq7ncmuwmx37pgu 0 1971 14969 2025-06-21T13:52:54Z Agurwin Isaac 48 I created an article 14969 wikitext text/x-wiki Duan anɛ tiikanɛ rs6yl23yfel4ljgznyf1xj08lne8fws 0 1972 14974 2025-06-21T18:55:36Z Ayamba Jonas 251 Created an article 14974 wikitext text/x-wiki Africa tɛɛns ganl bɛn nanna, di tʋnnɛ taab ka di dɔlnɛ ba nidib ganl bɛn, ka lɛm tʋn taab ka di dɔlnɛ. Africa anɛ kontinet kani nɔbigid tɔn'ɔtɔn dunia nwa ni, ka nanna di nɔbigid la anɛ wʋʋ 2.35% yʋʋm pʋʋgʋn dinɛ nɔk yʋʋm 2021 la ni. Africa mɛn an kontinet kani ka nidib la bɛdigʋ an bani an dasam nɛ pʋ'asada, ka di anɛ 60 kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn. African dim bɛdigʋ anɛ yʋʋma 24 bɛɛ pʋ paae alaa. Ganl kaŋa la'am pɛ'ɛs French department Réunion, nɛ Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, dinɛ ba buon ye Western Sahara, dinɛ ka ba pɛ'ɛs African Union la ni. Table Country % Africa Population[1] % growth Official figure Official date 1 Nigeria 15.4% 227,882,945 2.12% 216,783,400 21 Mar 2022[5] 2 Ethiopia 8.7% 128,691,692 2.64% 107,334,000 1 Jul 2023[6] 3 Egypt 7.7% 114,535,772 1.70% 102,060,688 1 Jul 2021[7] [a] 4 DR Congo 7.1% 105,789,731 3.31% 95,370,000 1 Jul 2019[8] 5 Tanzania 4.5% 66,617,606 2.95% 61,741,120 23 Aug 2022[9] 6 South Africa 4.3% 63,212,384 1.34% 59,604,992 1 Jul 2022[10] 7 Kenya 3.7% 55,339,003 2.00% 51,526,000 1 Jan 2023[11] 8 Sudan 3.4% 50,042,791 1.34% 41,984,500 1 Jul 2018[12] 9 Uganda 3.3% 48,656,601 2.84% 41,583,600 1 Jul 2020[13] 10 Algeria 3.1% 46,164,219 1.51% 44,700,000 1 Jan 2021[14] 11 Morocco 2.5% 37,712,505 1.03% 37,438,314 9 Sep 2024[15] 12 Angola 2.5% 36,749,906 3.13% 35,121,734 1 Jul 2024[16] 13 Ghana 2.3% 33,787,914 1.93% 30,832,019 27 Jun 2021[17] 14 Mozambique 2.3% 33,635,160 3.00% 33,244,414 1 Mar 2024[18] 15 Madagascar 2.1% 31,195,932 2.49% 27,190,927 1 Jun 2020[19] 16 Ivory Coast 2.1% 31,165,654 2.54% 29,389,150 14 Dec 2021[20] 17 Cameroon 1.9% 28,372,687 2.68% 24,348,251 Jul 1 2019[21] 18 Niger 1.9% 26,159,867 3.35% 23,196,000 1 Jul 2020[22] 19 Mali 1.8% 23,769,127 3.02% 14,528,662 4 May 2024[23] 20 Burkina Faso 1.6% 23,025,776 2.30% 20,505,155 16 Nov 2019[24] 21 Malawi 1.4% 21,104,482 2.60% 19,809,511 3 Sep 2023[25] 22 Zambia 1.4% 20,723,965 2.83% 19,610,769 14 Sep 2022[26] 23 Chad 1.3% 19,319,064 4.68% 15,775,400 1 Jul 2019[27] 24 Somalia 1.2% 18,358,615 3.13% 12,316,895 4 May 2024[28] [b] 25 Senegal 1.2% 18,077,573 2.42% 18,275,743 1 Jul 2023[31] 26 Zimbabwe 1.1% 16,340,822 1.69% 15,178,979 20 Apr 2022[32] 27 Guinea 1.0% 14,405,465 2.49% 13,261,638 Jul 1 2022[33] 28 Benin 1.0% 14,111,034 2.55% 12,606,998 1 Jul 2023[34] 29 Rwanda 1.0% 13,954,471 2.22% 13,246,394 15 Aug 2022[35] 30 Burundi 0.9% 13,689,450 2.77% 13,097,400 1 Jul 2023[36] 31 Tunisia 0.9% 12,200,431 0.67% 11,803,588 1 Jan 2022[37] 32 South Sudan 0.8% 11,483,374 4.19% 13,249,924 1 Jul 2020[38] 33 Togo 0.6% 9,304,337 2.36% 8,095,498 8 Nov 2022[39] 34 Sierra Leone 0.6% 8,460,512 2.22% 7,541,641 9 Dec 2021[40] 35 Libya 0.5% 7,305,659 1.13% 6,931,061 1 Jan 2020[41] 36 Republic of the Congo 0.4% 6,182,885 2.45% 3,697,490 4 May 2024[42] 37 Liberia 0.4% 5,493,031 2.23% 4,844,381 1 Jul 2023[43] 38 Central African Republic 0.4% 5,152,421 1.07% 6,091,097 1 Mar 2021[44] 39 Mauritania 0.3% 5,022,441 3.01% 4,352,037 1 Jul 2022[45] 40 Eritrea 0.3% 3,470,390 1.79% 3,815,900 1 Jul 2012[46] 41 Namibia 0.2% 2,963,095 2.54% 2,641,857 1 Jul 2023[47] 42 Gambia 0.2% 2,697,845 2.33% 2,417,471 1 Jul 2022[48] 43 Gabon 0.2% 2,484,789 2.22% 2,349,099 1 Jul 2023[49] 44 Botswana 0.2% 2,480,244 1.65% 2,346,179 18 Mar 2022[50] 45 Lesotho 0.2% 2,311,472 1.11% 2,103,600 1 Jul 2023[51] 46 Guinea-Bissau 0.1% 2,153,339 2.27% 1,781,308 1 Jul 2023[52] 47 Equatorial Guinea 0.1% 1,847,549 2.44% 1,558,160 1 Jul 2022[53] 48 Mauritius 0.1% 1,273,588 -0.20% 1,261,196 31 Dec 2022[54] 49 Eswatini 0.1% 1,230,506 0.95% 1,223,362 1 Jul 2023[55] 50 Djibouti 0.1% 1,152,944 1.39% 1,001,454 1 Jul 2021[56] - Réunion 0.1% 896,175 896,175 10 Jan 2024 51 Comoros 0.1% 850,387 1.94% 758,316 15 Dec 2017[57] - Western Sahara 0.04% 579,729 1.93% 579,000 1 Jul 2020[58] [c] 52 Cape Verde 0.04% 522,331 0.50% 483,628 16 Jun 2021[61] 53 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.02% 230,871 2.02% 210,200 13 May 2020[62] 54 Seychelles 0.01% 127,951 1.94% 100,447 22 Apr 2022[63] Total 100% 1,480,770,525 2.34% 1,332,291,870 l7vb5a6lle0en9nu62xawbu63dj6pv9 14975 14974 2025-06-21T19:03:04Z Ayamba Jonas 251 I added a section 14975 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Africa''' tɛɛns ganl bɛn nanna, di tʋnnɛ taab ka di dɔlnɛ ba nidib ganl bɛn, ka lɛm tʋn taab ka di dɔlnɛ. Africa anɛ kontinet kani nɔbigid tɔn'ɔtɔn dunia nwa ni, ka nanna di nɔbigid la anɛ wʋʋ 2.35% yʋʋm pʋʋgʋn dinɛ nɔk yʋʋm 2021 la ni. Africa mɛn an kontinet kani ka nidib la bɛdigʋ an bani an dasam nɛ pʋ'asada, ka di anɛ 60 kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn. African dim bɛdigʋ anɛ yʋʋma 24 bɛɛ pʋ paae alaa. Ganl kaŋa la'am pɛ'ɛs French department Réunion, nɛ Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, dinɛ ba buon ye [[Western Sahara]], dinɛ ka ba pɛ'ɛs African Union la ni. == Table == {| class="wikitable sortable" |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! !Country !% Africa !Population !% growth !Official figure !Official date ! |- |1 | align="left" | Nigeria |15.4% |227,882,945 |2.12% |216,783,400 |21 Mar 2022 | |- |2 | align="left" | Ethiopia |8.7% |128,691,692 |2.64% |107,334,000 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |3 | align="left" | Egypt |7.7% |114,535,772 |1.70% |102,060,688 |1 Jul 2021 | |- |4 | align="left" | DR Congo |7.1% |105,789,731 |3.31% |95,370,000 |1 Jul 2019 | |- |5 | align="left" | Tanzania |4.5% |66,617,606 |2.95% |61,741,120 |23 Aug 2022 | |- |6 | align="left" | South Africa |4.3% |63,212,384 |1.34% |59,604,992 |1 Jul 2022 | |- |7 | align="left" | Kenya |3.7% |55,339,003 |2.00% |51,526,000 |1 Jan 2023 | |- |8 | align="left" | Sudan |3.4% |50,042,791 |1.34% |41,984,500 |1 Jul 2018 | |- |9 | align="left" | Uganda |3.3% |48,656,601 |2.84% |41,583,600 |1 Jul 2020 | |- |10 | align="left" | Algeria |3.1% |46,164,219 |1.51% |44,700,000 |1 Jan 2021 | |- |11 | align="left" | Morocco |2.5% |37,712,505 |1.03% |37,438,314 |9 Sep 2024 | |- |12 | align="left" | Angola |2.5% |36,749,906 |3.13% |35,121,734 |1 Jul 2024 | |- |13 | align="left" | Ghana |2.3% |33,787,914 |1.93% |30,832,019 |27 Jun 2021 | |- |14 | align="left" | Mozambique |2.3% |33,635,160 |3.00% |33,244,414 |1 Mar 2024 | |- |15 | align="left" | Madagascar |2.1% |31,195,932 |2.49% |27,190,927 |1 Jun 2020 | |- |16 | align="left" | Ivory Coast |2.1% |31,165,654 |2.54% |29,389,150 |14 Dec 2021 | |- |17 | align="left" | Cameroon |1.9% |28,372,687 |2.68% |24,348,251 |Jul 1 2019 | |- |18 | align="left" | Niger |1.9% |26,159,867 |3.35% |23,196,000 |1 Jul 2020 | |- |19 | align="left" | Mali |1.8% |23,769,127 |3.02% |14,528,662 |4 May 2024 | |- |20 | align="left" | Burkina Faso |1.6% |23,025,776 |2.30% |20,505,155 |16 Nov 2019 | |- |21 | align="left" | Malawi |1.4% |21,104,482 |2.60% |19,809,511 |3 Sep 2023 | |- |22 | align="left" | Zambia |1.4% |20,723,965 |2.83% |19,610,769 |14 Sep 2022 | |- |23 | align="left" | Chad |1.3% |19,319,064 |4.68% |15,775,400 |1 Jul 2019 | |- |24 | align="left" | Somalia |1.2% |18,358,615 |3.13% |12,316,895 |4 May 2024 | |- |25 | align="left" | Senegal |1.2% |18,077,573 |2.42% |18,275,743 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |26 | align="left" | Zimbabwe |1.1% |16,340,822 |1.69% |15,178,979 |20 Apr 2022 | |- |27 | align="left" | Guinea |1.0% |14,405,465 |2.49% |13,261,638 |Jul 1 2022 | |- |28 | align="left" | Benin |1.0% |14,111,034 |2.55% |12,606,998 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |29 | align="left" | Rwanda |1.0% |13,954,471 |2.22% |13,246,394 |15 Aug 2022 | |- |30 | align="left" | Burundi |0.9% |13,689,450 |2.77% |13,097,400 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |31 | align="left" | Tunisia |0.9% |12,200,431 |0.67% |11,803,588 |1 Jan 2022 | |- |32 | align="left" | South Sudan |0.8% |11,483,374 |4.19% |13,249,924 |1 Jul 2020 | |- |33 | align="left" | Togo |0.6% |9,304,337 |2.36% |8,095,498 |8 Nov 2022 | |- |34 | align="left" | Sierra Leone |0.6% |8,460,512 |2.22% |7,541,641 |9 Dec 2021 | |- |35 | align="left" | Libya |0.5% |7,305,659 |1.13% |6,931,061 |1 Jan 2020 | |- |36 | align="left" | Republic of the Congo |0.4% |6,182,885 |2.45% |3,697,490 |4 May 2024 | |- |37 | align="left" | Liberia |0.4% |5,493,031 |2.23% |4,844,381 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |38 | align="left" | Central African Republic |0.4% |5,152,421 |1.07% |6,091,097 |1 Mar 2021 | |- |39 | align="left" | Mauritania |0.3% |5,022,441 |3.01% |4,352,037 |1 Jul 2022 | |- |40 | align="left" | Eritrea |0.3% |3,470,390 |1.79% |3,815,900 |1 Jul 2012 | |- |41 | align="left" | Namibia |0.2% |2,963,095 |2.54% |2,641,857 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |42 | align="left" | Gambia |0.2% |2,697,845 |2.33% |2,417,471 |1 Jul 2022 | |- |43 | align="left" | Gabon |0.2% |2,484,789 |2.22% |2,349,099 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |44 | align="left" | Botswana |0.2% |2,480,244 |1.65% |2,346,179 |18 Mar 2022 | |- |45 | align="left" | Lesotho |0.2% |2,311,472 |1.11% |2,103,600 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |46 | align="left" | Guinea-Bissau |0.1% |2,153,339 |2.27% |1,781,308 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |47 | align="left" | Equatorial Guinea |0.1% |1,847,549 |2.44% |1,558,160 |1 Jul 2022 | |- |48 | align="left" | Mauritius |0.1% |1,273,588 | -0.20% |1,261,196 |31 Dec 2022 | |- |49 | align="left" | Eswatini |0.1% |1,230,506 |0.95% |1,223,362 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |50 | align="left" | Djibouti |0.1% |1,152,944 |1.39% |1,001,454 |1 Jul 2021 | |- | - | align="left" | Réunion |0.1% |896,175 | |896,175 |10 Jan 2024 | |- |51 | align="left" | Comoros |0.1% |850,387 |1.94% |758,316 |15 Dec 2017 | |- | - | align="left" | Western Sahara |0.04% |579,729 |1.93% |579,000 |1 Jul 2020 | |- |52 | align="left" | Cape Verde |0.04% |522,331 |0.50% |483,628 |16 Jun 2021 | |- |53 | align="left" | São Tomé and Príncipe |0.02% |230,871 |2.02% |210,200 |13 May 2020 | |- |54 | align="left" | Seychelles |0.01% |127,951 |1.94% |100,447 |22 Apr 2022 | |- | | align="left" |'''Total''' |'''100%''' |'''1,480,770,525''' |'''2.34%''' |'''1,332,291,870''' | | |} == Gbanvɛɛnsa == 5uthjszbzapwefddd55zpvisomkyfys 14976 14975 2025-06-21T19:08:56Z Ayamba Jonas 251 I added a data box 14976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q153211}} '''Africa''' tɛɛns ganl bɛn nanna, di tʋnnɛ taab ka di dɔlnɛ ba nidib ganl bɛn, ka lɛm tʋn taab ka di dɔlnɛ. Africa anɛ kontinet kani nɔbigid tɔn'ɔtɔn dunia nwa ni, ka nanna di nɔbigid la anɛ wʋʋ 2.35% yʋʋm pʋʋgʋn dinɛ nɔk yʋʋm 2021 la ni. Africa mɛn an kontinet kani ka nidib la bɛdigʋ an bani an dasam nɛ pʋ'asada, ka di anɛ 60 kɔbʋga pʋʋgʋn. African dim bɛdigʋ anɛ yʋʋma 24 bɛɛ pʋ paae alaa. Ganl kaŋa la'am pɛ'ɛs French department Réunion, nɛ Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, dinɛ ba buon ye [[Western Sahara]], dinɛ ka ba pɛ'ɛs African Union la ni. == Table == {| class="wikitable sortable" |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! !Country !% Africa !Population !% growth !Official figure !Official date ! |- |1 | align="left" | Nigeria |15.4% |227,882,945 |2.12% |216,783,400 |21 Mar 2022 | |- |2 | align="left" | Ethiopia |8.7% |128,691,692 |2.64% |107,334,000 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |3 | align="left" | Egypt |7.7% |114,535,772 |1.70% |102,060,688 |1 Jul 2021 | |- |4 | align="left" | DR Congo |7.1% |105,789,731 |3.31% |95,370,000 |1 Jul 2019 | |- |5 | align="left" | Tanzania |4.5% |66,617,606 |2.95% |61,741,120 |23 Aug 2022 | |- |6 | align="left" | South Africa |4.3% |63,212,384 |1.34% |59,604,992 |1 Jul 2022 | |- |7 | align="left" | Kenya |3.7% |55,339,003 |2.00% |51,526,000 |1 Jan 2023 | |- |8 | align="left" | Sudan |3.4% |50,042,791 |1.34% |41,984,500 |1 Jul 2018 | |- |9 | align="left" | Uganda |3.3% |48,656,601 |2.84% |41,583,600 |1 Jul 2020 | |- |10 | align="left" | Algeria |3.1% |46,164,219 |1.51% |44,700,000 |1 Jan 2021 | |- |11 | align="left" | Morocco |2.5% |37,712,505 |1.03% |37,438,314 |9 Sep 2024 | |- |12 | align="left" | Angola |2.5% |36,749,906 |3.13% |35,121,734 |1 Jul 2024 | |- |13 | align="left" | Ghana |2.3% |33,787,914 |1.93% |30,832,019 |27 Jun 2021 | |- |14 | align="left" | Mozambique |2.3% |33,635,160 |3.00% |33,244,414 |1 Mar 2024 | |- |15 | align="left" | Madagascar |2.1% |31,195,932 |2.49% |27,190,927 |1 Jun 2020 | |- |16 | align="left" | Ivory Coast |2.1% |31,165,654 |2.54% |29,389,150 |14 Dec 2021 | |- |17 | align="left" | Cameroon |1.9% |28,372,687 |2.68% |24,348,251 |Jul 1 2019 | |- |18 | align="left" | Niger |1.9% |26,159,867 |3.35% |23,196,000 |1 Jul 2020 | |- |19 | align="left" | Mali |1.8% |23,769,127 |3.02% |14,528,662 |4 May 2024 | |- |20 | align="left" | Burkina Faso |1.6% |23,025,776 |2.30% |20,505,155 |16 Nov 2019 | |- |21 | align="left" | Malawi |1.4% |21,104,482 |2.60% |19,809,511 |3 Sep 2023 | |- |22 | align="left" | Zambia |1.4% |20,723,965 |2.83% |19,610,769 |14 Sep 2022 | |- |23 | align="left" | Chad |1.3% |19,319,064 |4.68% |15,775,400 |1 Jul 2019 | |- |24 | align="left" | Somalia |1.2% |18,358,615 |3.13% |12,316,895 |4 May 2024 | |- |25 | align="left" | Senegal |1.2% |18,077,573 |2.42% |18,275,743 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |26 | align="left" | Zimbabwe |1.1% |16,340,822 |1.69% |15,178,979 |20 Apr 2022 | |- |27 | align="left" | Guinea |1.0% |14,405,465 |2.49% |13,261,638 |Jul 1 2022 | |- |28 | align="left" | Benin |1.0% |14,111,034 |2.55% |12,606,998 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |29 | align="left" | Rwanda |1.0% |13,954,471 |2.22% |13,246,394 |15 Aug 2022 | |- |30 | align="left" | Burundi |0.9% |13,689,450 |2.77% |13,097,400 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |31 | align="left" | Tunisia |0.9% |12,200,431 |0.67% |11,803,588 |1 Jan 2022 | |- |32 | align="left" | South Sudan |0.8% |11,483,374 |4.19% |13,249,924 |1 Jul 2020 | |- |33 | align="left" | Togo |0.6% |9,304,337 |2.36% |8,095,498 |8 Nov 2022 | |- |34 | align="left" | Sierra Leone |0.6% |8,460,512 |2.22% |7,541,641 |9 Dec 2021 | |- |35 | align="left" | Libya |0.5% |7,305,659 |1.13% |6,931,061 |1 Jan 2020 | |- |36 | align="left" | Republic of the Congo |0.4% |6,182,885 |2.45% |3,697,490 |4 May 2024 | |- |37 | align="left" | Liberia |0.4% |5,493,031 |2.23% |4,844,381 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |38 | align="left" | Central African Republic |0.4% |5,152,421 |1.07% |6,091,097 |1 Mar 2021 | |- |39 | align="left" | Mauritania |0.3% |5,022,441 |3.01% |4,352,037 |1 Jul 2022 | |- |40 | align="left" | Eritrea |0.3% |3,470,390 |1.79% |3,815,900 |1 Jul 2012 | |- |41 | align="left" | Namibia |0.2% |2,963,095 |2.54% |2,641,857 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |42 | align="left" | Gambia |0.2% |2,697,845 |2.33% |2,417,471 |1 Jul 2022 | |- |43 | align="left" | Gabon |0.2% |2,484,789 |2.22% |2,349,099 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |44 | align="left" | Botswana |0.2% |2,480,244 |1.65% |2,346,179 |18 Mar 2022 | |- |45 | align="left" | Lesotho |0.2% |2,311,472 |1.11% |2,103,600 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |46 | align="left" | Guinea-Bissau |0.1% |2,153,339 |2.27% |1,781,308 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |47 | align="left" | Equatorial Guinea |0.1% |1,847,549 |2.44% |1,558,160 |1 Jul 2022 | |- |48 | align="left" | Mauritius |0.1% |1,273,588 | -0.20% |1,261,196 |31 Dec 2022 | |- |49 | align="left" | Eswatini |0.1% |1,230,506 |0.95% |1,223,362 |1 Jul 2023 | |- |50 | align="left" | Djibouti |0.1% |1,152,944 |1.39% |1,001,454 |1 Jul 2021 | |- | - | align="left" | Réunion |0.1% |896,175 | |896,175 |10 Jan 2024 | |- |51 | align="left" | Comoros |0.1% |850,387 |1.94% |758,316 |15 Dec 2017 | |- | - | align="left" | Western Sahara |0.04% |579,729 |1.93% |579,000 |1 Jul 2020 | |- |52 | align="left" | Cape Verde |0.04% |522,331 |0.50% |483,628 |16 Jun 2021 | |- |53 | align="left" | São Tomé and Príncipe |0.02% |230,871 |2.02% |210,200 |13 May 2020 | |- |54 | align="left" | Seychelles |0.01% |127,951 |1.94% |100,447 |22 Apr 2022 | |- | | align="left" |'''Total''' |'''100%''' |'''1,480,770,525''' |'''2.34%''' |'''1,332,291,870''' | | |} == Gbanvɛɛnsa == tq3xiampswe1i3bh47ykau6kn51ykqh