Wikipedia kvwiki https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%88%D3%A7%D1%80_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.21 first-letter Медиа Отсасян Сёрнитанiн Пырысь Пырыськӧд сёрнитанiн Википедия Википедия донъялӧм Файл Файл донъялӧм МедиаВики МедиаВики донъялӧм Шаблон Шаблон донъялӧм Справка Обсуждение справки Категория Обсуждение категории TimedText TimedText talk Модуль Обсуждение модуля Event Event talk 4 1958 148825 147956 2026-04-01T04:42:55Z MediaWiki message delivery 5709 /* Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! */ выль тема 148825 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Box|1=<center><div style="font-size:1.2em;">'''NOTE TO NON-KOMI READERS: PLEASE DO NOT ADD CONTENT TO THIS WIKIPEDIA, EXCEPT IF IT IS IN KOMI!'''</div>If you have any questions or suggestions, you can place them on this page.</center>}} * '''kv:''' * '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection. {{Архив|2012 воӧдз|2012 — 2015 вояс|2016 — 2021 вояс|2022 — 2025 вояс}} == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 тӧвшӧр 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Википедия:Портал сообщества]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Сообщение отправил Участник:ZI Jony@metawiki, используя список на странице https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Пырысь:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Пырыськӧд сёрнитанiн:MediaWiki message delivery|сёрнитанін]]) 13:21, 18 тӧвшӧр 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Википедия:Портал сообщества]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Сообщение отправил Участник:Tiven2240@metawiki, используя список на странице https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="ru" dir="ltr">Ежегодный пересмотр Универсального кодекса поведения и Руководства по правоприменению</span> == <div lang="ru" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Пишу вам, чтобы сообщить о начале ежегодного пересмотра Универсального кодекса поведения (Universal Code of Conduct) и Руководства по его применению. Вы можете вносить предложения по изменениям до 9 февраля 2026 года. Это первый из нескольких этапов ежегодного пересмотра. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Дополнительную информацию и возможность присоединиться к обсуждению можно найти на странице UCoC в Мета-вики]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Координационный комитет по Универсальному кодексу поведения]] (U4C) — это глобальная группа, деятельность которой направлена на обеспечение справедливого и последовательного применения Универсального кодекса поведения. Эта процедура ежегодного пересмотра была спланирована и реализована U4C. Получить дополнительную информацию и узнать об обязанностях U4C можно, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|ознакомившись с Уставом U4C]]. Пожалуйста, поделитесь этой информацией с другими участниками вашего сообщества там, где это уместно. — В сотрудничестве с U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|Обсуждение]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 тӧвшӧр 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Википедия:Портал сообщества]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Сообщение отправил Участник:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki, используя список на странице https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Википедия:Портал сообщества]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Сообщение отправил Участник:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki, используя список на странице https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> 5vv1zyg76hwbkizeilhstmgfqo6ns15 0 3366 148816 109233 2026-03-31T12:43:44Z Phyrexian 3478 Файл 148816 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Файл:Permian Animal Style - Horsemen.jpg|thumb|Перым пемӧс стиль]] '''Перым пемӧс стиль''' тайӧ стиль Коми мифологияын. {{Stub}} [[Категория:Коми мифология]] mijijc85cecd8x1ant9wrmbdv1s88kr 828 22874 148819 148750 2026-04-01T03:28:11Z FonzuHarp 16623 148819 Scribunto text/plain local data = { sounds = {}, diacritics = {}, univPatterns = { { pat = "g", -- Latin Small Letter G rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G }, { pat = "ᵍ", -- Modifier Letter Small G rep = "ᶢ" -- Modifier Letter Small Script G }, { pat = "l̴", -- 'l' + Combining Tilde Overlay rep = "ɫ" -- Latin Small Letter L with Middle Tilde }, { pat = "ˁ", -- Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop rep = "ˤ" -- Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop }, { pat = "’", -- Right Single Quotation Mark rep = "ʼ" -- Modifier Letter Apostrophe }, { pat = "ı", -- Latin Small Letter Dotless I rep = "i" -- Latin Small Letter I }, { pat = "ȷ", -- Latin Small Letter Dotless J rep = "j" -- Latin Small Letter J }, { pat = "ʇ", -- Latin Small Letter Turned T rep = "ǀ" -- Latin Letter Dental Click }, { pat = "[!ʗ]", -- Exclamation Mark / Latin Letter Stretched C rep = "ǃ" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click }, { pat = "𝼋", -- rep = "ǂ" -- }, { pat = "ψ", -- Greek Letter Psi rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook }, { pat = "‼", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2 rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook }, { pat = "‼", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2 rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook }, { pat = "ʖ", -- Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop rep = "ǁ" -- Latin Letter Lateral Click }, { pat = "ɋ", -- rep = "ʘ" -- }, { pat = "ꞵ", -- Latin Small Letter Beta rep = "β" -- Greek Small Letter Beta }, { pat = "γ", -- Greek Small Letter Gamma rep = "ɣ" -- Latin Small Letter Gamma }, { pat = "φ", -- Greek Small Letter Phi rep = "ɸ" -- Latin Small Letter Phi }, { pat = "ꭓ", -- Latin Small Letter Chi rep = "χ" -- Greek Small Letter Chi }, }, keyPatterns = { -- These do not affect the revese look for diacritics { pat = "[͜͡ːˑ◌]", -- Tie bars, length marks, dotted circle rep = "" }, { pat = "ᵏ", -- Modifier Letter Small K rep = "k" -- Latin Small Letter K }, { pat = "ᶢ", -- Modifier Letter Small Script G rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G }, { pat = "ᵑ", -- Modifier Letter Small Eng rep = "ŋ" -- Latin Small Letter Eng }, } } local rawData = { sounds = { -- PULMONIC CONSONANTS -- Nasals { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг двугубнӧй нос", symbols = { "m̥" }, audio = "Voiceless Bilabial Nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй нос", symbols = { "m" }, audio = "Bilabial nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental nasal", symbols = { "ɱ̊", "ɱ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental nasal", symbols = { "ɱ" }, audio = "Labiodental nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиоальвеолярнӧй нос", symbols = { "m͇" }, audio = "Voiced labioalveolar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial nasal", symbols = { "m̼̊" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial nasal", symbols = { "m̼" }, audio = "Linguolabial nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental nasal", symbols = { "n̪̊" } }, { name = "Voiced dental nasal", symbols = { "n̪" }, audio = "Voiced Dental Nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг альвеолярнӧй нос", symbols = { "n̥" }, audio = "Voiceless Alveolar Nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй нос", symbols = { "n" }, audio = "Alveolar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar nasal", symbols = { "n̠̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar nasal", symbols = { "n̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex nasal", symbols = { "ɳ̊", "ɳ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex nasal.wav" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex nasal", symbols = { "ɳ" }, audio = "Retroflex nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ̊˖", "ɲ̟̊", "ȵ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ˖", "ɲ̟", "ȵ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ̊", "ɲ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ" }, audio = "Palatal nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсуйтӧма пост-палаталнӧй нос", symbols = { "ɲ˗", "ɲ̠", "ɲ᫢", "ŋ˖", "ŋ᫈", "ŋ̟" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velar nasal", symbols = { "ŋ̊", "ŋ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless velar nasal.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс велар нос", symbols = { "ŋ" }, audio = "Velar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular nasal", symbols = { "ɴ̟", "ŋ˗", "ŋ᫢", "ŋ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular nasal", symbols = { "ɴ̥", "ɴ̊" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн увулярнӧй нос", symbols = { "ɴ" }, audio = "Uvular nasal.ogg" }, -- Nareals { name = "Voiceless labiodental nareal", symbols = { "ɱ̥̾" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental nasal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental nareal", symbols = { "ɱ̾" }, }, -- Plosives { name = "Voiceless bilabial plosive", symbols = { "p" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй плозив", symbols = { "b" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental plosive", symbols = { "p̪" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental plosive.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиодентальнӧй плозив", symbols = { "b̪" }, audio = "Voiced labiodental plosive.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лингволабиальнӧй плозив", symbols = { "p̼" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial plosive", symbols = { "b̼" }, audio = "Voiced linguolabial stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм зумыд плозивнӧй", symbols = { "t̪" }, audio = "Voiceless dental stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс дентал плозивнӧй", symbols = { "d̪" }, audio = "Voiced dental stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг альвеолярнӧй плозивнӧй", symbols = { "t" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй плозивнӧй", symbols = { "d" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Назальнӧй лэдзӧм гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй плозив", symbols = { "dⁿ" }, article = "Назальнӧй лэдзны (фонетика)", }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar plosive", symbols = { "t̠" }, audio = "Voiceless postalveolar stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar plosive", symbols = { "d̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм ретрофлекснӧй плозив", symbols = { "ʈ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex stop.oga" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex plosive", symbols = { "ɖ" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex stop.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive", symbols = { "c̟", "ȶ" }, audio = "IPA sound - ȶ.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive", symbols = { "ɟ˖", "ɟ᫈", "ɟ̟", "ȡ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal plosive", symbols = { "c" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal plosive", symbols = { "ɟ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar plosive", symbols = { "c̠", "k̟" }, article = "Voiceless post-palatal plosive" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar plosive", symbols = { "ɟ᫢", "ɟ̠", "ɡ˖", "ɡ᫈", "ɡ̟" }, article = "Voiced post-palatal plosive" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм велярнӧй плозив", symbols = { "k" }, audio = "Voiceless velar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс велярнӧй плозив", symbols = { "ɡ" }, audio = "Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular plosive", symbols = { "q˖", "q᫈", "q̟", "k̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular plosive", symbols = { "ɢ̟", "ɡ˗", "ɡ᫢", "ɡ̠" }, audio = "Voiced velar-uvular plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular plosive", symbols = { "q" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн увулярнӧй плозив", symbols = { "ɢ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular stop.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless post-uvular plosive", symbols = { "q˗", "q᫢" }, }, { name = "Voiced post-uvular plosive", symbols = { "ɢ̠" }, }, { name = "Безголоснӧй глоточнӧй плозив", symbols = { "ꞯ", "ʡ̟" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive", symbols = { "𝼂", "ʡ̟̬" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless epiglottal plosive", symbols = { "ʡ" }, audio = "Epiglottal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless glottal stop", symbols = { "ʔ" }, audio = "Glottal stop.ogg" }, -- Affricates { name = "Voiceless bilabial affricate", symbols = { "pɸ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс билабиалнӧй несибилянтнӧй аффрикат", symbols = { "bβ" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial affricate.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless bilabial trilled affricate", symbols = { "pʙ̥" }, article = "Voiceless bilabial trill#Prestopped trills and stops with trill release" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial trilled affricate", symbols = { "bʙ" }, article = "Voiced bilabial trill#Prestopped trills and stops with trill release" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental affricate", symbols = { "p̪f", "pf" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиодентальнӧй несибильнӧй аффрикат", symbols = { "b̪v", "bv" }, audio = "Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental sibilant affricate", symbols = { "t̪s̪", "ts̪", "t̟s̟", "ts̟" }, audio = "Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiced dental sibilant affricate", symbols = { "d̪z̪", "dz̪", "d̟z̟", "dz̟" }, audio = "Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless dental affricate", symbols = { "t̪θ", "t̟θ", "tθ" }, audio = "Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiced dental affricate", symbols = { "d̪ð", "d̟ð", "dð" }, audio = "Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм альвеолярнӧй сибилантнӧй аффриката", symbols = { "ts", "ʦ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar affricate", symbols = { "dz", "ʣ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate", symbols = { "t̺s̺", "ts̺", "t̠s̠", "ts̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced apico-alveolar affricate", symbols = { "d̺z̺", "dz̺", "d̠z̠", "dz̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "tɹ̝̊", "tɹ̥", "tθ̠", "tθ͇" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "dɹ̝", "dɹ", "dð̠", "dð͇" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate", symbols = { "t̻˗ʃ", "tʃ", "ʧ" }, audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсом небӧго-альвеолярнӧй сибилантнӧй аффриката", symbols = { "d̻˗ʒ", "dʒ", "ʤ" }, audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "t̠ɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̠̊", "tɹ̠̊" }, audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "d̠ɹ̠˔", "d̠ɹ̠᷵", "dɹ̠˔", "dɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̠", "dɹ̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex affricate", symbols = { "ʈʂ", "tʂ", "ꭧ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex affricate", symbols = { "ɖʐ", "dʐ", "ꭦ" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "dɻ˔", "ɖɻ᷵", "d̠ɻ̝", "ɖɻ˔" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate", symbols = { "ȶɕ", "tɕ", "cɕ", "t̠ʃʲ", "tʃʲ", "t̠s̠ʲ", "ʨ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate", symbols = { "ȡʑ", "dʑ", "ɟʑ", "d̠ʒʲ", "dʒʲ", "d̠z̠ʲ", "ʥ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal affricate", symbols = { "cç" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal affricate", symbols = { "ɟʝ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar affricate", symbols = { "c̠ç˗", "cç˗", "c̠ç̠", "cç̠", "k̟x̟", "kx̟" }, article = "Voiceless post-palatal affricate" }, { name = "Voiceless velar affricate", symbols = { "kx" }, audio = "Voiceless velar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar affricate", symbols = { "ɡɣ" }, audio = "Voiced velar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular affricate", symbols = { "q˖χ˖", "qχ˖", "q̟χ̟", "qχ̟", "k̠x̠", "kx̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular affricate", symbols = { "qχ" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular affricate", symbols = { "ɢʁ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pharyngeal affricate", symbols = { "ꞯħ" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal affricate", symbols = { "𝼂ʕ" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate", symbols = { "ʡʜ" }, audio = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн эпиглотальнӧй несибильнӧй аффриката", symbols = { "ʡ̬ʢ", "ʡʢ" }, audio = "Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм глотальнӧй несибилянтнӧй аффриката", symbols = { "ʔh" }, audio = "Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg" }, -- Fricatives { name = "Voiceless bilabial fricative", symbols = { "ɸ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial fricative", symbols = { "β" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лабиодентальнӧй несбилянтнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "f" }, audio = "Voiceless labio-dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лабиодентальнӧй сибилантнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "fⓈ" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиодентальнӧй несибильнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "v" }, audio = "Voiced labio-dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial sibilant fricative", symbols = { "s̼" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial fricative", symbols = { "f̼" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial fricative", symbols = { "v̼" }, audio = "Voiced linguolabial fricative.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless dental fricative", symbols = { "θ" }, audio = "Voiceless dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced dental fricative", symbols = { "ð" }, audio = "Voiced dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental sibilant fricative", symbols = { "s̪" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental sibilant fricative", symbols = { "z̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s̻̪", "s̪̻", "s̻͆", "s̟" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй сибилантнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "z" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s̺" }, }, { name = "Voiced apico-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "z̺" }, }, { name = "Voiceless post-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s̠" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "z̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "θ̠", "θ͇", "t̞", "ɹ̝̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ð̠", "ð͇", "d̞", "ɹ̝" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative", symbols = { "ɾ̞̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar tapped fricative", symbols = { "ɾ̞" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "ʃ" }, audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palato-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "ʒ" }, audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɹ̠̊˔", "ɹ̝̊˗" }, audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɹ̠˔", "ɹ̠᷵", "ɹ̝˗" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex fricative", symbols = { "ʂ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex fricative", symbols = { "ʐ" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɻ̝̊", "ɻ̊˔", "ʈ̞", "ʈ˕" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɻ̝", "ɻ˔", "ɻ᷵", "ɖ̞", "ɖ˕" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative", symbols = { "ɕ", "ʃʲ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн альвеоло-пальтальнӧй сибилантнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "ʑ", "ʒʲ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal fricative", symbols = { "ç" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн палаталнӧй несибилянтнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "ʝ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar fricative", symbols = { "ç˗", "ç̠", "ç᫢", "x̟" }, article = "Voiceless post-palatal fricative", audio = "Voiceless post-palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar fricative", symbols = { "ʝ᫢", "ʝ̠", "ɣ᫈", "ɣ̟" }, article = "Voiced post-palatal fricative", audio = "Voiced post-palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless velar fricative", symbols = { "x" }, audio = "Voiceless velar fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless velar sibilant fricative", symbols = { "xⓈ" }, audio = "Voiceless velar sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн велярнӧй несбилянтнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "ɣ", "ɡ̞", "ɡ᫛", "ɡ˕" }, audio = "Voiced velar fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative", symbols = { "χ˖", "χ̟", "x̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative", symbols = { "ʁ̟", "ɣ˗", "ɣ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular fricative", symbols = { "χ" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular fricative", symbols = { "ʁ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative", symbols = { "ħ" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative", symbols = { "ʕ" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless glottal fricative", symbols = { "h" }, audio = "Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс глотальнӧй несибилянтнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "ɦ" }, audio = "Voiced glottal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless bidental fricative", symbols = { "h̪͆" }, audio = "Voiceless bidental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dentolabial fricative", symbols = { "f͆" }, audio = "Voiceless dentolabial fricative.ogg" }, -- Nasal fricatives { name = "Nasalized voiceless glottal fricative", symbols = { "h̃" }, audio = "IPA h̃.ogg" }, { name = "Nasalized voiced glottal fricative", symbols = { "ɦ̃" }, }, -- Approximants { name = "Voiced bilabial approximant", symbols = { "β̞" }, audio = "Bilabial approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental approximant", symbols = { "ʋ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental approximant", symbols = { "ʋ" }, audio = "Labiodental approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced dental approximant", symbols = { "ð̞", "ɹ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ" }, audio = "Alveolar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced laminal alveolar approximant", symbols = { "z̞", "ð̠˕", "ɹ̻" }, }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̠̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̠" }, audio = "Postalveolar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм ретрофлекс несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "ɻ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex approximant", symbols = { "ɻ" }, audio = "Retroflex Approximant2.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal approximant", symbols = { "j̊", "ç˕", "ç̞"}, audio = "Voiceless palatal approximant.wav" }, { name = "Voiced palatal approximant", symbols = { "j", "ʝ˕", "ʝ̞" }, audio = "Palatal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar approximant", symbols = { "j᫢", "j̠", "j˗", "ʝ̞˗", "ʝ̞᫢", "ɰ̈", "ɰ̟", "ɰ˖", "ɣ̞˖", "ɣ̞᫈" }, article = "Voiced post-palatal approximant", audio = "Post-palatal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Protruded post-palatal or pre-velar approximant", symbols = { "j˗ʷ", "j᫢ʷ", "j̈ʷ", "ɥ̫̈", "ẅ", "w̟" }, audio = "Voiced labialized post-palatal approximant.ogg", article = "Protruded post-palatal approximant" }, { name = "Compressed post-palatal or pre-velar approximant", symbols = { "ɥ̈", "ɥ˗", "ɥ᫢", "j̈ᵝ", "j˗ᵝ", "j᫢ᵝ" }, article = "Compressed post-palatal approximant" }, { name = "Voiced velar approximant", symbols = { "ɰ", "ɣ˕", "ɣ᫛", "ɣ̞" }, audio = "Voiced velar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar bunched approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̈ "}, }, { name = "Voiced uvular approximant", symbols = { "ʁ̞" }, audio = "Voiced Uvular Approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн глоточнӧй несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "ʕ̞" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal approximant", symbols = { "ʢ̞", "ʕ̞˗" }, audio = "Voiced epiglottal trill.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм глотальнӧй приближение", symbols = { "h̞" }, audio = "Voiceless glottal approximant.wav" }, { name = "Voiced glottal approximant", symbols = { "ɦ̞" }, audio = "Breathy-voiced glottal approximant.ogg" }, -- Nasal approximants { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг палаталнӧй несбилянтнӧй носовӧй приближение", symbols = { "j̥̃" }, }, { name = "Nasalized voiced palatal approximant", symbols = { "j̃" }, audio = "Nasal palatal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Nasalized voiced velar approximant", symbols = { "ɰ̃", "ɣ̞̃", "ɣ̃˕" }, audio = "Nasal velar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Nasalized voiced labial–velar approximant", symbols = { "w̃" }, audio = "Voiced labialized velar nasal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн глотальнӧй несибилантнӧй ныр приближение", symbols = { "h̞̃" }, }, { name = "Nasalized voiced glottal approximant", symbols = { "ɦ̞̃" }, }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal non-sibilant nasal approximant", symbols = { "ʕ̞̃" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal nasal approximant.ogg" }, -- Taps/flaps { name = "Voiceless bilabial flap", symbols = { "p̆" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй лопатка", symbols = { "b̆", "b̮" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial flap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental flap", symbols = { "ⱱ" }, audio = "Labiodental tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̪̊" }, article = "Voiceless dental tap" }, { name = "Voiced dental tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̪" }, article = "Dental tap", }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̥", "t̆", "t̮" }, article = "Voiceless alveolar tap", audio = "Voiceless alveolar tap.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй моновибрант", symbols = { "ɾ", "d̆", "d̮" }, audio = "Alveolar tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar flap", symbols = { "ɾ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex flap", symbols = { "ɽ̊", "ʈ̆" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex tap.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн ретрофлекс моновибрант", symbols = { "ɽ", "ɖ̆" }, audio = "Retroflex flap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal flap", symbols = { "c̆" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal flap", symbols = { "ɟ̆" }, audio = "Voiced palatal tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless velar flap", symbols = { "k̮" }, audio = "Voiceless velar tap.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс велар моновибрант", symbols = { "ɡ̆" }, audio = "Voiced velar tap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced uvular tap or flap", symbols = { "ɢ̆", "ʀ̆" }, article = "Voiced uvular tap and flap", audio = "Voiced uvular tap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal tap or flap", symbols = { "𝼂̆" }, audio = "Pharyngeal flap.oga" }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal tap", symbols = { "ʡ̆", "ʡ̮" }, audio = "Epiglottal flap.oga" }, -- Nasal flaps { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй ныр моновибрант", symbols = { "m̆" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar nasal tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̃", "n̆" }, article = "Alveolar nasal tap", }, { name = "Voiced retroflex nasal flap", symbols = { "ɽ̃", "ɳ̆" }, }, -- Trills { name = "Voiceless bilabial trill", symbols = { "ʙ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless bilabial aspirated trill", symbols = { "ʙ̥ʰ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial trill", symbols = { "ʙ" }, audio = "Bilabial trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiolingual trill", symbols = { "ʙ̼̊" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial trill.wav" }, { name = "Voiced labiolingual trill", symbols = { "ʙ̼" }, audio = "Voiced linguolabial trill.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless dental trill", symbols = { "r̪̊" } }, { name = "Voiced dental trill", symbols = { "r̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar trill", symbols = { "r̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн альвеолярнӧй трилль", symbols = { "r" }, audio = "Alveolar trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar trill", symbols = { "r̠̊" } }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar trill", symbols = { "r̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex trill", symbols = { "ɽ̊r̥", "ɽr̥" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex trill", symbols = { "ɽr" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex trill.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс велар триль", symbols = { "ʀ᫊", "ʀ̟˖" }, audio = "Voiced velar trill (2025-12-05).wav" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular trill", symbols = { "ʀ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular trill", symbols = { "ʀ" }, audio = "Uvular trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless epiglottal trill", symbols = { "ʜ" }, audio = "Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal trill", symbols = { "ʢ" }, audio = "Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg" }, -- Fricative trills { name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative trill", symbols = { "r̝̊" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar raised non-sonorant trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar fricative trill", symbols = { "r̝" }, audio = "Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝̊˖", "ʀ̟̊˔" }, }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝˖", "ʀ̟˔" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝̊" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝" }, audio = "Voiced uvular fricative trill.wav" }, -- Lateral affricates { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate", symbols = { "tɬ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate", symbols = { "dɮ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate", symbols = { "ʈɭ̊˔", "tɭ̊˔", "ʈɭ̊", "tɭ̊", "ʈꞎ", "tꞎ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral affricate", symbols = { "ɖɭ˔", "dɭ˔", "ɖɭ", "dɭ", "ɖ𝼅", "d𝼅" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate", symbols = { "cʎ̝̊", "cʎ̥", "c𝼆", "t𝼆" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal lateral affricate", symbols = { "ɟʎ̝", "ɟʎ", "ɟ𝼆̬", "d𝼆̬" }, audio = "Voiced palatal lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal lateral affricate", symbols = { "c𝼆˗" }, article = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate" }, { name = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate", symbols = { "kʟ̝̊", "kʟ̥", "k𝼄" }, audio = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral affricate", symbols = { "ɡʟ̝", "ɡʟ", "ɡ𝼄̬" }, audio = "Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg" }, -- Lateral fricatives { name = "Voiceless dental lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɬ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɮ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɬ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɮ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɬ̠" } }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɮ̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɭ̊˔", "ꞎ"}, audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɭ˔", "𝼅" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral fricative.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʎ̝̊˖", "ȴ̊˔" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʎ̝̊", "𝼆" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʎ̝", "𝼆̬" }, audio = "ʎ̝ IPA sound.opus" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "𝼆̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʎ̝˗", "ʟ̟᷵" }, article = "Voiced pre-velar lateral fricative" }, { name = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʟ̝̊", "𝼄" }, audio = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʟ̝", "𝼄̬" }, audio = "Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg" }, -- Lateral approximants { name = "Voiceless dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̪̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̪" }, audio = "Voiced dental lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг альвеолярнӧй несибилянтнӧй бокӧвӧй приближение", symbols = { "l̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй бокӧвӧй несибилантнӧй приближение", symbols = { "l" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɭ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɭ" }, audio = "Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсуйтӧма альвеоло-палаталнӧй бокӧвӧй несибилянтнӧй приблизительнӧй", symbols = { "ʎ̟", "ȴ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʎ̥" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн палатал латерал апроксимант", symbols = { "ʎ" }, audio = "Palatal lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсуйтӧм бӧрын небӧг бокӧвӧй приближение", symbols = { "ʎ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velar lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʟ̥" }, }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʟ" }, audio = "Velar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʟ̠" }, audio = "Uvular lateral approximant.ogg" }, -- Lateral taps/flaps { name = "Voiced linguolabial lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̼" } }, { name = "Voiced dental lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̪" } }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral flap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ", "l̆"}, audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral flap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral flap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral flap", symbols = { "ɭ̥̆", "𝼈̊", "𝼈̥" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral flap.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн ретрофлекс бокӧвӧй моновибрант", symbols = { "ɭ̆", "𝼈", "𝼈 (ɺ̢)" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral flap (correct).wav" }, { name = "Voiced palatal lateral flap", symbols = { "ʎ̆", "ʎ̮" }, audio = "Voiced palatal lateral flap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral tap", symbols = { "ʟ̆" }, audio = "Voiced velar lateral tap.wav" }, -- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS -- Ejective stops { name = "Bilabial ejective stop", symbols = { "pʼ" }, audio = "Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial ejective stop", symbols = { "p̼ʼ" }, audio = "Linguolabial ejective stop.ogg", }, { name = "Dental ejective stop", symbols = { "t̪ʼ" }, audio = "Dental ejective stop.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolar ejective stop", symbols = { "tʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Retroflex ejective stop", symbols = { "ʈʼ" }, audio = "Retroflex ejective.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal ejective stop", symbols = { "ȶʼ" }, audio = "Alveolo-palatal ejective stop.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal ejective stop", symbols = { "cʼ" }, audio = "Palatal ejective.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм эжективнӧй велярнӧй стоп", symbols = { "kʼ" }, audio = "Velar ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-velar ejective stop", symbols = { "k̠ʼ" }, audio = "Post-velar ejective stop.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular ejective stop", symbols = { "qʼ" }, audio = "Uvular ejective plosive.ogg" }, -- Ejective affricates { name = "Labiodental ejective affricate", symbols = { "p̪fʼ" }, }, { name = "Dental ejective affricate", symbols = { "t̪θʼ", "t̟θʼ", "tθʼ" }, audio = "Dental ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolar ejective affricate", symbols = { "tsʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Postalveolar ejective affricate", symbols = { "t̠ʃʼ", "tʃʼ" }, audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Retroflex ejective affricate", symbols = { "ʈʂʼ", "tʂʼ" }, audio = "Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate", symbols = { "t̠ɕʼ", "tɕʼ", "t̠ʃʲʼ", "tʃʲʼ", "t̠s̠ʲʼ", "cɕʼ" }, }, { name = "Palatal ejective affricate", symbols = { "cçʼ" }, audio = "Palatal ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Velar ejective affricate", symbols = { "kxʼ" }, audio = "Velar ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular ejective affricate", symbols = { "qχʼ" }, audio = "Uvular ejective affricate.ogg" }, -- Ejective fricatives { name = "Bilabial ejective fricative", symbols = { "ɸʼ" }, audio = "Bilabial ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Labiodental ejective fricative", symbols = { "fʼ" }, audio = "Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Эжективнӧй лабиодентальнӧй сибилант фрикатив", symbols = { "fⓈʼ" }, }, { name = "Dental ejective fricative", symbols = { "θʼ" }, audio = "Dental ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolar ejective fricative", symbols = { "sʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-alveolar ejective fricative", symbols = { "s̠ʼ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar retracted ejective sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative", symbols = { "ʃʼ" }, audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Retroflex ejective fricative", symbols = { "ʂʼ" }, audio = "Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative", symbols = { "ɕʼ" , "ʃʲʼ", "s̠ʲʼ"}, audio = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal ejective fricative", symbols = { "çʼ" }, audio = "Palatal ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Velar ejective fricative", symbols = { "xʼ" }, audio = "Velar ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular ejective fricative", symbols = { "χʼ" }, audio = "Uvular ejective fricative.ogg" }, -- Lateral ejective affricates { name = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "tɬʼ", "ƛʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "cʎ̝̊ʼ", "cʎ̥ʼ", "c𝼆ʼ" }, audio = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Velar lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "kʟ̝̊ʼ", "kʟ̥ʼ", "k𝼄ʼ" }, audio = "Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "q𝼄ʼ", "q𝼄̠ʼ", "qʟ̝̊ʼ" }, }, -- Lateral ejective fricatives { name = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative", symbols = { "ɬʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg" }, -- Ejective trills { name = "Ejective trill", symbols = { "ʙ̥ʼ", "ʙ̼̊ʼ", "r̪̊ʼ", "r̥ʼ", "r̠̊ʼ", "ɽr̥ʼ", "ʀ᫊̊ʼ", "ʀ̥ʼ" }, article = "Ejective consonant" }, -- Tenuis clicks { name = "Tenuis bilabial click", symbols = { "ʘ", "kʘ" }, audio = "Clic bilabial sourd.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis dental click", symbols = { "ǀ", "kǀ" }, audio = "Dental click.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis alveolar click", symbols = { "ǃ", "kǃ" }, audio = "Postalveolar click.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis palatal click", symbols = { "ǂ", "kǂ" }, audio = "Palatoalveolar click.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis retroflex click", symbols = { "𝼊", "k𝼊" }, audio = "Retrflx click.wav" }, { name = "Back-released click", symbols = { "ʞ" }, }, -- Voiced clicks { name = "Voiced bilabial click", symbols = { "ʘ̬", "ɡʘ" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental click", symbols = { "ǀ̬", "ɡǀ" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar click", symbols = { "ǃ̬", "ɡǃ" }, }, { name = "Voiced palatal click", symbols = { "ǂ̬", "ɡǂ" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex click", symbols = { "𝼊̬", "ɡ𝼊" }, }, -- Nasal clicks { name = "Bilabial nasal click", symbols = { "ʘ̃", "ŋʘ", "ⁿʘ" }, audio = "Bilabial nasal click.ogg" }, { name = "Dental nasal click", symbols = { "ǀ̃", "ŋǀ", "ⁿǀ", "ŋǀʱ" }, }, { name = "Alveolar nasal click", symbols = { "ǃ̃", "ŋǃ", "ⁿǃ" }, audio = "Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal nasal click", symbols = { "ǂ̃", "ŋǂ", "ⁿǂ" }, }, { name = "Retroflex nasal click", symbols = { "𝼊̃", "ŋ𝼊", "ⁿ𝼊" }, }, -- Lateral clicks { name = "Tenuis alveolar lateral click", symbols = { "ǁ", "kǁ" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral click.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral click", symbols = { "ǁ̬", "ɡǁ" }, }, -- Lateral nasal clicks { name = "Alveolar lateral nasal click", symbols = { "ǁ̃", "ŋǁ", "ⁿǁ" }, }, -- Glottalized clicks { name = "Glottalized bilabial nasal click", symbols = { "ʘ̃ˀ", "ʘˀ", "ŋ̊ʘˀ", "ŋʘˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized dental nasal click", symbols = { "ǀ̃ˀ", "ǀˀ", "ŋ̊ǀˀ", "ŋǀˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized alveolar nasal click", symbols = { "ǃ̃ˀ", "ǃˀ", "ŋ̊ǃˀ", "ŋǃˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized retroflex nasal click", symbols = { "𝼊̃ˀ", "𝼊ˀ", "ŋ𝼊ˀ", "ŋ̊𝼊ˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized palatal nasal click", symbols = { "ǂ̃ˀ", "ǂˀ", "ŋ̊ǂˀ", "ŋǂˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click", symbols = { "ǁ̃ˀ", "ǁˀ", "ŋ̊ǁˀ", "ŋǁˀ" }, }, -- Egressive clicks (for Damin) { name = "Egressive bilabial click", symbols = { "ʘ↑" }, }, -- Implosives { name = "Voiceless bilabial implosive", symbols = { "ɓ̥", "ƥ", "pʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-bilabial-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй имплозивнӧй", symbols = { "ɓ" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental implosive", symbols = { "ɓ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless dental implosive", symbols = { "ɗ̪̥", "ɗ̪̊", "ƭ̪", "t̪ʼ↓" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental implosive", symbols = { "ɗ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar implosive", symbols = { "ɗ̥", "ƭ", "tʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-alveolar-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй имплозионнӧй", symbols = { "ɗ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex implosive", symbols = { "ᶑ̊", "ᶑ̥", "𝼉", "ʈʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-retroflex-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced retroflex implosive", symbols = { "ᶑ" }, audio = "Voiced-retroflex-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiceless palatal implosive", symbols = { "ʄ̊", "ʄ̥", "ƈ", "cʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced palatal implosive", symbols = { "ʄ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar implosive", symbols = { "ʄ̠", "ʄ˗", "ɠ̟", "ɠ˖" }, audio = "Voiced post palatal and pre velar implosives.ogg", article = "Voiced pre-velar implosive" }, { name = "Voiceless velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠ̊", "ƙ", "kʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-velar-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠ" }, audio = "Voiced velar implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular implosive", symbols = { "ʛ̥", "ʠ", "qʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-uvular-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced uvular implosive", symbols = { "ʛ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pharyngeal implosive", symbols = { "ꞯʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal implosive.ogg", }, -- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS -- Co-articulated nasals { name = "Voiced labial–alveolar nasal", symbols = { "nm" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–retroflex nasal", symbols = { "ɳm" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–velar nasal", symbols = { "ŋm" }, audio = "Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсуйтӧма увулярнӧй ко лабиальнӧй нос", symbols = { "ɴm" }, }, -- Co-articulated plosives { name = "Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive", symbols = { "tp" }, audio = "Voiceless labial-alveolar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labial–alveolar plosive", symbols = { "db" }, }, { name = "Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive", symbols = { "ʈp" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–retroflex plosive", symbols = { "ɖb" }, }, { name = "Безголоснӧй велар ко лабиальнӧй плозив", symbols = { "kp" }, audio = "Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labial–velar plosive", symbols = { "ɡb" }, audio = "Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labial–uvular plosive", symbols = { "qp" }, audio = "Voiceless labial–uvular plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive", symbols = { "qʡ" }, }, -- Co-articulated implosives { name = "Voiceless labial–velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠ̊ɓ̥", "kɓ̥", "ƙƥ", "kpʼ↓", "kƥ" }, audio = "Voiceless-labial–velar-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced labial–velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠɓ", "ɡɓ" }, audio = "Voiced-labial-velar-implosive.ogg" }, -- Co-articulated ejectives { name = "Labial–alveolar ejective stop", symbols = { "tpʼ" }, }, -- Co-articulated continuants { name = "Voiceless labial–palatal fricative", symbols = { "ɥ̊˔", "ɥ̝̊", "çᶣ", "çᵝ", "çʷ" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лабиализируйтӧм небӧг несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "ɥ̊", "ç̞ʷ" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–palatal approximant", symbols = { "ɥ" }, audio = "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless labial–velar fricative", symbols = { "ʍ" }, audio = "Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лабиализируйтӧм велярнӧй несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "w̥", "ẘ", "ʍ̞" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиализируйтӧм велярнӧй несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "w", "ɰʷ", "ɣ̞ʷ", "ɣ᫛ʷ"}, audio = "Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Compressed voiced labial–velar approximant", symbols = { "wᵝ", "ɰᵝ", "ɣ̞ᵝ", "ɣ᫛ᵝ"}, article = "Voiced labial–velar approximant", }, { name = "Sj-sound", symbols = { "ɧ" }, audio = "Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg" }, -- Co-articulated lateral approximants { name = "Velarized dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɫ̪", "l̪ˠ" }, }, { name = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɫ", "lˠ" }, audio = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Pharyngealized dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̪ˤ" }, }, { name = "Pharyngealized alveolar lateral approximant", symbols = { "lˤ" }, }, -- VOWELS -- Close vowels { name = "Close front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "i" }, audio = "Close front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close front rounded vowel", symbols = { "y" }, audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close front compressed vowel", symbols = { "y͍", "iᵝ" }, audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close front protruded vowel", symbols = { "y̫", "yʷ", "iʷ", "y᫇" }, audio = "Close front protruded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɨ", "ï", "ï", "ɯ̈" }, audio = "Close central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Матысса сентрал гӧгрӧс гласнӧй", symbols = { "ʉ", "ü", "ü" }, audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close central protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʉ̫", "ʉʷ", "ɨʷ" }, audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close central compressed vowel", symbols = { "ÿ", "ɨᵝ" }, }, { name = "Матысса тылса неокругленнӧй гласнӧй", symbols = { "ɯ" }, audio = "Close back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close back rounded vowel", symbols = { "u" }, audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close back protruded vowel", symbols = { "u̫", "uʷ", "ɯʷ" }, audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close back compressed vowel", symbols = { "u͍", "ɯᵝ" }, audio = "Ja-U.oga" }, -- Near-close vowels { name = "Near-close front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ̟", "i̞", "e̝" }, }, { name = "Near-close front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̟", "y̞", "y˕", "ø̝" }, }, { name = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ", "i̽", "ï̞", "ë̝" }, audio = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ", "y̽", "ÿ̞", "ÿ˕", "ø̝̈" }, audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-front compressed vowel", symbols = { "ʏ͍", "ɪᵝ" }, audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-front protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̫", "ʏʷ", "ɪʷ" }, }, { name = "Near-close central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ̈", "ɪ̠", "ɨ̞", "ɘ̝" }, audio = "Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̈", "ʊ̟", "ʉ̞", "ɵ̝" }, audio = "Near-close central rounded vowel2.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close central protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̫̈", "ʉ̫˕", "ʊ̈ʷ", "ʉ̞ʷ", "ɪ̈ʷ", "ɨ̞ʷ" }, }, { name = "Near-close central compressed vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̈", "ɨ̞ᵝ" }, }, { name = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɯ̽", "ɯ̞̈", "ɤ̝̈" }, audio = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ", "u̽", "ü̞", "ö̝" }, audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-back protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̫", "ʊʷ", "ɯ̽ʷ", "ɤ̝̈ʷ", "u̫˕", "u̞ʷ", "ɯ̞ʷ", "ɤ̝ʷ" }, audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-back compressed vowel", symbols = { "ʊ͍", "ɯ̽ᵝ", "ɯ̞̈ᵝ", "ɯ̞ᵝ" }, }, { name = "Near-close back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɯ̞", "ɤ̝" }, }, { name = "Near-close back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̠", "u̞", "o̝" }, }, -- Close-mid vowels { name = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "e" }, audio = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ø" }, audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid front compressed vowel", symbols = { "ø͍", "eᵝ" }, audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid front protruded vowel", symbols = { "ø̫", "øʷ", "eʷ" }, }, { name = "Close-mid near-front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ̞", "e̠", "ɘ̟" }, }, { name = "Close-mid near-front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̞", "ø̠", "ɵ̟" }, }, { name = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɘ", "ë", "ɤ̈" }, audio = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɵ", "ɵ̫", "ɵʷ", "ö", "ɘʷ" }, audio = "Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid central compressed vowel", symbols = { "ø̈", "ɘᵝ" }, }, { name = "Close-mid near-back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɘ̠", "ɤ̟", "ɯ̞̽" }, }, { name = "Close-mid near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̞", "ɵ̠", "o̟" }, }, { name = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɤ" }, audio = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid back rounded vowel", symbols = { "o", "o̫", "oʷ", "ɤʷ" }, audio = "Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid back compressed vowel", symbols = { "o͍", "ɤᵝ" }, }, -- Mid vowels { name = "Шӧр фронт негӧгрӧс гласнӧй", symbols = { "e̞", "ɛ̝" }, audio = "Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ø̞", "œ̝" }, audio = "Mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid front compressed vowel", symbols = { "ø͍˕", "œ͍˔", "e̞ᵝ", "ɛ̝ᵝ" }, }, { name = "Mid front protruded vowel", symbols = { "ø̫˕", "œ̫˔", "ø̞ʷ", "œ̝ʷ", "e̞ʷ", "ɛ̝ʷ" }, }, { name = "Mid near-front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "e̽" }, }, { name = "Шӧр сентрал негӧгрӧстӧм гласнӧй", symbols = { "ə", "ɘ̞", "ɜ̝" }, audio = "Mid-central vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ə̹", "ɵ̞", "ɞ̝" }, audio = "Mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "o̽" }, audio = "Mid near-back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɤ̞", "ʌ̝" }, audio = "ɤ̞ IPA sound.opus" }, { name = "Mid back rounded vowel", symbols = { "o̞", "ɔ̝" }, audio = "Mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, -- Open-mid vowels { name = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɛ" , "æ̝"}, audio = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid front rounded vowel", symbols = { "œ" }, audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid front compressed vowel", symbols = { "œ͍", "ɛᵝ" }, audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid front protruded vowel", symbols = { "œ̫", "œʷ", "ɛʷ" }, }, { name = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɜ", "ɛ̈", "ʌ̈" }, audio = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Восьса шӧр сэнтрал гӧгрӧс гласнӧй", symbols = { "ɞ", "ɔ̈" }, audio = "Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ʌ" }, audio = "PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɔ" }, audio = "PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, -- Near-open vowels { name = "Орччӧн восьса воддза негӧгрӧс гласнӧй", symbols = { "æ", "ɛ̞", "a̝" }, audio = "Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-open front rounded vowel", symbols = { "œ̞", "ɶ̝" }, }, { name = "Near-open central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɐ", "ɜ̞" }, audio = "PR-near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-open central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɐ̹", "ɞ̞" }, audio = "Near-open central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-open near-back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɑ̽" }, }, { name = "Near-open near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɒ̽" }, }, { name = "Near-open back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ʌ̞", "ɑ̝" }, }, { name = "Near-open back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɔ̞", "ɒ̝" }, }, -- Open vowels { name = "Восьса воддза гӧгрӧстӧм гласнӧй", symbols = { "a", "æ̞" }, audio = "PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɶ" }, audio = "Open front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ä", "a̠", "ɑ̈", "ɑ̟" }, audio = "Open central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɒ̈", "ɒ̟", "ɶ̈", "ɶ̠" }, audio = "Open central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɑ" }, audio = "Open back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɒ" }, audio = "PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "R-colored vowel", symbols = { "ɚ", "ɝ", "ɹ̩", "ɻ̍" }, audio = "En-us-er.ogg" }, -- SUPRASEGMENTALS { name = "Primary stress", symbols = { "ˈ" }, article = "Stress (linguistics)", }, { name = "Secondary stress", symbols = { "ˌ" }, }, { name = "Minor (foot) group", symbols = { "|" }, article = "Prosodic unit", }, { name = "Major (intonation) group", symbols = { "‖" }, article = "Prosodic unit", }, { name = "Syllable break", symbols = { "." }, article = "Syllable", }, { name = "Linking (absence of a break)", symbols = { "‿" }, article = "Connected speech", }, -- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS { name = "Downstep", symbols = { "ꜜ" }, }, { name = "Upstep", symbols = { "ꜛ" }, }, { name = "Global rise", symbols = { "↗" }, article = "Intonation (linguistics)", }, { name = "Global fall", symbols = { "↘" }, article = "Intonation (linguistics)", }, -- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA) { name = "Bilabial percussive", symbols = { "ʬ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial percussive.wav" }, { name = "Bidental percussive", symbols = { "ʭ" }, audio = "Voiceless bidental percussive.wav" }, { name = "Velopharyngeal fricative", symbols = { "ʩ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velopharyngeal trill", symbols = { "𝼀", "ʩ𐞪" }, audio = "Voiceless Velopharyngeal Fricative Trill.ogg", article = "Velopharyngeal consonant" }, { name = "Voiced velopharyngeal trill", symbols = { "𝼀̬" }, article = "Velopharyngeal consonant" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative", symbols = { "ʪ" }, article = "Voiceless lateral-median fricative", audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral lisp fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative", symbols = { "ʫ" }, article = "Voiced lateral-median fricative", audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral lisp fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Ingressive airflow", symbols = { "↓" }, article = "Ingressive sound", }, { name = "Egressive airflow", symbols = { "↑" }, article = "Egressive sound", }, { name = "Apical r", symbols = { "ɹ̺" }, article = "Pronunciation of English /r/", }, { name = "Bunched r", symbols = { "ɹ̈" }, article = "Pronunciation of English /r/", }, { name = "Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive", symbols = { "¡" }, article = "Sublingual percussive", }, { name = "Percussive alveolar click", symbols = { "ǃ¡" }, audio = "Percussive alveolar click.ogg" }, { name = "Buccal interdental trill", symbols = { "ↀr̪͆" }, article = "Blowing a raspberry", }, -- NON-IPA { name = "Morphological boundary", symbols = { "#" }, article = "Word stem", }, { name = "Zero", symbols = { "∅" }, article = "Zero (linguistics)", }, }, diacritics = { -- DIACRITICS { name = "Voiceless", symbols = { "̥", "̊", "ḁ", "å", "ů", "ẙ" }, }, { name = "Voiced", symbols = { "̬" }, article = "Voice (phonetics)", }, { name = "Aspirated", symbols = { "ʰ" }, article = "Aspirated consonant", }, { name = "More rounded", symbols = { "̹", "͗", "˒" }, article = "Roundedness", }, { name = "Less rounded", symbols = { "̜", "͑", "˓", "͍" }, article = "Roundedness", }, { name = "Advanced", symbols = { "̟", "᫈", "˖", "᫊", "᫉" }, article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted", }, { name = "Retracted", symbols = { "̠", "˗" }, article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted", }, { name = "Centralized", symbols = { "̈" }, article = "Relative articulation#Centralized vowels", }, { name = "Mid-centralized", symbols = { "̽" }, article = "Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel", }, { name = "Affricate joiner or group articulation", symbols = { "͡", "͜" }, article = "Articulation#Joiners", }, { name = "Syllabic", symbols = { "̩", "̍" }, article = "Syllabic consonant", }, { name = "Non-syllabic", symbols = { "̯", "̑" }, article = "Semivowel", }, { name = "Rhoticity", symbols = { "˞" }, article = "R-colored vowel", audio = "En-us-er.ogg" }, { name = "Breathy voiced", symbols = { "̤", "ṳ", "ʱ" }, article = "Breathy voice", }, { name = "Creaky voiced", symbols = { "̰", "ḛ", "ḭ", "ṵ" }, article = "Creaky voice", }, { name = "Linguolabial", symbols = { "̼" }, article = "Linguolabial consonant", }, { name = "Лабиализируйтӧм", symbols = { "ʷ", "̫" }, article = "Лабиализация (фонетика)", }, { name = "Palatalized", symbols = { "ʲ" }, article = "Palatalization (phonetics)", }, { name = "Velarized", symbols = { "ˠ" }, article = "Velarization", }, { name = "Uvularized", symbols = { "ʶ", "ᵡ" }, article = "Uvularization", }, { name = "Pharyngealized", symbols = { "ˤ", "ᵸ" }, article = "Pharyngealization", }, { name = "Velarized or pharyngealized", symbols = { "̴", "ᵯ", "ᵰ", "ᵱ", "ᵬ", "ᵮ", "ᵵ", "ᵭ", "ᵴ", "ᵶ", "ᵳ", "ᵲ", "ꭨ" }, article = "Pharyngealization", }, { name = "Epiglottalized", symbols = { "𐞴" }, article = "Pharyngealization", }, { name = "Raised", symbols = { "̝", "˔" }, article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered", }, { name = "Lowered", symbols = { "̞", "᫛", "˕" }, article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered", }, { name = "Advanced tongue root", symbols = { "̘", "᫠", "꭪" }, }, { name = "Retracted tongue root", symbols = { "̙", "᫡", "꭫" }, }, { name = "Dental", symbols = { "̪", "͆" }, article = "Dental consonant", }, { name = "Apical", symbols = { "̺" }, article = "Apical consonant", }, { name = "Laminal", symbols = { "̻" }, article = "Laminal consonant", }, { name = "Nasalized", symbols = { "̃", "ṽ" }, article = "Nasalization", }, { name = "Nasal vowel", symbols = { "ĩ", "ỹ", "ɨ̃", "ʉ̃", "ɯ̃", "ũ", "ɪ̃", "ʏ̃", "ʊ̃", "ẽ", "ø̃", "ɘ̃", "ɵ̃", "ɤ̃", "õ", "ə̃", "ɛ̃", "œ̃", "ɜ̃", "ɞ̃", "ʌ̃", "ɔ̃", "æ̃", "ɐ̃", "ã", "ɶ̃", "ä̃", "ɑ̃", "ɒ̃" }, }, { name = "Nasal release", symbols = { "ⁿ" }, }, { name = "Lateral release", symbols = { "ˡ" }, article = "Lateral release (phonetics)", }, { name = "Некутшӧм лэдзӧм", symbols = { "̚" }, article = "Некутшӧм лэдзӧм (фонетика)", }, { name = "Ejective", symbols = { "ʼ" }, article = "Ejective consonant", }, { name = "Glottalized", symbols = { "ˀ" }, article = "Glottalization", }, { name = "Labio-palatalized", symbols = { "ᶣ" }, article = "Labio-palatalization", }, { name = "Buccal speech", symbols = { "ↀ" }, }, { name = "Esophageal speech", symbols = { "Œ" }, }, { name = "Electrolaryngeal speech", symbols = { "И" }, }, { name = "Tracheo-esophageal speech", symbols = { "Ю" }, }, -- SUPRASEGMENTALS { name = "Long", symbols = { "ː" }, article = "Length (phonetics)", }, { name = "Half-long", symbols = { "ˑ" }, article = "Length (phonetics)", }, { name = "Extra-short", symbols = { "̆", "̮", "ŏ", "ӗ", "ă", "ĭ", "ŭ" }, article = "Extra-shortness", }, -- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS { name = "Accent", symbols = { "̋", "ű", "ӳ", "ő", "́", "í", "ý", "ú", "é", "ǿ", "ó", "ǽ", "á", "̄", "ī", "ȳ", "ū", "ē", "ō", "ǣ", "ā", "̀", "ì", "ỳ", "ù", "è", "ò", "à", "̏", "ȉ", "ȕ", "ȅ", "ȍ", "ȁ" }, article = "Pitch-accent language", }, { name = "Tone", symbols = { "̌", "̂", "᷄", "᷅", "᷇", "᷆", "᷈", "᷉", "˥", "˦", "˧", "˨", "˩" }, article = "Tone (linguistics)", }, -- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA) { name = "Alveolar", symbols = { "͇" }, article = "Alveolar consonant", }, { name = "Strong articulation", symbols = { "͈", "̎" }, article = "Fortis and lenis", }, { name = "Weak articulation", symbols = { "͉", "᷂" }, article = "Fortis and lenis", }, { name = "Denasalized", symbols = { "͊" }, article = "Denasalization", }, { name = "Velopharyngeal friction", symbols = { "͌", "𐞐" }, article = "Velopharyngeal consonant", }, { name = "Whistled articulation", symbols = { "͎" }, article = "Whistled sibilant", }, { name = "Unaspirated", symbols = { "˭" }, article = "Tenuis consonant", }, { name = "Pre-aspiration", symbols = { "ʰp", "ʰt", "ʰʈ", "ʰc", "ʰk", "ʰq", "ʰn" }, article = "Preaspiration", }, -- NON-IPA { name = "Retroflex", symbols = { "̣", "̢" }, article = "Retroflex consonant", }, { name = "Prenasalized consonant", symbols = { "ᵐ", "ᶬ", "ⁿ̼d̼", "ᵐ̺b̺", "ⁿt", "ⁿd", "ⁿθ", "ⁿð", "ⁿs", "ⁿz", "ⁿʃ", "ⁿʒ", "ⁿɕ", "ⁿʑ", "ⁿr", "ⁿɬ", "ⁿɮ", "ⁿl", "ᶯ", "ᶮ", "ᵑ", "ᶰ" }, }, { name = "Pre-stopped consonant", symbols = { "ᵖ", "ᵇ", "ᵗ", "ᵈ", "𐞯", "𐞋", "ᶜ", "ᶡ", "ᵏ", "ᶢ", "𐞒", "𐞳" }, }, { name = "Post-stopped nasal", symbols = { "mᵇ", "nᵈ", "ɳ𐞋", "ɲᶡ", "ŋᶢ", "ɴ𐞒" }, }, { name = "Trilled affricate", symbols = { "ʳ", "𐞄", "𐞪", "tr̥", "dr" }, }, { name = "Sibilant", symbols = { "Ⓢ" }, }, } } for k, group in pairs(rawData) do for _, v in ipairs(group) do local t = { name = v.name, symbol = v.symbols[1], article = v.article or v.name, audio = v.audio or "" } for _, s in ipairs(v.symbols) do data[k][s] = t end end end return { data = data, rawData = rawData } g18rayirc6ef8ulwy6tj5v4edr1nhfc 148820 148819 2026-04-01T03:32:02Z FonzuHarp 16623 148820 Scribunto text/plain local data = { sounds = {}, diacritics = {}, univPatterns = { { pat = "g", -- Latin Small Letter G rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G }, { pat = "ᵍ", -- Modifier Letter Small G rep = "ᶢ" -- Modifier Letter Small Script G }, { pat = "l̴", -- 'l' + Combining Tilde Overlay rep = "ɫ" -- Latin Small Letter L with Middle Tilde }, { pat = "ˁ", -- Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop rep = "ˤ" -- Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop }, { pat = "’", -- Right Single Quotation Mark rep = "ʼ" -- Modifier Letter Apostrophe }, { pat = "ı", -- Latin Small Letter Dotless I rep = "i" -- Latin Small Letter I }, { pat = "ȷ", -- Latin Small Letter Dotless J rep = "j" -- Latin Small Letter J }, { pat = "ʇ", -- Latin Small Letter Turned T rep = "ǀ" -- Latin Letter Dental Click }, { pat = "[!ʗ]", -- Exclamation Mark / Latin Letter Stretched C rep = "ǃ" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click }, { pat = "𝼋", -- rep = "ǂ" -- }, { pat = "ψ", -- Greek Letter Psi rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook }, { pat = "‼", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2 rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook }, { pat = "‼", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2 rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook }, { pat = "ʖ", -- Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop rep = "ǁ" -- Latin Letter Lateral Click }, { pat = "ɋ", -- rep = "ʘ" -- }, { pat = "ꞵ", -- Latin Small Letter Beta rep = "β" -- Greek Small Letter Beta }, { pat = "γ", -- Greek Small Letter Gamma rep = "ɣ" -- Latin Small Letter Gamma }, { pat = "φ", -- Greek Small Letter Phi rep = "ɸ" -- Latin Small Letter Phi }, { pat = "ꭓ", -- Latin Small Letter Chi rep = "χ" -- Greek Small Letter Chi }, }, keyPatterns = { -- These do not affect the revese look for diacritics { pat = "[͜͡ːˑ◌]", -- Tie bars, length marks, dotted circle rep = "" }, { pat = "ᵏ", -- Modifier Letter Small K rep = "k" -- Latin Small Letter K }, { pat = "ᶢ", -- Modifier Letter Small Script G rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G }, { pat = "ᵑ", -- Modifier Letter Small Eng rep = "ŋ" -- Latin Small Letter Eng }, } } local rawData = { sounds = { -- PULMONIC CONSONANTS -- Nasals { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг двугубнӧй нос", symbols = { "m̥" }, audio = "Voiceless Bilabial Nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй нос", symbols = { "m" }, audio = "Bilabial nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental nasal", symbols = { "ɱ̊", "ɱ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental nasal", symbols = { "ɱ" }, audio = "Labiodental nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиоальвеолярнӧй нос", symbols = { "m͇" }, audio = "Voiced labioalveolar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial nasal", symbols = { "m̼̊" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial nasal", symbols = { "m̼" }, audio = "Linguolabial nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental nasal", symbols = { "n̪̊" } }, { name = "Voiced dental nasal", symbols = { "n̪" }, audio = "Voiced Dental Nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг альвеолярнӧй нос", symbols = { "n̥" }, audio = "Voiceless Alveolar Nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй нос", symbols = { "n" }, audio = "Alveolar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar nasal", symbols = { "n̠̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar nasal", symbols = { "n̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex nasal", symbols = { "ɳ̊", "ɳ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex nasal.wav" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex nasal", symbols = { "ɳ" }, audio = "Retroflex nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ̊˖", "ɲ̟̊", "ȵ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ˖", "ɲ̟", "ȵ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ̊", "ɲ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ" }, audio = "Palatal nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсуйтӧма пост-палаталнӧй нос", symbols = { "ɲ˗", "ɲ̠", "ɲ᫢", "ŋ˖", "ŋ᫈", "ŋ̟" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velar nasal", symbols = { "ŋ̊", "ŋ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless velar nasal.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс велар нос", symbols = { "ŋ" }, audio = "Velar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular nasal", symbols = { "ɴ̟", "ŋ˗", "ŋ᫢", "ŋ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular nasal", symbols = { "ɴ̥", "ɴ̊" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн увулярнӧй нос", symbols = { "ɴ" }, audio = "Uvular nasal.ogg" }, -- Nareals { name = "Voiceless labiodental nareal", symbols = { "ɱ̥̾" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental nasal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental nareal", symbols = { "ɱ̾" }, }, -- Plosives { name = "Voiceless bilabial plosive", symbols = { "p" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй плозив", symbols = { "b" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental plosive", symbols = { "p̪" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental plosive.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиодентальнӧй плозив", symbols = { "b̪" }, audio = "Voiced labiodental plosive.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лингволабиальнӧй плозив", symbols = { "p̼" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial plosive", symbols = { "b̼" }, audio = "Voiced linguolabial stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм зумыд плозивнӧй", symbols = { "t̪" }, audio = "Voiceless dental stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс дентал плозивнӧй", symbols = { "d̪" }, audio = "Voiced dental stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг альвеолярнӧй плозивнӧй", symbols = { "t" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй плозивнӧй", symbols = { "d" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Назальнӧй лэдзӧм гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй плозив", symbols = { "dⁿ" }, article = "Назальнӧй лэдзны (фонетика)", }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar plosive", symbols = { "t̠" }, audio = "Voiceless postalveolar stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar plosive", symbols = { "d̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм ретрофлекснӧй плозив", symbols = { "ʈ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex stop.oga" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex plosive", symbols = { "ɖ" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex stop.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive", symbols = { "c̟", "ȶ" }, audio = "IPA sound - ȶ.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive", symbols = { "ɟ˖", "ɟ᫈", "ɟ̟", "ȡ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal plosive", symbols = { "c" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal plosive", symbols = { "ɟ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar plosive", symbols = { "c̠", "k̟" }, article = "Voiceless post-palatal plosive" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar plosive", symbols = { "ɟ᫢", "ɟ̠", "ɡ˖", "ɡ᫈", "ɡ̟" }, article = "Voiced post-palatal plosive" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм велярнӧй плозив", symbols = { "k" }, audio = "Voiceless velar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс велярнӧй плозив", symbols = { "ɡ" }, audio = "Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular plosive", symbols = { "q˖", "q᫈", "q̟", "k̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular plosive", symbols = { "ɢ̟", "ɡ˗", "ɡ᫢", "ɡ̠" }, audio = "Voiced velar-uvular plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular plosive", symbols = { "q" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн увулярнӧй плозив", symbols = { "ɢ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular stop.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless post-uvular plosive", symbols = { "q˗", "q᫢" }, }, { name = "Voiced post-uvular plosive", symbols = { "ɢ̠" }, }, { name = "Безголоснӧй глоточнӧй плозив", symbols = { "ꞯ", "ʡ̟" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive", symbols = { "𝼂", "ʡ̟̬" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless epiglottal plosive", symbols = { "ʡ" }, audio = "Epiglottal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless glottal stop", symbols = { "ʔ" }, audio = "Glottal stop.ogg" }, -- Affricates { name = "Voiceless bilabial affricate", symbols = { "pɸ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс билабиалнӧй несибилянтнӧй аффрикат", symbols = { "bβ" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial affricate.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless bilabial trilled affricate", symbols = { "pʙ̥" }, article = "Voiceless bilabial trill#Prestopped trills and stops with trill release" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial trilled affricate", symbols = { "bʙ" }, article = "Voiced bilabial trill#Prestopped trills and stops with trill release" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental affricate", symbols = { "p̪f", "pf" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиодентальнӧй несибильнӧй аффрикат", symbols = { "b̪v", "bv" }, audio = "Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental sibilant affricate", symbols = { "t̪s̪", "ts̪", "t̟s̟", "ts̟" }, audio = "Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiced dental sibilant affricate", symbols = { "d̪z̪", "dz̪", "d̟z̟", "dz̟" }, audio = "Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless dental affricate", symbols = { "t̪θ", "t̟θ", "tθ" }, audio = "Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiced dental affricate", symbols = { "d̪ð", "d̟ð", "dð" }, audio = "Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм альвеолярнӧй сибилантнӧй аффриката", symbols = { "ts", "ʦ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar affricate", symbols = { "dz", "ʣ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate", symbols = { "t̺s̺", "ts̺", "t̠s̠", "ts̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced apico-alveolar affricate", symbols = { "d̺z̺", "dz̺", "d̠z̠", "dz̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "tɹ̝̊", "tɹ̥", "tθ̠", "tθ͇" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "dɹ̝", "dɹ", "dð̠", "dð͇" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate", symbols = { "t̻˗ʃ", "tʃ", "ʧ" }, audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсом небӧго-альвеолярнӧй сибилантнӧй аффриката", symbols = { "d̻˗ʒ", "dʒ", "ʤ" }, audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "t̠ɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̠̊", "tɹ̠̊" }, audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "d̠ɹ̠˔", "d̠ɹ̠᷵", "dɹ̠˔", "dɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̠", "dɹ̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex affricate", symbols = { "ʈʂ", "tʂ", "ꭧ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex affricate", symbols = { "ɖʐ", "dʐ", "ꭦ" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "dɻ˔", "ɖɻ᷵", "d̠ɻ̝", "ɖɻ˔" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate", symbols = { "ȶɕ", "tɕ", "cɕ", "t̠ʃʲ", "tʃʲ", "t̠s̠ʲ", "ʨ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate", symbols = { "ȡʑ", "dʑ", "ɟʑ", "d̠ʒʲ", "dʒʲ", "d̠z̠ʲ", "ʥ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal affricate", symbols = { "cç" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal affricate", symbols = { "ɟʝ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar affricate", symbols = { "c̠ç˗", "cç˗", "c̠ç̠", "cç̠", "k̟x̟", "kx̟" }, article = "Voiceless post-palatal affricate" }, { name = "Voiceless velar affricate", symbols = { "kx" }, audio = "Voiceless velar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar affricate", symbols = { "ɡɣ" }, audio = "Voiced velar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular affricate", symbols = { "q˖χ˖", "qχ˖", "q̟χ̟", "qχ̟", "k̠x̠", "kx̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular affricate", symbols = { "qχ" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular affricate", symbols = { "ɢʁ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pharyngeal affricate", symbols = { "ꞯħ" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal affricate", symbols = { "𝼂ʕ" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate", symbols = { "ʡʜ" }, audio = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн эпиглотальнӧй несибильнӧй аффриката", symbols = { "ʡ̬ʢ", "ʡʢ" }, audio = "Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм глотальнӧй несибилянтнӧй аффриката", symbols = { "ʔh" }, audio = "Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg" }, -- Fricatives { name = "Voiceless bilabial fricative", symbols = { "ɸ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial fricative", symbols = { "β" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лабиодентальнӧй несбилянтнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "f" }, audio = "Voiceless labio-dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лабиодентальнӧй сибилантнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "fⓈ" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиодентальнӧй несибильнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "v" }, audio = "Voiced labio-dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial sibilant fricative", symbols = { "s̼" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial fricative", symbols = { "f̼" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial fricative", symbols = { "v̼" }, audio = "Voiced linguolabial fricative.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless dental fricative", symbols = { "θ" }, audio = "Voiceless dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced dental fricative", symbols = { "ð" }, audio = "Voiced dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental sibilant fricative", symbols = { "s̪" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental sibilant fricative", symbols = { "z̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s̻̪", "s̪̻", "s̻͆", "s̟" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй сибилантнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "z" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s̺" }, }, { name = "Voiced apico-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "z̺" }, }, { name = "Voiceless post-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s̠" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "z̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "θ̠", "θ͇", "t̞", "ɹ̝̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ð̠", "ð͇", "d̞", "ɹ̝" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative", symbols = { "ɾ̞̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar tapped fricative", symbols = { "ɾ̞" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "ʃ" }, audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palato-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "ʒ" }, audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɹ̠̊˔", "ɹ̝̊˗" }, audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɹ̠˔", "ɹ̠᷵", "ɹ̝˗" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex fricative", symbols = { "ʂ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex fricative", symbols = { "ʐ" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɻ̝̊", "ɻ̊˔", "ʈ̞", "ʈ˕" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɻ̝", "ɻ˔", "ɻ᷵", "ɖ̞", "ɖ˕" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative", symbols = { "ɕ", "ʃʲ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн альвеоло-пальтальнӧй сибилантнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "ʑ", "ʒʲ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal fricative", symbols = { "ç" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн палаталнӧй несибилянтнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "ʝ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar fricative", symbols = { "ç˗", "ç̠", "ç᫢", "x̟" }, article = "Voiceless post-palatal fricative", audio = "Voiceless post-palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar fricative", symbols = { "ʝ᫢", "ʝ̠", "ɣ᫈", "ɣ̟" }, article = "Voiced post-palatal fricative", audio = "Voiced post-palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless velar fricative", symbols = { "x" }, audio = "Voiceless velar fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless velar sibilant fricative", symbols = { "xⓈ" }, audio = "Voiceless velar sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн велярнӧй несбилянтнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "ɣ", "ɡ̞", "ɡ᫛", "ɡ˕" }, audio = "Voiced velar fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative", symbols = { "χ˖", "χ̟", "x̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative", symbols = { "ʁ̟", "ɣ˗", "ɣ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular fricative", symbols = { "χ" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular fricative", symbols = { "ʁ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative", symbols = { "ħ" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative", symbols = { "ʕ" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless glottal fricative", symbols = { "h" }, audio = "Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс глотальнӧй несибилянтнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "ɦ" }, audio = "Voiced glottal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless bidental fricative", symbols = { "h̪͆" }, audio = "Voiceless bidental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dentolabial fricative", symbols = { "f͆" }, audio = "Voiceless dentolabial fricative.ogg" }, -- Nasal fricatives { name = "Nasalized voiceless glottal fricative", symbols = { "h̃" }, audio = "IPA h̃.ogg" }, { name = "Nasalized voiced glottal fricative", symbols = { "ɦ̃" }, }, -- Approximants { name = "Voiced bilabial approximant", symbols = { "β̞" }, audio = "Bilabial approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental approximant", symbols = { "ʋ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental approximant", symbols = { "ʋ" }, audio = "Labiodental approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced dental approximant", symbols = { "ð̞", "ɹ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ" }, audio = "Alveolar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced laminal alveolar approximant", symbols = { "z̞", "ð̠˕", "ɹ̻" }, }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̠̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̠" }, audio = "Postalveolar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм ретрофлекс несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "ɻ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex approximant", symbols = { "ɻ" }, audio = "Retroflex Approximant2.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal approximant", symbols = { "j̊", "ç˕", "ç̞"}, audio = "Voiceless palatal approximant.wav" }, { name = "Voiced palatal approximant", symbols = { "j", "ʝ˕", "ʝ̞" }, audio = "Palatal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar approximant", symbols = { "j᫢", "j̠", "j˗", "ʝ̞˗", "ʝ̞᫢", "ɰ̈", "ɰ̟", "ɰ˖", "ɣ̞˖", "ɣ̞᫈" }, article = "Voiced post-palatal approximant", audio = "Post-palatal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Protruded post-palatal or pre-velar approximant", symbols = { "j˗ʷ", "j᫢ʷ", "j̈ʷ", "ɥ̫̈", "ẅ", "w̟" }, audio = "Voiced labialized post-palatal approximant.ogg", article = "Protruded post-palatal approximant" }, { name = "Compressed post-palatal or pre-velar approximant", symbols = { "ɥ̈", "ɥ˗", "ɥ᫢", "j̈ᵝ", "j˗ᵝ", "j᫢ᵝ" }, article = "Compressed post-palatal approximant" }, { name = "Voiced velar approximant", symbols = { "ɰ", "ɣ˕", "ɣ᫛", "ɣ̞" }, audio = "Voiced velar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar bunched approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̈ "}, }, { name = "Voiced uvular approximant", symbols = { "ʁ̞" }, audio = "Voiced Uvular Approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн глоточнӧй несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "ʕ̞" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal approximant", symbols = { "ʢ̞", "ʕ̞˗" }, audio = "Voiced epiglottal trill.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм глотальнӧй приближение", symbols = { "h̞" }, audio = "Voiceless glottal approximant.wav" }, { name = "Voiced glottal approximant", symbols = { "ɦ̞" }, audio = "Breathy-voiced glottal approximant.ogg" }, -- Nasal approximants { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг палаталнӧй несбилянтнӧй носовӧй приближение", symbols = { "j̥̃" }, }, { name = "Nasalized voiced palatal approximant", symbols = { "j̃" }, audio = "Nasal palatal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Nasalized voiced velar approximant", symbols = { "ɰ̃", "ɣ̞̃", "ɣ̃˕" }, audio = "Nasal velar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Nasalized voiced labial–velar approximant", symbols = { "w̃" }, audio = "Voiced labialized velar nasal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн глотальнӧй несибилантнӧй ныр приближение", symbols = { "h̞̃" }, }, { name = "Nasalized voiced glottal approximant", symbols = { "ɦ̞̃" }, }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal non-sibilant nasal approximant", symbols = { "ʕ̞̃" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal nasal approximant.ogg" }, -- Taps/flaps { name = "Voiceless bilabial flap", symbols = { "p̆" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй лопатка", symbols = { "b̆", "b̮" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial flap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental flap", symbols = { "ⱱ" }, audio = "Labiodental tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̪̊" }, article = "Voiceless dental tap" }, { name = "Voiced dental tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̪" }, article = "Dental tap", }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̥", "t̆", "t̮" }, article = "Voiceless alveolar tap", audio = "Voiceless alveolar tap.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй моновибрант", symbols = { "ɾ", "d̆", "d̮" }, audio = "Alveolar tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar flap", symbols = { "ɾ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex flap", symbols = { "ɽ̊", "ʈ̆" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex tap.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн ретрофлекс моновибрант", symbols = { "ɽ", "ɖ̆" }, audio = "Retroflex flap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal flap", symbols = { "c̆" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal flap", symbols = { "ɟ̆" }, audio = "Voiced palatal tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless velar flap", symbols = { "k̮" }, audio = "Voiceless velar tap.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс велар моновибрант", symbols = { "ɡ̆" }, audio = "Voiced velar tap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced uvular tap or flap", symbols = { "ɢ̆", "ʀ̆" }, article = "Voiced uvular tap and flap", audio = "Voiced uvular tap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal tap or flap", symbols = { "𝼂̆" }, audio = "Pharyngeal flap.oga" }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal tap", symbols = { "ʡ̆", "ʡ̮" }, audio = "Epiglottal flap.oga" }, -- Nasal flaps { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй ныр моновибрант", symbols = { "m̆" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar nasal tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̃", "n̆" }, article = "Alveolar nasal tap", }, { name = "Voiced retroflex nasal flap", symbols = { "ɽ̃", "ɳ̆" }, }, -- Trills { name = "Voiceless bilabial trill", symbols = { "ʙ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless bilabial aspirated trill", symbols = { "ʙ̥ʰ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial trill", symbols = { "ʙ" }, audio = "Bilabial trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiolingual trill", symbols = { "ʙ̼̊" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial trill.wav" }, { name = "Voiced labiolingual trill", symbols = { "ʙ̼" }, audio = "Voiced linguolabial trill.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless dental trill", symbols = { "r̪̊" } }, { name = "Voiced dental trill", symbols = { "r̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar trill", symbols = { "r̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн альвеолярнӧй трилль", symbols = { "r" }, audio = "Alveolar trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar trill", symbols = { "r̠̊" } }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar trill", symbols = { "r̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex trill", symbols = { "ɽ̊r̥", "ɽr̥" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex trill", symbols = { "ɽr" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex trill.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс велар триль", symbols = { "ʀ᫊", "ʀ̟˖" }, audio = "Voiced velar trill (2025-12-05).wav" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular trill", symbols = { "ʀ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular trill", symbols = { "ʀ" }, audio = "Uvular trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless epiglottal trill", symbols = { "ʜ" }, audio = "Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal trill", symbols = { "ʢ" }, audio = "Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg" }, -- Fricative trills { name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative trill", symbols = { "r̝̊" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar raised non-sonorant trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar fricative trill", symbols = { "r̝" }, audio = "Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝̊˖", "ʀ̟̊˔" }, }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝˖", "ʀ̟˔" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝̊" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝" }, audio = "Voiced uvular fricative trill.wav" }, -- Lateral affricates { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate", symbols = { "tɬ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate", symbols = { "dɮ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate", symbols = { "ʈɭ̊˔", "tɭ̊˔", "ʈɭ̊", "tɭ̊", "ʈꞎ", "tꞎ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral affricate", symbols = { "ɖɭ˔", "dɭ˔", "ɖɭ", "dɭ", "ɖ𝼅", "d𝼅" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate", symbols = { "cʎ̝̊", "cʎ̥", "c𝼆", "t𝼆" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal lateral affricate", symbols = { "ɟʎ̝", "ɟʎ", "ɟ𝼆̬", "d𝼆̬" }, audio = "Voiced palatal lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal lateral affricate", symbols = { "c𝼆˗" }, article = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate" }, { name = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate", symbols = { "kʟ̝̊", "kʟ̥", "k𝼄" }, audio = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral affricate", symbols = { "ɡʟ̝", "ɡʟ", "ɡ𝼄̬" }, audio = "Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg" }, -- Lateral fricatives { name = "Voiceless dental lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɬ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɮ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɬ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɮ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɬ̠" } }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɮ̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɭ̊˔", "ꞎ"}, audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɭ˔", "𝼅" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral fricative.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʎ̝̊˖", "ȴ̊˔" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʎ̝̊", "𝼆" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн палатал латерал фрикативнӧй", symbols = { "ʎ̝", "𝼆̬" }, audio = "ʎ̝ IPA sound.opus" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "𝼆̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʎ̝˗", "ʟ̟᷵" }, article = "Voiced pre-velar lateral fricative" }, { name = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʟ̝̊", "𝼄" }, audio = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʟ̝", "𝼄̬" }, audio = "Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg" }, -- Lateral approximants { name = "Voiceless dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̪̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̪" }, audio = "Voiced dental lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг альвеолярнӧй несибилянтнӧй бокӧвӧй приближение", symbols = { "l̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй бокӧвӧй несибилантнӧй приближение", symbols = { "l" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɭ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɭ" }, audio = "Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсуйтӧма альвеоло-палаталнӧй бокӧвӧй несибилянтнӧй приблизительнӧй", symbols = { "ʎ̟", "ȴ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʎ̥" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн палатал латерал апроксимант", symbols = { "ʎ" }, audio = "Palatal lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсуйтӧм бӧрын небӧг бокӧвӧй приближение", symbols = { "ʎ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velar lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʟ̥" }, }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʟ" }, audio = "Velar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʟ̠" }, audio = "Uvular lateral approximant.ogg" }, -- Lateral taps/flaps { name = "Voiced linguolabial lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̼" } }, { name = "Voiced dental lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̪" } }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral flap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ", "l̆"}, audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral flap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral flap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral flap", symbols = { "ɭ̥̆", "𝼈̊", "𝼈̥" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral flap.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн ретрофлекс бокӧвӧй моновибрант", symbols = { "ɭ̆", "𝼈", "𝼈 (ɺ̢)" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral flap (correct).wav" }, { name = "Voiced palatal lateral flap", symbols = { "ʎ̆", "ʎ̮" }, audio = "Voiced palatal lateral flap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral tap", symbols = { "ʟ̆" }, audio = "Voiced velar lateral tap.wav" }, -- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS -- Ejective stops { name = "Bilabial ejective stop", symbols = { "pʼ" }, audio = "Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial ejective stop", symbols = { "p̼ʼ" }, audio = "Linguolabial ejective stop.ogg", }, { name = "Dental ejective stop", symbols = { "t̪ʼ" }, audio = "Dental ejective stop.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolar ejective stop", symbols = { "tʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Retroflex ejective stop", symbols = { "ʈʼ" }, audio = "Retroflex ejective.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal ejective stop", symbols = { "ȶʼ" }, audio = "Alveolo-palatal ejective stop.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal ejective stop", symbols = { "cʼ" }, audio = "Palatal ejective.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм эжективнӧй велярнӧй стоп", symbols = { "kʼ" }, audio = "Velar ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-velar ejective stop", symbols = { "k̠ʼ" }, audio = "Post-velar ejective stop.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular ejective stop", symbols = { "qʼ" }, audio = "Uvular ejective plosive.ogg" }, -- Ejective affricates { name = "Labiodental ejective affricate", symbols = { "p̪fʼ" }, }, { name = "Dental ejective affricate", symbols = { "t̪θʼ", "t̟θʼ", "tθʼ" }, audio = "Dental ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolar ejective affricate", symbols = { "tsʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Postalveolar ejective affricate", symbols = { "t̠ʃʼ", "tʃʼ" }, audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Retroflex ejective affricate", symbols = { "ʈʂʼ", "tʂʼ" }, audio = "Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate", symbols = { "t̠ɕʼ", "tɕʼ", "t̠ʃʲʼ", "tʃʲʼ", "t̠s̠ʲʼ", "cɕʼ" }, }, { name = "Palatal ejective affricate", symbols = { "cçʼ" }, audio = "Palatal ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Velar ejective affricate", symbols = { "kxʼ" }, audio = "Velar ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular ejective affricate", symbols = { "qχʼ" }, audio = "Uvular ejective affricate.ogg" }, -- Ejective fricatives { name = "Bilabial ejective fricative", symbols = { "ɸʼ" }, audio = "Bilabial ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Labiodental ejective fricative", symbols = { "fʼ" }, audio = "Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Эжективнӧй лабиодентальнӧй сибилант фрикатив", symbols = { "fⓈʼ" }, }, { name = "Dental ejective fricative", symbols = { "θʼ" }, audio = "Dental ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolar ejective fricative", symbols = { "sʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-alveolar ejective fricative", symbols = { "s̠ʼ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar retracted ejective sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative", symbols = { "ʃʼ" }, audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Retroflex ejective fricative", symbols = { "ʂʼ" }, audio = "Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative", symbols = { "ɕʼ" , "ʃʲʼ", "s̠ʲʼ"}, audio = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal ejective fricative", symbols = { "çʼ" }, audio = "Palatal ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Velar ejective fricative", symbols = { "xʼ" }, audio = "Velar ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular ejective fricative", symbols = { "χʼ" }, audio = "Uvular ejective fricative.ogg" }, -- Lateral ejective affricates { name = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "tɬʼ", "ƛʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "cʎ̝̊ʼ", "cʎ̥ʼ", "c𝼆ʼ" }, audio = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Velar lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "kʟ̝̊ʼ", "kʟ̥ʼ", "k𝼄ʼ" }, audio = "Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "q𝼄ʼ", "q𝼄̠ʼ", "qʟ̝̊ʼ" }, }, -- Lateral ejective fricatives { name = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative", symbols = { "ɬʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg" }, -- Ejective trills { name = "Ejective trill", symbols = { "ʙ̥ʼ", "ʙ̼̊ʼ", "r̪̊ʼ", "r̥ʼ", "r̠̊ʼ", "ɽr̥ʼ", "ʀ᫊̊ʼ", "ʀ̥ʼ" }, article = "Ejective consonant" }, -- Tenuis clicks { name = "Tenuis bilabial click", symbols = { "ʘ", "kʘ" }, audio = "Clic bilabial sourd.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis dental click", symbols = { "ǀ", "kǀ" }, audio = "Dental click.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis alveolar click", symbols = { "ǃ", "kǃ" }, audio = "Postalveolar click.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis palatal click", symbols = { "ǂ", "kǂ" }, audio = "Palatoalveolar click.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis retroflex click", symbols = { "𝼊", "k𝼊" }, audio = "Retrflx click.wav" }, { name = "Back-released click", symbols = { "ʞ" }, }, -- Voiced clicks { name = "Voiced bilabial click", symbols = { "ʘ̬", "ɡʘ" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental click", symbols = { "ǀ̬", "ɡǀ" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar click", symbols = { "ǃ̬", "ɡǃ" }, }, { name = "Voiced palatal click", symbols = { "ǂ̬", "ɡǂ" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex click", symbols = { "𝼊̬", "ɡ𝼊" }, }, -- Nasal clicks { name = "Bilabial nasal click", symbols = { "ʘ̃", "ŋʘ", "ⁿʘ" }, audio = "Bilabial nasal click.ogg" }, { name = "Dental nasal click", symbols = { "ǀ̃", "ŋǀ", "ⁿǀ", "ŋǀʱ" }, }, { name = "Alveolar nasal click", symbols = { "ǃ̃", "ŋǃ", "ⁿǃ" }, audio = "Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal nasal click", symbols = { "ǂ̃", "ŋǂ", "ⁿǂ" }, }, { name = "Retroflex nasal click", symbols = { "𝼊̃", "ŋ𝼊", "ⁿ𝼊" }, }, -- Lateral clicks { name = "Tenuis alveolar lateral click", symbols = { "ǁ", "kǁ" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral click.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral click", symbols = { "ǁ̬", "ɡǁ" }, }, -- Lateral nasal clicks { name = "Alveolar lateral nasal click", symbols = { "ǁ̃", "ŋǁ", "ⁿǁ" }, }, -- Glottalized clicks { name = "Glottalized bilabial nasal click", symbols = { "ʘ̃ˀ", "ʘˀ", "ŋ̊ʘˀ", "ŋʘˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized dental nasal click", symbols = { "ǀ̃ˀ", "ǀˀ", "ŋ̊ǀˀ", "ŋǀˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized alveolar nasal click", symbols = { "ǃ̃ˀ", "ǃˀ", "ŋ̊ǃˀ", "ŋǃˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized retroflex nasal click", symbols = { "𝼊̃ˀ", "𝼊ˀ", "ŋ𝼊ˀ", "ŋ̊𝼊ˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized palatal nasal click", symbols = { "ǂ̃ˀ", "ǂˀ", "ŋ̊ǂˀ", "ŋǂˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click", symbols = { "ǁ̃ˀ", "ǁˀ", "ŋ̊ǁˀ", "ŋǁˀ" }, }, -- Egressive clicks (for Damin) { name = "Egressive bilabial click", symbols = { "ʘ↑" }, }, -- Implosives { name = "Voiceless bilabial implosive", symbols = { "ɓ̥", "ƥ", "pʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-bilabial-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй имплозивнӧй", symbols = { "ɓ" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental implosive", symbols = { "ɓ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless dental implosive", symbols = { "ɗ̪̥", "ɗ̪̊", "ƭ̪", "t̪ʼ↓" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental implosive", symbols = { "ɗ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar implosive", symbols = { "ɗ̥", "ƭ", "tʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-alveolar-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй имплозионнӧй", symbols = { "ɗ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex implosive", symbols = { "ᶑ̊", "ᶑ̥", "𝼉", "ʈʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-retroflex-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced retroflex implosive", symbols = { "ᶑ" }, audio = "Voiced-retroflex-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiceless palatal implosive", symbols = { "ʄ̊", "ʄ̥", "ƈ", "cʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced palatal implosive", symbols = { "ʄ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar implosive", symbols = { "ʄ̠", "ʄ˗", "ɠ̟", "ɠ˖" }, audio = "Voiced post palatal and pre velar implosives.ogg", article = "Voiced pre-velar implosive" }, { name = "Voiceless velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠ̊", "ƙ", "kʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-velar-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠ" }, audio = "Voiced velar implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular implosive", symbols = { "ʛ̥", "ʠ", "qʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-uvular-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced uvular implosive", symbols = { "ʛ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pharyngeal implosive", symbols = { "ꞯʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal implosive.ogg", }, -- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS -- Co-articulated nasals { name = "Voiced labial–alveolar nasal", symbols = { "nm" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–retroflex nasal", symbols = { "ɳm" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–velar nasal", symbols = { "ŋm" }, audio = "Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсуйтӧма увулярнӧй ко лабиальнӧй нос", symbols = { "ɴm" }, }, -- Co-articulated plosives { name = "Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive", symbols = { "tp" }, audio = "Voiceless labial-alveolar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labial–alveolar plosive", symbols = { "db" }, }, { name = "Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive", symbols = { "ʈp" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–retroflex plosive", symbols = { "ɖb" }, }, { name = "Безголоснӧй велар ко лабиальнӧй плозив", symbols = { "kp" }, audio = "Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labial–velar plosive", symbols = { "ɡb" }, audio = "Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labial–uvular plosive", symbols = { "qp" }, audio = "Voiceless labial–uvular plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive", symbols = { "qʡ" }, }, -- Co-articulated implosives { name = "Voiceless labial–velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠ̊ɓ̥", "kɓ̥", "ƙƥ", "kpʼ↓", "kƥ" }, audio = "Voiceless-labial–velar-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced labial–velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠɓ", "ɡɓ" }, audio = "Voiced-labial-velar-implosive.ogg" }, -- Co-articulated ejectives { name = "Labial–alveolar ejective stop", symbols = { "tpʼ" }, }, -- Co-articulated continuants { name = "Voiceless labial–palatal fricative", symbols = { "ɥ̊˔", "ɥ̝̊", "çᶣ", "çᵝ", "çʷ" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лабиализируйтӧм небӧг несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "ɥ̊", "ç̞ʷ" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–palatal approximant", symbols = { "ɥ" }, audio = "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless labial–velar fricative", symbols = { "ʍ" }, audio = "Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лабиализируйтӧм велярнӧй несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "w̥", "ẘ", "ʍ̞" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиализируйтӧм велярнӧй несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "w", "ɰʷ", "ɣ̞ʷ", "ɣ᫛ʷ"}, audio = "Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Compressed voiced labial–velar approximant", symbols = { "wᵝ", "ɰᵝ", "ɣ̞ᵝ", "ɣ᫛ᵝ"}, article = "Voiced labial–velar approximant", }, { name = "Sj-sound", symbols = { "ɧ" }, audio = "Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg" }, -- Co-articulated lateral approximants { name = "Velarized dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɫ̪", "l̪ˠ" }, }, { name = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɫ", "lˠ" }, audio = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Pharyngealized dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̪ˤ" }, }, { name = "Pharyngealized alveolar lateral approximant", symbols = { "lˤ" }, }, -- VOWELS -- Close vowels { name = "Close front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "i" }, audio = "Close front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close front rounded vowel", symbols = { "y" }, audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close front compressed vowel", symbols = { "y͍", "iᵝ" }, audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close front protruded vowel", symbols = { "y̫", "yʷ", "iʷ", "y᫇" }, audio = "Close front protruded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɨ", "ï", "ï", "ɯ̈" }, audio = "Close central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Матысса сентрал гӧгрӧс гласнӧй", symbols = { "ʉ", "ü", "ü" }, audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close central protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʉ̫", "ʉʷ", "ɨʷ" }, audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close central compressed vowel", symbols = { "ÿ", "ɨᵝ" }, }, { name = "Матысса тылса неокругленнӧй гласнӧй", symbols = { "ɯ" }, audio = "Close back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close back rounded vowel", symbols = { "u" }, audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close back protruded vowel", symbols = { "u̫", "uʷ", "ɯʷ" }, audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close back compressed vowel", symbols = { "u͍", "ɯᵝ" }, audio = "Ja-U.oga" }, -- Near-close vowels { name = "Near-close front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ̟", "i̞", "e̝" }, }, { name = "Near-close front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̟", "y̞", "y˕", "ø̝" }, }, { name = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ", "i̽", "ï̞", "ë̝" }, audio = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ", "y̽", "ÿ̞", "ÿ˕", "ø̝̈" }, audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-front compressed vowel", symbols = { "ʏ͍", "ɪᵝ" }, audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-front protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̫", "ʏʷ", "ɪʷ" }, }, { name = "Near-close central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ̈", "ɪ̠", "ɨ̞", "ɘ̝" }, audio = "Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̈", "ʊ̟", "ʉ̞", "ɵ̝" }, audio = "Near-close central rounded vowel2.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close central protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̫̈", "ʉ̫˕", "ʊ̈ʷ", "ʉ̞ʷ", "ɪ̈ʷ", "ɨ̞ʷ" }, }, { name = "Near-close central compressed vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̈", "ɨ̞ᵝ" }, }, { name = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɯ̽", "ɯ̞̈", "ɤ̝̈" }, audio = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ", "u̽", "ü̞", "ö̝" }, audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-back protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̫", "ʊʷ", "ɯ̽ʷ", "ɤ̝̈ʷ", "u̫˕", "u̞ʷ", "ɯ̞ʷ", "ɤ̝ʷ" }, audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-back compressed vowel", symbols = { "ʊ͍", "ɯ̽ᵝ", "ɯ̞̈ᵝ", "ɯ̞ᵝ" }, }, { name = "Near-close back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɯ̞", "ɤ̝" }, }, { name = "Near-close back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̠", "u̞", "o̝" }, }, -- Close-mid vowels { name = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "e" }, audio = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ø" }, audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid front compressed vowel", symbols = { "ø͍", "eᵝ" }, audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid front protruded vowel", symbols = { "ø̫", "øʷ", "eʷ" }, }, { name = "Close-mid near-front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ̞", "e̠", "ɘ̟" }, }, { name = "Close-mid near-front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̞", "ø̠", "ɵ̟" }, }, { name = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɘ", "ë", "ɤ̈" }, audio = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɵ", "ɵ̫", "ɵʷ", "ö", "ɘʷ" }, audio = "Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid central compressed vowel", symbols = { "ø̈", "ɘᵝ" }, }, { name = "Close-mid near-back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɘ̠", "ɤ̟", "ɯ̞̽" }, }, { name = "Close-mid near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̞", "ɵ̠", "o̟" }, }, { name = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɤ" }, audio = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid back rounded vowel", symbols = { "o", "o̫", "oʷ", "ɤʷ" }, audio = "Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid back compressed vowel", symbols = { "o͍", "ɤᵝ" }, }, -- Mid vowels { name = "Шӧр фронт негӧгрӧс гласнӧй", symbols = { "e̞", "ɛ̝" }, audio = "Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ø̞", "œ̝" }, audio = "Mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid front compressed vowel", symbols = { "ø͍˕", "œ͍˔", "e̞ᵝ", "ɛ̝ᵝ" }, }, { name = "Mid front protruded vowel", symbols = { "ø̫˕", "œ̫˔", "ø̞ʷ", "œ̝ʷ", "e̞ʷ", "ɛ̝ʷ" }, }, { name = "Mid near-front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "e̽" }, }, { name = "Шӧр сентрал негӧгрӧстӧм гласнӧй", symbols = { "ə", "ɘ̞", "ɜ̝" }, audio = "Mid-central vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ə̹", "ɵ̞", "ɞ̝" }, audio = "Mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "o̽" }, audio = "Mid near-back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɤ̞", "ʌ̝" }, audio = "ɤ̞ IPA sound.opus" }, { name = "Mid back rounded vowel", symbols = { "o̞", "ɔ̝" }, audio = "Mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, -- Open-mid vowels { name = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɛ" , "æ̝"}, audio = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid front rounded vowel", symbols = { "œ" }, audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid front compressed vowel", symbols = { "œ͍", "ɛᵝ" }, audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid front protruded vowel", symbols = { "œ̫", "œʷ", "ɛʷ" }, }, { name = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɜ", "ɛ̈", "ʌ̈" }, audio = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Восьса шӧр сэнтрал гӧгрӧс гласнӧй", symbols = { "ɞ", "ɔ̈" }, audio = "Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ʌ" }, audio = "PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɔ" }, audio = "PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, -- Near-open vowels { name = "Орччӧн восьса воддза негӧгрӧс гласнӧй", symbols = { "æ", "ɛ̞", "a̝" }, audio = "Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-open front rounded vowel", symbols = { "œ̞", "ɶ̝" }, }, { name = "Near-open central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɐ", "ɜ̞" }, audio = "PR-near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-open central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɐ̹", "ɞ̞" }, audio = "Near-open central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-open near-back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɑ̽" }, }, { name = "Near-open near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɒ̽" }, }, { name = "Near-open back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ʌ̞", "ɑ̝" }, }, { name = "Near-open back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɔ̞", "ɒ̝" }, }, -- Open vowels { name = "Восьса воддза гӧгрӧстӧм гласнӧй", symbols = { "a", "æ̞" }, audio = "PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɶ" }, audio = "Open front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ä", "a̠", "ɑ̈", "ɑ̟" }, audio = "Open central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɒ̈", "ɒ̟", "ɶ̈", "ɶ̠" }, audio = "Open central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɑ" }, audio = "Open back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɒ" }, audio = "PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "R-colored vowel", symbols = { "ɚ", "ɝ", "ɹ̩", "ɻ̍" }, audio = "En-us-er.ogg" }, -- SUPRASEGMENTALS { name = "Primary stress", symbols = { "ˈ" }, article = "Stress (linguistics)", }, { name = "Secondary stress", symbols = { "ˌ" }, }, { name = "Minor (foot) group", symbols = { "|" }, article = "Prosodic unit", }, { name = "Major (intonation) group", symbols = { "‖" }, article = "Prosodic unit", }, { name = "Syllable break", symbols = { "." }, article = "Syllable", }, { name = "Linking (absence of a break)", symbols = { "‿" }, article = "Connected speech", }, -- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS { name = "Downstep", symbols = { "ꜜ" }, }, { name = "Upstep", symbols = { "ꜛ" }, }, { name = "Global rise", symbols = { "↗" }, article = "Intonation (linguistics)", }, { name = "Global fall", symbols = { "↘" }, article = "Intonation (linguistics)", }, -- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA) { name = "Bilabial percussive", symbols = { "ʬ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial percussive.wav" }, { name = "Bidental percussive", symbols = { "ʭ" }, audio = "Voiceless bidental percussive.wav" }, { name = "Velopharyngeal fricative", symbols = { "ʩ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velopharyngeal trill", symbols = { "𝼀", "ʩ𐞪" }, audio = "Voiceless Velopharyngeal Fricative Trill.ogg", article = "Velopharyngeal consonant" }, { name = "Voiced velopharyngeal trill", symbols = { "𝼀̬" }, article = "Velopharyngeal consonant" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative", symbols = { "ʪ" }, article = "Voiceless lateral-median fricative", audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral lisp fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative", symbols = { "ʫ" }, article = "Voiced lateral-median fricative", audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral lisp fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Ingressive airflow", symbols = { "↓" }, article = "Ingressive sound", }, { name = "Egressive airflow", symbols = { "↑" }, article = "Egressive sound", }, { name = "Apical r", symbols = { "ɹ̺" }, article = "Pronunciation of English /r/", }, { name = "Bunched r", symbols = { "ɹ̈" }, article = "Pronunciation of English /r/", }, { name = "Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive", symbols = { "¡" }, article = "Sublingual percussive", }, { name = "Percussive alveolar click", symbols = { "ǃ¡" }, audio = "Percussive alveolar click.ogg" }, { name = "Buccal interdental trill", symbols = { "ↀr̪͆" }, article = "Blowing a raspberry", }, -- NON-IPA { name = "Morphological boundary", symbols = { "#" }, article = "Word stem", }, { name = "Zero", symbols = { "∅" }, article = "Zero (linguistics)", }, }, diacritics = { -- DIACRITICS { name = "Voiceless", symbols = { "̥", "̊", "ḁ", "å", "ů", "ẙ" }, }, { name = "Voiced", symbols = { "̬" }, article = "Voice (phonetics)", }, { name = "Aspirated", symbols = { "ʰ" }, article = "Aspirated consonant", }, { name = "More rounded", symbols = { "̹", "͗", "˒" }, article = "Roundedness", }, { name = "Less rounded", symbols = { "̜", "͑", "˓", "͍" }, article = "Roundedness", }, { name = "Advanced", symbols = { "̟", "᫈", "˖", "᫊", "᫉" }, article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted", }, { name = "Retracted", symbols = { "̠", "˗" }, article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted", }, { name = "Centralized", symbols = { "̈" }, article = "Relative articulation#Centralized vowels", }, { name = "Mid-centralized", symbols = { "̽" }, article = "Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel", }, { name = "Affricate joiner or group articulation", symbols = { "͡", "͜" }, article = "Articulation#Joiners", }, { name = "Syllabic", symbols = { "̩", "̍" }, article = "Syllabic consonant", }, { name = "Non-syllabic", symbols = { "̯", "̑" }, article = "Semivowel", }, { name = "Rhoticity", symbols = { "˞" }, article = "R-colored vowel", audio = "En-us-er.ogg" }, { name = "Breathy voiced", symbols = { "̤", "ṳ", "ʱ" }, article = "Breathy voice", }, { name = "Creaky voiced", symbols = { "̰", "ḛ", "ḭ", "ṵ" }, article = "Creaky voice", }, { name = "Linguolabial", symbols = { "̼" }, article = "Linguolabial consonant", }, { name = "Лабиализируйтӧм", symbols = { "ʷ", "̫" }, article = "Лабиализация (фонетика)", }, { name = "Palatalized", symbols = { "ʲ" }, article = "Palatalization (phonetics)", }, { name = "Velarized", symbols = { "ˠ" }, article = "Velarization", }, { name = "Uvularized", symbols = { "ʶ", "ᵡ" }, article = "Uvularization", }, { name = "Pharyngealized", symbols = { "ˤ", "ᵸ" }, article = "Pharyngealization", }, { name = "Velarized or pharyngealized", symbols = { "̴", "ᵯ", "ᵰ", "ᵱ", "ᵬ", "ᵮ", "ᵵ", "ᵭ", "ᵴ", "ᵶ", "ᵳ", "ᵲ", "ꭨ" }, article = "Pharyngealization", }, { name = "Epiglottalized", symbols = { "𐞴" }, article = "Pharyngealization", }, { name = "Raised", symbols = { "̝", "˔" }, article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered", }, { name = "Lowered", symbols = { "̞", "᫛", "˕" }, article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered", }, { name = "Advanced tongue root", symbols = { "̘", "᫠", "꭪" }, }, { name = "Retracted tongue root", symbols = { "̙", "᫡", "꭫" }, }, { name = "Dental", symbols = { "̪", "͆" }, article = "Dental consonant", }, { name = "Apical", symbols = { "̺" }, article = "Apical consonant", }, { name = "Laminal", symbols = { "̻" }, article = "Laminal consonant", }, { name = "Nasalized", symbols = { "̃", "ṽ" }, article = "Nasalization", }, { name = "Nasal vowel", symbols = { "ĩ", "ỹ", "ɨ̃", "ʉ̃", "ɯ̃", "ũ", "ɪ̃", "ʏ̃", "ʊ̃", "ẽ", "ø̃", "ɘ̃", "ɵ̃", "ɤ̃", "õ", "ə̃", "ɛ̃", "œ̃", "ɜ̃", "ɞ̃", "ʌ̃", "ɔ̃", "æ̃", "ɐ̃", "ã", "ɶ̃", "ä̃", "ɑ̃", "ɒ̃" }, }, { name = "Nasal release", symbols = { "ⁿ" }, }, { name = "Lateral release", symbols = { "ˡ" }, article = "Lateral release (phonetics)", }, { name = "Некутшӧм лэдзӧм", symbols = { "̚" }, article = "Некутшӧм лэдзӧм (фонетика)", }, { name = "Ejective", symbols = { "ʼ" }, article = "Ejective consonant", }, { name = "Glottalized", symbols = { "ˀ" }, article = "Glottalization", }, { name = "Labio-palatalized", symbols = { "ᶣ" }, article = "Labio-palatalization", }, { name = "Buccal speech", symbols = { "ↀ" }, }, { name = "Esophageal speech", symbols = { "Œ" }, }, { name = "Electrolaryngeal speech", symbols = { "И" }, }, { name = "Tracheo-esophageal speech", symbols = { "Ю" }, }, -- SUPRASEGMENTALS { name = "Long", symbols = { "ː" }, article = "Length (phonetics)", }, { name = "Half-long", symbols = { "ˑ" }, article = "Length (phonetics)", }, { name = "Extra-short", symbols = { "̆", "̮", "ŏ", "ӗ", "ă", "ĭ", "ŭ" }, article = "Extra-shortness", }, -- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS { name = "Accent", symbols = { "̋", "ű", "ӳ", "ő", "́", "í", "ý", "ú", "é", "ǿ", "ó", "ǽ", "á", "̄", "ī", "ȳ", "ū", "ē", "ō", "ǣ", "ā", "̀", "ì", "ỳ", "ù", "è", "ò", "à", "̏", "ȉ", "ȕ", "ȅ", "ȍ", "ȁ" }, article = "Pitch-accent language", }, { name = "Tone", symbols = { "̌", "̂", "᷄", "᷅", "᷇", "᷆", "᷈", "᷉", "˥", "˦", "˧", "˨", "˩" }, article = "Tone (linguistics)", }, -- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA) { name = "Alveolar", symbols = { "͇" }, article = "Alveolar consonant", }, { name = "Strong articulation", symbols = { "͈", "̎" }, article = "Fortis and lenis", }, { name = "Weak articulation", symbols = { "͉", "᷂" }, article = "Fortis and lenis", }, { name = "Denasalized", symbols = { "͊" }, article = "Denasalization", }, { name = "Velopharyngeal friction", symbols = { "͌", "𐞐" }, article = "Velopharyngeal consonant", }, { name = "Whistled articulation", symbols = { "͎" }, article = "Whistled sibilant", }, { name = "Unaspirated", symbols = { "˭" }, article = "Tenuis consonant", }, { name = "Pre-aspiration", symbols = { "ʰp", "ʰt", "ʰʈ", "ʰc", "ʰk", "ʰq", "ʰn" }, article = "Preaspiration", }, -- NON-IPA { name = "Retroflex", symbols = { "̣", "̢" }, article = "Retroflex consonant", }, { name = "Prenasalized consonant", symbols = { "ᵐ", "ᶬ", "ⁿ̼d̼", "ᵐ̺b̺", "ⁿt", "ⁿd", "ⁿθ", "ⁿð", "ⁿs", "ⁿz", "ⁿʃ", "ⁿʒ", "ⁿɕ", "ⁿʑ", "ⁿr", "ⁿɬ", "ⁿɮ", "ⁿl", "ᶯ", "ᶮ", "ᵑ", "ᶰ" }, }, { name = "Pre-stopped consonant", symbols = { "ᵖ", "ᵇ", "ᵗ", "ᵈ", "𐞯", "𐞋", "ᶜ", "ᶡ", "ᵏ", "ᶢ", "𐞒", "𐞳" }, }, { name = "Post-stopped nasal", symbols = { "mᵇ", "nᵈ", "ɳ𐞋", "ɲᶡ", "ŋᶢ", "ɴ𐞒" }, }, { name = "Trilled affricate", symbols = { "ʳ", "𐞄", "𐞪", "tr̥", "dr" }, }, { name = "Sibilant", symbols = { "Ⓢ" }, }, } } for k, group in pairs(rawData) do for _, v in ipairs(group) do local t = { name = v.name, symbol = v.symbols[1], article = v.article or v.name, audio = v.audio or "" } for _, s in ipairs(v.symbols) do data[k][s] = t end end end return { data = data, rawData = rawData } imyu2tqrapwlimunp6pz27jj13fw8fj 148821 148820 2026-04-01T03:33:21Z FonzuHarp 16623 148821 Scribunto text/plain local data = { sounds = {}, diacritics = {}, univPatterns = { { pat = "g", -- Latin Small Letter G rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G }, { pat = "ᵍ", -- Modifier Letter Small G rep = "ᶢ" -- Modifier Letter Small Script G }, { pat = "l̴", -- 'l' + Combining Tilde Overlay rep = "ɫ" -- Latin Small Letter L with Middle Tilde }, { pat = "ˁ", -- Modifier Letter Reversed Glottal Stop rep = "ˤ" -- Modifier Letter Small Reversed Glottal Stop }, { pat = "’", -- Right Single Quotation Mark rep = "ʼ" -- Modifier Letter Apostrophe }, { pat = "ı", -- Latin Small Letter Dotless I rep = "i" -- Latin Small Letter I }, { pat = "ȷ", -- Latin Small Letter Dotless J rep = "j" -- Latin Small Letter J }, { pat = "ʇ", -- Latin Small Letter Turned T rep = "ǀ" -- Latin Letter Dental Click }, { pat = "[!ʗ]", -- Exclamation Mark / Latin Letter Stretched C rep = "ǃ" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click }, { pat = "𝼋", -- rep = "ǂ" -- }, { pat = "ψ", -- Greek Letter Psi rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook }, { pat = "‼", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2 rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook }, { pat = "‼", -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click x 2 rep = "𝼊" -- Latin Letter Retroflex Click With Retroflex Hook }, { pat = "ʖ", -- Latin Letter Inverted Glottal Stop rep = "ǁ" -- Latin Letter Lateral Click }, { pat = "ɋ", -- rep = "ʘ" -- }, { pat = "ꞵ", -- Latin Small Letter Beta rep = "β" -- Greek Small Letter Beta }, { pat = "γ", -- Greek Small Letter Gamma rep = "ɣ" -- Latin Small Letter Gamma }, { pat = "φ", -- Greek Small Letter Phi rep = "ɸ" -- Latin Small Letter Phi }, { pat = "ꭓ", -- Latin Small Letter Chi rep = "χ" -- Greek Small Letter Chi }, }, keyPatterns = { -- These do not affect the revese look for diacritics { pat = "[͜͡ːˑ◌]", -- Tie bars, length marks, dotted circle rep = "" }, { pat = "ᵏ", -- Modifier Letter Small K rep = "k" -- Latin Small Letter K }, { pat = "ᶢ", -- Modifier Letter Small Script G rep = "ɡ" -- Latin Small Letter Script G }, { pat = "ᵑ", -- Modifier Letter Small Eng rep = "ŋ" -- Latin Small Letter Eng }, } } local rawData = { sounds = { -- PULMONIC CONSONANTS -- Nasals { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг двугубнӧй нос", symbols = { "m̥" }, audio = "Voiceless Bilabial Nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй нос", symbols = { "m" }, audio = "Bilabial nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental nasal", symbols = { "ɱ̊", "ɱ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental nasal", symbols = { "ɱ" }, audio = "Labiodental nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиоальвеолярнӧй нос", symbols = { "m͇" }, audio = "Voiced labioalveolar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial nasal", symbols = { "m̼̊" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial nasal", symbols = { "m̼" }, audio = "Linguolabial nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental nasal", symbols = { "n̪̊" } }, { name = "Voiced dental nasal", symbols = { "n̪" }, audio = "Voiced Dental Nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг альвеолярнӧй нос", symbols = { "n̥" }, audio = "Voiceless Alveolar Nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй нос", symbols = { "n" }, audio = "Alveolar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar nasal", symbols = { "n̠̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar nasal", symbols = { "n̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex nasal", symbols = { "ɳ̊", "ɳ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex nasal.wav" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex nasal", symbols = { "ɳ" }, audio = "Retroflex nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ̊˖", "ɲ̟̊", "ȵ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ˖", "ɲ̟", "ȵ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ̊", "ɲ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal nasal", symbols = { "ɲ" }, audio = "Palatal nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсуйтӧма пост-палаталнӧй нос", symbols = { "ɲ˗", "ɲ̠", "ɲ᫢", "ŋ˖", "ŋ᫈", "ŋ̟" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velar nasal", symbols = { "ŋ̊", "ŋ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless velar nasal.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс велар нос", symbols = { "ŋ" }, audio = "Velar nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular nasal", symbols = { "ɴ̟", "ŋ˗", "ŋ᫢", "ŋ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular nasal", symbols = { "ɴ̥", "ɴ̊" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular nasal.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн увулярнӧй нос", symbols = { "ɴ" }, audio = "Uvular nasal.ogg" }, -- Nareals { name = "Voiceless labiodental nareal", symbols = { "ɱ̥̾" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental nasal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental nareal", symbols = { "ɱ̾" }, }, -- Plosives { name = "Voiceless bilabial plosive", symbols = { "p" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй плозив", symbols = { "b" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental plosive", symbols = { "p̪" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental plosive.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиодентальнӧй плозив", symbols = { "b̪" }, audio = "Voiced labiodental plosive.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лингволабиальнӧй плозив", symbols = { "p̼" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial plosive", symbols = { "b̼" }, audio = "Voiced linguolabial stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм зумыд плозивнӧй", symbols = { "t̪" }, audio = "Voiceless dental stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс дентал плозивнӧй", symbols = { "d̪" }, audio = "Voiced dental stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг альвеолярнӧй плозивнӧй", symbols = { "t" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй плозивнӧй", symbols = { "d" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Назальнӧй лэдзӧм гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй плозив", symbols = { "dⁿ" }, article = "Назальнӧй лэдзны (фонетика)", }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar plosive", symbols = { "t̠" }, audio = "Voiceless postalveolar stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar plosive", symbols = { "d̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм ретрофлекснӧй плозив", symbols = { "ʈ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex stop.oga" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex plosive", symbols = { "ɖ" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex stop.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal plosive", symbols = { "c̟", "ȶ" }, audio = "IPA sound - ȶ.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive", symbols = { "ɟ˖", "ɟ᫈", "ɟ̟", "ȡ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal plosive", symbols = { "c" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal plosive", symbols = { "ɟ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar plosive", symbols = { "c̠", "k̟" }, article = "Voiceless post-palatal plosive" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar plosive", symbols = { "ɟ᫢", "ɟ̠", "ɡ˖", "ɡ᫈", "ɡ̟" }, article = "Voiced post-palatal plosive" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм велярнӧй плозив", symbols = { "k" }, audio = "Voiceless velar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс велярнӧй плозив", symbols = { "ɡ" }, audio = "Voiced velar plosive 02.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular plosive", symbols = { "q˖", "q᫈", "q̟", "k̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular plosive", symbols = { "ɢ̟", "ɡ˗", "ɡ᫢", "ɡ̠" }, audio = "Voiced velar-uvular plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular plosive", symbols = { "q" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн увулярнӧй плозив", symbols = { "ɢ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular stop.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless post-uvular plosive", symbols = { "q˗", "q᫢" }, }, { name = "Voiced post-uvular plosive", symbols = { "ɢ̠" }, }, { name = "Безголоснӧй глоточнӧй плозив", symbols = { "ꞯ", "ʡ̟" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive", symbols = { "𝼂", "ʡ̟̬" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless epiglottal plosive", symbols = { "ʡ" }, audio = "Epiglottal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless glottal stop", symbols = { "ʔ" }, audio = "Glottal stop.ogg" }, -- Affricates { name = "Voiceless bilabial affricate", symbols = { "pɸ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс билабиалнӧй несибилянтнӧй аффрикат", symbols = { "bβ" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial affricate.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless bilabial trilled affricate", symbols = { "pʙ̥" }, article = "Voiceless bilabial trill#Prestopped trills and stops with trill release" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial trilled affricate", symbols = { "bʙ" }, article = "Voiced bilabial trill#Prestopped trills and stops with trill release" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental affricate", symbols = { "p̪f", "pf" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиодентальнӧй несибильнӧй аффрикат", symbols = { "b̪v", "bv" }, audio = "Voiced labiodental affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental sibilant affricate", symbols = { "t̪s̪", "ts̪", "t̟s̟", "ts̟" }, audio = "Voiceless dental sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiced dental sibilant affricate", symbols = { "d̪z̪", "dz̪", "d̟z̟", "dz̟" }, audio = "Voiced dental sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless dental affricate", symbols = { "t̪θ", "t̟θ", "tθ" }, audio = "Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiced dental affricate", symbols = { "d̪ð", "d̟ð", "dð" }, audio = "Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм альвеолярнӧй сибилантнӧй аффриката", symbols = { "ts", "ʦ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar affricate", symbols = { "dz", "ʣ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant affricate.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar affricate", symbols = { "t̺s̺", "ts̺", "t̠s̠", "ts̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced apico-alveolar affricate", symbols = { "d̺z̺", "dz̺", "d̠z̠", "dz̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "tɹ̝̊", "tɹ̥", "tθ̠", "tθ͇" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "dɹ̝", "dɹ", "dð̠", "dð͇" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate", symbols = { "t̻˗ʃ", "tʃ", "ʧ" }, audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсом небӧго-альвеолярнӧй сибилантнӧй аффриката", symbols = { "d̻˗ʒ", "dʒ", "ʤ" }, audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "t̠ɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̠̊˔", "tɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̝̊˗", "t̠ɹ̠̊", "tɹ̠̊" }, audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "d̠ɹ̠˔", "d̠ɹ̠᷵", "dɹ̠˔", "dɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̝˗", "d̠ɹ̠", "dɹ̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex affricate", symbols = { "ʈʂ", "tʂ", "ꭧ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex affricate", symbols = { "ɖʐ", "dʐ", "ꭦ" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate", symbols = { "dɻ˔", "ɖɻ᷵", "d̠ɻ̝", "ɖɻ˔" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate", symbols = { "ȶɕ", "tɕ", "cɕ", "t̠ʃʲ", "tʃʲ", "t̠s̠ʲ", "ʨ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate", symbols = { "ȡʑ", "dʑ", "ɟʑ", "d̠ʒʲ", "dʒʲ", "d̠z̠ʲ", "ʥ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal affricate", symbols = { "cç" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal affricate", symbols = { "ɟʝ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar affricate", symbols = { "c̠ç˗", "cç˗", "c̠ç̠", "cç̠", "k̟x̟", "kx̟" }, article = "Voiceless post-palatal affricate" }, { name = "Voiceless velar affricate", symbols = { "kx" }, audio = "Voiceless velar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar affricate", symbols = { "ɡɣ" }, audio = "Voiced velar affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular affricate", symbols = { "q˖χ˖", "qχ˖", "q̟χ̟", "qχ̟", "k̠x̠", "kx̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular affricate", symbols = { "qχ" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular affricate", symbols = { "ɢʁ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pharyngeal affricate", symbols = { "ꞯħ" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal affricate", symbols = { "𝼂ʕ" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate", symbols = { "ʡʜ" }, audio = "Voiceless epiglottal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн эпиглотальнӧй несибильнӧй аффриката", symbols = { "ʡ̬ʢ", "ʡʢ" }, audio = "Voiced epiglottal affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм глотальнӧй несибилянтнӧй аффриката", symbols = { "ʔh" }, audio = "Voiceless glottal affricate.ogg" }, -- Fricatives { name = "Voiceless bilabial fricative", symbols = { "ɸ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial fricative", symbols = { "β" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лабиодентальнӧй несбилянтнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "f" }, audio = "Voiceless labio-dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лабиодентальнӧй сибилантнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "fⓈ" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиодентальнӧй несибильнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "v" }, audio = "Voiced labio-dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial sibilant fricative", symbols = { "s̼" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial fricative", symbols = { "f̼" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced linguolabial fricative", symbols = { "v̼" }, audio = "Voiced linguolabial fricative.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless dental fricative", symbols = { "θ" }, audio = "Voiceless dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced dental fricative", symbols = { "ð" }, audio = "Voiced dental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental sibilant fricative", symbols = { "s̪" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental sibilant fricative", symbols = { "z̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless denti-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s̻̪", "s̪̻", "s̻͆", "s̟" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй сибилантнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "z" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless apico-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s̺" }, }, { name = "Voiced apico-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "z̺" }, }, { name = "Voiceless post-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "s̠" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar retracted sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "z̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "θ̠", "θ͇", "t̞", "ɹ̝̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ð̠", "ð͇", "d̞", "ɹ̝" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar tapped fricative", symbols = { "ɾ̞̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar tapped fricative", symbols = { "ɾ̞" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "ʃ" }, audio = "Voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palato-alveolar fricative", symbols = { "ʒ" }, audio = "Voiced palato-alveolar sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɹ̠̊˔", "ɹ̝̊˗" }, audio = "Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɹ̠˔", "ɹ̠᷵", "ɹ̝˗" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex fricative", symbols = { "ʂ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex fricative", symbols = { "ʐ" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɻ̝̊", "ɻ̊˔", "ʈ̞", "ʈ˕" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative", symbols = { "ɻ̝", "ɻ˔", "ɻ᷵", "ɖ̞", "ɖ˕" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative", symbols = { "ɕ", "ʃʲ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн альвеоло-пальтальнӧй сибилантнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "ʑ", "ʒʲ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal fricative", symbols = { "ç" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн палаталнӧй несибилянтнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "ʝ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal or pre-velar fricative", symbols = { "ç˗", "ç̠", "ç᫢", "x̟" }, article = "Voiceless post-palatal fricative", audio = "Voiceless post-palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar fricative", symbols = { "ʝ᫢", "ʝ̠", "ɣ᫈", "ɣ̟" }, article = "Voiced post-palatal fricative", audio = "Voiced post-palatal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless velar fricative", symbols = { "x" }, audio = "Voiceless velar fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless velar sibilant fricative", symbols = { "xⓈ" }, audio = "Voiceless velar sibilant fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн велярнӧй несбилянтнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "ɣ", "ɡ̞", "ɡ᫛", "ɡ˕" }, audio = "Voiced velar fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative", symbols = { "χ˖", "χ̟", "x̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative", symbols = { "ʁ̟", "ɣ˗", "ɣ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular fricative", symbols = { "χ" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular fricative", symbols = { "ʁ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative", symbols = { "ħ" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative", symbols = { "ʕ" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless glottal fricative", symbols = { "h" }, audio = "Voiceless glottal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс глотальнӧй несибилянтнӧй фрикатив", symbols = { "ɦ" }, audio = "Voiced glottal fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless bidental fricative", symbols = { "h̪͆" }, audio = "Voiceless bidental fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dentolabial fricative", symbols = { "f͆" }, audio = "Voiceless dentolabial fricative.ogg" }, -- Nasal fricatives { name = "Nasalized voiceless glottal fricative", symbols = { "h̃" }, audio = "IPA h̃.ogg" }, { name = "Nasalized voiced glottal fricative", symbols = { "ɦ̃" }, }, -- Approximants { name = "Voiced bilabial approximant", symbols = { "β̞" }, audio = "Bilabial approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiodental approximant", symbols = { "ʋ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless labiodental approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental approximant", symbols = { "ʋ" }, audio = "Labiodental approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced dental approximant", symbols = { "ð̞", "ɹ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ" }, audio = "Alveolar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced laminal alveolar approximant", symbols = { "z̞", "ð̠˕", "ɹ̻" }, }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̠̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̠" }, audio = "Postalveolar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм ретрофлекс несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "ɻ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex approximant", symbols = { "ɻ" }, audio = "Retroflex Approximant2.oga" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal approximant", symbols = { "j̊", "ç˕", "ç̞"}, audio = "Voiceless palatal approximant.wav" }, { name = "Voiced palatal approximant", symbols = { "j", "ʝ˕", "ʝ̞" }, audio = "Palatal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar approximant", symbols = { "j᫢", "j̠", "j˗", "ʝ̞˗", "ʝ̞᫢", "ɰ̈", "ɰ̟", "ɰ˖", "ɣ̞˖", "ɣ̞᫈" }, article = "Voiced post-palatal approximant", audio = "Post-palatal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Protruded post-palatal or pre-velar approximant", symbols = { "j˗ʷ", "j᫢ʷ", "j̈ʷ", "ɥ̫̈", "ẅ", "w̟" }, audio = "Voiced labialized post-palatal approximant.ogg", article = "Protruded post-palatal approximant" }, { name = "Compressed post-palatal or pre-velar approximant", symbols = { "ɥ̈", "ɥ˗", "ɥ᫢", "j̈ᵝ", "j˗ᵝ", "j᫢ᵝ" }, article = "Compressed post-palatal approximant" }, { name = "Voiced velar approximant", symbols = { "ɰ", "ɣ˕", "ɣ᫛", "ɣ̞" }, audio = "Voiced velar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar bunched approximant", symbols = { "ɹ̈ "}, }, { name = "Voiced uvular approximant", symbols = { "ʁ̞" }, audio = "Voiced Uvular Approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн глоточнӧй несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "ʕ̞" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal approximant", symbols = { "ʢ̞", "ʕ̞˗" }, audio = "Voiced epiglottal trill.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм глотальнӧй приближение", symbols = { "h̞" }, audio = "Voiceless glottal approximant.wav" }, { name = "Voiced glottal approximant", symbols = { "ɦ̞" }, audio = "Breathy-voiced glottal approximant.ogg" }, -- Nasal approximants { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг палаталнӧй несбилянтнӧй носовӧй приближение", symbols = { "j̥̃" }, }, { name = "Nasalized voiced palatal approximant", symbols = { "j̃" }, audio = "Nasal palatal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Nasalized voiced velar approximant", symbols = { "ɰ̃", "ɣ̞̃", "ɣ̃˕" }, audio = "Nasal velar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Nasalized voiced labial–velar approximant", symbols = { "w̃" }, audio = "Voiced labialized velar nasal approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн глотальнӧй несибилантнӧй ныр приближение", symbols = { "h̞̃" }, }, { name = "Nasalized voiced glottal approximant", symbols = { "ɦ̞̃" }, }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal non-sibilant nasal approximant", symbols = { "ʕ̞̃" }, audio = "Voiced pharyngeal nasal approximant.ogg" }, -- Taps/flaps { name = "Voiceless bilabial flap", symbols = { "p̆" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй лопатка", symbols = { "b̆", "b̮" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial flap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental flap", symbols = { "ⱱ" }, audio = "Labiodental tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless dental tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̪̊" }, article = "Voiceless dental tap" }, { name = "Voiced dental tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̪" }, article = "Dental tap", }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̥", "t̆", "t̮" }, article = "Voiceless alveolar tap", audio = "Voiceless alveolar tap.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй моновибрант", symbols = { "ɾ", "d̆", "d̮" }, audio = "Alveolar tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar flap", symbols = { "ɾ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex flap", symbols = { "ɽ̊", "ʈ̆" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex tap.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн ретрофлекс моновибрант", symbols = { "ɽ", "ɖ̆" }, audio = "Retroflex flap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal flap", symbols = { "c̆" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal flap", symbols = { "ɟ̆" }, audio = "Voiced palatal tap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless velar flap", symbols = { "k̮" }, audio = "Voiceless velar tap.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс велар моновибрант", symbols = { "ɡ̆" }, audio = "Voiced velar tap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced uvular tap or flap", symbols = { "ɢ̆", "ʀ̆" }, article = "Voiced uvular tap and flap", audio = "Voiced uvular tap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced pharyngeal tap or flap", symbols = { "𝼂̆" }, audio = "Pharyngeal flap.oga" }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal tap", symbols = { "ʡ̆", "ʡ̮" }, audio = "Epiglottal flap.oga" }, -- Nasal flaps { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй ныр моновибрант", symbols = { "m̆" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar nasal tap or flap", symbols = { "ɾ̃", "n̆" }, article = "Alveolar nasal tap", }, { name = "Voiced retroflex nasal flap", symbols = { "ɽ̃", "ɳ̆" }, }, -- Trills { name = "Voiceless bilabial trill", symbols = { "ʙ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless bilabial aspirated trill", symbols = { "ʙ̥ʰ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial trill with aspiration.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced bilabial trill", symbols = { "ʙ" }, audio = "Bilabial trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labiolingual trill", symbols = { "ʙ̼̊" }, audio = "Voiceless linguolabial trill.wav" }, { name = "Voiced labiolingual trill", symbols = { "ʙ̼" }, audio = "Voiced linguolabial trill.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless dental trill", symbols = { "r̪̊" } }, { name = "Voiced dental trill", symbols = { "r̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar trill", symbols = { "r̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar trill.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн альвеолярнӧй трилль", symbols = { "r" }, audio = "Alveolar trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar trill", symbols = { "r̠̊" } }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar trill", symbols = { "r̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex trill", symbols = { "ɽ̊r̥", "ɽr̥" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex trill", symbols = { "ɽr" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex trill.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс велар триль", symbols = { "ʀ᫊", "ʀ̟˖" }, audio = "Voiced velar trill (2025-12-05).wav" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular trill", symbols = { "ʀ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular trill", symbols = { "ʀ" }, audio = "Uvular trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless epiglottal trill", symbols = { "ʜ" }, audio = "Voiceless epiglottal trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced epiglottal trill", symbols = { "ʢ" }, audio = "Voiced epiglottal trill 2.ogg" }, -- Fricative trills { name = "Voiceless alveolar fricative trill", symbols = { "r̝̊" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar raised non-sonorant trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar fricative trill", symbols = { "r̝" }, audio = "Raised alveolar non-sonorant trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pre-uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝̊˖", "ʀ̟̊˔" }, }, { name = "Voiced pre-uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝˖", "ʀ̟˔" }, }, { name = "Voiceless uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝̊" }, audio = "Voiceless uvular fricative trill.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular fricative trill", symbols = { "ʀ̝" }, audio = "Voiced uvular fricative trill.wav" }, -- Lateral affricates { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate", symbols = { "tɬ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate", symbols = { "dɮ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate", symbols = { "ʈɭ̊˔", "tɭ̊˔", "ʈɭ̊", "tɭ̊", "ʈꞎ", "tꞎ" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral affricate", symbols = { "ɖɭ˔", "dɭ˔", "ɖɭ", "dɭ", "ɖ𝼅", "d𝼅" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate", symbols = { "cʎ̝̊", "cʎ̥", "c𝼆", "t𝼆" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced palatal lateral affricate", symbols = { "ɟʎ̝", "ɟʎ", "ɟ𝼆̬", "d𝼆̬" }, audio = "Voiced palatal lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal lateral affricate", symbols = { "c𝼆˗" }, article = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate" }, { name = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate", symbols = { "kʟ̝̊", "kʟ̥", "k𝼄" }, audio = "Voiceless velar lateral affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral affricate", symbols = { "ɡʟ̝", "ɡʟ", "ɡ𝼄̬" }, audio = "Voiced velar lateral affricate.ogg" }, -- Lateral fricatives { name = "Voiceless dental lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɬ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɮ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɬ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɮ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless postalveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɬ̠" } }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɮ̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɭ̊˔", "ꞎ"}, audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral fricative", symbols = { "ɭ˔", "𝼅" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral fricative.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʎ̝̊˖", "ȴ̊˔" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʎ̝̊", "𝼆" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн палатал латерал фрикативнӧй", symbols = { "ʎ̝", "𝼆̬" }, audio = "ʎ̝ IPA sound.opus" }, { name = "Voiceless post-palatal lateral fricative", symbols = { "𝼆̠" }, }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʎ̝˗", "ʟ̟᷵" }, article = "Voiced pre-velar lateral fricative" }, { name = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʟ̝̊", "𝼄" }, audio = "Voiceless velar lateral fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral fricative", symbols = { "ʟ̝", "𝼄̬" }, audio = "Voiced velar lateral fricative.ogg" }, -- Lateral approximants { name = "Voiceless dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̪̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̪" }, audio = "Voiced dental lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧг альвеолярнӧй несибилянтнӧй бокӧвӧй приближение", symbols = { "l̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй бокӧвӧй несибилантнӧй приближение", symbols = { "l" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɭ̊" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɭ" }, audio = "Retroflex lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсуйтӧма альвеоло-палаталнӧй бокӧвӧй несибилянтнӧй приблизительнӧй", symbols = { "ʎ̟", "ȴ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless palatal lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʎ̥" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн палатал латерал апроксимант", symbols = { "ʎ" }, audio = "Palatal lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсуйтӧм бӧрын небӧг бокӧвӧй приближение", symbols = { "ʎ̠" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velar lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʟ̥" }, }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʟ" }, audio = "Velar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced uvular lateral approximant", symbols = { "ʟ̠" }, audio = "Uvular lateral approximant.ogg" }, -- Lateral taps/flaps { name = "Voiced linguolabial lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̼" } }, { name = "Voiced dental lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̪" } }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̥" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral flap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ", "l̆"}, audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral flap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced postalveolar lateral flap", symbols = { "ɺ̠" }, audio = "Voiced postalveolar lateral flap.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex lateral flap", symbols = { "ɭ̥̆", "𝼈̊", "𝼈̥" }, audio = "Voiceless retroflex lateral flap.wav" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн ретрофлекс бокӧвӧй моновибрант", symbols = { "ɭ̆", "𝼈", "𝼈 (ɺ̢)" }, audio = "Voiced retroflex lateral flap (correct).wav" }, { name = "Voiced palatal lateral flap", symbols = { "ʎ̆", "ʎ̮" }, audio = "Voiced palatal lateral flap.wav" }, { name = "Voiced velar lateral tap", symbols = { "ʟ̆" }, audio = "Voiced velar lateral tap.wav" }, -- NON-PULMONIC CONSONANTS -- Ejective stops { name = "Bilabial ejective stop", symbols = { "pʼ" }, audio = "Bilabial ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless linguolabial ejective stop", symbols = { "p̼ʼ" }, audio = "Linguolabial ejective stop.ogg", }, { name = "Dental ejective stop", symbols = { "t̪ʼ" }, audio = "Dental ejective stop.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolar ejective stop", symbols = { "tʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Retroflex ejective stop", symbols = { "ʈʼ" }, audio = "Retroflex ejective.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolo-palatal ejective stop", symbols = { "ȶʼ" }, audio = "Alveolo-palatal ejective stop.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal ejective stop", symbols = { "cʼ" }, audio = "Palatal ejective.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм эжективнӧй велярнӧй стоп", symbols = { "kʼ" }, audio = "Velar ejective plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-velar ejective stop", symbols = { "k̠ʼ" }, audio = "Post-velar ejective stop.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular ejective stop", symbols = { "qʼ" }, audio = "Uvular ejective plosive.ogg" }, -- Ejective affricates { name = "Labiodental ejective affricate", symbols = { "p̪fʼ" }, }, { name = "Dental ejective affricate", symbols = { "t̪θʼ", "t̟θʼ", "tθʼ" }, audio = "Dental ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolar ejective affricate", symbols = { "tsʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Postalveolar ejective affricate", symbols = { "t̠ʃʼ", "tʃʼ" }, audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Retroflex ejective affricate", symbols = { "ʈʂʼ", "tʂʼ" }, audio = "Retroflex ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate", symbols = { "t̠ɕʼ", "tɕʼ", "t̠ʃʲʼ", "tʃʲʼ", "t̠s̠ʲʼ", "cɕʼ" }, }, { name = "Palatal ejective affricate", symbols = { "cçʼ" }, audio = "Palatal ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Velar ejective affricate", symbols = { "kxʼ" }, audio = "Velar ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular ejective affricate", symbols = { "qχʼ" }, audio = "Uvular ejective affricate.ogg" }, -- Ejective fricatives { name = "Bilabial ejective fricative", symbols = { "ɸʼ" }, audio = "Bilabial ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Labiodental ejective fricative", symbols = { "fʼ" }, audio = "Labiodental ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Эжективнӧй лабиодентальнӧй сибилант фрикатив", symbols = { "fⓈʼ" }, }, { name = "Dental ejective fricative", symbols = { "θʼ" }, audio = "Dental ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolar ejective fricative", symbols = { "sʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless post-alveolar ejective fricative", symbols = { "s̠ʼ" }, audio = "Voiceless alveolar retracted ejective sibilant.ogg" }, { name = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative", symbols = { "ʃʼ" }, audio = "Palato-alveolar ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Retroflex ejective fricative", symbols = { "ʂʼ" }, audio = "Retroflex ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative", symbols = { "ɕʼ" , "ʃʲʼ", "s̠ʲʼ"}, audio = "Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal ejective fricative", symbols = { "çʼ" }, audio = "Palatal ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Velar ejective fricative", symbols = { "xʼ" }, audio = "Velar ejective fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular ejective fricative", symbols = { "χʼ" }, audio = "Uvular ejective fricative.ogg" }, -- Lateral ejective affricates { name = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "tɬʼ", "ƛʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "cʎ̝̊ʼ", "cʎ̥ʼ", "c𝼆ʼ" }, audio = "Palatal lateral ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Velar lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "kʟ̝̊ʼ", "kʟ̥ʼ", "k𝼄ʼ" }, audio = "Velar lateral ejective affricate.ogg" }, { name = "Uvular lateral ejective affricate", symbols = { "q𝼄ʼ", "q𝼄̠ʼ", "qʟ̝̊ʼ" }, }, -- Lateral ejective fricatives { name = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative", symbols = { "ɬʼ" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral ejective fricative.ogg" }, -- Ejective trills { name = "Ejective trill", symbols = { "ʙ̥ʼ", "ʙ̼̊ʼ", "r̪̊ʼ", "r̥ʼ", "r̠̊ʼ", "ɽr̥ʼ", "ʀ᫊̊ʼ", "ʀ̥ʼ" }, article = "Ejective consonant" }, -- Tenuis clicks { name = "Tenuis bilabial click", symbols = { "ʘ", "kʘ" }, audio = "Clic bilabial sourd.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis dental click", symbols = { "ǀ", "kǀ" }, audio = "Dental click.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis alveolar click", symbols = { "ǃ", "kǃ" }, audio = "Postalveolar click.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis palatal click", symbols = { "ǂ", "kǂ" }, audio = "Palatoalveolar click.ogg" }, { name = "Tenuis retroflex click", symbols = { "𝼊", "k𝼊" }, audio = "Retrflx click.wav" }, { name = "Back-released click", symbols = { "ʞ" }, }, -- Voiced clicks { name = "Voiced bilabial click", symbols = { "ʘ̬", "ɡʘ" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental click", symbols = { "ǀ̬", "ɡǀ" }, }, { name = "Voiced alveolar click", symbols = { "ǃ̬", "ɡǃ" }, }, { name = "Voiced palatal click", symbols = { "ǂ̬", "ɡǂ" }, }, { name = "Voiced retroflex click", symbols = { "𝼊̬", "ɡ𝼊" }, }, -- Nasal clicks { name = "Bilabial nasal click", symbols = { "ʘ̃", "ŋʘ", "ⁿʘ" }, audio = "Bilabial nasal click.ogg" }, { name = "Dental nasal click", symbols = { "ǀ̃", "ŋǀ", "ⁿǀ", "ŋǀʱ" }, }, { name = "Alveolar nasal click", symbols = { "ǃ̃", "ŋǃ", "ⁿǃ" }, audio = "Intervocalic nasal alveolar clicks.ogg" }, { name = "Palatal nasal click", symbols = { "ǂ̃", "ŋǂ", "ⁿǂ" }, }, { name = "Retroflex nasal click", symbols = { "𝼊̃", "ŋ𝼊", "ⁿ𝼊" }, }, -- Lateral clicks { name = "Tenuis alveolar lateral click", symbols = { "ǁ", "kǁ" }, audio = "Alveolar lateral click.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral click", symbols = { "ǁ̬", "ɡǁ" }, }, -- Lateral nasal clicks { name = "Alveolar lateral nasal click", symbols = { "ǁ̃", "ŋǁ", "ⁿǁ" }, }, -- Glottalized clicks { name = "Glottalized bilabial nasal click", symbols = { "ʘ̃ˀ", "ʘˀ", "ŋ̊ʘˀ", "ŋʘˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized dental nasal click", symbols = { "ǀ̃ˀ", "ǀˀ", "ŋ̊ǀˀ", "ŋǀˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized alveolar nasal click", symbols = { "ǃ̃ˀ", "ǃˀ", "ŋ̊ǃˀ", "ŋǃˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized retroflex nasal click", symbols = { "𝼊̃ˀ", "𝼊ˀ", "ŋ𝼊ˀ", "ŋ̊𝼊ˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized palatal nasal click", symbols = { "ǂ̃ˀ", "ǂˀ", "ŋ̊ǂˀ", "ŋǂˀ" }, }, { name = "Glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click", symbols = { "ǁ̃ˀ", "ǁˀ", "ŋ̊ǁˀ", "ŋǁˀ" }, }, -- Egressive clicks (for Damin) { name = "Egressive bilabial click", symbols = { "ʘ↑" }, }, -- Implosives { name = "Voiceless bilabial implosive", symbols = { "ɓ̥", "ƥ", "pʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-bilabial-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Гӧлӧсӧн двугубнӧй имплозивнӧй", symbols = { "ɓ" }, audio = "Voiced bilabial implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labiodental implosive", symbols = { "ɓ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless dental implosive", symbols = { "ɗ̪̥", "ɗ̪̊", "ƭ̪", "t̪ʼ↓" }, }, { name = "Voiced dental implosive", symbols = { "ɗ̪" }, }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar implosive", symbols = { "ɗ̥", "ƭ", "tʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-alveolar-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Гӧлӧс альвеолярнӧй имплозионнӧй", symbols = { "ɗ" }, audio = "Voiced alveolar implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless retroflex implosive", symbols = { "ᶑ̊", "ᶑ̥", "𝼉", "ʈʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-retroflex-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced retroflex implosive", symbols = { "ᶑ" }, audio = "Voiced-retroflex-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiceless palatal implosive", symbols = { "ʄ̊", "ʄ̥", "ƈ", "cʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless palatal implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced palatal implosive", symbols = { "ʄ" }, audio = "Voiced palatal implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced post-palatal or pre-velar implosive", symbols = { "ʄ̠", "ʄ˗", "ɠ̟", "ɠ˖" }, audio = "Voiced post palatal and pre velar implosives.ogg", article = "Voiced pre-velar implosive" }, { name = "Voiceless velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠ̊", "ƙ", "kʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-velar-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠ" }, audio = "Voiced velar implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular implosive", symbols = { "ʛ̥", "ʠ", "qʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless-uvular-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced uvular implosive", symbols = { "ʛ" }, audio = "Voiced uvular implosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless pharyngeal implosive", symbols = { "ꞯʼ↓" }, audio = "Voiceless pharyngeal implosive.ogg", }, -- CO-ARTICULATED CONSONANTS -- Co-articulated nasals { name = "Voiced labial–alveolar nasal", symbols = { "nm" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–retroflex nasal", symbols = { "ɳm" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–velar nasal", symbols = { "ŋm" }, audio = "Labial-velar nasal stop.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧсуйтӧма увулярнӧй ко лабиальнӧй нос", symbols = { "ɴm" }, }, -- Co-articulated plosives { name = "Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive", symbols = { "tp" }, audio = "Voiceless labial-alveolar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labial–alveolar plosive", symbols = { "db" }, }, { name = "Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive", symbols = { "ʈp" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–retroflex plosive", symbols = { "ɖb" }, }, { name = "Безголоснӧй велар ко лабиальнӧй плозив", symbols = { "kp" }, audio = "Voiceless labial-velar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced labial–velar plosive", symbols = { "ɡb" }, audio = "Voiced labial-velar plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless labial–uvular plosive", symbols = { "qp" }, audio = "Voiceless labial–uvular plosive.ogg" }, { name = "Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive", symbols = { "qʡ" }, }, -- Co-articulated implosives { name = "Voiceless labial–velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠ̊ɓ̥", "kɓ̥", "ƙƥ", "kpʼ↓", "kƥ" }, audio = "Voiceless-labial–velar-implosive.ogg", }, { name = "Voiced labial–velar implosive", symbols = { "ɠɓ", "ɡɓ" }, audio = "Voiced-labial-velar-implosive.ogg" }, -- Co-articulated ejectives { name = "Labial–alveolar ejective stop", symbols = { "tpʼ" }, }, -- Co-articulated continuants { name = "Voiceless labial–palatal fricative", symbols = { "ɥ̊˔", "ɥ̝̊", "çᶣ", "çᵝ", "çʷ" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лабиализируйтӧм небӧг несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "ɥ̊", "ç̞ʷ" }, }, { name = "Voiced labial–palatal approximant", symbols = { "ɥ" }, audio = "LL-Q150 (fra)-WikiLucas00-IPA ɥ.wav" }, { name = "Voiceless labial–velar fricative", symbols = { "ʍ" }, audio = "Voiceless labio-velar fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Гӧлӧстӧм лабиализируйтӧм велярнӧй несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "w̥", "ẘ", "ʍ̞" }, }, { name = "Гӧлӧс лабиализируйтӧм велярнӧй несибилянтнӧй приближение", symbols = { "w", "ɰʷ", "ɣ̞ʷ", "ɣ᫛ʷ"}, audio = "Voiced labio-velar approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Compressed voiced labial–velar approximant", symbols = { "wᵝ", "ɰᵝ", "ɣ̞ᵝ", "ɣ᫛ᵝ"}, article = "Voiced labial–velar approximant", }, { name = "Sj-sound", symbols = { "ɧ" }, audio = "Voiceless dorso-palatal velar fricative.ogg" }, -- Co-articulated lateral approximants { name = "Velarized dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɫ̪", "l̪ˠ" }, }, { name = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant", symbols = { "ɫ", "lˠ" }, audio = "Velarized alveolar lateral approximant.ogg" }, { name = "Pharyngealized dental lateral approximant", symbols = { "l̪ˤ" }, }, { name = "Pharyngealized alveolar lateral approximant", symbols = { "lˤ" }, }, -- VOWELS -- Close vowels { name = "Close front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "i" }, audio = "Close front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close front rounded vowel", symbols = { "y" }, audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close front compressed vowel", symbols = { "y͍", "iᵝ" }, audio = "Close front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close front protruded vowel", symbols = { "y̫", "yʷ", "iʷ", "y᫇" }, audio = "Close front protruded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɨ", "ï", "ɯ̈" }, audio = "Close central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Матысса сентрал гӧгрӧс гласнӧй", symbols = { "ʉ", "ü" }, audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close central protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʉ̫", "ʉʷ", "ɨʷ" }, audio = "Close central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close central compressed vowel", symbols = { "ÿ", "ɨᵝ" }, }, { name = "Матысса тылса неокругленнӧй гласнӧй", symbols = { "ɯ" }, audio = "Close back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close back rounded vowel", symbols = { "u" }, audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close back protruded vowel", symbols = { "u̫", "uʷ", "ɯʷ" }, audio = "Close back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close back compressed vowel", symbols = { "u͍", "ɯᵝ" }, audio = "Ja-U.oga" }, -- Near-close vowels { name = "Near-close front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ̟", "i̞", "e̝" }, }, { name = "Near-close front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̟", "y̞", "y˕", "ø̝" }, }, { name = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ", "i̽", "ï̞", "ë̝" }, audio = "Near-close near-front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ", "y̽", "ÿ̞", "ÿ˕", "ø̝̈" }, audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-front compressed vowel", symbols = { "ʏ͍", "ɪᵝ" }, audio = "Near-close near-front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-front protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̫", "ʏʷ", "ɪʷ" }, }, { name = "Near-close central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ̈", "ɪ̠", "ɨ̞", "ɘ̝" }, audio = "Near-close central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̈", "ʊ̟", "ʉ̞", "ɵ̝" }, audio = "Near-close central rounded vowel2.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close central protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̫̈", "ʉ̫˕", "ʊ̈ʷ", "ʉ̞ʷ", "ɪ̈ʷ", "ɨ̞ʷ" }, }, { name = "Near-close central compressed vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̈", "ɨ̞ᵝ" }, }, { name = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɯ̽", "ɯ̞̈", "ɤ̝̈" }, audio = "Near-close near-back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ", "u̽", "ü̞", "ö̝" }, audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-back protruded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̫", "ʊʷ", "ɯ̽ʷ", "ɤ̝̈ʷ", "u̫˕", "u̞ʷ", "ɯ̞ʷ", "ɤ̝ʷ" }, audio = "Near-close near-back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-close near-back compressed vowel", symbols = { "ʊ͍", "ɯ̽ᵝ", "ɯ̞̈ᵝ", "ɯ̞ᵝ" }, }, { name = "Near-close back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɯ̞", "ɤ̝" }, }, { name = "Near-close back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̠", "u̞", "o̝" }, }, -- Close-mid vowels { name = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "e" }, audio = "Close-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ø" }, audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid front compressed vowel", symbols = { "ø͍", "eᵝ" }, audio = "Close-mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid front protruded vowel", symbols = { "ø̫", "øʷ", "eʷ" }, }, { name = "Close-mid near-front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɪ̞", "e̠", "ɘ̟" }, }, { name = "Close-mid near-front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʏ̞", "ø̠", "ɵ̟" }, }, { name = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɘ", "ë", "ɤ̈" }, audio = "Close-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɵ", "ɵ̫", "ɵʷ", "ö", "ɘʷ" }, audio = "Close-mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid central compressed vowel", symbols = { "ø̈", "ɘᵝ" }, }, { name = "Close-mid near-back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɘ̠", "ɤ̟", "ɯ̞̽" }, }, { name = "Close-mid near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ʊ̞", "ɵ̠", "o̟" }, }, { name = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɤ" }, audio = "Close-mid back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid back rounded vowel", symbols = { "o", "o̫", "oʷ", "ɤʷ" }, audio = "Close-mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Close-mid back compressed vowel", symbols = { "o͍", "ɤᵝ" }, }, -- Mid vowels { name = "Шӧр фронт негӧгрӧс гласнӧй", symbols = { "e̞", "ɛ̝" }, audio = "Mid front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ø̞", "œ̝" }, audio = "Mid front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid front compressed vowel", symbols = { "ø͍˕", "œ͍˔", "e̞ᵝ", "ɛ̝ᵝ" }, }, { name = "Mid front protruded vowel", symbols = { "ø̫˕", "œ̫˔", "ø̞ʷ", "œ̝ʷ", "e̞ʷ", "ɛ̝ʷ" }, }, { name = "Mid near-front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "e̽" }, }, { name = "Шӧр сентрал негӧгрӧстӧм гласнӧй", symbols = { "ə", "ɘ̞", "ɜ̝" }, audio = "Mid-central vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ə̹", "ɵ̞", "ɞ̝" }, audio = "Mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "o̽" }, audio = "Mid near-back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Mid back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɤ̞", "ʌ̝" }, audio = "ɤ̞ IPA sound.opus" }, { name = "Mid back rounded vowel", symbols = { "o̞", "ɔ̝" }, audio = "Mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, -- Open-mid vowels { name = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɛ" , "æ̝"}, audio = "Open-mid front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid front rounded vowel", symbols = { "œ" }, audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid front compressed vowel", symbols = { "œ͍", "ɛᵝ" }, audio = "Open-mid front rounded vowel (2).ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid front protruded vowel", symbols = { "œ̫", "œʷ", "ɛʷ" }, }, { name = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɜ", "ɛ̈", "ʌ̈" }, audio = "Open-mid central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Восьса шӧр сэнтрал гӧгрӧс гласнӧй", symbols = { "ɞ", "ɔ̈" }, audio = "Open-mid central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ʌ" }, audio = "PR-open-mid back unrounded vowel2.ogg" }, { name = "Open-mid back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɔ" }, audio = "PR-open-mid back rounded vowel.ogg" }, -- Near-open vowels { name = "Орччӧн восьса воддза негӧгрӧс гласнӧй", symbols = { "æ", "ɛ̞", "a̝" }, audio = "Near-open front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-open front rounded vowel", symbols = { "œ̞", "ɶ̝" }, }, { name = "Near-open central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɐ", "ɜ̞" }, audio = "PR-near-open central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-open central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɐ̹", "ɞ̞" }, audio = "Near-open central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Near-open near-back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɑ̽" }, }, { name = "Near-open near-back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɒ̽" }, }, { name = "Near-open back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ʌ̞", "ɑ̝" }, }, { name = "Near-open back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɔ̞", "ɒ̝" }, }, -- Open vowels { name = "Восьса воддза гӧгрӧстӧм гласнӧй", symbols = { "a", "æ̞" }, audio = "PR-open front unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open front rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɶ" }, audio = "Open front rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open central unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ä", "a̠", "ɑ̈", "ɑ̟" }, audio = "Open central unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open central rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɒ̈", "ɒ̟", "ɶ̈", "ɶ̠" }, audio = "Open central rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open back unrounded vowel", symbols = { "ɑ" }, audio = "Open back unrounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "Open back rounded vowel", symbols = { "ɒ" }, audio = "PR-open back rounded vowel.ogg" }, { name = "R-colored vowel", symbols = { "ɚ", "ɝ", "ɹ̩", "ɻ̍" }, audio = "En-us-er.ogg" }, -- SUPRASEGMENTALS { name = "Primary stress", symbols = { "ˈ" }, article = "Stress (linguistics)", }, { name = "Secondary stress", symbols = { "ˌ" }, }, { name = "Minor (foot) group", symbols = { "|" }, article = "Prosodic unit", }, { name = "Major (intonation) group", symbols = { "‖" }, article = "Prosodic unit", }, { name = "Syllable break", symbols = { "." }, article = "Syllable", }, { name = "Linking (absence of a break)", symbols = { "‿" }, article = "Connected speech", }, -- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS { name = "Downstep", symbols = { "ꜜ" }, }, { name = "Upstep", symbols = { "ꜛ" }, }, { name = "Global rise", symbols = { "↗" }, article = "Intonation (linguistics)", }, { name = "Global fall", symbols = { "↘" }, article = "Intonation (linguistics)", }, -- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA) { name = "Bilabial percussive", symbols = { "ʬ" }, audio = "Voiceless bilabial percussive.wav" }, { name = "Bidental percussive", symbols = { "ʭ" }, audio = "Voiceless bidental percussive.wav" }, { name = "Velopharyngeal fricative", symbols = { "ʩ" }, }, { name = "Voiceless velopharyngeal trill", symbols = { "𝼀", "ʩ𐞪" }, audio = "Voiceless Velopharyngeal Fricative Trill.ogg", article = "Velopharyngeal consonant" }, { name = "Voiced velopharyngeal trill", symbols = { "𝼀̬" }, article = "Velopharyngeal consonant" }, { name = "Voiceless alveolar lateral–median fricative", symbols = { "ʪ" }, article = "Voiceless lateral-median fricative", audio = "Voiceless alveolar lateral lisp fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Voiced alveolar lateral–median fricative", symbols = { "ʫ" }, article = "Voiced lateral-median fricative", audio = "Voiced alveolar lateral lisp fricative.ogg" }, { name = "Ingressive airflow", symbols = { "↓" }, article = "Ingressive sound", }, { name = "Egressive airflow", symbols = { "↑" }, article = "Egressive sound", }, { name = "Apical r", symbols = { "ɹ̺" }, article = "Pronunciation of English /r/", }, { name = "Bunched r", symbols = { "ɹ̈" }, article = "Pronunciation of English /r/", }, { name = "Sublaminal lower alveolar percussive", symbols = { "¡" }, article = "Sublingual percussive", }, { name = "Percussive alveolar click", symbols = { "ǃ¡" }, audio = "Percussive alveolar click.ogg" }, { name = "Buccal interdental trill", symbols = { "ↀr̪͆" }, article = "Blowing a raspberry", }, -- NON-IPA { name = "Morphological boundary", symbols = { "#" }, article = "Word stem", }, { name = "Zero", symbols = { "∅" }, article = "Zero (linguistics)", }, }, diacritics = { -- DIACRITICS { name = "Voiceless", symbols = { "̥", "̊", "ḁ", "å", "ů", "ẙ" }, }, { name = "Voiced", symbols = { "̬" }, article = "Voice (phonetics)", }, { name = "Aspirated", symbols = { "ʰ" }, article = "Aspirated consonant", }, { name = "More rounded", symbols = { "̹", "͗", "˒" }, article = "Roundedness", }, { name = "Less rounded", symbols = { "̜", "͑", "˓", "͍" }, article = "Roundedness", }, { name = "Advanced", symbols = { "̟", "᫈", "˖", "᫊", "᫉" }, article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted", }, { name = "Retracted", symbols = { "̠", "˗" }, article = "Relative articulation#Advanced and retracted", }, { name = "Centralized", symbols = { "̈" }, article = "Relative articulation#Centralized vowels", }, { name = "Mid-centralized", symbols = { "̽" }, article = "Relative articulation#Mid-centralized vowel", }, { name = "Affricate joiner or group articulation", symbols = { "͡", "͜" }, article = "Articulation#Joiners", }, { name = "Syllabic", symbols = { "̩", "̍" }, article = "Syllabic consonant", }, { name = "Non-syllabic", symbols = { "̯", "̑" }, article = "Semivowel", }, { name = "Rhoticity", symbols = { "˞" }, article = "R-colored vowel", audio = "En-us-er.ogg" }, { name = "Breathy voiced", symbols = { "̤", "ṳ", "ʱ" }, article = "Breathy voice", }, { name = "Creaky voiced", symbols = { "̰", "ḛ", "ḭ", "ṵ" }, article = "Creaky voice", }, { name = "Linguolabial", symbols = { "̼" }, article = "Linguolabial consonant", }, { name = "Лабиализируйтӧм", symbols = { "ʷ", "̫" }, article = "Лабиализация (фонетика)", }, { name = "Palatalized", symbols = { "ʲ" }, article = "Palatalization (phonetics)", }, { name = "Velarized", symbols = { "ˠ" }, article = "Velarization", }, { name = "Uvularized", symbols = { "ʶ", "ᵡ" }, article = "Uvularization", }, { name = "Pharyngealized", symbols = { "ˤ", "ᵸ" }, article = "Pharyngealization", }, { name = "Velarized or pharyngealized", symbols = { "̴", "ᵯ", "ᵰ", "ᵱ", "ᵬ", "ᵮ", "ᵵ", "ᵭ", "ᵴ", "ᵶ", "ᵳ", "ᵲ", "ꭨ" }, article = "Pharyngealization", }, { name = "Epiglottalized", symbols = { "𐞴" }, article = "Pharyngealization", }, { name = "Raised", symbols = { "̝", "˔" }, article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered", }, { name = "Lowered", symbols = { "̞", "᫛", "˕" }, article = "Relative articulation#Raised and lowered", }, { name = "Advanced tongue root", symbols = { "̘", "᫠", "꭪" }, }, { name = "Retracted tongue root", symbols = { "̙", "᫡", "꭫" }, }, { name = "Dental", symbols = { "̪", "͆" }, article = "Dental consonant", }, { name = "Apical", symbols = { "̺" }, article = "Apical consonant", }, { name = "Laminal", symbols = { "̻" }, article = "Laminal consonant", }, { name = "Nasalized", symbols = { "̃", "ṽ" }, article = "Nasalization", }, { name = "Nasal vowel", symbols = { "ĩ", "ỹ", "ɨ̃", "ʉ̃", "ɯ̃", "ũ", "ɪ̃", "ʏ̃", "ʊ̃", "ẽ", "ø̃", "ɘ̃", "ɵ̃", "ɤ̃", "õ", "ə̃", "ɛ̃", "œ̃", "ɜ̃", "ɞ̃", "ʌ̃", "ɔ̃", "æ̃", "ɐ̃", "ã", "ɶ̃", "ä̃", "ɑ̃", "ɒ̃" }, }, { name = "Nasal release", symbols = { "ⁿ" }, }, { name = "Lateral release", symbols = { "ˡ" }, article = "Lateral release (phonetics)", }, { name = "Некутшӧм лэдзӧм", symbols = { "̚" }, article = "Некутшӧм лэдзӧм (фонетика)", }, { name = "Ejective", symbols = { "ʼ" }, article = "Ejective consonant", }, { name = "Glottalized", symbols = { "ˀ" }, article = "Glottalization", }, { name = "Labio-palatalized", symbols = { "ᶣ" }, article = "Labio-palatalization", }, { name = "Buccal speech", symbols = { "ↀ" }, }, { name = "Esophageal speech", symbols = { "Œ" }, }, { name = "Electrolaryngeal speech", symbols = { "И" }, }, { name = "Tracheo-esophageal speech", symbols = { "Ю" }, }, -- SUPRASEGMENTALS { name = "Long", symbols = { "ː" }, article = "Length (phonetics)", }, { name = "Half-long", symbols = { "ˑ" }, article = "Length (phonetics)", }, { name = "Extra-short", symbols = { "̆", "̮", "ŏ", "ӗ", "ă", "ĭ", "ŭ" }, article = "Extra-shortness", }, -- TONES AND WORD ACCENTS { name = "Accent", symbols = { "̋", "ű", "ӳ", "ő", "́", "í", "ý", "ú", "é", "ǿ", "ó", "ǽ", "á", "̄", "ī", "ȳ", "ū", "ē", "ō", "ǣ", "ā", "̀", "ì", "ỳ", "ù", "è", "ò", "à", "̏", "ȉ", "ȕ", "ȅ", "ȍ", "ȁ" }, article = "Pitch-accent language", }, { name = "Tone", symbols = { "̌", "̂", "᷄", "᷅", "᷇", "᷆", "᷈", "᷉", "˥", "˦", "˧", "˨", "˩" }, article = "Tone (linguistics)", }, -- EXTENDED IPA (extIPA) { name = "Alveolar", symbols = { "͇" }, article = "Alveolar consonant", }, { name = "Strong articulation", symbols = { "͈", "̎" }, article = "Fortis and lenis", }, { name = "Weak articulation", symbols = { "͉", "᷂" }, article = "Fortis and lenis", }, { name = "Denasalized", symbols = { "͊" }, article = "Denasalization", }, { name = "Velopharyngeal friction", symbols = { "͌", "𐞐" }, article = "Velopharyngeal consonant", }, { name = "Whistled articulation", symbols = { "͎" }, article = "Whistled sibilant", }, { name = "Unaspirated", symbols = { "˭" }, article = "Tenuis consonant", }, { name = "Pre-aspiration", symbols = { "ʰp", "ʰt", "ʰʈ", "ʰc", "ʰk", "ʰq", "ʰn" }, article = "Preaspiration", }, -- NON-IPA { name = "Retroflex", symbols = { "̣", "̢" }, article = "Retroflex consonant", }, { name = "Prenasalized consonant", symbols = { "ᵐ", "ᶬ", "ⁿ̼d̼", "ᵐ̺b̺", "ⁿt", "ⁿd", "ⁿθ", "ⁿð", "ⁿs", "ⁿz", "ⁿʃ", "ⁿʒ", "ⁿɕ", "ⁿʑ", "ⁿr", "ⁿɬ", "ⁿɮ", "ⁿl", "ᶯ", "ᶮ", "ᵑ", "ᶰ" }, }, { name = "Pre-stopped consonant", symbols = { "ᵖ", "ᵇ", "ᵗ", "ᵈ", "𐞯", "𐞋", "ᶜ", "ᶡ", "ᵏ", "ᶢ", "𐞒", "𐞳" }, }, { name = "Post-stopped nasal", symbols = { "mᵇ", "nᵈ", "ɳ𐞋", "ɲᶡ", "ŋᶢ", "ɴ𐞒" }, }, { name = "Trilled affricate", symbols = { "ʳ", "𐞄", "𐞪", "tr̥", "dr" }, }, { name = "Sibilant", symbols = { "Ⓢ" }, }, } } for k, group in pairs(rawData) do for _, v in ipairs(group) do local t = { name = v.name, symbol = v.symbols[1], article = v.article or v.name, audio = v.audio or "" } for _, s in ipairs(v.symbols) do data[k][s] = t end end end return { data = data, rawData = rawData } ex0c14svs4w11i39fau9zcukz9fenx0 10 22986 148824 148441 2026-04-01T03:43:49Z FonzuHarp 16623 148824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1|}}} |Affricate|affricate=* Артикуляция ногыс (кыдзи артмö шыыс) – [[аффриката согласнöй]]. Тайӧ гӧгӧрвоӧдӧ, мый тайӧ шыыс артмӧ медводз дугӧдӧмӧн вомсянь петысь воздухсӧ, сэсся лэдзӧмӧн воздухлы мунны узкӧй канал пыр сійӧ местаын, кӧні тайӧ шыыс артмӧ, медым артмӧдны турбулентность. |Alveolar|alveolar=* Артикуляция местаыс (кӧні артмӧ шыыс) [[альвеолярнӧй согласнӧй|альвеолярнӧй]]. Тайӧ гӧгӧрвоӧдӧ, мый тайӧ шыыс артмӧ кыв шӧрӧн (''[[апикальнӧй согласнӧй|апикальнӧй]]'') либӧ кыв лапӧн альвеолярнӧй гребеньын (''[[ламинальнӧй согласнӧй|ламинальнӧй]]''). |Approximant|approximant=* The [[manner of articulation]] (how the sound is produced) is [[approximant consonant|approximant]]. This means that this sound is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place this sound is produced. However, it is not narrowed enough to produce a [[turbulence|turbulent airstream]]. |Approximant-fricative|approximant-fricative=* Its [[Manner of articulation|behavior]] changes between [[approximant consonant|approximant]] and [[fricative consonant|fricative]]. This means that this sound is produced by narrowing the vocal tract at the place of articulation, but generally not to narrow too much to produce much [[turbulence]] in the airstream. Languages think that voiced fricatives and approximants produced in the throat are the same. |Dental|dental=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[dental consonant|dental]]. This means that this sound is produced with the tongue at the upper [[teeth]], the lower teeth, or both the upper teeth and the lower teeth. (Many stops and liquids that are called dental consonants are actually [[denti-alveolar]] consonants.) |Epiglottal|epiglottal=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[epiglottal consonant|epiglottal]]. This means that this sound is produced with the [[aryepiglottic folds]] against the [[epiglottis]]. |Fricative|fricative=* The [[manner of articulation]] (how the sound is produced) is [[fricative consonant|fricative]]. This means that this sound is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, to make [[turbulence]]. |Glottal|glottal=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[glottal consonant|glottal]]. This means that this sound is produced at the [[vocal cords]] ([[vocal folds]]) and by the vocal cords. |Labiodental|labiodental=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[labiodental consonant|labiodental]]. This means that this sound is produced with the lower [[lip]]s and the upper [[teeth]]. |Alveolo-palatal|alveolo-palatal=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[alveolo-palatal consonant|alveolo-palatal]]. This means that: **The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[Postalveolar consonant|postalveolar]]. This means that the tongue touches the top of the mouth in the place behind the [[alveolar ridge]] (the gum line). **Its [[tongue shape]] is [[laminal consonant|laminal]]. This means that the [[tongue blade]] touches the top of the mouth. **It is [[palatalized]]. This means that the middle of the tongue is curved and raised towards the [[hard palate]]. |Bilabial|bilabial=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[bilabial consonant|bilabial]]. This means that this sound is produced with both [[lip]]s. |Central articulation|central articulation=* It is a [[central consonant]]. This means that this sound is produced by directing the air along the center of the tongue, but not to the sides. |Central click|central click=* They are [[central consonant]]s. This means that they are produced by releasing the air at the center of the tongue, but not at the sides. |Central-lateral|central-lateral=* This sound is not produced with air flowing over the tongue. So, the [[central consonant|central]]–[[lateral consonant|lateral]] dichotomy is not suitable. |Click manner|click manner=* The basic way of producing this sound may be voiced, nasal, aspirated, glottalized, etc. |Ejective|ejective=* The [[airstream mechanism]] is [[ejective consonant|ejective]] (glottalic egressive). This means that the air is forced out by pushing the [[glottis]] upward. |Flap|flap=* The [[manner of articulation]] (how the sound is produced) is [[flap consonant|flap]]. This means that this sound is produced with a single contraction of the muscles. The thing that produces the sound (usually the tongue) touches something else for a very short amount of time. |Implosive|implosive=* The [[airstream mechanism]] is [[implosive consonant|implosive]] (also called glottalic ingressive). This means that this sound is produced by pushing the [[glottis]] downward. This pulls air inward. The glottis is not completely closed, but a pulmonic airstream is allowed to escape through it, which makes the sound. |Labial-velar|labial-velar=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[labial–velar consonant|labial–velar]]. This means that this sound is produced with the lips and with the back part of the [[tongue]] (the dorsum) against the [[soft palate]] (the velum) at the same time. The dorsal closure is released before the labial closure, but they overlap for most of the time. |Labiovelar|labiovelar=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[labialization|labialized]] [[velar consonant|velar]]. This means that this sound is produced with the back part of the [[tongue]] raised toward the [[soft palate]] (the velum) while the lips are [[rounded vowel|rounded]]. |Lateral|lateral=* It is a [[lateral consonant]]. This means that this sound is produced by directing the airstream over the sides of the tongue, but not down the middle. |Lingual airstream|lingual airstream=* The [[airstream mechanism]] is [[lingual ingressive]] ({{smallcaps|aka}} velaric ingressive). This means that a pocked of air is trapped between two closures, then make the air thin by a "sucking" action of the tongue, but not being moved by the [[glottis]] or the [[lung]]s/[[diaphragm (anatomy)|diaphragm]]. The forward closure is released to produce the 'click' sound. Voiced and nasal clicks have a same [[pulmonic egressive]] airstream. |Linguolabial|linguolabial=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[linguolabial consonant|linguolabial]]. This means that this sound is produced with the tongue against the upper [[lip]]. |Nasal|nasal=* It is a nasal consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively ([[nasal stop]]s) or in addition to through the mouth. |Nasal stop|nasal stop=* The [[manner of articulation]] (how the sound is produced) is [[stop consonant|stop]]. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also [[nasal stop|nasal]], the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose. |Oral|oral=* It is an [[oral consonant]]. This means that air is allowed to escape through the mouth only. |Oral-nasal|oral-nasal=* Clicks may be [[oral consonant|oral]] or [[nasal click|nasal]]. This means that that the airflow is either restricted to the mouth, or passes through the nose as well. |Palatal|palatal=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[palatal consonant|palatal]]. This means that this sound is produced with the middle or back part of the [[tongue]] raised to the [[hard palate]]. |Palato-alveolar|palato-alveolar=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is ''palato-alveolar'', that is, domed (partially [[palatalization|palatalized]]) [[postalveolar consonant|postalveolar]]. This means that this sound is produced with the blade of the [[tongue]] behind the [[alveolar ridge]], and the front of the tongue bunched up ("domed") at the [[palate]]. |Pharyngeal|pharyngeal=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[pharyngeal consonant|pharyngeal]]. This means that this sound is produced with the [[Tongue root|root of the tongue]] against the back of the throat (the [[pharynx]]). |Plosive|plosive=* The [[manner of articulation]] (how the sound is produced) is [[stop consonant|stop]], or plosive. This means that this sound is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. (The term plosive contrasts with [[nasal stop]]s, where the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.) |Post-palatal|post-palatal=* Сылӧн артикуляция местаыс [[Постпалатальнӧй согласнӧй|постпалаталнӧй]], сідзкӧ, сійӧ сьӧкыд небӧглӧн мышкуын. |Pulmonic|pulmonic=* The [[airstream mechanism]] is [[pulmonic egressive|pulmonic]]. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the [[lung]]s and [[thoracic diaphragm|diaphragm]], as in most sounds. |Retroflex|retroflex=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[retroflex consonant|retroflex]], which prototypically means it is articulated [[Subapical consonant|sub-apical]] - with the tip of the tongue curled up. But more generally This means that it is [[postalveolar consonant|postalveolar]] without being [[palatalization|palatalized]]. That is, besides the prototypical sub-apical articulation, the tongue contact can be [[apical consonant|apical]] (pointed) or [[laminal consonant|laminal]] (flat). |Retroflex shape|retroflex shape=* Its [[tongue shape]] is [[retroflex consonant|retroflex]]. This means that this sound is produced with the tip of the tongue flat or concave (curled up). |Sibilant|sibilant=* The [[manner of articulation]] (how the sound is produced) is [[sibilant consonant|sibilant]] [[fricative consonant|fricative]]. This means that it is generally produced by channeling air flow along a [[sulcalization|groove]] in the back of the tongue up to the place of articulation, at which point it is focused against the sharp edge of the nearly clenched teeth, causing high-frequency [[turbulence]]. |Sibilant affricate|sibilant affricate=* The [[manner of articulation]] (how the sound is produced) is [[sibilant consonant|sibilant]] [[affricate consonant|affricate]]. This means that this sound is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency [[turbulence]]. |Tap|tap=* The [[manner of articulation]] (how the sound is produced) is [[tap consonant|tap]]. This means that this sound is produced with a single contraction of the muscles. The thing that produces the sound (usually the tongue) touches something else for a very short amount of time. |Trill|trill=* The [[manner of articulation]] (how the sound is produced) is [[trill consonant|trill]]. This means that this sound is produced by directing air over the articulator so that it vibrates. |Uvular|uvular=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[uvular consonant|uvular]]. This means that this sound is produced with the back of the [[tongue]] (the dorsum) at the [[palatine uvula|uvula]]. |Velar|velar=* The [[place of articulation]] (where the sound is produced) is [[velar consonant|velar]]. This means that this sound is produced with the back of the [[tongue]] at the [[soft palate]]. |Voiced|voiced=* The [[phonation]] is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced. |Voiceless|voiceless=* The [[phonation]] is voiceless. This means that this sound is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds. |Voiceless implosive|voiceless implosive=* The [[airstream mechanism]] is [[implosive consonant|implosive]] (glottalic ingressive). This means that this sound is produced by pulling air in by pushing the [[glottis]] downward. As it is voiceless, the glottis is completely closed, and there is no pulmonic airstream at all. |Voiceless short|voiceless short=* The [[phonation]] is voiceless. This means that this sound is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. }}<noinclude> [[Category:Language templates]] </noinclude> 1lyrexwuc3322nsdglvphc218d6b7ds 0 23003 148823 148505 2026-04-01T03:39:04Z FonzuHarp 16623 Лист бокыс ыстӧма [[Гӧлӧстӧг альвеолярнӧй плозивнӧй#Стоматологическӧй]] вылӧ 148823 wikitext text/x-wiki #перенаправление [[Гӧлӧстӧг альвеолярнӧй плозивнӧй#Стоматологическӧй]] k4ajdzin1g592x0yiblvy4nhh96cpnm 0 23049 148822 148564 2026-04-01T03:38:15Z FonzuHarp 16623 148822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox IPA|ipa symbol=t}} Гӧлӧстӧм альвеолярнӧй плозив — тайӧ ӧтувъя согласнӧй шы сикас, кутшӧм паныдасьлӧ кутшӧмсюрӧ сёрнитан кывъясын. [[Войтыркостса фонетика анбур]]ын символыс — {{Angbr|t}}. ==Стоматологическӧй== {{infobox IPA |ipa number=103 408 |ipa symbol=t̪ |ipa symbol2=[[File:Latin letter t with left hook.png|30px]] |decimal1=116 |decimal2=810 |x-sampa=t_d |imagefile=IPA Unicode 0x0074+0x032A.svg }} Гӧлӧстӧм зумыд плозив — тайӧ согласнӧй (точнее хондоид), петкӧдлӧма [t̪] символӧн Международнӧй фонетическӧй алфавитын (МФА). ==Ӧтдор йитӧдъяс== {{IPA navigation}} fahiibszrxd0ds9fi5y9r4hgcjmme3w 10 23182 148817 2026-03-31T20:18:14Z Frhdkazan 6358 Лӧсьӧдӧма "Basílica de Santa Francesca Romana, Roma, Italia, 2022-09-15, DD 51-53 HDR.jpg"-а лист бок 148817 wikitext text/x-wiki Basílica de Santa Francesca Romana, Roma, Italia, 2022-09-15, DD 51-53 HDR.jpg hsiwgw1uep8yvtjk5xdmzfy1q2wrl1g 10 23183 148818 2026-03-31T20:23:34Z Frhdkazan 6358 Лӧсьӧдӧма "Brewing Coffee with Moka Alessi and Peugeot Bresil Mill - ASMR Coffee Making.webm"-а лист бок 148818 wikitext text/x-wiki Brewing Coffee with Moka Alessi and Peugeot Bresil Mill - ASMR Coffee Making.webm e2e8b3tv3nh63agbhdl9xjaswx86vsv 10 23184 148826 2026-04-01T09:36:10Z Frhdkazan 6358 Лӧсьӧдӧма "Poplar hawk-moth (Laothoe populi populi) male.jpg"-а лист бок 148826 wikitext text/x-wiki Poplar hawk-moth (Laothoe populi populi) male.jpg l7iip8ryqli1nu2tvvevioft2v3s9hl