Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.46.0-wmf.24 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae Adumbratio Disputatio Adumbrationis TimedText TimedText talk Modulus Disputatio Moduli Event Event talk 0 260 3957322 3472643 2026-04-27T21:27:13Z Neander 1973 3957322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{discretiva}} '''Genus''' {{victio|genus|eris|n}} est: # [[Genus (grammatica)|Genus]] in [[grammatica]] # [[Genus (grammatica Latina)|Genus]] in [[grammatica]] [[Lingua Latina|Latina]] # [[Verbum (temporale)#Genera verborum|Genus verbi]] in [[grammatica]] # [[Genus (taxinomia)|Genus]], gradus [[taxinomia|taxinomicus]] # [[Genus (ars)|Genus]] in litteris, musica etc. # [[Familia|Genus]], h.e. [[familia]] # [[Genus (societas)|Genus]], h.e. sexus socialis htmjgd1bf2utc9h82imfkmq6r1iczo6 0 263 3957356 3651163 2026-04-28T01:34:09Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nexus externi */ 3957356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:ParisBibNatMSLat17655GregToursInitialP.jpg|thumb|200px|Liber manu scriptus operis Gregorii in bibliotheca nationali Franciae]] '''Gregorius Turonensis''' (natus "Georgius Florentius" [[Augustonemetum|Augustonemeti]] [[Gallia]]e die [[30 Novembris]] [[538]]; mortuus [[Turonum|Turoni]] in [[urbs|urbe]] verisimile [[17 Novembris]] [[594]]) fuit [[episcopus]] et [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Gallia]]e [[Merovingi|aetatis Merovingicae]]. Ab anno [[573]], munere [[episcopus|episcopi]] [[Turonum|Turonensis]] fungebatur. Saeculo quodam posteriori ab [[Ecclesia Catholica]] in numerum sanctorum relatus est. Gregorius Turonensis praeclarus Christianae Latinitatis scriptor est, cuius in celeberrimorum operum numero ''[[Historia Francorum|Decem libri historiarum]]'' et ''Vita [[Sanctus Martinus Turonensis|Sancti Martini Turonensis]]'' ducuntur. == Opera == * ''[[Historia Francorum|Decem libri historiarum]]'' quorum quattuor primi narrationem de mundi historia, i.e. a creatione peccatoque Adami Hevaeque usque ad Gregorii vitae dies, continent. Sequentibus autem in libris res gestae tempore Sancti Gregorii vitae relatae sunt. Aevum quo Gregorius vitam suam egit, turbidissimum fuisse videtur, regno Francorum inter fratres Guntram, Charibertum I, Chilpericum I et Sigebertum I diviso; [[Fredegarius]] opus Gregorii continuavit * ''[[Vita patrum]]'' * ''[[De miraculis beati Andreae apostoli]]'' * ''[[De miraculis sancti Martini episcopi]]'' * ''[[De passione sancti Iuliani martyris]]'' * ''[[De gloria confessorum]]'' * ''[[Commentarii in psalmos (Gregorius Turonensis)|Commentarii in psalmos]]'' * ''[[De cursu stellarum ratio]]'' === Opera incerta === * ''[[Vita sancti Aridii abbatis]]'' * ''[[Vita sancti Maurilii Andegavorum episcopi]]'' * ''[[Historia septem dormientium (Gregorius Turonensis)|Historia septem dormientium]]'' * ''[[Antiphona de sanctis Medardo et Gildardo episcopis]]'' * ''[[Prosa de sancto Martino]]'' == Fontes de vita Gregorii Turonensis == * [[Odo Cluniacensis|Odonis]], abbatis ut videtur Cluniacensis, ''[[Vita sancti Gregorii episcopi Turonensis]]'' == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Collectiones operum * 1522 : ''B. Gregorii, Turonensis episcopi, historiarum precipue gallicarum lib. X. In vitas patrum fere sui tempori lib. I. De Gloria confessorum praecipue gallorum lib. I ...'' Parisiis: ab impressore [[Iodocus Badius Ascensius|Jodoco Badio]] et Joanne Parvo {{Google Books|l0A8AAAAcAAJ}} ; Eruditio * [[Ludovicus Halphen|Louis Halphen]], ''Grégoire de Tours'', 1920 {{Ling|Francogallice}} == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{vicifons|Gregorius Turonensis}} {{victionarium|Gregorius Turonensis}} * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/gregorytours.html Gregorii Turonensis ''Historiae Francorum'' libri X] * [http://books.google.com/books?id=6oB3k9PfPGgC Gregorii Turonensis opuscula quaedam] editore Henrico Leonardo Bordier {{Lifetime|538|594|Gregorius Turonensis}} [[Categoria:Auctores Latini mediaevales]] [[Categoria:Biographi]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Turonenses]] [[Categoria:Historici Franciae]] [[Categoria:Sancti]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Gregorius Turonensis|!]] dxwp7vdvx1aie7e92ytu79ttafusp5x 0 3262 3957349 3710006 2026-04-28T00:44:29Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Mortui */ 3957349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Decennium|192|MCMXIV}} == Eventa == === Mense Iunio === * [[28 Iunii]] - [[Gabriel Princip]] [[Seraium|Seraii]] [[Franciscus Ferdinandus|Franciscum Ferdinandum]] familiae [[Habsburgum|Habsburgi]], successorem [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum|imperatoris]] [[Franciscus Iosephus I|Francisci Iosephi I]] et uxorem eius [[Sophia Chotek von Chotkowa|Sophiam]] necavit. Hoc scelus fuit causa [[primum bellum mundanum|primi belli mundani]]. === Mense Iulio === * [[24 Iulii]] - [[Nicolaus II (imperator Russiae)|Nicolaus II]] imperator [[Imperium Russicum|Russiae]] se [[Serbia]]e periclitanti non defuturum. * [[28 Iulii]] - [[Primum bellum mundanum]] coepit, cum [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum]] regno [[Serbia]]e bellum inferret. === Mense Augusto === * [[27 Augusti]] - Milites alligatorum [[Togum]], coloniam [[Imperium Germanicum|Imperii Germanici]], occupaverunt. === Mense Septembri === * [[2 Septembris]] - Consilium ministrorum [[Francia]]e ab impetu exercitus [[Imperium Germanicum (1871-1918)|Germanici]] a [[Lutetia]] in [[Burdigala]]m fugit. * [[22 Septembris]] - [[Josephus Joffre|Iosepho Ioffre]] duce milites [[Francia]]e impetum maximum contra exercitus [[Germania]]e coeperunt. == Nati == === Mense Februario === * [[3 Februarii]] - [[Bohumil Hrabal]], scriptor [[Bohemia|Bohemicus]], mortuus est anno [[1997]]. * [[5 Februarii]] ** [[Silvius Magnago]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Alta Athesia - Tirolis Meridionalis|Altae Athesiae - Tirolis Meridionalis]]. Mortuus est anno [[2010]]. ** [[Gulielmus Seward Burroughs II]], [[scriptor mythistoriarum]] et [[scriptor fabularum brevium]] [[CFA|Americanus]];mortuus est anno [[1997]]. * [[22 Februarii]] - [[Renatus Dulbecco]], [[biologia|biologus]] [[CFA|Americanus]] oriundus e [[Italia]]; mortuus est anno [[2012]]. === Mense Martio === * [[11 Martii]] - [[Álvarus del Portillo]] , episcopus prælatusque [[Opus Dei|Operis Dei]] (mortuus [[1994]]). * [[21 Martii]] - [[Paulus Tortelier]], [[violoncellum|violunculista]] et [[compositor]] [[Francia|Francicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1990]]. * [[31 Martii]] - [[Octavius Paz]], scriptor [[Mexicum|Mexicanus]]; mortuus est anno [[1998]]. === Mense Aprili === * [[8 Aprilis]] - [[Maria Felix]], actrix [[Mexicum|Mexicana]]; mortua est anno [[2002]]. * [[19 Aprilis]] - [[Hugo Poletti]], archiepiscopus [[Spoletium|Spoletii]] ac [[cardinalis]] [[Ecclesia catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]] (mortuus anno [[1997]]). * [[20 Aprilis]] - [[Georgius Ştefănescu]], [[pictor]] et [[sculptor]] [[Romania|Dacoromanus]]; mortuus est anno [[2007]]. === Mense Maio === * [[18 Maii]] - [[Boris Christov]], cantor Bulgaricus, mortuus anno [[1993]]. === Mense Iunio === * [[14 Iunii]] - [[Iulius Cseszneky de Milvány et Csesznegh]], [[miles]], [[vir publicus]], [[poeta]] Hungaricus et [[translator]] e [[lingua Italiana]]; mortuus est circa annum [[1970]]. * [[15 Iunii]] - [[Georgius Andropov]] [[Unio Sovietica|Unionis Sovieticae]] dux (mortuus [[1984]]). === Mense Iulio === * [[8 Iulii]] - [[Conradinus Bonorand]], pastor [[reformatio|reformatus]] et [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Helvetia|Helveticus]]; mortuus est anno [[1996]]. * [[9 Iulii]] - [[Gulielmus Stoph]], vir publicus [[Res publica Democratica Germanica|Rei publicae Democraticae Germanicae]] (RDG) et sodalis [[SED]]; mortuus est anno [[1999]]. * [[19 Iulii]] - [[Evaldus Bucher]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] factionis primo [[FDP]], deinde [[CDU]]; mortuus est anno [[1991]]. === Mense Augusto === * [[3 Augusti]] - [[Marcus Kac]], [[mathematicus]] [[Polonia|Polonus]]-[[CFA|Americanus]]; mortuus est anno [[1984]]. === Mense Septembri === * [[5 Septembris]] - [[Edmundus Bernacca]], [[meteorologus]] [[Italia]]nus; mortuus est anno [[1993]]. * [[7 Septembris]] - [[Iacobus van Allen]], astrophysicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; mortuus est anno [[2006]]. === Mense Octobri === * [[21 Octobris]] - [[Martinus Gardner]], [[CFA|Americanus]] [[polymathes]] et [[scriptor]] de [[mathematica]] et [[Scientia (ratio)|scientia]]; mortuus est anno [[2010]]. === Mense Novembri === * [[5 Novembris]] - [[Herbertus Czaja]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]], sodalis factionis [[CDU]] atque praeses Societatis Exsulum ([[Germanice]] ''Bundes der Vertriebenen''); mortuus est anno [[1994]]. * [[13 Novembris]] - [[Paulus Lücke]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] et sodalis factionis [[CDU]]; mortuus est anno [[1976]]. === Mense Decembri === * [[14 Decembris]] ** [[Carolus Carstens]], praeses [[Germania]]e (mortuus [[1992]]). ** [[Ave Ninchi]], actrix [[Italia|Italica]]; mortua est anno [[1997]]. ** [[Martinus Sicherl]], [[philologus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[2009]]. === Ignotis diebus === * [[Selahattin Ülkümen]], legatus [[Turcia]]e; mortuus est anno [[2003]]. * [[Christa Beran]], [[Austria]]ca quae inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] mulieri et sociae suae [[Iudaei|Iudaicae]] a [[NSDAP|Nazistis]] vexatae auxilium dedit; mortua est ignoto die. == Mortui == === Mense Martio === * [[31 Martii]] - [[Christianus Morgenstern]], porta [[Germania|Theodiscus]]; natus anno [[1871]]. === Mense Aprili === * [[11 Aprilis]] - [[Helena Guerra]], sancta [[Italia|Italica]]; nata anno [[1835]]. === Mense Iunio === * [[21 Iunii]] - [[Bertha de Suttner]], pugnatrix pacis [[Austria]]ca (nata [[1843]]) * Ex fama: [[Ambrosius Bierce]], [[poeta]] et [[miles]] [[CFA|Americanus]] === Mense Iulio === * [[11 Iulii]] - [[Iulius Rodenberg]], [[diurnarius]] et [[scriptor]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1831]]. * [[31 Iulii]] - [[Ioannes Jaurès]], assecla [[socialismus|socialismi]] [[Francia|Francogallicus]]; natus anno [[1859]]. === Mense Augusto === * [[9 Augusti]] - [[Rudolphus Manga Bell]], gentis [[Cameronia]]e ''[[Douala]]'' rex supplicio affectus est; natus anno [[1873]]. === Mense Septembri === * [[30 Septembris]] - [[Yu Gil-jun]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Corea]]nus; natus anno [[1856]]. === Mense Octobri === * [[29 Octobris]] - [[Felix Bracquemond]], calcographus et [[pictor]] [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus anno [[1833]]. === Mense Novembri === * [[24 Novembris]] - [[Aemilius Visconti Venosta]], vir publicus [[Italia]]nus; natus anno [[1829]]. == Bibliographia == * [[Lucianus Canfora|Canfora, Lucianus]]. ''1914.'' Sellerio. ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]). Confer [https://web.archive.org/web/20070826213232/http://www.radio.rai.it/radio2/alleotto/1914/index.cfm], versionem radiophonicam. 8sfdrdk8bqt066za7gl5ncacw64xhkl 3957351 3957349 2026-04-28T00:54:02Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Mense Augusto */ 3957351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Decennium|192|MCMXIV}} == Eventa == === Mense Iunio === * [[28 Iunii]] - [[Gabriel Princip]] [[Seraium|Seraii]] [[Franciscus Ferdinandus|Franciscum Ferdinandum]] familiae [[Habsburgum|Habsburgi]], successorem [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum|imperatoris]] [[Franciscus Iosephus I|Francisci Iosephi I]] et uxorem eius [[Sophia Chotek von Chotkowa|Sophiam]] necavit. Hoc scelus fuit causa [[primum bellum mundanum|primi belli mundani]]. === Mense Iulio === * [[24 Iulii]] - [[Nicolaus II (imperator Russiae)|Nicolaus II]] imperator [[Imperium Russicum|Russiae]] se [[Serbia]]e periclitanti non defuturum. * [[28 Iulii]] - [[Primum bellum mundanum]] coepit, cum [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum]] regno [[Serbia]]e bellum inferret. === Mense Augusto === * [[27 Augusti]] - Milites alligatorum [[Togum]], coloniam [[Imperium Germanicum|Imperii Germanici]], occupaverunt. === Mense Septembri === * [[2 Septembris]] - Consilium ministrorum [[Francia]]e ab impetu exercitus [[Imperium Germanicum (1871-1918)|Germanici]] a [[Lutetia]] in [[Burdigala]]m fugit. * [[22 Septembris]] - [[Josephus Joffre|Iosepho Ioffre]] duce milites [[Francia]]e impetum maximum contra exercitus [[Germania]]e coeperunt. == Nati == === Mense Februario === * [[3 Februarii]] - [[Bohumil Hrabal]], scriptor [[Bohemia|Bohemicus]], mortuus est anno [[1997]]. * [[5 Februarii]] ** [[Silvius Magnago]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Alta Athesia - Tirolis Meridionalis|Altae Athesiae - Tirolis Meridionalis]]. Mortuus est anno [[2010]]. ** [[Gulielmus Seward Burroughs II]], [[scriptor mythistoriarum]] et [[scriptor fabularum brevium]] [[CFA|Americanus]];mortuus est anno [[1997]]. * [[22 Februarii]] - [[Renatus Dulbecco]], [[biologia|biologus]] [[CFA|Americanus]] oriundus e [[Italia]]; mortuus est anno [[2012]]. === Mense Martio === * [[11 Martii]] - [[Álvarus del Portillo]] , episcopus prælatusque [[Opus Dei|Operis Dei]] (mortuus [[1994]]). * [[21 Martii]] - [[Paulus Tortelier]], [[violoncellum|violunculista]] et [[compositor]] [[Francia|Francicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1990]]. * [[31 Martii]] - [[Octavius Paz]], scriptor [[Mexicum|Mexicanus]]; mortuus est anno [[1998]]. === Mense Aprili === * [[8 Aprilis]] - [[Maria Felix]], actrix [[Mexicum|Mexicana]]; mortua est anno [[2002]]. * [[19 Aprilis]] - [[Hugo Poletti]], archiepiscopus [[Spoletium|Spoletii]] ac [[cardinalis]] [[Ecclesia catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]] (mortuus anno [[1997]]). * [[20 Aprilis]] - [[Georgius Ştefănescu]], [[pictor]] et [[sculptor]] [[Romania|Dacoromanus]]; mortuus est anno [[2007]]. === Mense Maio === * [[18 Maii]] - [[Boris Christov]], cantor Bulgaricus, mortuus anno [[1993]]. === Mense Iunio === * [[14 Iunii]] - [[Iulius Cseszneky de Milvány et Csesznegh]], [[miles]], [[vir publicus]], [[poeta]] Hungaricus et [[translator]] e [[lingua Italiana]]; mortuus est circa annum [[1970]]. * [[15 Iunii]] - [[Georgius Andropov]] [[Unio Sovietica|Unionis Sovieticae]] dux (mortuus [[1984]]). === Mense Iulio === * [[8 Iulii]] - [[Conradinus Bonorand]], pastor [[reformatio|reformatus]] et [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Helvetia|Helveticus]]; mortuus est anno [[1996]]. * [[9 Iulii]] - [[Gulielmus Stoph]], vir publicus [[Res publica Democratica Germanica|Rei publicae Democraticae Germanicae]] (RDG) et sodalis [[SED]]; mortuus est anno [[1999]]. * [[19 Iulii]] - [[Evaldus Bucher]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] factionis primo [[FDP]], deinde [[CDU]]; mortuus est anno [[1991]]. === Mense Augusto === * [[3 Augusti]] - [[Marcus Kac]], [[mathematicus]] [[Polonia|Polonus]]-[[CFA|Americanus]]; mortuus est anno [[1984]]. === Mense Septembri === * [[5 Septembris]] - [[Edmundus Bernacca]], [[meteorologus]] [[Italia]]nus; mortuus est anno [[1993]]. * [[7 Septembris]] - [[Iacobus van Allen]], astrophysicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; mortuus est anno [[2006]]. === Mense Octobri === * [[21 Octobris]] - [[Martinus Gardner]], [[CFA|Americanus]] [[polymathes]] et [[scriptor]] de [[mathematica]] et [[Scientia (ratio)|scientia]]; mortuus est anno [[2010]]. === Mense Novembri === * [[5 Novembris]] - [[Herbertus Czaja]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]], sodalis factionis [[CDU]] atque praeses Societatis Exsulum ([[Germanice]] ''Bundes der Vertriebenen''); mortuus est anno [[1994]]. * [[13 Novembris]] - [[Paulus Lücke]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] et sodalis factionis [[CDU]]; mortuus est anno [[1976]]. === Mense Decembri === * [[14 Decembris]] ** [[Carolus Carstens]], praeses [[Germania]]e (mortuus [[1992]]). ** [[Ave Ninchi]], actrix [[Italia|Italica]]; mortua est anno [[1997]]. ** [[Martinus Sicherl]], [[philologus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[2009]]. === Ignotis diebus === * [[Selahattin Ülkümen]], legatus [[Turcia]]e; mortuus est anno [[2003]]. * [[Christa Beran]], [[Austria]]ca quae inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] mulieri et sociae suae [[Iudaei|Iudaicae]] a [[NSDAP|Nazistis]] vexatae auxilium dedit; mortua est ignoto die. == Mortui == === Mense Martio === * [[31 Martii]] - [[Christianus Morgenstern]], porta [[Germania|Theodiscus]]; natus anno [[1871]]. === Mense Aprili === * [[11 Aprilis]] - [[Helena Guerra]], sancta [[Italia|Italica]]; nata anno [[1835]]. === Mense Iunio === * [[21 Iunii]] - [[Bertha de Suttner]], pugnatrix pacis [[Austria]]ca (nata [[1843]]) * Ex fama: [[Ambrosius Bierce]], [[poeta]] et [[miles]] [[CFA|Americanus]] === Mense Iulio === * [[11 Iulii]] - [[Iulius Rodenberg]], [[diurnarius]] et [[scriptor]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1831]]. * [[31 Iulii]] - [[Ioannes Jaurès]], assecla [[socialismus|socialismi]] [[Francia|Francogallicus]]; natus anno [[1859]]. === Mense Augusto === * [[9 Augusti]] - [[Rudolphus Manga Bell]], gentis [[Cameronia]]e ''[[Douala]]'' rex supplicio affectus est; natus est anno [[1873]]. * [[20 Augusti]] - [[Pius X]], [[sanctus]], papa [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]]; natus est anno [[1835]]. === Mense Septembri === * [[30 Septembris]] - [[Yu Gil-jun]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Corea]]nus; natus anno [[1856]]. === Mense Octobri === * [[29 Octobris]] - [[Felix Bracquemond]], calcographus et [[pictor]] [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus anno [[1833]]. === Mense Novembri === * [[24 Novembris]] - [[Aemilius Visconti Venosta]], vir publicus [[Italia]]nus; natus anno [[1829]]. == Bibliographia == * [[Lucianus Canfora|Canfora, Lucianus]]. ''1914.'' Sellerio. ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]). Confer [https://web.archive.org/web/20070826213232/http://www.radio.rai.it/radio2/alleotto/1914/index.cfm], versionem radiophonicam. 6blys1it5tpc7gc6cwrouc7lywcsarx 0 3793 3957314 3957024 2026-04-27T20:15:06Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 /* Eventa */ 3957314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Eventus currens}} {{Decennium|203|MMXXVI}} == Eventa == * 1 Ianuarii: [[Bulgaria]] [[euro]]nem monetam induxit. * 3 Ianuarii: [[Nicolaus Maduro]] [[Venetiola]]e praeses a militibus [[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum]] raptus est; [[Caracae]] multis ictibus affliguntur. * 6 Ianuarii: [[Leo XIV|Leo papa XIV]] [[Iubilaeum anni 2025]] claudit. * 7 Ianuarii: Necatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Renatae Good||en|qid=Q137723290}} inter Operationem "Metro Surge" ad protestationes [[Minneapolis]] excitat. * 15 Ianuarii: [[Vicipaedia]], anno 2001 a [[Iacobus Wales|Iacobo Wales]] et [[Laurentius Sanger|Laurentio Sanger]] condita, annum vicesimum quintum celebrat. * 22 Ianuarii: [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] ab [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|Ordine Mundi Sanitarii]] se recedunt. * 28 Ianuarii: [[Sarah Mullally]] prima femina fit quae [[Ecclesia Anglicana|Ecclesiae Anglicanae]] praeest. * 30 Ianuarii: Tria miliones paginarum ad acta [[Galfridus Epstein|Epstein]] pertinentium publicantur, multae personae publicae clarissimae toto orbe terrarum commemorantur. * 2–6 Februarii: [[Curdistania Syriaca|Curdistaniam Syriacam]] [[Ahmedus Husainus al-Shara|rectio Damasci nova]] sibi adiungit. * 6 Februarii: [[Olympia hiemalia 2026|Olympia hiemalia]] in [[Italia]] simul [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]], [[Cortina Ampecanorum|Cortinae Ampecanorum]], [[Pralatium|Pralatii]], [[Livignum|Livigni]] et [[Resinae|Ante Silvam]] patefiunt. * 21 Februarii: Bellum inter [[Afghania]] et [[Pakistania]] erumpit. * 28 Februarii: Civitas [[Israël]] et [[Civitates Foederatae]] impetum in [[Irania]]m faciunt, impetum praeemptivum appellantes. * 1 Martii: Irania [[Fretum Ormusense]] commeatui maritimo claudit. * 8 Martii: [[Mojtaba Khamenei|Mojtaba Husainus Khamenei]], [[Ali Khamenei|Alii]] necati filius, magnus dux [[Irania]]e eligitur. * 31 Martii: In [[Mongolia]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Uchral Nyam-Osor||en|qid=Q110962738}}, post abdicationem Gombojavyn Zandanshatar, primus minister iurat. * 6 Aprilis: [[Programma Artemis|Artemis II]] cum quattuor astronautis Lunam circumvolat et 11 Aprilis feliciter in Tellurem revertitur. * 9 Aprilis: [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitates Foederatae]] et [[Irania]] indutiis pactionem faciunt, colloquiisque ut discrimen inter se componant. * 26 Aprilis: [[Sebastianus Sawe]] Londinii primus homo [[Cursus Marathonius|cursum Marathonium]] minore tempore quam duabus horis perficit. == Nati == {{Nati desiderati}} == Mortui == * [[8 Ianuarii]]: [[Ludovicus E. Brus]], chimicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1943]]. * [[10 Ianuarii]]: [[Ericus de Däniken]], scriptor [[Helvetia|Helvetiae]]; natus est anno [[1935]]. * [[13 Ianuarii]]: [[Georgius Basiliu]], politicus [[Cyprus|Cypri]]; natus est anno [[1931]]. * [[16 Ianuarii]]: [[Ludovica Diogo]], politica [[Mozambicum|Mozambici]]; nata est anno [[1958]]. * [[24 Ianuarii]] ** [[David Abulafia]], historicus [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]]; natus est anno [[1949]]. ** [[Gulielmus Foege]], [[medicus]] et [[epidemiologia|epidemiologus]] [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1936]]. * [[25 Ianuarii]]: [[Yi Haechan]], politicus [[Res publica Coreana|Rei publicae Coreanae]]; natus est anno [[1952]]. * [[26 Ianuarii]]: [[Sia Figiel]], poeta, scriptrix, et pictrix [[Samoa]]na; nata est anno [[1967]]. * [[1 Februarii]]: [[Rita Süssmuth]], politica [[Germania|Germanica]]; nata est anno [[1937]]. * [[11 Februarii]]: [[Iacobus van der Beek]], actor [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1977]]. * [[15 Februarii]]: [[Robertus Duvall]], actor et moderator cinematographicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1931]]. * [[19 Februarii]]: [[Polycarpus Pengo]], archiepiscopus [[Tanzania|Tanzanicus]]; natus est anno [[1944]]. * [[28 Februarii]]: [[Ali Khamenei]], magnus dux [[Irania]]e, ab [[Israel]]e occiditur; natus est anno [[1939]]. * [[1 Martii]]: [[David Oddi filius]], politicus [[Islandia|Islandicus]]; natus est anno [[1948]]. * [[5 Martii]]: [[Antonius Lobo Antunes]], scriptor et psychologus [[Portugallia|Lusitanus]]; natus est anno [[1942]]. * [[8 Martii]]: [[Antonius Iacobus Leggett]], physicus [[Regnum Britanniarum|Britannicus]]; natus est anno [[1936]]. * [[12 Martii]]: [[Ioachimus Wanke]], episcopus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1941]]. * [[14 Martii]]: **[[Georgius Habermas]], philosophus continentalis et sociologus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1929]]. **[[Christophorus A. Sims]], oeconomiae peritus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1942]]. * [[17 Martii]]: [[Ilia II]], patriarcha Ecclesiae Orthodoxae Georgianae [[Russia|Russicus]]; natus est anno [[1933]]. * [[19 Martii]]: ** [[Humbertus Bossi]], politicus [[Italia|Italianus]]; natus est anno [[1941]]. ** [[Carolus Norris]], artifex martialis [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1940]]. * [[22 Martii]]: [[Leonillus Jospin]], politicus [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1937]]. * [[6 Aprilis]]: [[Christianus Schwarz-Schilling]], politicus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1930]]. * [[8 Aprilis]]: [[Carolus Delhez]], presbyter et sociologicus [[Belgica|Belgicus]]; natus est anno [[1951]]. * [[9 Aprilis]]: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Björgvin Halldórsson||en|qid=Q879495}}, musicus [[Islandia|Islandicus]]; natus est anno [[1951]]. * [[24 Aprilis]]: [[Sophia Zdybicka]], philosopha et monacha [[Polonia|Polonica]]; nata est anno [[1928]]. c0w3cst4n1bhwjuxim0evgufkl0pr5q 0 4506 3957309 2405005 2026-04-27T20:05:05Z StannileiusIohnsonius 208506 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 3957309 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Godfrey_of_Bouillon,_holding_a_pollaxe._(Manta_Castle,_Cuneo,_Italy.jpg|thumb|Triscuspide armatus [[Godefridus Bullionaeus]].]] '''Aza''', Latinitate pura '''Tricuspis''' vel '''Tripuncta''', est [[armamentum inhastatum]] malleo similis. [[Petrus Montius]] ita describit: :"Aza vulgariter assumpta ferrum et lignum continet et sic inter [[arma]] inhastata intelligitur. In longitudine est aliquanto maior homine: In superiori parte se habet quodammodo ut martellus nisi quod superius partem habet cuspidem et una pars martelli est obtusa: alia vero acuta. In inferiori parte que calx vocatur alia cuspis inest quoniam sepissime cum calce aze decertari debet." (''Collectanea'' 1.1) : "Aza sive tripuncta in longitudine usque ad martellum ex quantitie unius manus esse debet longior homine ipsam deportante" (''ibid.'' 2.12) == Nexus == [http://www.thearma.org/spotlight/lejeudelahache.htm Lusus Azarum] ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]) [[Categoria:Arma nociva]] 5ifxjohr0vhevz9alu610xr3ydw9lj0 3957331 3957309 2026-04-27T22:16:56Z IacobusAmor 1163 Nexus "Anglice" iam adest. 3957331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Godfrey_of_Bouillon,_holding_a_pollaxe._(Manta_Castle,_Cuneo,_Italy.jpg|thumb|Triscuspide armatus [[Godefridus Bullionaeus]].]] '''Aza''', Latinitate pura '''Tricuspis''' vel '''Tripuncta''', est [[armamentum inhastatum]] malleo similis. [[Petrus Montius]] ita describit: :"Aza vulgariter assumpta ferrum et lignum continet et sic inter [[arma]] inhastata intelligitur. In longitudine est aliquanto maior homine: In superiori parte se habet quodammodo ut martellus nisi quod superius partem habet cuspidem et una pars martelli est obtusa: alia vero acuta. In inferiori parte que calx vocatur alia cuspis inest quoniam sepissime cum calce aze decertari debet." (''Collectanea'' 1.1) : "Aza sive tripuncta in longitudine usque ad martellum ex quantitie unius manus esse debet longior homine ipsam deportante" (''ibid.'' 2.12) == Nexus == [http://www.thearma.org/spotlight/lejeudelahache.htm Lusus Azarum] ([[Anglice]]) [[Categoria:Arma nociva]] hgt2st8iwek25dgp14r5gm9r7uzspap 0 4677 3957276 3956780 2026-04-27T15:56:30Z ~2026-25515-48 208594 correctio 3957276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{titulus italicus}}{{L-1}} {{Videhom|Carmina Burana (Orff)}} [[Fasciculus:CarminaBurana wheel.jpg|thumb|[[Rota fortunae]] in [[codex|codice]] Burano picta carmenque [[Gualterus de Castellione|Gualteri de Castellione]] "[[Fas et nefas ambulant passu fere pari]]" (19) exscriptum.]] '''''Carmina Burana''''' sunt congeries [[poëma]]tum et [[cantiuncula]]rum [[Medium Aevum|Medii Aevi]], anno circiter [[1230]] manu scripta in [[codex|codice]] olim apud [[monasterium Buranum]], hodie in [[Bibliotheca Civica Bavariensis|Bibliotheca Civica Bavariensi]]<ref>Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm (= codex latinus Monacensis) 4660.</ref> servato. Maxima eorum carminum pars [[Latine]], pauca in linguis [[lingua Theodisca mediaevalis|Theodisca]] aut [[lingua Francogallica antiqua|Francogallica]] mediaevalibus, aliqua [[Latinitas culinaria|macaronice]] composita sunt. Multa sine nomine auctoris rescribuntur; sed codex est fons praecipuus operum [[Archipoeta]]e, [[Gualterus de Castellione|Gualteri de Castellione]], et [[Petrus Blesensis|Petri Blesensis]]. [[Carolus Orff]] anno [[1936]] composuit [[cantata]]m iuxta textus ''Carminum Buranorum'' selectorum, quae [[Carmina Burana (Orff)|sub eodem titulo]] praeclara facta est. ==Ordo carminum== {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} Carmina sunt in partes [[sex]] ordinata: *''Carmina ecclesiastica'' *''Carmina moralia et satirica'' (ut exempli gratia ''[[Evangelium secundum marcas argenti]]'') *''Carmina amatoria'' *''Carmina potoria'' (parodias etiam comprehendentia) *''Ludi'' (ludi religiosi) *''Supplementum'' (versiones aliquorum carminum variantes) == Argumenta == === De avaritia, simonia et nummi potestate === Prima codicis pars fundamentum habet morale ac satyricum, quod praecipue in vitiis curiae Romanae et in mutatione oeconomica illius aetatis versatur. Cum enim pecuniaria res pro feudali mutuitate succederet, auctores queruntur pristinas necessitudines corrumpi <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 138, 142.</ref>. Satyra igitur non modo singulorum cupiditatem perstringit, sed etiam ecclesiastica munera ac iustitiam ipsam venalia facta denuntiat <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 17, 139.</ref>. In his carminibus [[Nummus]] personatus inducitur, qui quasi numen quoddam mundum sublunarem regit, virtute posthabita: ''"In terra summus rex est hoc tempore Nummus / Nummum mirantur reges et proceres venerantur"'' <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 127, 243.</ref>. In [[In terra summus|CB 11]] rhetorica repetitio demonstrat quomodo opes scelestos nobilitent, pauperes silentio obruant ac tripartitum societatis ordinem (inter clericos, milites et agricolas) penitus evertant <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 127.</ref>. Proprium est culturae scholasticae chiericorum satyram per grammaticas metaphoras explicare. Sic in [[Manus ferens munera|CB 1]] et [[Est modus in verbis|CB 20]] ludi verborum de declinationibus inveniuntur: "ablativi" (a verbo auferendi ducti) dicuntur vivos devorare, dum divites negant se verbum "dare" coniugare posse, mari insatiabili comparati <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 139, 140, 274.</ref>. Denique evanescentem liberalitatem (seu ''largitatem'') carmina omnia ut praecipuam causam mundi decidentis deplorant <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 139, 270.</ref>. Huc pertinent: [[Manus ferens munera|CB 1]], [[Responde, qui tanta cupis|CB 2]], [[Ecce torpet probitas|CB 3]], [[Amaris stupens casibus|CB 4]], [[Flete flenda|CB 5]], [[Licet eger cum egrotis|CB 8]], [[Iudas gehennam meruit|CB 9]], [[Ecce sonat in aperto|CB 10]], [[In terra summus|CB 11]], [[Fas et nefas ambulant|CB 19]], [[Est modus in verbis|CB 20]], [[Propter Sion non tacebo|CB 41]], [[Utar contra vitia|CB 42]], [[In illo tempore|CB 44]], [[Dic, Christi veritas|CB 131]], [[Bulla fulminante|CB 131a]], [[Artifex, qui condidit|CB 224]], [[Sacerdotes et levite|CB 225]], [[Mundus est in varium|CB 226]]. === Fortuna et instabilitas mundi sublunaris === Argumentum [[Fortuna|Fortunae]] quasi compages totius experientiae humanae in hoc terrarum orbe fungitur, qua inconstantia et transitus rerum mundanarum ostenduntur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 74, 94.</ref> Poesis Burana, philosophia [[Boethius|Boetii]] imbuta, Fortunam fingit vim variam ac mutabilem, quae res gestas tam publicas quam privatas moderatur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 73, 93.</ref> Imago primaria est [[Rota Fortunae|rota]], in qua ascensus ad potentiam casum inevitabilem praecedit; quod clarissime demonstratur in imagine picta primi folii, ubi quattuor reges cum sententiis "regnabo, regno, regnavi, sum sine regno" depinguntur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 93, 162.</ref> In [[O Fortuna|CB 17]] dea [[Luna]]e ob perennem commutationem comparatur: ''O Fortuna, velut luna statu variabilis, semper crescis aut decrescis''.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 110, 213.</ref> [[O varium Fortune|CB 14]] hanc notionem exemplis historicis (scilicet [[Troia]], [[Roma]], [[Carthago]], [[Darius I|Dario]] et [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Pompeio]]) confirmat, docens nullam gloriam terrestrem a fati levitate immunem esse: ''Edificat Fortuna, diruit; nunc abdicat quos prius coluit''.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 97, 131, 172.</ref> Huic instabilitati virtus [[Constantia (philosophia)|constantiae]] opponitur, quae sapienti quasi unicum praesidium mentis exstat, ut in [[Celum, non animum|CB 15]] legitur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 103, 189.</ref> Aleae denique ac [[tessera]]e in hoc codice allegoriae vivae evadunt incertitudinis exsistentialis, qua homo nudus et infamis redditur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 110, 170.</ref> Haec argumenta praecipue in carminibus [[O varium Fortune|CB 14]], [[Celum, non animum|CB 15]], [[Fortune plango vulnera|CB 16]], [[O Fortuna|CB 17]], [[O Fortuna levis|CB 18]], [[Cum Fortuna voluit|CB 93a]], [[Si quis Deciorum|CB 195]] et [[Mundus est in varium|CB 226]] pertractantur. ===Mundus inversus et studiorum casus=== In hoc argumento, per tropum litterarium qui mundus inversus dicitur, morum eversio ac socialium ordinum perturbatio denuntiatur, ubi omnia contra naturam agi videntur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 131, 132.</ref> Praecipue hoc in [[Florebat olim studium|CB 6]] percipitur, ubi auctor pristinam disciplinam severam cum praesenti desidia ludique libidine comparat, memorabili versu: "Florebat olim studium, / nunc vertitur in tedium".<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 131, 249.</ref> Acriter reprehenduntur "decennes pueri" qui magistrorum titulos sine doctrina sibi vindicant; unde imagines oriuntur paradoxae, velut caeci caecos ducentes, asini cytharam pulsantes aut boves tripudiantes.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 131, 132, 252.</ref> Neque ecclesiastica dignitas satirae parcitur: sancti enim patres, ut [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]], [[Hieronymus]] et [[Benedictus de Nursia|Benedictus]], in tabernis epulantes aut propter exiguam pecuniam altercantes finguntur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 131, 133, 253.</ref> Quae opiniones monasticam invidiam redolent adversus novas urbium scholas cathedrales, ubi fervidior ac magis contentiosa cultura oriebatur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 134, 256.</ref> Denique in [[In huius mundi patria|CB 39]] ipsa episcoporum effigies invertitur: qui "lupi pastores" appellantur, quoniam loricas pro vestimentis sacris induunt et lanceas pro pastoralibus gestant, ut munus spiritale in rapinam vertant.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 135, 262.</ref> Haec argumenta praecipue in carminibus [[Florebat olim studium|CB 6]], [[In huius mundi patria|CB 39]], [[Mundus est in varium|CB 226]]. === De satira curiali et birotismo === In codice reperiuntur complura carmina quae [[Curia Romana|Curiam Romanam]] acriter reprehendunt, eam arguentes corruptionis pecuniariae et proditionis idealium apostolicorum. <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 142, 284.</ref> In [[Propter Sion non tacebo|CB 41]], quod [[Gualterus de Castellione]] composuisse videtur, [[Roma]] per figuras mythologicas sicut "gula vorax" ([[Scylla]] et [[Charybdis]]) depingitur, quae aurum supplicum devorat. <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 144, 289.</ref> Carmen [[Utar contra vitia|CB 42]] Curiam diserte definit "forum" ubi omnia decreta venalia sunt et ubi tantum locupletes exaudiuntur, secundum illud: ''Romani capitulum habent in decretis, / ut petentes audiant manibus repletis''. <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 148, 150, 310.</ref> Praecipuum huius generis exemplum est [[In illo tempore|CB 44]], prosa oratione scriptum, quod sermonem sacrum ad res turpes parodice flectit. <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 153, 321.</ref> Ibi narratur quomodo [[Papa]] et [[Cardinalis|cardinales]] clericum pauperem reiciant ut divitem sicarium honorent; textus clauditur exhortatione pontificis ad expilationem: ''Vobis do exemplum, ut quemadmodum ego extorqueo, ita et vos extorqueatis''. <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 154, 324.</ref> Hae scripturae testantur simultatem clericorum litteratorum adversus administrationem et pecuniariam gratiae divinae aestimationem. <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 147, 303.</ref> Haec argumenta praecipue in carminibus [[Manus ferens munera|CB 1]], [[Ecce sonat in aperto|CB 10]], [[Propter Sion non tacebo|CB 41]], [[Utar contra vitia|CB 42]], [[Roma, tue mentis oblita sanitate|CB 43]], [[In illo tempore|CB 44]], [[Dic, Christi veritas|CB 131]], [[Bulla fulminante|CB 131a]], [[O curas hominum|CB 187]], [[Diligitur colitur|CB 188]], [[Aristippe, quamvis sero|CB 189]], [[Sunt detractores|CB 190]]. === De Contemptu Mundi et Rerum Caducarum Vanitate === Carmina ad hoc argumentum pertinentia, quae traditionem monasticam sapiunt, homines hortantur ut voluptates sensibiles respuant et mortem perpetuo ante oculos habeant (''[[memento mori]]'').<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 112, 134.</ref> In carmine [[Iste mundus furibundus|CB 24]] mundus ipse funditus negatur, quippe qui gaudia falsa ac peritura praebeat, flosculis agri similia.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 112, 113, 221.</ref> Auctor extollit "legem carnalem" quae umbrae ritu fugit, fidelesque monet ut dulcedinem terrestrem despiciant, ne praemiis aeternis in gloria caelesti priventur: ''Fugiamus, contemnamus huius vite dulcia, / Ne perdamus in futuro pretiosa munera!''<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 113, 221.</ref> Haec materia cum [[satira]] morali saepe coniungitur: exempli gratia, in [[In huius mundi domo|CB 39a]] retractatur locus biblicus de homine in cinerem reversuro (''quod cinis es, memento'') et de universali rerum vanitate ab [[Ecclesiastes|Ecclesiaste]] nuntiata.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 135, 259.</ref> Quae carmina quasi antiphonam ethicam partibus magis edonisticis opponunt, [[Dies Irae|Iudicium Extremum]] continenter commemorantia, ubi suprema veritas patefiet nec ulla provocatio concedetur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 131, 249.</ref> Inter carmina huius generis praecipue numerantur: [[Veritas veritatum|CB 21]], [[Homo, quo vigeas vide!|CB 22]], [[Vide, qui nosti litteras|CB 23]], [[Iste mundus furibundus|CB 24]], [[Vivere sub meta|CB 25]], [[In huius mundi patria|CB 39]], [[In huius mundi domo|CB 39a]], [[O curas hominum|CB 187]], [[Diligitur colitur|CB 188]], [[Aristippe, quamvis sero|CB 189]], [[Sunt detractores|CB 190]]. === De paupertate scholastica et carminibus mendicantibus === Hoc in argumento agitur de angustiis rei familiaris quibus [[Clericus vagans|clerici litterati]] in societate urbana premebantur, praesertim cum patronis aut hierarchia ecclesiastica carerent <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 25, 39, 140.</ref>. In [[Sepe de miseria mee paupertatis|CB 220]] (quod [[Archipoeta]] ascribitur), auctor tum superbia tum amaritudine fassus est se ob eruditionem neque artibus mechanicis neque re militari vacare posse: ''"Fodere non debeo, quia sum scolaris... Mendicare pudor est, mendicare nolo"'' <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 25, 30, 32.</ref>. Huiusmodi textus saepe formam praebent petitionis ad potentium liberalitatem directae; ibi enim officia mutua inter vatem, qui ingenium laudesque defert, et dominum, cuius est protegere ac sustentare, memorantur <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 32, 140.</ref>. Carmina [[Artifex, qui condidit|CB 224]] et [[Sacerdotes et levite|CB 225]] hanc partem moralem concludunt, dum episcopos doctosque palam admonent ut caritatem erga clericos inopes re praestent <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 140, 276, 278.</ref>. Itaque paupertas non ut propositum asceticum, sed ut sociale iniquumque incommodum describitur, quod homines ingenui spiritus affligit in mundo ubi [[Versus de nummo|Nummus]] omnia regit <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 127.</ref>. Inter carmina huius generis praecipue numerantur: [[Sepe de miseria mee paupertatis|CB 220]] · [[Artifex, qui condidit|CB 224]] · [[Sacerdotes et levite|CB 225]] === De taberna, ludo, parodiaque liturgica === Haec codicis pars vitae delectamenta celebrat, scilicet amorem, vinum, ludum et epulas, dum formas institutionesque sacras ad hilaritatem artificiose convertit <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 19, 20.</ref>. Taberna in [[Quocumque more motu|CB 65]] et praecipue in [[In taberna quando sumus|CB 196]] depingitur ut locus aequalitatis profanae, ubi ordines sociales et ecclesiastici potando exaequantur: ibi enim papa et rex, clericus et laicus eodem ritu bacchico iunguntur <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 19.</ref>. In [[Aestuans interius|CB 191]], [[Archipoeta]] "confessionem" parodicam componit, qua suum tabernae ac luxuriae amorem tamquam indomitae naturae propria vicia defendit <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 19, 20.</ref>. Fastigium huius ludi intellectualis in missis parodicis invenitur, sicut in [[Lugeamus omnes in Decio|CB 215]] (quod inscribitur ''Officium lusorum''), ubi libelli precatorii structura ad aleam tesserasque ludendas accommodatur <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 20, 23.</ref>. Simili modo, [[Cum «In orbem universum»|CB 219]] regulam monasticam irridet ut vitam vagantem "[[Goliardi|goliardorum]]" extollat <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 20, 24.</ref>. Quae carmina non ut viles blasphemiae habenda sunt, sed potius ut subtilia exercitia litteraria ad auditores doctos destinata, qui liturgiae sacrorumque canonum indicia percipere possent <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 20, 346.</ref>. Inter carmina huius generis praecipue numerantur: [[Quocumque more motu|CB 65]], [[Olim lacus colueram|CB 130]], [[Aestuans interius|CB 191]], [[Si quis Deciorum|CB 195]], [[Ego sum abbas|CB 196]], [[Hiemali tempore|CB 203]], [[Urbs salve regia|CB 204]], [[Alte clamat Epicurus|CB 211]], [[Lugeamus omnes in Decio|CB 215]] et [[Cum «In orbem universum»|CB 219]]. == Poetae agnoti == === Poetae Latini === * [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonius]] (310 - 395): CB [[Prima Cleonei tolerata|64]] * [[Otlohensis Ratisbonensis|Otloh Ratisbonensis]] (c. 1013 - c. 1072): [[Laudat rite deum|CB 28]], [[Doctrinae verba paucis|CB 38]], [[Ante Dei vultum|CB 125]] * [[Marbodus Redonensis|Marbodus]] (c. 1035 - c. 1123): [[Vite presentis|CB 122a]], [[Si preceptorum superest|CB 214]] * [[Godefridus Wintoniensis|Godefridus Wintoniensis]] (c. 1050 - c. 1107): [[Mella, cibus dulcis|CB 198]] * [[Hugo Primas Aurelianensis|Hugo Primas]] (1093 - c. 1160): [[In cratere meo|CB 194]] * [[Archipoeta]] (1130 – c. 1165): [[Estuans intrinsecus|CB 191]], [[Sepe de miseria mee paupertatis|CB 220]] * [[Gualterus de Castellione]] (1135 - 1204): [[Ecce torpet probitas|CB 3]], [[Licet eger cum egrotis|CB 8]], [[Fas et nefas ambulant|CB 19]], [[Propter Sion non tacebo|CB 41]], [[Utar contra vitia|CB 42]], [[Versa est in luctum cithara Waltheri|CB 123]] * [[Philippus Cancellarius]]: [[Veritas veritatum|CB 21]], [[Homo, quo vigeas vide!|CB 22]], [[Ad cor tuum revertere|CB 26]], [[Bonum est confidere|CB 27]], [[Deduc Sion uberrimas|CB 34]], [[Dic, Christi veritas|CB 131]], [[Bulla fulminante|CB 131a]], [[Aristippe, quamvis sero|CB 189]] * [[Petrus Blesensis|Petrus Blesensis]] (1135 - 1203): [[In lacu miserie|CB 29]], [[Dum iuventus floruit|CB 30]], [[Vite perdite|CB 31]], [[Non te lusisse pudeat|CB 33]], [[Olim sudor Herculis|CB 63]], [[A Globo Veteri|CB 67]], [[Grates ago Veneri|CB 72]], [[Sevit aure spiritus|CB 83]], [[Dum prius inculta|CB 84]], [[Vacillantis trutine|CB 108]] * [[Petrus]]: [[Denudata veritate|CB 193]] * [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonius]]: [[Prima Cleonei tolerata|CB 64]] === Poetae Germanici === * [[Dietmar von Aist|Dietmarus de Aist]] (c. 1150 - 1180): CB [[Vvaz ist fur daz senen guot|113a]] * [[Reinmar von Hagenau|Reinmarus de Hagenau]] (c. 1170 - c. 1210): CB [[Ze niwen vrouden stat min muot|143a]], [[Sage, daz ih dirs iemmer lone|147a]], [[Solde auer ich mit sorgen iemmer leben|166a]] * [[Walther von der Vogelweide|Gualterus de Aquila]] (c. 1170 - 1230): CB [[Der starche winder hat uns uerlan|135a]], [[So wol dir, meine, wie du scheidest|151a]], [[Roter munt, wie du dich swachest|169a]], [[Nu lebe ich mir alrest werde|211a]] * [[Neidhart von Reuental|Nithardus de Reuental]] (c. 1170 - 1246): CB [[Nu grvonet auer div heide|168a]] * [[Heinrich von Morungen|Henricus de Morungen]] (c. 1190 - 1220): CB [[Ich pin cheiser ane chrone|150a]] * [[Otto von Botenlauben|Otto de Botenlauben]] (c. 1177 - c. 1245): CB [[Horstu, uriunt, den wahter an der cinne|48a]] * [[Marner]]: [[Iam dudum estivalia|CB Supplementum 3]], [[Pange vox adonis|CB Supplementum 6]], [[Mundus finem properans|CB Supplementum 9]], [[Deus largus in naturis|CB Supplementum 10]] * [[Freidank]]: [[Diu mukke muoz sich sere muen|CB Supplementum 17]] * [[Godefridus de Sancto Victore|Gotfridus]]: [[Planctus ante nescia|CB Supplementum 14]] * [[Gualterius de Vogelweide|Walther von der Vogelweide]]: [[Der starche winder hat uns uerlan|CB 135a]], [[So wol dir, meine, wie du scheidest|CB 151a]], [[Roter munt, wie du dich swachest|CB 169a]], [[Nu lebe ich mir alrest werde|CB 211a]] * [[Reinmarus de Hagenau|Reinmar]]: [[Ze niwen vrouden stat min muot|CB 143a]], [[Sage, daz ih dirs iemmer lone|CB 147a]], [[Solde auer ich mit sorgen iemmer leben|CB 166a]] * [[Dietmar von Eist]]: [[Vvaz ist fur daz senen guot|CB 113a]] === Miniaturae in Carminibus Buranis === <gallery mode=packed> File:Wurfzabel.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Ludus alearius File:Meister der Carmina Burana 001.jpg|''Codex Buranus'': Deformatio arboribus animalibusque File:Franz Kampers - Kaiser Friedrich II - Der Wegbereiter der Renaissance - Abbildung 28.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Dido et Aeneas; secundum alios [[Fridericus II (Imperator Romanus Sacer)|Fridericus II]] imperator File:Codex Buranus-72v-dettaglio.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Miniatura in folio 72v File:Codex Buranus-89v-dettaglio.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Miniatura in folio 89v File:Codex Buranus-91-giocatori.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Lusores (in folio 91r) File:Codex Buranus-92-scacchi.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Ludus scaccorum (in folio 92r) </gallery> === Miniaturae in Carminibus Buranis === <gallery mode=packed> File:Wurfzabel.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Ludus alearius File:Meister der Carmina Burana 001.jpg|''Codex Buranus'': Deformatio arboribus animalibusque File:Franz Kampers - Kaiser Friedrich II - Der Wegbereiter der Renaissance - Abbildung 28.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Dido et Aeneas; secundum alios [[Fridericus II (Imperator Romanus Sacer)|Fridericus II]] imperator File:Codex Buranus-72v-dettaglio.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Miniatura in folio 72v File:Codex Buranus-89v-dettaglio.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Miniatura in folio 89v File:Codex Buranus-91-giocatori.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Lusores (in folio 91r) File:Codex Buranus-92-scacchi.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Ludus scaccorum (in folio 92r) </gallery> ==Notae== <references/> {{NexInt}} *''[[O Fortuna]]'' ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Carmina Burana manuscript|''Carmina Burana''}} {{Vicifons|Carmina Burana|''Carmina Burana''}} * [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_intr.html Textus carminum] apud www.fh-augsburg.de ([[Bibliotheca Augustana|Bibliothecam Augustanam]]) * Textus manu scriptus omnium carminum digitalizatus praebetur in: [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0008/bsb00085130/images/ Vollständiges Digitalisat der Originalhandschrift in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek (Clm 4660)] == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Carmina Burana|!]] [[Categoria:Lingua macaronica]] lc0k4lhci150d3frgo60pbomvqvzn38 3957277 3957276 2026-04-27T15:57:04Z ~2026-25515-48 208594 correctio 3957277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{titulus italicus}}{{L-1}} {{Videhom|Carmina Burana (Orff)}} [[Fasciculus:CarminaBurana wheel.jpg|thumb|[[Rota fortunae]] in [[codex|codice]] Burano picta carmenque [[Gualterus de Castellione|Gualteri de Castellione]] "[[Fas et nefas ambulant passu fere pari]]" (19) exscriptum.]] '''''Carmina Burana''''' sunt congeries [[poëma]]tum et [[cantiuncula]]rum [[Medium Aevum|Medii Aevi]], anno circiter [[1230]] manu scripta in [[codex|codice]] olim apud [[monasterium Buranum]], hodie in [[Bibliotheca Civica Bavariensis|Bibliotheca Civica Bavariensi]]<ref>Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm (= codex latinus Monacensis) 4660.</ref> servato. Maxima eorum carminum pars [[Latine]], pauca in linguis [[lingua Theodisca mediaevalis|Theodisca]] aut [[lingua Francogallica antiqua|Francogallica]] mediaevalibus, aliqua [[Latinitas culinaria|macaronice]] composita sunt. Multa sine nomine auctoris rescribuntur; sed codex est fons praecipuus operum [[Archipoeta]]e, [[Gualterus de Castellione|Gualteri de Castellione]], et [[Petrus Blesensis|Petri Blesensis]]. [[Carolus Orff]] anno [[1936]] composuit [[cantata]]m iuxta textus ''Carminum Buranorum'' selectorum, quae [[Carmina Burana (Orff)|sub eodem titulo]] praeclara facta est. ==Ordo carminum== {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} Carmina sunt in partes [[sex]] ordinata: *''Carmina ecclesiastica'' *''Carmina moralia et satirica'' (ut exempli gratia ''[[Evangelium secundum marcas argenti]]'') *''Carmina amatoria'' *''Carmina potoria'' (parodias etiam comprehendentia) *''Ludi'' (ludi religiosi) *''Supplementum'' (versiones aliquorum carminum variantes) == Argumenta == === De avaritia, simonia et nummi potestate === Prima codicis pars fundamentum habet morale ac satyricum, quod praecipue in vitiis curiae Romanae et in mutatione oeconomica illius aetatis versatur. Cum enim pecuniaria res pro feudali mutuitate succederet, auctores queruntur pristinas necessitudines corrumpi <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 138, 142.</ref>. Satyra igitur non modo singulorum cupiditatem perstringit, sed etiam ecclesiastica munera ac iustitiam ipsam venalia facta denuntiat <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 17, 139.</ref>. In his carminibus [[Nummus]] personatus inducitur, qui quasi numen quoddam mundum sublunarem regit, virtute posthabita: ''"In terra summus rex est hoc tempore Nummus / Nummum mirantur reges et proceres venerantur"'' <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 127, 243.</ref>. In [[In terra summus|CB 11]] rhetorica repetitio demonstrat quomodo opes scelestos nobilitent, pauperes silentio obruant ac tripartitum societatis ordinem (inter clericos, milites et agricolas) penitus evertant <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 127.</ref>. Proprium est culturae scholasticae chiericorum satyram per grammaticas metaphoras explicare. Sic in [[Manus ferens munera|CB 1]] et [[Est modus in verbis|CB 20]] ludi verborum de declinationibus inveniuntur: "ablativi" (a verbo auferendi ducti) dicuntur vivos devorare, dum divites negant se verbum "dare" coniugare posse, mari insatiabili comparati <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 139, 140, 274.</ref>. Denique evanescentem liberalitatem (seu ''largitatem'') carmina omnia ut praecipuam causam mundi decidentis deplorant <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 139, 270.</ref>. Huc pertinent: [[Manus ferens munera|CB 1]], [[Responde, qui tanta cupis|CB 2]], [[Ecce torpet probitas|CB 3]], [[Amaris stupens casibus|CB 4]], [[Flete flenda|CB 5]], [[Licet eger cum egrotis|CB 8]], [[Iudas gehennam meruit|CB 9]], [[Ecce sonat in aperto|CB 10]], [[In terra summus|CB 11]], [[Fas et nefas ambulant|CB 19]], [[Est modus in verbis|CB 20]], [[Propter Sion non tacebo|CB 41]], [[Utar contra vitia|CB 42]], [[In illo tempore|CB 44]], [[Dic, Christi veritas|CB 131]], [[Bulla fulminante|CB 131a]], [[Artifex, qui condidit|CB 224]], [[Sacerdotes et levite|CB 225]], [[Mundus est in varium|CB 226]]. === Fortuna et instabilitas mundi sublunaris === Argumentum [[Fortuna|Fortunae]] quasi compages totius experientiae humanae in hoc terrarum orbe fungitur, qua inconstantia et transitus rerum mundanarum ostenduntur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 74, 94.</ref> Poesis Burana, philosophia [[Boethius|Boetii]] imbuta, Fortunam fingit vim variam ac mutabilem, quae res gestas tam publicas quam privatas moderatur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 73, 93.</ref> Imago primaria est [[Rota Fortunae|rota]], in qua ascensus ad potentiam casum inevitabilem praecedit; quod clarissime demonstratur in imagine picta primi folii, ubi quattuor reges cum sententiis "regnabo, regno, regnavi, sum sine regno" depinguntur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 93, 162.</ref> In [[O Fortuna|CB 17]] dea [[Luna]]e ob perennem commutationem comparatur: ''O Fortuna, velut luna statu variabilis, semper crescis aut decrescis''.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 110, 213.</ref> [[O varium Fortune|CB 14]] hanc notionem exemplis historicis (scilicet [[Troia]], [[Roma]], [[Carthago]], [[Darius I|Dario]] et [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Pompeio]]) confirmat, docens nullam gloriam terrestrem a fati levitate immunem esse: ''Edificat Fortuna, diruit; nunc abdicat quos prius coluit''.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 97, 131, 172.</ref> Huic instabilitati virtus [[Constantia (philosophia)|constantiae]] opponitur, quae sapienti quasi unicum praesidium mentis exstat, ut in [[Celum, non animum|CB 15]] legitur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 103, 189.</ref> Aleae denique ac [[tessera]]e in hoc codice allegoriae vivae evadunt incertitudinis exsistentialis, qua homo nudus et infamis redditur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 110, 170.</ref> Haec argumenta praecipue in carminibus [[O varium Fortune|CB 14]], [[Celum, non animum|CB 15]], [[Fortune plango vulnera|CB 16]], [[O Fortuna|CB 17]], [[O Fortuna levis|CB 18]], [[Cum Fortuna voluit|CB 93a]], [[Si quis Deciorum|CB 195]] et [[Mundus est in varium|CB 226]] pertractantur. ===Mundus inversus et studiorum casus=== In hoc argumento, per tropum litterarium qui mundus inversus dicitur, morum eversio ac socialium ordinum perturbatio denuntiatur, ubi omnia contra naturam agi videntur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 131, 132.</ref> Praecipue hoc in [[Florebat olim studium|CB 6]] percipitur, ubi auctor pristinam disciplinam severam cum praesenti desidia ludique libidine comparat, memorabili versu: "Florebat olim studium, / nunc vertitur in tedium".<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 131, 249.</ref> Acriter reprehenduntur "decennes pueri" qui magistrorum titulos sine doctrina sibi vindicant; unde imagines oriuntur paradoxae, velut caeci caecos ducentes, asini cytharam pulsantes aut boves tripudiantes.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 131, 132, 252.</ref> Neque ecclesiastica dignitas satirae parcitur: sancti enim patres, ut [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]], [[Hieronymus]] et [[Benedictus de Nursia|Benedictus]], in tabernis epulantes aut propter exiguam pecuniam altercantes finguntur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 131, 133, 253.</ref> Quae opiniones monasticam invidiam redolent adversus novas urbium scholas cathedrales, ubi fervidior ac magis contentiosa cultura oriebatur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 134, 256.</ref> Denique in [[In huius mundi patria|CB 39]] ipsa episcoporum effigies invertitur: qui "lupi pastores" appellantur, quoniam loricas pro vestimentis sacris induunt et lanceas pro pastoralibus gestant, ut munus spiritale in rapinam vertant.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 135, 262.</ref> Haec argumenta praecipue in carminibus [[Florebat olim studium|CB 6]], [[In huius mundi patria|CB 39]], [[Mundus est in varium|CB 226]]. === De satira curiali et birotismo === In codice reperiuntur complura carmina quae [[Curia Romana|Curiam Romanam]] acriter reprehendunt, eam arguentes corruptionis pecuniariae et proditionis idealium apostolicorum. <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 142, 284.</ref> In [[Propter Sion non tacebo|CB 41]], quod [[Gualterus de Castellione]] composuisse videtur, [[Roma]] per figuras mythologicas sicut "gula vorax" ([[Scylla]] et [[Charybdis]]) depingitur, quae aurum supplicum devorat. <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 144, 289.</ref> Carmen [[Utar contra vitia|CB 42]] Curiam diserte definit "forum" ubi omnia decreta venalia sunt et ubi tantum locupletes exaudiuntur, secundum illud: ''Romani capitulum habent in decretis, / ut petentes audiant manibus repletis''. <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 148, 150, 310.</ref> Praecipuum huius generis exemplum est [[In illo tempore|CB 44]], prosa oratione scriptum, quod sermonem sacrum ad res turpes parodice flectit. <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 153, 321.</ref> Ibi narratur quomodo [[Papa]] et [[Cardinalis|cardinales]] clericum pauperem reiciant ut divitem sicarium honorent; textus clauditur exhortatione pontificis ad expilationem: ''Vobis do exemplum, ut quemadmodum ego extorqueo, ita et vos extorqueatis''. <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 154, 324.</ref> Hae scripturae testantur simultatem clericorum litteratorum adversus administrationem et pecuniariam gratiae divinae aestimationem. <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 147, 303.</ref> Haec argumenta praecipue in carminibus [[Manus ferens munera|CB 1]], [[Ecce sonat in aperto|CB 10]], [[Propter Sion non tacebo|CB 41]], [[Utar contra vitia|CB 42]], [[Roma, tue mentis oblita sanitate|CB 43]], [[In illo tempore|CB 44]], [[Dic, Christi veritas|CB 131]], [[Bulla fulminante|CB 131a]], [[O curas hominum|CB 187]], [[Diligitur colitur|CB 188]], [[Aristippe, quamvis sero|CB 189]], [[Sunt detractores|CB 190]]. === De Contemptu Mundi et Rerum Caducarum Vanitate === Carmina ad hoc argumentum pertinentia, quae traditionem monasticam sapiunt, homines hortantur ut voluptates sensibiles respuant et mortem perpetuo ante oculos habeant (''[[memento mori]]'').<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 112, 134.</ref> In carmine [[Iste mundus furibundus|CB 24]] mundus ipse funditus negatur, quippe qui gaudia falsa ac peritura praebeat, flosculis agri similia.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 112, 113, 221.</ref> Auctor extollit "legem carnalem" quae umbrae ritu fugit, fidelesque monet ut dulcedinem terrestrem despiciant, ne praemiis aeternis in gloria caelesti priventur: ''Fugiamus, contemnamus huius vite dulcia, / Ne perdamus in futuro pretiosa munera!''<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 113, 221.</ref> Haec materia cum [[satira]] morali saepe coniungitur: exempli gratia, in [[In huius mundi domo|CB 39a]] retractatur locus biblicus de homine in cinerem reversuro (''quod cinis es, memento'') et de universali rerum vanitate ab [[Ecclesiastes|Ecclesiaste]] nuntiata.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 135, 259.</ref> Quae carmina quasi antiphonam ethicam partibus magis edonisticis opponunt, [[Dies Irae|Iudicium Extremum]] continenter commemorantia, ubi suprema veritas patefiet nec ulla provocatio concedetur.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 131, 249.</ref> Inter carmina huius generis praecipue numerantur: [[Veritas veritatum|CB 21]], [[Homo, quo vigeas vide!|CB 22]], [[Vide, qui nosti litteras|CB 23]], [[Iste mundus furibundus|CB 24]], [[Vivere sub meta|CB 25]], [[In huius mundi patria|CB 39]], [[In huius mundi domo|CB 39a]], [[O curas hominum|CB 187]], [[Diligitur colitur|CB 188]], [[Aristippe, quamvis sero|CB 189]], [[Sunt detractores|CB 190]]. === De paupertate scholastica et carminibus mendicantibus === Hoc in argumento agitur de angustiis rei familiaris quibus [[Clericus vagans|clerici litterati]] in societate urbana premebantur, praesertim cum patronis aut hierarchia ecclesiastica carerent <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 25, 39, 140.</ref>. In [[Sepe de miseria mee paupertatis|CB 220]] (quod [[Archipoeta]] ascribitur), auctor tum superbia tum amaritudine fassus est se ob eruditionem neque artibus mechanicis neque re militari vacare posse: ''"Fodere non debeo, quia sum scolaris... Mendicare pudor est, mendicare nolo"'' <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 25, 30, 32.</ref>. Huiusmodi textus saepe formam praebent petitionis ad potentium liberalitatem directae; ibi enim officia mutua inter vatem, qui ingenium laudesque defert, et dominum, cuius est protegere ac sustentare, memorantur <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 32, 140.</ref>. Carmina [[Artifex, qui condidit|CB 224]] et [[Sacerdotes et levite|CB 225]] hanc partem moralem concludunt, dum episcopos doctosque palam admonent ut caritatem erga clericos inopes re praestent <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 140, 276, 278.</ref>. Itaque paupertas non ut propositum asceticum, sed ut sociale iniquumque incommodum describitur, quod homines ingenui spiritus affligit in mundo ubi [[Versus de nummo|Nummus]] omnia regit <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 127.</ref>. Inter carmina huius generis praecipue numerantur: [[Sepe de miseria mee paupertatis|CB 220]] · [[Artifex, qui condidit|CB 224]] · [[Sacerdotes et levite|CB 225]] === De taberna, ludo, parodiaque liturgica === Haec codicis pars vitae delectamenta celebrat, scilicet amorem, vinum, ludum et epulas, dum formas institutionesque sacras ad hilaritatem artificiose convertit <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 19, 20.</ref>. Taberna in [[Quocumque more motu|CB 65]] et praecipue in [[In taberna quando sumus|CB 196]] depingitur ut locus aequalitatis profanae, ubi ordines sociales et ecclesiastici potando exaequantur: ibi enim papa et rex, clericus et laicus eodem ritu bacchico iunguntur <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 19.</ref>. In [[Aestuans interius|CB 191]], [[Archipoeta]] "confessionem" parodicam componit, qua suum tabernae ac luxuriae amorem tamquam indomitae naturae propria vicia defendit <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 19, 20.</ref>. Fastigium huius ludi intellectualis in missis parodicis invenitur, sicut in [[Lugeamus omnes in Decio|CB 215]] (quod inscribitur ''Officium lusorum''), ubi libelli precatorii structura ad aleam tesserasque ludendas accommodatur <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 20, 23.</ref>. Simili modo, [[Cum «In orbem universum»|CB 219]] regulam monasticam irridet ut vitam vagantem "[[Goliardi|goliardorum]]" extollat <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 20, 24.</ref>. Quae carmina non ut viles blasphemiae habenda sunt, sed potius ut subtilia exercitia litteraria ad auditores doctos destinata, qui liturgiae sacrorumque canonum indicia percipere possent <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 20, 346.</ref>. Inter carmina huius generis praecipue numerantur: [[Quocumque more motu|CB 65]], [[Olim lacus colueram|CB 130]], [[Aestuans interius|CB 191]], [[Si quis Deciorum|CB 195]], [[Ego sum abbas|CB 196]], [[Hiemali tempore|CB 203]], [[Urbs salve regia|CB 204]], [[Alte clamat Epicurus|CB 211]], [[Lugeamus omnes in Decio|CB 215]] et [[Cum «In orbem universum»|CB 219]]. == Poetae agnoti == === Poetae Latini === * [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonius]] (310 - 395): CB [[Prima Cleonei tolerata|64]] * [[Otlohensis Ratisbonensis|Otloh Ratisbonensis]] (c. 1013 - c. 1072): [[Laudat rite deum|CB 28]], [[Doctrinae verba paucis|CB 38]], [[Ante Dei vultum|CB 125]] * [[Marbodus Redonensis|Marbodus]] (c. 1035 - c. 1123): [[Vite presentis|CB 122a]], [[Si preceptorum superest|CB 214]] * [[Godefridus Wintoniensis|Godefridus Wintoniensis]] (c. 1050 - c. 1107): [[Mella cibus dulcis|CB 198]] * [[Hugo Primas Aurelianensis|Hugo Primas]] (1093 - c. 1160): [[In cratere meo|CB 194]] * [[Archipoeta]] (1130 – c. 1165): [[Estuans intrinsecus|CB 191]], [[Sepe de miseria mee paupertatis|CB 220]] * [[Gualterus de Castellione]] (1135 - 1204): [[Ecce torpet probitas|CB 3]], [[Licet eger cum egrotis|CB 8]], [[Fas et nefas ambulant|CB 19]], [[Propter Sion non tacebo|CB 41]], [[Utar contra vitia|CB 42]], [[Versa est in luctum cithara Waltheri|CB 123]] * [[Philippus Cancellarius]]: [[Veritas veritatum|CB 21]], [[Homo, quo vigeas vide!|CB 22]], [[Ad cor tuum revertere|CB 26]], [[Bonum est confidere|CB 27]], [[Deduc Sion uberrimas|CB 34]], [[Dic, Christi veritas|CB 131]], [[Bulla fulminante|CB 131a]], [[Aristippe, quamvis sero|CB 189]] * [[Petrus Blesensis|Petrus Blesensis]] (1135 - 1203): [[In lacu miserie|CB 29]], [[Dum iuventus floruit|CB 30]], [[Vite perdite|CB 31]], [[Non te lusisse pudeat|CB 33]], [[Olim sudor Herculis|CB 63]], [[A Globo Veteri|CB 67]], [[Grates ago Veneri|CB 72]], [[Sevit aure spiritus|CB 83]], [[Dum prius inculta|CB 84]], [[Vacillantis trutine|CB 108]] * [[Petrus]]: [[Denudata veritate|CB 193]] * [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonius]]: [[Prima Cleonei tolerata|CB 64]] === Poetae Germanici === * [[Dietmar von Aist|Dietmarus de Aist]] (c. 1150 - 1180): CB [[Vvaz ist fur daz senen guot|113a]] * [[Reinmar von Hagenau|Reinmarus de Hagenau]] (c. 1170 - c. 1210): CB [[Ze niwen vrouden stat min muot|143a]], [[Sage, daz ih dirs iemmer lone|147a]], [[Solde auer ich mit sorgen iemmer leben|166a]] * [[Walther von der Vogelweide|Gualterus de Aquila]] (c. 1170 - 1230): CB [[Der starche winder hat uns uerlan|135a]], [[So wol dir, meine, wie du scheidest|151a]], [[Roter munt, wie du dich swachest|169a]], [[Nu lebe ich mir alrest werde|211a]] * [[Neidhart von Reuental|Nithardus de Reuental]] (c. 1170 - 1246): CB [[Nu grvonet auer div heide|168a]] * [[Heinrich von Morungen|Henricus de Morungen]] (c. 1190 - 1220): CB [[Ich pin cheiser ane chrone|150a]] * [[Otto von Botenlauben|Otto de Botenlauben]] (c. 1177 - c. 1245): CB [[Horstu, uriunt, den wahter an der cinne|48a]] * [[Marner]]: [[Iam dudum estivalia|CB Supplementum 3]], [[Pange vox adonis|CB Supplementum 6]], [[Mundus finem properans|CB Supplementum 9]], [[Deus largus in naturis|CB Supplementum 10]] * [[Freidank]]: [[Diu mukke muoz sich sere muen|CB Supplementum 17]] * [[Godefridus de Sancto Victore|Gotfridus]]: [[Planctus ante nescia|CB Supplementum 14]] * [[Gualterius de Vogelweide|Walther von der Vogelweide]]: [[Der starche winder hat uns uerlan|CB 135a]], [[So wol dir, meine, wie du scheidest|CB 151a]], [[Roter munt, wie du dich swachest|CB 169a]], [[Nu lebe ich mir alrest werde|CB 211a]] * [[Reinmarus de Hagenau|Reinmar]]: [[Ze niwen vrouden stat min muot|CB 143a]], [[Sage, daz ih dirs iemmer lone|CB 147a]], [[Solde auer ich mit sorgen iemmer leben|CB 166a]] * [[Dietmar von Eist]]: [[Vvaz ist fur daz senen guot|CB 113a]] === Miniaturae in Carminibus Buranis === <gallery mode=packed> File:Wurfzabel.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Ludus alearius File:Meister der Carmina Burana 001.jpg|''Codex Buranus'': Deformatio arboribus animalibusque File:Franz Kampers - Kaiser Friedrich II - Der Wegbereiter der Renaissance - Abbildung 28.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Dido et Aeneas; secundum alios [[Fridericus II (Imperator Romanus Sacer)|Fridericus II]] imperator File:Codex Buranus-72v-dettaglio.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Miniatura in folio 72v File:Codex Buranus-89v-dettaglio.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Miniatura in folio 89v File:Codex Buranus-91-giocatori.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Lusores (in folio 91r) File:Codex Buranus-92-scacchi.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Ludus scaccorum (in folio 92r) </gallery> === Miniaturae in Carminibus Buranis === <gallery mode=packed> File:Wurfzabel.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Ludus alearius File:Meister der Carmina Burana 001.jpg|''Codex Buranus'': Deformatio arboribus animalibusque File:Franz Kampers - Kaiser Friedrich II - Der Wegbereiter der Renaissance - Abbildung 28.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Dido et Aeneas; secundum alios [[Fridericus II (Imperator Romanus Sacer)|Fridericus II]] imperator File:Codex Buranus-72v-dettaglio.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Miniatura in folio 72v File:Codex Buranus-89v-dettaglio.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Miniatura in folio 89v File:Codex Buranus-91-giocatori.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Lusores (in folio 91r) File:Codex Buranus-92-scacchi.jpg|''Codex Buranus'':<br />Ludus scaccorum (in folio 92r) </gallery> ==Notae== <references/> {{NexInt}} *''[[O Fortuna]]'' ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Carmina Burana manuscript|''Carmina Burana''}} {{Vicifons|Carmina Burana|''Carmina Burana''}} * [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_intr.html Textus carminum] apud www.fh-augsburg.de ([[Bibliotheca Augustana|Bibliothecam Augustanam]]) * Textus manu scriptus omnium carminum digitalizatus praebetur in: [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0008/bsb00085130/images/ Vollständiges Digitalisat der Originalhandschrift in der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek (Clm 4660)] == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Carmina Burana|!]] [[Categoria:Lingua macaronica]] k43qxgxkg2vtybux3dhrjxncr1s8106 0 9687 3957305 3678355 2026-04-27T19:46:34Z StannileiusIohnsonius 208506 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 3957305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas|-3}} '''''Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban'''''<ref>Nostra lingua 'Harrius Potter et Captivus Azkabani' aut 'Harrius Potter et Captivus Azkabanensis'.</ref> (anno [[1999]] editus) est tertius seriei de [[Harrius Potter|Harrio Pottero]] [[liber]], ab [[Ioanna Rowling]] scriptus. Agitur de tertio Harrii Potteri anno [[schola]]stico, cum Sirius Niger sceleratus e [[carcer]]e Azkabani fugitus eius [[caput]] petere videatur. Anno [[2004]], [[pellicula]] eiusdem nominis ab ''Alfonso Cuarón'' directa publicata est. == Actio (brevis) == Harrius initio libri fractionis legis non incantandi causa e materterae domo fugit. In Hemaxosticho Hogvartensi, [[J.K. Rowling|J. K. Rowling]] scriptrix figuram novam introducit, quibus praesentibus Harrius animo linquitur, quae "Dementor" appellatur. Sirius Niger, captivus Azkabani, e vinculis fugisse et Harrium interficere velle dicitur. Harrius Sirium parentes suos non solum bene cognovisse, sed etiam Duci Voldemorti dedidisse comperit. Libro paene finito, Harrius immo [[historia]]m veram invenit: Sirius profecto non proditor parentum eius sed verus amicus familiae erat. Harrio Pottero [[avunculus]] benignus fit. == Actio (longa) == In feriis aestivis, amita Margerita<ref>In tomo primo Harrii Potteri Latine conversi nomen amitae dicitur. Vide "Harrius Potter et Philosophi Lapis, pagina 16</ref> familiam Dursley horribilem visitat. Quoniam Harrius iam in anno tertio scholae est, ei in ''Hogsmeadam'', vicus scholae Hogvartensi propinquus, ire licet; pro ea re autem formula cum signo permissionis parentum opus est. Avunculus Vernon, Harrii vicarius post mortem parentum, Harrium signum solum dare vult, si iste in sermone cum amita Magerita benignus est. Sed cum Magerita parentes Harri insultet, is eam furiosissime incantat, quam ob rem Vernon eum signum non dat. Harrius ex domo avunculi fugit. Harrius [[lupus|lupum]] cum oculo rubro in via videt. Tum Laophorium apparet, quod ''The Knight Bus'' (Latine ''Equetis Laophorium'' aut ''Laophorium Nocturnum'') nominatur. Ille eum pro mugglibus invisibiliter ad cortinam gustam transportat. Dominus Vislius, pater amici sui Ronaldus, Harrium ''Sirio Nigro''<ref name=":0">Etiam figura ''Sirius Black'' iam in primo tomo Latine converso advenit, in quo Latine "Sirius Niger" appellatur. Vide: Harrius Potter et philosophi lapis, pagina 12</ref> monet: Iste e phylaca magorum nomine "Azkaban" fugit, ut Harrium, ut putatur, interficere possit. Olim Sirius Niger sodalis Ducis Voldemortis Voldemorte victo ulciscendi cupidus tredecim Muggles et unum magum interfecit, qua de causa ad Azkaban damnatum est. Dominus Visilius Harrium Sirium Nigrum non quaerere promittere vult, at Harrius iam in Agmen Hogvartense ire debet, antequam hoc facere potest. In Agmine Hogvartensi, Harrius Herminam amicam occurrit, quae in Angiportu Diagonio cattum nomine ''Crookshanks'' (Latine forsitan ''Varus'') vendit. Etiam magistrum novum pro professione Defensio Contra Arte Magica Occulta (magister anni antecedentis, ''Gilderoy Lockhart,'' omnium rerum ei notarum oblitus est, quia non consulte semet incantavit): ''Remus Lupin'', videt. J. K. Rowling ''Dementores'' introducit, monstra nigra et magna, qua Sirium Nigrum invenire volens perscrutantur. Dementores omnem felicitatem hominis rapiunt et hominem pessima momenta vitae suae iterum transigere faciunt. Harrius, qui interfectionem parentium suorum iterum transigit, debilis fit, si ii subsunt. Lupin ex somno expergiscitur Harrioque ut auxilium ut medicus det. Novo anno scholae inceptavit, Harrius primam lectionem de auguria cum magistra ''Sybill Trewlaney'' (Latine conversus ''Sybilla Trelavnia'') habet. Magistra mortem eius semper vaticinitur. Hermina per totum annum scholasticum torquem possidet, qui ''Reversor Temporis'' (''Time Turner'') appellatur, et cum quo tempore reverti et magis horis scholasticis quam omnes alteri discipuli potest. Quia Hermina Sybillam Trelavniam mendacem ducit, disciplinam relinquit. Hagrid<ref>Figura Hagrid conversus est Latine ''Hagrid, Hagridi m.'' Vide: Harrius Potter et philosophi lapis, pagina 11</ref>, Magister novus animalium magicorum colendorum, discipulis bestiam monstrat, quae Malfonem<ref>''Draco Malfoy'' in tomo primo Malfoy, Malfonis declinatur. Vide Harrius Potter et philosophi Lapis, pagina 116</ref> adversarium Harrii vulnerat, postquam iste eam verbaliter violavit. [[Animalia|Animal]] - ad dimidium avis, dimidium equus - capitis damnatur. Quia avunculus Vernon Harrio signum permissionis iendi ad ''Hogsmeadam'' non dederat, iste excursionibus discipulorum ad oppidum non interesse potest. At Fredericus et Georgius Visilius fratres amici Harrii Ronaldi eum ad excursionem secundam chartam, quae ''Marauder`s Map'' (Latine fortasse ''Latronis Tabula'') appellatur, donant. Ista tabula olim a quattuor discipulis facta est, et ea non solum totam scholam Hogvartensem, sed etiam cuniculos secretos scholae ostendit. Cum ea Harrius per cuniculum secretum ad Hogsmeadam serpere potest et ibi sermonem magistrorum audit, qui dicunt Sirium Nigrum proditorem esse. Nam amicus parentum Harrii erat et Duci Voldemorti locum, ubi sunt, dicebat. Harrius terrificatus atque iratus est. Dementores Sirium Nigrum quaerentes in schola circumeunt, quam ob rem Harrius ''Quidditch'' ludens animo linquitur et e scopa sua cadet. Professor Lupin eum docet quomodo patronum, imaginem adiuvantem et Dementores expellentem, creare possit. Sirius Niger scholam adit, autem Harrius illo tempore non adest (In ''Hogsmead''e est), ita Sirius abit, at scholae Hogvartensi proximus est et Scabbers<ref>Nomen musculi in primo tomo ''Scabbers'' et in versione Anglica et in versione Latina est. Declinatur: Scabbers, Scabberi. Vide "Harrius Potter et philosophi lapis", pagina 81</ref> musculus Ronaldi evanescit. Ronaldus Varum cattum Herminae Scabberum interfecisse putat, quia Varus Scabberum iam per totum annum venatus est. Sybilla Trelavnia Harrium cum admirabili voce dicit Voldemortem rediturus. Animal, quod Malfonem principio liberi vulneravit, nunc interfecturus est. Harrius, Ronaldus Herminaque ad Hagridum tristissimum eum consolantes eunt et Scabberum ibi latentem inveniunt. Postquam exierant, sonos securis interficientis audiunt et perterreti sunt. Subito Ronaldus a cane nigro, quem Harrius principio libri in feriis aestivis vidit, comprehenditur et per cuniculum secretum sub ''Whomping WiIllow'' (Latine forsitan: ''Salix Quatiens'') ad ''Shrieking Shack'' (''Casa Ululans''), casa, quae sonos terrentes nocte facit posita in ''Hogsmead,'' trahitur. Canis niger in Sirium Nigrum mutat, quia Sirius Niger ''Animagus'' est. Hoc verbum deductum a verbis latinis ''Animal'' et ''Magus'' significat Magum, qui in animal mutare potest. At Sirius non Harrium, at musculum Ronaldi interficere vult. Nam musculus Ronaldi etiam est Animagus et ex vero homo est. Lupin auxilio venit et Sirium benigne salutat. Musculus Ronaldi a Sirio et Remo coactus se mutat in hominem Peter Pettigrew nominatus. Peter Pettigrew proditor verus est parentum et homines interfecit, quorum causa Sirius in Azkaban venit. Remus Lupin, Sirius Niger, James Potter, pater Harrii et Peter Pettigrew amici scholastici fuerunt, at Peter Pettigrew Voldemortis sodalis factus est. Sirius Niger Harri compater est. Hi quattuor, quia Remus lupus versipellis<ref>(lupus) versipellis significat hominem in lupum mutantem. Verbum usum est in opere Petronii. Vide: Petron: Cena Trimalchionis 62,13</ref> est, quod significat eum hominem esse, qui luna plena lupus fit, Animagi sunt, ut tempus cum eo agere possint, etiam si lupus est. Ii etiam ''Tabulam Latronis'' fecerunt. Sirius eum dementoribus tradendum esse censet, at Harrius hoc non vult. Harrius Petrum Pettigrew verum sceleratum esse probare vult, ut iste apud Sirium nec apud familiam terribilem Dursley vitam agere possit. Subito Remus in lupum mutat: Luna plena est. Sirius in canem mutat, ut contra eum pugnare possit. Infelicissime Peter Pettigrew in musculum mutans fugit et Harrius apud familiam Dursley vitam aget, quia innocentiam Sirii non iam probare potest. Sirius et Harrius soli in silva sunt et dementores Sirium interficere volentes veniunt. Harrius Patronum facere vult, ut eos expellat, at non potest, quia non satis vis ei est. Subito persona altera, quam Harrius obscuritatis noctis causa non identificare potest, Patronum facit et eum et Sirium servat. Sirius sceleratus ductus a magistro Snape in schola Hogvartensi dementoribus traditur, qui animam suam exsugent, quod peior morte est, etsi Sirius innocens est. Harrius et Hermina torque Herminae tempore revertuntur. Ei animal capitis damnatum servant nec interficitur et tum Harrius semet et Sirium Patrono suo, qui cervus albus est, servat. Deinde Sirium, qui in Schola Hogvartensi dementoribus traditur, servant et iste cum animali ad locum remotum fugere potest, ne capiatur, quia omnes eum adhuc sceleratum esse putant. Sirius pater secundus benignus Harrio fit, at apud eum habitare non potest. == Novae personae et loci == === Hogsmeade === ''Hogsmeade'' (Latine ''Hogsmeada, -ae f'') vicus Scholae Hogvartensi propinquus est. Unicus vicus a magis incultus et occursorum punctum medium discipulorum et hominum circum Scholam Hogvartensem est, in quo multae tabernae mercatoriae et cauponulae positae sunt. Loci graves sunt: * ''Shrieking Shack'' (Latine fortasse: ''Casa Ululans'') casa a malis phantasmatibus frequentata esse dicitur, quam ob rem discipuli Hogvartenses eam timent. Ex vero ''Remo Lupin'' aedificata est, cum Scholam Hogvartensem frequentatus est, quia iste, si in lupum mutat (lupus versipellis est), semet tenere non potest et omnes homines mordere vult, qui circum eum stant. In ''Casa Ululante,'' in quam venit, cum cuniculo secreto sub ''Whomping Willow'' (''Salix Quatiens'') e Schola Hogvartensi ad Hogsmeadam it, in lupum mutare potest et neminem laedit, quia nullus homo adest. Quia lupus terribiliter ululat, fama publicata est phantasmata Casam Ululantem frequentari<ref>https://pottermore.fandom.com/wiki/Shrieking_Shack</ref>. * ''Three Broomsticks Inn'' (''Tres Scopae Taberna''), popularis taberna a discipulis saepe visitatus est<ref>https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Three_Broomsticks_Inn</ref>. Posessor eius ''Madam Rosmerta'' est<ref>https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Rosmerta</ref>, quam Harrius audit, dum cum magistris de Sirio Nigro loquitur. Ita Harrius res gestas, ut putat, veras de Sirio Nigro, qui compater eius et proditor parentium esse videtur, comperit. * ''Honeydukes'' (''Duces Mellis'') taberna copiam maximam magicorum dulciaminum vendens est.<ref>https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Honeydukes</ref> * ''Zonko's Joke Shop'' (''Iocorum taberna Zonko'') taberna mercatoria magicis pro rebus iocosis est.<ref>https://www.hp-lexicon.org/place/great-britain-united-kingdom/scotland/hogsmeade/zonkos-joke-shop/</ref> * ''Caput Porci''<ref>''Hog's Head'' taberna Latine conversa est Caput Porci, Capitis Porci. Vide: Harrius Potter et philosphi Lapis, pagina 213</ref> ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''Hog's Head Inn'') cauponula obscura a discipulis non tam saepe visitata est.<ref>https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Hog%27s_Head_Inn</ref> === Knight Bus === ''The Knight Bus'' [[Translatio homophona|interpretatio homophona]] anglica est inter verbum ''The Knight Bus'' (significat Equetis Laophorium) et verbum ''The Night Bus'' (significat Laophorium Nocturnum) ''The Knight Bus'' est [[Laophorium]] omnibus incantatoribus qui non transportionem possident. Perductori ''Stun Shunpike'' et raedario ''Ernie Prang'' nomen est. Ad magos, quibus auxilium opus est aut eum arcessunt, vehitur et eos ad locum, quemquem volunt, transportat. Muggles (Homines non magici) eum non videre possunt. Harrius ibi primo de Sirio Nigro audit. === Sirius Niger === Sirius Niger<ref name=":0" /> (Anglice: ''Sirius Black'') amicus patris Harrii Potteri, Petri Pettigrew et Remi Lupin et unus quattuor latronum (''Marauder''), qui ''Marauder`s Map'' (''Latronis Tabula'') fecerunt, est. Harrii compatri Sirio nigri neglecti capilli nigrique odiosi oculi sunt. Petro Pettigrew contigit, ut omnes Sirium Nigrum scelera eius ipsius fecisse putent. Ita ad phylacam ''Azkaban'' damnatus est et per duodecim annos ibi habitavit. At tum vidit in Actis Diurnis magicis musculum Ronaldi Vislii et in musculo amicum veterem scholasticum, Animagum et sceleratum Petrum Pettigrew, cuius causa ad Azkaban damnatus erat, observavit et de Harrio, quem Peter Pettigrew interficere voluit, timuit. Hoc eum satis vim dedit, ut ex phylaca ''Azakaban'' fugerit. Homines eo fugito eum sceleratum duxerant et eum valde timuerunt, at etiam libro finito probare non potest Petrum Pettigrew interfectorem verum esse et ita cum animali volante fugere et in loco remoto latere debet.<ref>https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Sirius_Black</ref> === Remus Lupin === Remus Lupin etiam amicus patris Harrii, Sirii et Petri Pettigrew et unus quattuor latronum (''Marauder'') est. Iste lupus versipellis et ita periculosus pro hominibus apud eum luna plena est, quam ob rem tres alteri ''Marauder'' (latrones) pro eo Animagi facti sunt, ut eum in lupum mutantem adiuvare possint, quia animalia non interficit. Quoniam in Harrio patrem eius et amicum suum vidit, benignus ad eum est. Tertio in Harrii anno scholastico magister pro Defensione Contra Arte Magica Occulta disciplinam suam valde bene construens est, at quia magister Snape totae scholae narrat eum lupum versipellem esse libro finito magister non iam est. Attamen amicus Harrii manet et in annis succedentibus una cum Harrio contra Voldemortem pugnat.<ref>[https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Dementor https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Remus_Lupin]</ref> === Dementor === ''Dementors'' (Latine conversus: ''Dementores'') Azakabani custodes sunt. Monstra maxima et tenebrosa mire de terra volantes et omnem felicitatem hominum circum eos stantem, qui pessimum momentum vitae eorum iterum transigere debent, rapiunt. Itaque phylaca Azkaban magna poena magi est, quia semper Dementores circum eum sunt. Incantamentum contra Dementores est Patronus, imago alba et splendida. Harrius maximus timor Harrii est, quia ei eum mortem parentum iterum transigere faciunt et animo linquitur, cum subsunt. Osculum Dementoris animam arripit, quod peius esse [[mors|morte]] dicitur.<ref>https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Dementor</ref> === Sybill Trewlaney === ''Sybilla Trelavnia'' magistra Auguriam, Praedictionem aut Res Futuras Dicere docens est. === Azakaban === Phylaca pro magis, qui magna delicta fecerunt a Dementoribus custodita est. Positum est in insula maris remota et Sirius prima persona ex ea fugiens est. Multi sodales Voldemortis ad eum damnati sunt == Adnotationes == [[Categoria:Harrius Potter]] [[Categoria:Libri pueriles]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] t7kvdie63saqzip08oljmzib71zwryh 3957329 3957305 2026-04-27T22:13:32Z IacobusAmor 1163 Nexus "Anglice" iam adest. 3957329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas|-3}} '''''Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban'''''<ref>Nostra lingua 'Harrius Potter et Captivus Azkabani' aut 'Harrius Potter et Captivus Azkabanensis'.</ref> (anno [[1999]] editus) est tertius seriei de [[Harrius Potter|Harrio Pottero]] [[liber]], ab [[Ioanna Rowling]] scriptus. Agitur de tertio Harrii Potteri anno [[schola]]stico, cum Sirius Niger sceleratus e [[carcer]]e Azkabani fugitus eius [[caput]] petere videatur. Anno [[2004]], [[pellicula]] eiusdem nominis ab ''Alfonso Cuarón'' directa publicata est. == Actio (brevis) == Harrius initio libri fractionis legis non incantandi causa e materterae domo fugit. In Hemaxosticho Hogvartensi, [[J.K. Rowling|J. K. Rowling]] scriptrix figuram novam introducit, quibus praesentibus Harrius animo linquitur, quae "Dementor" appellatur. Sirius Niger, captivus Azkabani, e vinculis fugisse et Harrium interficere velle dicitur. Harrius Sirium parentes suos non solum bene cognovisse, sed etiam Duci Voldemorti dedidisse comperit. Libro paene finito, Harrius immo [[historia]]m veram invenit: Sirius profecto non proditor parentum eius sed verus amicus familiae erat. Harrio Pottero [[avunculus]] benignus fit. == Actio (longa) == In feriis aestivis, amita Margerita<ref>In tomo primo Harrii Potteri Latine conversi nomen amitae dicitur. Vide "Harrius Potter et Philosophi Lapis, pagina 16</ref> familiam Dursley horribilem visitat. Quoniam Harrius iam in anno tertio scholae est, ei in ''Hogsmeadam'', vicus scholae Hogvartensi propinquus, ire licet; pro ea re autem formula cum signo permissionis parentum opus est. Avunculus Vernon, Harrii vicarius post mortem parentum, Harrium signum solum dare vult, si iste in sermone cum amita Magerita benignus est. Sed cum Magerita parentes Harri insultet, is eam furiosissime incantat, quam ob rem Vernon eum signum non dat. Harrius ex domo avunculi fugit. Harrius [[lupus|lupum]] cum oculo rubro in via videt. Tum Laophorium apparet, quod ''The Knight Bus'' (Latine ''Equetis Laophorium'' aut ''Laophorium Nocturnum'') nominatur. Ille eum pro mugglibus invisibiliter ad cortinam gustam transportat. Dominus Vislius, pater amici sui Ronaldus, Harrium ''Sirio Nigro''<ref name=":0">Etiam figura ''Sirius Black'' iam in primo tomo Latine converso advenit, in quo Latine "Sirius Niger" appellatur. Vide: Harrius Potter et philosophi lapis, pagina 12</ref> monet: Iste e phylaca magorum nomine "Azkaban" fugit, ut Harrium, ut putatur, interficere possit. Olim Sirius Niger sodalis Ducis Voldemortis Voldemorte victo ulciscendi cupidus tredecim Muggles et unum magum interfecit, qua de causa ad Azkaban damnatum est. Dominus Visilius Harrium Sirium Nigrum non quaerere promittere vult, at Harrius iam in Agmen Hogvartense ire debet, antequam hoc facere potest. In Agmine Hogvartensi, Harrius Herminam amicam occurrit, quae in Angiportu Diagonio cattum nomine ''Crookshanks'' (Latine forsitan ''Varus'') vendit. Etiam magistrum novum pro professione Defensio Contra Arte Magica Occulta (magister anni antecedentis, ''Gilderoy Lockhart,'' omnium rerum ei notarum oblitus est, quia non consulte semet incantavit): ''Remus Lupin'', videt. J. K. Rowling ''Dementores'' introducit, monstra nigra et magna, qua Sirium Nigrum invenire volens perscrutantur. Dementores omnem felicitatem hominis rapiunt et hominem pessima momenta vitae suae iterum transigere faciunt. Harrius, qui interfectionem parentium suorum iterum transigit, debilis fit, si ii subsunt. Lupin ex somno expergiscitur Harrioque ut auxilium ut medicus det. Novo anno scholae inceptavit, Harrius primam lectionem de auguria cum magistra ''Sybill Trewlaney'' (Latine conversus ''Sybilla Trelavnia'') habet. Magistra mortem eius semper vaticinitur. Hermina per totum annum scholasticum torquem possidet, qui ''Reversor Temporis'' (''Time Turner'') appellatur, et cum quo tempore reverti et magis horis scholasticis quam omnes alteri discipuli potest. Quia Hermina Sybillam Trelavniam mendacem ducit, disciplinam relinquit. Hagrid<ref>Figura Hagrid conversus est Latine ''Hagrid, Hagridi m.'' Vide: Harrius Potter et philosophi lapis, pagina 11</ref>, Magister novus animalium magicorum colendorum, discipulis bestiam monstrat, quae Malfonem<ref>''Draco Malfoy'' in tomo primo Malfoy, Malfonis declinatur. Vide Harrius Potter et philosophi Lapis, pagina 116</ref> adversarium Harrii vulnerat, postquam iste eam verbaliter violavit. [[Animalia|Animal]] - ad dimidium avis, dimidium equus - capitis damnatur. Quia avunculus Vernon Harrio signum permissionis iendi ad ''Hogsmeadam'' non dederat, iste excursionibus discipulorum ad oppidum non interesse potest. At Fredericus et Georgius Visilius fratres amici Harrii Ronaldi eum ad excursionem secundam chartam, quae ''Marauder`s Map'' (Latine fortasse ''Latronis Tabula'') appellatur, donant. Ista tabula olim a quattuor discipulis facta est, et ea non solum totam scholam Hogvartensem, sed etiam cuniculos secretos scholae ostendit. Cum ea Harrius per cuniculum secretum ad Hogsmeadam serpere potest et ibi sermonem magistrorum audit, qui dicunt Sirium Nigrum proditorem esse. Nam amicus parentum Harrii erat et Duci Voldemorti locum, ubi sunt, dicebat. Harrius terrificatus atque iratus est. Dementores Sirium Nigrum quaerentes in schola circumeunt, quam ob rem Harrius ''Quidditch'' ludens animo linquitur et e scopa sua cadet. Professor Lupin eum docet quomodo patronum, imaginem adiuvantem et Dementores expellentem, creare possit. Sirius Niger scholam adit, autem Harrius illo tempore non adest (In ''Hogsmead''e est), ita Sirius abit, at scholae Hogvartensi proximus est et Scabbers<ref>Nomen musculi in primo tomo ''Scabbers'' et in versione Anglica et in versione Latina est. Declinatur: Scabbers, Scabberi. Vide "Harrius Potter et philosophi lapis", pagina 81</ref> musculus Ronaldi evanescit. Ronaldus Varum cattum Herminae Scabberum interfecisse putat, quia Varus Scabberum iam per totum annum venatus est. Sybilla Trelavnia Harrium cum admirabili voce dicit Voldemortem rediturus. Animal, quod Malfonem principio liberi vulneravit, nunc interfecturus est. Harrius, Ronaldus Herminaque ad Hagridum tristissimum eum consolantes eunt et Scabberum ibi latentem inveniunt. Postquam exierant, sonos securis interficientis audiunt et perterreti sunt. Subito Ronaldus a cane nigro, quem Harrius principio libri in feriis aestivis vidit, comprehenditur et per cuniculum secretum sub ''Whomping WiIllow'' (Latine forsitan: ''Salix Quatiens'') ad ''Shrieking Shack'' (''Casa Ululans''), casa, quae sonos terrentes nocte facit posita in ''Hogsmead,'' trahitur. Canis niger in Sirium Nigrum mutat, quia Sirius Niger ''Animagus'' est. Hoc verbum deductum a verbis latinis ''Animal'' et ''Magus'' significat Magum, qui in animal mutare potest. At Sirius non Harrium, at musculum Ronaldi interficere vult. Nam musculus Ronaldi etiam est Animagus et ex vero homo est. Lupin auxilio venit et Sirium benigne salutat. Musculus Ronaldi a Sirio et Remo coactus se mutat in hominem Peter Pettigrew nominatus. Peter Pettigrew proditor verus est parentum et homines interfecit, quorum causa Sirius in Azkaban venit. Remus Lupin, Sirius Niger, James Potter, pater Harrii et Peter Pettigrew amici scholastici fuerunt, at Peter Pettigrew Voldemortis sodalis factus est. Sirius Niger Harri compater est. Hi quattuor, quia Remus lupus versipellis<ref>(lupus) versipellis significat hominem in lupum mutantem. Verbum usum est in opere Petronii. Vide: Petron: Cena Trimalchionis 62,13</ref> est, quod significat eum hominem esse, qui luna plena lupus fit, Animagi sunt, ut tempus cum eo agere possint, etiam si lupus est. Ii etiam ''Tabulam Latronis'' fecerunt. Sirius eum dementoribus tradendum esse censet, at Harrius hoc non vult. Harrius Petrum Pettigrew verum sceleratum esse probare vult, ut iste apud Sirium nec apud familiam terribilem Dursley vitam agere possit. Subito Remus in lupum mutat: Luna plena est. Sirius in canem mutat, ut contra eum pugnare possit. Infelicissime Peter Pettigrew in musculum mutans fugit et Harrius apud familiam Dursley vitam aget, quia innocentiam Sirii non iam probare potest. Sirius et Harrius soli in silva sunt et dementores Sirium interficere volentes veniunt. Harrius Patronum facere vult, ut eos expellat, at non potest, quia non satis vis ei est. Subito persona altera, quam Harrius obscuritatis noctis causa non identificare potest, Patronum facit et eum et Sirium servat. Sirius sceleratus ductus a magistro Snape in schola Hogvartensi dementoribus traditur, qui animam suam exsugent, quod peior morte est, etsi Sirius innocens est. Harrius et Hermina torque Herminae tempore revertuntur. Ei animal capitis damnatum servant nec interficitur et tum Harrius semet et Sirium Patrono suo, qui cervus albus est, servat. Deinde Sirium, qui in Schola Hogvartensi dementoribus traditur, servant et iste cum animali ad locum remotum fugere potest, ne capiatur, quia omnes eum adhuc sceleratum esse putant. Sirius pater secundus benignus Harrio fit, at apud eum habitare non potest. == Novae personae et loci == === Hogsmeade === ''Hogsmeade'' (Latine ''Hogsmeada, -ae f'') vicus Scholae Hogvartensi propinquus est. Unicus vicus a magis incultus et occursorum punctum medium discipulorum et hominum circum Scholam Hogvartensem est, in quo multae tabernae mercatoriae et cauponulae positae sunt. Loci graves sunt: * ''Shrieking Shack'' (Latine fortasse: ''Casa Ululans'') casa a malis phantasmatibus frequentata esse dicitur, quam ob rem discipuli Hogvartenses eam timent. Ex vero ''Remo Lupin'' aedificata est, cum Scholam Hogvartensem frequentatus est, quia iste, si in lupum mutat (lupus versipellis est), semet tenere non potest et omnes homines mordere vult, qui circum eum stant. In ''Casa Ululante,'' in quam venit, cum cuniculo secreto sub ''Whomping Willow'' (''Salix Quatiens'') e Schola Hogvartensi ad Hogsmeadam it, in lupum mutare potest et neminem laedit, quia nullus homo adest. Quia lupus terribiliter ululat, fama publicata est phantasmata Casam Ululantem frequentari<ref>https://pottermore.fandom.com/wiki/Shrieking_Shack</ref>. * ''Three Broomsticks Inn'' (''Tres Scopae Taberna''), popularis taberna a discipulis saepe visitatus est<ref>https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Three_Broomsticks_Inn</ref>. Posessor eius ''Madam Rosmerta'' est<ref>https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Rosmerta</ref>, quam Harrius audit, dum cum magistris de Sirio Nigro loquitur. Ita Harrius res gestas, ut putat, veras de Sirio Nigro, qui compater eius et proditor parentium esse videtur, comperit. * ''Honeydukes'' (''Duces Mellis'') taberna copiam maximam magicorum dulciaminum vendens est.<ref>https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Honeydukes</ref> * ''Zonko's Joke Shop'' (''Iocorum taberna Zonko'') taberna mercatoria magicis pro rebus iocosis est.<ref>https://www.hp-lexicon.org/place/great-britain-united-kingdom/scotland/hogsmeade/zonkos-joke-shop/</ref> * ''Caput Porci''<ref>''Hog's Head'' taberna Latine conversa est Caput Porci, Capitis Porci. Vide: Harrius Potter et philosphi Lapis, pagina 213</ref> ([[Anglice]] ''Hog's Head Inn'') cauponula obscura a discipulis non tam saepe visitata est.<ref>https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Hog%27s_Head_Inn</ref> === Knight Bus === ''The Knight Bus'' [[Translatio homophona|interpretatio homophona]] anglica est inter verbum ''The Knight Bus'' (significat Equetis Laophorium) et verbum ''The Night Bus'' (significat Laophorium Nocturnum) ''The Knight Bus'' est [[Laophorium]] omnibus incantatoribus qui non transportionem possident. Perductori ''Stun Shunpike'' et raedario ''Ernie Prang'' nomen est. Ad magos, quibus auxilium opus est aut eum arcessunt, vehitur et eos ad locum, quemquem volunt, transportat. Muggles (Homines non magici) eum non videre possunt. Harrius ibi primo de Sirio Nigro audit. === Sirius Niger === Sirius Niger<ref name=":0" /> (Anglice: ''Sirius Black'') amicus patris Harrii Potteri, Petri Pettigrew et Remi Lupin et unus quattuor latronum (''Marauder''), qui ''Marauder`s Map'' (''Latronis Tabula'') fecerunt, est. Harrii compatri Sirio nigri neglecti capilli nigrique odiosi oculi sunt. Petro Pettigrew contigit, ut omnes Sirium Nigrum scelera eius ipsius fecisse putent. Ita ad phylacam ''Azkaban'' damnatus est et per duodecim annos ibi habitavit. At tum vidit in Actis Diurnis magicis musculum Ronaldi Vislii et in musculo amicum veterem scholasticum, Animagum et sceleratum Petrum Pettigrew, cuius causa ad Azkaban damnatus erat, observavit et de Harrio, quem Peter Pettigrew interficere voluit, timuit. Hoc eum satis vim dedit, ut ex phylaca ''Azakaban'' fugerit. Homines eo fugito eum sceleratum duxerant et eum valde timuerunt, at etiam libro finito probare non potest Petrum Pettigrew interfectorem verum esse et ita cum animali volante fugere et in loco remoto latere debet.<ref>https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Sirius_Black</ref> === Remus Lupin === Remus Lupin etiam amicus patris Harrii, Sirii et Petri Pettigrew et unus quattuor latronum (''Marauder'') est. Iste lupus versipellis et ita periculosus pro hominibus apud eum luna plena est, quam ob rem tres alteri ''Marauder'' (latrones) pro eo Animagi facti sunt, ut eum in lupum mutantem adiuvare possint, quia animalia non interficit. Quoniam in Harrio patrem eius et amicum suum vidit, benignus ad eum est. Tertio in Harrii anno scholastico magister pro Defensione Contra Arte Magica Occulta disciplinam suam valde bene construens est, at quia magister Snape totae scholae narrat eum lupum versipellem esse libro finito magister non iam est. Attamen amicus Harrii manet et in annis succedentibus una cum Harrio contra Voldemortem pugnat.<ref>[https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Dementor https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Remus_Lupin]</ref> === Dementor === ''Dementors'' (Latine conversus: ''Dementores'') Azakabani custodes sunt. Monstra maxima et tenebrosa mire de terra volantes et omnem felicitatem hominum circum eos stantem, qui pessimum momentum vitae eorum iterum transigere debent, rapiunt. Itaque phylaca Azkaban magna poena magi est, quia semper Dementores circum eum sunt. Incantamentum contra Dementores est Patronus, imago alba et splendida. Harrius maximus timor Harrii est, quia ei eum mortem parentum iterum transigere faciunt et animo linquitur, cum subsunt. Osculum Dementoris animam arripit, quod peius esse [[mors|morte]] dicitur.<ref>https://harrypotter.fandom.com/wiki/Dementor</ref> === Sybill Trewlaney === ''Sybilla Trelavnia'' magistra Auguriam, Praedictionem aut Res Futuras Dicere docens est. === Azakaban === Phylaca pro magis, qui magna delicta fecerunt a Dementoribus custodita est. Positum est in insula maris remota et Sirius prima persona ex ea fugiens est. Multi sodales Voldemortis ad eum damnati sunt == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Harrius Potter]] [[Categoria:Libri pueriles]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] 4ot0b1e5na6r3if65dlpon058gshsyx 0 12163 3957302 3887137 2026-04-27T19:19:56Z LilyKitty 18316 de Die mundiali proprietatis intellectuali 3957302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Calendarium-Aprilis}} '''26 Aprilis''' dies 116. anni est (117. in [[annus bisextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) [[Calendarium Gregorianum|Calendario Gregoriano]]. 249 dies manent. Secundum [[Calendarium Romanum]] est ''ante diem sextum Kalendas Maias'', quod a.d. VI Kal. Mai. abbreviatur. == Eventa == === Saeculo 14 === * [[1315]] - [[Robertus I (rex Scotiae)|Robertus I]] rex [[Scotia]]e primum parlamentum civitatis aperuit. === Saeculo 17 === * [[1607]] - Coloni Angli [[Iacobipolis|Iacobipolin]] in [[Virginia]] excitant. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1855]] - Legati [[Regnum Unitum|Regni Uniti]], [[Secundum Imperium Francicum|Franciae]] atque [[Imperium Russicum|Russiae]] sine consensu de [[Bellum Crimaeanum|Bello Crimaeano]] finiendo e [[Consultatio Vindobonae (1855)|Vindobona]] discesserunt. * [[1859]] - [[Bellum alterum de libertate Italica]] coepit. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1931]] - In [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannia]] census habitus est: In [[Anglia]] et [[Cambria]] tum 39.947.931 homines, in [[Scotia]] 4.842.554 homines erant. * [[1933]] - Tecti vigiles [[Factio operaria socialistarum nationalium Germanica|Germaniae Nationalisocialisticae]] nomine ''[[GESTAPO]]'' conduntur. * [[1937]] - ''[[Guernica]]'' in [[Hispania]] bombis Germanis verberatur. * [[1941]] - [[Norodom Sihanouk]] post mortem [[Sisowath Monivong]] regis avi novus rex [[Cambosia]]e proclamatur. * [[1964]] - [[Tanzania]] fit ex [[Tanganica]] et [[Zanzibar]]a. * [[1986]] - [[Czernobela]]e ([[Ucraina]]) [[Calamitas Czernobelensis|displosio reactorii]] in [[ergasterium atomicum|officina atomica]] fit; territorium adiacens [[radiatio]]ne nucleari infit. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2012]] - [[Consilium securitatis]] Resolutionem 2045 de [[adamas|adamente]] per [[bellum civile]] illgelis{{dubsig}} in [[Litus Eburneum|Litore Eburneo]] decrevit. * [[2025]] - [[Funus (ritus)|Funus]] [[Franciscus (papa)|Francisci Papae]] fit. == Nati == === Saeculo 2 === * [[121]] - [[Marcus Aurelius]], [[Imperator Romanus]] et [[philosophus]] († [[180]]). === Saeculo 16 === * [[1538]] - [[Ioannes Paulus Lomazzo]], pictor [[Italia|Italicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1592]]. * [[1564]] - [[Gulielmus Shakesperius]], scriptor [[Anglia|Anglicus]] (baptizatus; † [[1616]]). * [[1575]] - [[Maria Medicaea]], regina [[Francia]]e; mortua est anno [[1642]]. === Saeculo 17 === * [[1648]] - [[Petrus II Portugalliae]], rex († [[1706]]). === Saeculo 18 === * [[1711]] - [[David Humius]], philosophus [[Scotia|Scotus]] (mortuus [[1776]]) * [[1774]] - [[Christianus Leopoldus de Buch]], geologus [[Germania|Germanicus]] (mortuus [[1853]]) * [[1782]] - [[Maria Amalia de Neapoli-Sicilia]]; mortua est anno [[1866]]. * [[1785]] - [[Iohannes Iacobus Audubon]], naturalista († [[1851]]) * [[1794]] - [[Andreas Iohannes Sjögren]], philologus, historicus, ethnographus [[Russia|Russicus]] († [[1855]]) * [[1798]] - [[Eugenius Delacroix]], pictor [[Francia|Francicus]] († [[1863]]). === Saeculo 19 === * [[1829]] - [[Theodorus Billroth]], medicus et chirurgus Germano-Austriacus († [[1894]]) * [[1865]] - [[Axelius Gallen-Kallela]], pictor [[Finnia|Finnicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1931]]. * [[1879]] - [[Owen Willans Richardson]], physicus [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1959]]. * [[1889]] - [[Ludovicus Wittgenstein]], philosophus [[Austria]]cus († [[1951]]). * [[1894]] - [[Rudolphus Hess]], vir publicus Nazistarum; mortuus est anno [[1987]]. * [[1898]] - [[Vincentius Aleixandre]], scriptor [[Hispania|Hispanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1984]]. * [[1900]] - [[Carolus Richter]], [[seismologia|seismologus]] et physicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; mortuus est anno [[1985]]. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1903]] - [[Alexander Möller]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] et sodalis [[SPD]]; mortuus est anno [[1985]]. * [[1914]] - [[Bernardus Malamud]], scriptor [[CFA|Americanus]]; mortuus est anno [[1986]]. * [[1917]] - [[I. M. Pei|Ieoh Ming Pei]], [[architectus]] [[Sina|Sino]]-[[CFA|Americanus]]. * [[1925]] ** [[Michael Ferrero]], officinarum magister [[Italia|Italicus]]; mortuus est anno [[2015]]. ** [[Georgius Ingmann]], musicus [[Dania|Danicus]]; mortuus est anno [[2015]]. ** [[Zvi Yavetz]], historicus [[Israel]]ita; mortuus est anno [[2013]]. * [[1932]] - [[Michael Smith (chemicus)|Michael Smith]], chemicus [[CFA|Americanus]] origine [[Canada]]e; mortuus est anno [[2000]]. * [[1933]] ** [[Carola Burnett]], comoeda [[CFA|Americana]]. ** [[Arno Allan Penzias]], physicus [[Germania|Germano]]-[[CFA|Americanus]]. * [[1940]] - [[Georgius Moroder]], compositor [[Italia|Italicus]]. * [[1943]] - [[Leo Pownall]], histrio [[Canada|Canadiensis]] natus in [[Cambria]]; mortuus est anno [[2006]]. * [[1951]] ** [[Ioannes Battle]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]] factionis [[Factio Laboris|Laboris]]. ** [[Gert Wingårdh]], [[architectus]] [[Suecia|Suecicus]]. * [[1963]] - [[Jet Li]], artifex martialis et histrio [[Sina|Sinensis]]. * [[1970]] - [[Melania Trump]], ostentatrix [[Slovenia|Sloveno]]-[[CFA|Americana]] et Prima Domina [[CFA]]. * [[1977]] **[[Roxana Saberi]], diurnaria [[CFA|Americana]]. **[[Raphael Wicky]], pedilusor [[Helvetia|Helveticus]]. * [[1995]] - [[Daniel Padilla]], actor atque cantor [[Philippinae|Philippinarum]]. == Mortui == === Saeculo 8 === * [[757]] - [[Stephanus III]] papa; natus est circa annum [[715]]. === Saeculo 15 === * [[1478]] - [[Iulianus Medices]] in coniuratione necatus est (natus [[1453]]). * [[1490]] - [[Matthias Corvinus]], [[Regnum Hungariae|rex Hungaricus]] et simul [[Regnum Croatiae|Croaticus]] ab anno [[1458]]; natus est anno [[1443]]. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1856]] - [[Petrus Čaadaev]], philosophus et scriptor [[Russia|Russicus]] (* [[1794]]). * [[1865]] - [[Ioannes Wilkes Booth]], histrio et sicarius (* [[1838]]). * [[1887]] - [[Josef Pál Király]], poeta [[Lingua Latina|Latinus]] [[Hungaria|Hungaricus]]; natus est anno [[1810]]. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1920]] - [[Srinivasa Aiyangar Ramanujan]], mathematicus [[India|Indicus]]; natus est anno [[1887]]. * [[1924]] - [[Iosephus Labor]], compositor, organista et clavista [[Austria]]cus; natus est anno [[1842]]. * [[1940]] - [[Carolus Bosch]], chemicus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1874]]. * [[1963]] - [[Vasile Voiculescu]], [[medicus]], [[scriptor]] et [[poeta]] [[Romania|Dacoromanus]]; natus est anno [[1884]]. * [[1970]] - [[Clemens Plassmann]], argentarius [[Germania|Theodiscus]]; natus est anno [[1894]]. * [[1984]] - [[Gulielmus "Comes" Basie]], [[clavile|clavilista]] [[iaz]]icus [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americanus]], [[organista]], et dux gregis iazensis; natus est anno [[1904]]. * [[1989]] - [[Lucilla Ball]], comoeda [[CFA|Americana]] (* [[1911]]). * [[1995]] - [[Egon Franke]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] et sodalis factionis [[SPD]]; natus est anno [[1913]]. * [[1997]] - [[Valerius Obodziński]], cantor [[URSS|Sovieticus]] et [[Russia|Russicus]]; natus est anno [[1942]]. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2017]] - [[Ionathan Demme]], moderator cinematographicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1944]]. * [[2018]] - [[Yoshinobu Ishii]], pedilusor [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]]; natus est anno [[1939]]. == Festa et Feriae == * [[Dies mundialis proprietatis intellectuali]]s ([[Totius Orbis Institutum pro Proprietate Intellectuali]]) * Dies Unionis ([[Tanzania]]) {{menses}} [[Categoria:Dies]] ah6sj1klxvffjdqhpyew0hl5zqpunuj 0 16110 3957324 3639084 2026-04-27T21:36:15Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Solitas emedationes feci. 3957324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Calendarium-Aprilis}} '''29 Aprilis''' [[dies]] 119ª anni est (120ª [[Annus bisextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 246 dies manent. Haec dies secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est '''ante diem tertium Kalendas Maias''', quod a.d. III Kal. Mai. abbreviatur. [[Fasciculus:Alexander Batenberg1.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.38|[[Alexander I (princeps Bulgariae)|Alexander I]] princeps Bulgariae]] == Eventa == === Saeculo 19 === * [[1879]] - [[Alexander I (princeps Bulgariae)|Alexander de Battenberg]] omnibus suffragiis legatorum parlamenti [[Bulgaria]]e primus princeps novi principatus eligitur. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1931]] - [[Ernestus Reuter]] magister civium superior [[Magdeburgum|Magdeburgi]] eligitur. * [[1946]] - [[Consilium securitatis]] resolutionem 4 de [[dictatura Francisci Franco]] decernit. * [[1997]] - [[Pactio de Armis Chemicis]] in potestatem it. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2011]] - [[Matrimonium]] inter [[Gulielmus (dux Cantabrigiae)|Gulielmum]] ducem Cantabrigiae et [[Catharina (ducissa Cantabrigiae)|Catharinam Middleton]] celebratur. == Nati == === Saeculo 18 === * [[1727]] - [[Ioannes Georgius Noverre]], [[saltator]] et [[choreographus]] [[Francia|Francicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1810]]) * [[1745]] - [[Oliverius Ellsworth]], politicorum peritus [[CFA|Americanus]] (†&nbsp;[[1807]]) * [[1784]] - [[Samuel Armstrong]], gubernator [[Massachusetta]]e (†&nbsp;[[1850]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1818]] - [[Alexander II (imperator Russiae)|Alexander II]], imperator [[Russia]]e (†&nbsp;[[1881]]) * [[1820]] - [[Henricus Watkins Allen]], gubernator [[Ludoviciana]]e (†&nbsp;[[1866]]) * [[1854]] - [[Henricus Poincaré]], mathematicus Francicus (mortuus anno [[1912]]) * [[1856]] - [[Salomon Sörensen]], [[architectus]] [[Suecia|Suecicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1937]]) * [[1863]] - [[Constantinus Cabaphes]], poeta [[Graecia|Graecus]] (†&nbsp;[[1933]]) * [[1876]] ** [[Zauditu]], [[Aethiopia]]e [[Imperator|imperatrix]] (mortua [[1930]]) ** [[Maria Mannering]], [[histrio|actrix]] [[theatrum|theatralis]] [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannica]] (†&nbsp;[[1953]]) * [[1879]] - [[Thomas Beecham]], [[concentus magister]] Britannicus (†&nbsp;[[1961]]) * [[1893]] - [[Haroldus Clayton Urey]], chemicus Americanus, [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|praemio Nobeliano chemiae]] affectus (†&nbsp;[[1981]]) * [[1899]] - [[Duke Ellington]], compositor et clavicen Americanus (†&nbsp;[[1974]]) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1901]] - [[Hirohito]] Siovanus imperator [[Iaponia]]e (†&nbsp;[[1989]]) * [[1907]] - [[Alfredus Zinnemann]], [[moderator cinematographicus]] [[Austria]]cus et Americanus (†&nbsp;1997) * 1912 - [[Moyses Landau]], [[iudex]] [[Israel]]ianus et tribunalis supremi Israeliani praeses (†&nbsp;2011) * 1930 - [[Henricus Coppens]], pedilusor [[Belgica|Belgicus]] (†&nbsp;[[2015]]) * 1933 - [[Marcus Eyskens]], primus minister [[Belgica]]e * [[1934]] - [[Petrus Pires]], praeses [[Promontorium Viride|Promontorii Viridis]] * [[1936]] - [[Zubin Mehta]], concentus magister [[India]]nus * [[1950]] ** [[Ioannes Altherr]], [[causidicus]] et rerum politicarum peritus [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] ** [[Debbie Stabenow]], rerum politicarum perita Americana factionis [[Factio Democratica (CFA)|Democraticae]] * [[1957]] - [[Daniel Day-Lewis]], histrio Britannicus * [[1958]] - [[Michaela Pfeiffer]], actrix Americana * [[1968]] - [[Michael Herbig]], histrio [[Germania|Germanicus]] * [[1972]] - [[Takahiro Yamada]], pedilusor Iaponicus * [[1974]] - [[Anggun]], cantrix [[Indonesia]]na * [[1988]] - [[Iunha]], [[Musica|cantrix]] [[Respublica Coreae|Coreana]] == Mortui == === Saeculo 14 === * [[1380]] - [[Sancta Catharina Senensis]], [[Doctor Ecclesiae|ecclesiae doctrix]] (*&nbsp;[[1347]]) === Saeculo 17 === * [[1630]] - [[Agrippa Albinaeus]], poeta Francicus (*&nbsp;[[1552]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1827]] - [[Rufus King]], rerum politicarum peritus Americanus (*&nbsp;[[1755]]) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1905]] - [[Edmundus Beckett]], [[causidicus]] architectusque [[Anglia|Anglicus]] (*&nbsp;[[1816]]) * 1933 - [[Constantinus Cabaphes]], poeta Graecus (*&nbsp;[[1863]]) * [[1944]] - [[Bernardinus Machado]], praeses [[Lusitania]]e (*&nbsp;[[1851]]) * [[1947]] - [[Irving Fisher]], [[oeconomia]]e peritus Americanus (*&nbsp;[[1867]]) * [[1951]] - [[Ludovicus Wittgenstein]], philosophus Austriacus (natus anno [[1889]]) * [[1953]] - [[Moyses Kisling]], pictor [[Polonia|Polonicus]] (*&nbsp;[[1891]]) * [[1980]] - [[Alfredus Hitchcock]], moderator cinematographicus Britannicus (*&nbsp;1899) === Saeculo 21 === * [[2001]] - [[Barend Biesheuvel]], primus minister [[Nederlandia]]e (*&nbsp;[[1920]]) * [[2012]] - [[Ericus Charden]], cantor Francicus (*&nbsp;[[1942]]) * [[2014]] - [[Robertus Hoskins]], histrio Britannicus (*&nbsp;1942) * 2015 ** [[Ioannes Canestri]], cardinalis Italicus (*&nbsp;[[1918]]) ** [[Daniel Walker]], gubernator [[Illinoesia]]e (*&nbsp;[[1922]]) * [[2016]] - [[Demetrius Hnatjuk]], cantor [[Ucrania|Ucranus]] (*&nbsp;[[1925]]) * [[2018]] - [[Michael Martin (politicus Scotiae)|Michael Martin]], politicus [[Scotia|Scoticus]] (*&nbsp;[[1945]]) * [[2019]] - [[Elena Tauscher]], politica Americana (*&nbsp;1951) == Festa et Feriae == * Dies [[Hirohito|Siovanus]] ([[Iaponia]]) * [[Dies internationalis saltationis]] (in honorem natalis Ioannes Georgii Noverre, [[UNESCO]]) * Dies memoriae pro victimis [[arma chemica|armorum chemicorum]] ([[Nationes Unitae]]) * Solemnitas Sanctae Catharinae Senensis (ecclesia catholica) * Dies festus Sancti [[Petrus Veronensis|Petri martyris]] (antiquum calendarium ecclesiae Romanae) {{menses}} [[Categoria:Dies]] 2ycnm2ticswyu2dbzk8b9rtx3346uyc 0 31020 3957326 3946460 2026-04-27T21:46:15Z Scip. 77624 + 3957326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|1}} [[Fasciculus:SETC Italy (26711386690).jpg|thumb|250px|Autocurrus armatus ''[[C1 Ariete]]''.]] [[Fasciculus:Firing M1A1 tank in Djibouti.jpg|thumb|250px|Autocurrus armatus ''[[M1 Abrams]]'' iaculatur.]] '''Autocurrus armatus''',<ref>{{TraupmanConvLat}}.</ref> '''currus armatus''',{{FD ref}}. '''covinus''' ('''ignivomus'''),<ref name=NSLO>[[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'', editio secunda, 2009.</ref> '''covinus''' ('''automatarius'''),<ref name=NSLO /> '''essedum loricatum''',<ref name="NSLO" /> vel '''currus loricatus<ref>[[Carolus Egger]], ''[[Lexicon recentis Latinitatis|Lexicon Recentis Latinitatis]]''</ref>''' est [[vehiculum]] militare quod catenis vehitur, [[canno]]nibus compluribus provisum. Consistit in alveo et turri. Turris, in qua [[canno]] principalis est, torquetur. [[Tres]] vel [[quattuor]] [[homo|homines]] in autocurru armato vehuntur: gubernator, qui in alveo sedet, commandarius, iaculator, et onerator, si autocurrui armato nullum systema onerandi automaticum est. Autocurribus armatis hodiernis sunt mobilitas optima, [[vis]] maxima, et computatra navigandi, quae etiam [[Satelles artificialis|satellitum]] adiuvantur. == Historia == Inter [[Primum bellum mundanum|Primum Bellum Mundanum]] autocurrus armatus inventus est. Die [[8 Augusti]] [[1918]] autocurrus armati [[Francia|Francorum]] apud [[Samarobriva]]m acies [[Imperium Germanicum|Germanorum]] perrumperunt. Hoc factum postea initium cladis Germaniae videbatur. {{NexInt}} * [[Propugnaculum]] * [[Tormentum bellicum]] == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Nexus externi == {{vehicula}} {{CommuniaCat|Tanks|autocurrus armatos}} {{1000 paginae}} [[Categoria:Inventiones Angliae]] [[Categoria:Vehicula militaria]] {{Myrias|Technologia}} 10m56qzndwmh5yfmjaqs1qsyoz9w9k5 0 32366 3957292 3955290 2026-04-27T17:10:06Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{videdis|Pontifex Maximus}} [[Fasciculus:CaesarAugustusPontiusMaximus.jpg|thumb|[[Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus Augustus|Caesar Augustus]] in pontificis maximi habitu, capite velato (qui mos sacrificandi "ritus Romanus" dicitur). Paulo post annum [[12 a.C.n.]]]] {{L1}} '''Pontifices''' (pontifex, -ficis, ''m.''; [[Graece]] {{Polytonic|ἀρχιερεύς}} sive ἱεροφάντης<ref>[[Dionysius Halicarnassensis]] passim.</ref>) [[religio Romana|Romae]] collegium [[sacerdos|sacerdotum]] erant, qui de omnibus [[sacramentum|sacris]] [[ritus|ritibusque]] ad [[religio]]nem pertinentibus cognoscebant atque iurisdictionem habebant; cui collegio [[pontifex maximus]] praeerat. == De origine pontificum == Ut multa alia instituta ad religionem pertinentia sic pontificatum a rege [[Numa Pompilius|Numa]] creatum fuisse veteres rerum Romanarum scriptores tradiderunt, qui "omnia publica privataque sacra pontificis scitis subiecit" ([[Titus Livius]]). [[Nomen proprium|Nomen]] huius sacerdotii a [[vocabulum|vocabulis]] ''ponte'' et ''faciendo'' ortum esse, cum alii [[auctor]]es antiqui voluerunt, tum in primis [[Marcus Terentius Varro]]. Nam pontem Sublicium supra [[Tiberis|Tiberim]] pontifices fecerant atque curabant<ref>[[Dionysius Halicarnassensis|Dion. Hal]]. ''Ant. Rom''. II,73,1 et III,45,2.</ref> ; qui pons omnibus partibus suis [[lignum|ligneus]] erat, nec refici eum nisi ligneis instrumentis [[fas]] erat. E quo ponte, die [[15 Maii]], Argeorum sacris, pontifices simulacra humana in [[flumen]] praecipitabant, sine dubio pro veteribus [[sacrificium|sacrificiis]] humanis substituta. Porro nonne prisca [[Roma]] prope pontem crevit, in nodo viarum sita? Hanc autem [[etymologia]]m non aspernantes plerique auctores recentiores existimaverunt pontificem antiquiorem ac maioris ponderis fuisse, quam ut ideo creatus esset atque ab uno ponte nomen duceret. Itaque coniecturis variis usi sunt: alii putaverunt fortasse, tempore magnarum [[migratio]]num per [[Europa]]m, pontifices homines fuisse qui [[magia|magicis artibus]] iter ceteris munirent monstrarentque (significatione vocabuli [[Lingua Sanscrita|Indici]] ''panthah'' innixi, quod Latino ''ponti'' respondet atque omne genus itineris designat). Alii ad lacustres vicos, ante scriptam hominum [[memoria]]m, originem pontificum referunt, alii etiam pontem inter [[deus|deos]] et homines interpretati sunt. Tandem nonnulli putant hanc verbi originem, e populo enatam, rectam non esse et aliam quaerendam. == De collegio == Initio fortasse unus pontifex fuit (rex Numa Marcium filium Marci elegit), mox certe quinque fuere et ab anno [[300 a.C.n.]] novem ; deinde quindecim a [[Sulla]] dictatore, sedecim a [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gaio Iulio Caesare]] facti sunt. Primo patricia gente orti esse debebant. [[Lex Ogulnia|Lege vero Ogulnia]] anno [[300 a.C.n.]] lata plebs obtinuit, ut non minus quam quattuor pontifices plebei homines essent. Pontifices in [[regia]]m coibant, ubi de sacris ac iure divino consultabant : quod aedificium, a rege nominatum, in [[Forum Romanum|foro]] erat, iuxta [[templum]] [[Vesta]]e. Cum unus ex iis moriebatur, novum collegam sibi ipsi cooptabant.<ref>[[Dionysius Halicarnassensis|Dion. Hal]]. ''Ant. Rom''. II,73,3.</ref> Tertio autem saeculo a.C.n. exeunte a comitiis tributis "minoribus" (nam 17 tantum tribus, sorte ductae, suffragia ferebant, non 35) pontifices maximi eligi coepti sunt ac postea demum a collegis confirmari: sic quidem Caesar pontifex maximus anno [[63 a.C.n.]] electus est. Secundo saeculo ante Christum exeunte [[tribunus plebis]] [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 96 a.C.n.)|Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus]] offensus collegio, quod alium quam se in patris locum cooptaverat, legem tulit, ut ius pontificum omnium creandorum a collegio ad populum et comitia transferatur/<ref>Lex Domitia ''de sacerdotiis'' dicta, circa 104 a.C.n. [[Suetonius|Suet.]] ''Nero'' II.1. [[Dio Cassius]] XXXVII,37.</ref> Haec lex postea a [[Sylla]] abrogata anno [[63 a.C.n.]] demum per legem [[Titus Labienus|Labienam]] ''de sacerdotiis'', instigante Caesare, restituta est/<ref>[[Plutarchus]], ''Caesar'' 7.1. [[Dio Cassius]] XXXVII.37.</ref> Quo eodem anno per [[Tribus (divisio populi Romani)|tribuum]] suffragia liberalitate profusissima comparata Caesar et pontifex et pontifex maximus in locum [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius|Metelli Pii]] factus est. Incertum tamen est, quamdiu hoc modo in posterum actum sit. Exinde vero usque ad mortem pontifices remanebant, nec quisquam eos sacerdotio privare poterat. Quem morem [[Gaius Iulius Caesar Octavianus Augustus|Caesar Augustus]] et ipse observavit: nam expectavit donec [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, triumvir|triumvir Lepidus]] moreretur ; tum tandem pontificatum maximum sibi asseruit. Ab eo tempore (anno [[12 a.C.n.]]) pontifex maximus semper idem atque [[Imperatores Romani|imperator]] fuit. In titulis omnium imperatorum PM legitur, "Pontifex Maximus" notans. Sic religio universa in eius potestate erat ac maiore auctoritate apud populum fruebatur. Pontifex maximus summam potestatem in collegio semper quidem habuit, sed postquam imperator ipse fuit, ceteri pontifices pro nihilo fuerunt. [[Gratianus]], primus Christianorum imperatorum, hunc titulum recusavit. == De officio pontificum == [[Fasciculus:CaesarElephant.jpg|thumb|Insignia pontificatus in [[Denarius|denario]] iussu [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gai Iulii Caesaris]] initio belli civilis percusso. A laeva in dextram partem versus vides [[simpulum]], [[aspergillum]], [[sacena]]m sive [[acieris|acierem]], sive securim pontificalem, [[capis|capidem]] (supra sacenam) et [[Albogalerus|albogalerum]] cum [[Apex (vestimentum)|apice]] [[Flamen|flaminis]]. Pontifex maximus enim tunc erat Caesar.]] De officio pontificum [[Titus Livius]] summatim atque optime sic disseruit: "[Numa pontifici] sacra omnia exscripta exsignataque attribuit, quibus hostiis, quibus diebus, ad quae templa sacra fierent, atque unde in eos sumptus pecunia erogaretur. Cetera quoque omnia publica privataque sacra pontificis scitis subiecit, ut esset quo consultum plebes veniret, ne quid divini iuris neglegendo patrios ritus peregrinosque adsciscendo turbaretur; nec caelestes modo caerimonias sed iusta quoque funebria placandosque manes ut idem pontifex edoceret, quaeque prodigia fulminibus aliove quo visu missa susciperentur atque curarentur." Breviter ut dicam, omnia scire de sacris rebus pontifices oportebat, ut ceteros homines docerent, sive privatos sive magistratus populi Romani. Si quae culpa inveniebatur, etiam iudices erant.<ref>[[Dionysius Halicarnassensis|Dion. Hal]]. ''Ant. Rom''. II,73,2.</ref> Singulatim vero haec fortasse officia digna memoratu sunt: *Pontifices sacra deorum et templorum, qui suum sacerdotem non habebant, suscipiebant. Exempli gratia omni mense [[Calendae|Kalendis]] pontifex minor [[Iuno]]ni rem divinam faciebat; cultus [[Saturnus (deus)|Saturni]] quoque et [[Ops|Opis Consivae]] ab hoc collegio administrabatur. Sacra [[flamen|flaminis]] dialis, si necesse erat, pontifex maximus ipse suscipiebat. *Pontifex maximus [[Flamen|flaminem]] dialem necnon ceteros flamines et [[Vestalis virgo|virgines Vestales]] capiebat, id est eligebat. Nam [[Vesta]]e cultui pontifices maxime studebant, cuius templum prope regiam erat. [[Octavianus|Augustus]] pontifex maximus factus etiam sacrarium huius deae in suo palatio collocavit. Collegium pontificale de criminibus Vestalium cognoscebat atque cum sontes erant castigabat, virgarum verberibus in minoribus peccatis, corpore vero polluto et castitate laesa morte ignominiosa multabant : nam vivae sub terram prope portam Collinam sepeliebantur.<ref>[[Dionysius Halicarnassensis|Dion. Hal]]. ''Ant. Rom''. II,67,3.</ref> *[[Fasti]]s praeerant, id est dies fastos nefastosque proclamabant, quibus fas aut nefas erat cum populo aut lege in iudicio agi. Ferias una cum rege pronuntiabant et, quando mensis intercalarius adiceretur, decernebant<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]] XXVI.1.12</ref>. Cum [[calendarium]] reformavit Gaius Iulius Caesar, officio suo pontificis maximi functus est. *[[Ius]] omne primo "in penetralibus pontificum repositum" et reconditum fuit. Medio quinto saeculo demum a.C.n. ius civile per [[Lex XII Tabularum|legem XII tabularum]] divulgatum est et ad magistratus populi Romani, praetores praesertim, transiit. Formulae actionum legum quoque quarto saeculo exeunte a scriba C. Flavio promulgatae sunt, magna patrum indignatione. Sed ius divinum, ius pontificium etiam nominatum, penes pontifices semper remansit et in libris pontificiis digestum est. *Praeterea, si quid memoria digni accidisset, in annalibus pontificalibus sive annalibus maximis adnotabatur; id est non tantum res ab hominibus gestae sed maxime, si quae prodigia aliave monstra voluntatem aut iram deorum indicassent, et quomodo procurata essent. Hi tamen annales posterioribus historiarum scriptoribus magno usui fuere ac memoriam multorum factorum nobis servaverunt. ==De novis pontificibus== ===Sol Invictus=== Imperator [[Aurelianus]] novum collegium ''pontificum Solis''<ref>{{AE|1964|00223}}. {{CIL|6|1673}}</ref> creavit post [[Zenobia|Zenobiam]] debellatam in honorem novi dei, [[Sol invictus|Solis Invicti]], quem ex oriente secum Romam advexerat et omnibus antiquis deis Romanis, [[Iuppiter|Iove]] non excepto, praetulit. Abhinc veteres pontifices ut a novis discernerentur pontifices Vestae nonnumquam dicti sunt. ===Christianismus=== Post finem [[Imperium Romanum|Imperii Romani]], [[papa]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]] titulo ''Pontifice Maximo'' utitur; titulus autem rectior est ''[[summus pontifex]].'' == Conclusio == Praecipuum officium pontificum in pace deorum imperio Romano paranda consistebat, id est providere debebant, ne quis deorum populo Romano iratus esset. Sed scientia pontificum magnum momentum habuit in [[Calendarium|calendario]], in [[ius|iure]] Romano nascente necnon in [[historia|historiis]] : scripta acta enim primi servarunt. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[Dionysius Halicarnassensis]], libro secundo ''[[Antiquitates Romanae (Dionysius Halicarnassensis)|Antiquitatum Romanarum]]'' cap. 73 *[[Cicero]]nis oratio ''[[Pro domo sua (Cicero)|Pro domo sua]]'' tota apud pontifices habita est. Optimum igitur exemplum est litis ab hoc collegio cognitae. **''[[Pro Murena]]'', 25-26. * [[Cassius Dio]], libro XXXVII [[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historiae Romanae]], capitulo 37 necnon libro 54 cap. 27. * [[Iulius Capitolinus]] (e serie ''[[Historia Augusta|Historiae Augustae]]'') "Vita Opilii Macrini", capitulo VII. * [[Macrobius]] libro primo ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnaliorum]],'' capitibus 15–16 necnon libro tertio capitibus 2-3 et passim. *[[Plutarchus]], ''Vita Numae'' capitulis IX-XII. * [[Suetonius]] opere ''[[De vita Caesarum]]'' in "Vita Divi Iuli"' cap. 13; in "Vita Divi Augusti" cap. 31, in "Vita Neronis" cap. 2. *[[Titus Livius]], ''[[Ab Urbe condita (Livius)|Ab Urbe condita]]'', primo libro cap. 20, nono libro cap. 45 et decimo libro cap. 6-9. *[[Varro]], ''[[De lingua Latina (Varro)|De lingua Latina]],'' quinto libro cap. 83. *[[Velleius Paterculus]], libro secundo ''Historiae Romanae,'' capitulo 43. == Plura legere si cupis == *Jochen Bleicken, "Oberpontifex und Pontifikalkollegium: Eine Studie zur Römischen Sakralverfassung" ,''Hermes'' 1957 (85): 345-66. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4474977] * Claire Lovisi, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_1998_num_110_2_2050 Vestale, incestus et juridiction pontificale sous la République romaine]" in ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 1998(110/2) ː 699-735 *Lily Ross Taylor, « The election of the pontifex maximus in the late Republic », ''Classical Philology'', 1942 (37): 421-24. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/264221] * Francisca Van Haeperen , ''Le collège pontifical à Rome (3e s. a.C.-4e s. p.C.)'', Folia Electronica Classica n.5(2003) [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422032654/http://bcs.fltr.ucl.ac.be/FE/05/pontgen.html] **''Le Collège pontifical (3ème s. a. C.-4ème s. p. C.) : contribution à l'étude de la religion publique romaine'', Bruxellis 2002. ISBN 90-74461-49-2. [http://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2005_num_74_1_2584_t2_0417_0000_2 Recensio critica.] * Georg Wissowa: ''Religion und Kultus der Römer.'' [[Handbuch der Altertumswissenschaft|Handbuch der klassischen Altertumswissenschaft]], vol. 4. Monaci: C. H. Beck, [[1902]]; 2. ed [[1912]], et anno [[1971]], ISBN 3-406-03406-3. == Nexus externus == *[http://www.imperiumromanum.com/religion/antikereligion/pontifices_01.htm De Pontifice.] ''Imperium Rromanum'' {{Roma antiqua}} [[Categoria:Religio Romana]] [[Categoria:Roma antiqua]] l0yjaobo7j54krqsgvps54357xqgjr5 4 32632 3957358 3937553 2026-04-28T01:36:33Z Grufo 64423 +‘__TOC__’ 3957358 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- category intentionally at the top of the page --><includeonly> <nowiki />__NEWSECTIONLINK__<nowiki /> <nowiki />__TOC__<nowiki /> [[Categoria:Vicipaedia]] [[Categoria:Fora Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] </includeonly>{{Capsa paginae|1= {{Compendia paginae|VP:T}} Haec est '''taberna Vicipaediae''' ubi potes si dubia habes, explanationes quaerere, nuntia ad nos mittere et cetera. {{Buto|{{Nexus ad recensendum|pars=nova|{{FULLPAGENAME}}|Quaestio nova}}}} <small>{{Buto|[[Fasciculus:OOjs UI icon language-ltr.svg|16px|link=Vicipaedia:Legatio nostra]] [[Vicipaedia:Legatio nostra|Legatio nostra]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Officina|Officina]]}} {{Buto|[[:Categoria:Fora Vicipaediae|Fora Vicipaediae]]}} {{Buto|[[:Categoria:Disputationes cum quaestionibus nondum absolutis|Quaestiones indomitae]]}} {{Buto|{{Nexus cum parametris | 1 = Specialis:Nuper mutata | 2 = Disputationes recentes | hidebots = 1 | hidecategorization = 1 | hideWikibase = 1 | hidelog = 1 | hidenewuserlog = 1 | tagfilter = mw-new-redirect{{!}}mw-changed-redirect-target | inverttags = 1 | namespace = all-discussions | limit = 1000 | days = 30 | urlversion = 2 }}}} {{Buto|{{Nexus cum parametris|Specialis:Acta|Actae gratiae|type=thanks}}}} </small> <small>Ut sententias antiquiores legas vide [[:Categoria:Tabernae acta priora|tabernae acta priora]].</small> }}{{Mone si pagina mensis abest|ancora=Monitus de pagina mensis absente}} [[Fasciculus:Hipp hipp hurra! Konstnärsfest på Skagen - Peder Severin Krøyer.jpg|thumb|right|280px|Hic colloqui possumus.]] {{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}} {{Capsa lateralis|1= '''[[:Categoria:Fora Vicipaediae|Fora Vicipaediae]]''' <categorytree mode="pages" hideroot="on" hideprefix="always">Fora Vicipaediae</categorytree> '''[[:Categoria:Disputationes cum quaestionibus nondum absolutis|Quaestiones indomitae]]''' <categorytree mode="pages" hideroot="on" hideprefix="always" namespaces="1 5 13">Disputationes cum quaestionibus nondum absolutis</categorytree> }}<noinclude> ==Usus== * Ad caput paginae "[[Vicipaedia:Taberna]]" [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae]] </noinclude> pu5bsmu6zdugnrdboyn2o0xzfd3f7f9 0 34795 3957354 2417471 2026-04-28T01:32:34Z Bartholomite 116968 3957354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Sainte clothilde.jpg|thumb|left|Sancta Clotildis]] Sancta {{res|Clotildis}} ([[Lugdunum|Lugduni]] [[475]] - [[Turonum|Turoni]], [[3 Iunii]] [[545]]), [[Chilpericus II (rex Burgundionum)|Chilperici II]] [[Burgundiones|Burgundionum]] regis Caretenaeque filia, fuit uxor [[Chlodovechus I (rex Francorum)|Chlodovechi I]] [[Franci|Francorum]] regis, quem ab [[Arianismus|Arianismo]] ad [[Religio Christiana|Christianismum]] orthodoxum convertit, quamobrem postea [[Sanctus|sanctificata]] est. Sancta Clotildis celebratur ab [[Ecclesia Catholica]] die [[Calendarium Romanae Ecclesiae|3 Iulii]]. == Bibliographia == * [[Godefridus Kurth]], ''Sainte Clotilde'', [[1912]]. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://www.heiligenlexikon.de/CatholicEncyclopedia/Clothilde.html Biographia] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Sanctus-stipula}} [[Categoria:Nati 475]] [[Categoria:Mortui 545]] [[Categoria:Reginae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Sancti]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] bgpisn26bmvre2qxdm2v7w9fukz4c04 0 34968 3957353 3334490 2026-04-28T01:26:40Z Bartholomite 116968 3957353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{videdis|Blasius}} {{Data Sancti| 2=us| nomen=Blasius| imago=Saint Blaise Louvre OAR504.jpg| px=250| explanatio=Blasius opponet governatorem [[Roma]]e: scaena [[fenestra]]e [[vitrum|vitri]] colorati ecclesia [[Picardia]]e, [[Francia]]e, XIII saeculi.| titulus=[[Episcopus]] et [[Martyr]], [[Quattuordecim auxiliatores|Auxiliator]] | natus= | locus_natalis = [[Armenia]] | mortuus= c. [[316]]| locus_mortalis = incognitus | canonizatio= VIII Saeculum| dies festae=[[3 Februarii]] | attributa=Pecten lanae, candelae| patronus=Animalium, constructorum, contra suffocandum, veterinariorum, faucium, [[Sicilia]]e, [[Dalmatia]]e, [[Ragusa]]e, [[Herberia]]e, lapicidarum, lanificum|}} {{res|Sanctus Blasius}} ([[Graece]] Ἅγιος Βλάσιος; [[Armenice]] Սուրբ Վլաս) fuit [[episcopus]] urbis [[Sebastea]]e, cuius nomen hodie Sivas est. [[Martyr]] obiit. == De vita == Dicitur Sanctus Blasius, ex medico [[morbus|morborum]] [[corpus|corporis]], [[anima]]rum peritus factus esse, deinde se ad speluncam aliquamdiu recepisse, ubi in [[oratio]]nibus mansit. Episcopus Sebastensis, Blasius homines tam exemplo quam verbis erudivit, et [[virtus|virtutes]] eius magnae ac sanctitas multis [[miraculum|miraculis]] comprobatae sunt. Ad eum homines confluere dicebantur, ut morbos corporis et spiritus curaret. [[Animalia]], quae ad eum sua sponte veniebant ut auxilium peterent, et vicissim ab animalibus adiuti esse dicitur, sanavisse. == Benedictio Sancti Blasii == Moris est in Ecclesia Occidentali in festo Sancti Blasii (die 3 Februarii) post missam celebratam fauces populi benedicere binis candelis in formam crucis infula rubra colligatis, ut contra omnes faucium morbos muniantur. Hic sequens formula a [[presbyter]]o dicitur: ''"Per intercessionem Sancti Blasii, episcopi et martyris, liberet te Deus a malo gutturis et a quolibet alio malo. In nomine Patris, et Filii +, et Spiritus Sancti. Amen."'' == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Saint Blaise|Blasium}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{sanctus-stipula}} [[Categoria:Viri]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 3]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Anargyri]] [[Categoria:Clerici Armeniae]] [[Categoria:Martyres]] [[Categoria:Sancti]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Sebasteni in Armenia]] [[Categoria:Incolae Anatoliae Graecoromanae]] [[Categoria:Episcopi et Archiepiscopi Lycienses]] fqa9a60syk9sciueptb0y9snuwmnrph 0 35860 3957321 3657971 2026-04-27T21:18:10Z CommonsDelinker 1422 Imago Homieĺ_Montage_(2017).jpg deleta est ex Communibus ab Polarlys. Ille hanc rationem dedit: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Homieĺ Montage (2017).jpg|]] 3957321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Homel'''<ref>[http://www.petergen.com/bovkalo/sp/mohylow1923.html Archidioecesis Mohiloviensis (anno 1923)]; Ioannis Tarnowiensis epistola in: [https://books.google.fr/books?id=gN9EAQAAMAAJ ''Dzieła Fabiana Sebestyana Klonowicza'', vol. I, Cracoviae 1829, p. 90]. </ref> vel '''Homēlum'''<ref>[[Ioannes Radvanus]] in [https://archive.org/details/Radivilias/page/n48 ''Radviliade'', p. 35].</ref> ([[Lingua Ruthenica Alba|Albaruthenice]] et [[Russice]]: Гомель) est urbs in [[Ruthenia Alba]], metropolis [[regio Homelensis|regionis Homelensis]]. Ad flumen [[Sosch]] sita est. Homel 479&thinsp;935 milia incolarum habens (anno [[2006]]) est secunda maxima urbs Rutheniae Albae post [[Minscum]]. == Historia urbis == Annus primae mentionis huius urbis est [[1142]]. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{fontes geographici}} {{CommuniaCat|Homel}} [[Categoria:Urbes regionis Homelensis]] mdj2swsckjj9owxgkldib1bue3w1rtn 3957336 3957321 2026-04-27T22:23:42Z IacobusAmor 1163 3957336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Homel'''<ref>[http://www.petergen.com/bovkalo/sp/mohylow1923.html Archidioecesis Mohiloviensis (anno 1923)]; Ioannis Tarnowiensis epistola in [https://books.google.fr/books?id=gN9EAQAAMAAJ ''Dzieła Fabiana Sebestyana Klonowicza'', vol. I, Cracoviae 1829, p. 90]. </ref> vel '''Homēlum'''<ref>[[Ioannes Radvanus]] in [https://archive.org/details/Radivilias/page/n48 ''Radviliade'', p. 35].</ref> ([[Lingua Ruthenica Alba|Albaruthenice]] et [[Russice]] Гомель) est [[urbs]] in [[Ruthenia Alba]], metropolis [[regio Homelensis|regionis Homelensis]]. Ad flumen [[Sosch]] sita est. Homel 479&thinsp;935 milia incolarum habens (anno [[2006]]) est secunda a maxima Rutheniae Albae urbe post [[Minscum]]. == Historia urbis == Annus primae mentionis huius urbis est [[1142]]. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{fontes geographici}} {{CommuniaCat|Homel}} [[Categoria:Urbes regionis Homelensis]] 5705klxssxeb0j1ywstb1q0h3mtsmxu 0 37064 3957316 3948534 2026-04-27T20:27:20Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3957316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Ioannes Piscator}} ([[Theodisce]] ''Johannes Fischer''; natus die [[27 Martii]] [[1546]] [[Argentoratum|Argentorati]]; mortuus die [[26 Iulii]] [[1625]] [[Herborna]]e in [[Provincia Giessa]]) fuit magister artium, [[professor]] ac [[theologia|theologus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]. == Vita == Piscator Argentorati [[Tubinga]]eque theologiae studebat et professor Artentorati factus est, postea eadem functione anno 1547 [[Heidelberga]]e. [[ecclesiae Reformatae|Ecclesiae Reformatae]] theologus erat. [[Sigena]]e eum anno 1577 tamquam rectorem secundum et anno 1578 magistrum ad ''Casimirianum'' [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße]] (nunc in [[rhenania-Palatinatus|Rhenania-Palatinatu]]) invenimus. Ex anno [[Meursia]]e in ''Adolphino'' docebat et ex anno 1584 vicarius rector in academia [[Herborna|Herbornensi]] erat. [[Biblia]]m in Theodiscum convertit (Herbornae 1602) et commentarios in libros canonicos Sacrarum Scripturarum scripsit (de [[novum Testamentum|Novo Testamento]] editio annis inter 1613–58, de [[Vetus Testamentum|Vetere Testamento]] autem anno 1646). Insuper habemus opera haec: ''Aphorismi doctrinae christianae'' (Herbornae 1619) et ''Explicatio catechismi'' (Heidelbergae 1622). == Bibliographia == *{{ADB|26|180|181|Piscator, Johannes|[[Friedrich Wilhelm Cuno]]| ADB:Piscator, Johann}} *Otto Renkhoff: ''Nassauische Biographie''. Aquis Mattiacis 1992. p. 613. * Franz Vollenweider: ''Piscator und Bern'', In: Berner Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Heimatkunde, Band 8 (1946), p. 69–74. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Johannes Piscator|Ioannem Piscatorem}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{PND|118792342|nomen=de aut ab Ioanne Piscatore scripta}} * [http://gso.gbv.de/DB=1.28/REL?PPN=004060024&RELTYPE=TT&COOKIE=U999,K999,D1.28,Ee836a294-50c,I0,B9994++++++,SY,A%5C9008+1,,0,H12-23,,30-31,,73-77,,80,,88-90,NGAST,R83.77.140.181,FN Opera Ioannis Piscator] *[https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118792342 De Piscatore apud DDB] {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Piscator, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Theologi]] [[Categoria:Incolae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1546]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1625]] [[Categoria:Magistri]] [[Categoria:Ecclesia Reformata]] jnp0rof4bztc8mqj707zruu4f63wqnq 0 42710 3957367 3149107 2026-04-28T05:02:22Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ratchis''' fuit bis ab anno [[744]] usque ad annum [[749]] et ab anno [[756]] usque ad annum [[757]] [[rex]] [[Langobardi|Langobardorum]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Paulus Diaconus]], ''[[Historia Gentis Langobardorum]]''. == Nexus externus == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110825102421/http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/ITALY,%20Kings%20to%20962.htm#_Toc203638185 Nota biographica] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Commonscat|Ratchis|Ratchis (rex Langobardorum)}} {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Reges Langobardorum]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 8]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 8]] ri8ubxjch93d8dybr3m2byo8q1ecswm 0 47738 3957311 3838068 2026-04-27T20:07:54Z StannileiusIohnsonius 208506 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 3957311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Hercules (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Ugo_Pagliai_Anfitrione_Eracle_2007.jpg|thumb|200 px|[[Histrio]] [[Italia]]nus [[Hugo Pagliai]] ut [[Amphitruo]] in Hercule [[Syracusae|Syracusis]] anno [[2007]] agit]] '''''Hercules''''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἡρακλῆς}} aut ''Ἡρακλῆς μαινόμενος'') est [[tragoedia]] [[Euripides|Euripidea]] circa annum [[416 a.C.n.]] docta qua poeta fabulam Herculis furore excaecati et propriam uxorem cum liberis interficientis in scaenam proferebat. Quam tragoediam [[Lingua Latina|Latine]] imitatus est Seneca in ''[[Hercules furens|Hercule furente]]''. Ut in [[Aiax (Sophocles)|Sophocleo ''Aiace'']] [[heros]] furore excaecatus turpes res commisit sed ad sanitatem reversus alia viam atque Aiax adiit. == Personae == * [[Amphitryon|Amphitruo]], Herculis pater mortalis *[[Megara (mythologia)|Megara]], Herculis uxor * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] senum * Lycos [[Tyrannis|tyrannus]] *[[Hercules]] *[[Iris (mythologia)|Iris]], deorum nuntia *Lyssa, "Rabies"<ref>Jacqueline Duchemin, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1967_num_80_379_3928 Le personnage de Lyssa dans Héraclès d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 1967ː 130-139</ref>, Noctis filia *Nuntius *[[Theseus]], Atheniensium rex * Herculis et Megarae tres filii et dea Athena sunt personae mutae. Res [[Thebae (Boeotia)|Thebis]] in [[Boeotia]] geruntur. Spectatores aram pro Amphitruonis domo vident ad quam Herculis familia confugit. == Summarium == [[Fasciculus:Madrid Krater Asteas MAN Inv11094.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Hercules furens in [[Crater|cratere]] ex [[Salernum|Salerno]] in [[Campania]]. IV saeculo a.C.n.]] *'''Prologusː''' Amphitruo spectatoribus narrat cur ipse et Megara, [[Creon Thebanus|Creontis]] regis defuncti filia, ad aram confugerintː tyrannus ex Euboea Lycos Creontem interfecit et regno potitus est. Nunc omnem stirpem regiam delere cupit, quia sibi persuasum habet Herculem ex Inferis quo [[Cerberus|Cerberi]] in lucem trahendi causa descendit numquam rediturum esse. Megara solationem et auxilium apud socerum quaerit qui spem abiciendam negat<ref>Versus 105-6ː ''οὗτος δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἄριστος ὅστις ἐλπίσι / πέποιθεν αἰεί: τὸ δ᾽ ἀπορεῖν ἀνδρὸς κακοῦ'' = vir optimus numquam desperat; ignavi viri est abdicare.</ref>. *'''[[Parodos]]ː''' chorus senum Thebanorum intrat infirmitatem et senium deplorans, Herculis liberis iam auxilio esse non possunt quorum eos miseret. *'''Primum episodiumː''' advenit Lycus qui ab eis quaerit an mortem vitaturos esse adhuc sperentː nam Herculem nunc in Inferis iacere adfirmabat et vivum timidum bellatorem fuisse ut qui eminus sagittis potius quam gladio pugnaret. Amphitruo filii honorem vindicat sagittarios victoriae saepe utiliores fuisse quam qui comminus pugnabant demonstransː praeterea hoplitae fortuna e virtute circumiacentium militum pendet qui agmen efficiunt. Lycus non respondet sed comitibus imperat ut materiam congerant ad supplices circa aram concremandos. Tum Megara mortem non iam fugere decernit<ref>Versus 309-10ː ''τὰς τῶν θεῶν γὰρ ὅστις ἐκμοχθεῖ τύχας, / πρόθυμός ἐστιν, ἡ προθυμία δ᾽ ἄφρων'' = qui sortibus deorum impugnat strenuus quidem est sed illa strenuitas amens.</ref> atque tantummodo petit ut sibi liberos in domo funebri apparatu vestire interim liceat. Quod concessit Lycus et omnes scaenam relinquunt. *'''Primum stasimonː''' chorus [[Labores Herculis|Herculis labores]] celebrat et senii imbellicitatem deplorat. *'''Secundum episodiumː''' Herculis familia e domo exit, ad mortem parata. Megara praeclaram vitam describit quam tribus filiis speraverat et iterum Herculem precatur ut appareat etiam sub umbrae forma. Quod mirabiliter evenitː nam Herculem inopinate ex Inferis redeuntem adspiciunt qui eis narrat quomodo Cerberum super terram traxerit atque simul [[Theseus|Theseum]] ibi captivum in lucem reduxerit. Horrescit cum liberos suos funebribus stolis vestitos adspicit. Lyci scelera postquam audiit ad ultionem paratus cum familia domum intrat. *'''Secundum stasimonː''' chorus senectutem suam vituperans iuventutem celebrat. Deos si humana sentirent secundam iuventutem bonis viris daturos fuisse existimat ut boni a malis certo signo secernerentur. Ipsum numquam [[Musae (deae)|Musarum]] ministerium deserturum pollicetur quia [[Mnemosyne|Mnemosynen]] colere etiam seni licet atque ita hymno Herculem celebrabit<ref>Versus 676-9ː ''μὴ ζῴην μετ' ἀμουσίας, / αἰεὶ δ' ἐν στεφάνοισιν εἴην. / Ἔτι τοι γέρων ἀοιδὸς / κελαδεῖ Μναμοσύναν·'' = Ne vivam sine Musis, semper sub coronis verser. Senex quoque vates Mnemosynen canit...</ref>. Multi [[Critica litterarum|critici]] hos versus ipsius Euripidis de se verba esse arbitrantur. *'''Tertium episodiumː''' Lycus redux Amphitruonem solum invenit quem ubi sint ceteri morituri rogat. Postquam intra domum eos manere accepit cum satellitibus domum ingreditur. Mox lugubres clamores audiuntur et chori senes tyrannum Herculis ictibus perire intelligunt. *'''Tertium stasimonː''' chorus Iovi ceterisque deis gratiam agit quod opem iustis tulerint et de impiis poenas sumpserint. Totam Boeotiam cum montibus et fluminibus ad gaudendum provocat. Ultimis versibus iam horrendis visis in caelo manifestis terretur. *'''Quartum episodiumː''' advenae caelestes sunt Iris, Iunonis nuntia et Lyssa, Noctis filia cuius aspectus [[Furiae]] similis est et munus in furore pectori eorum incutiendo quos dei perdere volunt constat. Iris consilium suum senibus aperitː Herculem usque ad caedem innocentium filiorum furore insanientem faciet. Nisi enim Hercules hanc poenam dabit dei in posterum spernentur quos homines vicisse sese iactabunt. Lyssa primum Herculem, nobilem heroem, adoriri aspernatur. At cum irascitur Iris iussa facere incipit. Mox lamentationes Amphitruonis e domo audiuntur et nuntius accurrit quomodo Hercules liberos et uxorem immaniter interfecerit nuntiaturus quos Eurysthei familiam esse falso credebat. Cum autem patrem sagittis iam peteret dea [[Athena]] domum diruens saxum in herois pectus proiecit qui profundo somno statim obrutus est. *'''Quartum stasimonː''' chorus caedem et Herculis fatum flebiliter deplorat dum machina ''ekkuklêma'' vocata domum interiorem et cadavera et Herculem ligatum dormientemque in scaenam profert et spectatoribus ostendit. *'''Exodosː''' Hercules columnae fragmento Amphitruonis iussu adligatus expergiscitur ruinis et cadaveribus undique circumdatus. Quid evenerit omnino oblitus est et postquam pater eum de liberorum caede paulatim certiorem fecit ad mortem voluntariam decurrere vult scelerum conscientiam ut effugeret. Tum vero Theseus advenit qui beneficii memor Athenarum hospitalitatem heroi polliceturː ubi post mortem quoque lapideis monumentis coletur. Quin etiam exemplo deorum eum solatur qui nefanda facinora volentes committere solent nec minus dei sunt. Hercules respondet fabulis a poetis de deis excogitatis se non credere<ref>Versus 1340-6.</ref> sed miseram vitam tolerare fortius esse existimans<ref>Versus 1347-52ː ''Ἐσκεψάμην δὲ καίπερ ἐν κακοῖσιν ὤν, / μὴ δειλίαν ὄφλω τιν' ἐκλιπὼν φάος· ... ἐγκαρτερήσω θάνατον'' = 'quamquam miser sum timui ne ignaviae accusarer si lucem liquissem... Morti resistam' (sunt qui textum manuscriptorum ita emendentː ''ἐγκαρτερήσω βίοτον'' = vitam tolerabo).</ref> quam ad mortem confugere gratias agit et Theseum sequitur postquam liberos sepeliendos patri Amphitruoni tradidit. == De argumento == Herculis insaniae mythus iam ante Euripidem innotuerat<ref>Iam in ''Carminibus Cypriis'' narrabatur.</ref>; at ille multa novavit atque mutavit in primis ut heroem minus rudem et agrestem efficeret quam in fabulis ostendebatur. Ita haec caedes quae vulgo ante [[Labores Herculis|labores]] a prioribus poetis ponebatur post labores ad ultimam vitam transtulit<ref>Ita Euripides [[Deianira|Deianiram]] et pyram in monte [[Oeta]] ignorabat.</ref> ita ut poenam eiusmodi minime meruisse videretur. In mytho communi liberos tantum necabat atque deinde Megaram propinquo [[Iolaus|Iolao]] in matrimonium tradebat quod spectatoribus quinti saeculi nimis durum videri potuit. Tyrannus Lycus quoque Euripidis inventio fuisse creditur quae invidiam in Herculis inimicos moveret. Deam poliadem Athenam et Atheniensium regem Theseum in mythum introduxit in maiorem patriae gloriam spectatorumque benevolentiae captandae causa. Simul non malum hominem esse Herculem magis apparebat siquidem amicitiam in infortunio tam fidelem servare meruisset. Praeterea Hercules in Atticam proficiscitur velut ibi moriturus<ref>Versus 1331-7.</ref> et insuper eodem patrem Amphitruonem arcessiturus ad sepulturam<ref>Versus 1421.</ref>. Quod nusquam alibi legitur. Quin etiam labores suscepisse dicitur non tam Iunonis ob iram coactus quam ut patris exsulis reditum in patriam Argivam redimeret<ref>Verba Amphitruonis versibus 16-21.</ref>, quod a vulgata versione discrepat. Diu critici in hac tragoedia actionem velut in duas partes distractam reprehenderuntː prima enim parte Lyci saevitia timetur et periculo illo Herculis reditu vix suppresso iam chorus providentiam deorum iustitiam in terris restituentium celebrabat, quae felix conclusio fuisset, cum duae saevae deae in scaenam inrumpunt et qui liberis prius saluti fuit eorum interfector per voluntatem deorum fit. Itaque reiectis deis Hercules Iovis paternitatem aspernatur atque solius Amphitrionis filius esse decernit<ref>Versus 1265ː ''πατέρα γὰρ ἀντὶ Ζηνὸς ἡγοῦμαι σὲ ἐγώ''. </ref>ː simul ad humanam amicitiam decurrit. Non apud deos enim sed apud homines auxilium et misericordia inveniuntur. ==Notae== <references/> == Editiones et commentarii == [[Fasciculus:Mosaic panel depicting the madness of Heracles (Hercules furens), from the Villa Torre de Palma near Monforte, 3rd-4th century AD, National Archaeology Museum of Lisbon, Portugal (12973806145).jpg|thumb|[[Opus tessellatum]] in [[Lusitania]] repertumː Hercules furens parvum filium coram Megara taeda petit.]] *''Euripides, Heracles with introduction and commentary by Godfrey W. Bond'', Oxonii, Clarendon Press, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1983_num_96_455_1366_t2_0320_0000_2 Recensio critica] == Plura legere si cupis == *Jacqueline Assaël, "[https://journals.openedition.org/rursus/563 La violence dans l'Héraclès furieux d’Euripide. Lecture girardienne]", ''Rursus'', 2011. *Shirley A. Barlow, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/642338 Structure and Dramatic Realism in Euripides' 'Heracles']", ''Greece & Rome'', 1982ː 115-125 *Gerhard J. Baudy, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4476951 Die Herrschaft des Wolfes: Das Thema der 'verkehrten Welt' in Euripides' 'Herakles']", ''Hermes'', 1993ː 159-180 *E. M. Griffiths, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4433378 Euripides' "Herakles" and the Pursuit of Immortality]", ''Mnemosyne'', 2002ː 641-656 *W. E. Higgins, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20538843 Deciphering Time in the "Herakles" of Euripides]", ''Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica'', 1984ː 89-109 *F. Jouan, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1970_num_72_3_3872 Le « Prométhée» d'Eschyle et l'« Héraclès » d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 1970ː 317-331 *Brooke Holmes, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/ca.2008.27.2.231 Euripides' Heracles in the Flesh]", ''Classical Antiquity'', 2008ː 231-281 *J. C. Kamerbeek, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4429190 Unity and Meaning of Euripides' "Heracles"]", ''Mnemosyne'', 1966ː 1-16 *Rocco Marseglia, "[https://journals.openedition.org/pallas/16361?lang=fr Mythe et dramaturgie dans l’Héraclès d’Euripide]", ''Pallas'', 2019ː 17-31 *Mark W. Padilla, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26309583 Heroic paternity in Euripides' "Heracles"]", ''Arethusa'', 1994ː 279-302 *Thalia Papadopoulou, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4433556 Herakles and Hercules: The Hero's Ambivalence in Euripides and Seneca]", ''Mnemosyne'', 2004ː 257-283 *Cecilia J. Perczyk, "[https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/62117/El_ritual_y_la_locura_en_Heracles_de_Euripides_-__Cecilia_J._Perczyk.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y El ritual y la locura en Heracles de Eurípides]", ''Phoenix'', 2015ː 41-58 *Antonietta Provenza, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23470076 Madness and bestialization in Euripides' "Heracles"]", ''The Classical Quarterly'', 2013ː 68-93 *Kathleen Riley, "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118351222.wbegt2670 Euripides: Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς μαινόμενος)]" in ''Encyclopedia of Greek Tragedy'', Wiley, 2013 *Renate Schlesier, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24307066 "Héraclès" et la critique des dieux chez Euripide]", ''Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di Lettere e Filosofia'', 1985ː 7-40 == Nexus externi == *[http://hodoi.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/euripide_hercule_furieux/lecture/1.htm Textus Graecus et versio Francogallica apud Itinera electronica]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Euripides/Heracles/heracles.html Herakles apud Greekmythology.com] [[Categoria:Tragoediae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Euripides]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 5 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Hercules]] lyhmv9arfjcds1amugu9m9ad6jajqwm 3957334 3957311 2026-04-27T22:19:20Z IacobusAmor 1163 Nexus "Latine" iam adest. 3957334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Hercules (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Ugo_Pagliai_Anfitrione_Eracle_2007.jpg|thumb|200 px|[[Histrio]] [[Italia]]nus [[Hugo Pagliai]] ut [[Amphitruo]] in Hercule [[Syracusae|Syracusis]] anno [[2007]] agit]] '''''Hercules''''' ([[Graece]] {{Polytonic|Ἡρακλῆς}} aut ''Ἡρακλῆς μαινόμενος'') est [[tragoedia]] [[Euripides|Euripidea]] circa annum [[416 a.C.n.]] docta qua poeta fabulam Herculis furore excaecati et propriam uxorem cum liberis interficientis in scaenam proferebat. Quam tragoediam [[Latine]] imitatus est Seneca in ''[[Hercules furens|Hercule furente]]''. Ut in [[Aiax (Sophocles)|Sophocleo ''Aiace'']] [[heros]] furore excaecatus turpes res commisit sed ad sanitatem reversus alia viam atque Aiax adiit. == Personae == * [[Amphitryon|Amphitruo]], Herculis pater mortalis *[[Megara (mythologia)|Megara]], Herculis uxor * [[Chorus Graecus|Chorus]] senum * Lycos [[Tyrannis|tyrannus]] *[[Hercules]] *[[Iris (mythologia)|Iris]], deorum nuntia *Lyssa, "Rabies"<ref>Jacqueline Duchemin, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1967_num_80_379_3928 Le personnage de Lyssa dans Héraclès d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Grecques'', 1967ː 130-139</ref>, Noctis filia *Nuntius *[[Theseus]], Atheniensium rex * Herculis et Megarae tres filii et dea Athena sunt personae mutae. Res [[Thebae (Boeotia)|Thebis]] in [[Boeotia]] geruntur. Spectatores aram pro Amphitruonis domo vident ad quam Herculis familia confugit. == Summarium == [[Fasciculus:Madrid Krater Asteas MAN Inv11094.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Hercules furens in [[Crater|cratere]] ex [[Salernum|Salerno]] in [[Campania]]. IV saeculo a.C.n.]] *'''Prologusː''' Amphitruo spectatoribus narrat cur ipse et Megara, [[Creon Thebanus|Creontis]] regis defuncti filia, ad aram confugerintː tyrannus ex Euboea Lycos Creontem interfecit et regno potitus est. Nunc omnem stirpem regiam delere cupit, quia sibi persuasum habet Herculem ex Inferis quo [[Cerberus|Cerberi]] in lucem trahendi causa descendit numquam rediturum esse. Megara solationem et auxilium apud socerum quaerit qui spem abiciendam negat<ref>Versus 105-6ː ''οὗτος δ᾽ ἀνὴρ ἄριστος ὅστις ἐλπίσι / πέποιθεν αἰεί: τὸ δ᾽ ἀπορεῖν ἀνδρὸς κακοῦ'' = vir optimus numquam desperat; ignavi viri est abdicare.</ref>. *'''[[Parodos]]ː''' chorus senum Thebanorum intrat infirmitatem et senium deplorans, Herculis liberis iam auxilio esse non possunt quorum eos miseret. *'''Primum episodiumː''' advenit Lycus qui ab eis quaerit an mortem vitaturos esse adhuc sperentː nam Herculem nunc in Inferis iacere adfirmabat et vivum timidum bellatorem fuisse ut qui eminus sagittis potius quam gladio pugnaret. Amphitruo filii honorem vindicat sagittarios victoriae saepe utiliores fuisse quam qui comminus pugnabant demonstransː praeterea hoplitae fortuna e virtute circumiacentium militum pendet qui agmen efficiunt. Lycus non respondet sed comitibus imperat ut materiam congerant ad supplices circa aram concremandos. Tum Megara mortem non iam fugere decernit<ref>Versus 309-10ː ''τὰς τῶν θεῶν γὰρ ὅστις ἐκμοχθεῖ τύχας, / πρόθυμός ἐστιν, ἡ προθυμία δ᾽ ἄφρων'' = qui sortibus deorum impugnat strenuus quidem est sed illa strenuitas amens.</ref> atque tantummodo petit ut sibi liberos in domo funebri apparatu vestire interim liceat. Quod concessit Lycus et omnes scaenam relinquunt. *'''Primum stasimonː''' chorus [[Labores Herculis|Herculis labores]] celebrat et senii imbellicitatem deplorat. *'''Secundum episodiumː''' Herculis familia e domo exit, ad mortem parata. Megara praeclaram vitam describit quam tribus filiis speraverat et iterum Herculem precatur ut appareat etiam sub umbrae forma. Quod mirabiliter evenitː nam Herculem inopinate ex Inferis redeuntem adspiciunt qui eis narrat quomodo Cerberum super terram traxerit atque simul [[Theseus|Theseum]] ibi captivum in lucem reduxerit. Horrescit cum liberos suos funebribus stolis vestitos adspicit. Lyci scelera postquam audiit ad ultionem paratus cum familia domum intrat. *'''Secundum stasimonː''' chorus senectutem suam vituperans iuventutem celebrat. Deos si humana sentirent secundam iuventutem bonis viris daturos fuisse existimat ut boni a malis certo signo secernerentur. Ipsum numquam [[Musae (deae)|Musarum]] ministerium deserturum pollicetur quia [[Mnemosyne|Mnemosynen]] colere etiam seni licet atque ita hymno Herculem celebrabit<ref>Versus 676-9ː ''μὴ ζῴην μετ' ἀμουσίας, / αἰεὶ δ' ἐν στεφάνοισιν εἴην. / Ἔτι τοι γέρων ἀοιδὸς / κελαδεῖ Μναμοσύναν·'' = Ne vivam sine Musis, semper sub coronis verser. Senex quoque vates Mnemosynen canit...</ref>. Multi [[Critica litterarum|critici]] hos versus ipsius Euripidis de se verba esse arbitrantur. *'''Tertium episodiumː''' Lycus redux Amphitruonem solum invenit quem ubi sint ceteri morituri rogat. Postquam intra domum eos manere accepit cum satellitibus domum ingreditur. Mox lugubres clamores audiuntur et chori senes tyrannum Herculis ictibus perire intelligunt. *'''Tertium stasimonː''' chorus Iovi ceterisque deis gratiam agit quod opem iustis tulerint et de impiis poenas sumpserint. Totam Boeotiam cum montibus et fluminibus ad gaudendum provocat. Ultimis versibus iam horrendis visis in caelo manifestis terretur. *'''Quartum episodiumː''' advenae caelestes sunt Iris, Iunonis nuntia et Lyssa, Noctis filia cuius aspectus [[Furiae]] similis est et munus in furore pectori eorum incutiendo quos dei perdere volunt constat. Iris consilium suum senibus aperitː Herculem usque ad caedem innocentium filiorum furore insanientem faciet. Nisi enim Hercules hanc poenam dabit dei in posterum spernentur quos homines vicisse sese iactabunt. Lyssa primum Herculem, nobilem heroem, adoriri aspernatur. At cum irascitur Iris iussa facere incipit. Mox lamentationes Amphitruonis e domo audiuntur et nuntius accurrit quomodo Hercules liberos et uxorem immaniter interfecerit nuntiaturus quos Eurysthei familiam esse falso credebat. Cum autem patrem sagittis iam peteret dea [[Athena]] domum diruens saxum in herois pectus proiecit qui profundo somno statim obrutus est. *'''Quartum stasimonː''' chorus caedem et Herculis fatum flebiliter deplorat dum machina ''ekkuklêma'' vocata domum interiorem et cadavera et Herculem ligatum dormientemque in scaenam profert et spectatoribus ostendit. *'''Exodosː''' Hercules columnae fragmento Amphitruonis iussu adligatus expergiscitur ruinis et cadaveribus undique circumdatus. Quid evenerit omnino oblitus est et postquam pater eum de liberorum caede paulatim certiorem fecit ad mortem voluntariam decurrere vult scelerum conscientiam ut effugeret. Tum vero Theseus advenit qui beneficii memor Athenarum hospitalitatem heroi polliceturː ubi post mortem quoque lapideis monumentis coletur. Quin etiam exemplo deorum eum solatur qui nefanda facinora volentes committere solent nec minus dei sunt. Hercules respondet fabulis a poetis de deis excogitatis se non credere<ref>Versus 1340-6.</ref> sed miseram vitam tolerare fortius esse existimans<ref>Versus 1347-52ː ''Ἐσκεψάμην δὲ καίπερ ἐν κακοῖσιν ὤν, / μὴ δειλίαν ὄφλω τιν' ἐκλιπὼν φάος· ... ἐγκαρτερήσω θάνατον'' = 'quamquam miser sum timui ne ignaviae accusarer si lucem liquissem... Morti resistam' (sunt qui textum manuscriptorum ita emendentː ''ἐγκαρτερήσω βίοτον'' = vitam tolerabo).</ref> quam ad mortem confugere gratias agit et Theseum sequitur postquam liberos sepeliendos patri Amphitruoni tradidit. == De argumento == Herculis insaniae mythus iam ante Euripidem innotuerat<ref>Iam in ''Carminibus Cypriis'' narrabatur.</ref>; at ille multa novavit atque mutavit in primis ut heroem minus rudem et agrestem efficeret quam in fabulis ostendebatur. Ita haec caedes quae vulgo ante [[Labores Herculis|labores]] a prioribus poetis ponebatur post labores ad ultimam vitam transtulit<ref>Ita Euripides [[Deianira|Deianiram]] et pyram in monte [[Oeta]] ignorabat.</ref> ita ut poenam eiusmodi minime meruisse videretur. In mytho communi liberos tantum necabat atque deinde Megaram propinquo [[Iolaus|Iolao]] in matrimonium tradebat quod spectatoribus quinti saeculi nimis durum videri potuit. Tyrannus Lycus quoque Euripidis inventio fuisse creditur quae invidiam in Herculis inimicos moveret. Deam poliadem Athenam et Atheniensium regem Theseum in mythum introduxit in maiorem patriae gloriam spectatorumque benevolentiae captandae causa. Simul non malum hominem esse Herculem magis apparebat siquidem amicitiam in infortunio tam fidelem servare meruisset. Praeterea Hercules in Atticam proficiscitur velut ibi moriturus<ref>Versus 1331-7.</ref> et insuper eodem patrem Amphitruonem arcessiturus ad sepulturam<ref>Versus 1421.</ref>. Quod nusquam alibi legitur. Quin etiam labores suscepisse dicitur non tam Iunonis ob iram coactus quam ut patris exsulis reditum in patriam Argivam redimeret<ref>Verba Amphitruonis versibus 16-21.</ref>, quod a vulgata versione discrepat. Diu critici in hac tragoedia actionem velut in duas partes distractam reprehenderuntː prima enim parte Lyci saevitia timetur et periculo illo Herculis reditu vix suppresso iam chorus providentiam deorum iustitiam in terris restituentium celebrabat, quae felix conclusio fuisset, cum duae saevae deae in scaenam inrumpunt et qui liberis prius saluti fuit eorum interfector per voluntatem deorum fit. Itaque reiectis deis Hercules Iovis paternitatem aspernatur atque solius Amphitrionis filius esse decernit<ref>Versus 1265ː ''πατέρα γὰρ ἀντὶ Ζηνὸς ἡγοῦμαι σὲ ἐγώ''. </ref>ː simul ad humanam amicitiam decurrit. Non apud deos enim sed apud homines auxilium et misericordia inveniuntur. ==Notae== <references/> == Editiones et commentarii == [[Fasciculus:Mosaic panel depicting the madness of Heracles (Hercules furens), from the Villa Torre de Palma near Monforte, 3rd-4th century AD, National Archaeology Museum of Lisbon, Portugal (12973806145).jpg|thumb|[[Opus tessellatum]] in [[Lusitania]] repertumː Hercules furens parvum filium coram Megara taeda petit.]] *''Euripides, Heracles with introduction and commentary by Godfrey W. Bond'', Oxonii, Clarendon Press, 1982 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1983_num_96_455_1366_t2_0320_0000_2 Recensio critica] == Plura legere si cupis == *Jacqueline Assaël, "[https://journals.openedition.org/rursus/563 La violence dans l'Héraclès furieux d’Euripide. Lecture girardienne]", ''Rursus'', 2011. *Shirley A. Barlow, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/642338 Structure and Dramatic Realism in Euripides' 'Heracles']", ''Greece & Rome'', 1982ː 115-125 *Gerhard J. Baudy, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4476951 Die Herrschaft des Wolfes: Das Thema der 'verkehrten Welt' in Euripides' 'Herakles']", ''Hermes'', 1993ː 159-180 *E. M. Griffiths, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4433378 Euripides' "Herakles" and the Pursuit of Immortality]", ''Mnemosyne'', 2002ː 641-656 *W. E. Higgins, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/20538843 Deciphering Time in the "Herakles" of Euripides]", ''Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica'', 1984ː 89-109 *F. Jouan, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1970_num_72_3_3872 Le « Prométhée» d'Eschyle et l'« Héraclès » d'Euripide]", ''Revue des Études Anciennes'', 1970ː 317-331 *Brooke Holmes, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/ca.2008.27.2.231 Euripides' Heracles in the Flesh]", ''Classical Antiquity'', 2008ː 231-281 *J. C. Kamerbeek, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4429190 Unity and Meaning of Euripides' "Heracles"]", ''Mnemosyne'', 1966ː 1-16 *Rocco Marseglia, "[https://journals.openedition.org/pallas/16361?lang=fr Mythe et dramaturgie dans l’Héraclès d’Euripide]", ''Pallas'', 2019ː 17-31 *Mark W. Padilla, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/26309583 Heroic paternity in Euripides' "Heracles"]", ''Arethusa'', 1994ː 279-302 *Thalia Papadopoulou, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4433556 Herakles and Hercules: The Hero's Ambivalence in Euripides and Seneca]", ''Mnemosyne'', 2004ː 257-283 *Cecilia J. Perczyk, "[https://ri.conicet.gov.ar/bitstream/handle/11336/62117/El_ritual_y_la_locura_en_Heracles_de_Euripides_-__Cecilia_J._Perczyk.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y El ritual y la locura en Heracles de Eurípides]", ''Phoenix'', 2015ː 41-58 *Antonietta Provenza, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23470076 Madness and bestialization in Euripides' "Heracles"]", ''The Classical Quarterly'', 2013ː 68-93 *Kathleen Riley, "[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118351222.wbegt2670 Euripides: Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς μαινόμενος)]" in ''Encyclopedia of Greek Tragedy'', Wiley, 2013 *Renate Schlesier, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/24307066 "Héraclès" et la critique des dieux chez Euripide]", ''Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di Lettere e Filosofia'', 1985ː 7-40 == Nexus externi == *[http://hodoi.fltr.ucl.ac.be/concordances/euripide_hercule_furieux/lecture/1.htm Textus Graecus et versio Francogallica apud Itinera electronica]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[https://www.greekmythology.com/Plays/Euripides/Heracles/heracles.html Herakles apud Greekmythology.com] [[Categoria:Tragoediae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Graeciae scripta]] [[Categoria:Euripides]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 5 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Hercules]] 6um4a609t48l6vnff4ym5lh2ni0bxt0 0 49408 3957365 3657594 2026-04-28T04:13:43Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Rainer Maria Rilke.jpg|thumb|Rainer Maria Rilke. Opus [[Aemilius Orlik|Aemilii Orlik]] (1917)]] '''Rainerius Maria Rilke''', vulgo ''Rainer Maria'' sed praenominibus nativis ''René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke'' ([[Praga]]e natus die [[4 Decembris]] [[1875]]; in sanatorio prope [[Montreux]] [[Helvetia]]e mortuus die [[29 Decembris]] [[1926]]), fuit [[scriptor]] et [[poeta]] [[modernismus litteratus|modernista]]. ==De vita== Iussu patris, [[Schola Militaris ad Sanctum Hippolytum|scholam militarem ad Sanctum Hippolytum]] in [[Austria]] frequentavit. Postea apud [[Universitas Carolina Pragensis|Universitatem Carolinam Pragensem]] et [[Universitas Ludovico-Maximilianea Monacensis|Universitatem Ludovico-Maximilianeam Monacensem]] [[historia artis|historiae artis]] et [[philosophia]]e studuit. [[Litterae Franciae|Litteras Francicas]] et [[Litterae Italiae|Italicas]] et [[Litterae Russicae|Russicas]] amavit et [[translatio|convertit]], in eis operum [[Paulus Valéry|Pauli Valéry]], [[Carolus Baudelaire|Caroli Baudelaire]] et [[Michelangelus|Michelangeli]], [[Ioannes Turgenev|Turgenev]], fecit, etiam [[multilinguismus|polyglottus]] fuit, et multas [[epistula]]s, inter eas ad [[Paulus Cézanne|Paulum Cézanne]], scripsit. == Opera selecta == * 1905: ''[[Das Stunden-Buch]]'' (Liber horarum), poëmata * 1910: ''[[Die Aufzeichnungen des Malte Laurids Brigge]]'' (Commentarii Malte Laurids Brigge), mythistoria * 1923: ''[[Duineser Elegien]]'' ([[Elegia]]e [[Duinum-Aurisium|Duinenses]]) * 1923: ''[[Die Sonette an Orpheus]]'' ([[Sonnectum|Canticula]] in [[Orpheus|Orpheum]]) * 1929: ''[[Briefe an einen jungen Dichter]]'' (Litterae ad poetam iuvenem) == Bibliographia == ; Editiones operum * ''Rainer Maria Rilke: Sämtliche Werke''. 7 voll. Wiesbaden et Francofurti: Insel, 1955-1997 * Manred Engel, Ulrich Füllerborn, Horst Nalewski, August Stahl, edd., ''Rainer Maria Rilke: Werke: kommentierte Ausgabe in vier Bänden''. Francofurti: Insel, 1996. ISBN 3-458-16800-1. ''Supplementband'': 2004 ; Biographica * Stéphane Michaud, Gerald Stieg, edd., ''Rilke et son amie Lou Andreas-Salome ́à Paris''. Lutetiae: Presses Sorbonne Nouvelle, 2001 {{Google Books|dTjs6LS53RQC|Paginae selectae}} * Ingeborg Schrank, ''Rilke: Chronik seines Lebens und Werkes''. Francofurti: Insel, 1996. ISBN 3-458-16827-3 ; Aliae encyclopaediae * {{BBKL|r/rilke_r_m|auctor=Kay-Volker Koschel|commentatio=RILKE, Rainer Maria|tomus=8|columnae=361-368}} {{NexInt}} *[[9833 Rilke]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Rainer Maria Rilke| Rainerium Mariam Rilke }} * [http://www.rilke-gedichte.Opemata, alia opera et Biographia Rilke]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.xlibris.de/Autoren/Rilke Vita et opera Rilke] {{Myrias|Homines}} {{Lifetime|1875|1926|Rilke, Rainerius Maria}} [[Categoria:Auctores Theodisci]] [[Categoria:Incolae Cechiae]] [[Categoria:Poetae Austriae]] [[Categoria:Poetae Helvetiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Austriae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Helvetiae]] tb6ju4wo92ply31gju2efgxh5c6t2nk 0 53283 3957281 3812818 2026-04-27T16:07:47Z LilyKitty 18316 de dominio intellectuali 3957281 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:GWMNM private property sign.jpg|thumb|Insigne indicat proprietatem privatam esse.]] '''Dominium''' sensu latiori dicitur, quidquid ad bona nostra pertinet, quidquid nostrum est, sive corporale sive incorporale sit. Si haec generalis dominii notio in res corporales transfertur, efficitur notio dominii sensu strictiori (dominium simpliciter dictum). Hoc igitur ad notionem et naturam suam consistit in rei corporalis proprietate i.e. in eo, ut res ad nos pertineat scilicet res nostra sit. Ad naturam suam dominium est ius illimitatum et exclusivum. Itaque comprehendit ius quocumque licito modo de rei substantia disponendi, eam possidendi, ea utendi, et aliorum dispositiones ab ea arcendi<ref>Ferdinandi Mackeldeii, ''Systema iuris Romani hodie usitati'', Lipsiae, sumptibus Io. Conr. Hinrichsii, 1847, p. 350</ref>. == De dominio jure Romano == Secundum brocardicum clarissimum «proprietas est ius utendi et abutendi re sua quatenus iuris ratio patitur». Iurisconsulti res esse in abusu dicunt, quae usu omnino consumuntur et pereunt. Primum mancipium tantum erat Romanis, ubi ius in rem per [[violentia|vim]] accipiebatur (nam mancipium dictum est a ''manu capere''). «Ceterum cum apud cives Romanos duplex sit dominium (nam vel in bonis vel ex iure Quiritium vel ex utroque iure cuiusque servus esse intellegitur), ita demum servum in potestate domini esse dicemus, si in bonis eius sit, etiamsi simul ex iure Quiritum eiusdem non sit: Nam qui nudum ius Quiritium in servo habet, is potestatem habere non intellegitur»<ref>Gaius, ''Institutiones'', I.54</ref>. «Sequitur, ut admoneamus apud peregrinos quidem unum esse dominium; nam aut dominus quisque est aut dominus non intellegitur. Quo iure etiam populus Romanus olim utebatur: aut enim ex iure Quiritium unusquisque dominus erat aut non intellegebatur dominus. Sed postea divisionem accepit dominium, ut alius possit esse ex iure Quiritium dominus, alius in bonis habere»<ref>Gaius, ''Institutiones'', II.40</ref>. == De dominio jure commune == [[Bartolus de Saxoferrato]] legem interpretans (Dig. 41.2.17.1) his verbis definivit: «dominium est ius de re corporali perfecte disponendi, nisi lege prohibeatur». == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Dominium intellectuale]] * [[Divitiae]] * [[Hereditas]] * [[Ius in rem]] * [[Relationes productionis]] * [[Servitus (ius)]] * [[Usus fructus]] * ''[[Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigentums und des Staats]]'' * ''[[La propriété, c'est le vol!]]'' == Nexus externi == * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/property/ De proprietate] apud paginam universitatis Staffordiensis {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://books.google.com/books?id=GNkqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA532&lpg=PA532&dq=dominium+proprietas+roman+law&source=bl&ots=v71-bBg1Xq&sig=pQJkAB1Tgr_M5SbUlXKbR6ACBKU&hl=en&ei=QSXZTM2wEITCsAOFlL3pBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=dominium%20proprietas%20roman%20law&f=false The history of Roman law: translated with the author's permission By Joseph-Louis-Elzéar Ortolan, Iltudus Thomas Prichard, David Nasmith, John Cutler, Butterworths, 1896 (Google Books)]{{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.marx-forum.de/marx-lexikon/lexikon_e/eigentum.html De proprietate] in Lexico [[Carolus Marx|Carolo Marx]] dicato {{Ling|Germanice}} * [http://www.tesionline.com/intl/pdfpublicview.jsp?url=../__PDF/6640/6640p.pdf Thesis:Il diritto di proprietà e il potere espropriativo dello Stato nella Costituzione e nel diritto vigente] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{Myrias|Societas}} [[Categoria:Hierarchia]] [[Categoria:Ius]] batytsipnq2j748xsv5hkkld0kbrccp 0 54192 3957381 3478521 2026-04-28T06:45:37Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957381 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Regnum Hannoveranum'''<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/a608058900schuuoft/a608058900schuuoft_djvu.txt Status dioecesium catholicarum in Austria germanica, Borussia, Bavaria, reliquis Germaniae terris sitarum (1866)]</ref> [[1814]] [[Consilium Vindobonense|Consilio Vindobonensi]] ex territoriis Ducatus [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoralis Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] constituta est. == Historia == === Quomodo constituta est === In [[Consilium Vindobonense|Consilio Vindobonensi]], Ducatus Electoralis Brunsvicum-Luneburgum a [[Napoleo]]ne anno [[1807]] dissoluta non modo iterum sub nomine regni Hannoverae restitutus est, sed etiam nonnullis pagis auctus est. [[Fasciculus:KrkHannover.png|thumb|Tabula regni Hannoverae]] === Regnum cum Britannia coniunctum (1814–1837) === Rex novi regni erat, ut ante 1807, rex [[Britannia]]e e familia [[Guelphi|Guelphorum]], h.e. ad usque [[1820]] [[Georgius III (rex Britanniarum)|Georgius III]], deinde ad [[1830]] [[Georgius IV (rex Britanniarum)|Georgius IV]], denique ad usque annum [[1837]] [[Gulielmus IV (rex Britanniarum)|Gulielmus IV]]. His annis, regnum a [[Londinium|Londinio]] rectum est, paene numquam rex in suo regno Germanico erat. Anno [[1819]], Hannovera constitutionem primam a rege Georgio III accepit; sub Gulielmo IV [[1833]], secunda constitutio liberalior promulgata est, ut parlamentum ab incolis electum de rebus politicis cum rege consuleret. Iisdem annis, agricolae liberati et fines telonariae abolita sunt, quo facto industria valde crescebat.<ref>Mijndert Bertram, ''Das Königreich Hannover,'' Hannovera [[2003]].</ref> === Ernestus Augustus et controversiae de constitutione (1837–1851) === Anno [[1837]], post mortem Gulielmi IV, regni uniti finis facta est, quod in Britannia [[Victoria (regina Britanniarum)|Victoria I]], sed in Hannovera [[Ernestus Augustus (rex Hannoverae)|Ernestus Augustus]] successit, nam hic feminis regnare non licuit. Ernestus Augustus homo pristinorum institutionum studiossimus erat, et iam anno 1833 se novam constitutionem non accepturum praedicaverat. Itaque statim, cum Hannoverae advenisset, hanc legem sustulit et constitutionem anni [[1819]] restituit. Contra hoc factum multi incolae, praesertim [[Septem Gottingenses]] frustra reclamaverunt. Anno [[1843]], sub eodem rege, [[ferrovia]] Hannoverae inchoata et sic sequentibus annis industria commeatus aucta est. Anno [[1848]], inter [[Res Novae Germanicae|Res Novas Germanicas]] etiam in regno Hannovera seditiones coeperunt, ut rex coageretur, ut leges liberales ferret. === Georgius V et finis regni (1851–1866) === Anno [[1851]], post mortem Ernesti Augusti, [[Georgius V (rex Hannoverae)|Georgius V]] successit, qui iterum ad institutiones pristinas redire voluit. Saepe rex, qui a pueritia caecus erat, administros regni permutabat. Ultimis annis apud [[Hannovera]]m urbem castellum novum "[[Castrum Mariae]]" (vulgo Marienburg) sibi et uxori Mariae reginae exstruxit.<ref>Ernestus Augustus princeps Hannoverae (editor): Schloss Marienburg. Schulenburg/Leine 2005</ref> [[Fasciculus:Pattensen Marienburg von Nordstemmen.jpg|thumb|Castrum Mariae]] Eo tempore, [[Borussia]] et [[Austria]] de principatu [[Confoederatio Germanica|Confoederationis Germanicae]] inter se certabant. Anno [[1866]], etiam bellum moverunt. Cetera regna Germanica huic aut illae parti favebant: Hannovera socius Austriae post victoriam Borussiae ab hoc regno occupata et adiecta est; Georgius rex autem in [[Austria]]m in exsilium ire coactus est. {{NexInt}} [[Hannovera]] (caput regni) == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.koenigreich-hannover.de/ De Regno Hannovera] * [http://www.welfen.de/ De familia regorum Hannoverae] * [http://www.schloss-marienburg.de/ De Castro Mariae]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hannoveranum Regnum}} [[Categoria:Antiquae civitates Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Condita 1814]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 1866]] kqbzau5mpq8dfkzabo49r3fxorbuz5q 0 54820 3957341 3470476 2026-04-27T22:48:54Z ~2026-25788-49 208611 addidi quod uxor cum alia femina et non solum alio homino coniuncta in matrimonio esse potet. cerno ut haec interprationem tempus presentium melius reflectit. 3957341 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Kustodiev Merchants Wife.jpg|thumb|''Uxor mercatoris'', tabula anno 1918 a [[Boris Kustodiev]] picta]] '''Uxor''', sive '''marita''', est [[consors]] muliebris in [[matrimonium|matrimonio]] cum alio homine sive aliae feminae coniuncta. Vocabulum communis generis est ''[[coniunx]]'' vel ''coniux'', quod autem in lingua antiqua saepius uxorem significabat. Coniunx virilis [[maritus]] appellatur. == Nexus externi == * [http://logeion.uchicago.edu/index.html#uxor De vocabulo ''uxore''] in lexico [[Lewis et Short]] {{stipula}} [[Categoria:Familia]] pbai58iz6bkjajsja9nzz150ymz3rwe 3957352 3957341 2026-04-28T01:26:40Z Grufo 64423 ‘homo’ non est mas tantum, femiinae quoque sunt homines 3957352 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Kustodiev Merchants Wife.jpg|thumb|''Uxor mercatoris'', tabula anno 1918 a [[Boris Kustodiev]] picta]] {{res|Uxor}}, sive {{res|marita}}, est [[consors]] muliebris in [[matrimonium|matrimonio]] cum alio homine (sive [[mas|mare]] sive [[femina (sexus)|feminā]]) coniuncta. Vocabulum communis generis est ''[[coniunx]]'' vel ''coniux'', quod autem in lingua antiqua saepius uxorem significabat. Coniunx virilis [[maritus]] appellatur. == Nexus externi == * [http://logeion.uchicago.edu/index.html#uxor De vocabulo ''uxore''] in lexico [[Lewis et Short]] {{stipula}} [[Categoria:Familia]] cvhqgt7e8h318h66rua56vmpmj6o1bb 0 58743 3957254 3724694 2026-04-27T14:15:52Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Pieve Fosciana-chiesa san giovanni battista-facciata.jpg|thumb|Plebs Fusciana]] '''Plebs Fusciana'''<ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref><ref name="comuni" /> vel '''Fuscanum Castrum'''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> (alia nomina: ''Villa Fusciana''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214934/http://eccolatoascana.myblog.it/2013/02/13/gallicano-lu-la-toponomastica-della-garfagnana/ eccolatoascana.myblog.it]</ref>, olim ''Plebs Sancti Cassiani ad Basilicam''<ref name="repetti">{{Repetti}}</ref>; etiam: ''Plebs Faustiana''<ref name="comuni">https://web.archive.org/web/20100908121642/http://www.comuni-italiani.it/</ref>) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pieve Fosciana|Pieve Fosciana]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 2&thinsp;450 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Tuscia]], in [[Provincia Lucensis|Provincia Lucensi]] ac in [[Forum Clodii|Foro Clodii]] situm. Incolae ''Plebarini'' vel ''Faustianenses'' appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> === Sententia === Sententia municipalis est: ''UNUM SUMUS''. == Geographia == * [[Forum Clodii]] (''terra''), == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Archidioecesis Lucensis]] == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == === Fractiones === Vici (fractiones) municipii sunt<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304214934/http://eccolatoascana.myblog.it/2013/02/13/gallicano-lu-la-toponomastica-della-garfagnana/ eccolatoascana.myblog.it]</ref>: * [[Bargenna]] vel [[Villa Bargicula]] (alia nomina: [[ad Barginne]]<ref name="repetti" /> [[Bergienne]]) ''Bargecchia'' * [[Caprarola (Plebs Fusciana)|Caprarola]] ''Capraia'', * [[Pons Causi]] vel [[Pons Colsi]] ''Pontecosi'', * [[Sericum (Plebs Fusciana)|Sericum]] vel [[Siricum]] ''Sillico'' * ''Pellizzana''. == Municipia finitima == * [[Camporgianum]], * [[Castillio Foroclodiensis]], * [[Castrum Novum Foroclodiense]], * [[Fuscandula]], * [[Plebs Pelagi]] ([[Provincia Mutinensis|MO]]), * [[Fanum Sancti Romani Foroclodiensis]], * [[Villa Colimundinga]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Tuscia]] (''regio''), * [[Provincia Lucensis]], * [[Forum Clodii]] (''terra''), * [[Luca]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.comune.pievefosciana.lu.it/ Situs Publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Pieve Fosciana|Plebem Fuscianam}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of Pieve Fosciana (province of Lucca, region Tuscany, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii Plebis Faustianae in Provincia Lucensi. Imago:Pieve 1.jpg|Ecclessia Sancti Iohannis Baptistae. Imago:Pieve Fosciana-piazza centro storico.jpg|Burgus. Imago:Pieve Fosciana-municipio.jpg|Domus municipalis. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Lucae]] [[Categoria:Municipia in Foro Clodii]] 1jgqf3w8usixo242dwgblv4wk0r7b19 0 60850 3957252 3570922 2026-04-27T13:52:52Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Planus (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Piancastagnaio panorama.jpg|thumb|Plani Castanearii prospectus]] '''Planus Castanearius'''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100908121642/http://www.comuni-italiani.it/</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref> (vel unus ''Planus''<ref>{{Repetti}}</ref>) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Piancastagnaio|Piancastagnaio]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 4&thinsp;190 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Tuscia]] ac in [[Provincia Senensis|Provincia Senensi]] situm. Incolae ''Planenses'' appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Geographia == * [[Mons Tunii]] vel [[Mons Tunia]] et [[Mons Tuniatus]], deinde [[Mons Ad Meata]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Monte Amiata|Monte Amiata]]''), == Clari cives == == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Dioecesis Pitilianensis-Soanensis-Urbetelliensis]] == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == === Fractiones === * ''Saragiolo''. == Municipia finitima == * [[Abbatia Sancti Salvatoris]], * [[Castellum Lazzarii]] ([[Provincia Grossetana|GR]]), * [[Procenum]] ([[Provincia Viterbiensis|VT]]), * [[Radicofanum]], * [[Balnea Clusina]], * [[Castrum Sanctae Florae]] ([[Provincia Grossetana|GR]]). {{NexInt}} * [[Tuscia]] (''regio''), * [[Provincia Senensis]], * [[Mons Tunii]] vel [[Mons Tunia]], * [[Sena Iulia]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.comune.piancastagnaio.si.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Piancastagnaio|Planum Castanearium}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of Piancastagnaio (province of Siena, region Tuscany, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Senensi. Imago:Piancastagnaio - Panorama 3.JPG|Despectus in oppidum. Imago:Piancastagnaio anbc2.JPG|Via in medio oppido. Imago:Piancastagnaio - Rocca aldobrandesca 4.JPG|Arx. Imago:Piancastagnaio - Pieve di Santa Maria Assunta, campanile.JPG|Plebs Assumptionis B. V. Mariae. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Senae Iuliae]] i7irba1yttbg0k1i1ez7s7zdtqsr68q 0 62179 3957342 3501748 2026-04-28T00:00:00Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Venetia (discretiva)}} {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Venice Lagoon December 9 2001.jpg|thumb|Photographia Satellitaris [[Lacuna Venetica|Lacunae Veneticae]]]] '''Provincia Veneta''' (seu ''Provincia Venetiarum'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Provincia di Venezia|Provincia di Venezia]]'') fuit [[Provincia Italiae|provincia]] [[Italia]]e usque ad diem [[15 Iunii]] [[2015]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Venetia (regio)|Venetia]] sita, cuius caput fuit urbs [[Venetiae|Venetiarum]] et cuius signum fuit '''VE'''. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Italian Province (Crown).svg|''[[Provincia Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Historia == Die [[15 Iunii]] [[2015]] provincia abrogata est; in locum eius successit '''[[Urbs metropolitana Veneta]]'''. == Municipia in Provincia Veneta == Municipia in Provincia Veneta, cum capite, '''44''' fuerunt. {{Div col|cols=3}} # '''[[Venetiae]]''' # [[Annonum (Venetia)|Annonnum]], # [[Campania (Venetia)|Campania]], # [[Camponogara]], # [[Campus Longus Maior]], # [[Caprulae]], # [[Castrum de Scorzadis]], # [[Cavarzere]], # [[Cegla]], # [[Cinthum (Urbs metropolitana Veneta)|Cinthum]], # [[Clodia Maior]], # [[Cona]], # [[Daulum (Venetia)|Daulum]], # [[Equilinum-Litus Trium Portuum]], # [[Equilium]], # [[Fanum Sanctae Mariae de Sala]], # [[Fanum Sancti Donati (Venetia)|Fanum Sancti Donati]], # [[Fanum Sancti Michaelis (Venetia)|Fanum Sancti Michaelis]], # [[Fanum Sancti Michaelis apud Quartum]], # [[Fanum Sancti Steni]], # [[Flexum (Venetia)|Flexum]], # [[Fossadum]], # [[Fovea Alta (Plavis)]], # [[Fovea Alta (Portus Gruarii)]], # [[Gruarius]], # [[Heraclia (Venetia)|Heraclia]], # [[Iulia Concordia]], # [[Marconium]], # [[Martellagum]], # [[Medulus]], # [[Miranum]], # [[Musile]], # [[Myra (Italia)|Myra]], # [[Novalis (Italia)|Novalis]], # [[Noventa (Urbs metropolitana Veneta)|Noventa]], # [[Pilianica]], # [[Portus Gruarius]], # [[Pratum Maius]], # [[Salzanum]], # [[Spinea]], # [[Strata (Italia)|Strata]], # [[Tileum]], # [[Turris de Musto]], # [[Vicus Novus (Urbs metropolitana Veneta)|Vicus Novus]]. {{Div col end}} === Fractiones praeclarae in Provincia Veneta === * [[Altinum]], * [[Mestria]], {{NexInt}} * [[Venetia (regio)|Venetiam]] (''regionem''), * [[Urbs metropolitana Veneta|Urbem metropolitanam Venetam]], * [[Venetiae|Venetias]] (''urbem''), * [[Provinciae Italiae abrogatae|Provincias Italiae abrogatas]], * [[Provinciae Italiae|Provincias Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190416170717/http://www.provincia.venezia.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Province of Venice|Provinciam Venetam}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of Metropolitan city of Venice (region Veneto, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Provinciae Venetae in Regione Venetia. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Provincia Veneta| ]] l878vw4k9vg71ay9s0vdwbgqk9pwo6j 0 73222 3957355 3910404 2026-04-28T01:33:57Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} [[Fasciculus:N110 ruuti.jpg|250px|thumb|Pulvis pyrius.]] {{res|Pulvis pyrius}}{{MLAL ref|gunpowder|493|.wpn gunpowder}}{{DAEL ref|pólvora|845}}{{Bacci ref|polvere|391|polvere – polveriera}}{{LLHL25 ref|Schwarzpulver|124}} vel {{res|pulvis fulminarius}}<ref name="mlal-gunpowder-493" /> vel {{res|pulvis incendiarius}}<ref name="mlal-gunpowder-493" /> vel {{res|pulvis tormentarius}} vel {{res|pulvis bombardicus}}<ref>Secundum Erasmum, "Paucis ante diebus in unam turrim earum quibus moenia ex intervallis muniuntur, delata fuerant aliquot vasa {{lectio|pulveris bombardici}}." - https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/erasmus/ep.shtml#17</ref> est mixtura trium [[chemia|chemicorum]], videlicet [[carbo]]nis, [[sulphur]]is, et [[salpetrae|salis petrae]], quae summa cum rapiditate flagrat, magnum [[gas]]ium volumen efficiens. Haec [[gas]]ia tam rapide expandunt ut, cum confiniuntur, eruptionem violentem creent. Adhibebatur in [[sclopetum|sclopetis]] (quapropter [[Anglice]] ''gunpowder,'' scilicet 'pulvis sclopeti' dicitur) ubi, eruptione temperata, gasia pulveris flagrantis [[glans (arma)|glandem plumbeam]] e tubo propellunt. Pulvis pyrius a [[Sinae (regio)|Sinensibus]] creatus creditur, et in [[Europa]] ab [[saeculum 13|saeculo tertio decimo]] notescebat postquam formula eius a [[Rogerius Baco|Rogerio Bacone]] descripta est. Formula chemica est KNO₃ + S + C == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Arma ignifera]] * [[Pyrotechnica]] ==Bibliographia== *Benton, James G. [[1862]]. ''Ordinance and Gunnery.'' Ed. 2a. West Point Novi Eboraci: Thomas Publications. ISBN 1577470796. *Brown, G. I. [[1998]]. ''The Big Bang: A History of Explosives.'' Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0750918780. *Buchanan, Brenda J., ed. [[2006]]. ''Gunpowder, Explosives and the State: A Technological History.'' Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN 0754652599. *Chase, Kenneth. [[2003]]. ''Firearms: A Global History to 1700.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521822742. *Cocroft, Wayne. [[2000]]. ''Dangerous Energy: The Archaeology of Gunpowder and Military Explosives Manufacture.'' Swindon: English Heritage. ISBN 1850747180. *Crosby, Alfred W. [[2002]]. ''Throwing Fire: Projectile Technology through History.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521791588. *Earl, Brian. [[1978]]. ''Cornish Explosives.'' The Trevithick Society. ISBN 0904040135. *al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. Gunpowder Composition for Rockets and Cannon in Arabic Military Treatises in Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries. In [https://web.archive.org/web/20080226105129/http://www.history-science-technology.com/Articles/articles%202.htm History of Science and Technology in Islam.] *Johnson, Norman Gardner. Explosive. In [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/198577/explosive ''Encyclopædia Britannica.''] Encyclopædia Britannica Online. *Kelly, Jack. [[2004]]. ''Gunpowder: Alchemy, Bombards, & Pyrotechnics: The History of the Explosive that Changed the World.'' Basic Books. ISBN 0465037186. *Khan, Iqtidar Alam. [[1996]]. Coming of Gunpowder to the Islamic World and North India: Spotlight on the Role of the Mongols. ''Journal of Asian History'' 30:41–45. *Khan, Iqtidar Alam. [[1996]]. The Role of the Mongols in the Introduction of Gunpowder and Firearms in South Asia. In ''Gunpowder: The History of an International Technology,'' ed. Brenda J. Buchanan, capitulum 3. Bath: Bath University Press. ISBN 0861971345. *Khan, Iqtidar Alam. [[2004]]. ''Gunpowder and Firearms: Warfare in Medieval India.'' Oxford University Press. *Needham, Joseph. [[1986]]. ''Science & Civilisation in China.'' The Gunpowder Epic, 7. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521303583. *Norris, John. [[2003]]. ''Early Gunpowder Artillery: 1300-1600.'' Marlborough:The Crowood Press. *Partington, James Riddick. [[1960]]. ''A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder.'' Cantabrigiae: W. Heffer & Sons. *Partington, James Riddick, et Bert S. Hall. [[1999]]. ''A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder.'' Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801859549. *Urbanski, Tadeusz. [[1967]]. ''Chemistry and Technology of Explosives.'' Novi Eboraci: Pergamon Press. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Gunpowder|pulverem pyrium}} {{Wiktionary|gunpowder|pulverem pyrium}} * [http://www.silk-road.com/artl/gun.shtml "Gun and Gunpowder,"] www.silk-road.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091023043409/http://geocities.com/Athens/2430/gporigins.html Originss pulveris pyrii,] www.webcitation.org * [http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/tech/cannon.htm "Cannons and Gunpowder,"] www.du.edu * [https://archive.today/20120802102720/http://www.gunpowderworks.co.uk/ "Oare Gunpowder Works, Kent, UK,"] www.gunpowderworks.co.uk * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090531102008/http://www.royalgunpowdermills.com/ Royal Gunpowder Mills,] www.royalgunpowdermills.com * [http://www.hagley.org/library/exhibits/brandywine/index.html "The DuPont Company on the Brandywine," exhibitio digitalis a Bibliotheca Hagley producta,] www.hagley.org<!--covers the founding and early history of the DuPont Company powder yards in Delaware--> * {{cite web |url=http://www.musketeer.ch/blackpowder/history.html |title=Ulrich Bretschler's Gunpowder Chemistry page}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110715074434/http://philipmcgaw.com/medieval-siege-society/gun-powder-demonstration/ "Video Demonstration"] pgilipmcgaw.com<!--of Medieval Siege Society's Guns, including showing ignition of gunpowder--> * [http://www.musketeer.ch/blackpowder/recipe.html "Black Powder Recipes,"] www.musketeer.ch [[Categoria:Arma ignifera]] [[Categoria:Chemia]] [[Categoria:Inventiones Sinarum]] [[Categoria:Pyrotechnica]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Technologia}} 9516kcak0wrpyskcxnq09b3yrsv04nd 0 76151 3957296 3836011 2026-04-27T18:05:29Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3957296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Nicolaus Myrepsus ed. Fuchsius 1549 tp.jpg|thumb|Titulus editionis 1549]] '''''Antidotarium''''' sive ''Dynameron'' est opus a [[Nicolaus Myrepsus|Nicolao Myrepso]] [[Graece]] [[saeculum 13|saeculo XIII]] scriptum, in libros 48 divisum, praecepta medicamentorum fere 2&nbsp;500 comprehendens. Aevo litterarum renatarum [[Latine]] a [[Leonhartus Fuchsius|Leonharto Fuchsio]] versum, usque ad annum [[1651]] in schola medica [[Universitas Parisiensis|Parisiensi]] adhibitum est. Versiones [[Francogallice|Francogallicae]] insuper exstant. == Bibliographia == ; Editiones et versiones * ''Nicolai Myrepsi Alexandrini medicamentorum opus ... a Leonharto Fuchsio medico ... recens conversum''. Basileae: apud Io. Oporinum, 1549 {{Google Books|EN5aAAAAcAAJ}} * Paul Dorveaux, ed., ''L'antidotaire Nicolas. Deux traductions françaises de l'Antidotarium Nicolai, l'une du XIVè siècle suivie de quelques recettes de la même époque et d'un glossaire; l'autre du XVè siècle incomplète; publiées d'après les manuscrits français 25327 et 14827 de la Bibliothèque nationale''. Lutetiae: H. Welter, 1896 [http://web2.bium.univ-paris5.fr/livanc/?cote=63370&do=chapitre Textus] * Ilias Valiakos, ed., ''Nikolaos Myrepsos' "Dynameron": Kritische Edition''. Heidelbergae: Propylaeum, 2020; [https://books.ub.uni-heidelberg.de//propylaeum/catalog/book/657 Editio interretialis] ; Eruditio * Robert Benoit, "[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/hes_0752-5702_1995_num_14_1_1759 Conceptions médicales à l'Université de Paris d'après les cours de Jean Riolan à la fin du XVIe siècle]" in ''Histoire, économie et société'' vol. 14 (1995) pp. 25-50 * Alfons Lutz, "Das Dynameron des sog. Nikolaos Myrepsis und das Antidotarium Nicolai" in ''Veröffentlichungen der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Pharmazie'' n.s. vol. 21 (1961) pp. 57–73 {{NexInt}} * [[Libri de medicamentis medio aevo scripti]] == Nexus externi == * Enrico V. Maltese, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080309012426/http://www.sslmit.univ.trieste.it/crevatin/Daris.htm Postille critico-testuali al Dynameron di Elio Promote Alessandrino] [[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]] [[Categoria:Anatoliae scripta]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae mediaevales]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latine versae]] 3ow3x5arb06kplt6tsk9w4newtl0ixy 0 80327 3957407 3323349 2026-04-28T11:23:45Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Robertus Runcie''' (natus [[Liverpolium|Liverpolii]] die [[2 Octobris]] [[1921]]; mortuus die [[1 Iulii]] [[2000]]) fuit ab anno [[1980]] usque ad annum [[1991]] [[archiepiscopus Cantuariensis]]. == Bibliographia == *Carpenter, Humphrey. ''Robert Runcie: the reluctant archbishop''. Londinii: Hodder and Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-57107-1. == Nexus externus == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080801212615/http://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/1239 De Roberto Runcie apud paginas interretialis archiepiscopatus] {{bio-stipula}} {{Archiepiscopi Cantuarienses}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Runcie, Robertus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1921]] [[Categoria:Mortui 2000]] [[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Cantuarienses]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Anglicae]] 3gnnui85ln1d3q0ph4p0q2mo7e7rxf5 0 82618 3957285 3889811 2026-04-27T16:14:02Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Pomacanthus semicirculatus'' | image = Pomacanthus semicirculatus 1.jpg | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Actinopterygii]] | ordo = [[Perciformes]] | familia = [[Pomacanthidae]] | genus = ''[[Pomacanthus]]'' | species = '''''P. semicirculatus''''' | binomial = ''Pomacanthus semicirculatus'' | binomial_authority = (Cuvier, [[1831]]) }} '''''Pomacanthus semicirculatus''''' est [[oceanus|marinus]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Pomacanthidae|Pomacanthidarum]] [[piscis]]. In [[oceanus|oceanis]] [[Oceanus Indicus|Indico]] [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacificoque]] [[habitatio|habitat]], ubi ad 40 [[centimetrum|centimetra]] longus crescit. Ferus ad 40 cm longus crescit. Principalis adulti [[color]] est [[olivaceus]], lineis maculisque [[caeruleus|caeruleis]] signatus, [[facies|facie]] fusca et [[flavus|flava]] diluta. Iuvenis est atrolazulinus, lineis [[albus|albis]] caeruleisque dilutis. ''P. semicirculatus'' in [[Mare Rubrum|Mari Rubri]], [[Oceanus Indicus|Oceano Indico]] ante litora [[Africa Australis|Africae Australis]] [[Africa Orientalis|Orientalisque]], et in [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceano Pacifico]] occidentali ab [[Okinava]] ad [[Nova Caledonia|Novam Caledoniam]] habitat, plerumque in scopulis [[curalium|curalii]] [[aqua]]rum minus quam 25 m altarum. [[Alga|Algis]] vescitur. <!-- Koran-Kaiserfische leben paarweise. Sie sind sehr scheu. Ihre Reviere sind sehr groß, 1000 m² und mehr. Ringkaiserfische ernähren sich von Schwämmen, anderen bodenbewohnenden Wirbellosen und gelegentlich von Algen.--> In [[commercium|commercio]] [[aquarium|aquariorum]] domesticorum interdum invenitur. ==Fontes== *Allen, Gerald R. [[1979]]. ''Falter- und Kaiserfische.'' Vol. 2. Mergus Verlag. ISBN 3-88244-002-3. *Baensch & Patzner. N.d. ''Mergus Meerwasser-Atlas.'' Vol. 6. Melle: Mergus-Verlag. ISBN 3-88244-116-X. ==Nexus externi== {{Fontes biologici}} {{CommuniaCat|Pomacanthus semicirculatus|''Pomacanthum semicirculatum''}} {{Vicispecies|Pomacanthus semicirculatus|''Pomacanthum semicirculatum''}} * [http://filaman.ifm-geomar.de/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=5663 ''Pomacanthum semicirculatum'']{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud situm filaman.ifm-geomar.de (Fishbase) * [http://www.meerwasser-lexikon.de/de/19/321/Pomacanthus/semicirculatus.htm ''Pomacanthum semicirculatum''] apud situm meerwasser-lexikon.de * [http://www.seewasserlexikon.de/fische/kaiserfische/pomacanthus_semicirculatus.htm ''Pomacanthum semicirculatum'']{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud situm seewasserlexikon.de {{perciformes-stipula}} [[Categoria:Pisces Oceani Indici]] [[Categoria:Pisces Oceani Pacifici]] [[Categoria:Pisces tropici]] [[Categoria:Pomacanthidae]] [[Categoria:Species animalium]] [[Categoria:Taxa Cuvier]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1831]] 6gctek1vw155tlc6mmqnjhl5lx4jsvy 0 91022 3957411 3725866 2026-04-28T11:46:39Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957411 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Bob Russell MP at Bournemouth.jpg |thumb|Robertus Russell]] ''' Robertus Russell''' ([[Londinium|Londinii]] natus die [[31 Martii]] [[1946]]) est rerum politicarum peritus [[regnum Unitum|Britannicus]] factionis [[Factio Liberalis Democratica (Britanniarum Regnum)|Liberalis Democraticae]], qui inter alia a die [[1 Maii]] [[1997]] legatus apud [[Parlamentum Britannicum]] est accurate munere populi ''Colchester'' fungitur. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.bobrussell.org.uk/ Roberti Russell pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090131143411/http://www.libdems.org.uk/people/bob-russell Brevis biographia] apud Factionis Liberalis Democraticae paginas interretiales * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080513133034/http://www.epolitix.com/EN/MPWebsites/Bob+Russell/ ePolitix.com - De Roberto Russell MP] {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1946||Russell, Robertus }} [[Categoria:Legati Parlamento Britannico]] h1mnshpvk78pzdhxds0yyq33rioayhc 0 97805 3957306 3708794 2026-04-27T19:47:09Z StannileiusIohnsonius 208506 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 3957306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Universitas Duacensis''' sive frequentius nuncupata '''Academia Duacensis''', ([[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]]: ''[[:fr:Université de Douai|Université de Douai]]'') est vetus universitas studiorum abolita anno 1795 [[Duacum|Duaci]] in Francogallia sita. ==Brevis conspectus historicus== Vetus Universitas studiorom Duacensis condita est paulo postquam comitatus Flandriae factus est pars Imperii tunc temporis sub dicione Hispanorum. Confirmata est bullâ papali anno 1559 data et ianuas suas prima vice aperuit studentibus anno 1562. Ab initio quinque [[Facultas (studium)|Facultates]] habuit. Anno 1688, [[Ludovicus XIV|Ludovico XIV]] victore, denuo sub dicionem Francogallorum commissa est. Numerabantur octo collegia, duodeviginti Refugia abbatiarum, viginti duo seminaria, quae omnia pro sua virili parte sive artibus, theologiae, ambobus iuribus, medicinae dicabantur. Fama Universitatis Duacensis rapide crevit et ad se valuit attrahere multos optimos professores nec non studentes natione Francogallos, Belgas, Anglos, Scotos, Hibernos. Anno 1744, Academia Duacensis, quae docebat tunc 1705 alumnos, secundum locum inter universitates tenebat in regno. ==Vetus descriptio topographica cum nominibus variorum collegiorum Academiae Duacensis== Amplissimae urbis et florentissimae universitatis duacensis in [[Belgica]] topographica descriptio<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110608152708/http://www.ville-douai.fr/site_acces.asp?IdPage=14044&ccf= Amplissimae urbis et florentissimae universitatis duacensis in Belgica topographica descriptio, M. Le Bourgeois, 1627]</ref> : * [[schola]] publica universitatis * collegium regium * collegium ordinis praedicatorum * collegium aquicinctinum * collegium anglorum * collegium vedastinum * collegium mottanum * seminarium henninianum * seminarium provinciale episcoporum * seminarium S. Andreae * seminarium moulartianum. {{NexInt}} * [[Universitas Insulensis]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Université Lille Nord de France|Universitas Insulensis}} [[Categoria:Universitas Duacensis]] [[Categoria:Duacum]] ldggdmbbhrwf37nc895pp0masllshu7 3957330 3957306 2026-04-27T22:16:05Z IacobusAmor 1163 Nexus "Francogallice" iam adest. 3957330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Universitas Duacensis''' sive frequentius '''Academia Duacensis''' nuncupata ([[Francogallice]] ''Université de Douai'') est vetus universitas studiorum abolita anno 1795 [[Duacum|Duaci]] in Francogallia sita. ==Brevis conspectus historicus== Vetus universitas studiorom Duacensis condita est paulo postquam comitatus Flandriae factus est pars Imperii tunc temporis sub dicione Hispanorum. Confirmata est bullâ papali anno 1559 data et ianuas suas prima vice aperuit studentibus anno 1562. Ab initio quinque [[Facultas (studium)|ordines professorum]] habuit. Anno 1688, [[Ludovicus XIV|Ludovico XIV]] victore, denuo sub dicionem Francogallorum commissa est. Numerabantur octo collegia, duodeviginti Refugia abbatiarum, viginti duo seminaria, quae omnia pro sua virili parte sive artibus, theologiae, ambobus iuribus, medicinae dicabantur. Fama Universitatis Duacensis rapide crevit et ad se valuit attrahere multos optimos professores nec non studentes natione Francogallos, Belgas, Anglos, Scotos, Hibernos. Anno 1744, Academia Duacensis, quae docebat tunc 1705 alumnos, secundum locum inter universitates tenebat in regno. ==Vetus descriptio topographica cum nominibus variorum collegiorum Academiae Duacensis== Amplissimae urbis et florentissimae universitatis duacensis in [[Belgica]] topographica descriptio<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110608152708/http://www.ville-douai.fr/site_acces.asp?IdPage=14044&ccf= Amplissimae urbis et florentissimae universitatis duacensis in Belgica topographica descriptio, M. Le Bourgeois, 1627]</ref> : * [[schola]] publica universitatis * collegium regium * collegium ordinis praedicatorum * collegium aquicinctinum * collegium anglorum * collegium vedastinum * collegium mottanum * seminarium henninianum * seminarium provinciale episcoporum * seminarium S. Andreae * seminarium moulartianum. {{NexInt}} * [[Universitas Insulensis]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Université Lille Nord de France|Universitas Insulensis}} [[Categoria:Universitas Duacensis]] [[Categoria:Duacum]] 4eujsys6tpwpfwr7du0tzl666izz8vv 0 114953 3957318 3800131 2026-04-27T20:32:58Z StannileiusIohnsonius 208506 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:1|2|0 */ 3957318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:BL Harleian 585 f 130r Lacnunga incipit.jpg|thumb|''Lacnunga'': incipit ([[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Harleianus 585 f. 130r)]] '''''Lacnunga''''' est congeries praeceptorum magicorum et de medicamentis [[lingua Anglosaxonica|Anglosaxonica]], nobis in volumine [[Manuscriptum|manuscripto]] saeculo X vel XI facto servata, cuius siglum est '''[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Harleianus 585'''. == Editiones == * Oswald Cockayne, ed. et interpr., ''Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England; being a collection of documents, for the most part never before printed, illustrating the history of science in this country before the Norman Conquest'' (3 voll. Londinii, 1864-1866. ''[[Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores]]'', 35) vol. 3. Editio imperfecta [https://archive.org/details/leechdomswortcun03cock Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k50239k apud Gallica] * Grattan, J. H. C. et C. Singer. 1952. ''Anglo-Saxon Magic and Medicine Illustrated Specially from the Semi-Pagan Text "Lacnunga"'', Publications of the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum, new series 3 (Londinii: Oxford University Press). Editio imperfecta * Herren, M. W. 1987. ''The Hisperica Famina: II. Related Poems: A Critical Edition with English Translation and Philological Commentary'' (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies). Editio imperfecta *Pettit, Edward. 2001. ''Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms, and Prayers from British Library MS Harley 585: The "Lacnunga"'', 2 voll. (Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080906092530/http://www.yggdrasill.plus.com/html/lacnunga.html Supplementa interretialia] *Pollington, S. 2000. ''Leechcraft: Early English Charms, Plantlore, and Healing'' (Hockwold-cum-Wilton, Norfolk: Anglo-Saxon Books). Editio imperfecta == Bibliographia == * Cameron, M. L., ''Anglo-Saxon Medicine'', Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 7, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993 * Meaney, A. L. 'Variant Versions of Old English Medical Remedies and the Compilation of Bald's ''Leechbook'', ''Anglo-Saxon England'' 13 (1984) pp.&nbsp;235–68. * Payne, J. F., ''English Medicine in Anglo-Saxon Times'', Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1904. {{NexInt}} * ''[[Medicinale Anglicum]]'' * [[Libri de medicamentis medio aevo scripti]] == Nexus externi == * [[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Harleianus 585: [https://archive.is/20140812001115/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Harley_MS_585 catalogus et series imaginum] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglosaxonicae]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 11]] [[Categoria:Angliae scripta]] [[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]] [[Categoria:Libri magici]] tertvo8i2ihdlesm9qsq6l5ce3m0rq5 3957320 3957318 2026-04-27T20:47:08Z StannileiusIohnsonius 208506 Verbum ex forma Anglica ad Latina in genitvum locativum mutavi. 3957320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:BL Harleian 585 f 130r Lacnunga incipit.jpg|thumb|''Lacnunga'': incipit ([[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Harleianus 585 f. 130r)]] '''''Lacnunga''''' est congeries praeceptorum magicorum et de medicamentis [[lingua Anglosaxonica|Anglosaxonica]], nobis in volumine [[Manuscriptum|manuscripto]] saeculo X vel XI facto servata, cuius siglum est '''[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Harleianus 585'''. == Editiones == * Oswald Cockayne, ed. et interpr., ''Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England; being a collection of documents, for the most part never before printed, illustrating the history of science in this country before the Norman Conquest'' (3 voll. Londinii, 1864-1866. ''[[Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores]]'', 35) vol. 3. Editio imperfecta [https://archive.org/details/leechdomswortcun03cock Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k50239k apud Gallica] * Grattan, J. H. C. et C. Singer. 1952. ''Anglo-Saxon Magic and Medicine Illustrated Specially from the Semi-Pagan Text "Lacnunga"'', Publications of the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum, new series 3 (Londinii: Oxford University Press). Editio imperfecta * Herren, M. W. 1987. ''The Hisperica Famina: II. Related Poems: A Critical Edition with English Translation and Philological Commentary'' (Torontonis: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies). Editio imperfecta *Pettit, Edward. 2001. ''Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms, and Prayers from British Library MS Harley 585: The "Lacnunga"'', 2 voll. (Lewistonii: Edwin Mellen Press) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080906092530/http://www.yggdrasill.plus.com/html/lacnunga.html Supplementa interretialia] *Pollington, S. 2000. ''Leechcraft: Early English Charms, Plantlore, and Healing'' (Hockwold-cum-Wilton, Norfolciae: Anglo-Saxon Books). Editio imperfecta == Bibliographia == * Cameron, M. L., ''Anglo-Saxon Medicine'', Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 7, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993 * Meaney, A. L. 'Variant Versions of Old English Medical Remedies and the Compilation of Bald's ''Leechbook'', ''Anglo-Saxon England'' 13 (1984) pp.&nbsp;235–68. * Payne, J. F., ''English Medicine in Anglo-Saxon Times'', Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1904. {{NexInt}} * ''[[Medicinale Anglicum]]'' * [[Libri de medicamentis medio aevo scripti]] == Nexus externi == * [[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Harleianus 585: [https://archive.is/20140812001115/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Harley_MS_585 catalogus et series imaginum] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglosaxonicae]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 11]] [[Categoria:Angliae scripta]] [[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]] [[Categoria:Libri magici]] gywtc2p2v9di4hquqy0er8gb5noibyk 3957325 3957320 2026-04-27T21:45:04Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Torontum --> Toronti 3957325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:BL Harleian 585 f 130r Lacnunga incipit.jpg|thumb|''Lacnunga'': incipit ([[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Harleianus 585 f. 130r)]] '''''Lacnunga''''' est congeries praeceptorum magicorum et de medicamentis [[lingua Anglosaxonica|Anglosaxonica]], nobis in volumine [[Manuscriptum|manuscripto]] saeculo X vel XI facto servata, cuius siglum est '''[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Harleianus 585'''. == Editiones == * Oswald Cockayne, ed. et interpr., ''Leechdoms, Wortcunning, and Starcraft of Early England; being a collection of documents, for the most part never before printed, illustrating the history of science in this country before the Norman Conquest'' (3 voll. Londinii, 1864-1866. ''[[Rerum Britannicarum medii aevi scriptores]]'', 35) vol. 3. Editio imperfecta [https://archive.org/details/leechdomswortcun03cock Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k50239k apud Gallica] * Grattan, J. H. C. et C. Singer. 1952. ''Anglo-Saxon Magic and Medicine Illustrated Specially from the Semi-Pagan Text "Lacnunga"'', Publications of the Wellcome Historical Medical Museum, new series 3 (Londinii: Oxford University Press). Editio imperfecta * Herren, M. W. 1987. ''The Hisperica Famina: II. Related Poems: A Critical Edition with English Translation and Philological Commentary'' (Toronti: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies). Editio imperfecta *Pettit, Edward. 2001. ''Anglo-Saxon Remedies, Charms, and Prayers from British Library MS Harley 585: The "Lacnunga"'', 2 voll. (Lewistonii: Edwin Mellen Press) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080906092530/http://www.yggdrasill.plus.com/html/lacnunga.html Supplementa interretialia] *Pollington, S. 2000. ''Leechcraft: Early English Charms, Plantlore, and Healing'' (Hockwold-cum-Wilton, Norfolciae: Anglo-Saxon Books). Editio imperfecta == Bibliographia == * Cameron, M. L., ''Anglo-Saxon Medicine'', Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England 7, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993 * Meaney, A. L. 'Variant Versions of Old English Medical Remedies and the Compilation of Bald's ''Leechbook'', ''Anglo-Saxon England'' 13 (1984) pp.&nbsp;235–68. * Payne, J. F., ''English Medicine in Anglo-Saxon Times'', Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1904. {{NexInt}} * ''[[Medicinale Anglicum]]'' * [[Libri de medicamentis medio aevo scripti]] == Nexus externi == * [[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Harleianus 585: [https://archive.is/20140812001115/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Harley_MS_585 catalogus et series imaginum] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglosaxonicae]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 11]] [[Categoria:Angliae scripta]] [[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]] [[Categoria:Libri magici]] c1nz0pl1zii038llzb7ibv3pjalzild 0 117654 3957245 3957221 2026-04-27T12:20:18Z IacobusAmor 1163 3957245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Mary Steenburgen in 2008.jpg|thumb|left|Maria Steenburgen (anno [[2008]]).]] '''Maria Steenburgen''' (nata ''Mary Nell Steenburgen'' {{Creanda|en|Newport, Arkansas|Portus Novus (Arcansia)|Portu Novo}} in [[Arcansia]] die [[8 Februarii]] [[1953]]) est [[actrix]], [[comoeda]], [[cantrix]], et {{Creanda|en|Songwriter|compositrix carminum}} [[Civitates Foederatae|Americana]]. == Pelliculae selectae == * [[1982]] - ''[[A Midsummer Night's Sex Comedy]]'' * [[2009]] - ''[[Did You Hear About the Morgans?]]'' == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Mary Steenburgen|Mariam Steenburgen}} * {{Imdb name|0005460|Maria Steenburgen}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1953||Steenburgen, Maria}} [[Categoria:Actores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Cantores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Comoedi]]<!-- Civitatum Foederatarum--> [[Categoria:Compositores carminum]]<!-- Civitatum Foederatarum--> [[Categoria:Incolae Arcansiae]] q1dpsngxwjme664iu0gzoiaijmmd6td 0 121283 3957246 3957173 2026-04-27T12:21:32Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3957246 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Chateau a Heidwiller.jpg|thumb|250 px|Heidwiller: [[castellum]]]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68127.png|thumb|left|250px|Heidwiller: communis tabula]] ''' Heidwiller''' ([[Germanice]] '''Heidweiler''') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 598 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno [[2021]] [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]], post autem diem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' appellata. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Heidwiller|Heidwiller}} * {{INSEE commune|68127|de=Heidwiller}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=16891 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] bxs1nq15vsifpig2oxq0cabj0gy7ab3 3957247 3957246 2026-04-27T12:22:43Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3957247 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Chateau a Heidwiller.jpg|thumb|250 px|Heidwiller: [[castellum]]]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68127.png|thumb|left|250px|Heidwiller: communis tabula]] ''' Heidwiller''' ([[Germanice]] '''Heidweiler''') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 641 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno [[2021]] [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]], post autem diem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' appellata. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Heidwiller|Heidwiller}} * {{INSEE commune|68127|de=Heidwiller}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=16891 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] ck4c2g6bit1smf3ej2ckwpcld3qp1jc 0 121457 3957272 3627676 2026-04-27T15:52:46Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3957272 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Jungholtz 150.JPG|thumb|250 px|Jungholtz: despectus in vicum]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68159.png|250 px|left|thumb|Jungholtz: communis tabula]] ''' Jungholtz''' ([[Germanice]] '''Jungholz''') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 913 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Jungholtz|Jungholtz}} * {{INSEE commune|68159|de=Jungholtz}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=18033 De hoc communi apud cassini.ehess.fr] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] ltxafwtdgituqk26gf8zgdxqwvta0q5 0 121802 3957267 3915188 2026-04-27T15:42:43Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3957267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in arrondissement Thann-Guebwiller. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 7e6ijwcpv1xb26zclsdjzzc2mc8tjvt 3957268 3957267 2026-04-27T15:44:02Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Administratio */ 3957268 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] o1pw3d70ngbfh7lpd2sk1ms0phhaseg 3957270 3957268 2026-04-27T15:50:34Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3957270 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cuius caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 2oheonxu0oxy9ewx377b8u4vr8dyekq 3957271 3957270 2026-04-27T15:52:21Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Administratio */ 3957271 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cuius caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt (inter eas sunt [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]). {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 341itkhdycwz4q8sj872zan32e9b0mb 3957275 3957271 2026-04-27T15:56:24Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Historia */ 3957275 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cuius caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. In regestis [[Paroecia (regio administrationis)|parochialibus]] incolae 'Sultzenses' appellantur. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt (inter eas sunt [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]). {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 3drtzvpqv9pei8tq9stwvdlx3unurik 3957278 3957275 2026-04-27T15:57:25Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Historia */ 3957278 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cuius caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. In regestis [[Paroecia|parochialibus]] incolae 'Sultzenses' appellantur. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt (inter eas sunt [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]). {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 1omuqow2q5lz6hqjst5hupms7p9cnmo 3957280 3957278 2026-04-27T16:07:17Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Administratio */ 3957280 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cuius caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. In regestis [[Paroecia|parochialibus]] incolae 'Sultzenses' appellantur. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt (inter eas sunt [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]). == Plura legere si cupis == *Augustus Gasser, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57858481/f8.item L'église et la paroisse de Soultz (Haute-Alsace)]'', [[Colmaria|Colmariae,]] H. Huffel, 1905 {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] e9pqkn17j7emmomgx8r2gdqzder9inr 3957282 3957280 2026-04-27T16:08:47Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3957282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'', Latine duodecimo saeculo ''parochia Sulsa''<ref>A. Gasser (1905) p.6.</ref>) est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cuius caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. In regestis [[Paroecia|parochialibus]] incolae 'Sultzenses' appellantur. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt (inter eas sunt [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]). == Plura legere si cupis == *Augustus Gasser, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57858481/f8.item L'église et la paroisse de Soultz (Haute-Alsace)]'', [[Colmaria|Colmariae,]] H. Huffel, 1905 {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] tk93966b1ov8mhl6gmw0awoew1wvfx8 3957283 3957282 2026-04-27T16:09:31Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Administratio */ 3957283 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'', Latine duodecimo saeculo ''parochia Sulsa''<ref>A. Gasser (1905) p.6.</ref>) est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cuius caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. In regestis [[Paroecia|parochialibus]] incolae 'Sultzenses' appellantur. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt (inter eas sunt [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]). == Notae == <references == Plura legere si cupis == *Augustus Gasser, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57858481/f8.item L'église et la paroisse de Soultz (Haute-Alsace)]'', [[Colmaria|Colmariae,]] H. Huffel, 1905 {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] d4wfp8y8cuaik4qr2av99yt5ezanarl 3957284 3957283 2026-04-27T16:13:30Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Notae */ 3957284 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'', Latine duodecimo saeculo ''parochia Sulsa''<ref>A. Gasser (1905) p.6.</ref>) est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cuius caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. In regestis [[Paroecia|parochialibus]] incolae 'Sultzenses' appellantur. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt (inter eas sunt [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]). == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Augustus Gasser, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57858481/f8.item L'église et la paroisse de Soultz (Haute-Alsace)]'', [[Colmaria|Colmariae,]] H. Huffel, 1905 {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] oxo8pky8pmo79ka9glr3t0vp6h9vn8n 3957286 3957284 2026-04-27T16:14:06Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3957286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'', Latine duodecimo saeculo: ''villa et parochia Sulsa''<ref>A. Gasser (1905) p.6.</ref>) est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cuius caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. In regestis [[Paroecia|parochialibus]] incolae 'Sultzenses' appellantur. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt (inter eas sunt [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]). == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Augustus Gasser, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57858481/f8.item L'église et la paroisse de Soultz (Haute-Alsace)]'', [[Colmaria|Colmariae,]] H. Huffel, 1905 {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 2s5worfxzma6yles4xgbgf4j36o9qa9 3957287 3957286 2026-04-27T16:16:38Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Historia */ 3957287 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'', Latine duodecimo saeculo: ''villa et parochia Sulsa''<ref>A. Gasser (1905) p.6.</ref>) est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Sults Statt.jpg|thumb|Sultz in ''Topographia Alsatiae'' (saec.17)]] Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cuius caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. In regestis [[Paroecia|parochialibus]] incolae 'Sultzenses' appellantur. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt (inter eas sunt [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]). == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Augustus Gasser, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57858481/f8.item L'église et la paroisse de Soultz (Haute-Alsace)]'', [[Colmaria|Colmariae,]] H. Huffel, 1905 {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 5t3kn0bp1wb7osf4hd24f0wzcrfk5sn 3957288 3957287 2026-04-27T16:18:12Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3957288 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'', Latine duodecimo saeculo: ''villa et parochia Sulsa''<ref>A. Gasser (1905) p.6.</ref>) est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Sults Statt.jpg|thumb|Sultz in ''Topographia Alsatiae'' (saec.17)]] Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cuius caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. In regestis [[Paroecia|parochialibus]] incolae 'Sultzenses' appellantur. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt (inter eas sunt [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]). == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Ruisseau le Rimbach, vu du vieux pont.jpg|thumb|Rivus Rimbach urbem transfluit.]] *Augustus Gasser, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57858481/f8.item L'église et la paroisse de Soultz (Haute-Alsace)]'', [[Colmaria|Colmariae,]] H. Huffel, 1905 {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 2tp7slr3n2h23yqd0v91b7mhri1i7i7 3957290 3957288 2026-04-27T16:19:16Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Historia */ 3957290 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'', Latine duodecimo saeculo: ''villa et parochia Sulsa''<ref>A. Gasser (1905) p.6.</ref>) est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Sults Statt.jpg|thumb|Sultz in ''Topographia Alsatiae'' (saec.17). In loco A notato sunt balinea.]] Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cuius caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. In regestis [[Paroecia|parochialibus]] incolae 'Sultzenses' appellantur. == Administratio == Sultz est caput [[canto|cantonis]] in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt (inter eas sunt [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]). == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Ruisseau le Rimbach, vu du vieux pont.jpg|thumb|Rivus Rimbach urbem transfluit.]] *Augustus Gasser, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57858481/f8.item L'église et la paroisse de Soultz (Haute-Alsace)]'', [[Colmaria|Colmariae,]] H. Huffel, 1905 {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://www.soultz68.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] j14oqr708j2w6adk7ql7mig5kmf616x 0 121942 3957273 3628571 2026-04-27T15:53:30Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3957273 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2010 10 01 Wuenheim.JPG|thumb|250 px|Wuenheim: despectus in vicum]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68381.png|250 px|left|thumb|Wuenheim: communis tabula]] '''Wuenheim''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 783 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno [[2021]] [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]], post autem diem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' appellata. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Wuenheim|Wuenheim}} * [http://wuenheim.free.fr/ Wuenheim pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68381|de=Wuenheim}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=41349 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 2arumxgueaikvy0ab4vgey9sbph7tqu 0 122704 3957382 2798733 2026-04-28T06:55:12Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957382 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Regula duodecimarum'''<!--scil. partium--><ref>[http://www.diy-wood-boat.com/Rule_of_twelfths.html De regule apud www.diy-wood-boat.com.]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> est [[regula pollicis]]{{Dubsig}} ad aestimandam [[aestus]] [[altitudo|altitudinem]] quolibet tempore, solum tempore et [[aqua]]e altae humilisque altitudine datá.<ref>David R. Getchell, ''The Outboard Boater's Handbook: Advanced Seamanship and Practical Skills'' (International Marine, ISBN 9780070230538), 195.</ref> Haec regula multum ad [[navigatio|navigandas]] [[navicula]]s<!--boats--> [[navis|navesque]] in aqua humili et ad deducendas recuperandasque eas in [[via subducta|viis subductis]]{{dubsig}}<!--Anglice: slipways--> in [[litus|litore]] aestuario valet.<!--PL:US IN EN:--> ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> {{stipula}} [[Categoria:Aestus]] [[Categoria:Mathematica]] [[Categoria:Mensura]] 1d2hf8hymn7hhhndxzvotedn8iwwu0y 0 126010 3957258 3450770 2026-04-27T15:03:26Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Blason de la ville de Plélo (Côtes-d'Armor).svg|thumb|200 px|Plélo:vexillum]] ''' Plélo''' ([[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonice]] ''' ''', [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] ''' Pleuloc'h ''') est commune 3169 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Litora ad Mare|Litorum ad Mare]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Plélo|Plélo}} * [http://www.plelo.fr/ Plélo pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]] 5ifwm7g40z9icnq20poz8scr8d0wbtr 0 126109 3957255 3846475 2026-04-27T14:29:00Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957255 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Blason ville FR Pleudihen sur Rance (Côtes d'Armor).svg|thumb|200 px|Pleudihen-sur-Rance:vexillum]] ''' Pleudihen-sur-Rance''' ([[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonice]] ''' ''', [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] ''' Pleudehen''') est commune 3025 incolarum (anno [[2021]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Litora ad Mare|Litorum ad Mare]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pleudihen-sur-Rance|Pleudihen-sur-Rance}} * [http://www.pleudihen.fr/ Pleudihen-sur-Rance pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]] frsz65h4d69lr3khd6t2u03m08nmtk5 0 126196 3957256 3450757 2026-04-27T14:50:52Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957256 wikitext text/x-wiki ''' Pluduno''' ([[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonice]] ''' ''', [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] '''Pludunoù''') est commune 1911 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Litora ad Mare|Litorum ad Mare]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pluduno|Pluduno}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200517053119/http://pluduno.fr/ Pluduno pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Litorum ad Mare]] kqxjepi2q0yrd8ceqhctry89i9omwmx 0 126952 3957257 3451657 2026-04-27T14:54:33Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957257 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Blason Plumelin.svg|thumb|200 px|Plumelin:vexillum]] ''' Plumelin''' ([[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] '''Pluverin ''') est commune 2295 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Mariculum|Mariculi]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Mariculi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Plumelin|Plumelin}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100915073919/http://mairie-plumelin.fr/ Plumelin pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Morbihani]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Morbihani]] 5zjx115r0q5fecmx9nftmug7fjssmm9 0 127713 3957251 3917710 2026-04-27T12:40:51Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957251 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:PiréSurSeiche Eglise 20070408.jpg|thumb|200 px|Piriaci [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Petrus|Sancto Petro]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus:Blason ville fr Piré-sur-Seiche (Ille-et-Vilaine).svg|thumb|200px|Piriaci Scutum gentilitium]] '''Piriacus'''<ref>Pierre-Hyacinthe Morice, ''Mémoires pour servir, de preuves à l'histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne'', Parisiis, 1742, Imprimerie Charles Osmont, T. I, pp. 7401, 695.</ref> vel '''Pireium'''<ref>''Bulletin Archéologique de l'Association bretonne'', T. III, p. 240.</ref> ([[Francogallice]] ''Piré-sur-Seiche'', [[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonice]] ''Pirae'', [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] ''Pereg'') est commune 2233 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Illa et Vicinonia|Illae et Vicinoniae]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Illae et Vicinoniae]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Piré-sur-Seiche|Piriacum}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160525002045/http://www.pire-sur-seiche.fr/ Piriaci pagina interretialis] {{Ling|Francice}} * {{INSEE commune|35220|de=Piriaco}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Ellae et Vicenoniae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Ellae et Vicenoniae]] nndoqlq8gtpgpguc19yww2tk7i88rhl 0 129067 3957350 1674631 2026-04-28T00:48:13Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:PtolemyIIPhiladelphos-Relief BrooklynMuseum.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Ptolemaeus II deorum Aegyptiorum cultor (photographema Keith Schengili-Roberts)]] '''Ptolemaei II simulacrum''', [[anaglyptum]] stylo [[Aegyptus|Aegyptio]] sculptum, in ruinis templi [[Isis|Isidis]] ad [[Hebit]] (hodie ''Behbeit el-Hagar'')<ref>Apud alios ''Behbeit al-Hagar'', ''Behbeit el Higra''</ref> repertum est. Hodie [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] in [[Museum Brooklyn|Museo Brooklyn]] ostentatur. Templum Isidis ad Hebit ornatum est a regibus [[Nectanebus II|Nectanebo II]] Ptolemaeisque [[Ptolemaeus II|II]] et [[Ptolemaeus III|III]]. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/3816/Sunk_Relief_Representation_of_Ptolemy_II Catalogus Musei Brooklyn]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Bibliographia == * P. Gallo, "Quelques monuments royaux provenant de Behbeit El-Hagar" in ''Bulletin de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale''vol. 90 (1990) pp. 223-228 {{Ars-stipula}} {{Nexus absunt}} [[Categoria:Ptolemaeus II]] [[Categoria:Confecta saeculo 3 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Homines figurati]] [[Categoria:Ritus figurati]] [[Categoria:Religio Aegyptia]] [[Categoria:Anaglypta]] [[Categoria:Museum Brooklyn]] s5pleyu1ohmaeefhd3vf1k6280wen9u 0 130744 3957300 3845696 2026-04-27T18:49:49Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3957300 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Homeric Greece-en.svg|thumb|Tabula Graeciae Homericae: Graeci viridi colore signati, Troiani et socii eorum flavo]] '''Catalogus navium'''<ref>[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camena/pont2/pontanusinstitutiones.html Jacobi Pontani de Societate Iesu poeticarum institutionum libri tres (1594)]</ref> ([[Graece]]: νεῶν κατάλογος) est pars ''[[Ilias|Iliadis]]'',<ref>''Ilias'' 2,494-759</ref> quae oppida ducesque [[Achaei|Achaeorum]], qui [[Troia]]m navigaverunt, cum numero navium eorum indicis forma refert. Catalogus nomina ducum et loca a sociis habitata enumerat, interdum [[epitheton|epitheto]] ornamenti causa addito. [[Apparatus Troianus]] (Τρωικὸς διάκοσμος) similis sequitur<ref>''Ilias'' 2,816-877</ref> ubi socii Troianorum eodem fere modo sed brevius enumerantur. Etiam in [[Apollodori bibliotheca]] catalogus similis invenitur. == Epitome == In catalogo navium describuntur viginti novem classes a quadraginta sex nauarchis ductae, quae summam {{formatnum:1186}} navium faciunt.<ref>J. V. Luce, ''Homer and the Homeric Age'' (Novi Eboraci: Harper & Row, 1975).</ref> Refertur quemque navem Boeotorum 120 homines continuisse et si aliae naves aequum numerum portabant, putare possumus {{formatnum:142320}} homines ad Troadem transvectos esse. Catervae cum variis gentibus et 164 locis coniunguntur. Plurima loca hodie agnoscuntur et in [[Aetas aënea|Aetate aënea]] inferiore habitabantur. Totus exercitus nominibus [[Danai]]s, [[Argivi]]s, [[Achaei]]s, vel Achaeorum filiis appellatur. Aliae enumerationes apud alios scriptores antiquos reperiuntur. [[Pseudo-Apollodorus]] in ''[[Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)|Bibliotheca]]'' dat triginta catervas sub quadraginta tribus ducibus et summam {{formatnum:1013}} navium.<ref>Apollodorus, ''Bibliotheca'' 3.11.</ref> [[Gaius Iulius Hyginus|Hyginus]] {{formatnum:1154}} naves refert, sed summam tantum 245 navium dat.<ref>Hyginus, ''Fabulae'' [http://latin.packhum.org/loc/1263/1/43/ 97].</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="margin-bottom: 10px;" !'''Versus''' !'''Gens''' !'''Numerus navium''' !'''Nauarchi'''<ref>Tempus narrationis est in prima belli Troiani parte et naves describuntur quae ad [[Troas|Troadem]] erant. Nauarchi catervarum qui in aliis temporibus et locis reperiuntur non in catalogo referuntur et hic inter parentheses dantur.</ref> !'''Oppida''' |- |2.494 |[[Boeoti]] |50, centenis vicenis hominibus completae |(Primum [[Thersander]], dein) [[Peneleos]], [[Leitus]], [[Arcesilaus]], [[Prothoënor]], [[Clonius]] |[[Hyria]], [[Aulis]], [[Schoenus]], [[Scolus]], [[Eteonus]], [[Thespiae]], [[Graia]], [[Mycalessus]], [[Harma]], [[Eilesium]], [[Erythrae (Boeotia)|Erythrae]], [[Eleon]], [[Hyle]], [[Peteon]], [[Ocalea]], [[Medeon]], [[Copae]], [[Eutresis]], [[Thisbe (Graecia)|Thisbe]], [[Coronea]], [[Haliartus]], [[Plataea]], [[Glisas]], [[Thebae (Boeotia)|Thebae]], [[Onchestus]], [[Ascra|Arne]], [[Midea]], [[Nisa]], [[Anthedon]] |- |2.511 |[[Minyae]] |30 |[[Ascalaphus]], [[Ialmenus]] |[[Aspledon]], [[Orchomenus (Boeotia)|Orchomenus]] |- |2.517 |[[Phocei]] |40 |[[Schedius]], [[Epistrophus]] |[[Cyparissus (Phocis)|Cyparissus]], [[Delphi (urbs Graeca)|Pytho]], [[Crisa]], [[Daulis]], [[Panope (urbs)|Panopeus]], [[Anemorea]], [[Hyampolis]], [[Cephissus (Boeotia)|Cephissus]] fluvius, [[Lilaea]] |- |2.527 |[[Locri]] |40 |[[Aiax Oileus]] (Aiax minor) |[[Cynus]], [[Opous]], [[Calliarus]], [[Bessa (Locris)|Bessa]], [[Scarphe]], [[Augeae]], [[Tarphe]], [[Thronium]] |- |2.537 |[[Abantes]] [[Euboea|Euboeae]] |40 |[[Elephenor]] |[[Chalcis]], [[Eretria]], [[Histiaea]], [[Cerinthus]], [[Dium]], [[Carystus]], [[Styra]] |- |2.546 |[[Athenienses]] |50 |Primum [[Menestheus]] (dein [[Acamas (filius Thesei)|Acamas]] et [[Demophoon]], [[Theseus|Thesei]] filii) |[[Athenae]] |- |2.557 |[[Salaminii]] |12 |[[Aiax Telamonius]] (Aiax maior) |[[Salamis]] |- |2.559 |[[Argivi]] |80 |[[Diomedes]] cum [[Sthenelus|Sthenelo]] et [[Euryalus|Euryalo]] |[[Argos]], [[Tiryns]], [[Hermione]], [[Asine]], [[Troezen]], [[Eїonae]], [[Epidaurus]], [[Aegina (insula)|Aegina]], [[Mases]] |- |2.569 |[[Mycenaei]] |100 |[[Agamemnon]], [[Mycenae|Mycenarum]] rex, summus dux |[[Mycenae]], [[Corinthus]], [[Cleonae]], [[Orneae]], [[Araethyrea]], [[Sicyon]], [[Hyperesia]], [[Gonoessa]], [[Pellene]], [[Aegium]], [[Helice]] |- |2.581 |[[Lacedaemonii]] |60 |[[Menelaus]], [[Agamemnon]]is frater, [[Helena]]e maritus |[[Pharis]], [[Sparta]], [[Messe]], [[Bryseae]], [[Augeae]], [[Amyclae]], [[Helos]], [[Laas]], [[Oetylus]] |- |2.592 |Nomen non refertur. |90 |[[Nestor ]] |[[Pylos]], [[Arēne]], [[Thryum]], [[Aepy]], [[Cyparisseis]], [[Amphigenea]], [[Pteleum]], [[Helos]], [[Dorium (Messenia)|Dorium]] |- |2.603 |[[Arcades]] |60 |[[Agapenor]] |[[Cyllene]], [[Pheneus]], [[Orchomenus (Arcadia)|Orchomenus]], [[Rhipae]], [[Stratie]], [[Enispe]], [[Tegea]], [[Mantinea]], [[Stymphalos]], [[Parrhasia]] |- |2.615 |[[Epei]] [[Elis|Elidis]] |40 |[[Amphimachus]], [[Thalpius]], [[Diores]], [[Polyxenus]] |[[Buprasium]] et terrae [[Hyrmine]], [[Myrsinus|Myrsino]], [[Olene]], [[Alesium|Alesio]] inclusae |- |2.624 |[[Dulichii]] |40 |[[Meges]] |[[Dulichium]], [[Echinades]] |- |2.631 |[[Cephallanes]] |12 |[[Ulixes]] |[[Ithaca]], [[Neritum (mons)|Neritum]], [[Crocylea]], [[Aegilips]], [[Same]], [[Zacynthus]] et pars continentis contra insulas |- |2.638 |[[Aetoli]] |40 |[[Thoas (Aetolus)|Thoas]] |[[Pleuron]], [[Olenus]], [[Pylene]], [[Chalcis (Aetolia)|Chalcis]], [[Calydon]] |- |2.645 |[[Cretenses]] |80 |[[Idomeneus]], [[Meriones]] |[[Cnossus]], [[Gortys]], [[Lyctus (urbs)|Lyctus]], [[Miletus (Creta)|Miletus]], [[Lycastus]], [[Phaestus]], [[Rhytium]], alii |- |2.653 |[[Rhodii]] |9 |[[Tlepolemus (mythologia)|Tlepolemus]] |[[Lindus]], [[Ielysus]], [[Cameirus]] |- |2.671 |[[Symiaci]] |3 |[[Nireus]] |[[Syme]] |- |2.676 |Nomen non refertur. |30 |[[Phidippus (discretiva)|Phidippus]], [[Antiphus]] |[[Nisyrus]], [[Crapathus]], [[Casus (insula)|Casus]], [[Cos]], [[Calydnae insulae]] |- |2.681 |[[Pelasgi]], [[Myrmidones]], [[Hellenes]], [[Achaei]] |50 |[[Achilles]] (dein [[Neoptolemus]]) |[[Pelasgicon Argos]], [[Alos]], [[Alope (urbs Graeciae)|Alope]], [[Trachis]], [[Phthiotis (regio antiqua)|Phthia]] |- |2.695 |Nomen non refertur. |40 |[[Protesilaus]], dein [[Podarces]] |[[Phylace]], [[Pyrasus]], [[Iton]], [[Antrium]], [[Pteleum]] |- |2.711 |Nomen non refertur. |11 |[[Eumelus]] |[[Pherae]], [[Boebe]], [[Glaphyrae]], [[Iolcus]] |- |2.716 |Nomen non refertur. |7, quinquagenis remigibus ac sagitariis completae |[[Philoctetes]], dein [[Medon]] |[[Methone]], [[Thaumacia]], [[Meliboea]], [[Olizon]] |- |2.729 |Nomen non refertur. |30 |[[Podalirius]], [[Machaon]], duo [[Aesculapius|Aesculapii]] filii |[[Tricca]], [[Ithome (Thessalia)|Ithome]], [[Oechalia]] |- |2.734 |Nomen non refertur. |40 |[[Eurypylus]] |[[Ormenius]], [[Hypereia (fons)]], [[Asterius]], [[Titanus (mons)|Titanus]] |- |2.738 |([[Lapithae]]) |40 |[[Polypoetes]], [[Leonteus]] |[[Argissa]], [[Gyrtone]], [[Orthe]], [[Elone]], [[Oloösson|Oloosson]] |- |2.748 |[[Enienes]], [[Perrhaebi]] |22 |[[Guneus]] |[[Cyphus]], [[Dodona (Thessalia)]], [[Gonnos]], [[Titaresius|Titaresii]] ripae |- |2.756 |[[Magnetes]] |40 |[[Prothous]] |Circa [[Peneus|Peneum]] et [[Pelion]] |} == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externus == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110830123851/http://www.maicar.com/GML/021Editions/FlippingBooks/FP-MythologicalMaps/MythologicalMapsPreview.html Tabula Achaeorum Troianorumque] [[Categoria:Bellum Troianum]] [[Categoria:Ilias]] moh3j2sfx8py1cyq0t86lg5il64509n 0 137157 3957299 3700428 2026-04-27T18:19:11Z Cocenpoma 132054 3957299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Goldenlaurel.jpg|75px|thumb|left|Signum poëtae laureati.]] '''Poëta laureatus''' est titulus [[honos|honoris]] ab [[auctoritas (ius)|auctoritatibus]] publicis ([[imperator]]ibus, regibus, [[magistratus|magistratibus]], [[collegium|collegiis]] [[academia|academiisque]] proprie allegatis) cuidam poétae datus ad eum [[honos|honorandum]]. Origo nominis [[corona]] [[laurus nobilis|lauri nobilis]] est. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Pintoricchio 016a.jpg|thumb|Incoronatio [[Pius II|Aeneae Silvii Piccolomini]] poétae laureati ab imperatore [[Fridericus III|Friderico III]].]] Olim in multis regnis [[Europa]]eis hic titulus attribuebatur, atque [[papa]]e, [[rex|reges]], necnon [[imperator]]es [[Sanctum Romanum Imperium|Sancti Romani Imperii]] hoc titulo eximios poétas honoraverunt. Anno [[1483]] sub aegide imperatoris [[Fridericus III|Friderici III]] poëta laureatus ab [[academia Romana]] nominatus est.<ref>Susanna de Beer, "[https://www.academia.edu/11350206/The_Roman_Academy_of_Pomponio_Leto_From_an_informal_Network_to_the_Institution_of_a_Literary_Society The Roman Academy of Pomponius Laetus: from an informal humanist network to the institution of a literary society]" in Arjan Van Dixhoorn, Susie Speakman Sutch, edd., ''The Reach of the Republic of Letters: Literary and Learned Societies in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe'' (Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 2008) pp. 181-218</ref> Anno [[1501]], [[Maximilianus I (imperator)|Imperator Maximilianus I]] Collegio Poétarum et Mathematicorum Vindobonensi ius lauri poetis addicendi eisdemque [[insigne|insignibus]] poéticis ornandi allegavit. Temporibus nostris tamen solum in [[Britanniarum Regnum|regno Britanniae]] et in [[America]] adhuc [[laurus|lauro]] decorantur poétae [[patrius sermo|sermone patrio]] utentes. Poétarum laureatorum [[Latine]] scribentium creare atque insignibus poéticis ornare munus est [[Academia Latinitati Fovendae|Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]] Romanae. == Index poétárum laureátórum == ===Poétae a papis vel a Senatu Romano laureati=== [[Fasciculus:Francesco-Petrarca.jpg |thumb|upright=0.8|[[Franciscus Petrarca]], poéta laureatus.]] *[[Thomas Inghirami]] *[[Matthias Casimirus Sarbievius]] *[[Albertinus Mussatus]] *[[Petrarca]] (1304–74) *[[Laurentius Valla]] *[[Franciscus Philelphus]] *[[Torquatus Tassus]] ===Poétae ab imperatoribus sive a Collegio Poétarum et Mathematicorum Vindobonensi laureati === [[Fasciculus:Inghirami Raphael.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Thomas Inghirami, poéta laureatus.]] *[[Conradus Celtis]] die 18 mensis aprilis 1487 ab imperatore Frederico III in urbe Norimberga. *[[Ioannes Alexander Brassicanus]] *[[Pius II|Aeneas Silvius Piccolominus]] *[[Iohannes Cuspinianus]] (Hans Spießheimer) anno 1493 ab imperatore Frederico III. *[[Iacobus Locher]] anno 1497, ab imperatore Maximiliano I. *[[Iohannes Aesticampianus]], coronatus anno 1501. *[[Hendricus Bebel]] coronatus anno 1501. *[[Thomas Murnere]] ab imperatore Maximiliano anno 1505. *[[Hendricus Loriti]] dictus [[Glareanus]] ab imperatore Maximiliano. *[[Huldericus de Hutten]] accepit etiam coronam poétae laureati ab imperatore Maximiliano I anno 1517. *[[Petrus van der Borcht]], poéta Bruxellensis, coronatus ab imperatore [[Carolus VI|Carolo Sexto]]. ===Poétae a praesidibus Civitatum Foederatarum laureati=== [[Fasciculus:Andrew Motion, April 2009.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Andreas Motion, poéta laureatus Britannicus.]] :''Vide etiam: [[Poeta Laureatus Civitatum Foederatarum]]'' Hic habes indices poétárum a [[praeses Civitatum Foederatarum|praesidibus Civitatum Foederatarum]] laureatorum: {{div col|2}} *[[Gulielmus Collins]] *[[Ludovica Glück]] *[[Theodorus Kooser]] *[[Donaldus Hall]] *[[Carolus Simic]] *[[Kay Ryan]] *[[W. S. Merwin]] *[[Philippus Levine]] *[[Fridericus Chappell]] *[[Elizabetha Bishop]] *[[Robertus Frost]] *[[Carolus Shapiro]] *[[Robertus Penn Warren]] *[[Iosephus Brodsky]] *[[Robertus Fitzgerald]] {{div col end}} ===Poétae a regibus reginisve Britanniae laureati=== [[Fasciculus:Carol Ann Duffy (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Carola Anna Duffy]], poétria laureata hodierna.]] *Gulielmus Peregrinus *Magister Henricus, versificator Regis Henrici III *[[Galfridus Chaucer]] (1340–1400) *[[Edmundus Spenser]] *[[Beniaminus Jonson]] *[[Ioannes Dryden]] *Ioannes Kay *[[Ioannes Skelton]] *[[Robertus Southey]] *[[Alfredus Tennyson]] *[[Gulielmus Wordsworth]] *[[Ioannes Betjeman]] *1999: [[Andreas Motion]] *2009: [[Carola Anna Duffy]] === Poétae a regibus Belgarum laureati === * Nullus ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== * Flood, John L. [[2006]]. ''Poets Laureate in the Holy Roman Empire: a bio-bibliographical handbook.'' 4 voll. Berolini: De Gruyter {{Google Books|B1ujbUq3NOcC|Paginae selectae vol. 1}} * Godi, C. [[1970]]. La Collatio laureationis del Petrarca. In ''Italia medievale e umanistica'' 13: 1–27. {{NexInt}} * [[:Categoria:Poetae laureati]] [[Categoria:Poesis]] [[Categoria:Tituli]] o9o0m3l21vpw1t6io6lpyc2w2p8mad6 0 149524 3957344 3409847 2026-04-28T00:21:27Z ~2026-25640-60 208614 "37th" est aut "septem et tricesimum" aut "tricesimum septimum". 3957344 wikitext text/x-wiki "'''Nunc est bibendum'''" incipit carmen septem et tricesimum e libro primo [[Carmina (Horatius)|carminum]] [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatii]] anno [[30 a.C.n.]], quo tempore [[Cleopatra VII]] ab [[Augustus (imperator)|Octaviano]] capta sibi mortem intulit, compositum. Paene velut in [[palinodia]] quadam poeta, qui iam anno prius, post [[bellum Actiacum|pugnam ad Actium]] commissam, puerum "metire nobis [[vinum Caecubum|Caecubum]]"<ref>Horatius, [[epodi (Horatius)|Epodon]] 9.35</ref> iussit, "nunc" demum, i. e. post mortem ''fatalis monstri'' eiusdem carminis<ref>37.21</ref>, sodales his verbis triumphantibus ad pocula vocat. == Locutio == Prima verba "Nunc est bibendum" ad initium carminis [[Alcaeus|Alcaici]] adnuunt, qui [[Graece]] de morte [[Myrsilus|Myrsili]] monuerat: "'''{{Polytonic|Νῦν χρῆ μεθύσθην}}'''".<ref>[[Alcaeus]] fr. 332 Lobel et Page</ref> Versio Horatiana sicut locutio usurpata est. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Bibliographia == * Steele Commager, "Horace, "Carmina" 1.37" in ''Phoenix'' vol. 12 (1958) pp. 47-57 * Michael Hendry, "Three Problems in the Cleopatra Ode" in ''Classical Journal'' vol. 88 (1992-1993) pp. 137-146 * H. T. Karsten, "De Horatii carminibus ad rempublicam et Caesarem pertinentibus" in ''Mnemosyne'' n.s. vol. 25 (1897) pp. 237-260 * J. V. Luce, "Cleopatra as Fatale Monstrum (Horace, Carm. 1. 37. 21)" in ''Classical Quarterly'' n.s. vol. 13 (1963) pp. 251-257 * C. W. Macleod, "Horace and His Lyric Models: A Note on Epode 9 and Odes 1, 37" in ''Hermes'' vol. 110 (1982) pp. 371-375 * Perry D. Westbrook, "Horace's Influence on Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra" in ''PMLA'' vol. 62 (1947) pp. 392-398 == Nexus externi == * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/carm1.shtml Textus] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]'' [[Categoria:Locutiones Latinae]] [[Categoria:Quintus Horatius Flaccus]] [[Categoria:Augustus]] [[Categoria:Cleopatra VII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 30 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Carmina]] 0e5d54qszfhc06dqndf8l8997pq7ocq 3957376 3957344 2026-04-28T06:26:04Z Grufo 64423 +{{Titulus ad litteram}}; imago 3957376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{lres|Nunc est bibendum}} incipit carmen tricensimum septimum e libro primo [[Carmina (Horatius)|carminum]] [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatii]] anno [[30 a.C.n.]], quo tempore [[Cleopatra VII]] ab [[Augustus (imperator)|Octaviano]] capta sibi mortem intulit, compositum. Paene velut in [[palinodia]] quadam poeta, qui iam anno prius, post [[bellum Actiacum|pugnam ad Actium]] commissam, puerum “metire nobis [[vinum Caecubum|Caecubum]]”<ref>Horatius, [[epodi (Horatius)|Epodon]] 9.35</ref> iussit, “nunc” demum, i. e. post mortem ''fatalis monstri'' eiusdem carminis<ref>37.21</ref>, sodales his verbis triumphantibus ad pocula vocat. == Locutio == [[Fasciculus:Michelin Poster 1898.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Tabula [[Praeconium mercatorium|praeconialis]] societatis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Michelin||en|qid=Q151107}} anno [[1898]] ab {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|O'Galop||en|qid=Q3347401}} confecta, quae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bibendum||en|qid=Q302895}} cum [[sententiola praeconialis|sententiola praeconiali]] ''Nunc est bibendum'' ostendit.]] Prima verba “Nunc est bibendum” ad initium carminis [[Alcaeus|Alcaici]] adnuunt, qui [[Graece]] de morte [[Myrsilus|Myrsili]] monuerat: “'''{{Polytonic|Νῦν χρῆ μεθύσθην}}'''”.<ref>[[Alcaeus]] fr. 332 Lobel et Page</ref> Versio Horatiana sicut locutio usurpata est. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Steele Commager, “Horace, ‘Carmina’ 1.37” in ''Phoenix'' vol. 12 (1958) pp. 47-57 * Michael Hendry, “Three Problems in the Cleopatra Ode” in ''Classical Journal'' vol. 88 (1992-1993) pp. 137-146 * H. T. Karsten, “De Horatii carminibus ad rempublicam et Caesarem pertinentibus” in ''Mnemosyne'' n.s. vol. 25 (1897) pp. 237-260 * J. V. Luce, “Cleopatra as Fatale Monstrum (Horace, Carm. 1. 37. 21)” in ''Classical Quarterly'' n.s. vol. 13 (1963) pp. 251-257 * C. W. Macleod, “Horace and His Lyric Models: A Note on Epode 9 and Odes 1, 37” in ''Hermes'' vol. 110 (1982) pp. 371-375 * Perry D. Westbrook, “Horace's Influence on Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra” in ''PMLA'' vol. 62 (1947) pp. 392-398 == Nexus externi == * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/carm1.shtml Textus] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]'' [[Categoria:Locutiones Latinae]] [[Categoria:Quintus Horatius Flaccus]] [[Categoria:Augustus]] [[Categoria:Cleopatra VII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 30 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Carmina]] m8bazbdf6vnabjmwhuzudjy9me5olaf 3957377 3957376 2026-04-28T06:26:56Z Grufo 64423 3957377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{lres|Nunc est bibendum}} incipit carmen tricensimum septimum e libro primo [[Carmina (Horatius)|carminum]] [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatii]] anno [[30 a.C.n.]], quo tempore [[Cleopatra VII]] ab [[Augustus (imperator)|Octaviano]] capta sibi mortem intulit, compositum. Paene velut in [[palinodia]] quadam poeta, qui iam anno prius, post [[bellum Actiacum|pugnam ad Actium]] commissam, puerum “metire nobis [[vinum Caecubum|Caecubum]]”<ref>Horatius, [[epodi (Horatius)|Epodon]] 9.35</ref> iussit, “nunc” demum, {{*ie}} post mortem ''fatalis monstri'' eiusdem carminis<ref>37.21</ref>, sodales his verbis triumphantibus ad pocula vocat. == Locutio == [[Fasciculus:Michelin Poster 1898.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Tabula [[Praeconium mercatorium|praeconialis]] societatis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Michelin||en|qid=Q151107}} anno [[1898]] ab {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|O'Galop||en|qid=Q3347401}} confecta, quae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bibendum||en|qid=Q302895}} cum [[sententiola praeconialis|sententiola praeconiali]] ''Nunc est bibendum'' ostendit.]] Prima verba “Nunc est bibendum” ad initium carminis [[Alcaeus|Alcaici]] adnuunt, qui [[Graece]] de morte [[Myrsilus|Myrsili]] monuerat: “'''{{Polytonic|Νῦν χρῆ μεθύσθην}}'''”.<ref>[[Alcaeus]] fr. 332 Lobel et Page</ref> Versio Horatiana sicut locutio usurpata est. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Steele Commager, “Horace, ‘Carmina’ 1.37” in ''Phoenix'' vol. 12 (1958) pp. 47-57 * Michael Hendry, “Three Problems in the Cleopatra Ode” in ''Classical Journal'' vol. 88 (1992-1993) pp. 137-146 * H. T. Karsten, “De Horatii carminibus ad rempublicam et Caesarem pertinentibus” in ''Mnemosyne'' n.s. vol. 25 (1897) pp. 237-260 * J. V. Luce, “Cleopatra as Fatale Monstrum (Horace, Carm. 1. 37. 21)” in ''Classical Quarterly'' n.s. vol. 13 (1963) pp. 251-257 * C. W. Macleod, “Horace and His Lyric Models: A Note on Epode 9 and Odes 1, 37” in ''Hermes'' vol. 110 (1982) pp. 371-375 * Perry D. Westbrook, “Horace's Influence on Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra” in ''PMLA'' vol. 62 (1947) pp. 392-398 == Nexus externi == * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/carm1.shtml Textus] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]'' [[Categoria:Locutiones Latinae]] [[Categoria:Quintus Horatius Flaccus]] [[Categoria:Augustus]] [[Categoria:Cleopatra VII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 30 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Carmina]] bi0nmf06rx387oj83nj58399vigahpx 3957378 3957377 2026-04-28T06:27:20Z Grufo 64423 3957378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{lres|Nunc est bibendum}} incipit carmen tricensimum septimum e libro primo [[Carmina (Horatius)|carminum]] [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatii]] anno [[30 a.C.n.]], quo tempore [[Cleopatra VII]] ab [[Augustus (imperator)|Octaviano]] capta sibi mortem intulit, compositum. Paene velut in [[palinodia]] quadam poeta, qui iam anno prius, post [[bellum Actiacum|pugnam ad Actium]] commissam, puerum “metire nobis [[vinum Caecubum|Caecubum]]”<ref>Horatius, [[epodi (Horatius)|Epodon]] 9.35</ref> iussit, “nunc” demum, {{*ie}} post mortem ''fatalis monstri'' eiusdem carminis,<ref>37.21</ref> sodales his verbis triumphantibus ad pocula vocat. == Locutio == [[Fasciculus:Michelin Poster 1898.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Tabula [[Praeconium mercatorium|praeconialis]] societatis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Michelin||en|qid=Q151107}} anno [[1898]] ab {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|O'Galop||en|qid=Q3347401}} confecta, quae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bibendum||en|qid=Q302895}} cum [[sententiola praeconialis|sententiola praeconiali]] ''Nunc est bibendum'' ostendit.]] Prima verba “Nunc est bibendum” ad initium carminis [[Alcaeus|Alcaici]] adnuunt, qui [[Graece]] de morte [[Myrsilus|Myrsili]] monuerat: “'''{{Polytonic|Νῦν χρῆ μεθύσθην}}'''”.<ref>[[Alcaeus]] fr. 332 Lobel et Page</ref> Versio Horatiana sicut locutio usurpata est. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Steele Commager, “Horace, ‘Carmina’ 1.37” in ''Phoenix'' vol. 12 (1958) pp. 47-57 * Michael Hendry, “Three Problems in the Cleopatra Ode” in ''Classical Journal'' vol. 88 (1992-1993) pp. 137-146 * H. T. Karsten, “De Horatii carminibus ad rempublicam et Caesarem pertinentibus” in ''Mnemosyne'' n.s. vol. 25 (1897) pp. 237-260 * J. V. Luce, “Cleopatra as Fatale Monstrum (Horace, Carm. 1. 37. 21)” in ''Classical Quarterly'' n.s. vol. 13 (1963) pp. 251-257 * C. W. Macleod, “Horace and His Lyric Models: A Note on Epode 9 and Odes 1, 37” in ''Hermes'' vol. 110 (1982) pp. 371-375 * Perry D. Westbrook, “Horace's Influence on Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra” in ''PMLA'' vol. 62 (1947) pp. 392-398 == Nexus externi == * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/carm1.shtml Textus] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]'' [[Categoria:Locutiones Latinae]] [[Categoria:Quintus Horatius Flaccus]] [[Categoria:Augustus]] [[Categoria:Cleopatra VII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 30 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Carmina]] hbpuojmqvuztgvd4kym46zijz6j9rqo 3957379 3957378 2026-04-28T06:28:51Z Grufo 64423 3957379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{lres|Nunc est bibendum}} incipit carmen tricensimum septimum e libro primo [[Carmina (Horatius)|carminum]] [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatii]] anno [[30 a.C.n.]] compositum, quo tempore [[Cleopatra VII]] ab [[Augustus (imperator)|Octaviano]] capta sibi mortem intulit. Paene velut in [[palinodia]] quadam poeta, qui iam anno prius, post [[bellum Actiacum|pugnam ad Actium]] commissam, puerum “metire nobis [[vinum Caecubum|Caecubum]]”<ref>Horatius, [[epodi (Horatius)|Epodon]] 9.35</ref> iussit, “nunc” demum, {{*ie}} post mortem ''fatalis monstri'' eiusdem carminis,<ref>37.21</ref> sodales his verbis triumphantibus ad pocula vocat. == Locutio == [[Fasciculus:Michelin Poster 1898.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Tabula [[Praeconium mercatorium|praeconialis]] societatis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Michelin||en|qid=Q151107}} anno [[1898]] ab {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|O'Galop||en|qid=Q3347401}} confecta, quae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bibendum||en|qid=Q302895}} cum [[sententiola praeconialis|sententiola praeconiali]] ''Nunc est bibendum'' ostendit.]] Prima verba “Nunc est bibendum” ad initium carminis [[Alcaeus|Alcaici]] adnuunt, qui [[Graece]] de morte [[Myrsilus|Myrsili]] monuerat: “'''{{Polytonic|Νῦν χρῆ μεθύσθην}}'''”.<ref>[[Alcaeus]] fr. 332 Lobel et Page</ref> Versio Horatiana sicut locutio usurpata est. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Steele Commager, “Horace, ‘Carmina’ 1.37” in ''Phoenix'' vol. 12 (1958) pp. 47-57 * Michael Hendry, “Three Problems in the Cleopatra Ode” in ''Classical Journal'' vol. 88 (1992-1993) pp. 137-146 * H. T. Karsten, “De Horatii carminibus ad rempublicam et Caesarem pertinentibus” in ''Mnemosyne'' n.s. vol. 25 (1897) pp. 237-260 * J. V. Luce, “Cleopatra as Fatale Monstrum (Horace, Carm. 1. 37. 21)” in ''Classical Quarterly'' n.s. vol. 13 (1963) pp. 251-257 * C. W. Macleod, “Horace and His Lyric Models: A Note on Epode 9 and Odes 1, 37” in ''Hermes'' vol. 110 (1982) pp. 371-375 * Perry D. Westbrook, “Horace's Influence on Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra” in ''PMLA'' vol. 62 (1947) pp. 392-398 == Nexus externi == * [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/carm1.shtml Textus] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]'' [[Categoria:Locutiones Latinae]] [[Categoria:Quintus Horatius Flaccus]] [[Categoria:Augustus]] [[Categoria:Cleopatra VII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 30 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Carmina]] mwks7gx25resg4rcrj2zmgm6deog2tc 0 150190 3957390 3922032 2026-04-28T09:01:48Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Rodum (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Rodi Garganico.JPG|thumb|Rhodium (Apulia)]] '''Rhodium'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]</ref> {{victio|Rhodium|ii|n}} (alia nomina: ''Rodia''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref>, ''Hyria''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref>, ''Portus Garnae''<ref>Vicipaedia italica</ref>, ''Rodum''<ref>http://web.tiscali.it/castellopeschici/la_storia.html{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, ''Uria''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref>) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Rodi Garganico|Rodi Garganico]]'') est [[Urbes Italiae|Urbs]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 3&thinsp;740 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Apulia]], in [[Provincia Fodiana]] ac in [[Garganus mons|Gargano]] historica ac geographica regione, situm. Urbani ''Rodhiani'' appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di città.svg|''[[Urbs Italiae]]''<ref>DPR [[7 Aprilis]] [[2010]]</ref> </gallery> == Geographia == * [[Garganus]] (''terra'') == Historia == Rodium est Italus oppidum 3.673 habitatores in Foggiae provincia , in Apulia. Est pars Gargano Nationalis Parci et Gargani Montana Communitate . Quia MMX, est civitatem. Est puteus-notus centrum ad productionem Gargano citri fructibus (oranges et Lemons Femminello del Gargano, tam PDO) quoniam Middle Ages. Beach obstinatus, pro qualitatem sui lavandi raritate fuerit aqua, identidem consideratum Venetus Flag (ultimum in MMXII) by Fundamenti pro Simulium Educationis. In MMX, ipse recepit tria "vela" in militia Viridis Schooner Legambiente. == Clari cives == === Nati === * [[Maximus Pupillo]] == Aedificia egregia == * Regio urbana: ''Chépe abbasce''. == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Archidioecesis Sipontina-Vestana-Sancti Ioannis Rotundi]] == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == === Fractiones === * [[Litus Solis]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Lido del sole|Lido del sole]]''). == Municipia finitima == * [[Castrum Vici]], * [[Eschitella]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Apulia]]m (''regionem''), * [[Provincia Fodiana|Provinciam Fodianam]], * [[Garganus|Garganum]] (''terram''), * [[Fovea]]m vel [[Fodia]]m (''urbem''), * [[Urbes Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160414163710/http://comune.rodigarganico.info/ Situs publicus] {{CommuniaCat|Rodi Garganico|Rhodium}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Map of comune of Rodi Garganico (province of Foggia, region Apulia, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii Rodi in Provincia Fodiana. Imago:Porto di Rodi Garganico.jpg|Portus. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Foveae]] [[Categoria:Municipia in Gargano]] [[Categoria:Urbes Italiae in Apulia]] 9qoypj0877o50h66gj7av8mmnbjvz4p 0 172670 3957310 3842393 2026-04-27T20:07:06Z StannileiusIohnsonius 208506 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */ 3957310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:João de Barros.jpg|thumb|[[Ioannes de Barros]] ad frontispicium editionis 1777 ''[[Décadas da Ásia|Decadum de Asia]]'' pictus]] '''''Décadas da Ásia''''' ([[Lingua Latina|Latine]] "Decades de Asia") sunt opus historicum longissimum, seriatim divulgatum, ab [[Ioannes de Barros|Ioanne de Barros]] rerum gestarum scriptore [[Portugallia|Portugallensi]] anno [[1552]] inceptum et usque ad decadem tertiam ([[1563]]) dum vivit divulgatum. Pars decadis quartae exscripserat, cuius textus, a [[Ioannes Baptista Lavanha|Ioanne Baptista Lavanha]] perfectus, anno [[1628]] editus est. Ioanne de Barros mortuo [[Iacobus do Couto]] a decade quarta (anno [[1602]] edita) laborem suscepit. Ille usque ad decadem duodecimam porrexit. == Editiones == [[Fasciculus:Portrait de Diogo do Couto.jpg|thumb|[[Iacobus do Couto]] ad frontispicium editionis 1778 ''[[Décadas da Ásia|Decadum de Asia]]'' pictus]] ; Opus Ioannis de Barros * 1552 : João de Barros, ''Primeira Década da Ásia, dos feitos que os portugueses fizeram no descobrimento dos mares e terras do Oriente''. Olisipone: Germão Galherde [https://archive.org/details/asia00barr/page/n5/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1553 : João de Barros, ''Segunda Década da Ásia''. Olisipone: Germão Galherde [https://archive.org/details/asia01barr/page/n3/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1563 : João de Barros, ''Terceira Década da Ásia ''. Olisipone: João da Barreira [https://archive.org/details/terceiradecadada00barr/page/n5/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1615 : João de Barros; [[Ioannes Baptista Lavanha|João Baptista Lavanha]], ed., ''Quarta Década da Ásia''. [[Matritum|Matriti]]: Imprensa Real {{Google Books|8-cJZzoi77kC}} * 1628 : João de Barros, ''Decada primeira [segunda, terceira] da Asia de Ioão de Barros: dos feitos que os portugueses fezerão no descobrimento & conquista dos mares & terras do Oriente''. 3 voll. [http://archive.org/details/decadaprimeirate00barr 1] [http://archive.org/details/decadaprimeirate01barr 2] [http://archive.org/details/decadaprimeirate02barr 3] apud ''Internet Archive'' ; Opus Iacobi do Couto * 1602 : Diogo do Couto, ''Decada quarta da Asia: dos feitos que os portugueses fizeram na conquista e descobrimento das terras, & mares do Oriente : em quanto gouernaraõ a India Lopo Vaz de Saõ Payo, & parte de Nuno da Cunha'' [http://archive.org/details/decadaquartadaas00cout Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [https://bndigital.bnportugal.gov.pt/idurl/1/91727 textus] apud Portugallenses * 1612 : Diogo do Couto, ''Decada quinta da Asia : Dos feitos que os portugueses fizeraõ no descobrimento dos mares, & conquista das terras do Oriente: em quanto governaraõ a India Nuno da Cunha, dom Garcia de Noronha, dom Esteuaõ da Gama, & Martim Afonso de Sousa'' [https://bndigital.bnportugal.gov.pt/idurl/1/91734 textus] apud Portugallenses * 1614 : Diogo do Couto, ''Decada sexta da Asia : dos feitos que os portugueses fizeraõ no descobrimento dos mares, & conquistas das terras do Oriente: em quanto governaraõ a India Dom Joaõ de Castro, Gracia [sic] de Sá, Jorge Cabral, Dom Affonço de Noronha'' [https://bndigital.bnportugal.gov.pt/idurl/1/91885 textus] apud Portugallenses * 1616 : Diogo do Couto, ''Decada setima da Asia : dos feitos que os portugueses fizeraõ no descobrimento dos mares, & conquista das terras do Oriente: em quanto governaraõ a India Dom Pedro Mascarenhas, Francisco Barreto, Dom Constantino, o Conde do Redondo Dom Francisco Coutinho, & Joaõ de Mendoça'' [https://bndigital.bnportugal.gov.pt/idurl/1/249115 textus] apud Portugallenses ; Opus amborum * 1777-1788 : ''Da Ásia de João de Barros e de Diogo do Couto: dos feitos que os portugueses fizeram no descobrimento dos mares e terras do Oriente''. Nova ed. Olisipone: na Régia Officina Typografica. 24 voll. (Voll. 1-8: ''Década 1-4'' de João de Barros (cum J. B. Lavanha); vol. 9: Vita Ioannis de Barros et index decadum 1-4; voll. 10-23: vita Iacobi do Couto et ''Década 4-12'' de Diogo do Couto; vol. 24: Index decadum do Couto [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb00barr 1] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb12barr 2] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb21barr 3] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb22barr 4] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb31barr 5] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb32barr 6] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb43barr 7] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb44barr 8] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb278barr index = 9] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb41barr 10] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb42barr 11] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb51barr 12] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb52barr 13] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb61barr 14] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb62barr 15] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb71barr 16] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb72barr 17] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb08barr 18] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb09barr 19] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb10barr 20] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb102barr 21] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb11barr 22] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb1278barr 23] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb178barr index = 24] == Bibliographia == * "[[:s:en:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Barros, João de|Barros, João de]]" in {{EncyBrit11}} * Manoel Severim de Faria, "[http://books.google.com/books?id=E5o2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false Vida de João de Barros]" in ''Da Ásia de João de Barros e de Diogo do Couto'' vol. 9 (Olisipone, 1778) * Donald Ferguson, ed., "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/43482993 The History of Ceylon, from the earliest times to 1600 A.D., as related by João de Barros and Diogo do Couto]" in ''Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society'' vol. 20 (1908) pp. 1-445 == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710055942/http://joaodebarros.tripod.com/ De Ioanne de Barros] * [http://purl.pt/7030/4/ Descriptio et exemplaria .pdf editionis 1777-1788] {{Nexus desiderati}} [[Categoria:Scripta 1552]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1602]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1613]] [[Categoria:Libri historici]] [[Categoria:Litterae Lusitanicae]] [[Categoria:Portugalliae scripta]] [[Categoria:Ioannes de Barros]] [[Categoria:Iacobus do Couto]] k4a6q9l7cilq90195e8cg598ozbst3p 3957333 3957310 2026-04-27T22:18:30Z IacobusAmor 1163 Nexus "Latine" iam adest. 3957333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:João de Barros.jpg|thumb|[[Ioannes de Barros]] ad frontispicium editionis 1777 ''[[Décadas da Ásia|Decadum de Asia]]'' pictus]] '''''Décadas da Ásia''''' ([[Latine]] "Decades de Asia") sunt opus historicum longissimum, seriatim divulgatum, ab [[Ioannes de Barros|Ioanne de Barros]] rerum gestarum scriptore [[Portugallia|Portugallensi]] anno [[1552]] inceptum et usque ad decadem tertiam ([[1563]]) dum vivit divulgatum. Pars decadis quartae exscripserat, cuius textus, a [[Ioannes Baptista Lavanha|Ioanne Baptista Lavanha]] perfectus, anno [[1628]] editus est. Ioanne de Barros mortuo [[Iacobus do Couto]] a decade quarta (anno [[1602]] edita) laborem suscepit. Ille usque ad decadem duodecimam porrexit. == Editiones == [[Fasciculus:Portrait de Diogo do Couto.jpg|thumb|[[Iacobus do Couto]] ad frontispicium editionis 1778 ''[[Décadas da Ásia|Decadum de Asia]]'' pictus]] ; Opus Ioannis de Barros * 1552 : João de Barros, ''Primeira Década da Ásia, dos feitos que os portugueses fizeram no descobrimento dos mares e terras do Oriente''. Olisipone: Germão Galherde [https://archive.org/details/asia00barr/page/n5/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1553 : João de Barros, ''Segunda Década da Ásia''. Olisipone: Germão Galherde [https://archive.org/details/asia01barr/page/n3/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1563 : João de Barros, ''Terceira Década da Ásia ''. Olisipone: João da Barreira [https://archive.org/details/terceiradecadada00barr/page/n5/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1615 : João de Barros; [[Ioannes Baptista Lavanha|João Baptista Lavanha]], ed., ''Quarta Década da Ásia''. [[Matritum|Matriti]]: Imprensa Real {{Google Books|8-cJZzoi77kC}} * 1628 : João de Barros, ''Decada primeira [segunda, terceira] da Asia de Ioão de Barros: dos feitos que os portugueses fezerão no descobrimento & conquista dos mares & terras do Oriente''. 3 voll. [http://archive.org/details/decadaprimeirate00barr 1] [http://archive.org/details/decadaprimeirate01barr 2] [http://archive.org/details/decadaprimeirate02barr 3] apud ''Internet Archive'' ; Opus Iacobi do Couto * 1602 : Diogo do Couto, ''Decada quarta da Asia: dos feitos que os portugueses fizeram na conquista e descobrimento das terras, & mares do Oriente : em quanto gouernaraõ a India Lopo Vaz de Saõ Payo, & parte de Nuno da Cunha'' [http://archive.org/details/decadaquartadaas00cout Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [https://bndigital.bnportugal.gov.pt/idurl/1/91727 textus] apud Portugallenses * 1612 : Diogo do Couto, ''Decada quinta da Asia : Dos feitos que os portugueses fizeraõ no descobrimento dos mares, & conquista das terras do Oriente: em quanto governaraõ a India Nuno da Cunha, dom Garcia de Noronha, dom Esteuaõ da Gama, & Martim Afonso de Sousa'' [https://bndigital.bnportugal.gov.pt/idurl/1/91734 textus] apud Portugallenses * 1614 : Diogo do Couto, ''Decada sexta da Asia : dos feitos que os portugueses fizeraõ no descobrimento dos mares, & conquistas das terras do Oriente: em quanto governaraõ a India Dom Joaõ de Castro, Gracia [sic] de Sá, Jorge Cabral, Dom Affonço de Noronha'' [https://bndigital.bnportugal.gov.pt/idurl/1/91885 textus] apud Portugallenses * 1616 : Diogo do Couto, ''Decada setima da Asia : dos feitos que os portugueses fizeraõ no descobrimento dos mares, & conquista das terras do Oriente: em quanto governaraõ a India Dom Pedro Mascarenhas, Francisco Barreto, Dom Constantino, o Conde do Redondo Dom Francisco Coutinho, & Joaõ de Mendoça'' [https://bndigital.bnportugal.gov.pt/idurl/1/249115 textus] apud Portugallenses ; Opus amborum * 1777-1788 : ''Da Ásia de João de Barros e de Diogo do Couto: dos feitos que os portugueses fizeram no descobrimento dos mares e terras do Oriente''. Nova ed. Olisipone: na Régia Officina Typografica. 24 voll. (Voll. 1-8: ''Década 1-4'' de João de Barros (cum J. B. Lavanha); vol. 9: Vita Ioannis de Barros et index decadum 1-4; voll. 10-23: vita Iacobi do Couto et ''Década 4-12'' de Diogo do Couto; vol. 24: Index decadum do Couto [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb00barr 1] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb12barr 2] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb21barr 3] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb22barr 4] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb31barr 5] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb32barr 6] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb43barr 7] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb44barr 8] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb278barr index = 9] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb41barr 10] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb42barr 11] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb51barr 12] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb52barr 13] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb61barr 14] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb62barr 15] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb71barr 16] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb72barr 17] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb08barr 18] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb09barr 19] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb10barr 20] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb102barr 21] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb11barr 22] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb1278barr 23] [http://archive.org/details/daasiadejoodeb178barr index = 24] == Bibliographia == * "[[:s:en:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Barros, João de|Barros, João de]]" in {{EncyBrit11}} * Manoel Severim de Faria, "[http://books.google.com/books?id=E5o2AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false Vida de João de Barros]" in ''Da Ásia de João de Barros e de Diogo do Couto'' vol. 9 (Olisipone, 1778) * Donald Ferguson, ed., "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/43482993 The History of Ceylon, from the earliest times to 1600 A.D., as related by João de Barros and Diogo do Couto]" in ''Journal of the Ceylon Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society'' vol. 20 (1908) pp. 1-445 == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710055942/http://joaodebarros.tripod.com/ De Ioanne de Barros] * [http://purl.pt/7030/4/ Descriptio et exemplaria .pdf editionis 1777-1788] {{Nexus desiderati}} [[Categoria:Scripta 1552]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1602]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1613]] [[Categoria:Libri historici]] [[Categoria:Litterae Lusitanicae]] [[Categoria:Portugalliae scripta]] [[Categoria:Ioannes de Barros]] [[Categoria:Iacobus do Couto]] 7t2p4xrmzgktj1lpxztwcgb7qapyatl 4 174428 3957313 3954270 2026-04-27T20:13:12Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 3957313 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{Compendia paginae|VP:N}} Contenta huius paginae in [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima|Pagina prima]] ostenduntur. NB: eodem tempore, quo hic nuntium quemque addis, eandem rem in pagina [[2026]] adde aut sub "Eventis" aut sub "Mortuis"</noinclude> ==2026== [[Fasciculus:Sabastian Sawe (KEN) 2025.jpg|90px|right|Sebastianus Sawe]] * 26 Aprilis: [[Sebastianus Sawe]] Londinii primus homo [[Cursus Marathonius|cursum Marathonium]] minore tempore quam duabus horis perficit. [[Fasciculus:Artemis II patch.svg|90px|right|Emblema missionis cum nominibus astronautarum]] * 6 Aprilis: [[Programma Artemis|Artemis II]] cum quattuor astronautis Lunam circumvolat et 11 Aprilis feliciter in Tellurem revertitur. [[Fasciculus:Mojtaba Khamenei 2019.jpg|90px|right|Mojtaba Khamenei]] * 8 Martii: [[Mojtaba Khamenei|Mojtaba Husainus Khamenei]], [[Ali Khamenei|Alii]] necati filius, magnus dux [[Irania]]e eligitur. [[Fasciculus:Middle East strikes, February 2026.png|90px|right|Tabula bombardamentorum Februarii anni 2026]] * 28 Februarii: Civitas [[Israël]] et [[Civitates Foederatae]] impetum [[bomba]]rum ad [[Irania]]m faciunt, illum impetum praeemptivum appellantes. * 21 Februarii: Bellum inter [[Afghania]] et [[Pakistania]] erumpit. [[Fasciculus:2026 Winter Olympics logo.svg|90px|right|[[Olympia hiemalia 2026]]]] * 6 Februarii: [[Olympia hiemalia 2026|Olympia hiemalia]] in [[Italia]] simul [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]], [[Cortina Ampecanorum|Cortinae Ampecanorum]], [[Pralatium|Pralatii]], [[Livignum|Livigni]] et [[Resinae|Ante Silvam]] patefiunt. * 2–6 Februarii: [[Curdistania Syriaca|Curdistaniam Syriacam]] [[Ahmedus Husainus al-Shara|rectio Damasci nova]] sibi adiungit. * 22 Ianuarii: [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] ab [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|Ordine Mundi Sanitarii]] se recedunt. * 15 Ianuarii: [[Vicipaedia]], anno 2001 a [[Iacobus Wales|Iacobo Wales]] et [[Laurentius Sanger|Laurentio Sanger]] condita, annum vicesimum quintum celebrat. [[Fasciculus:Leo XIV (june 2025).jpg|80px|right|[[Leo XIV]]]] * 6 Ianuarii: [[Leo XIV|Leo papa XIV]] [[Iubilaeum anni 2025]] claudit. [[Fasciculus:Nicolas Maduro on December 31, 2025 (cropped2).jpg|80px|right|[[Nicolaus Maduro]]]] * 3 Ianuarii: [[Nicolaus Maduro]] [[Venetiola]]e praeses a militibus [[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum]] raptus est, [[Caracae]] multis ictibus affliguntur. == 2025 == * 28 Novembris: Leo XIV [[papa]] in loco [[Concilium Nicaenum Primum|concilii Nicaeni]] [[Bartholomaeus I|Bartholomaeum]] patriarcham convenit et admonet, ut dissensiones superarentur. [[Fasciculus:A "pillar" formed by the flame on a building during 2025 Tai Po apartment fire.jpg|80px|right|Incendium domorum altarum in Hogkongi vico Taipo]] * 26 Novembris: Hongcongi incendium complurum domorum praealtarum in [[Hongcongum|Hongcongi]] vico Taipo exardescit. Saltem 123 homines necantur. [[Fasciculus:Sagrada Família side view.jpg|right|80px|[[Basilica Sanctae Familiae]]]] * 31 Octobris: [[Basilica Sanctae Familiae]] [[Barcino]]nensis nunc altissima ecclesiarum Christianarum est, 162,9 m habens et ecclesia cathedrali [[Ulma|Ulmensi]] altior; sed aedificatio nondum perfecta est. * 28 Octobris: [[Melissa (Hurracanum)|Melissa]], unum e fortissimis hurracanis umquam in oceano Atlantico observatis, [[Iamaica]]m insulam aggreditur. [[File:Sanae_Takaichi_2025.jpg|80px|right|[[Sanae Takaichi]]]] * 21 Octobris: [[Sanae Takaichi]] prima ministrix Iaponiae eligitur. [[File:María Corina Machado perfil retouched.jpg|right|80px|[[Maria Corina Machado]]]] [[Fasciculus:Diadème de la parure de la reine Marie-Amélie et de la Reine Hortense - Musée du Louvre Objets d'art OA 11030.jpg|80px|right|Diadema [[Maria Amalia de Neapoli-Sicilia|Mariae Amaliae]] reginae e Lupara raptum]] * 19 Octobris: Quattuor homines paucis minutis octo pretiosissima ornamenta regalia et imperialia gemmis completa e [[Museum Luparense|museo Luparensi]] rapiunt. * 10 Octobris: [[Maria Corina Machado|Mariae Corinae Machado]] [[praemium Nobelianum pacis]] attribuitur. [[Fasciculus:Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023 - 07.jpg|80px|right|[[Gaza]] urbs]] * 9 Octobris: Factio [[Hamasia]] finem [[Bellum Israëlianum-Hamasianum anni 2023|belli]] annuntiat. * 30 Iulii: [[Terrae motus]] magnitudinis 8.8 litora [[Camtschatca]]e et [[Curiles|insularum Curilensium]] concutit; [[portus]] Urbis Curilensis Borealis (''Severo-Kuril'sk'') [[megacyma]]te devastatur. Mense Augusto ineunte post terrae motum [[mons Fontinalis]] et [[mons Krascheninnikovii]] erumpunt. jcw6vv9cwwowamms9p8grd7vozb0wje 3957412 3957313 2026-04-28T11:51:52Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 /* 2025 */ 3957412 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude> {{Compendia paginae|VP:N}} Contenta huius paginae in [[Vicipaedia:Pagina prima|Pagina prima]] ostenduntur. NB: eodem tempore, quo hic nuntium quemque addis, eandem rem in pagina [[2026]] adde aut sub "Eventis" aut sub "Mortuis"</noinclude> ==2026== [[Fasciculus:Sabastian Sawe (KEN) 2025.jpg|90px|right|Sebastianus Sawe]] * 26 Aprilis: [[Sebastianus Sawe]] Londinii primus homo [[Cursus Marathonius|cursum Marathonium]] minore tempore quam duabus horis perficit. [[Fasciculus:Artemis II patch.svg|90px|right|Emblema missionis cum nominibus astronautarum]] * 6 Aprilis: [[Programma Artemis|Artemis II]] cum quattuor astronautis Lunam circumvolat et 11 Aprilis feliciter in Tellurem revertitur. [[Fasciculus:Mojtaba Khamenei 2019.jpg|90px|right|Mojtaba Khamenei]] * 8 Martii: [[Mojtaba Khamenei|Mojtaba Husainus Khamenei]], [[Ali Khamenei|Alii]] necati filius, magnus dux [[Irania]]e eligitur. [[Fasciculus:Middle East strikes, February 2026.png|90px|right|Tabula bombardamentorum Februarii anni 2026]] * 28 Februarii: Civitas [[Israël]] et [[Civitates Foederatae]] impetum [[bomba]]rum ad [[Irania]]m faciunt, illum impetum praeemptivum appellantes. * 21 Februarii: Bellum inter [[Afghania]] et [[Pakistania]] erumpit. [[Fasciculus:2026 Winter Olympics logo.svg|90px|right|[[Olympia hiemalia 2026]]]] * 6 Februarii: [[Olympia hiemalia 2026|Olympia hiemalia]] in [[Italia]] simul [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]], [[Cortina Ampecanorum|Cortinae Ampecanorum]], [[Pralatium|Pralatii]], [[Livignum|Livigni]] et [[Resinae|Ante Silvam]] patefiunt. * 2–6 Februarii: [[Curdistania Syriaca|Curdistaniam Syriacam]] [[Ahmedus Husainus al-Shara|rectio Damasci nova]] sibi adiungit. * 22 Ianuarii: [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] ab [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|Ordine Mundi Sanitarii]] se recedunt. * 15 Ianuarii: [[Vicipaedia]], anno 2001 a [[Iacobus Wales|Iacobo Wales]] et [[Laurentius Sanger|Laurentio Sanger]] condita, annum vicesimum quintum celebrat. [[Fasciculus:Leo XIV (june 2025).jpg|80px|right|[[Leo XIV]]]] * 6 Ianuarii: [[Leo XIV|Leo papa XIV]] [[Iubilaeum anni 2025]] claudit. [[Fasciculus:Nicolas Maduro on December 31, 2025 (cropped2).jpg|80px|right|[[Nicolaus Maduro]]]] * 3 Ianuarii: [[Nicolaus Maduro]] [[Venetiola]]e praeses a militibus [[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum]] raptus est, [[Caracae]] multis ictibus affliguntur. == 2025 == * 28 Novembris: Leo XIV [[papa]] in loco [[Concilium Nicaenum Primum|concilii Nicaeni]] [[Bartholomaeus I|Bartholomaeum]] patriarcham convenit et admonet, ut dissensiones superarentur. [[Fasciculus:A "pillar" formed by the flame on a building during 2025 Tai Po apartment fire.jpg|80px|right|Incendium domorum altarum in Hogkongi vico Taipo]] * 26 Novembris: Hongcongi incendium complurum domorum praealtarum in [[Hongcongum|Hongcongi]] vico Taipo exardescit. Saltem 123 homines necantur. [[Fasciculus:Sagrada Família side view.jpg|right|80px|[[Basilica Sanctae Familiae]]]] * 31 Octobris: [[Basilica Sanctae Familiae]] [[Barcino]]nensis nunc altissima ecclesiarum Christianarum est 162.9 m habens et ecclesia cathedrali [[Ulma|Ulmensi]] altior; sed aedificatio nondum perfecta est. * 28 Octobris: [[Melissa (Hurracanum)|Melissa]], unum e fortissimis hurracanis umquam in oceano Atlantico observatis, [[Iamaica]]m insulam aggreditur. [[File:Sanae_Takaichi_2025.jpg|80px|right|[[Sanae Takaichi]]]] * 21 Octobris: [[Sanae Takaichi]] prima ministrix Iaponiae eligitur. [[File:María Corina Machado perfil retouched.jpg|right|80px|[[Maria Corina Machado]]]] [[Fasciculus:Diadème de la parure de la reine Marie-Amélie et de la Reine Hortense - Musée du Louvre Objets d'art OA 11030.jpg|80px|right|Diadema [[Maria Amalia de Neapoli-Sicilia|Mariae Amaliae]] reginae e Lupara raptum]] * 19 Octobris: Quattuor homines paucis minutis octo pretiosissima ornamenta regalia et imperialia gemmis completa e [[Museum Luparense|museo Luparensi]] rapiunt. * 10 Octobris: [[Maria Corina Machado|Mariae Corinae Machado]] [[praemium Nobelianum pacis]] attribuitur. [[Fasciculus:Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023 - 07.jpg|80px|right|[[Gaza]] urbs]] * 9 Octobris: Factio [[Hamasia]] finem [[Bellum Israëlianum-Hamasianum anni 2023|belli]] annuntiat. * 30 Iulii: [[Terrae motus]] magnitudinis 8.8 litora [[Camtschatca]]e et [[Curiles|insularum Curilensium]] concutit; [[portus]] Urbis Curilensis Borealis (''Severo-Kuril'sk'') [[megacyma]]te devastatur. Mense Augusto ineunte post terrae motum [[mons Fontinalis]] et [[mons Krascheninnikovii]] erumpunt. jjmh1lbpdqasy4lb0g5mspqol0zaqcv 0 204772 3957401 3863650 2026-04-28T11:01:35Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Robertus Lee Frost''' ([[26 Martii]] [[1874]]—[[29 Ianuarii]] [[1963]]) fuit [[poeta]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]]. Cuius opera primum in [[Anglia]] postea in [[America]] prolata sunt. Ob [[realitas|veritatem imitantes]] [[vita]]e [[rus]]ticae depictiones et eius facultatem humilis sermonis [[Americani]] scribendi magnopere laudatur.<ref name=britannica>{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia= Encyclopædia Britannica | title=Robert Frost | url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9035504/Robert-Frost | edition=Online edition | year=[[2008]] | publisher= | accessdate=2008-12-21}}.</ref> In operibus suis saepe ad condiciones vitae rusticae in [[Nova Anglia]] [[saeculum 20|saeculo vicensimo]] ineunte recurrit, quibus utitur ad investiganda multa et varia [[thema (litterae)|themata]] [[societas humana|socialia]] et [[philosophia|philosophica]]. Ipse, unus ex populo gratissimis et a [[iudicium litterarium|criticis litterariis]] honoratis poetis saeculi vicensimi,<ref name="Stine 1983 110">Jean C. Stine, Bridget Broderick, et Daniel G. Marowski, eds., ''Contemporary Literary Criticism,'' vol. 26 (Detroiti: Gale Research, 1983), 110.</ref> saepe celebratus est vivus, quattuor [[Praemium Pulitzeranum|praemia Pulitzerana poesis]] accipiens, unus ex raris [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] "personis [[litterae|litterariis]] publicis, paene institutio [[ars|artisticus]]."<ref>[[Anglice]]: "public literary figures, almost an artistic institution,"</ref><ref name="Stine 1983 110"/> Ob opera poetica [[Index quorum Clipeum Aureum Congressionalem accipierunt|Clipeum Aureum Congressionalem]] anno [[1960]] accepit. == Vita == === Iuvenis === [[Fasciculus:Robertfrostfarm.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Robert Frost Farm (Derry, New Hampshire)|Robert Frost Farm]] in [[Derry, New Hampshire]], ubi multa suorum poematum duxit, inter quae "Tree at My Window" et "Mending Wall."]] Robertus Frost [[Franciscopolis|Franciscopoli]] [[California]]e natus est, [[pater|patre]] Gulielmo Prescott Frost minore, [[mater|matre]] Isabella Moodie.<ref name=britannica/> Mater fuit progenies [[Scoti]]ca, pater progenies Nicolai Frost ex [[Tivertonia]] [[Anglia]]e, qui ad [[Nova Hantonia|Novam Hantoniam]] in ''Wolfrana'' anno [[1634]] [[navigatio|navigaverat]]. Pater fuit praeceptor et deinde [[editor principalis|editor]] [[diarium|diarii]] ''San Francisco Evening Bulletin.'' Quo autem die [[5 Maii]] [[1885]] mortuo, [[familia]] trans [[continens|continentem]] ad [[oppidum Novae Angliae|oppidum]] {{Creanda|en|Lawrence, Massachusetts|Lawrence}} Massachusettae migravit, sub aegide Gulielmi Frost Senioris, Roberti avi, qui inspector in pistrino fuit. Robertus diploma Scholae Superioris Lawrence anno [[1892]] accepit.<ref>Eugene Ehrlich, et Gorton Carruth, ''The Oxford Illustrated Literary Guide to the United States,'' vol. 50 (Nobi Eboraci: Oxford University Press, 1982, ISBN 0-19-503186-5).}</ref> Mater se cum [[Swedenborgianismus|ecclesia Swedenborgiana]] consociavit, et fecit ut Robertus in ea [[baptismus|baptizaretur]], sed adultus hanc [[ecclesia]]m reliquit. Frost, quamquam ob consociationem cum [[vita]] rustica notus, in [[urbs|urbe]] adolevit, et suum [[poema]] primum in [[periodicum|magazina]] [[schola superior|scholae superioris]] protulit. [[Collegium Dartmuthense]] tantum binos menses frequentavit. Frost [[domus|domum]] rediit ut doceat et varia opera quaerat, inter quae matrem ut [[puer]]os doceret adiuvans, [[diarium|diaria]] prodens, et in [[fabrica (officina)|fabrica]] filamentorum [[lumen|arciluminum]] [[carbo]]nis mutator laborans. Haec opera ei displicuerunt, quia credebat suum munus verum esse [[poesis]]. === Adultus === [[Fasciculus: Robert Frost NYWTS.jpg|thumb|Robertus Frost anno 1941 a Frederico Palumbo, photographo diarii ''[[New York World-Telegram]]'', lucis ope pictus ([[Bibliotheca Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum|Bibliotheca Congressus]])]] [[Fasciculus:Robert Frost NYWTS 5.jpg|thumb|Robertus Frost anno [[1959]] octogesimum quintum anniversarium suum celebrans, a Gualtero Albertin, photographo ''[[New York World-Telegram]]'', pictus ([[Bibliotheca Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum|Bibliotheca Congressus]]).]] Frost anno [[1894]] "My Butterfly. An Elegy," suum primum poema, [[quindecim]] [[dollarium|dollariis]] vendidit, in editione octava Novembris [[periodicum|magazinae]] ''New York Independent'' prolatum. Sibi sic placens, [[matrimonium]] Eleanorae Miriamae White proposuit, sed ea haesitabat, ut se cursum [[A.B.|baccalareatum]] in [[Universitas Sancti Laurentii|Universitate Sancti Laurentii]] ante matrimonium finiret. Frost tum iter ad [[Magna Palus Maestus|Magnam Paludem Maestam]] in [[Virginia]] fecit, et reditus iterum Eleanoram rogavit. Quae, nunc graduata, volens, coniuges in oppido [[Lawrence (Massachusetta)|Lawrence]] [[Massachusetta]]e die [[19 Decembris]] [[1895]] matrimonio coniuncti sunt. [[Fasciculus:Robert Frost's epitaph.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|"I had a lover's quarrel with the world." [[Epitaphium]] in sepulcro scalptum est pars poematis "The Lesson for Today."]] Frost [[Collegium Harvardianum]] ab 1897 ad 1899 frequentavit, sed studiis ob [[morbus|aegritudinem]] desistitit.<ref name="TutenZubizarreta2001">Nancy Lewis Tuten et John Zubizarreta, ''The Robert Frost Encyclopedia'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-313-29464-8), 145: "Halfway through the spring semester of his second year, Dean Briggs released him from Harvard without prejudice, lamenting the loss of so good a student."</ref><ref name="Parini2000">{{cite book|author=Jay Parini|title=Robert Frost: A Life|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rHWqRHJiAlwC&pg=PA12-IA9|year=2000|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=978-0-8050-6341-7|pages=64–65}}.</ref><ref name="Meyers1996">Jeffrey Meyers, [http://books.google.com/books?id=aMxkAAAAMAAJ ''Robert Frost: A Biography'' (Novi Eboraci: Houghton Mifflin, 1996): "Frost remained at Harvard until March of his sophomore year, when he decamped in the middle of a term."</ref> Moribundus poetae [[avus]] [[Fundus Roberti Frost (Derae Novae Hantoniae)|fundum]] pro Roberto et Eleanorá in vico [[Derae (Nova Hantonia)|Deris]] [[Nova Hantonia|Novae Hantoniae]] emit, ubi Robertus fundum [[novem]] annos tractabat, cum multo mane multa componeret ex poematibus quae [[famosus|famosa]] fierent. Fundo tandem deficiente, Frost ad [[academia]]m revertus est, ac [[lingua Anglica|Anglicam]] in [[Academia Pinkertoniana]] in Nova Hantonia ab [[1906]] ad [[1911]], tum in Schola Normali Novae Hantoniae (nunc [[Universitas Civica Plimmutensis]]) in vico [[Plimmuta (Nova Hantonia)|Plimmuta]] Novae Hantioniae) docuit. [[Fasciculus:RobertFrost.jpg|thumb|[[Pittacium cursuale]] Civitatum Foederatatum Robertum Frost honoravit, [[1974]].]] Frost cum [[familia]] anno [[1912]] ad [[Magna Britannia|Magnam Britanniam]] [[navigatio|navigavit]], se primum [[Beaconsfield]] in [[oppidum|oppidulo]] extra [[Londinium]] consedens. Suus primus poematum [[liber]], ''[[A Boy's Will]],'' proximo anno prolatus est. In Anglia in homines magni momenti incidit, inter quos [[Eduardus Thomas]] (sodalis gregis [[Poetae Dymockenses]] appellati), [[T. E. Hulme]], et [[Ezra Pound]]. Quamquam Pound factus est primus [[Americanus]] qui commodam libri recognitionem protulit, Frost ad ultimum conatus Poundianos ad tractandam suam [[prosodia]]m [[America]]nam in malam partem accepit. Frost in multos suae aetatis poetas in [[Anglia]] incidit, praecipue postquam sua volumina poesis Londinii annis [[1913]] (''A Boy's Will'') et [[1914]] (''North of Boston'') prolata erant. [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum I|Magno Bello]] conflato, Frost ad Americam anno [[1915]] rediit, et fundum [[Franconia (Nova Hantonia)|Franconiae]] Novae Hantoniae emit, ubi cursum scribendi, docendi, acroases habendi coepit. Hoc domicilium familiare fuit domus [[aestas|aestiva]] usque ad [[1938]]. Hodie nomine [[The Frost Place]] conservatur, [[museum]] et locus conventuum poesi dicatorum. Per annos [[1916]]–[[1920]], [[1923]]–[[1924]], et [[1927]]–[[1938]], Frost [[lingua Anglica|Anglicam]] in [[Collegium Amherst|Collegio Amherst]] in Massachusetta docuit, discipulos insigniter adhortans ut ei sescentos fere [[sonus|sonos]] et [[tonus|intonationes]] [[lingua Anglica]]e dictae in eorum scriptis accommodarent. Talem accessum ad [[lingua]]m appellabat [[sonus|sonum]] [[sensus (biologia)|sensualem]] appellavit.<ref>[[Anglice]]: "the sound of sense."</ref><ref name="www.learner.org series57">[http://www.learner.org/resources/series57.html "Voices and Visions,"] in ''Robert Frost'' (Novi Eboraci: PBS, 1988).</ref> [[Fasciculus:Robert Frost's Grave.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Sepulcrum]] familiae Frostianae in Coemeterio Vetere [[Benningtonia]]no.]] Frost anno [[1924]], primum ex [[quattuor]] [[Praemium Pulitzeranum|praemia Pulitzerana]] abstulit ob librum ''New Hampshire: A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes.'' Alia praemia Pulitzerana comprobaverunt ''Collected Poems'' (1931), ''A Further Range'' (1937), et ''A Witness Tree'' (1943).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160104203419/http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Poetry Pulitzer Prize Website].</ref> Frost anno [[1940]] tractum [[ager (mensura)|agrorum]] quinque [[Miamia|Miamiae Meridianae]] [[Florida]]e situs emit, quod Pencil Pines ('[[Pinus|Pini]] [[stilus|stilorum]]') appellavit, ubi reliquium suae vitae [[hiems|hiemabat]].<ref>Helen Muir, ''Frost in Florida'' (Valiant Press, 1995, ISBN 0-9633461-6-4), 41.</ref> Inter suas proprietates etiam fuerunt [[Domus Roberti Frost|domus]] in Via Brewster [[Cantabrigia (Massachusetta)|Cantabrigiae]] [[Massachusetta]]e, quae hodie ad National Historic Register pertinet. Interdum [[Caio Os|Caionem Os]] visitavit, ubi de variis rebus cum [[Wallace Stevens]] iracunde disputavit. Frost, quamquam numquam gradum [[A.B.]] meruerat, plus quadraginta gradus [[academia|academicos]] honoris causa accepit, inter quos gradus ex [[universitas|universitatibus]] [[Universitas Princetoniensis|Princetonia]], [[Universitas Oxoniensis|Oxonia]], et [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Cantabrigiae]], ac Frost fuit solus homo qui duos gradus honorarios ex [[Collegium Dartmuthense|Collegio Dartmuthensi]] accepit. Poetá iam vivo, Schola Media Roberti Frost [[Fairfax (Virginia)|Fairfax]] in oppido [[Virginia]]e, Schola Robert L. Frost School [[Lawrence (Massachusetta)|Lawrence]] in oppido [[Massachusetta]]e, et maxima [[Collegii Amherst]] [[bibliotheca]] ex eo appellatae sunt. Frost anno [[1960]] [[Clipeus Aureus Congressionalis|Clipeum Aureum Congressionalem]] Civitatum Foederatarum accepit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723055434/http://artandhistory.house.gov/house_history/goldMedal.aspx Office of the Clerk - U.S. House of Representatives, Congressional Gold Medal Recipients].</ref> Frost anno aetatis suae 86 poema notissimum "[[The Gift Outright]]" pro [[Ioannes F. Kennedy|Preside Ioanne F. Kennedy]] die [[20 Ianuarii]] [[1961]] inaugurato legit. [[Bostonia]]e obiit [[duo|binos]] annos post, die [[29 Ianuarii]] [[1963]]. [[Corpus]] in Coemeterio Vetere Bennington in oppido [[Bennington (Mons Viridis)|Bennington]] [[Mons Viridis|Montis Viridis]] sepultus est. [[Epitaphium]] ultimum versum poematis "The Lesson for Today" (1942) citat: "I had a lover's quarrel with the world." === Singula === Vita poetae plena fuit sollicitudinis, doloris, damni. Anno [[1885]], anno poetae aetatis [[undecim]]o, [[pater]] [[phthisis|phthisi]] obiit, tantum [[octo]] [[dollarium (CFA)|dollaria]] [[familia]]e relinquens. [[Mater]] [[cancer|cancro]] anno [[1900]] mortua est. Frost anno [[1920]] Jeanie [[soror]]em in [[valetudinarium]] committere debuit, ubi mortua est novem annos post. [[Morbus mentis]] ut videtur in [[familia]] abundabat: ipse et mater [[depressio (psychiatria)|depressione]] passi sunt, et Irma [[filia]] in [[valetudinarium]] commissa est anno [[1940]]. Elinor [[uxor]] tempora depressionis quoque passa est.<ref name = Frost/> Elinor et Robertus Frost [[sex]] liberos habuerunt: Elliot [[filius|filium]] (1896–1904, [[cholera]] mortuum); Lesley Frost Ballantine [[filia]] (1899–1983); Carolum filium (1902–1940, qui sibi [[mors|mortem]] conscivit); Irma filiam (1903–1967); Marjorie filiam (1905–1934, [[febris puerperis|febre puerpere]] mox post partum mortuam); et Elinor Bettina filiam (tres dies post partum anno 1907 mortuam). Soli Lesley et Irma patrem superfuerunt. [[Uxor]] poetae, quae [[morbus|morbum]] [[apparatus circulatorius|apparatus circulatorii]] omnem per [[vita]]m passa erat, [[cancer mammae|cancroque mammae]] anno [[1937]] adfecta, [[defectio cordis|defectione cordis]] anno [[1938]] obiit.<ref name="Frost">Robert Frost, ''Collected Poems, Prose, & Plays,'' ed. Richard Poirier et Mark Richardson, (Novi Eboraci: Library of America, 1995, ISBN 1-883011-06-X), The Library of America, no. 81.</ref> == Opera == === Modus et responsum criticum === [[Randall Jarrell]], poeta et [[iudicium litterarium|criticus]], poemata Frostiana saepe laudavit, qui scripsit: "Robert Frost, cum [[Wallace Stevens|Stevens]] et [[T. S. Eliot|Eliot]], mihi videtur maximus ex [[Americani]]s huius [[saeculum|saeculi]] poetis. Suae [[virtus|virtutes]] sunt extraordinariae. Nemo poeta vivus tam bene de factis hominum communium scripsit; eius mirabiles [[monologus|monologi dramatici]] vel [[scaena|scaenae dramaticae]] ex [[intellegentia]] hominum quam paucis poetis fuerunt, et [[versus|versibus]] componuntur qui, aliquando absolutam victoriam monstrantes, [[rhythmus|rhythmis]] verae [[oratio]]nis utuntur."<ref>[[Anglice]]: "Robert Frost, along with [[Wallace Stevens|Stevens]] and [[T. S. Eliot|Eliot]], seems to me the greatest of the American poets of this century. Frost's virtues are extraordinary. No other living poet has written so well about the actions of ordinary men; his wonderful dramatic monologues or dramatic scenes come out of a knowledge of people that few poets have had, and they are written in a verse that uses, sometimes with absolute mastery, the rhythms of actual speech."</ref> Etiam laudavit "gravitatem et probitatem Frostianas," dicens Frost praesertim esse sollertem latitudinis [[experientia]]e humanae in poematibus repraesentatae.<ref>Randall Jarrell, "Fifty Years of American Poetry" in ''No Other Book: Selected Essays'' (Novi Eboraci: HarperCollins, 1999).</ref> Scripta Jarrelliana comprehendunt commentarios "Robert Frost's 'Home Burial'" (1962), qui consistit in attenta illius poematis lectione dilata, et "To The Laodiceans" (1952), in quo Jarrell poetam defendit contra [[iudicium litterarium|criticos litterarios]] qui Frost accusaverat quod nimis "translaticius" et [[modernismus|poesis modernisticae]] insuetus fuisset. Jarrell scripsit: "usitatae poesis Frostianae investigatae rationes sunt immanes simplificationes, distortiones, falsificationes: bene scire eius poesim debet satis, per se, ullas dispellere, et necessitatem patefacere alius viae inveniendae de operibus eius disceptare."<ref>[[Anglice]] "the regular ways of looking at Frost's poetry are grotesque simplifications, distortions, falsifications—coming to know his poetry well ought to be enough, in itself, to dispel any of them, and to make plain the necessity of finding some other way of talking about his work."</ref> Et lectiones attentae Jarrellianae poematis "Neither Out Too Far Nor In Too Deep" aliorumque poematum lectores iudicesque duxerunt ad percipiendum plus rerum multiplicium in poesi Fristiana.<ref>Randall Jarrell, "To The Laodiceans" in ''No Other Book: Selected Essays'' (Novi Eboraci: HarperCollins, 1999).</ref><ref>Randall Jarrell, "Robert Frost's 'Home Burial'" in ''No Other Book: Selected Essays'' (Novi Eboraci: HarperCollins, 1999).</ref> [[Brad Leithauser]] in praefatione libri Jarrelliani ait, "'alius' Frost quem Jarrel post comem et domesticum [[Nova Anglia|Novae Anglicae]] rusticum discrevit—Frost 'obscurum', qui desperatus, territus, fortis erat—Frost factus est quem nos omnes agnoscere didicimus, et poemata vix nota quae Jarrell pro basi canonis Frostianae elegit nunc in plurimis [[anthologia|anthologiis]] inveni possunt."<ref>[[Anglice]]: "The 'other' Frost that Jarrell discerned behind the genial, homespun New England rustic—the 'dark' Frost who was desperate, frightened, and brave—has become the Frost we've all learned to recognize, and the little-known poems Jarrell singled out as central to the Frost canon are now to be found in most anthologies."</ref><ref>Brad Leithauser, "Introduction," in ''No Other Book: Selected Essays'' (Novi Eboraci: HarperCollins, 1999).</ref><ref>Cary Nelson, ''Anthology of Modern American Poetry'' (Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN 0-19-512270-4), 84.</ref> Jarrell Frostiana perscribit poemata quae putat superbissima, inter quae "The Witch of Coös," "Home Burial," "A Servant to Servants," "Directive," "Neither Out Too Far Nor In Too Deep," "Provide, Provide," "Acquainted with the Night," "After Apple Picking," "Mending Wall," "The Most of It," "An Old Man's Winter Night," "To Earthward," "Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening," "Spring Pools," "The Lovely Shall Be Choosers," "Design," et "Desert Places."<ref>Randall Jarrell, "Fifty Years of American Poetry" (HarperCollins, 1999).</ref> Carolus McGrath [[iudicium litterarium|iudex litterarius]] anno [[2003]] observavit [[iudicium litterarium|iudicia litteraria]] poesis Frostianae in annos mutata est (ut sua imago publica mutata est). In commentario "The Vicissitudes of Literary Reputation," McGrath scripsit: "Robert Frost . . . tempore [[mors|mortis]] anno [[1963]] plerumque habebatur plebeius Novae Angliae. . . . Anno [[1977]], tertium [[biographia]]e Laurentii Thompson [[volumen]] proposuit Frost fuisse opus multo turpius quam aliquis animo finxerat; paucos annos post, ob aestimationes novas iudicum sicut Gulielmus H. Pritchard et [[Haroldus Bloom]], et poetarum iuvenum sicut [[Iosephus Brodsky]], resiluit, hoc tempore [[modernismus|modernista]] frigidus et implacabilis."<ref>[[Anglice]]: "Robert Frost . . . at the time of his death in 1963 was generally considered to be a New England folkie. . . . In 1977, the third volume of Lawrance Thompson's biography suggested that Frost was a much nastier piece of work than anyone had imagined; a few years later, thanks to the reappraisal of critics like Gulielmus H. Pritchard and Harold Bloom and of younger poets like Joseph Brodsky, he bounced back again, this time as a bleak and unforgiving modernist."</ref><ref>Charles McGrath, "The Vicissitudes of Literary Reputation," ''The New York Times Magazine,'' [[15 Iunii]] [[2003]].</ref> [[Editor principalis|Editores]] [[Ricardus Ellmann]] et Robertus O'Clair in ''The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry'' comparaverunt unicum poetae modum cum operibus poetae [[Eduinus Arlington Robinson|Eduini Arlington Robinson]] quia ambo poetae locis in Nova Anglia in eorum poematibus uti solebant; ei autem dicunt poesim Frostianam fuisse "minus [prudens] litterariam," fortasse ob pondus [[Thomas Hardy]], [[Gulielmus Butler Yeats|Gulielmi Butler Yeats]], et aliorum [[scriptor]]um [[Anglia|Anglicorum]] et [[Hibernia|Hibernicorum]]. Praeterea dicunt poemata Frostiana "exhibere felicem contentionem totius sermonis quotidiani"<ref>[[Anglice]]: "show a successful striving for utter colloquialism."</ref> et semper familiaria manere conantur cum formis usitatis uterentur, contra inclinationem poesis Americanae ad [[versus liber|versum liberum]], quem Frost insigniter dixit esse "sicut [[tenisia]] sine rete lusa."<ref>[[Anglice]]: "like playing tennis without a net."</ref><ref name="Ellman 1988.">Richard Ellman et Robert O'Clair, ''The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry,'' ed. 2a (Novi Eboraci: Norton, 1988).</ref> [[Societas Fundata Poesis]] eandem sententiam in explicatione stili Frostiani defendit, eius opera ponens "ad quadrivium poesis Americanae [[saeculum 19|saeculi undevicensimi]] [de usu formarum a maioribus traditarum] et [[modernismus|modernismi]] [in usu proprietatum linguae<!--idioms--> et materiae usitatae et quotidianae]."<ref>[[Anglice]]: "at the crossroads of nineteenth-century American poetry [with regard to his use of traditional forms] and modernism [with his use of idiomatic language and ordinary, every day subject matter]."</ref> Ei etiam observant Frost credidisse [[metrum]] in forma finitum<ref>[[Anglice]]:"the self-imposed restrictions of meter in form."</ref> fuisse plus utile quam noxium, quia animum ad materiam suorum poematum attendere potuit pro sollicitudine novarum formarum versuum creatarum.<ref>[http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/robert-frost "Robert Frost,] www.poetryfoundationlorg (Societatis Fundatae Poesis.</ref> === [[Thema (litterae)|Themata]] === Editores libri ''Contemporary Literary Criticism'' aiunt: "Optimum opus Frostianum principales [[exsistentia]]e quaestiones investigat, [[solitudo|solitudinem]] singuli in [[universum|universo]] neglegente hominis algore terribili depingens."<ref name="Stine 1983 110 129">''Contemporary Literary Criticism,'' ed. Jean C. Stine, Bridget Broderick, et Daniel G. Marowski (Detroiti: Gale Research, 1983, vol. 26), 110–129.</ref> Criticus T. K. Whipple hoc frigus in opere Frostiano vehementius dixit, cum diceret: "in multo eius operis, praecipue in ''North of Boston,'' suo libro asperrimo, obscuram vitae in Nova Anglia rustica scaenam vehementius dicit, ubi dedecus saepe in [[insania]] tota conlabitur." <ref name="Stine 1983 110 129"/> E contrario, [[Harrietta Monroe]], conditor et [[editor principalis|editor]] magazinae ''[[Poetry (magazina)|Poetry]],'' rustica [[Nova Anglia|Novae Angliae]] [[persona]] in operibus Frostianis vehementius dixit cum scriberet: "fortasse nemo poeta alius in nostra [[historia]] optimum ingenii Yankee tam plane in libro posuit."<ref>[[Anglice]]: "perhaps no other poet in our history has put the best of the Yankee spirit into a book so completely."</ref><ref name="Stine 1983 110 129"/> Observavit praeterea frequentem locorum rusticorum vitaeque agrariae usum, et ei placebat quod Frost in his poematibus "effectu humano ad rationes [[natura]]e exhibito maxime delectatur."<ref>[[Anglice]]: "showing the human reaction to nature's processes."</ref> Ea etiam dicit, cum poemata [[narratio|narrativa]] Frostiana in [[persona|personis]] condita saepe [[satura|satirica]] sint, Frost ipsum "humorem misericordem" semper habere, qui ad suas res spectat.<ref name="Stine 1983 110 129"/> == Praemia Pulitzerana == * 1924, ''New Hampshire: A Poem With Notes and Grace Notes'' * 1931, ''Collected Poems'' * 1937, ''A Further Range'' * 1943, ''A Witness Tree'' == Opera selecta == === Congeries poematum === * ''A Boy's Will'' (David Nutt 1913; Holt, 1915)<ref>[http://www.bartleby.com/117/ Frost, Robert. 1915. A Boy's Will]</ref> * ''North of Boston'' (David Nutt, 1914; Holt, 1914) ** "Mending Wall" * ''Mountain Interval'' (Holt, 1916) ** "The Road Not Taken" * ''Selected Poems'' (Holt, 1923)<!-- :Includes poems from first three volumes and the poem ''The Runaway''--> * ''New Hampshire'' (Holt, 1923; Grant Richards, 1924) * ''Several Short Poems'' (Holt, 1924)[http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1389446?tab=details] * ''Selected Poems'' (Holt, 1928) * ''West-Running Brook'' (Holt, 1928? 1929) * ''The Lovely Shall Be Choosers,'' ''The Poetry Quartos,'' a Paulo Johnston adumbrata et impressa (Random House, 1929) * ''Collected Poems of Robert Frost'' (Holt, 1930; Longmans, Green, 1930) * ''The Lone Striker'' (Knopf, 1933) * ''Selected Poems: Third Edition'' (Holt, 1934) * ''Three Poems'' (Baker Library, Collegium Dartmuthense, 1935) * ''The Gold Hesperidee'' (Bibliophile Press, 1935) * ''From Snow to Snow'' (Holt, 1936) * ''A Further Range'' (Holt, 1936; Cape, 1937) * ''Collected Poems of Robert Frost'' (Holt, 1939; Longmans, Green, 1939) * ''A Witness Tree'' (Holt, 1942; Cape, 1943) * ''Come In, and Other Poems'' (1943) * ''Steeple Bush'' (Holt, 1947) * ''Complete Poems of Robert Frost'', 1949 (Holt, 1949; Cape, 1951) * ''Hard Not To Be King'' (House of Books, 1951) * ''Aforesaid'' (Holt, 1954) * ''A Remembrance Collection of New Poems'' (Holt, 1959) * ''You Come Too'' (Holt, 1959; Bodley Head, 1964) * ''In the Clearing'' (Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1962) * ''The Poetry of Robert Frost'' (Novi Eboraci, 1969) * ''A Further Range'' (''Further Range'' impressa 1926, ''New Poems'' ab Holt, 1936; Cape, 1937) * ''What Fifty Said'' * ''Fire And Ice'' * ''A Drumlin Woodchuck'' === Ludi scaenici === * ''A Way Out: A One Act Play'' (Harbor Press, 1929) * ''The Cow's in the Corn: A One Act Irish Play in Rhyme'' (Slide Mountain Press, 1929). * ''A Masque of Reason'' (Holt, 1945) * ''A Masque of Mercy'' (Holt, 1947) === Libri orationis solutae === * ''The Letters of Robert Frost to Louis Untermeyer'' (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963; Cape, 1964). * ''Robert Frost and John Bartlett: The Record of a Friendship'', by Margaret Bartlett Anderson (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1963). * ''Selected Letters of Robert Frost'' (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1964). * ''Interviews with Robert Frost'' (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1966; Cape, 1967). * ''Family Letters of Robert and Elinor Frost'' (State University of New York Press, 1972). * ''Robert Frost and Sidney Cox: Forty Years of Friendship'' (University Press of New England, 1981). * ''The Notebooks of Robert Frost'', edited by Robert Faggen (Harvard University Press, Ianuario 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20091126114836/http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/FRONOT.html] === Omnibus volumes === * ''Collected Poems, Prose and Plays.'' [[1995]]. Ed. Richard Poirier. Library of America. ISBN 978-1-883011-06-2. === Verba dicta === * ''Robert Frost Reads His Poetry.'' [[1957]]. Caedmon Records TC1060. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * ''Burlington Free Press.'' [[2008]]. [http://www.burlingtonfreepress.com "Vandalized Frost house drew a crowd."] 8 Ianuarii. * Frost, Robert. [[1995]]. [http://www.ketzle.com/frost/frostbio.htm ''Collected Poems, Prose, & Plays.''] Ed. Richard Poirier et Mark Richardson. Library of America. ISBN 1-883011-06-X. * Meyers, Jeffrey. 1996. ''Robert Frost: a biography''. Bostoniae: Houghton Mifflin. * Poirier, Richard. [[1960]]. [http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4678/the-art-of-poetry-no-2-robert-frost Robert Frost, The Art of Poetry No. 2.] ''The Paris Review'' (aestate-autumno). * Pritchard, William H. [[2000]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20081216111024/http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/frost/life.htm ''Frost's Life and Career.''] * Taylor, Welford Dunaway. [[1996]]. ''Robert Frost and J. J. Lankes: Riders on Pegasus.'' Hanoveriae Novae Hantoniae: Dartmouth College Library. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Robert Frost|Robertum Frost}} * [http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/192 Biographia et poemata] (Academia Poetarum Americanorum) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081016003540/http://oyc.yale.edu/english/modern-poetry/content/sessions/lecture02.html Acroasis de Roberto Frost Yalensis] * [http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=2361 Biographia et poemata] (Societas Fundata Poesis) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081216122138/http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/frost/frost.htm Biographia] (Poesis Americana Hodierna) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090612052023/http://www.joneslibrary.org/specialcollections/collections/frost/frost_print.html#contact Congeries Roberti Frost] (Bibliotheca Jonesiana, Amherst Massachusettae) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111028162544/http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/amherst/ma181_main.html Congeries Roberti Frost,] asteria.fivecolleges.edu (Archiva et Congeries Praecipuae Collegii Amherst) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120614031002/http://www.frostplace.org/ The Frost Place] (museum et locus conventuum poesi dicatorum, Franconiae Novae Hantoniae) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060508122448/http://midddigital.middlebury.edu/local_files/robert_frost/index.html Robertus Frost apud Bread Loaf] (Collegium Middleburiense) * [http://robertfrostfarm.org Robert Frost Farm] (Derriae Novae Hantoniae) * [http://www.frostfoundation.org Societas Fundata Frostiana] * {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n79-5644}} * [http://town.hall.org/radio/HarperAudio/012294_harp_ITH.html Robertus Frost poemata legit (1956)] (Harper Audio) {{DEFAULTSORT:Frost, Robertus}} {{Myrias|Homines}} {{FA stella}} [[Categoria:Nati 1874]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1963]] [[Categoria:Alumni Collegii Dartmuthensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Harvardianae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Incolae Montis Viridis]] [[Categoria:Incolae Novae Hantoniae]] [[Categoria:Poetae Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Poetae formalistae]] [[Categoria:Poetae laureati Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Praemium Pulitzer]] [[Categoria:Professores Collegii Amherstiensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Collegii Medioburiensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Novae Scholae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Harvardianae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Michiganensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Scriptores scaenici Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Sodales Societatis Philosophicae Americanae]] h35r6ft9vb1so68wpaamw184j9dgmi6 0 205855 3957279 3862400 2026-04-27T16:06:28Z LilyKitty 18316 de Totii Orbis Instituto pro Proprietate Intellectuali et dominio iuris 3957279 wikitext text/x-wiki Quid sit '''dominium intellectuale''' ([[Francogallice]] ''propriété intellectuelle''), Conventio, quae instituit [[Totius Orbis Institutum pro Proprietate Intellectuali]]<ref>Ioannes Paulus Agricola, ''Lexicon terminorum iuridicorum et politicorum'', Verlag Alma Mater, Saarbrücken, 2008, sub voce ''WHO'', quae similis est ''WIPO''</ref> ([[Anglice]] ''"WIPO"'' ''World Intellectual Property Organization'') et Holmiae anno 1967 obsignata est, definit, nam dicit eam esse summam iurium pertinentium ad: # opera litterarum, artis et scientiae<ref>H. Noldin S. J., ''Quaestiones morales de principiis theologiae moralis'', Oeniponte, typis Fel. Rauch (C. Pustet), 1894, p. 324</ref>; # fabulas ab artificibus actas, phonogrammata atque acroamata; # inventa in omnibus campis ingenii humani; # discooperta scientifica; # typos industriae; # sigilla et nomina mercatoria; # tutelam contra aemulationem vitiosam. == De diplomatibus et sigillis mercatoriis == Ex iure naturae quilibet ius strictum habet ut sui ipsius ingenii et laboris adhibiti mercedem percipiat; ast cum illius mercedis limites ex mera lege naturali non apte definiri possint, recte et iuste tum lege positiva, tum pactis ex iure gentium constitutis definiuntur: illud ius ad laboris mercedem hodie lato sensu dominium industriae dicunt, seu '''dominium industriale''' ([[Francogallice]] ''propriété industrielle''). Limites illius dominii seu rectius iuris ad mercedem laboris praestiti ius positivum definire potest aut diplomate ([[Anglice]] ''patent''; [[Italice]] ''brevetto''), aut usu privilegiati sigilli mercatorii ([[Anglice]] trademark; [[Italice]] marchio). Diplomate industriae auctori aut inventori tantum ius aut privilegium conceditur artem aut industriam a se inventam exercendi. Quilibet ius sibi acquirere potest ut ipse solus res, quas aut confecit, aut vendit, sigillo suo mercatorio signet, dummodo condiciones lege statutas servaverit. Qui vero merces fraudulenter signatas sigillo, cuius usum privilegiatum alter habet, scienter aut vendit, aut vendendas exponit, paenis lege statutis afficitur. Praeterea cum usus prohibitus sigilli mercatorii sit actio illegitima, lege tribuitur facultas petendi reparationem illius damni, quod quis illegitimo illo usu subiit<ref>P. H. Marres, ''De iustitia secundum doctrinam theologicam et principia iuris recentioris, speciatim vero neederlandici'', Ruraemundae, typis J. J. Romen et fil., 1889, p. 30</ref>. == De Conventione Parisiorum == Pacto Parisiis inito<ref>''Convention internationale pour la protection de la propriété industrielle conclue à Paris le 20 Mars 1883''</ref> conventum fuit ut cives illarum nationum, quae conventioni adhaeserunt, in omnibus earum terris fruantur quod attinet ad diplomata, typos industriae, sigilla mercatoria iisdem iuribus ac gubernia ad industriae dominium protegendum civibus suis tribuunt aut tribuent<ref>''ibidem''</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Bouchoux, Deborah E. ''Intellectual Property: The Law of Trademarks, Copyrights, Patents, and Trade Secrets''. Novi Eboraci: Delmar, 2012. * Lessig, Lawrence. ''Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Creativity''. Novi Eboraci: Penguin, 2005. * McJohn, Stephen M. ''Examples & Explanations: Intellectual Property''. Novi Eboraci: Wolters Kluwer, 2015. * Torti, Valerio. ''Intellectual Property Rights and Competition in Standard Setting: Objectives and Tensions''. Londinii: Routledge, 2016. {{NexInt}} * [[Dominium (ius)]] * [[Dominium publicum]] * [[Ius auctoris]] * [[Inventum]] {{Myrias|Societas}} [[Categoria:Ius]] [[Categoria:Intellegentia]] [[Categoria:Ius auctoris]] 3deodu1wiodlimas2adwl3j6d981uyb 3957291 3957279 2026-04-27T16:25:40Z IacobusAmor 1163 Vicificanda &c. (10K) 3957291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} Quid{{dubsig}} sit{{dubsig}} '''dominium intellectuale''' ([[Francogallice]] ''propriété intellectuelle''), Conventio, quae instituit [[Totius Orbis Institutum pro Proprietate Intellectuali]]<ref>Ioannes Paulus Agricola, ''Lexicon terminorum iuridicorum et politicorum'' (Saarbrücken: Verlag Alma Mater, 2008), sub voce ''WHO'', quae similis est ''WIPO.''</ref> ([[Anglice]] ''"WIPO"'' ''World Intellectual Property Organization'') et [[Holmia]]e anno [[1967]] obsignata est, definit, nam dicit eam esse summam iurum pertinentium ad: # opera litterarum, artis et scientiae<ref>H. Noldin S. J., ''Quaestiones morales de principiis theologiae moralis'', Oeniponte, typis Fel. Rauch (C. Pustet), 1894, p. 324</ref>; # fabulas ab artificibus actas, phonogrammata atque acroamata; # inventa in omnibus campis ingenii humani; # discooperta scientifica; # typos industriae; # sigilla et nomina mercatoria; # tutelam contra aemulationem vitiosam. == De diplomatibus et sigillis mercatoriis == Ex iure naturae quilibet ius strictum habet ut sui ipsius ingenii et laboris adhibiti mercedem percipiat; ast cum illius mercedis limites ex mera lege naturali non apte definiri possint, recte et iuste tum lege positiva, tum pactis ex iure gentium constitutis definiuntur: illud ius ad laboris mercedem hodie lato sensu dominium industriae dicunt, seu '''dominium industriale''' ([[Francogallice]] ''propriété industrielle''). Limites illius dominii seu rectius iuris ad mercedem laboris praestiti ius positivum definire potest aut diplomate ([[Anglice]] ''patent''; [[Italice]] ''brevetto''), aut usu privilegiati [[sigillum mercatorium|sigilli mercatorii]] ([[Anglice]] ''trademark''; [[Italice]] ''marchio''). Diplomate industriae [[auctor]]i aut [[inventor]]i tantum ius aut privilegium conceditur artem aut industriam a se inventam exercendi. Quilibet ius sibi acquirere potest ut ipse solus res, quas aut confecit, aut vendit, sigillo suo mercatorio signet, dummodo condiciones lege statutas servaverit. Qui vero merces fraudulenter signatas sigillo, cuius usum privilegiatum alter habet, scienter aut vendit, aut vendendas exponit, paenis lege statutis afficitur. Praeterea cum usus prohibitus sigilli mercatorii sit actio illegitima, lege tribuitur facultas petendi reparationem illius damni, quod quis illegitimo illo usu subiit<ref>P. H. Marres, ''De iustitia secundum doctrinam theologicam et principia iuris recentioris, speciatim vero neederlandici'', Ruraemundae, typis J. J. Romen et fil., 1889, p. 30.</ref>. == De Conventione Parisiorum == Pacto Parisiis inito<ref>''Convention internationale pour la protection de la propriété industrielle conclue à Paris le 20 Mars 1883.''</ref> conventum fuit ut cives illarum nationum, quae conventioni adhaeserunt, in omnibus earum terris fruantur quod attinet ad diplomata, typos industriae, sigilla mercatoria iisdem iuribus ac gubernia ad industriae dominium protegendum civibus suis tribuunt aut tribuent<ref>''ibidem''</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Bouchoux, Deborah E. ''Intellectual Property: The Law of Trademarks, Copyrights, Patents, and Trade Secrets''. Novi Eboraci: Delmar, 2012. * Lessig, Lawrence. ''Free Culture: The Nature and Future of Creativity''. Novi Eboraci: Penguin, 2005. * McJohn, Stephen M. ''Examples & Explanations: Intellectual Property''. Novi Eboraci: Wolters Kluwer, 2015. * Torti, Valerio. ''Intellectual Property Rights and Competition in Standard Setting: Objectives and Tensions''. Londinii: Routledge, 2016. {{NexInt}} * [[Dominium (ius)]] * [[Dominium publicum]] * [[Inventum]] * [[Ius auctoris]] {{Myrias|Societas}} [[Categoria:Intellegentia]] [[Categoria:Ius]] [[Categoria:Ius auctoris]] gsw8g3ofifktuwyoe35vvfukl0sgkw4 0 208161 3957361 3954239 2026-04-28T01:40:32Z ~2026-25769-84 208616 3957361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Donaldus Ioannes Trumpius}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/nuntius.php?id=1278|title=ASSELBORN CURTIUM SERMONIS TRUMPIANI INSIMULAT|last1=Austriacus|first1=Volfgangus|year=|website=Ephemeris|date=31 Decembris [[2017]]}}: "Quo dicto eum Trumpii simillimum esse, qui dixisset universos postremo valere, si sibi ipsi quaeque civitas consuleret."</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ephemerisnuntii.eu/leolat/LITUANIA%20-%20LINGUA.pdf|title=EXERCITIA LITUANICO-LATINA - Dideli Elono Musko statymai už Donaldą Trumpą atsipirko, o JAV vyriausybės laukia „kieta“ reforma|last1=Aleškaitienė|first1=Živilė|year=|website=Ephemeris|date=7 Novembris [[2024]]|page=21}}: "Cum alii praedîcant utriusque viri morum peculiaritate exorturam esse discordiam, alii credunt, cum Trumpius admiretur Musci divitias enormes, relationem mansuram esse stabilem."</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ephemerisnuntii.eu/leolat/COLLECTANEA%20PAPALIA.pdf|title=Novus Papa verbis effert limites apertos, tutelam climatis, vaccinationes – Leo XIV. sententias profert politicas|last1=Gross|first1=Nicolaus|year=[[2025]]|website=Ephemeris|date=|page=14|last2=Zukowski|first2=Iris}}: "In planiformâ X novus Papa iam reprobavit rationem ''Trumpii'' et ''Vancei politicam immigrationis''. Etiam climati novus Papa magnam vim attribuere videtur."</ref> (natus ''Donald Ioannes ( Jude ) Trump'':= † † . => спецслужбы U.S. to Wjetnam und abschießen. Los.. [[Urbs Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] in urbe die [[14 Iunii]] [[1946]]) est quadragesimus septimus [[praeses Civitatum Foederatarum]], qui munus [[politicus|publicum]] a die [[20 Ianuarii]] [[2017]] ad [[20 Ianuarii|eundem diem]] anno [[2021]] sustinuit; iterum die [[20 Ianuarii]] [[2025]] sollemniter inauguratus est.<ref>[https://orf.at/live/5462-Trump-als-47-US-Praesident-vereidigt/ "Trump als 47. US-Präsident vereidigt"] - apud: ''orf.at,'' 20 Ianuarii 2025.</ref> Antequam [[respublica|rei publicae]] serviret, [[negotiator]] [[animator programmatis|animator]]que [[televisio|televisificus]] fuerat. [[Praediator]] et collocator praesesque [[Organizatio Trumpiana|Organizationis Trumpianae]] manet. Olim fuit animator ''[[The Apprentice (series televisifica Civitatum Foederatarum)|The Apprentice]],'' programmatis [[televisio|televisifici]]. Anno [[2016]] candidatus [[factio Republicana (CFA)|factionis Republicanae]] ad [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum|Praesidium Civitatum Foederatarum]], [[Michael Pence|Michaele Pence]], [[gubernator]]e [[Indiana]]e, ad officium praesidis vicarii proposito, victoriam reportavit. Die [[20 Ianuarii]] [[2017]], [[praeses]] inauguratus est. Famosus est factus proposito [[murus|muri]] aedificandi, quo homines ex [[Mexicum|Mexico]] aliique contra [[lex|leges]] [[immigratio|immigraturi]] arceabantur; murus autem non omnino confectus est. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:Donald and Melania Trump.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Donaldus Trump candidatus cum [[Melania Trump|Melania]], [[uxor]]e tertia, anno 2016 pictus.]] [[Fasciculus:Speaker Ryan with Trump and Pence.jpg|thumb|Donaldus Trump (ad sinistram), [[Paulus Ryan]] rogator [[Camera Repraesentantium Civitatum Foederatarum|Camerae Repraesentantium]], [[Michael Pence]] praeses vicarius futurus, mense Novembri [[2016]] picti.]] Donaldus Trump in orientali [[Comitatus Reginae|Reginae]] comitatu (Anglice ''Queens'') [[urbs|urbis]] [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]] die [[14 Iunii]] [[1946]] natus est, quartus e quinque [[liberi]]s [[Maria Anna MacLeod Trump|Mariae Annae MacLeod Trump]] et [[Fredericus Christus Trump|Frederici Christi Trump]], [[negotiator]]is Americani. Anno [[1971]], [[negotium]] ''Elizabeth Trump & Son'' familiae suae suscepit et insequentibus annis magnopere amplificavit nomine {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Organizatio Trumpiana|Organizationem Trumpianam|en|qid=Q2462124}}.<ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=AiFeQZhakXQC&pg=PA23&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Liber: ''Master Apprentice'' (discipulus egregius) - textus selecti].</ref> Anno [[1983]], eius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Turris Trumpiana||en|qid=Q868772}}, [[caeliscalpium]] lautissima, perfecta est. Ad annum [[2016]] rganizationi Trumpianaeplus quam trecenta negotia attributa erant.<ref>''[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33644498 BBC News.]''</ref> === Cursus honorum === Die [[2 Septembris|2 mensis Septembris]] [[1987]] in [[diarium|diariis]] variis missum ad [[populus|populum]] Americanum divulgavit,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151122213005/http://ak-hdl.buzzfed.com/static/2015-07/10/17/enhanced/webdr02/enhanced-12123-1436563120-13.png Missum Donaldi Trump, 1997- textus].</ref><ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20161119055604/http://conservativetribune.com/trump-spent-100000-on-an-ad/ Conservative Tribune].''</ref> quo Americam civitatibus aliis [[pecunia]]m defensionis eius suppeditavisse reprehendebat. Dum [[primum bellum sinus Persici]] (1980–1988) gerebatur post impressionem recusationis socii unius pondus missi enim discrimen inter ''nostrum'' et ''suum'' erat. Die [[19 Februarii]] [[2000]] in diario ''[[The New York Times]],'' Americam ''praeses et negotiator'' egere scripsit<ref>''[http://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/19/opinion/what-i-saw-at-the-revolution.html New York Times]''</ref>. Iste praeses et negotiator cum nomine noto cum basis conspectu et homines occupatos creare et ''Americam'' sociis negotii maioribus ''avelli'' finire possit. === Praefectura === [[Fasciculus:Obama handing over the Presidency to Trump 23 cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Baracus Obama]] die [[20 Ianuarii]] [[2017]] praesidatum Civitatum Foederatarum Donaldo Trump commendat.]] [[Fasciculus:President Donald Trump & Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, March 14, 2017 cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Donaldus Trump cum [[Mahometus Salmani filius|Mahometo Salmani filio]] ministro a munitione [[Arabia Saudita|Arabe]] Vasingtoniae die [[14 Martii]] [[2017]] colloquitur.]] Post anni 2016 praesidis Civitatum Foederatarum Americae electionem ''processus transitionis D. Trump'' coepit, pro eo die [[9 Novembris|9 mensis Novembris]] [[2016]] situs interretialis proprius, ''greatagain.gov'' expeditus est. Grex operarum cui praeses vicarius Michael Pence praefectus est efficiat actiones (Anglice ''agency action'') implementationes rerum politicarum ([[Anglice]] ''policy implementation''). ==== Consilium ministrorum ==== {{Main| Consilium Ministrorum Donaldi Trump}} Adhuc aliae confirmationes consistorii factae sunt, nondum aliae. ==Comitia praesidentialia anno 2024== Annō 2024 Trump [[Iacobus David Vance|Iacobum David Vance]], sēnātōrem [[Ohium|Ohiī]], vicārium praesidis prōpositum ā [[Factio republicana (Civitates Foederatae)|factiōne rēpūblicānā]] acceptum selegit.<ref>https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/who-is-jd-vance-donald-trump-running-mate/5598808/?os&ref=app</ref> [[Thomas Matthaeus Crooks]], quidam iuvenis annorum viginti, Donaldum Trump, in contione prope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Butler||en|qid=Q1017948}} in [[Pennsylvania]] die [[13 Iulii]] [[2024]] habita, [[glans (arma)|glandibus]] petivit, [[auris|aurem]] tantum [[vulnus|vulnerans]],<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd1jz027nrzo "Five questions for Secret Service after Trump shooting."]</ref> sed unum e spectatoribus necans. Crooks vicissim a [[sclopetum|sclopetatore]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Munus Secretum|Muneris Secreti|en|qid=Q503224}} interfectus est. ==Visitatio Ecclesiae Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis== Una cum [[Emmanuel Macron|Emmanuele Macron]] praeside Franciae, [[Gilliana Biden]] uxore [[Iosephus Biden|Iosephi Biden]] [[praeses Civitatum Foederatarum|praesidis Civitatum Foederatarum]], [[Volodimirus Selenscius|Volodimiro Selenscio]] praeside [[Ucraina]]e, aliisque hominibus amplissimis [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis|Ecclesiam Cathedralem Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis]] die [[7 Decembris]] [[2024]] visitavit, quum cathedralis illa novissime restituta ac magnā sollemnitate aperta esset.<ref name=":0">https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Gt8NIXeBfiQ&pp=ygUUTGFzY2hldCB0cnVtcCBtaW9zZ2E%3D</ref> Eodem die [[color]]ibus vestimentorum [[vexillum]] Ucrainae imitatus est, nam antea dixerat sese mox bello Ucrainae gesto finem facturum esse.<ref name=":0" /> ==Voluntas pacis faciendae in Ucraina atque Confoederatione Russica== Trump saepe dixit sese [[pax|pacem]] in Ucraina negotiationibus facere velle.<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/zelenskyy-pointedly-thanks-trump-america-for-ukraine-support-months-after-vances-jab-about-lack-of-gratitude/ar-AA1HpnVE Res.]</ref> Vladimirus Putin vero recusavit particeps conventūs amplissimi paciferi in [[Turcia]] fieri atque bello suo in Ucraina perrexit.<ref>[https://www.turkiyetoday.com/world/putin-will-not-attend-ukraine-russia-peace-talks-in-istanbul-3201454 Res.]</ref> Nunc autem iterum conventus talis fieri possit—cuius particeps Vladimirus Putin fortassis re vera erit.<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/vladimir-putin-says-moscow-is-ready-for-new-round-of-peace-talks-with-ukraine/ar-AA1HyHbh Res.]</ref> ==Declaratio tarifarum mundialium et mutuarum== Die [[2 Aprilis]] [[2025]], Donaldus Trump politicam de [[:wikt:tarifa|tarifa]]{{dubsig}} cum sententia "Dies Liberationis" declaravit, cuius rationes 10% pro ominibus civitatibus, 20% pro [[Unio Europaea|Unione Europaea]], 24% pro Iaponia, 25% pro [[Canada]] et 54% pro [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Re publica popularis Sinarum]] sunt.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/business/live-news/tariffs-trump-news-04-02-25/index.html April 2, 2025 Liberation Day tariffs announcements].</ref> ==Species animalium ex Trump appellatae== *''[[Dermophis donaldtrumpi]],'' [[species]] [[vermis|vermium]] paene [[caecitas|caecorum]] [[classis (taxinomia)|classis]] [[Amphibia|Amphibiorum]] *''[[Neopalpa donaldtrumpi]]'', species [[lepidoptera|lepidopterum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Gelechiidae|Gelechiidarum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Barrett, Wayne. [[1992]]. ''Trump: The Deals and the Downfall''. Novi Eboraci: Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-016704-2. * Blair, Gwenda. [[2007]]. ''Donald Trump: The Candidate''. Novi Eboraci: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-4654-2. * Brallier, Jess, et Richard McDonough. [[1990]]. ''The Really, Really Classy Donald Trump Quiz Book: Complete, Unauthorized, Fantastic—and the Best!!'' Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-10608-5. * Bronson, Richard et al. [[2012]]. ''The War at the Shore: Donald Trump, Steve Wynn, and the Epic Battle to Save Atlantic City''. The Overlook Press. ISBN 978-1-4683-0046-8. * D'Antonio, Michael. [[2015]]. ''Never Enough: Donald Trump and the Pursuit of Success''. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 978-1-250-04238-5. * D’Antonio, Michael. [[2016]]. ''The Truth About Trump''. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-10528-8. * Ewen, David. [[2010]]. ''Chasing Paradise: Donald Trump and the Battle for the World's Greatest Golf Course''. Black & White Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84502-311-9. * Glasser, Susan B. [[2018]]. "[https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/01/02/donald-trump-foreign-policy-analysis-dangerous-216202 Donald Trump’s Year of Living Dangerously: It’s worse than you think.]" ''Politico Magazine.'' Ianuario/Februario. * Hurt, Harry. [[1993]]. ''Lost Tycoon: The Many Lives of Donald J. Trump''. Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-03029-7. * Katz, Jackson. [[2016]]. ''Man enough?: Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, and the Politics of Presidential Masculinity''. Interlink Publishing. ISBN 978-1-56656-083-2. * Lord, Jeffrey. [[2016]]. ''What America Needs: The Case for Trump''. Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62157-523-8. * McCarthy, Tom. [[2016]]. [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/09/donald-trump-administration-cabinet-picks-so-far Trump's cabinet picks: here are all of the appointments so far.] ''[[The Guardian]],'' 9 Decembris. * O'Brien, Timothy. [[2005]]. ''TrumpNation: The Art of Being The Donald''. Grand Central Publishing (Warner Books). ISBN 978-0-446-57854-7. * O'Donnell, John, et James Rutherford. [[1991]]. ''Trumped! The Inside Story of the Real Donald Trump—His Cunning Rise and Spectacular Fall.'' Novi Eboraci: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-73735-1. * Payment, Simone. [[2007]]. ''Donald Trump: Profile of a Real Estate Tycoon''. Rosen Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4042-1909-0. * Rall, Ted. [[2016]]. ''Trump: A Graphic Biography''. Seven Stories Press. ISBN 978-1-60980-758-0. * Roberts, Dan, et Ben Jacobs. [[2016]]. [http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/04/republican-nomination-party-unity-trump And then there was one: Trump stands alone after shocking nomination race.] ''[[The Guardian]],'' 4 Maii. * Ross, George. [[2008]]. ''Trump-Style Negotiation: Powerful Strategies and Tactics for Mastering Every Deal''. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-22529-5. * Seely, Hart. [[2015]]. ''Bard of the Deal: The Poetry of Donald Trump''. Novi Eboraci: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-246516-0. * Slater, Robert. [[2005]]. ''No Such Thing as Over-exposure: Inside the Life and Celebrity of Donald Trump''. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-149734-4. * Time, Editors of. [[2016]]. ''Donald Trump: The Rise of a Rule Breaker''. Time. ISBN 978-1-68330-416-6. * Tucille, Jerome. [[1985]]. ''Trump: The Saga of America's Most Powerful Real Estate Baron''. Penguin Group. ISBN 978-1-55611-069-6. * Whiticker, Alan. [[2016]]. ''Trumped: the Wonderful World and Wisdom of Donald Trump.'' New Holland Publishers. ISBN 978-1-74257-896-5. * Williamson, Kevin. [[2015]]. ''The Case Against Trump.'' Encounter Books. ISBN 978-1-59403-877-8. * Wolff, Michael. 2018. ''Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House''. Novi Eboraci: Holt. [http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/01/michael-wolff-fire-and-fury-book-donald-trump.html Florilegium] [http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/michael-wolff-book-trump Florilegium] * Wolff, Michael. 2018. "[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/michael-wolff-my-insane-year-inside-trumps-white-house-1071504 "You Can’t Make This S--- Up": My Year Inside Trump's Insane White House.]" ''Hollywood Reporter.'' 4 Ianuarii 2018. * Wooten, Sara. [[2009]]. ''Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV''. Enslow Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7660-2890-6. {{NexInt}} * ''[[Alternative facts]]'' * [[Hilaria Clinton]] * [[Concursus Mulierum (2017)]] * [[Impetus Israëlis et Civitatum Foederatarum in Iraniam anni 2026]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Donald Trump|Donaldum Trumpium}} * "[http://www.economist.com/Trumptranscript Transcript: Interview with Donald Trump]" (4 Maii 2017) apud ''[[The Economist]]'' {{Praesides Civitatum Foederatarum}} {{Consilium Civitatum Foederatarum Trump}} {{Lifetime|1946||Trump, Donaldus}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Pennsylvaniensis]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Donaldus Trump|!]] [[Categoria:Incolae Novi Eboraci]] [[Categoria:Mercatores]] [[Categoria:Ostentatores televisuales]] [[Categoria:Politici Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Praefectura Donaldi Trump|!]] [[Categoria:Praesides Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Civitatum Foederatarum]] ryb0s7ncy6ewhym5dnk6cnfrs6yc0sf 3957362 3957361 2026-04-28T01:42:45Z Grufo 64423 Recensiones a conlatore [[Special:Contributions/~2026-25769-84|~2026-25769-84]] ([[User talk:~2026-25769-84|Disputatio]]) factas in superiorem redactionem a conlatore [[User:Grufo|Grufo]] factam restitui 3954239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Donaldus Ioannes Trumpius}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/nuntius.php?id=1278|title=ASSELBORN CURTIUM SERMONIS TRUMPIANI INSIMULAT|last1=Austriacus|first1=Volfgangus|year=|website=Ephemeris|date=31 Decembris [[2017]]}}: "Quo dicto eum Trumpii simillimum esse, qui dixisset universos postremo valere, si sibi ipsi quaeque civitas consuleret."</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ephemerisnuntii.eu/leolat/LITUANIA%20-%20LINGUA.pdf|title=EXERCITIA LITUANICO-LATINA - Dideli Elono Musko statymai už Donaldą Trumpą atsipirko, o JAV vyriausybės laukia „kieta“ reforma|last1=Aleškaitienė|first1=Živilė|year=|website=Ephemeris|date=7 Novembris [[2024]]|page=21}}: "Cum alii praedîcant utriusque viri morum peculiaritate exorturam esse discordiam, alii credunt, cum Trumpius admiretur Musci divitias enormes, relationem mansuram esse stabilem."</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ephemerisnuntii.eu/leolat/COLLECTANEA%20PAPALIA.pdf|title=Novus Papa verbis effert limites apertos, tutelam climatis, vaccinationes – Leo XIV. sententias profert politicas|last1=Gross|first1=Nicolaus|year=[[2025]]|website=Ephemeris|date=|page=14|last2=Zukowski|first2=Iris}}: "In planiformâ X novus Papa iam reprobavit rationem ''Trumpii'' et ''Vancei politicam immigrationis''. Etiam climati novus Papa magnam vim attribuere videtur."</ref> (natus ''Donald John Trump'' [[Urbs Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] in urbe die [[14 Iunii]] [[1946]]) est quadragesimus septimus [[praeses Civitatum Foederatarum]], qui munus [[politicus|publicum]] a die [[20 Ianuarii]] [[2017]] ad [[20 Ianuarii|eundem diem]] anno [[2021]] sustinuit; iterum die [[20 Ianuarii]] [[2025]] sollemniter inauguratus est.<ref>[https://orf.at/live/5462-Trump-als-47-US-Praesident-vereidigt/ "Trump als 47. US-Präsident vereidigt"] - apud: ''orf.at,'' 20 Ianuarii 2025.</ref> Antequam [[respublica|rei publicae]] serviret, [[negotiator]] [[animator programmatis|animator]]que [[televisio|televisificus]] fuerat. [[Praediator]] et collocator praesesque [[Organizatio Trumpiana|Organizationis Trumpianae]] manet. Olim fuit animator ''[[The Apprentice (series televisifica Civitatum Foederatarum)|The Apprentice]],'' programmatis [[televisio|televisifici]]. Anno [[2016]] candidatus [[factio Republicana (CFA)|factionis Republicanae]] ad [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum|Praesidium Civitatum Foederatarum]], [[Michael Pence|Michaele Pence]], [[gubernator]]e [[Indiana]]e, ad officium praesidis vicarii proposito, victoriam reportavit. Die [[20 Ianuarii]] [[2017]], [[praeses]] inauguratus est. Famosus est factus proposito [[murus|muri]] aedificandi, quo homines ex [[Mexicum|Mexico]] aliique contra [[lex|leges]] [[immigratio|immigraturi]] arceabantur; murus autem non omnino confectus est. == Biographia == [[Fasciculus:Donald and Melania Trump.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Donaldus Trump candidatus cum [[Melania Trump|Melania]], [[uxor]]e tertia, anno 2016 pictus.]] [[Fasciculus:Speaker Ryan with Trump and Pence.jpg|thumb|Donaldus Trump (ad sinistram), [[Paulus Ryan]] rogator [[Camera Repraesentantium Civitatum Foederatarum|Camerae Repraesentantium]], [[Michael Pence]] praeses vicarius futurus, mense Novembri [[2016]] picti.]] Donaldus Trump in orientali [[Comitatus Reginae|Reginae]] comitatu (Anglice ''Queens'') [[urbs|urbis]] [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]] die [[14 Iunii]] [[1946]] natus est, quartus e quinque [[liberi]]s [[Maria Anna MacLeod Trump|Mariae Annae MacLeod Trump]] et [[Fredericus Christus Trump|Frederici Christi Trump]], [[negotiator]]is Americani. Anno [[1971]], [[negotium]] ''Elizabeth Trump & Son'' familiae suae suscepit et insequentibus annis magnopere amplificavit nomine {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Organizatio Trumpiana|Organizationem Trumpianam|en|qid=Q2462124}}.<ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=AiFeQZhakXQC&pg=PA23&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Liber: ''Master Apprentice'' (discipulus egregius) - textus selecti].</ref> Anno [[1983]], eius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Turris Trumpiana||en|qid=Q868772}}, [[caeliscalpium]] lautissima, perfecta est. Ad annum [[2016]] rganizationi Trumpianaeplus quam trecenta negotia attributa erant.<ref>''[http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-33644498 BBC News.]''</ref> === Cursus honorum === Die [[2 Septembris|2 mensis Septembris]] [[1987]] in [[diarium|diariis]] variis missum ad [[populus|populum]] Americanum divulgavit,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151122213005/http://ak-hdl.buzzfed.com/static/2015-07/10/17/enhanced/webdr02/enhanced-12123-1436563120-13.png Missum Donaldi Trump, 1997- textus].</ref><ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20161119055604/http://conservativetribune.com/trump-spent-100000-on-an-ad/ Conservative Tribune].''</ref> quo Americam civitatibus aliis [[pecunia]]m defensionis eius suppeditavisse reprehendebat. Dum [[primum bellum sinus Persici]] (1980–1988) gerebatur post impressionem recusationis socii unius pondus missi enim discrimen inter ''nostrum'' et ''suum'' erat. Die [[19 Februarii]] [[2000]] in diario ''[[The New York Times]],'' Americam ''praeses et negotiator'' egere scripsit<ref>''[http://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/19/opinion/what-i-saw-at-the-revolution.html New York Times]''</ref>. Iste praeses et negotiator cum nomine noto cum basis conspectu et homines occupatos creare et ''Americam'' sociis negotii maioribus ''avelli'' finire possit. === Praefectura === [[Fasciculus:Obama handing over the Presidency to Trump 23 cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Baracus Obama]] die [[20 Ianuarii]] [[2017]] praesidatum Civitatum Foederatarum Donaldo Trump commendat.]] [[Fasciculus:President Donald Trump & Deputy Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, March 14, 2017 cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Donaldus Trump cum [[Mahometus Salmani filius|Mahometo Salmani filio]] ministro a munitione [[Arabia Saudita|Arabe]] Vasingtoniae die [[14 Martii]] [[2017]] colloquitur.]] Post anni 2016 praesidis Civitatum Foederatarum Americae electionem ''processus transitionis D. Trump'' coepit, pro eo die [[9 Novembris|9 mensis Novembris]] [[2016]] situs interretialis proprius, ''greatagain.gov'' expeditus est. Grex operarum cui praeses vicarius Michael Pence praefectus est efficiat actiones (Anglice ''agency action'') implementationes rerum politicarum ([[Anglice]] ''policy implementation''). ==== Consilium ministrorum ==== {{Main| Consilium Ministrorum Donaldi Trump}} Adhuc aliae confirmationes consistorii factae sunt, nondum aliae. ==Comitia praesidentialia anno 2024== Annō 2024 Trump [[Iacobus David Vance|Iacobum David Vance]], sēnātōrem [[Ohium|Ohiī]], vicārium praesidis prōpositum ā [[Factio republicana (Civitates Foederatae)|factiōne rēpūblicānā]] acceptum selegit.<ref>https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/national-international/who-is-jd-vance-donald-trump-running-mate/5598808/?os&ref=app</ref> [[Thomas Matthaeus Crooks]], quidam iuvenis annorum viginti, Donaldum Trump, in contione prope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Butler||en|qid=Q1017948}} in [[Pennsylvania]] die [[13 Iulii]] [[2024]] habita, [[glans (arma)|glandibus]] petivit, [[auris|aurem]] tantum [[vulnus|vulnerans]],<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd1jz027nrzo "Five questions for Secret Service after Trump shooting."]</ref> sed unum e spectatoribus necans. Crooks vicissim a [[sclopetum|sclopetatore]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Munus Secretum|Muneris Secreti|en|qid=Q503224}} interfectus est. ==Visitatio Ecclesiae Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis== Una cum [[Emmanuel Macron|Emmanuele Macron]] praeside Franciae, [[Gilliana Biden]] uxore [[Iosephus Biden|Iosephi Biden]] [[praeses Civitatum Foederatarum|praesidis Civitatum Foederatarum]], [[Volodimirus Selenscius|Volodimiro Selenscio]] praeside [[Ucraina]]e, aliisque hominibus amplissimis [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis|Ecclesiam Cathedralem Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis]] die [[7 Decembris]] [[2024]] visitavit, quum cathedralis illa novissime restituta ac magnā sollemnitate aperta esset.<ref name=":0">https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Gt8NIXeBfiQ&pp=ygUUTGFzY2hldCB0cnVtcCBtaW9zZ2E%3D</ref> Eodem die [[color]]ibus vestimentorum [[vexillum]] Ucrainae imitatus est, nam antea dixerat sese mox bello Ucrainae gesto finem facturum esse.<ref name=":0" /> ==Voluntas pacis faciendae in Ucraina atque Confoederatione Russica== Trump saepe dixit sese [[pax|pacem]] in Ucraina negotiationibus facere velle.<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/politics/zelenskyy-pointedly-thanks-trump-america-for-ukraine-support-months-after-vances-jab-about-lack-of-gratitude/ar-AA1HpnVE Res.]</ref> Vladimirus Putin vero recusavit particeps conventūs amplissimi paciferi in [[Turcia]] fieri atque bello suo in Ucraina perrexit.<ref>[https://www.turkiyetoday.com/world/putin-will-not-attend-ukraine-russia-peace-talks-in-istanbul-3201454 Res.]</ref> Nunc autem iterum conventus talis fieri possit—cuius particeps Vladimirus Putin fortassis re vera erit.<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-za/news/other/vladimir-putin-says-moscow-is-ready-for-new-round-of-peace-talks-with-ukraine/ar-AA1HyHbh Res.]</ref> ==Declaratio tarifarum mundialium et mutuarum== Die [[2 Aprilis]] [[2025]], Donaldus Trump politicam de [[:wikt:tarifa|tarifa]]{{dubsig}} cum sententia "Dies Liberationis" declaravit, cuius rationes 10% pro ominibus civitatibus, 20% pro [[Unio Europaea|Unione Europaea]], 24% pro Iaponia, 25% pro [[Canada]] et 54% pro [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Re publica popularis Sinarum]] sunt.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/business/live-news/tariffs-trump-news-04-02-25/index.html April 2, 2025 Liberation Day tariffs announcements].</ref> ==Species animalium ex Trump appellatae== *''[[Dermophis donaldtrumpi]],'' [[species]] [[vermis|vermium]] paene [[caecitas|caecorum]] [[classis (taxinomia)|classis]] [[Amphibia|Amphibiorum]] *''[[Neopalpa donaldtrumpi]]'', species [[lepidoptera|lepidopterum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Gelechiidae|Gelechiidarum]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Barrett, Wayne. [[1992]]. ''Trump: The Deals and the Downfall''. Novi Eboraci: Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-016704-2. * Blair, Gwenda. [[2007]]. ''Donald Trump: The Candidate''. Novi Eboraci: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4165-4654-2. * Brallier, Jess, et Richard McDonough. [[1990]]. ''The Really, Really Classy Donald Trump Quiz Book: Complete, Unauthorized, Fantastic—and the Best!!'' Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-10608-5. * Bronson, Richard et al. [[2012]]. ''The War at the Shore: Donald Trump, Steve Wynn, and the Epic Battle to Save Atlantic City''. The Overlook Press. ISBN 978-1-4683-0046-8. * D'Antonio, Michael. [[2015]]. ''Never Enough: Donald Trump and the Pursuit of Success''. Thomas Dunne Books. ISBN 978-1-250-04238-5. * D’Antonio, Michael. [[2016]]. ''The Truth About Trump''. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-10528-8. * Ewen, David. [[2010]]. ''Chasing Paradise: Donald Trump and the Battle for the World's Greatest Golf Course''. Black & White Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84502-311-9. * Glasser, Susan B. [[2018]]. "[https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2018/01/02/donald-trump-foreign-policy-analysis-dangerous-216202 Donald Trump’s Year of Living Dangerously: It’s worse than you think.]" ''Politico Magazine.'' Ianuario/Februario. * Hurt, Harry. [[1993]]. ''Lost Tycoon: The Many Lives of Donald J. Trump''. Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-03029-7. * Katz, Jackson. [[2016]]. ''Man enough?: Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, and the Politics of Presidential Masculinity''. Interlink Publishing. ISBN 978-1-56656-083-2. * Lord, Jeffrey. [[2016]]. ''What America Needs: The Case for Trump''. Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62157-523-8. * McCarthy, Tom. [[2016]]. [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/dec/09/donald-trump-administration-cabinet-picks-so-far Trump's cabinet picks: here are all of the appointments so far.] ''[[The Guardian]],'' 9 Decembris. * O'Brien, Timothy. [[2005]]. ''TrumpNation: The Art of Being The Donald''. Grand Central Publishing (Warner Books). ISBN 978-0-446-57854-7. * O'Donnell, John, et James Rutherford. [[1991]]. ''Trumped! The Inside Story of the Real Donald Trump—His Cunning Rise and Spectacular Fall.'' Novi Eboraci: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-73735-1. * Payment, Simone. [[2007]]. ''Donald Trump: Profile of a Real Estate Tycoon''. Rosen Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4042-1909-0. * Rall, Ted. [[2016]]. ''Trump: A Graphic Biography''. Seven Stories Press. ISBN 978-1-60980-758-0. * Roberts, Dan, et Ben Jacobs. [[2016]]. [http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/may/04/republican-nomination-party-unity-trump And then there was one: Trump stands alone after shocking nomination race.] ''[[The Guardian]],'' 4 Maii. * Ross, George. [[2008]]. ''Trump-Style Negotiation: Powerful Strategies and Tactics for Mastering Every Deal''. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-22529-5. * Seely, Hart. [[2015]]. ''Bard of the Deal: The Poetry of Donald Trump''. Novi Eboraci: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-246516-0. * Slater, Robert. [[2005]]. ''No Such Thing as Over-exposure: Inside the Life and Celebrity of Donald Trump''. Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-149734-4. * Time, Editors of. [[2016]]. ''Donald Trump: The Rise of a Rule Breaker''. Time. ISBN 978-1-68330-416-6. * Tucille, Jerome. [[1985]]. ''Trump: The Saga of America's Most Powerful Real Estate Baron''. Penguin Group. ISBN 978-1-55611-069-6. * Whiticker, Alan. [[2016]]. ''Trumped: the Wonderful World and Wisdom of Donald Trump.'' New Holland Publishers. ISBN 978-1-74257-896-5. * Williamson, Kevin. [[2015]]. ''The Case Against Trump.'' Encounter Books. ISBN 978-1-59403-877-8. * Wolff, Michael. 2018. ''Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House''. Novi Eboraci: Holt. [http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2018/01/michael-wolff-fire-and-fury-book-donald-trump.html Florilegium] [http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/michael-wolff-book-trump Florilegium] * Wolff, Michael. 2018. "[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/michael-wolff-my-insane-year-inside-trumps-white-house-1071504 "You Can’t Make This S--- Up": My Year Inside Trump's Insane White House.]" ''Hollywood Reporter.'' 4 Ianuarii 2018. * Wooten, Sara. [[2009]]. ''Donald Trump: From Real Estate to Reality TV''. Enslow Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7660-2890-6. {{NexInt}} * ''[[Alternative facts]]'' * [[Hilaria Clinton]] * [[Concursus Mulierum (2017)]] * [[Impetus Israëlis et Civitatum Foederatarum in Iraniam anni 2026]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Donald Trump|Donaldum Trumpium}} * "[http://www.economist.com/Trumptranscript Transcript: Interview with Donald Trump]" (4 Maii 2017) apud ''[[The Economist]]'' {{Praesides Civitatum Foederatarum}} {{Consilium Civitatum Foederatarum Trump}} {{Lifetime|1946||Trump, Donaldus}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Pennsylvaniensis]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Donaldus Trump|!]] [[Categoria:Incolae Novi Eboraci]] [[Categoria:Mercatores]] [[Categoria:Ostentatores televisuales]] [[Categoria:Politici Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Praefectura Donaldi Trump|!]] [[Categoria:Praesides Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Civitatum Foederatarum]] 7em7ykaooimy11wqptlv9o3hk9txvt0 0 214533 3957394 3936529 2026-04-28T09:15:51Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Richard Eberhart.jpg|thumb|Ricardus Eberhart.]] '''Ricardus Ghormley Eberhart''' ([[5 Aprilis]] [[1904]]—[[9 Iunii]] [[2005]]) fuit [[poeta]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]] qui plus quam [[duodecim]] [[liber|libros]] [[poesis|poeticos]] edidit, et omnino [[viginti]] fere libros. [[Praemium Pulitzeranum|Praemium Pulitzeranum Poesis]] pro ''Selected Poems, 1930–1965''<ref name=pulitzer/> et [[Praemium Librorum Nationale|Nationale Librorum Arbitrium Poesis]] anno [[1977]] pro ''Collected Poems, 1930–1976'' abstulit.<ref name=nba1977/> Fuit [[avus]] [[Beniaminus Cherington|Beniamini Cherington]], administratoris generalis [[Tibialia Rubra Bostoniensia|Tibialium Rubrorum Bostoniensium]].<ref>{{cite web|last=MacMullan|first=Jackie|title=New GM Cherington swinging for fences|url=http://espn.go.com/boston/mlb/story/_/id/7187594/boston-red-sox-gm-ben-cherington-was-born-lead-hometown-team|publisher=ESPN|accessdate=25 September 2013}}</ref> ==Opera== *[[1930]]. ''A Bravery of Earth.'' *[[1937]]. ''Reading the Spirit.'' *[[1942]]. ''Song and Idea.'' *[[1945]]. ''War and the Poet: An Anthology of Poetry Expressing Man's Attitudes to War from Ancient Times to the Present.'' *[[1945]]. ''Poems: New and Selected.'' *[[1947]]. ''Burr Oaks.'' *[[1949]]. ''Brotherhood of Men.'' *[[1953]]. ''Undercliff: Poems 1946–1953.'' *[[1957]]. ''Great Praises.'' *[[1962]]. ''Collected Verse Plays.'' *[[1964]]. ''The Quarry: New Poems.'' *[[1965]]. ''Selected Poems, 1930–1965.'' [[Praemium Pulitzeranum]]<ref name=pulitzer>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160104203419/http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Poetry "Poetry,"] ''Past winners & finalists by category,'' The Pulitzer Prizes.</ref> *[[1968]]. ''Shifts of Being.'' *[[1976]]. ''Collected Poems, 1930–1976: Including 43 New Poems.'' Nationale Librorum Arbitrium.<ref name=nba1977>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160325034708/http://www.nationalbook.org/nba1977.html "National Book Awards – 1977"]. National Book Foundation. (With acceptance speech by Eberhart and essay by Kiki Petrosino from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)</ref> *[[1984]]. ''The Long Reach: New and Uncollected Works 1948–1984.'' *[[1990]]. ''New and Selected Poems: 1930–1990.'' ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Engel, Bernard F. [[1972]]. ''Richard Eberhart.'' Bostoniae: Twayne Publishing. ISBN 0805702288. *Lea, Sydney, Jay Parini, et Robin M. Barone, eds. [[1980]]. ''Richard Eberhart: A Celebration.'' Middlebury College Publications. ISBN 0917241002. *Ramazani, Jahan, [[Ricardus Ellmann|Richard Ellmann]], et Robert O'Clair. [[2003]]. ''The Norton Anthology of Modern and Contemporary Poetry.'' Ed. 3a, vol. 1: ''Modern Poetry.'' Novi Eboraci et Londinii: W. W. Norton. *Roache, Joel. [[1971]]. ''Richard Eberhart: Progress of an American Poet.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195012631. *Wright, Stuart T. [[1989]]. ''Richard Eberhart: A Descriptive Bibliography 1921–1987.'' Meckler. ISBN 0887363466. ==Nexus externi== {{wikiquote|Richard Eberhart|Ricardum Eberhart}} *[http://www.poets.org/poet.php/prmPID/623 Ricardus Eberhart,] www.poets.org (Academia Poetarum Americanorum) *[http://www.answers.com/Richard%20Eberhart Ricardus Eberhart,] www.answers.com<!-- *[http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory?id=842377&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312 ABC News (America) online article on Eberhart's death] *[http://harvardsquarelibrary.org/poets/eberhart.php Richard Eberhart biography and poetry samples. Part of a series of poets.] *[http://ead.dartmouth.edu/html/ms1082_fullguide.html Guide to the papers of Richard Eberhart in Rauner Special Collections Library at Dartmouth College]--> {{DEFAULTSORT:Eberhart, Ricardus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1904]] [[Categoria:Mortui 2005]] [[Categoria:Alumni Collegii Dartmuthensis]]<!--recte: A. Universitatis D.--> [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Harvardianae]] [[Categoria:Centenariani]]<!--recte: C. Americani--> [[Categoria:Poetae Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Poetae formalistae]]<!-- [[Categoria:Poetae laureatae Novae Hantoniae]]--> [[Categoria:Praemium Bollingenianum]] [[Categoria:Praemium Pulitzer]]anum<!--P.P. Poesis--> [[Categoria:Professores Collegii Wheaton (Massachusetta)]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Civitatum Foederatarum]]<!-- recte: Writers from New Hampshire--> [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Artium et Litterarum Americanae]]<!-- [[Category:St. Mark's School (Massachusetts) alumni]]--> id5ear717ef4e9o89llkixq0p81xzcx 0 223306 3957398 3883634 2026-04-28T09:45:19Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:RidgefieldCTMainSt1875.jpg|thumb|Despectus ad meridiem per Viam Main, [[1875]].]] [[Fasciculus:PostcardRidgefieldCTMainStFrBranchvilleRd1906.jpg|thumb|Despectus ad meridiem per Via Main ab Itinere Branchville, circa [[1906]].]] [[Fasciculus:PostcardTheRidgefieldSchool,CT1909.jpg|thumb|[[Schola]] Ridgefield. [[Pittacium cursuale]] anno [[1909]] missum.]] [[Fasciculus:Schoolhouse2.jpg|thumb|Schola Petry Parley.]] [[Fasciculus:Ridgefieldgolfcoursefifteenthholemensteebox.jpg|thumb|Campus [[pilamalleus|pilamallei]] Ridgefield.]] '''Ridgefield''' est [[oppidum Novae Angliae|oppidum]] in [[Fairfield Comitatus (Connecticuta)|Fairfield Comitatu]] [[Connecticuta]]e [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatum Foederatarum]], inter radices [[Montes Bercerienses|Montium Berceriensium]]<!--Berkshire--> situm. Oppidum a [[colonia|colonis]] ex [[Norwalk (Connectictuta)|Norwalk]] et [[Milford (Connecticuta)|Milford]] Connecticutae anno [[1708]] condita est. [[Census Civitatum Foederatarum 2010]] incolarum 24&thinsp;638 numeravit.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Ridgefield town, Connecticut| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder 2}}.</ref> Medium oppidum, olim [[burgum (Connecticuta)|burgum]] rite designatum, a [[Ministerium Census Civitatum Foederatarum|Ministerio Census Civitatum Foederatarum]] nunc [[locus a censu designatus]] definitur. <!--PLUS IN EN:--> == Incolae notabiles == Inter incolas oppidi sunt [[Robertus Vaughn]], [[histrio]], et [[Harvey Fierstein]], [[histrio]] et [[scriptor scaenicus]], qui iam in oppido [[habitatio|habitant]]. Inter [[scriptor]]es qui olim hic habitaverunt fuerunt [[Eugenius O'Neill]], [[Howardus Fast]], [[Cornelius Ryan]], et [[Mauritius Sendak]]. Inter alios notabiles sunt: * [[Ioannes Howard Sanden]], [[artifex]] * [[Roz Chast]], cartoonista<!--frequent New Yorker magazine contributor--> * [[Iudita Collins]], [[cantrix]] * [[Maximus Shostakovich]] [[conductor]]<!-- once lived in town--> * [[Henricus Luce]], possessor [[periodicum|periodici]] ''[[Time]]'' * [[Clara Boothe Luce]], [[uxor]], [[scriptor scaenicus|scriptrix scaenica]] et [[legatus]] in [[Congressus|Congressu]] * [[Geraldina Farrar]], [[cantrix]] [[opera]]tica [[saeculum 20|saeculo vicensimo]] ineunte actuosa, in [[domus|domo]] in Semita<!--Lane--> West [[habitatio|habitavit]]. [[Curtius Waldheim]], olim [[Index secretariorum generalium Consociationis Nationum|Secretarius Generalis Consociationis Nationum]] in oppido commoratus est in domu amici, et [[Theodorus Sorenson]], olim consultor [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum|Praesidis]] [[Ioannes F. Kennedy|Ioannis F. Kennedy]], olim in oppido habitavit. [[Ira Iosephus Fisher]], [[poeta]] et [[meteorologia|meteorologus]] in [[televisio]]ne CBS, in oppido habitat; simile [[Morton Dean]], vir nuntiorum emeritus, et [[Todd Brewster]], [[scriptor]] et [[diurnariorum ars|diurnalista]]. [[Curtius Onalfo]], olim summus exercitor [[Kansas City Wizards]] et [[D.C. United]], Scholam Superiorem Ridgefield frequentavit. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Bibliographia == * [Auctor ignotus]. [[1999]]. ''Images of America: Ridgefield.'' * ''The Barbour Collection of Connecticut Town Records, Volume 36.'' [[2000]]. Genealogical Publishing Company. <!--an index to Ridgefield births, marriages and deaths from 1709 to 1850--> * Bedini, Silvio A. [[1958]]. ''Ridgefield in Review.'' * Bollenback, Dirk. Circa [[2000]]. ''Saint Stephen's Church Reaches the Millennium.'' * Haight, Robert S. ''St. Stephen's Church: Its History for 250 years: 1725 to 1975.'' * Jones, Keith. [[2002]]. ''Farmers against the Crown.''<!--De Proelio Ridgefieldensi per Bellum Rerum Novarum--> * Jones, Keith Marshall. [[2001]]. ''The Farms of Farmingville.'' * Rockwell, George L. ''History of Ridgefield.'' * Salzman, Mark. [[1996]]. ''Lost in Place: Growing Up Absurd in Suburbia.'' * Sanders, Jack. [[2003]]. ''Ridgefield 1900-1950.'' * Sanders, Jack. ''Five Village Walks.'' * Teller, Daniel [[1878]]. ''The History of Ridgefield, Connecticut.''<!--Teller was pastor of the First Congregational Church--> * Welsh, Glenna M. [[1976]]. ''The Proprietors of Ridgefield.'' == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ridgefield, Connecticut|Ridgefield Connecticutae}}<!-- {{Wikivoyage|Fairfield County}}--> ;Gubernatio, salus, et educatio * [http://www.ridgefieldct.org/ Situs proprius,] www.ridgefieldct.org * [http://www.ridgefield.org/ Scholae publicae,] www.ridgefield.org * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080919165012/http://www.ridgefield.org/go.asp?go=!SiteStationAF&x=TPLGen&TPL=Frameset_RHS.htm Artes athleticae Scholae Superioris,] www.ridgefield.org * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151122182346/http://rosaopenspace.org/ Societas Spatii Aperti,] www.rosaopenspace.org ;Media loci * [http://news.hamlethub.com/ridgefield Nuntii,] news.hamlethub.com * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509132549/http://www.acorn-online.com/news/publish/ridgefield.shtml ''The Ridgefield Press,'' diurnum,] www.acorn-online.com<!-- Ridgefield's community newspaper since 1875--> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130920160935/http://ridgefield-magazine.com/ ''Ridgefield Magazine,''] www.ridgefield-magazine.com<!-- published bimonthly, with features on Ridgefield and surrounding towns--> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140831165452/http://www.newstimes.com/ ''The News-Times,'' diurnum,] newstimes.com<!--published daily in Danbury, carries news of Ridgefield--> * [http://www.wlad.com WLAD, 800 AM,] www.wlad.com<!-- covers breaking news of Ridgefield--> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140509212731/http://www.ridgefieldlive.com/ Chat,] www.ridgefieldlive.com<!--a community chat board--> * [http://www.ridgefieldltoday.com Directorium negotiorum,]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} www.ridgefieldtoday.com<!--business directory dedicated to Ridgefield, CT and social news every 15 minutes.--> ;Situs historicus Iacobi Sanders<!-- Jack Sanders, an editor at ''The Ridgefield Press'', has extensive information about the town's history at his [http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/history.htm website]--> * [http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/names.htm Ridgefield Names: A history of a Connecticut town through its place names] * [http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/whoswho.htm Notable Ridgefielders in the Twentieth century] * [http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/pcindex.htm Postcard views of Ridgefield in the early 20th Century] * [http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/timeline1900.htm Timeline of Twentieth century events in Ridgefield] * [http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/jared.htm Diary of Ridgefielder Jared Nash, 1865-1866] * [http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/maps.htm Old maps of Ridgefield]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/authors.htm A list of Ridgefield authors] * [http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/historybooks.htm Books about Ridgefield] * [http://jackfsanders.tripod.com/cemeteries.htm Information on Ridgefield cemeteries] ;Templa religiosa * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140822235410/http://stmarysridgefield.org/ St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church] * [http://www.parishesonline.com/Scripts/HostedSites/Org.asp?ID=2647 St. Elizabeth Seton Roman Catholic Church] * [http://www.firstcongregational.com First Congregational Church] * [http://www.ststephens-ridgefield.org/ St. Stephen's Episcopal Church] * [http://jesseleechurch.com/ Jesse Lee Memorial United Methodist Church] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140812113918/http://www.standrewselca.com/ St. Andrew's Lutheran Church] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110924014343/http://www.ridgeburychurch.org/ Ridgebury Congregational Church] * [http://ridgefieldbaptist.org/rbc/ Ridgefield Baptist Church]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.christiansciencect.org/ridgefield/ First Church of Christ, Scientist] * http://www.tsiridgefield.org/{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Temple Shearith Israel] <!--pro tem, pro: [[Categoria:Ridgefield Connecticutae| ]] + [[Categoria:Oppida in Connecticuta]] + [[Category:Towns in Fairfield County, Connecticut]] + [[Category:Towns in the New York metropolitan area]]--> [[Categoria:Constituta 1708]] [[Categoria:Urbes Connecticutae]] 2ck047nlqbwrw7ntzy0z4nml9vvpjmp 0 227564 3957315 3936414 2026-04-27T20:20:16Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957315 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Burning-Bush-1.gif|thumb|[[Symbolus]] ab [[Ecclesia Presbyteriana in Hibernia]] adhibitus.<ref>[http://www.presbyterianireland.org/about-us/historical-information/burning-bush Presbyterian Church in Ireland].</ref> [[Rubus ardens]] est signum usitatum ab ecclesiis Presbyterianis per [[tellus|orbem terrarum]] adhibitum.]] '''Presbyterianismus''' est ramus [[Calvinismus|Protestantismi Reformati]] qui origines trahit ex [[Insulae Britannicae|Insulis Britannicis]]. Ecclesiae Presbyterianae suum nomen a [[politia presbyteriana|presbyteriana]] [[politia ecclesiastica|administrationis ecclesiasticae]] forma deducunt, quae est [[rectio|administratio]] per conventus repraesentativos [[maior Presbyterianus|maiorum]] coetus effecta. Multae ecclesiae reformatae sic ordinantur, sed [[vocabulum]] ''Presbyterianus,'' cum capitalizatum, saepe ad ecclesias quae earum origines ex ecclesiis Scoticis et Anglicis quae illum nomen tulerunt et ad greges Anglicos politicos qui per [[Bellum Civile Anglicum]] nati sunt unice adhibetur.<ref>Philip Benedict ''Christ's Churches Purely Reformed: A Social History of Calvinism'' (Portu Novo: Yale University Press, 2002, ISBN 9780300105070), xiv.</ref> [[Theologia]] Presbyteriana principatum [[Deus|Dei]], [[auctoritas|auctoritatem]] [[Biblia|scripturarum]], et necessitudinem [[gratia]]e per [[fides|fidem]] [[Christus|Christi]] usitate exprimit. [[Politia ecclesiastica]] Presbyteriana in [[Scotia]] ab [[Actus Unionis|Actibus Unionis]] anno [[1707]] sanctis constituta est,<ref>{{cite web|title=Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aosp/1707/6|work=The National Archives|publisher=United Kingdom}}.</ref> qui [[Britanniarum Regnum|regnum Magnae Britanniae]] creaverunt. Plurimi Presbyteriani re vera in Anglia inventi a maioribus [[Scoti]]s repetere possunt, et secta Presbyteriana in [[America Septentrionalis|Americam Septentrionalem]] importata est plerumque ab advenis Scotis et [[Americanus Scotico-Hibernianus|Scotis-Hibernicis]]. Sectae Presbyterianae in [[Scotia]] [[theologia]]m [[Ioannes Calvinus|Ioannis Calvini]] et eius proximorum successorum tenent, quamquam intra Presbyterianismum hodiernum homines diversas declarant sententias. [[Fasciculus:John Knox woodcut.jpg|thumb|[[Ioannes Knox]].]] [[Fasciculus:USVA headstone emb-04.svg|thumb|160px|Crux Presbyteriana.]] [[Fasciculus:Presbyterian Catechising.jpg|thumb|Presbyterianus [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicensimo]] [[spectator (theatrum)|auditores]] [[catechesis|catechizat]].]] [[Fasciculus:Covenanters in a Glen.jpg|thumb|''Covenanters in a Glen''&thinsp;: [[conventiculum]] contra [[lex|leges]].]] [[Fasciculus:Presbyterian Family Connections.jpg|thumb|Progressus Presbyterianismi in Civitatibus Foederatis.]] [[Fasciculus:The First Presbyterian Church Phoenix.JPG|thumb|[[Prima Ecclesia Presbyteriana (Phoenix Arizonae)|Prima Ecclesia Presbyteriana]] [[Phoenix (Arizona)|Phoenicis]] [[Arizona]]e.]] [[Fasciculus:Catedral Presbiteriana, Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Ecclesia Presbyteriana [[Urbs Fluminensis|Urbis Fluminensis]] [[Brasilia]]e.]] [[Fasciculus:Jowai Presbyterian Church.JPG|thumb|[[Ecclesia Presbyteriana Jowai]] [[India]]e.]]<!-- [[Fasciculus:Timeline of Aust. Pres. Denominations.png|thumb|500px|Timeline showing the Presbyterian denominations in Australia over the past 100 years, and the movement of congregations from one to another]]--> [[Fasciculus:Kaikorai Presbyterian Church Dunedin New Zealand.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Ecclesia Presbyteriana Kaikorai]] [[Nova Zelandia|Novae Zelandiae]].]] Congregationes in variis locis [[politia presbyteriana]] utentes a [[sessio (Presbyterianismus)|sessionibus]] in legatis congregationis ([[maior presbyterianus|maiorum]]) constistentibus administrantur. Hic usus [[conciliaritas|conciliaritatis]] in aliis decernendi gradibus ([[presbyterium (politia ecclesiastica)|presbyterio]], [[synodus Presbyterianus|synodo]], [[Coetus Generalis (Presbyterianismus)|coetu generali]]) etiam inveniuntir. Radices Presbyterianismi in [[Europa]]ea [[saeculum 16|saeculi sexti decimi]] [[Reformatio|Reformatione Protestante]] iacent; exemplum [[Genava]]e [[Ioannes Calvinus|Ioannis Calvini]] auctoritatem gravem praesertim habet. Plurimae [[Calvinismus|ecclesiae reformatae]] ex [[cultura]] [[Scotia|Scotica]] ortae aut presbyterianae aut [[politas Congregationalis|congregationalisticae]] in [[rectio]]ne sunt. [[Saeculum 20|Saeculo vicensimo]], nonnulli Presbyteriani, inter quos [[Concilium Ecclesiarum Universum]]<!--World Council of Churches--> fuit, partes magni momenti in [[Motus oecumenicus|motu oecumenico]] egerunt. Multae sectae Presbyterianae cum aliis sectis reformatis et Christianis aliarum traditionum una agunt, praecipue in [[Communio Ecclesiarum Reformatarum Universa|Communione Ecclesiarum Reformatarum Universa]]. Nonnullae ecclesiae Presbyterianae se cum aliis ecclesiis coniunxerunt, sicut [[Ecclesiae Congregationales|Congregationalistae]], [[Lutherani]], [[Anglicani]], et [[Methodistae]]. ==Historia== [[Historia]] Presbyteriana est pars [[historia Christianitatis]], sed initium Presbyterianismi ue motus distinctus per [[Reformatio]]nem Protestantem [[saeculum 16|saeculi sexti decimi]] factum est. Cum [[Ecclesia Catholica]] correctoribus obstarent, omnis ecclesia Christiana fissa est, et varii motus [[theologia|theologici]] varias sectas pepererunt. Praecipue motus est Presbyterianismus a [[Ioannes Calvinus|Ioanne Calvino]], theologo [[Francia|Francico]], qui progressum inspiravit [[Calvinismus|theologiam reformatam]] et opus [[Ioannes Knox|Ioannis Knox]], Scotici qui discipulus Calvini [[Genava]]e in [[Helvetia]] eius doctrinam ad Scotiam tulerunt. Ecclesia Presbyteriana principio ex [[Anglia]] et [[Scotia]] ergo venit. Mense Augusto [[1560]], [[Parlamentum Scotiae]] [[Confessio Scotica|Confessionem Scoticam]] sanxit, pro publica regni Scotici [[fides|fide]]. Decembri mense eiusdem anni, ''[[Primus Liber Disciplinae]]'' prolatus est, qui res doctrinales magni momenti exposuit, sed etiam praecepta [[rectio]]nis ecclesiae constituit, inter quas creatio fuit [[decem]] ecclesiae [[districtus|districtuum]], quibus fuerunt procuratores designati, ad ultimum [[presbyterium (politas ecclesiastica)|presbyteria]] appellata.<ref>{{CathEnc|13627a|Established Church of Scotland|from=Q922480}}.</ref> ==Vanuatu== [[Ecclesia Presbyteriana in Vanuatu]] est maxima secta in [[civitas|civitate]] constituta, cui est fere tertia pars numeri civium Christianorum. Haec ecclesia in Vanuatu a [[missionarius|missionariis]] ex [[Scotia]] missis importata est. Caput Ecclesiae Presybyterianae in Vanuatu est moderator cuius officina in urbe [[Portus Vila|Portu Vila]] est. Ecclesia potestantem praestantem in provinciis [[Tafea]], [[Shefa Provincia|Shefa]], et [[Malampa]] habet. Provincia [[Sanma Provincia|Sanma]] plerumque est Presbyteriana, sed insignis minoritas [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholica Romana]] in [[regio]]nibis [[francophonus|francophonis]] [[habitatio|habitant]]; sunt homines Presbyteriani, sed nulla ecclesiae ordinatae Presbyterianae, in [[Penama]] et [[Torba Province|Torba]], quarum ambae provinciae plerumque [[Ecclesia Anglicana|Anglicanae]] sunt. Vanuatu est sola civitas in [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacifico Australi]] cui sunt maior hereditas multique assectatores Presbyteriani. Ecclesia Presbyteriana in Vanuatu est unus ex conditoribus [[Concilium Christianum Vanuatuense|Concilii Christiani Vanuatensis]], et multas [[ludus litterarius|scholas primarias]] et scholam secundariam Onesua exercet. Ecclesia, quamquam nonnulli assectatores [[fundamentalismus Christianus|fundamentalistae]] modo [[Civitates Foederatae|Americano]] facti sunt, potens manet, praecipue in [[vicus|pagis]] rusticis. {{NexInt}} *[[Reformatio]] *[[Regium Donum]] *[[Religio in Scotia]] *[[Tempus Necandi]]<!-- *[[Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy]] *[[Ghost Ranch]] *[[Puritan's Pit]] *[[Reformed confessions of faith#Presbyterian|Confessions of faith]] *[[Scotch-Irish American]]--> ===Ecclesiae=== *[[Cathedralis Sancti Giles]], Edinburgi (Ecclesia Scotiae)<!--famous among Presbyterians worldwide for John Knox's success in preaching there--> *[[Index ecclesiarum Presbyterianarum]] *[[Index sectarum Christianarum#Presbyterianismus]]<!-- ===Collegia et seminaria=== *[[:Category:Presbyterian universities and colleges|Presbyterian universities and colleges]]--> ===Homines=== Clerici et theologi: *[[Alexander Henderson (theologus)|Alexander Henderson]] *[[Andreas Jackson]] *[[Gulielmus Guthrie (Puritanus)|Gulielmus Guthrie]], scriptor [http://www.covenantofgrace.com/christians_great_interest.htm ''The Christian's Great Interest'']{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[[Iacobus Renwick]], covenanter et martyr *[[Thomas Boston]] *[[Buzz Aldrin]] *[[Radulphus Erskine (praedicator)|Radulphus Erskine]], [[praedicator]] et [[poeta]] *[[Thomas M'Crie Maior]] (scripsit ''Life of John Knox'') *[[Robertus Murray McCheyne]] *[[Ioannes Barret (divinus)]] *[[Gulielmus Chalmers Burns]]<!-- (revival preacher, missionary to China)--> *[[Eugenius Carson Blake]] *[[Fridericus Buechner]] *[[Gordon Clark]] *[[Robertus Lewis Dabney]] * [[J. Ligon Duncan]] *[[Georgius MacPherson Docherty]] *[[Ioannes Forrest (clericus Canadiensis)|Ioannes Forrest]] (clericus Canadiensis et educator) *[[Ricardus Gaffin]] *[[Sylvester Graham]], nutritionista et pastor *[[Archibaldus Alexander Hodge]] *[[Carolus Hodge]] *[[Ricardus C. Halverson]] *[[Timothaeus J. Keller]] *[[Bryan Chapell]] *[[D. Iacobus Kennedy]] *[[J. Gresham Machen]] *[[Petrus Marshall (praedicator)|Petrus Marshall]], [[praedicator]] *[[Donn Moomaw]] *[[Ioannes Murray (theologus)|Ioannes Murray]] *[[Fridericus Rogers]], hostis televisificus et pastor *[[Franciscus Schaeffer]] *[[Gulielmus Sunday]] *[[Iacobus Henley Thornwell]] *[[Thomas Torrance]] *[[Cornelius Van Til]] *[[R. J. Rushdoony]] *[[Ioannes Frame (theologus)|Ioannes Frame]] *[[Radulphus Waite]], [[histrio]] et [[pastor]] *[[Beniaminus Breckinridge Warfield]] *[[Robertus Ricardus Wilson]] *[[Ioannes Witherspoon]] ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Adams, Jay E. [[1975]]. ''The Meaning and Mode of Baptism'' Thomas Shepard.<!--Reformed Presbyterian perspective on Aspersion & Affusion--> *Brown, Stewart J. [[2001]]. ''The National Churches of England, Ireland, and Scotland, 1801-46.'' *Chaney, James M. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090708014704/http://www.doulosresources.org/books/william/william.html William the Baptist].''<!--Reformed Presbyterian perspective on baptism and infant baptism--> *Davies, A. Mervyn. [[1965]]. ''Presbyterian Heritage.'' *Foote, William Henry. [[1846]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080204211838/http://www.roanetnhistory.org/footenorthcarolina.html ''Sketches of North Carolina, Historical and Biographical,''] www.roanethistory.org<!--history of early North Carolina and its Presbyterian churches--> *Klempa, William, ed. [[1994]]. ''The Burning Bush and a Few Acres of Snow: The Presbyterian Contribution to Canadian Life and Culture.'' *Lang. Andrew. [[1905]]. ''John Knox and the Reformation.'' *Lingle, Walter L., et John W. Kuykendall. [[1978]]. ''Presbyterians: Their History and Beliefs.'' Ed. 4a. Atlantae: Westminster John Knox Press. *Marsden, George M. [[2004]]. ''The Evangelical Mind and the New School Presbyterian Experience.'' *Noll, Mark A. [[2004]]. ''Princeton And The Republic, 1768–1822.'' *Shepard, Thomas. [[1662]]. ''[http://www.apuritansmind.com/covenant-theology/children-and-church-membership-by-dr-thomas-shepard/ The Church Membership of Children, and Their Right to Baptism].''<!--Reformed Presbyterian perspective on infants' right to church membership--> *Smith, Frank Joseph. [[1985]]. ''The History of the Presbyterian Church in America.'' Manassas Virginiae: Reformation Education Foundation. *Smylie, James H. [[1996]]. ''Brief History of the Presbyterians.'' Ludovicopoli Kentukiae: Geneva Press. *Sweet, William Warren. [[1936]]. ''Religion on the American Frontier, 1783—1840.'' Vol. 2: ''The Presbyterians.'' *Thompson, Ernest Trice. [[1963]]–[[1973]]. ''Presbyterians in the South.'' Vol. 1: ad 1860. Vol. 2: 1861–1890. Vol. 3: 1890–1972. *Trinterud, Leonard J. [[1949]]. ''The Forming of an American Tradition: A Re-Examination of Colonial Presbyterianism.'' ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Presbyterianism|Presbyterianismum}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110725145645/http://www.cathedralofhope.org/about/church-history-architecture.html "History and Architecture :: East Liberty Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, PA,"] www.cathedralofhope.org *[http://www.phcmontreat.org "Presbyterian Heritage and History Center,"] www.phcmontreat.org *[http://www.prpbooks.com/ "Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing,"] www.prpbooks.com *[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090902103505/http%3A//www.pcusa.org/101/101%2Dhistory.htm "Presbyterian 101: Mission and Ministry,"] www.pcusa.org<!-- * St.Andrews Prebystarian church in Lahore, Pakistan.[http://www.pcpnabharoad.com Church Website]--> [[Categoria:Calvinismus]] [[Categoria:Communitates Protestantes]] [[Categoria:Presbyterianismus| ]] [[Categoria:Reformatio]] [[Categoria:Termini Christiani]] dqmx7967vvo7k6rcun9yimoaw35rg5i 0 248690 3957323 3894376 2026-04-27T21:33:29Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957323 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:John McCarthy Stanford.jpg|thumb|[[Ioannes McCarthy]], qui [[Lisp]] evolvit, in congressu [[academia|academico]] anno [[2006]] [[photographia|photographatus]].]] {{res|Programmatio functionalis}} in [[scientia computatralis|scientia computatrali]] est [[paradigma programmandi]], modus structurae et elementorum programmatum computatralium [[aedificium|aedificandorum]], qui [[computatio]]nem habet aestimationem [[functio (mathematica)|functionum mathematicarum]], et [[data]] [[status programmationis|statum]] mutantem et data [[res immutabilis|mutabilia]] evitat. Quae est paradigma [[programmatio declarativa|programmationis declarativae]], quod significat programmationem per [[expressio (scientia computatralis)|expressiones]] effici. In codice functionali, exitialis functionis aestimatio dependet solum de argumentis quae in functionem imponuntur; ergo functio ''f'' bis appellata per eandem aestimationem pro argumento ''x'' eundem exitum ''f(x)'' quoque tempore generabit. Deletis effectibus adiunctis (mutatibus status quae in ''inputs'' functionum non dependent), mores programmatis facilius intelleguntur et praedicuntur, quod est unum ex propositis maximi momenti programmationis functionalis. Programmatio functionalis in [[calculus lambda|calculo lambda]] condita est, in [[systema formale|systemate formali]] [[decennium 194|annis 1930]] evoluto ad [[computabilitas|computabilitatem]], [[Entscheidungsproblem]], definitionem [[functio]]num, adhibitionem functionum, et [[recursio]]nem investigandam. Multae functionales [[lingua programmandi|linguae programmandi]] videri possunt lima calculi lambda. [[Programmatio logica]], aliud paradigma programmationis declarativum bene notum in [[relatio (logica)|relationibus]] conditur.<ref>Hudak 1989.</ref> Contra, [[programmatio imperativa]] statum mutat per iussa in lingua fontis, quorum simplicissimum est mera attributio. Programmatio imperativa functiones nihilominus habet, non sensu [[mathematica|mathematico]], sed sensu ad [[subordo (scientia computatralis|subordines]] pertinente. Eis esse possunt [[effectus lateralis (scientia computatralis)|effectus laterales]] qui aestimationem status programmatis mutare possunt. Functiones aestimationibus redituris carentes ergo significationem habent. Quam ob causam, [[pelluciditas referentialis|pelluciditate referentiali]]<!--referential transparency--> carent; hoc est, eadem expressio linguae varias aestimationes temporibus variis efficere potest, statum programmatis exsecutentis monstrantes.<ref>Hudak 1989.</ref> Linguae programmationis functionalis, praecipue linguae [[pure functionalis|pure functionales]] sicut [[Hope (lingua programmandi)|Hope]] et [[Rex (lingua programmandi)|Rex]], plerumque in [[academia]] expressae sunt, potius quam in progressu [[programmationis]] commercialis. Functionales autem linguae prominentes sicut [[Common Lisp]], [[Scheme (lingua programmandi)|Scheme]],<ref>Clinger 1987.</ref> <ref>Hartheimer 1987.</ref><ref>Kidd 2007.</ref><ref>Cleis 2006.</ref> [[Clojure]],<ref>UseR 2006.</ref><ref>Chambers.</ref> [[lingua Wolframiana]] <ref>Wolfram 2015.</ref> (etiam [[Mathematica]] appellata), [[Racket (lingua programmani)|Racket]], [[Erlang (lingua programmandi)|Erlang]],<ref>Erlang.</ref><ref>Armstrong 2007.</ref><ref>Larson 2009:48.</ref> [[OCaml]],<ref>Minsky 2008.</ref><ref>Leroy 2007.</ref> [[Haskell (lingua programmandi)|Haskell]],<ref>Haskell.</ref><ref>Hudak 2007.</ref> et [[F Sharp (lingua programmandi)|F#]]<ref>Mansell 2008.</ref><ref>Peake 2009.</ref> in adhibitionibus industrialibus et commercialibus a variissimis [[organizatio]]nibus adhibitae sunt. Programmatio functionalis etiam in nonnullis [[lingua programmandi in dominio propria|linguis programmandi in dominiis propriis]], sicut [[J (lingua programmandi)|J]], [[K (lingua programmandi)|K]], [[Q (lingua programmandi ex Kx Systems)|Q ex Kx Systems]] (analysis pecuniaria), [[R (lingua programmandi)|R]] (statistica), [[XQuery]]/[[XSLT]] ([[XML]]),<ref>Novatchev.</ref><ref>Mertz.</ref> et Opal sustinetur. Linguae declarativae in dominio propriae late notae, sicut [[SQL]] et [[Lex (lingua programmationis)|Lex]]/[[Yacc]], nonnullis programmationis functionalis elementis utuntur, praecipue cum [[res mutabilis|aestimationes mutabiles]] evitent.<ref>Chamberlin et Boyce 1974.</ref> Programmare modo functionali etiam effici potest in linguis pro programmatione functionali non praecipue designatis. Exempli gratia, [[Perl]], lingua programmandi imperativa, est res [[liber|libri]] qui rationem notionum programmandi functionalis adhibendarum enarrat.<ref>Dominus 2005.</ref> Hoc etiam ad [[PHP]] linguam programmandi pertinet.<ref>Holywell 2014.</ref> Linguae [[C Sharp (lingua programmandi)|C#]] 3.0 et [[Java (lingua programmandi)|Java]] 8 constructa ad meliorem faciendum modum functionalem addiderunt. Lingua [[Julia (lingua programmandi)|Julia]] praebet facultates programmandi functionalis. Casus iucundus est [[Scala (lingua programmandi)|Scala]], quae modo functionali saepe scribitur, sed praesentia effectuum lateralium et status mutabilis eam in regione cana inter linguas imperativam et functionalem ponunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Abelson, Hal, et Gerald Jay Sussman. [[1985]]. [http://mitpress.mit.edu/sicp ''Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs.''] Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press. * Armstrong, Joe. [[2007]]. [http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1238844.1238850 A history of Erlang.] ''Third ACM SIGPLAN Conference on History of Programming Languages.'' Didacopoli. * Chamberlin, Donald D., et Raymond F. Boyce. [[1974]]. SEQUEL: A structured English query language. ''Proceedings of the 1974 ACM SIGFIDET,'' 249–264. * Chambers, John M. [[1998]]. ''Programming with Data: A Guide to the S Language.'' Springer Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-98503-9. * Cleis, Richard. [[2006]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100527100429/http://cufp.galois.com/2006/abstracts.html#RichardCleis "Scheme in Space."] CUFP. * Clinger, Will. [[1987]]. [http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.03/03.12/Multitasking/index.html MultiTasking and MacScheme.] ''MacTech'' 3(12). * Cousineau, Guy, et Michel Mauny. [[1998]]. ''The Functional Approach to Programming.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. * Curry, Haskell Brooks, Robert Feys, et William Craig. [[1958]]. ''Combinatory Logic''. Vol. I. Amstelodami: North-Holland Publishing Company. * Curry, Haskell B., J. Roger Hindley, et Jonathan P. Seldin. [[1972]]. ''Combinatory Logic.'' Vol. 2. Amstelodami: North Holland. ISBN 0-7204-2208-6. * Dominus, Mark Jason. [[2005]]. ''[http://hop.perl.plover.com/book/pdf/HigherOrderPerl.pdf Higher-Order Perl].'' Morgan Kaufmann. * Dominus, Mark J. [[2005]]. ''Higher-Order Perl.'' Morgan Kaufmann. ISBN 1-55860-701-3. * EDF Researchers. [[2011]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130917092159/http://research.edf.com/research-and-the-scientific-community/software/sim-diasca-80704.html Sim-Diasca: a large-scale discrete event concurrent simulation engine in Erlang.] * Erlang. Who uses Erlang for product development? Frequently asked questions about Erlang. [http://www.erlang.org/faq/faq.html#AEN50 FAQ.] * Felleisen, Matthias, Robert Findler, Matthew Flatt, et Shriram Krishnamurthi. [[2001]]. [http://www.htdp.org ''How to Design Programs.''] Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press. * Graham, Paul. [[1996]]. ''ANSI Common LISP.'' Englewood Cliffs Novae Caesareae: Prentice Hall. * Hartheimer, Anne. [[1987]]. [http://www.mactech.com/articles/mactech/Vol.03/03.1/SchemeWindows/index.html Programming a Text Editor in MacScheme+Toolsmith.] ''MacTech'' 3(1). * Haskell. [http://www.haskell.org/haskellwiki/Haskell_in_industry Haskell in industry.] ''Haskell Wiki.'' * Holywell, Simon. [[2014]]. ''Functional Programming in PHP.'' php[architect] [sic]. ISBN 978-1-940111-05-6. * Hudak, Paul. [[1989]]. Conception, evolution, and application of functional programming languages. ''Association for Computing Machinery Computing Surveys'' 21(3):359–411. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160131083528/http://www.dbnet.ece.ntua.gr/~adamo/languages/books/p359-hudak.pdf PDF.] doi:10.1145/72551.72554. * Hudak, Paul, J. Hughes, S. P. Jones, et P. Wadler. [[2007]]. [http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=1238844.1238856 A history of Haskell: being lazy with class.] Third ACM SIGPLAN Conference on History of Programming Languages, Didacopoli, Iunio. doi:10.1145/1238844.1238856. * Kidd, Eric. [[2007]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101221110947/http://cufp.galois.com/2007/abstracts.html#EricKidd ''Terrorism Response Training in Scheme.''] CUFP 2007. * Larson, Jim. [[2009]]. Erlang for concurrent programming. ''Communications of the ACM'' 52(3). doi:10.1145/1467247.1467263. * Leroy, Xavier. [[2007]]. Some uses of Caml in Industry. CUFP. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111008170929/http://cufp.galois.com/2007/slides/XavierLeroy.pdf PDF.] * MacLennan, Bruce J. [[1990]]. ''Functional Programming: Practice and Theory.'' Reading Massachusettae: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-13744-5. * Mansell, Howard. [[2008]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150708125937/http://cufp.galois.com/2008/abstracts.html#MansellHoward ''Quantitative Finance in F#.''] CUFP. * Mertz, David. [http://gnosis.cx/publish/programming/xml_models_fp.html XML Programming Paradigms (part four): Functional Programming approached to XML processing.] ''IBM developerWorks.'' * Minsky, Yaron, et Stephen Weeks. [[2008]]. Caml Trading — experiences with functional programming on Wall Street.''Journal of Functional Programming'' 18(4):553–564. doi:10.1017/S095679680800676X. * Novatchev, Dimitre. [http://www.topxml.com/xsl/articles/fp/ The Functional Programming Language XSLT: A proof through examples.] ''TopXML.'' * O'Sullivan, Brian, Don Stewart, et John Goerzen. [[2008]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111015030014/http://book.realworldhaskell.org/read/ ''Real World Haskell.''] O'Reilly. * Peake, Alex. [[2009]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091017070140/http://cufp.galois.com/2009/abstracts.html#AlexPeakeAdamGranicz ''The First Substantial Line of Business Application in F#.''] CUFP. * Pratt, Terrence W., et Marvin V. Zelkowitz. [[1996]]. ''Programming Languages: Design and Implementation.'' Ed. 3a. Englewood Cliffs Novae Caesareae: Prentice Hall. * Racket. State-Based Scripting in Uncharted 2. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121215014637/http://www.gameenginebook.com/gdc09-statescripting-uncharted2.pdf PDF.] * Salus, Peter H. [[1998]]. ''Functional and Logic Programming Languages.'' Handbook of Programming Languages, 4. Indianapoli: Macmillan Technical Publishing. * Spiewak, Daniel. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923205254/http://www.codecommit.com/blog/scala/implementing-persistent-vectors-in-scala ''Implementing Persistent Vectors in Scala.''] * Thompson, Simon. [[1996]]. ''Haskell: The Craft of Functional Programming.'' Harlow Angliae: Addison-Wesley Longman Limited. * [http://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/FunctionalProgramming.html ''Wolfram Language Guide: Functional Programming.''] [[2015]]. == Nexus externi == * Akhmechet, Slava.[[2006]]. [http://www.defmacro.org/ramblings/fp.html "Functional Programming For The Rest of Us,"] www.defmacro.org * Ford, Neal. [[2012]]. [http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/java/library/j-ft20/index.html "Functional thinking: Why functional programming is on the rise,"] www.ibm.com * Mertz, David. ''Functional programming in Python'': [http://gnosis.cx/publish/programming/charming_python_13.html pars 1]; [http://gnosis.cx/publish/programming/charming_python_16.html pars 2]; [http://gnosis.cx/publish/programming/charming_python_19.html pars 3] {{Myrias|Technologia}} [[Categoria:Paradigmata programmandi]] [[Categoria:Programmatio functionalis| ]] aands4ginv57489ooujltoaz0kg9983 0 257150 3957307 3744597 2026-04-27T19:50:19Z StannileiusIohnsonius 208506 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 3957307 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Bachhaus Eisenach 2009.jpg|thumb|Domus Bachiana quae dicitur ad sinistram cum museo]] '''Domus Bachiana''' ([[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]: ''Bachhaus'') [[Ysenacum|Ysenaci]] hodie museum est ad Aream Deiparae situm. Locus natalis [[Ioannes Sebastianus Bach|Ioannis Sebastiani Bach]] quotannis multos homines allicit. == Historia == Platea Deiparae nomen ducit a Cathedrali BMV maxima quae anno 1692 demolita est. Schola pictorum instruendorum cuius fundationem ipse [[Ioannes Volfgangus Goethe|Goethius]] proposuerat, anno 1944 pyrobolis destructa est: alia vetera aedificia annis 1950 abstulerunt barbari postbellici. In parte superiori istius plateae monumentum Ioannis Sebastiani Bach invenitur, quem hic natum esse ferunt. Confectum est a sculptore Adolpho de Donndorf anno 1884; neque semper in situ erat, cum anno 1938 a foro nundinarum ante [[Ecclesia Sancti Georgii (Ysenacum)|Ecclesiam S Georgii]] huc translatum esset. Ut fabricaretur, concentus dederunt illustrissmi musici [[Clara Schumann]] et [[Franciscus Liszt]] inter alios. Tabula ex aere, in qua de genio legitur, non iam in suggesto sub pedibus sed in tergo compositoris affixa est. == Museum == Anno 1946 museum post [[Secundum bellum mundanum]] reinauguratum annis inter 2005 et 2007 a fundo novum factum est architecto Bertholdo Penkhues [[Casella|Casellensi]]. Societas Bach [[Lipsia]]e anno 1900 condita operam navans de hereditate musici ingeniosissimi colenda, cuius memoria post eius mortem evanuerat, in urbe natali eius agere coepit. Instituerunt anno 1907 sodales museum Bachianum in orbe terrarum primum in aedibus quibusdam, quas domum natalem habebant. Interim constat Ioannem Sebastianum alibi ad Aream Deiparae natum esse. Tamen agitur de aedificio vetusto visu digno, quod est anceps [[aedificium]] annis 1456 et 1458 erectum annoque 1611 coniunctum. Hic familiares Bachianos quosdam habitasse certum est. Intranti ianuas Scholae antiquae Sancti Thomae Lipsiensis anno 1902 destructae monstrant necon effigiem sensu divino praeditissimi musici ab Ioanne Heisig pictam. Exhibitiones non solum de vita familiae Bach et maxime de Ioanne Sebastiano narrant sed vitam quotidianam burgensem saeculi XVIII revivi faciunt quoque. Instrumentis historicis duodeviginti canere vistitantibus licet. Saepius symphoniaci periti exemplo sunt. Hominibus minus audacibus musicam multam auscultare occasio praebetur. Bibliotheca reconstructa et documenta non solum de vita musarum filii maximi istius referunt sed etiam de techica adhibita in rebus componendis. Hortum posticum idyllicum visitare fas est. Ad quae omnia veniunt expositiones temporales, frequentatio archivi specialis, illuminatio nocturna artificiosa. == Bibliographia == * Ilse Domizlaff: ''Das Bachhaus Eisenach: Fakten und Dokumente''. Bachhaus, Eisenach 1984. * Conrad Freyse: ''Fünfzig Jahre Bachhaus''. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin 1958. * Wolfgang Heyde: ''Historische Musikinstrumente im Bachhaus Eisenach'', Bachhaus, Eisenach, 1976. * Jörg Hansen: ''Bachhaus Eisenach''. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2011 (7. Aufl.), ISBN 978-3-7954-4008-4. * Jörg Hansen: ''100 Jahre Bachhaus Eisenach. Neubau, Altbausanierung, Neugestaltung der Ständigen Ausstellung und feierliche Eröffnung am 17. Mai 2007.'' In: ''Thüringer Museumshefte.'' 16, 2007, 1, p. 101–112. * Jörg Hansen: ''10 Jahre Bachhaus Eisenach GmbH. Ein Erfahrungsbericht''. In: ''Thüringer Museumshefte.'' 20, 2011, 1, p. 48–61. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Bachhaus Eisenach|Domum Bachianam}} {{Grc|Οἰκία τοῦ Μπάχ (Ἄϊζεναχ)}} * [http://www.bachhaus.de/ Musei pagina domestica] * [http://www.neue-bachgesellschaft.de/ Novae Societatis Bachianae situs proprius] [[Categoria:Iohannes Sebastianus Bachius]] [[Categoria:Ysenacum]] [[Categoria:Musea Germanica]] 63zkczs4oxy9zsayj54635bx215dssm 3957327 3957307 2026-04-27T22:06:48Z IacobusAmor 1163 Nexus iam adest. 3957327 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Bachhaus Eisenach 2009.jpg|thumb|Domus Bachiana quae dicitur ad sinistram cum museo]] '''Domus Bachiana''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Bachhaus'') [[Ysenacum|Ysenaci]] hodie museum est ad Aream Deiparae situm. Locus natalis [[Ioannes Sebastianus Bach|Ioannis Sebastiani Bach]] quotannis multos homines allicit. == Historia == Platea Deiparae nomen ducit a Cathedrali BMV maxima quae anno 1692 demolita est. Schola pictorum instruendorum cuius fundationem ipse [[Ioannes Volfgangus Goethe|Goethius]] proposuerat, anno 1944 pyrobolis destructa est: alia vetera aedificia annis 1950 abstulerunt barbari postbellici. In parte superiori istius plateae monumentum Ioannis Sebastiani Bach invenitur, quem hic natum esse ferunt. Confectum est a sculptore Adolpho de Donndorf anno 1884; neque semper in situ erat, cum anno 1938 a foro nundinarum ante [[Ecclesia Sancti Georgii (Ysenacum)|Ecclesiam S Georgii]] huc translatum esset. Ut fabricaretur, concentus dederunt illustrissmi musici [[Clara Schumann]] et [[Franciscus Liszt]] inter alios. Tabula ex aere, in qua de genio legitur, non iam in suggesto sub pedibus sed in tergo compositoris affixa est. == Museum == Anno 1946 museum post [[Secundum bellum mundanum]] reinauguratum annis inter 2005 et 2007 a fundo novum factum est architecto Bertholdo Penkhues [[Casella|Casellensi]]. Societas Bach [[Lipsia]]e anno 1900 condita operam navans de hereditate musici ingeniosissimi colenda, cuius memoria post eius mortem evanuerat, in urbe natali eius agere coepit. Instituerunt anno 1907 sodales museum Bachianum in orbe terrarum primum in aedibus quibusdam, quas domum natalem habebant. Interim constat Ioannem Sebastianum alibi ad Aream Deiparae natum esse. Tamen agitur de aedificio vetusto visu digno, quod est anceps [[aedificium]] annis 1456 et 1458 erectum annoque 1611 coniunctum. Hic familiares Bachianos quosdam habitasse certum est. Intranti ianuas Scholae antiquae Sancti Thomae Lipsiensis anno 1902 destructae monstrant necon effigiem sensu divino praeditissimi musici ab Ioanne Heisig pictam. Exhibitiones non solum de vita familiae Bach et maxime de Ioanne Sebastiano narrant sed vitam quotidianam burgensem saeculi XVIII revivi faciunt quoque. Instrumentis historicis duodeviginti canere vistitantibus licet. Saepius symphoniaci periti exemplo sunt. Hominibus minus audacibus musicam multam auscultare occasio praebetur. Bibliotheca reconstructa et documenta non solum de vita musarum filii maximi istius referunt sed etiam de techica adhibita in rebus componendis. Hortum posticum idyllicum visitare fas est. Ad quae omnia veniunt expositiones temporales, frequentatio archivi specialis, illuminatio nocturna artificiosa. == Bibliographia == * Ilse Domizlaff: ''Das Bachhaus Eisenach: Fakten und Dokumente''. Bachhaus, Eisenach 1984. * Conrad Freyse: ''Fünfzig Jahre Bachhaus''. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Berlin 1958. * Wolfgang Heyde: ''Historische Musikinstrumente im Bachhaus Eisenach'', Bachhaus, Eisenach, 1976. * Jörg Hansen: ''Bachhaus Eisenach''. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2011 (7. Aufl.), ISBN 978-3-7954-4008-4. * Jörg Hansen: ''100 Jahre Bachhaus Eisenach. Neubau, Altbausanierung, Neugestaltung der Ständigen Ausstellung und feierliche Eröffnung am 17. Mai 2007.'' In: ''Thüringer Museumshefte.'' 16, 2007, 1, p. 101–112. * Jörg Hansen: ''10 Jahre Bachhaus Eisenach GmbH. Ein Erfahrungsbericht''. In: ''Thüringer Museumshefte.'' 20, 2011, 1, p. 48–61. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Bachhaus Eisenach|Domum Bachianam}} {{Grc|Οἰκία τοῦ Μπάχ (Ἄϊζεναχ)}} * [http://www.bachhaus.de/ Musei pagina domestica] * [http://www.neue-bachgesellschaft.de/ Novae Societatis Bachianae situs proprius] [[Categoria:Iohannes Sebastianus Bachius]] [[Categoria:Ysenacum]] [[Categoria:Musea Germanica]] ocbx21ykp69a6mdthcg7jmudr9l5bi8 0 269794 3957364 3943005 2026-04-28T03:12:35Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Tempel Jupiter Optimus.JPG|thumb|[[Aedes Capitolina]] in [[Denarius|denario]] triumviri monetalis Marci Voltei circa [[78 a.C.n.]] percusso. Tum Lutatius Catulus novum templum aedificare iam coeperat sed haec figura ad pristinum templum potius pertinere videtur.]] '''Quintus Lutatius Catulus''' (natus ca. [[121 a.C.n.]], mortuus [[61 a.C.n.]]) fuit senator Romanus qui anno [[78 a.C.n.]] [[Consul|consulatum]] cum [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 a.C.n.)|Marco Aemilio Lepido]] gessit et anno [[65 a.C.n.]] usque ad [[Censura|censoriam dignitatem]] pervenit. Dux optimatium quidem erat sed apud plebem quoque in aliquo honore habitus est. [[Aedes Capitolina|Templum Capitolinum]] incendio labefactum reficiendum ei [[Sulla]] mandaverat unde ''Capitolinus'' ei cognomen fuit. [[Pontifex]] quoque et ultimis vitae annis [[Princeps senatus|princeps senatus]]<ref>[[Cicero|Cic]]. ''In Pisonem'' 3.</ref> erat. ==De gente== Plebeia et divite [[Gens Lutatia|Lutatiorum gente]] ortus, Q. Lutatius Capitolinus filius erat illius [[Quintus Lutatius Catulus|Quinti Lutatii Catuli]] qui una cum [[Gaius Marius|Gaio Mario]] anno [[102 a.C.n.]] consulatum gessit atque tunc a [[Cimbria (discretiva)|Cimbris]] repulsus mox anno sequenti una cum Mario eos apud [[Vercellae|Vercellas]] vicit. Qui postquam [[Lucius Cornelius Cinna|Cinna]] et Marius anno [[87 a.C.n.]] Urbem armis ceperunt ad voluntariam mortem compulsus est. Qua de causa filius Syllanis partibus favebat. Alios illustres maiores praeferre poterat ut ille [[Gaius Lutatius Catulus]] qui victoria navali apud [[Aegates insulae|Aegates insulas]] anno [[241 a.C.n.]] finem [[Primum bellum Punicum|primo bello Punico]] imposuit. [[Galba|Imperator Galba]] pronepotem Quintum Catulum in titulis sibi vindicare solebat quia pater eius Mummiam Achaicam, neptem Capitolini, uxorem duxerat<ref>[[Suetonius|Suet]]., ''Gal''. 2-3.</ref>. Adeo memoria tanti viri post saeculum Romae adhuc colebatur ! ==Cursus honorum== *81 a.C.n. [[Praetor]]. Circa id tempus a Sylla ''curator restituendi Capitolii''<ref>[[Aulus Gellius]] II.10</ref> dictus est. * 78 a.C.n. consul cum [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (consul 78 a.C.n.)|Marco Aemilio Lepido]]. Magna dissensio inter ambos consules fuit : nam Lepidus omnes leges Sullanas rescindere volebat quas servandas Catulus existimabat. Inimicitia eorum usque adeo exarsit ut [[Senatus Romanus|senatus]] antequam in [[Etruria|Etruriam]] seditionis cuiusdam reprimendae causa cum exercitu mitterentur iusiurandum ab utroque poposcerit, inter se arma versuros non esse<ref>[[Sallustius]], ''Hist''. frg. 58-64. [[Appianus]], ''BC'' I.501-503</ref>. [[Dictatura|Dictatore]] interim mortuo Catulus et [[Pompeius]], quamvis contra nitente Lepido et eius fautoribus, obtinuerunt ut Syllae corpus publico funere et maximo concursu hominum honoraretur<ref>[[Appianus]], ''BC'' I.492-493</ref>. *77 a.C.n. Anno ineunte Lepidus [[proconsul]] factus exercitum ex Etruria Romam ducere coepit, Urbem armis ut occuparet. Tum instigante consulari [[Lucius Marcius Philippus (consul 91 a.C.n.)|Marcio Philippo]] [[senatus consultum ultimum]] adversus eum edictum est<ref>[[Sallustius]], ''Historiae'' I.77.</ref> : ''uti Ap. Claudius interrex cum Q. Catulo pro consule et ceteris, quibus imperium est, urbi praesidio sint operamque dent nequid res publica detrimenti capiat''. Tum Catulus et [[Pompeius]] cum exercitu [[Pons Milvius|pontem Mulvium]] et [[Ianiculum]] collem occupaverunt<ref>[[Florus]] II.11.</ref> unde Lepidum advenientem facile fugarunt (in [[Sardinia (provincia Romana)|Sardiniam]] abiit ubi paulo post morbo obiit). Lutatii clementia omnium consensu laudabatur<ref>[[Orosius]] 22.16.</ref> quia incruentam victoriam rettulerat. *70 a.C.n. de tribunicia potestate restituenda cum consule Gnaeo Pompeio consensit<ref>''In Verrem'' I.15.</ref>. Iudex erat cum contra [[Verres|Verrem]] a provincialibus postulatum Cicero causam [[Sicilia (provincia Romana)|Siciliae]] agebat. *69 a.C.n. Magna pompa [[Capitolinus mons|templum Capitolinum]] dedicavit cuius fastigio nomen suum inscripserat. Quod fortasse gloriosissimum factum in Catuli vita fuit<ref>''Secunda actio in Verrem'' IV.69.</ref>. * 67 a.C.n. orationem apud populum habuit [[Aulus Gabinius|legem Gabiniam]], quae imperium maius in omnibus insulis litoribusque Imperii Romani [[Pirata|piratarum]] opprimendorum causa Pompeio conferebat, frustra dissuadentem. Tum cum omnes honores in unum hominem cumulandos negasset, contra plures in rebus publicis gerendis exercendos esse asseverasset, postremo interrogatione oratoria populum rogavit, si quid casu Pompeio acciderit, in quo spem esset habiturus ? Tunc omnes una voce conclamasse dicuntur : "In te, Catule."<ref>[[Cicero|Cic]]. ''Leg. Man''. 59. [[Velleius Paterculus|Vell. Pat]]. 2,32,1; [[Cassius Dio|Cass. Dio]] XXXVI,30,4-36,4. [[Valerius Maximus|Val. Max]]. VIII.15.9. [[Plutarchus]], ''Pompeius'' 25.</ref> Quae verba, tamquam testimonium honorificum, a multis auctoribus antiquis relata sunt. *66 a.C.n. rursus legem Maniliam, quae bellum Mithridaticum Gnaeo Pompeio mandabat, dissuadere frustra conabatur<ref>[[Cicero|Cic]]. ''Leg. Man.'' 51 et 59-64. [[Plutarchus|Plut]]. ''Pompeius'' 30,4</ref> : tum enim omnia Pompeio permittere volebat populus. Cui orationi Cicero, Pompei gratiam adfectans, oratione ''Pro lege Manilia'', quae eadem et ''de Imperio Cn. Pompei'' dicitur, respondit. *65 a.C.n. censor fuit cum [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (triumvir)|Marco Licinio Crasso]] et [[Populares|popularem]] collegam prohibuit ne [[Transpadana|Transpadanos]] Gallos civitate Romana donaret aut [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegyptum]] in [[Provincia Romana|provinciam Romanam]] redigeret<ref>[[Plutarchus]], ''Crassus'' 13.</ref>. Usque adeo illi collegae dissentiebant ut censum peragere non potuerint et magistratum brevi abdicarint<ref>[[Plutarchus|Plut]]., ''Crassus''</ref>. *63 a.C.n. iamdiu pontifex Catulus [[Pontifex|pontificatum maximum]] a populo petebat sed die [[Comitia|comitiorum]] [[Gaius Iulius Caesar]], vir multo iunior qui magnas pecunias per [[Tribus (divisio populi Romani)|tribus]] diviserat, ei praelatus est. Hanc repulsam sive aegre ferens, ut volebat [[Sallustius]] qui Caesaris fautor in primis erat, sive potius quia verum erat<ref>Michel Duval (2014), ''La conjuration de Catilina : César, un instigateur oublié''; Parisiis</ref> Caesarem apud [[Cicero|Ciceronem]] frustra accusare coepit quod [[Catilinae coniuratio|Catilinae coniurationis]] conscius foret<ref>[[Sallustius|Sall]]., [[De Catilinae coniuratione|Cat]]. 49. [[Velleius Paterculus|Vell. Pat]]. 2.43. [[Dio Cassius]] 37.37. [[Plutarchus]], ''Crassus'' 13 et ''Caesar'' 7-8.</ref>. In ceteros coniuratos quoque severitatis maximae auctor erat<ref>[[Plutarchus]], ''Cicero'' 21.</ref>. *62 a.C.n. Caesar ultionis avidus primo [[Praetor|praeturae]] die rogationem de refectione Capitolii ad alium<ref>Sc. Pompeium qui non nominabatur.</ref> transferenda promulgare voluit : nam etsi Catulus templum iam dedicarat non omnia ornamenta ad unguem perpolita erant et hanc moram ei exprobrabat Caesar ; simul et repetundarum insimulabat dum rationes expensorum flagitat. Tum optimates gratulandos novos consules deseruerunt et concurrerunt, rem ut impedirent. In fine ab incepto destitit Caesar<ref>[[Suetonius|Suet]]., ''Iul''. 15. [[Dio Cassius]] 37.43-44.</ref>. *61 a.C.n. Obiit paulo post [[Publius Clodius Pulcher|Publium Clodium]] de pollutis [[Sacra Bonae Deae (62 a.C.n.)|Bonae Deae sacris]] a iudicibus absolutum qui armatum praesidium senatum flagitarant, tuto iudicare ut possent. Prorsus facete igitur Catulus unum ex illis iudicibus ita interrogasse dicitur :"Quid vos," inquit, " praesidium a nobis postulabatis ? an, ne nummi vobis eriperentur, timebatis?" <ref>[[Cicero]], ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|ad. Att]]''. I.16.5.[[Dio Cassius]] 37.46. [[Plutarchus]], ''Cicero'' 29.</ref> In summa de rebus publicis non multo aliter atque Cicero sentiebat Catulus Capitolinus -nam inter optimates mitior et moderatior erat- sed sagacitate constantiaque [[Arpinum|Arpinatem]] oratorem multo anteibat. Semper enim futurorum [[Triumviratus|triumvirorum]] inceptis obviam ire conabatur quia cognarat illos viros ambitiosos -Pompeium, Caesarem, Crassum- qui leges pro nihilo habebant reipublicae liberae institutis et mori maiorum exitio brevi fore. Contra Cicero a Pompeio et Caesare illudebatur. ==Testimonia de homine== Catuli adulescentis mores fortasse dissoluti fuere<ref>[[Valerius Maximus|Val. Max.]] VI.9.5</ref> ; laus militaris modica ei erat ut qui exercitus quidem duxerat sed nullam praeclaram aut difficilem victoriam de hostibus rettulerat ; ne in oratorum quidem numero a Cicerone ponebatur quamquam opinandi in senatu prudentiam et elegantiam laudabat<ref>''[[Brutus (Cicero)|Brutus]]'' 133 et 222.</ref>. Nihilominus ob moderationem ac velut sapientiam in rebus publicis gerendis a multis non tantum [[Princeps senatus|princeps senatus]] sed quodam modo princeps civitatis<ref>[[Valerius Maximus]] VI.9.5.</ref> habebatur. Conciliator enim dissensionum civilium, non irritator erat. Qua de causa [[Lucius Ampelius|Ampelius]] eum ponebat inter Romanos qui in toga illustres fuere. Ab omnibus igitur auctoribus antiquis laudabatur praeter [[Sallustius|Sallustium]] ac si qui alii [[Populares|popularium]] factioni nimis favebant. Haec sunt nonnulla testimonia : *[[Cicero]] (''In Pisonem'' 3) : "Me Q. Catulus, princeps huius ordinis et auctor publici consili, frequentissimo senatu parentem patriae nominavit" ** (''Post reditum in senatu'' 9) : "audieram ex sapientissimo homine atque optimo cive et viro, Q. Catulo..." *[[Valerius Maximus]] (VI.9.5) : " Quis ignorat Q. Catuli auctoritatem in maximo clarissimorum uirorum prouentu excelsum gradum obtinuisse? cuius si superior aetas reuoluatur, multi lusus, multae deliciae reperiantur. quae quidem ei inpedimento non fuerunt quo minus patriae princeps existeret, nomenque eius in Capitolino fastigio fulgeret ac uirtute ciuile bellum ingenti motu oriens sepeliret." *[[Velleius Paterculus]] (II.32) : " Digna est memoria Q. Catuli cum auctoritas tum verecundia..." ** (II.43) : "... omnium confessione senatus princeps..." *[[Lucius Ampelius|Ampelius]] (''Liber memorialis'') : "...solus omnium sine sanguine bellum civile confecit" * [[Dio Cassius]] (37.46<ref> διαφανέστατα τῶν πώποτε τὸ δημόσιον ἀεὶ πρὸ παντὸς προτιμήσας</ref>) Graece scribebat "unum omnium esse visum qui rem publicam ceteris semper anteponeret". *[[Plutarchus]] (''Crassus'' 13<ref>...''συνάρχοντα Ῥωμαίων ἔχοντι τὸν πρᾳότατον Λουτάτιον Κάτλον''</ref>) eum "mitissimum Romanorum" appellabat et alibi (''Cato Minor'' 16) scribebat "iustitia et sapientia ceteros Romanos superasse". ==De Catulo persona litteraria== *Libro 36 ''[[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historiae Romanae]]'' Dio Cassius satis longam orationem in ore Catuli posuit, quam ipse quidem Graece composuit sed argumentatio eius in legem Gabiniam (67 a.C.n.) de ''uno imperatore contra praedones constituendo''<ref>[[Cicero]], ''Leg. Man.'' 17.</ref> verisimilis videtur. *Anno [[45 a.C.n.]] Cicero Catulum iamdiu mortuum in dialogum hodie deperditum et ''[[Hortensius (Cicero)|Hortensium sive de philosophia]]'' inscriptum introducebat. E nonnullis fragmentis quae supersunt - nam cum alii Christiani scriptores tum [[Sanctus Augustinus|sanctus Augustinus]]<ref>''[[Confessiones (Augustinus)|Conf]]''. 3,4</ref> in primis hoc opere delectabatur - apparet Catulum laudationem philosophiae suscepisse cui [[Quintus Hortensius Hortalus|Hortensius]] elogio artis oratoriae respondebat. Alii sermonis personae erant ipse Cicero et [[Lucullus]]. *Item persona erat in ''[[Academica (Cicero)|Academicis prioribus]]'' eiusdem Ciceronis atque etiam primo libro nomen suum indiderat (at secundus tantum servatus est). E quo liquet Catulum Capitolinum virum litteratum atque philosophiae (vel saltem sapientiae) deditum fuisse. * Denique [[Suetonius]]<ref>''Aug''. 94.</ref> et Dio Cassius<ref>45.2.</ref> somnium quoddam Catuli referebant quo principatum [[Augustus (imperator)|Augusti]] praenuntiari existimabant (inter ''omina imperii'' ponebatur). Vidisse enim somnio dicitur [[Iuppiter (deus)|Iovem Optimum Maximum]] e multis pueris praetextatis qui ad [[Capitolium]] venerant unum sibi ignotum elegisse atque signum deae Romae in eius sinum deiecisse : postridie autem cum Octavius forte in via occurrisset puerum sibi nocte visum agnovisse. Quod alioqui vix credi potest quoniam Octavius anno [[63 a.C.n.]] natus erat. ==Fontes== *[[Lucius Ampelius|Ampelius]], ''Liber memorialis'' XIX. *[[Appianus]], primo libro ''Bellorum civilium'' 492-493 et 501-504. * [[Aulus Gellius]] libro secundo ''[[Noctes Atticae|Noctium Atticarum]]'' capitulo 10(2). * [[Cassius Dio]], libro XXXVI [[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historiae Romanae]], capitulis 30-36 necnon libro XXXVII cap. 37, 43-44, 46 et libro XLIII cap.14 et libro XLV cap.2. *[[Cicero]], ''In Pisonem'' 3 ** prima actio ''in Verrem'' 15. ** secunda actio ''in Verrem'' III.209-211 et IV.37, 69, 82, 126. ** ''de Imperio Gnaei Pompei'' 51 et 59-66. ** ''in Lucium Catilinam orationes'' III.24 ** ''Post reditum in senatu'' 9. ** ''Pro Caelio'' 70 ** ''[[Brutus (Cicero)|Brutus]]'' 133 et 222 ** libro secundo ''[[Epistulae ad Atticum|Epistularum ad Atticum]]'', ep. 24 necnon libro XIII ep.19. *[[Florus]], secundo libro ''Epitomae rerum Romanarum'' capitulo 11. *Inscriptiones [http://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/edh/inschrift/HD010465&lang=en [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] 1971]{{Nexus deficit|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} et {{CIL|1|737}} ([http://db.edcs.eu/epigr/bilder.php?bild=$OH_CIL_06_01313_1.jpg;$OH_CIL_06_01313_2.jpg;$CIL_06_01313.jpg Ibid. 736]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}) *[[Orosius]] libro quinto [[Historiae adversum paganos|Historiarum adversum paganos]] 22(16-18) *[[Plutarchus]], ''Pompeius'' 15-16, 25, 30. ** ''Crassus'' 13. **''Cato Minor'' 16. **''Caesar'' 6-8. ** ''Cicero'' 21 et 29 * [[Gaius Sallustius Crispus|Sallustius]], ''[[Catilinae coniuratio (Sallustius)|Catilinae coniuratio]]'' 34-35 et 49 ** ''Historiae'' : oratio Lepidi, oratio Philippi, fragmenta 58-64 * [[Suetonius]], [[De Vita Caesarum]] in ''Vita Divi Iuli'', capitulo 15, ''Vita divi Augusti'', cap.94 et ''Vita Galbae'' cap.2-3. *[[Titus Livius]], ''Periochae'' 90 et 98. * [[Valerius Maximus]] libro sexto ''Factorum dictorumque memorabilium'' 9.5 necnon libro octavo 15.9 * [[Velleius Paterculus]], libro secundo ''Historiae Romanae'' cap. 32, 43, 48. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 2 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Mortui 61 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Gens Lutatia]] [[Categoria:Consules]] [[Categoria:Censores]] ge0ea3uhbqba7d0yc3reempl8ka3xp7 0 272387 3957304 3716311 2026-04-27T19:44:54Z StannileiusIohnsonius 208506 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 3957304 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tobiashammer.jpg|thumb|Malleus Tobiae, qui dicitur]] [[File:Tobiashammer hammer front.jpg|thumb|Mallei cadentes tres]] [[File:Tobiashammer Steam engine.jpg|thumb|Machinae vaporariae pars una]] '''Fabrica Tobiae''' ([[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]: ''Tobiashammer'') malleus gigans aqua motus cum incude in [[Germania]] in septentrione [[Luisenthal]] est anno 1482 constructa. Anno autem 1983 in situ museum instituerant. ==Historia et confectiones== [[file:GTH_Tobiashammer.JPG|thumb|Index musei]] Officina [[Faber ferrarius|fabri ferrarii]] prima anno 1482 ad ripam fluminis Ohra constructa est. Anno 1592 domnus Tobias Albrecht cuncta acquisivit unde et nomen complexus hodiernum. In principio ibi tres mallei ferrarii rota movebantur. Conficiebantur res ferreae (e.g. falces, rastra, gladii, lanceae, vomeres dentaliaque pro aratris); postea tractabant res cupreas et conficiebantur caccabi, ahena caldaria, instrumenta cerevisiae coquendae, hirneae, vasa, aenula et similia. Aeraminum cupreorum, quae saeculo XX adhuc elaborata sunt, sonus clarissimus a multis et hodie laudatur. Familia Albrecht usque 1816 ergasterium retinuit, postea multi possessores alternabantur. Ex anno 1850 fabricae maioratae sunt valde. Malleum magnum alterum necnon casam ad laminas ferreas erigebant. Administratoria ala anno 1882 constructa thermopolium factum est ubi apud ostiola et tesseras introitus et catalogos emere potueris. Anno 1972 complexum caducum institores fabricae rerum chalybearum ''Stahlverformungswerk Ohrdruf'' sibi astrinxerunt et anno 1983 prima vice visitatores huc invitati sunt. Quotannis spectaculum magnum fit quod vocatur ''Symposium fabrorum ferrariorum'': anno 2009 artifices in ferro fudendo tribus ex continentibus orti convenerunt ad Fridericum Kühn honorandum. Tunc multi artifices et sculptores ferrarii artificia plura et bella confecerunt, quorum partem et nunc videris (e.g. ''Nymphaeam grandem'' Alfredi Habermann sive ''Os'' Rogerii Roehl). ==Museum et technica== In partibus quibus visitatores haud prohibentur admirari possunt mallei gigantes quinque, laminarum tractandarum camera, machinae rebus acuendis aptae, furni nonnulli. Torrente adfluente rota omnia constanter movet. Olim exsistebant circa 40 rotae ad rivulum tantummodo 10 chiliometra longum institutae. Inde ab anno 1988 in museo machina vaporaria exhibetur quae inter maximas Europae totius numeratur; metretarum 305 et virium equinarum duodecim milium est . Origo machinae in [[Unterwellenborn]] ([[circulus Saalfeld-Rudolstadt|Circuli Saalfeld-Rudolstadt]]) est, in officina metallurgica ''Maxhütte'', ubi usque annum 1985 stabat. Visitatoribus ambulantibus curiosis eius mechanismus libenter monstratur praesentaturque. ==Bibliographia== *Wolfgang Schmidt, Wilfried Theile: ''Denkmale der Produktions- und Verkehrsgeschichte. Teil 1'', VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, Berolini 1989, ISBN 3-345-00312-0 *Eberhard Wächtler: ''Tobiashammer Ohrdruf'', Stahlverformungswerk Ohrdruf 1987 *Manfred Beckert: ''Metallgestaltung im Tobiashammer. 25 Jahre Metallgestalter-Symposium im Tobiashammer'', Steinbeis-Edition 2008, ISBN 3-938062-29-0 *''Tobiashammer: ein Kunstbuch'', Verlag für Schweißen und Verwandte Verfahren, DVS-Verlag 1999 ==Externi nexus== {{Commonscat|Tobiashammer|Malleum Tobiae}} * [http://www.tobiashammer.de/ Situs proprius] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140326023315/http://de.cyclopaedia.net/wiki/Tobiashammer Pellicula et photographemata de complexu] [[categoria:Musea Germanica]] [[categoria:Circulus Gotha]] [[categoria:Musea technologiae]] [[categoria:Molae]] 4ffin2iwha7z82ax560fhojtm1c4of0 3957328 3957304 2026-04-27T22:10:32Z IacobusAmor 1163 Nexus "Theodisce" iam adest. 3957328 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Tobiashammer.jpg|thumb|Malleus Tobiae, qui dicitur]] [[Fasciculus:Tobiashammer hammer front.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Mallei cadentes tres.]] [[Fasciculus:Tobiashammer Steam engine.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Machinae vaporariae pars una.]] '''Fabrica Tobiae''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Tobiashammer'') est [[malleus]] gigans aqua motus cum incude in [[Germania]] in septentrione [[Luisenthal]] anno 1482 constructa. Anno autem 1983 in situ museum instituerant. ==Historia et confectiones== [[Fasciculus:GTH_Tobiashammer.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|Index musei.]] Officina [[Faber ferrarius|fabri ferrarii]] prima anno 1482 ad ripam fluminis Ohra constructa est. Anno 1592 domnus Tobias Albrecht cuncta acquisivit unde et nomen complexus hodiernum. In principio ibi tres mallei ferrarii rota movebantur. Conficiebantur res ferreae (e.g. falces, rastra, gladii, lanceae, vomeres dentaliaque pro aratris); postea tractabant res cupreas et conficiebantur caccabi, ahena caldaria, instrumenta cerevisiae coquendae, hirneae, vasa, aenula et similia. Aeraminum cupreorum, quae saeculo XX adhuc elaborata sunt, sonus clarissimus a multis et hodie laudatur. Familia Albrecht usque 1816 ergasterium retinuit, postea multi possessores alternabantur. Ex anno 1850 fabricae maioratae sunt valde. Malleum magnum alterum necnon casam ad laminas ferreas erigebant. Administratoria ala anno 1882 constructa thermopolium factum est ubi apud ostiola et tesseras introitus et catalogos emere potueris. Anno 1972 complexum caducum institores fabricae rerum chalybearum ''Stahlverformungswerk Ohrdruf'' sibi astrinxerunt et anno 1983 prima vice visitatores huc invitati sunt. Quotannis spectaculum magnum fit quod vocatur ''Symposium fabrorum ferrariorum'': anno 2009 artifices in ferro fudendo tribus ex continentibus orti convenerunt ad Fridericum Kühn honorandum. Tunc multi artifices et sculptores ferrarii artificia plura et bella confecerunt, quorum partem et nunc videris (e.g. ''Nymphaeam grandem'' Alfredi Habermann sive ''Os'' Rogerii Roehl). ==Museum et technica== In partibus quibus visitatores haud prohibentur admirari possunt mallei gigantes quinque, laminarum tractandarum camera, machinae rebus acuendis aptae, furni nonnulli. Torrente adfluente rota omnia constanter movet. Olim exsistebant circa 40 rotae ad rivulum tantummodo 10 chiliometra longum institutae. Inde ab anno 1988 in museo machina vaporaria exhibetur quae inter maximas Europae totius numeratur; metretarum 305 et virium equinarum duodecim milium est . Origo machinae in [[Unterwellenborn]] ([[circulus Saalfeld-Rudolstadt|Circuli Saalfeld-Rudolstadt]]) est, in officina metallurgica ''Maxhütte'', ubi usque annum 1985 stabat. Visitatoribus ambulantibus curiosis eius mechanismus libenter monstratur praesentaturque. ==Bibliographia== *Wolfgang Schmidt, Wilfried Theile: ''Denkmale der Produktions- und Verkehrsgeschichte. Teil 1'', VEB Verlag für Bauwesen, Berolini 1989, ISBN 3-345-00312-0 *Eberhard Wächtler: ''Tobiashammer Ohrdruf'', Stahlverformungswerk Ohrdruf 1987 *Manfred Beckert: ''Metallgestaltung im Tobiashammer. 25 Jahre Metallgestalter-Symposium im Tobiashammer'', Steinbeis-Edition 2008, ISBN 3-938062-29-0 *''Tobiashammer: ein Kunstbuch'', Verlag für Schweißen und Verwandte Verfahren, DVS-Verlag 1999 ==Externi nexus== {{CommuniaCat|Tobiashammer|Malleum Tobiae}} * [http://www.tobiashammer.de/ Situs proprius] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140326023315/http://de.cyclopaedia.net/wiki/Tobiashammer Pellicula et photographemata de complexu] [[Categoria:Circulus Gotha]] [[Categoria:Musea Germanica]] [[Categoria:Molae]] [[Categoria:Musea technologiae]] c7plg64ybpxqxrcqzbvejc8fry6alz4 0 274222 3957317 3816264 2026-04-27T20:32:19Z StannileiusIohnsonius 208506 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 3957317 wikitext text/x-wiki Liber "De otio" est octavus [[Dialogus|Dialogorum]] summi viri philosophique [[Seneca minor|Senecae minoris]], scriptus in anno DCCCXV A.U.C. Hic liber amico Anneo Sereno dedicatur et octo capitulis subdīvĭdĭtur. Otium seu vacationem a publicis negotiis minime Stoicorum praeceptis repugnare Seneca contendit. In hoc opuscolo sapiens otio non inducitur ut vitam deditam pro publica utilitate dēpōnat; qui sapientiae studio ac naturae rerum conteplationi vacat civitati suae usui est. ==De rebus quae in hoc opusculo disputantur== In primo capitulo de vitiorum varietate; in secundo et tertio de vitiis iuxta Stoicos et Epicureos; in quarto de duobus rebus publicis, quarum altera est quae deos atque homines continet, altera autem cui nos adscripsit condicio nascendi; in quinto et sexto de summo bono iuxta Stoicos et de curiositate; in septimo de tribus vitae generibus (omnes curas in [[Voluptas|voluptatem]], contemplationem, actionem conferre); in octavo de sapientis vacatione a publicis officis quae probanda est, si sapienti deest illa res publica quam animo ipse concipit. ==Sententiae== "Alter otium ex proposito petit, alter ex causa" (3.3) "Natura autem utrumque facere me voluit, et agere et contemplationi vacare: utrumque facio, quoniam ne contemplatio quidem sine actione est (5.8) "Quodsi non invenitur illa res publica quam nobis fingimus, incipit omnibus esse otium necessarium" (8.3) ==Editiones== L. Annaei Senecae dialogorum libri duodecim,rec.L. D. Reynolds. Oxoniae. 1967 Lucio Anneo Seneca. De otio. Testo e apparato critico con introduzione, versione e commento di I. Dionigi, Paideia, Brescia 1983. [[Categoria:Lucius Annaeus Seneca]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae aetatis Imperii]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] lm9scs7lrg6ju6drpkpwqi6p7o6ap4m 3957335 3957317 2026-04-27T22:20:27Z IacobusAmor 1163 Vicificanda 3957335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{}Vicificanda}} Liber "De otio" est octavus [[Dialogus|Dialogorum]] summi viri philosophique [[Seneca minor|Senecae minoris]], scriptus in anno DCCCXV A.U.C. Hic liber amico Anneo Sereno dedicatur et octo capitulis subdīvĭdĭtur. Otium seu vacationem a publicis negotiis minime Stoicorum praeceptis repugnare Seneca contendit. In hoc opuscolo sapiens otio non inducitur ut vitam deditam pro publica utilitate dēpōnat; qui sapientiae studio ac naturae rerum conteplationi vacat civitati suae usui est. ==De rebus quae in hoc opusculo disputantur== In primo capitulo de vitiorum varietate; in secundo et tertio de vitiis iuxta Stoicos et Epicureos; in quarto de duobus rebus publicis, quarum altera est quae deos atque homines continet, altera autem cui nos adscripsit condicio nascendi; in quinto et sexto de summo bono iuxta Stoicos et de curiositate; in septimo de tribus vitae generibus (omnes curas in [[Voluptas|voluptatem]], contemplationem, actionem conferre); in octavo de sapientis vacatione a publicis officis quae probanda est, si sapienti deest illa res publica quam animo ipse concipit. ==Sententiae== "Alter otium ex proposito petit, alter ex causa" (3.3) "Natura autem utrumque facere me voluit, et agere et contemplationi vacare: utrumque facio, quoniam ne contemplatio quidem sine actione est (5.8) "Quodsi non invenitur illa res publica quam nobis fingimus, incipit omnibus esse otium necessarium" (8.3) ==Editiones== L. Annaei Senecae dialogorum libri duodecim,rec.L. D. Reynolds. Oxoniae. 1967 Lucio Anneo Seneca. De otio. Testo e apparato critico con introduzione, versione e commento di I. Dionigi, Paideia, Brescia 1983. [[Categoria:Lucius Annaeus Seneca]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae aetatis Imperii]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] grndfjs26ggmuy79d726ljxmptm49ut 0 276355 3957366 3621039 2026-04-28T04:57:07Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cautio}} {| class="wikitable floatright" |+ '''Rasagilinum''' |- ! colspan="2" | Cognitores |- | style="font-size: 85%" | ''[[ChemSpider]]'' || style="font-size: 85%" | [http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2314553.html 2314553] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[PubChem]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3052776 3052776] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[DrugBank]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01367 DB01367] |- ! colspan="2" | Natura chemica |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Rasagiline2DCSD.svg|200px|Rasagilinum]] |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Rasagiline3DanJ.gif|200px| Rasagilinum]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Formula chemica]] || style="font-size: 85%" |{{chem|C|12|H|13|N}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Massa molaris]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 171.238 g/mol |- ! colspan="2" | Natura pharmacologica |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Codex ATC || style="font-size: 85%" | {{ATC|N04BD|02}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Semivita biologica]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 3 h |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Metabolismus]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [[iecur|iecore]] (hepaticus):<br />[[CYP1A2]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Excretio || style="font-size: 85%" | [[ren]]ibus, [[Faeces|faecibus]] |- ! colspan="2" | Ad usum therapeuticum |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Applicatio || style="font-size: 85%" | per os |- | style="font-size: 85%" | MedlinePlus || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a606017.html a606017] {{Ling|Anglice}} |} '''Rasagilinum''' est [[medicamentum pharmaceuticum]] et inhibitor [[monoaminorum oxidasis B]] irreversibilis<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Oldfield V., Keating G. M., Perry C. M. |title=Rasagiline: a review of its use in the management of Parkinson's disease |journal=Drugs |year=2007 |volume=67 |issue=12 |pages=1725-47 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17683172}}</ref>. Substantia in [[morbus Parkinson|morbo Parkinson]] tractando et maturo<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Hattori N., Takeda A., Takeda S., Nishimura A., Kitagawa T., Mochizuki H., Nagai M., Takahashi R. |title=Rasagiline monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease: A phase 3, randomized study in Japan |journal=Parkinsonism Relat Disord |year=2018 |volume= |issue= |pages=doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.08.024 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30205936}}</ref> et in cursibus progressivis. == Natura Rasagilini == === Natura chemica === Nomen suum est (R)-N-prop-2-inyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-aminum. [[Massa molaris]] sua 171.238 g/mol. === Natura pharmacologica === Rasagilinum est [[monoaminorum oxidasis B|MAO-B]] inhibitor irreversibilis et medicamentum therapia morbi Parkinson et maturi et progressivi. [[Systema classificationis Anatomicum Therapeuticum Chemicumque|Codex ATC]] est {{ATC|N04BD|02}}. Inhibitio monoaminorum oxidasis B potentissima est, etenim quinquies, decies quam [[Selegilinum|Selegilino]]. == Effectus Rasagilini == === Interactiones === Consumptio simul Rasagilini et cuiusvis inhibitoris reabsorptionis serotonini (per exemplum: [[sertralinum]]) periculo [[syndroma serotonini|syndromae serotonini]] causa saepe non commendatur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Hébant B., Guillaume M., Desbordes M., Gaillon G., Maltête D., Lefaucheur R. |title=Combination of paroxetine and rasagiline induces serotonin syndrome in a parkinsonian patient |journal=Rev Neurol (Paris) |year=2016 |volume=172 |issue=12 |pages=788-9 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27838092}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |authors=Duval F., Flabeau O., Razafimahefa J., Spampinato U., Tison F. |title=Encephalophaty associated with rasagiline and sertraline in Parkinson's disease: possible serotonin syndrome |journal=Mov Disord |year=2013 |volume=28 |issue=10 |pages=1464 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23495033}}</ref>, quamquam investigatio Canadiensis syndroma serotoni raro esse dixit, donec doses inhibitoris reabsorptionis serotonini parve deligantur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Aboukarr A., Giudice M. |title=Interaction between Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |journal=Can J Hosp Pharm |year=2018 |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=196-207 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29955193}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Morbus Parkinson]] == Nexus externi == * Fabrizio Stocchi: [https://www.parkinson.it)/interviste/il-sogno-di-una-terapia-che-rallenti-la-progressione-della-malattia-di-parkinson-sta-diventando-realta.html Eritne somnus therapiae ad morbum tardandum verum?]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (oratio), {{Ling|Italice}} [[Categoria:Monoaminorum oxidasis inhibitores]] [[Categoria:Medicamenta antiparkinsoniana]] t2witx7q7xpwdq374dnmbv256di8kv8 0 278039 3957249 3957239 2026-04-27T12:28:46Z IacobusAmor 1163 3957249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Hirschler''' (natus [[Vindobona]]e anno 1987) est [[Auctores Neolatini hodierni|scriptor Latinus]] [[Austria]]cus. In [[Alma Mater Rudolphina Vindobonensis|Universitate Vindobonensi]] {{Creanda|en|Classical archaeology|Archaeologia classica|archaeologiae classicae}} [[historia]]eque [[antiquitas|antiquae]] studebat. == Eius scripta == ; Libri Latini *Mythologia Graeca. Fabulae Graecae selectae Latine scriptae. 2026. 164 pp. ISBN 979-8250613958. *De domina serpentium. Fabula periculosa temporibus Minoicis acta. 2024. 138 pp. ISBN 979-8301934865. *Calio. 2024 (''Editio altera''). 96 pp. ISBN 979-8884662308. *De Minotauri ultione. 2023. 50 pp. ISBN 979-8871211304. *De superbo regis filio. 2022. 56 pp. ISBN 979-8365874060. *De spe Babyloniae. Fabula periculosa temporibus Babyloniis antiquis acta. 2022. 162 pp. ISBN 979-8361966882. *Hyacinthus. 2022. 60 pp. ISBN 979-8848233131. *Acontius et Cydippe. 2022. 80 pp. ISBN 979-8439247844. *De custode Ammonis. Fabula criminalis in Aegypto temporibus Pharaonum acta. 2020. 150 pp. ISBN 979-8681616023. *Themistocles (De ducibus Graecis II). 2019. 145 pp. ISBN 978-1723846502. *Leonidas (De ducibus Graecis I). 2018. 88 pp. ISBN 978-1727572643. *De horto zoologico. 2018. 60 pp. ISBN 978-1729720240. *De torta natalicia. 2018. 36 pp. ISBN 978-1720516422. *Calio. Fabula Latina. 2017. 60 pp. ISBN 978-1978197169. *De claustro magico. 2017. 44 pp. ISBN 978-1973918882. ;Symbola Latina *Quomodo Apollo deus Romae sit cultus. ''Vox Latina'' 56, fasc. 219 (2020), pp. 94-101. *De acinonyce iubato apud Graecos antiquos alito, ''Vox Latina'' 52, fasc. 203 (2016), pp. 110–121. *De [[Carolus Henricus Ulrichs|Carolo Henrico Ulrichs]] qui magis fecit quam ut revivisceret lingua Latina, Melissa. Folia perenni Latinitati dicata 192 (2016), pp. 8–9. ([https://www.academia.edu/26122231/De_Carolo_Henrico_Ulrichs_qui_magis_fecit_quam_ut_revivisceret_lingua_Latina pdf]) *Quomodo butyrum me gratum esse docuerit, ''Vox Latina'' 52, fasc. 206 (2016), pp. 579–580. *De primo testimonio scripto ad [[Monstrum lacus Nesae|monstrum lacūs Nesae]] pertinente, Tiro. Iocosa Iucunda Seria 61, 9/10 (2015), pp. 8–9. *De equo, qui senator factus est, Tiro. Iocosa Iucunda Seria 7/8, 61 (2015), pp. 5–6 *De claustro magico, ''Vox Latina'' 51, Fasc. 202 (2015), p. 566–568. *De Cupidinis signo aniconico Thespiis culto, ''Vox Latina'' 51, Fasc. 199 (2015), p. 12–19. *De Croatis Burgenlandiensibus, ''Melissa'' 187 (2015), p. 2–4. *Quomodo homines Martem planetam inculturi sint, Lingua viva. Publicatio popularis studiosis linguae Latinae 3 (2015), p. 19. ==Nexus externi== * [https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelHirschler Michael Hirschler] in ''Academia.edu'' * [https://www.amazon.com/Books-Michael-Hirschler/s?rh=n%3A283155%2Cp_27%3AMichael+Hirschler libri Michaelis Hirschler] apud ''Amazon.com'' {{Lifetime|1987||Hirschler, Michael}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Vindobonensis]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini hodierni]] a4z0ywtcf71tupy063vye2gh3jw878j 3957312 3957249 2026-04-27T20:09:26Z ~2026-25705-89 208605 Nova symbola Latina addita est. 3957312 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Michael Hirschler''' (natus [[Vindobona]]e anno 1987) est [[Auctores Neolatini hodierni|scriptor Latinus]] [[Austria]]cus. In [[Alma Mater Rudolphina Vindobonensis|Universitate Vindobonensi]] {{Creanda|en|Classical archaeology|Archaeologia classica|archaeologiae classicae}} [[historia]]eque [[antiquitas|antiquae]] studebat. == Eius scripta == ; Libri Latini *Mythologia Graeca. Fabulae Graecae selectae Latine scriptae. 2026. 164 pp. ISBN 979-8250613958. *De domina serpentium. Fabula periculosa temporibus Minoicis acta. 2024. 138 pp. ISBN 979-8301934865. *Calio. 2024 (''Editio altera''). 96 pp. ISBN 979-8884662308. *De Minotauri ultione. 2023. 50 pp. ISBN 979-8871211304. *De superbo regis filio. 2022. 56 pp. ISBN 979-8365874060. *De spe Babyloniae. Fabula periculosa temporibus Babyloniis antiquis acta. 2022. 162 pp. ISBN 979-8361966882. *Hyacinthus. 2022. 60 pp. ISBN 979-8848233131. *Acontius et Cydippe. 2022. 80 pp. ISBN 979-8439247844. *De custode Ammonis. Fabula criminalis in Aegypto temporibus Pharaonum acta. 2020. 150 pp. ISBN 979-8681616023. *Themistocles (De ducibus Graecis II). 2019. 145 pp. ISBN 978-1723846502. *Leonidas (De ducibus Graecis I). 2018. 88 pp. ISBN 978-1727572643. *De horto zoologico. 2018. 60 pp. ISBN 978-1729720240. *De torta natalicia. 2018. 36 pp. ISBN 978-1720516422. *Calio. Fabula Latina. 2017. 60 pp. ISBN 978-1978197169. *De claustro magico. 2017. 44 pp. ISBN 978-1973918882. ;Symbola Latina *Oratio de Latinitate viva sive de vivo linguae Latinae usu hodierno habita. ''Vox Latina'' 62, fasc. 243 (2026), pp. 109–124. *Quomodo Apollo deus Romae sit cultus. ''Vox Latina'' 56, fasc. 219 (2020), pp. 94–101. *De acinonyce iubato apud Graecos antiquos alito, ''Vox Latina'' 52, fasc. 203 (2016), pp. 110–121. *De [[Carolus Henricus Ulrichs|Carolo Henrico Ulrichs]] qui magis fecit quam ut revivisceret lingua Latina, Melissa. Folia perenni Latinitati dicata 192 (2016), pp. 8–9. ([https://www.academia.edu/26122231/De_Carolo_Henrico_Ulrichs_qui_magis_fecit_quam_ut_revivisceret_lingua_Latina pdf]) *Quomodo butyrum me gratum esse docuerit, ''Vox Latina'' 52, fasc. 206 (2016), pp. 579–580. *De primo testimonio scripto ad [[Monstrum lacus Nesae|monstrum lacūs Nesae]] pertinente, Tiro. Iocosa Iucunda Seria 61, 9/10 (2015), pp. 8–9. *De equo, qui senator factus est, Tiro. Iocosa Iucunda Seria 7/8, 61 (2015), pp. 5–6 *De claustro magico, ''Vox Latina'' 51, Fasc. 202 (2015), p. 566–568. *De Cupidinis signo aniconico Thespiis culto, ''Vox Latina'' 51, Fasc. 199 (2015), p. 12–19. *De Croatis Burgenlandiensibus, ''Melissa'' 187 (2015), p. 2–4. *Quomodo homines Martem planetam inculturi sint, Lingua viva. Publicatio popularis studiosis linguae Latinae 3 (2015), p. 19. ==Nexus externi== * [https://independent.academia.edu/MichaelHirschler Michael Hirschler] in ''Academia.edu'' * [https://www.amazon.com/Books-Michael-Hirschler/s?rh=n%3A283155%2Cp_27%3AMichael+Hirschler libri Michaelis Hirschler] apud ''Amazon.com'' {{Lifetime|1987||Hirschler, Michael}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Vindobonensis]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini hodierni]] n0y3fse15v9u4zou6y6vqeq97q7cp0m 0 282803 3957346 3905709 2026-04-28T00:30:01Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957346 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Mesue 1474 Italian p 1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|''Libro della consolatione delle medicine semplici, il quale fecie Giovanni figliolo di Mesue''. Mutinae, 1475. Pagina prima: exemplar manu tinctum]] {{Videdis|Mesue (discretiva)}} '''Pseudo-Mesue''' est nomen ab eruditis recentibus auctori cuidam anonymo datum, qui in [[Europa]] meridiana ante annum 1281<ref>{{qc|id=De Vos (2013)}} p. 671</ref> opera quattuor medica vel pharmacologica Latine confecisse censetur. Quae opera saeculis XV et XVI crebriter edita sunt sub nomine "Mesue", i.e. medici [[lingua Arabica|Arabici]] [[Ioannes Mesue|Ioannis filii Mesue]], anno 857 mortui. ; Bibliographia generalis * {{ec|id=De Vos (2013)|c=Paula De Vos, "The “Prince of Medicine”: Yūḥannā ibn Māsawayh and the Foundations of the Western Pharmaceutical Tradition" in ''Isis'' vol. 104 (2013) pp. 667-712 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/674940 JSTOR]}} * Dorothea Heitsch, "[https://journals.openedition.org/aes/3798 Giovanni Manardo and Jacques Dubois on John Mesuë’s Medical Substances]" in ''Arts et savoirs'' no. 15 (2021) * Jean-Charles Sournia, Gérard Troupeau, "Médecine arabe : biographies critiques de Jean Mesué (viiie siècle) et du prétendu “Mésué Le Jeune” (xe siècle)" in ''Clio Medica'' vol. 3 (1968) pp. 109-117 ; Editiones generales<ref>Vide indicem multo pleniorem editionum et commentariorum in {{qc|id=De Vos (2013)}} pp. 674-677</ref> [[Fasciculus:Mesue 1478 Lyon colophon.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|''Telos operis heben Mesue'' (scil. "finis operis filii Mesue"). Lugduni, 1478. Colophon]] * 1471 : Sine titulo. Venetiis: apud Clementem Patavinum [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k585249?rk=64378;0 Textus] apud ''Gallica'' * 1475 : ''Incomincia il libro della consolatione delle medicine semplici, il quale fecie Giovanni figliolo di Mesue''. Mutinae: per Iohannem Vurster [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00067957/image_5 Textus] apud Monacenses * 1478 : ''Opus heben Mesue''. Lugduni: [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00075423/image_395 Textus] apud Monacenses * 1479 : ''Universa opera Divi Ioannis Mesue cum complemento et additionibus Francisci de Pedemontium''. Venetiis [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00064139/image_7 Textus] apud Monacenses * 1484 : ''Opus faustum et praeclarum Divi Ioannis Mesue cum additionibus Petri Apponi et Francisci de Pedemontium ...''. Venetiis [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00056600/image_589 Textus] apud Monacenses; [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00056601/image_592 pariter 1485] * 1490 : ''Expositio Christophori de Honestis super Antidotario Mesue''. Venetiis [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00056668/image_5 Textus] apud Monacenses; [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00056670/image_58 pariter 1491]; [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00056671/image_9 pariter 1495] * 1523 : ''Domini Mesue vita ... Canones universales ... Grabadin ... Liber medicinarum particularium ...''. Lugduni? [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_94nc4mrAcX4C/page/n3 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1540 : ''Textus Mesue ...''. Lugduni [https://web.archive.org/web/20190818145558/https://www.wdl.org/fr/item/10674/ Textus] apud Qatarenses == ''Antidotarium Mesue'' == [[Fasciculus:Mesue 1479 Venice p 1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|''Universa opera Divi Ioannis Mesue cum complemento et additionibus Francisci de Pedemontium''. Venetiis, 1479. Pagina prima: exemplar manu tinctum]] ''Antidotarium'' seu ''Grabadin''<ref>Graec. γραφίδιον > Arab. ''aqrābīdīn'' > Lat. nostri auctoris "grabadin"</ref> est opus praecipuum huius auctoris pseudonymi. Commentaria saepe in editiones adduntur, scriptoribus [[Christophorus de Honestis|Christophoro de Honestis]], [[Ioannes Manardus|Ioanne Manardo]], [[Iacobus de Partibus|Iacobo de Partibus]], {{Creanda|fr|Jacques Dubois|Iacobus Sylvius|Iacobo Sylvio}}. Separatim prodisse solent ''Lumen apothecariorum'' a Quirico de Augustis anno [[1486]], ''Luminare maius'' ab {{Creanda|d|Q41616909|Ioannes Iacobus de Manliis|Ioanne Iacobo de Manliis}} anno [[1490]], "Censura" a Bartholomaeo Urbevetano et Angelo Palea Iuvenatiensi anno [[1543]] divulgata. ; Bibliographia * Quiricus de Augustis, ''Lumen apothecariorum''. 1486 {{Google Books|rSjWV1Es5EQC|Editio 1520}} * Bartholomaeus Urbevetanus, Angelus Palea Iuvenatiensis, ''In Antidotarium Ioannis filii Mesue cum declaratione simplicium medicinarum et solutione multorum dubiorum ac difficilium terminorum''. [Titulus currens: "Censura".] Basileae, 1543 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RJZRkiyRpWoC/page/n59https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RJZRkiyRpWoC/ Textus] * Ulrike Heuken, ''Der achte, neunte und zehnte Abschnitt des Antidotarium Mesuë in der Druckfassung Venedig 1561 (Trocisci, Pulver, Suffuf, Pillen''. Stutgardiae: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, 1990 * Ingrid Klimascheski-Bock, ''Die « Distinctio sexta » des Antidotarium Mesuë in der Druckfassung Venedig 1561 (Sirupe und Robub): Übersetzung, Kommentar und Nachdruck der Textfassung von 1561''. Stutgardiae: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, 1987 [https://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/pharm_0035-2349_1988_num_76_276_2937_t1_0091_0000_3.pdf Recensio huius operis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{Creanda|d|Q41616909|Ioannes Iacobus de Manliis}}, ''Luminare maius, seu Interpretatio antidotarii et practicae Johannis Mesue''. 1490 {{Google Books|r2uPNkjLnzQC|Editio 1496}}; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k60569j/f3.image editio 1548] apud ''Gallica''; {{Google Books|ogiSSGDJ3WEC|editio 1566}} ; Nexus externi * Liliane Plouvier, "Pseudo-Mesué, père de la confiserie européenne" in ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20190817182142/https://www.oldcook.com/doc/plouvier_europe_table.pdf L'Europe se met à table]'' (Bruxellis, 2000) pp. 70-73 * Emiliano Sordano, ''[http://www.pluteus.it/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/luminare-maius.pdf Il Luminare Maius di Manlio del Bosco: verso una edizione critica del testo]'' * L. J. Vandewiele, ''De Grabadin van Pseudo-Mesues (XIe-XIIe eeuw) en zijn invloed op de oniwikkeling van de farmacie in de Zuidelijk Nederlanden''. Dissertatio Gandensis [https://www.persee.fr/doc/pharm_0035-2349_1962_num_50_173_9026_t1_0294_0000_1 Epitome huius dissertationis] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221205170747/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Harley_MS_3745 Editio interretialis] MS. [[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Harley 3475 (saec. XIV): ''Canones'', ''Liber graduum simplicium'', ''Grabadin'' == ''Canones universales'' == [[Fasciculus:Mesue Paris 1523 title page.jpg|thumb|''Domini Mesue vita ... Canones universales ... Grabadin ... Liber medicinarum particularium ... Summula Iacobi de Partibus''. Lugduni? 1523. Titulus]] ''Canones universales'' sunt liber de medicinis laxativis. Commentarium [[Mundinus de Leuciis|Mundini de Leuciis]], titulo ''Expositio super Canones universales'', cum hoc opere divulgari solet. ; Bibliographia * Sieglinde Lieberknecht, ''Die Canones des pseudo-Mesue: eine mittelalterliche Purgantien-Lehre''. Stutgardiae: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag, 1995 * Mary Catherine Wellborn, "Mondino de’ Luzzi’s commentary on the Canones generales of Mesue the Younger" in ''Isis'' vol. 22 (1934) pp. 8–11 == ''Liber graduum simplicium'' == ''Liber graduum simplicium'' medicamenta simplicia ordine facultatum et graduum enumerat. == ''Practica'' == ''Practica'' est opusculum praeliminare de arte medica. Iuxta hunc librum divulgari solent supplementa [[Franciscus de Pede montium|Francisci de Pede montium]], titulo ''Additiones'', et [[Petrus Aponus|Petri Aponi]], titulo ''Complementum''. ; Bibliographia * {{Creanda|d|Q41616909|Ioannes Iacobus de Manliis}}, ''Luminare maius seu Interpretatio antidotarii et practicae Johannis Mesue''. Venetiis, 1496 {{Google Books|r2uPNkjLnzQC}}; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k60569j/f3.image editio 1548] apud ''Gallica'' == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] [[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 13]] m1i2c4q1iepc54hteerafh1p9vqnkl2 0 290669 3957293 3919506 2026-04-27T17:43:17Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957293 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:盐官缸肉1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gastronomia Zhejiangensis||en|qid=Q1156999}}: ''Dongpo rou'' ("porcina Dongpo") sicut [[Jiaxing]] in urbe illius provinciae infertur]] {{res|Porcina Dongpo}}, [[Sinice]] 東坡肉 ''Dōngpō ròu'' est ferculum typicum urbis [[Hancheum|Hanchei]] (''Hangzhou'') in provincia [[Cechiana]] [[Sinae (regio)|Sinarum]] sed in aliis regionibus nonnullis simili modo paratum. == Compositio == [[Fasciculus:Su shi.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|[[Su Dongpo]]: effigies anno circiter 1300 a calligrapho [[Zhao Mengfu]] picta]] Ventrem [[porcina|porcinum]] assas; deterge, ne laves. Condies cum [[allium chinense|cepullis]] candidis, [[gingiber]]e. Ut primum bullierit, expressum in offulas dissecabis. [[Saccharum]] coques in patina. Cum coloraberit, mittes porcinam, liquamine [[Soia (liquamen)|soia]] et [[vinum Shaoxingense|vino Shaoxingensi]] suffundes, cooperies. Facies ut quam lentissime ferveat. Depones, macerabis. Postridie calefacies, ex iure suo inferes. [[Fasciculus:盐官缸肉2.jpg|thumb|''Dongpo rou'' ("porcina Dongpo") sicut dispertiri solet, concisis [[allium chinense|cepullis]] viridibus inspersis]] Ferculum ad honorem poëtae [[Su Dongpo]] nominatur, magistrati saeculo XI urbis Hanchei, qui in carmine 豬肉頌 "Porcinae laus" methodum paucis verbis describere videtur: ::凈洗鐺<br /> ::少著水<br /> :柴頭罨煙焰不起。<br /> :待他自熟莫催他<br /> :火侯足時他自美。<br /> ::黃州好豬肉<br /> ::價賤如泥土。<br /> ::貴者不肯喫<br /> ::貧者不解煮<br /> :早辰起來打兩碗<br /> :飽得自家君莫管。 ("Igne leni cocta, aqua quam minima, tempore satis dato aurea florebitur. Patienter exspecta: sine sensu festinas. Hanchei porcina optima pretio stercoris venditatur. Dives edere recusat; pauper parare nescit. Patellis sic duobus matutine datis, aliud nihil desidero").<ref>[[Su Shi|Su Dongpo]], [[:s:zh:豬肉頌|豬肉頌]]. Versio Latina e pluribus paginis interretialibus subter citatis confecta</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * William Chan Tat Chen, Bin Gao, "La Cuisine chinoise" in Michel Aufray, Michel Perret, edd., ''Cuisines d'Orient et d'ailleurs'' (Grenoble: Glénat, 1995. ISBN 2-7234-1792-1) p. 188 * [[Fuchsia Dunlop]], ''Land of Fish and Rice'' (Londinii: Bloomsbury, 2016) pp. 86-87 * Françoise Sabban, "[https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00180120/document La Diète parfaite d'un lettré retiré sous les Song du Sud]" in ''Etudes chinoises'' vol. 16 n° 1 (1997), vide p. 35 {{NexInt}} * [[Porcina in braza rubra]] == Nexus externi == * "[https://emylogues.wordpress.com/2012/04/21/dongpo-rou-dongpo-braised-pork-belly-东坡肉/ Dongpo Braised Pork Belly]" apud ''Emilylogues'' * "[https://chaxiubao.typepad.com/chaxiubao/2005/03/slowbraised_por.html Slow-braised pork belly: Dongpo Pork (東坡肉)]" (30 Martii 2005) apud ''Cha Xiu Bao'' * Chung Meng Leong, "[https://www.theworldofchinese.com/2020/03/food-fit-for-a-poet/ Food Fit for a Poet]" (Martio 2020) apud ''The World of Chinese'' * "[https://www.choochoocachew.com/dongpopork/ Classic Dong Po Pork]" apud ''Choochoo-ca-chew'' * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210412212301/http://www.kindofcooking.com/chinese-pork-belly/ The Best Ever Sous Vide Chinese Pork Belly (Dongpo Rou)]" (19 Martii 2020) apud ''Kind of Cooking'' * "[https://thewoksoflife.com/braised-pork-belly-dong-po-rou/ Braised pork belly Dong po rou]" apud ''The Woks of Life'' * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160523164359/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/food/how-to-make-dong-po-pork Video: How to make braised Dongpo pork]" in ''[[Straits Times]]'' (8 Maii 2016) [[Categoria:Gastronomia Zhejiangensis]] [[Categoria:Fercula porcina]] [[Categoria:Hancheum]] lqnei4j4vgf92px588ukh721om0i4wr 0 296741 3957363 3657590 2026-04-28T01:45:35Z Bartholomite 116968 3957363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:HK 16th Caine Rd 60405 front.JPG|300px|thumb|right|[[Cathedralis Immaculatae Conceptionis (Hongcongi)|Cathedralis Immaculatae Conceptionis]]]] {{res|Dioecesis Sciiamchiamensis}} ([[Sinice]] 天主教香港教區) est [[Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae|dioecesis Ecclesiae Catholicae]] sedem habet in [[Hongcongum|Hongcongo]]. Die [[22 Aprilis]] [[1941]] constituta est sicut praefectura apostolica. == Historia == Dioecesis Sciiamchiamensis die 11 Aprilis [[1946]] a [[papa]] [[Pius XII|Pio XII]] erecta et [[Archidioecesis Coamceuvensis|Archidioeceseos Coamceuvensis]] [[dioecesis suffraganea|suffraganea]] est. Ei 51 paroeciae sunt. == Episcopi == * Henricus Valtorta, P.I.M.E. † ([[1926]] - [[1951]]) * Laurentius Bianchi, P.I.M.E. † ([[1951]] - [[1968]]) * Franciscus Xavierius Hsu Chen-Ping † ([[1969]] - [[1973]])<ref>Administrator apostolicus a 30 Novembris [[1968]].</ref> * Petus Wang Kei Lei † ([[1973]] - [[1974]]) * Ioannes baptista Wu Cheng-chung † ([[1975]] - [[2002]]) * [[Iosephus Zen Ze-kiun]], [[Societas Sancti Francisci Salesii|S.D.B.]] ([[2002]] - [[2009]]) * [[Ioannes Tong Hon]] (15 aprile [[2009]] - [[2017]]) * [[Michael Yeung Ming-cheung]] † ([[2017]] - [[2019]]) ** [[Ioannes Tong Hon]],<ref>Administrator apostolicus a 5 Ianuarii [[2019]].</ref> * [[Stephanus Chow Sau-yan]], [[Societas Iesu|S.I.]] (2021-) == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * {{CathHierDiocese|hong}} {{RC-stipula}} [[Categoria:Dioeceses Ecclesiae Catholicae in Sina|Sciiamchiamensis]] [[Categoria:Hongcongum]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1946]] papmcorhfyh6ec348n6mudn1927fp3d 0 296860 3957308 3898662 2026-04-27T19:51:00Z StannileiusIohnsonius 208506 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|1|0 */ 3957308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Greenland National Museum.jpg|thumb|Museum nationale Groenlandicum cum tabulario]] '''Museum nationale Groenlandicum cum tabulario''' ([[Lingua Danica|Danice]]: ''Grønlands Nationalmuseum og Arkiv''; Groenlandice: ''Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu'', compendiarie '''NKA''') est [[Groenlandia]]e museum et archivum centrale. Anno 2018 numerabantur 16.803 visitatores moderatore Daniele Thorleifsen. Aedificio hodierno Helge Bojsen-Møller architectus ichnographias dederat. == Historia == [[File:Greenland National Museum (25731327300).jpg|thumb|Introitus]] [[file:Nuuk-moravian-brethren-herrnhut-huset-nuup-kangerlua.jpg|thumb|Aedificium Herrnhutense, situs pristinus]] Prima inauguratio musealis facta est anno 1965 [[Nuuk|Godthåb]] in urbe; museum tunc in aedibus B-7 sartum est tectum conservabatur, in dieaetis veteribus missionariis Communitatis Herrnhutensis anno 1747 erectis. Die 23 Augusti 1966 officialiter Museum nationale declaratum est quod in principio privatim dispositum esset. Anno 1978 autem commigratum est ad locum hodiernum.<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/om-nka/nkas-historie/ NKA's historie]</ref> Ab anno 1982 artificiorum documentorumve milia XXXV e museis [[Hafnia|Hafniensibus]] in Groenlandiam retranslata sunt. <ref>[https://da.nka.gl/museet/samlinger/ Samlingerne]</ref> Die 1 Novembris 1982 Archivum nationale conditum est, quod in initio in aedibus B-1728 fuerat, ubi nunc Bibliothecam nationalem habemus. Die 1 Ianuarii 1991 institutum utrumque confusum est et ex anno 1992 restaurationibus necessariis confectis Archivum nationale museo maxime contiguum situm est. == Aedificium == Museum et archivum e multis casis consistit. Praeter tres aedes supra nominatas haud procul camerae aliae inveniuntur.<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/om-nka/nkas-historie/nkas-bygninger/ NKA's bygninger]</ref> * '''B-66''': Camerae ex annis 1930, quibus ala moderna addita est. Ibi habueris expositionem, depositorium museale, bibliothecam musealem. * '''B-1859''': Ex anno 1928; factae sunt anno 1991/92 in archivum cum ex anno 2007 rursus expositio insit. * '''B-1860''': Ex anno 1924; hodie hic sunt duae expositiones museales. * '''B-36''': Ergasterium museali quod anno 1851 in fundamentis ecclesiasticis pristinis constructum est. * '''B-43''': Ex anno 1841; ibi hospitium institutum est. * '''B-70''': Ex anno 1846 artificiis tuto reponendis. * '''B-74''': Ex annis 1900 exeuntibus; taberna doliaris olim, nunc cum expositione de doliis. * '''B-81''': Ex anno 1927; hodie thesaurus. Omnes domus in elencho protectae sunt.<ref>Bene inspici possunt [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Baudenkm%C3%A4ler_in_der_Kommuneqarfik_Sermersooq#Nuuk hic]</ref> == Museum == [[file:Hvalsey Church.jpg|thumb|Fanum Hvalseianum, optime conservatum]] [[file:Qilakitsoq I-1.jpg|thumb|[[Mumia]] quaedam Qilakitsoq]] Ecce [[exhibitio]]nes in situ admirandae:<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/museet/udstillinger/ Udstillinger]</ref> * ''De første mennesker'' (de hominibus primis): Praehistoria Groenlandiae annis inter ca. 2500 a.C.n. et 1250 p.C.n., de technologia, [[oeconomia]], structura sociali. * ''Arktiske bønder - Nordboerne i Grønland'' (de agricolis arcticis): Historia post adventum Europaeorum ab [[Islandia]] saeculis inter XI et XV cum aspectibus vitae quotidianae, religionis, expeditionum. * ''Nye mennesker - Thulekulturen'' (de cultura Thula): de initio cultus atque humanitatis [[Escimaeus|Esquimensium]] ex anno 1200. Collectio ethnographica vitam omnium dierum describens varia unica habet, e.g. illustrissimas sceletos vici Qilakitsoq. * ''Inuits transportmidler'' (vehicula Esquimensium): Ibi omnia de carris, sclodiis, lintribus traditionalibus disci possunt. * ''Livstil og klasseskel'' (modus vivendi secundum classes sociales): Monstratio coloniae ex anno 1721, ubi dicrimina inter rationem vivendi Europaeam et istam indigenam narrantur; etiam vestimenta habitus pedalia spectari possunt. * ''Kommunikation skaber folk'' (communicatio populum gignens): Identitas Groelandicadie indagatur e primis vestigiis usque dies nostros. Ante omnia quaestiones de ecclesia, scholis, politica, communicatione sociali, commeatu tractantur. Emolumentum geopoliticum ex anno 1945 accrescens quoque praesentatur. * ''Bødkerværkstedet'' (officina doliaria): Ars doliorum faciendorum egregia visitatores stupefaciat. * ''Trankogeriet'' (de oleo iecoris Aselli coquendo): Ad amussim explicatur, quomodo olum morrhuae e [[cetacea|cetacorum]] larido fabricetur. * Insuper identidem monstrationes variae ad tempus in situ morantur, ut patet. == Archivum == In tabulario autem permulta documenta totius Groenlandiae servantur. Itaque habent:<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/arkivet/hvad-findes-der-i-groenlands-nationalarkiv/ Hvad findes der i Grønlands Nationalarkiv?]</ref> * Archiva ecclesiastica: libros paroeciales, missionarios, scholasticos, epistulas, diaria, homilias * Archiva inspectorum: statisticas demographicas oecononicasque, relationes conventuum politicorum * Archiva colonorum: statisticas possessorum, commercia epistularia * Archiva vicorum: epistulas, scholastica, notas vicorum singulorum * Archivum seminarii: omnia de studiosis Seminarii Groenlandici, quod dicitur. * Archiva rectoratuum: res administrativas inde ab anno 1979 * Archiva privata: scripta privatorum societatumque variorum * Archivum delineationum: ichnographias aedificiorum quae erexerit turba cui nomen ''Grønlands Tekniske Organisation'' (GTO) Libri matriculae, ampla collectio photographica et libri amicorum navis missionariorum evangelicorum ''Logos'' in illis sunt, quae interretialiter spectari possunt.<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/arkivet/arkivalier-paa-nettet/ Arkivalier på nettet]</ref> Anno 1959, cum navis ''Hans Hedtoft'' sideret, multae res ad archivum inspectorium meridianum spectantes perierunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191201234114/https://www.katak.gl/da/udstillinger/m-s-hans-hedtoft M/S Hans Hedtoft]</ref> == Patrimonium culturale == [[file:Tupilak 1.jpg|thumb|100px|Idola]] [[file:Greenland 1999 (01).jpg|thumb|Vestes muliebres]] [[file:Anda Kuitse.jpg|thumb|[[Anda Kûitse]], saltator tympanizans]] Musei nationalis Groenlandici cum archivo est protectio hereditatis tam spiritalis quam rerum quae tangi possunt.<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/kulturarv/ Kulturarv og fredning]</ref> Haec comprehenduntur:<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/immateriel-kulturarvsfortegnelse/ Immaterielle emner]</ref> * pellificum ars * vestes genticae mulierum virorumque * mensurae corporum * praebia * statuae magicae ''(tupilak)'' * homines notis compuncti * libationes * caelorum interpretatio * cantamina ''(serratit)'' * dualismus Groenlanicus religiosus * leges materiarum brutarum quam optime dividendarum * litterae ore traditae cum mythologia Esquimensi * cantus ex iugulo, cantus ad tympanum et cantilenae antiquae * saltationes festis ornandis ''(qutsaserneq)'', ballationes cum personis * habitationes aestivi ''(aasiviit)'' * natalicia in Groenlandia * pilarum ludus ''(kalattut arsarneq)'' * certaminum caudicarum exercitationum in lintribus Groenlandicis * divisio praedarum in tabernaculo ''(ningerneq)'' * donatio praedarum in tabernaculo ''(pajugutit)'' * promiscuitas legitima pro coitu ''(qaminngarneq)'' * mos alienarum vestium induendarum ''(mitaarneq)'' cum visitatione aliorum et saltatione ante eorum portas (mixtio inter usus antiquos Esquimenses et festum Christianum [[Sollemnitas Epiphaniae Domini|Trium Magorum]] * festum post venationem primam ''(pernarneq)'' * imitatio rerum gestarum bene salsa * dies nationalis (21 Iunii) * festum [[solstitium|solstitii]] hibernalis ''(ullukinneq)'' Aedificia Groenlandiae protegenda hic admirationi prostant: [[:de:Liste der Baudenkmäler in Grönland]] == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Greenland National Museum|Museum nationale Groenlandicum}} * [https://en.nka.gl/ Situs proprius] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200804144041/https://qangagooq.gl/welcome.jspx Qangagooq] (archivum interretiale/NKA) * [http://denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Museumsv%C3%A6sen/Historiske_museer_og_samlinger/Gr%C3%B8nlands_Nationalmuseum_og_Arkiv De instituto in Encyclopaedia Magna Danica] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210526172124/https://visitgreenland.com/de/anbieter/groenlands-nationalmuseum/ Paginae periegeticae] == Notae == <references /> [[categoria:Groenlandia]] [[categoria:Musea Danica]] [[categoria:Archiva]] [[categoria:Incepta 1966]] [[categoria:Musea historica]] [[categoria:Musea nationalia]] 9dkv6ctidk8xplqvglg8z2oitcyubcz 3957332 3957308 2026-04-27T22:17:49Z IacobusAmor 1163 Nexus "Danice" iam adest. 3957332 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Greenland National Museum.jpg|thumb|Museum nationale Groenlandicum cum tabulario]] '''Museum nationale Groenlandicum cum tabulario''' ([[Danice]] ''Grønlands Nationalmuseum og Arkiv''; Groenlandice: ''Nunatta Katersugaasivia Allagaateqarfialu'', compendiarie '''NKA''') est [[Groenlandia]]e museum et archivum centrale. Anno 2018 numerabantur 16.803 visitatores moderatore Daniele Thorleifsen. Aedificio hodierno Helge Bojsen-Møller architectus ichnographias dederat. == Historia == [[File:Greenland National Museum (25731327300).jpg|thumb|Introitus]] [[file:Nuuk-moravian-brethren-herrnhut-huset-nuup-kangerlua.jpg|thumb|Aedificium Herrnhutense, situs pristinus]] Prima inauguratio musealis facta est anno 1965 [[Nuuk|Godthåb]] in urbe; museum tunc in aedibus B-7 sartum est tectum conservabatur, in dieaetis veteribus missionariis Communitatis Herrnhutensis anno 1747 erectis. Die 23 Augusti 1966 officialiter Museum nationale declaratum est quod in principio privatim dispositum esset. Anno 1978 autem commigratum est ad locum hodiernum.<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/om-nka/nkas-historie/ NKA's historie]</ref> Ab anno 1982 artificiorum documentorumve milia XXXV e museis [[Hafnia|Hafniensibus]] in Groenlandiam retranslata sunt. <ref>[https://da.nka.gl/museet/samlinger/ Samlingerne]</ref> Die 1 Novembris 1982 Archivum nationale conditum est, quod in initio in aedibus B-1728 fuerat, ubi nunc Bibliothecam nationalem habemus. Die 1 Ianuarii 1991 institutum utrumque confusum est et ex anno 1992 restaurationibus necessariis confectis Archivum nationale museo maxime contiguum situm est. == Aedificium == Museum et archivum e multis casis consistit. Praeter tres aedes supra nominatas haud procul camerae aliae inveniuntur.<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/om-nka/nkas-historie/nkas-bygninger/ NKA's bygninger]</ref> * '''B-66''': Camerae ex annis 1930, quibus ala moderna addita est. Ibi habueris expositionem, depositorium museale, bibliothecam musealem. * '''B-1859''': Ex anno 1928; factae sunt anno 1991/92 in archivum cum ex anno 2007 rursus expositio insit. * '''B-1860''': Ex anno 1924; hodie hic sunt duae expositiones museales. * '''B-36''': Ergasterium museali quod anno 1851 in fundamentis ecclesiasticis pristinis constructum est. * '''B-43''': Ex anno 1841; ibi hospitium institutum est. * '''B-70''': Ex anno 1846 artificiis tuto reponendis. * '''B-74''': Ex annis 1900 exeuntibus; taberna doliaris olim, nunc cum expositione de doliis. * '''B-81''': Ex anno 1927; hodie thesaurus. Omnes domus in elencho protectae sunt.<ref>Bene inspici possunt [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Baudenkm%C3%A4ler_in_der_Kommuneqarfik_Sermersooq#Nuuk hic]</ref> == Museum == [[file:Hvalsey Church.jpg|thumb|Fanum Hvalseianum, optime conservatum]] [[file:Qilakitsoq I-1.jpg|thumb|[[Mumia]] quaedam Qilakitsoq]] Ecce [[exhibitio]]nes in situ admirandae:<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/museet/udstillinger/ Udstillinger]</ref> * ''De første mennesker'' (de hominibus primis): Praehistoria Groenlandiae annis inter ca. 2500 a.C.n. et 1250 p.C.n., de technologia, [[oeconomia]], structura sociali. * ''Arktiske bønder - Nordboerne i Grønland'' (de agricolis arcticis): Historia post adventum Europaeorum ab [[Islandia]] saeculis inter XI et XV cum aspectibus vitae quotidianae, religionis, expeditionum. * ''Nye mennesker - Thulekulturen'' (de cultura Thula): de initio cultus atque humanitatis [[Escimaeus|Esquimensium]] ex anno 1200. Collectio ethnographica vitam omnium dierum describens varia unica habet, e.g. illustrissimas sceletos vici Qilakitsoq. * ''Inuits transportmidler'' (vehicula Esquimensium): Ibi omnia de carris, sclodiis, lintribus traditionalibus disci possunt. * ''Livstil og klasseskel'' (modus vivendi secundum classes sociales): Monstratio coloniae ex anno 1721, ubi dicrimina inter rationem vivendi Europaeam et istam indigenam narrantur; etiam vestimenta habitus pedalia spectari possunt. * ''Kommunikation skaber folk'' (communicatio populum gignens): Identitas Groelandicadie indagatur e primis vestigiis usque dies nostros. Ante omnia quaestiones de ecclesia, scholis, politica, communicatione sociali, commeatu tractantur. Emolumentum geopoliticum ex anno 1945 accrescens quoque praesentatur. * ''Bødkerværkstedet'' (officina doliaria): Ars doliorum faciendorum egregia visitatores stupefaciat. * ''Trankogeriet'' (de oleo iecoris Aselli coquendo): Ad amussim explicatur, quomodo olum morrhuae e [[cetacea|cetacorum]] larido fabricetur. * Insuper identidem monstrationes variae ad tempus in situ morantur, ut patet. == Archivum == In tabulario autem permulta documenta totius Groenlandiae servantur. Itaque habent:<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/arkivet/hvad-findes-der-i-groenlands-nationalarkiv/ Hvad findes der i Grønlands Nationalarkiv?]</ref> * Archiva ecclesiastica: libros paroeciales, missionarios, scholasticos, epistulas, diaria, homilias * Archiva inspectorum: statisticas demographicas oecononicasque, relationes conventuum politicorum * Archiva colonorum: statisticas possessorum, commercia epistularia * Archiva vicorum: epistulas, scholastica, notas vicorum singulorum * Archivum seminarii: omnia de studiosis Seminarii Groenlandici, quod dicitur. * Archiva rectoratuum: res administrativas inde ab anno 1979 * Archiva privata: scripta privatorum societatumque variorum * Archivum delineationum: ichnographias aedificiorum quae erexerit turba cui nomen ''Grønlands Tekniske Organisation'' (GTO) Libri matriculae, ampla collectio photographica et libri amicorum navis missionariorum evangelicorum ''Logos'' in illis sunt, quae interretialiter spectari possunt.<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/arkivet/arkivalier-paa-nettet/ Arkivalier på nettet]</ref> Anno 1959, cum navis ''Hans Hedtoft'' sideret, multae res ad archivum inspectorium meridianum spectantes perierunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191201234114/https://www.katak.gl/da/udstillinger/m-s-hans-hedtoft M/S Hans Hedtoft]</ref> == Patrimonium culturale == [[file:Tupilak 1.jpg|thumb|100px|Idola]] [[file:Greenland 1999 (01).jpg|thumb|Vestes muliebres]] [[file:Anda Kuitse.jpg|thumb|[[Anda Kûitse]], saltator tympanizans]] Musei nationalis Groenlandici cum archivo est protectio hereditatis tam spiritalis quam rerum quae tangi possunt.<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/kulturarv/ Kulturarv og fredning]</ref> Haec comprehenduntur:<ref>[https://da.nka.gl/immateriel-kulturarvsfortegnelse/ Immaterielle emner]</ref> * pellificum ars * vestes genticae mulierum virorumque * mensurae corporum * praebia * statuae magicae ''(tupilak)'' * homines notis compuncti * libationes * caelorum interpretatio * cantamina ''(serratit)'' * dualismus Groenlanicus religiosus * leges materiarum brutarum quam optime dividendarum * litterae ore traditae cum mythologia Esquimensi * cantus ex iugulo, cantus ad tympanum et cantilenae antiquae * saltationes festis ornandis ''(qutsaserneq)'', ballationes cum personis * habitationes aestivi ''(aasiviit)'' * natalicia in Groenlandia * pilarum ludus ''(kalattut arsarneq)'' * certaminum caudicarum exercitationum in lintribus Groenlandicis * divisio praedarum in tabernaculo ''(ningerneq)'' * donatio praedarum in tabernaculo ''(pajugutit)'' * promiscuitas legitima pro coitu ''(qaminngarneq)'' * mos alienarum vestium induendarum ''(mitaarneq)'' cum visitatione aliorum et saltatione ante eorum portas (mixtio inter usus antiquos Esquimenses et festum Christianum [[Sollemnitas Epiphaniae Domini|Trium Magorum]] * festum post venationem primam ''(pernarneq)'' * imitatio rerum gestarum bene salsa * dies nationalis (21 Iunii) * festum [[solstitium|solstitii]] hibernalis ''(ullukinneq)'' Aedificia Groenlandiae protegenda hic admirationi prostant: [[:de:Liste der Baudenkmäler in Grönland]] == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Greenland National Museum|Museum nationale Groenlandicum}} * [https://en.nka.gl/ Situs proprius] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200804144041/https://qangagooq.gl/welcome.jspx Qangagooq] (archivum interretiale/NKA) * [http://denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Museumsv%C3%A6sen/Historiske_museer_og_samlinger/Gr%C3%B8nlands_Nationalmuseum_og_Arkiv De instituto in Encyclopaedia Magna Danica] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210526172124/https://visitgreenland.com/de/anbieter/groenlands-nationalmuseum/ Paginae periegeticae] == Notae == <references /> [[categoria:Groenlandia]] [[categoria:Musea Danica]] [[categoria:Archiva]] [[categoria:Incepta 1966]] [[categoria:Musea historica]] [[categoria:Musea nationalia]] 30gvjsmqd8ap2xw1e14vx0e6vfmcwy5 0 301612 3957384 3905726 2026-04-28T08:27:00Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957384 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Dog and cat showing fight or flight responses.jpg|thumb|[[Canis]] et [[feles]] responsa [[contentio animi|contentionis animi]] ostendunt.]] {{res|Responsum pugnae aut fugae}}{{FD ref}} est [[reactio physiologica]] [[trauma psychologicum|traumati psychologico]], [[damnum corporis|damno corporis]], vel [[timor|minaci]] [[sensus (biologia)|sensibus]] [[perceptio|perceptae]]. A [[Gualterius Bradford Cannon|Gualterio Bradford Cannon]] anno [[1915]] descriptum, tale responsum reactiones egestivas<!-- {{*Cfr}} {{LTL|egestivus|239}} --> [[systema nervosum autonomicum|systematis nervosi autonomici]] (partis quidem illius sympathicae) et [[glandula adrenalis|glandularum adrenalium]] comprehendit.<ref>{{opus | nomen 1 = J. R. | cognomen 1 = Carter | nomen 2 = D. S. | cognomen 2 = Goldstein | titulus = Sympathoneural and adrenomedullary responses to mental stress | contextus = Comprehensive Physiology | annus = 2015 | mensis = 1 | volumen = 5 | fasciculus = 1 | paginae = 119-46 | url = https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25589266/ | doi = 10.1002/cphy.c140030 }}.</ref> == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} *[[Animi motus]] *[[Bellum]] *[[Instinctus naturae]] == Nexus externi == * ''verywellmind.com'' de [https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-fight-or-flight-response-2795194 responso pugna vel fuga]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{dubsig}} {{Ling|Anglice}} [[Categoria:Systema nervosum autonomicum]] [[Categoria:Timor]] d9igq2lck9cslfh9dwmtrba6g9gw1vo 0 303288 3957397 3725709 2026-04-28T09:26:43Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ricardus Olmstead''', vulgo plene ''Richard Glenn Olmstead'' (anno [[1951]] natus), est [[botanista]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]], qui praesertim in [[phylogenetica]]m [[ratio]]ne [[biologia molecularis|biologico moleculari]] inquirit. Doctoratum apud [[Universitas Vasingtoniensis|Universitatem Vasingtoniensem]] meruit propter dissertationem de genetica generis ''[[Scutellaria]]e''; mox cum {{Creanda|en|Jeffrey D. Palmer|Galfridus Palmer|Galfrido Palmer}} in ordinatam cladi [[Asteridae|Asteridarum]] rationem inquisivit. Apud [[universitas Coloratensis|Universitatem Coloratensem]] quinque annos operam dedit. Denuo almam matrem petivit, ubi [[professor]] botanicae meret. Sodalis fuit [[grex phylogeneticus Angiospermarum|gregis phylogenetici Angiospermarum]], cuius labores anno [[2016]] perfecti sunt. == Scripta selecta == * 1999 (cum aliis) : "Phylogeny and Provisional Classification of the Solanaceae Based on Chloroplast DNA" in M. Nee et al., edd., ''Solanaceae IV'' (Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, 1999) pp. 111-137 * 2001 (cum aliis) : "[https://web.archive.org/web/20220310103856/https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2307/2657024 Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae]" in ''American Journal of Botany'' vol. 88 (2001) pp. 348–361 * 2002 : "[https://www.paperzz.com/doc/9427583/whatever-happened-to-the-scrophulariaceae%3F- Whatever happened to the Scrophulariaceae?]" in ''Fremontia'' vol. 30 (2002) pp. 13–22 * 2008 (cum aliis) : "A Molecular Phylogeny of the Solanaceae" in ''Taxon'' vol. 57 (2008) pp. 1159-1181 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27756771 JSTOR] * 2011 (cum Ryan J. Miller [primo auctore] aliisque) : "Color by Numbers: Nuclear Gene Phylogeny of Jaltomata (Solanaceae), Sister Genus to Solanum, Supports Three Clades Differing in Fruit Color" in ''Systematic Botany'' vol. 36 (2011) pp. 153-162 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23028961 JSTOR] * 2013 (cum [[Tiina Särkinen]], [[Lynn Bohs]], [[Alexandra Knapp|Sandra Knapp]]) : "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258957303_A_phylogenetic_framework_for_evolutionary_study_of_the_nightshades_Solanaceae_A_dated_1000-tip_tree A phylogenetic framework for evolutionary study of the nightshades (Solanaceae): a dated 1000-tip tree]" in ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' vol. 13 (2013) 214 * 2014 (cum Nancy F. Refulio-Rodriguez [prima auctrice]) : "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210225052630/https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3732/ajb.1300394 Phylogeny of Lamiidae]" in ''American Journal of Botany'' vol. 101 (2014) pp. 287–299 {{Botanistae|Olmstead}} == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://www.biology.washington.edu/people/profile/richard-olmstead Pagina propria]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud [[Universitas Vasingtoniensis|universitatem Vasingtoniensem]] {{Lifetime|1951||Olmstead, Ricardus}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Phylogenetici]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Coloratensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Vasingtoniensis]] b7ink87u9irfnilxegchauz2mqxg53l 0 304604 3957289 3932734 2026-04-27T16:18:37Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{videdis|Pomoria (discretiva)}}[[Fasciculus:Lubinus Duchy of Pomerania Map 1618 monocromatic.tif|thumb|Pomeraniae carta ab Eilhardo Lubino anno 1618 delineata]] {{res|Pomerania}}<ref>E.g., [https://books.google.ru/books?id=A1dFAAAAYAAJ ''Pomerania diplomatica; sive, Antiquitates Pomeranicae'' (Francofurti ad Viadrum, 1797)].</ref>, rarius {{res|Pomoria}}<ref>[https://books.google.ru/books?id=R2hRAQAAIAAJ&q=pomoria+orientalis+regio+paludosa&dq=pomoria+orientalis+regio+paludosa&hl=la&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjj_t60lpj7AhXR-ioKHShIC7MQ6AF6BAgHEAI Toimituksia: Annales. Biologica. Series A. 1954, p. 109]; [https://books.google.ru/books?id=5bVFAAAAcAAJ&q=pomoriae#v=snippet&q=pomoriae&f=false Ius Polonicum:, Varsaviae 1831, pp. 270, 271]; [https://books.google.ru/books?id=E-8KAAAAIAAJ&q=pomoriam&dq=pomoriam&hl=la&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0_OXckZj7AhUS6CoKHeMsALEQ6AF6BAgJEAI Monumenta Poloniae historica:, vol. II, 1961, p. 518]. De adiectivo cf. binomina ''Hieracium pomoricum, Tubifex pomoricus''. Regio botanica ''Karelia pomorica'', — [https://books.google.ru/books?id=eYgLAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA76&dq=pomorica&hl=la&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwilu8fzjZj7AhWsCRAIHWuHAbMQ6AF6BAgBEAI#v=onepage&q=pomorica&f=false ]. [https://books.google.ru/books?id=v_E4AQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PT2&dq=karelia+pomorica+ladogensis&hl=la&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiw5eCwj5j7AhVOlosKHd88DLQQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=karelia%20pomorica%20ladogensis&f=false ]; et {{res|Pomorania}}, — "Die 3 iulii: S. Ottonis, Episcopi et Confessoris. In Pomorania: Patroni principalis Pomoraniae, I classis." ''Officia propria dioecesium Poloniae. Pars altera.'' (Augustae Taurinorum: Marietti 1965)</ref>, est historica [[regio]] [[Europa]]ea, ad australe [[mare Balticum|maris Baltici]] [[litus]] sita. Nomen Pomeraniae originem [[linguae Slavicae|Slavicam]] habet (''ad mare sita''). == Limites Pomeraniae == Notandum est nomine Pomeraniae haud semper idem territorium nuncupari: * sensu praesertim Germanico Pomerania ([[Lingua Theodisca|theodisce]] ''Pommern'') est regio, cuius limites cum ducatu Pomeraniae antiquo fere concordant; * sensu praesertim Polonico Pomerania ([[Lingua Polonica|polonice]] ''Pomorze'') ulterius in orientem extenditur, [[Cassubia|Cassubiam]] includens, quae e contra a Germanis saepius nomine [[Pomerellia|Pomerelliae]]<ref>Dahlberg, E. s.d. ''Ichnographia castri Schwetz in Pomerellia ab exercitu R.M. Sueciae d. 4. Octob. 1655 occupati ; Schenographia castri Schwetz.'' ([https://polona.pl/preview/b49009d2-5d93-44c5-8a98-28871e694700 lege hic])</ref> distinguitur. Nunc pars Pomeraniae occidentalis, quae et [[Pomerania Citerior]] nuncupatur, in terram foederalem [[Germania]]e [[Megapolis et Pomerania Citerior|Megapolim et Pomeraniam Citeriorem]] includitur; Pomeraniae autem pars orientalis [[Polonia]]e est. Inter annos 1648 et 1815 pars Pomeraniae etiam regno [[Suecia|Sueciae]] fuit. == Geographia et historia == Pomerania est regio, in qua colles multae, sed haud altae, inveniuntur, multique lacus et silvae<ref>Kondracki, J. 1998. ''Geografia regionalna Polski.'' Varsoviae: PWN. <nowiki>ISBN 978-83-01-12479-3</nowiki></ref>. [[Viadrus]] est maximum Pomeraniae flumen. Inter Pomeraniae urbes enumerari (ab occidente ad orientem) possunt: Hologasta<ref>"Hologastam intromissus cum sociis, fana et delubra paganorum destruxit" ''Officia propria dioecesium Poloniae. Pars altera.'' (Augustae Taurinorum: Marietti 1965) [Die 3 Iulii, s. Ottonis, ad Mat., le. vi, circa initium, p. 46]</ref>, ubi in ecclesia sancti Petri multi Pomeraniae duces sepulti sunt; [[Stettinum‎]], [[Stargardia]], [[Lobesia (urbs)|Lobesia]], Belgarda, Coloberga<ref>"Conversis etiam Coloberga et Belgarda oppidis" ''Officia propria dioecesium Poloniae. Pars altera.'' (Augustae Taurinorum: Marietti 1965) [Die 3 Iulii, s. Ottonis, ad Mat., le. v, circa finem, p. 46]</ref>, [[Coslinum]], [[Rugenwaldia]] et [[Gedanum‎]]. Saeculo duodecimo Pomoranos sanctus Otto<ref name=":0" /> vel Otho<ref>''Martyrologium Romanum, ex decreto sacrosancti OEcumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum, auctoritate Ioannis Pauli Pp. II promulgatum.'' Editio altera. 844 pp. Typis Vaticanis 2004. [Die 30 iunii, 8o loco]</ref>, episcopus Bambergensis, evangelizavit, quem Paulus VI patronum principalem Pomeraniae constituit<ref>''Officia propria dioecesium Poloniae. Pars altera.'' (Augustae Taurinorum: Marietti 1965) [Die 3 iulii, S. Ottonis, ad Mat., le. vi, circa finem, p. 47]</ref>. Dynastia in ducatu Pomeraniae regnans [[Gryphes]]<ref>Vivenest, A. (1654) ''Epicedium Synodi Stargardiensis, in obitum Illustrissimi & Celsissimi Ducis Bogislai XIV, Ultimi, eheu! Principis Pomeraniae &c.'' Stetini. Typis Georgii Goetschii ([https://zbc.ksiaznica.szczecin.pl/dlibra/publication/23793/edition/23898/content lege hic])</ref> appellabatur; ultimus dux Bogislaus XIV<ref>Leuschner M. 1629. ''Disputatio politica de tribus rerum publicarum formis earumque vitijs oppositis...'' (Stetini: Georgii Goetschii) ([https://polona.pl/item-view/d8ffa156-0a56-45db-99e8-ecd1f2b73bc4?page=2 lege hic])</ref> anno 1637 mortuus est. Cartam Pomeraniae celebrem Eilhardus Lubinus anno 1618 delineavit<ref>Lubinus, E. 1618. ''Nova ilustrissimi Principatus Pomeraniae descriptio, cum adjuncta Principum genealogia et Principum veris et potiorum Urbium imaginibus et Nobilium insignibus.'' ([http://archeo.edu.pl/lubinus/ lege hic]) ([http://archeo.edu.pl/lubinus/torun.jpg vide etiam hic]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }})</ref>. == Eponymia == A Pomerania ''Galium'' x ''pomeranicum'' Retz.<ref>Retzius, A. J. 1795. ''Florae Scandinaviae prodromus : enumerans plantas Sueciae, Lapponiae, Finlandiae et Pomeraniae ac Daniae, Norvegiae, Holsatiae, Islandiae Groenlandiaeque.'' Lipsiae: Siegfried Lebrecht Crusius. ([https://books.google.pl/books?id=Y2oVAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=pl#v=onepage&q&f=false lege hic]) [p. 34]</ref>, species plantarum [[Angiospermae|angiospermarum]], vel potius hybrida ''Galii albi'' Miller et ''Galii veri'' L.<ref>Rutkowski, L. 2015. ''Klucz do oznaczania roślin naczyniowych Polski niżowej.'' Editio secunda (septima reimpressio). Varsoviae: PWN. ISBN 978-83-01-14342-8</ref>, appellatum est. ==Notae== <references /> ==Nexus externi== {{fontes geographici}} {{Provinciae Poloniae}} [[Categoria:Pomerania|!]] s3atww3v56fkz5dxo3kwm4ffznhhik0 0 311109 3957413 3838227 2026-04-28T11:54:26Z Trauenbaum 65499 [[Categoria:Francia]] 3957413 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flandria Francica''',<ref name="baudrand_1682">{{cite book |title=Geographia ordine litterarum disposita |last=Baudrand |first=Michael Antonius |author-link=Michael Antonius Baudrand |editor1-first=Stephanus |editor1-last=Michalet |year=[[1682]] |volume=Tomus primus |publisher=Jacobæâ ad insigne Sancti Pauli |location=Lutetia |language=la |oclc=488969068 |page=391 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k8714819p/f425}}.</ref> etiam '''Flandria Meridiana''' appellata, est [[regio]] [[geographia|geographica]] sine statu iuridico, quae cum parte [[historia]]e [[Comitatus Flandriae]] concordat. Hoc [[territorium]] aliquando inter annos [[1659]] et [[1713]] in dicione [[Regnum Franciae|Regni Franciae]] fuit per [[bellum|bella]] [[Ludovicus XIV|Ludovici XIV]] [[rex|regis]]. Complectitur et [[Flandria Maritima|Flandriam Maritimam]]<ref>Quae ''Flandre maritime'' [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]] vocatur.</ref> in [[septentrio]]nibus, quae olim idiomatibus [[Lingua Flandrica|Flandricis]] utebatur,<ref>Flandria Maritima in occidentali regionis translimitaneae parte inter modernam [[Belgica]]m et [[Francia]]m sita est, quae voce [[lingua Batava|Batava]] ''Westhoek'' appellatur; ad verbum id est 'Angulus Occidentalis'; olim etiam appellabatur Flandria Teutonica.</ref> et [[Flandria Gallica|Flandriam Gallicam]]<ref>Quae ''Flandre wallonne'' sive ''Flandre gallicante'' vel etiam ''Flandre romane'' Francogallice vocatur.</ref> in [[meridies|meridie]].<ref name="hubner_1761">{{cite book |title=La Géographie universelle, où l'on donne une idée exacte des quatre parties du monde |chapter=Des Païs-Bas |last1=Hübner |first1=Ioannes |last2=Duvernoy |first2=Ioannes Iacobus |editor1-first=Ioannes Rudolphus |editor1-last=Im-Hof |year=[[1761]] |volume=Tome I |publisher=J. R. Im-Hof |location=Basilea |language=fr |oclc=458151941 |page=351 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k996324s/f379}}.</ref> Flandria Francica per magnam praefecturae [[Septentrio (praefectura Franciae)|Septentrionis]] partem extenditur, et nunc ad [[regio]]nem [[Alta Franciae|Altam Franciam]] pertinet, propter novam regionum Francicarum instaurationem anno [[2016]] effectam, qua [[Septentrio et Fretum]] et [[Picardia (regio recentior)|Picardia]] coalitae sunt. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|French Flanders|Flandriam Francicam}} [[Categoria:Flandria]] [[Categoria:Francia]] p2j9e14pdqa4hnaf3woz4ak584bbwtt 10 311206 3957375 3815349 2026-04-28T06:01:37Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3957375 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />#switch:{{{2|}}} | prev | = {{safesubst:<noinclude />#switch:{{{1|}}} | next | prev | = {{Error|Error: Saltem numerus recensionis unus scribendus est.}} | #default = [[Specialis:Diff/{{{1}}}/prev|{{safesubst:<noinclude 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feci meliorem 3957368 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />Substitutio requisita | 1 = {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{url|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| pulling|url| mapping_by_replacing|^[^%?]+%?||1| mapping_by_replacing|#.+$||1| reinterpreting|url|splitter_string|&|setter_string|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}|trim_all| pulling|1| renaming_by_replacing|1|3|strict| renaming_by_replacing|oldid|1|strict| renaming_by_replacing|diff|2|strict| with_name_matching|^[123]$| providing|1|| providing|2|| providing|3|| concat_and_call|Debug }} | {{Error|Error: URL abest.}} }} | propositum = {{{propositum|}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> gpzrt7nkl3tmt62otr3m1zjqab89o2q 3957369 3957368 2026-04-28T05:14:23Z Grufo 64423 Mendam correxi 3957369 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />Substitutio requisita | 1 = {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{url|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| pulling|url| mapping_by_replacing|^[^%?]+%?||1| mapping_by_replacing|#.+$||1| reinterpreting|url|splitter_string|&|setter_string|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}|trim_all| pulling|1| renaming_by_replacing|1|3|strict| renaming_by_replacing|oldid|1|strict| renaming_by_replacing|diff|2|strict| with_name_matching|^[123]$| providing|1|| providing|2|| providing|3|| concat_and_call|Diff/Specialis }} | {{Error|Error: URL abest.}} }} | propositum = {{{propositum|}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> rrhklyimsobo2ww7p3aamvc025r6zvo 10 311211 3957370 3815362 2026-04-28T05:22:38Z Grufo 64423 Documentationem redintegravi 3957370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria|...}} {{Formula humana}} {{Lua|Modulus:Params}} {{Compendium substitutionis|diff/us}} Haec [[Vicipaedia:substitutio|substitutio]], quiddam [[URL]] interpretando, nexum ad paginam specialem “[[Specialis:Diff|Diff]]” scribit. == De usu == ; Syntaxis : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''subst:diff/us'''|url=''URL differentiae''|''[verba ostenta]''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> {{vsep}} ; Exempla: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|[[Specialis:Diff/2793922/3571541|comparatio recensionum 2793922 et 3571541]]}} *:: ↳ [[Specialis:Diff/2793922/3571541|comparatio recensionum 2793922 et 3571541]] * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=next&oldid=2793922}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|[[Specialis:Diff/2793922/next|comparatio recensionum 2793922 et posteriorem]]}} *:: ↳ [[Specialis:Diff/2793922/next|comparatio recensionum 2793922 et posteriorem]] * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&oldid=2793922}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|[[Specialis:Diff/2793922/prev|comparatio recensionum 2793922 et priorem]]}} *:: ↳ [[Specialis:Diff/2793922/prev|comparatio recensionum 2793922 et priorem]] * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=prev}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|[[Specialis:Diff/3571541/prev|comparatio recensionum 3571541 et priorem]]}} *:: ↳ [[Specialis:Diff/3571541/prev|comparatio recensionum 3571541 et priorem]] * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|[[Specialis:Diff/3571541/prev|comparatio recensionum 3571541 et priorem]]}} *:: ↳ [[Specialis:Diff/3571541/prev|comparatio recensionum 3571541 et priorem]] * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|[[Specialis:Diff/2793922/3571541|lorem ipsum]]}} *:: ↳ [[Specialis:Diff/2793922/3571541|lorem ipsum]] * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=next&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|[[Specialis:Diff/2793922/next|lorem ipsum]]}} *:: ↳ [[Specialis:Diff/2793922/next|lorem ipsum]] * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|[[Specialis:Diff/2793922/prev|lorem ipsum]]}} *:: ↳ [[Specialis:Diff/2793922/prev|lorem ipsum]] * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=prev|lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|[[Specialis:Diff/3571541/prev|lorem ipsum]]}} *:: ↳ [[Specialis:Diff/3571541/prev|lorem ipsum]] * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541|lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|[[Specialis:Diff/3571541/prev|lorem ipsum]]}} *:: ↳ [[Specialis:Diff/3571541/prev|lorem ipsum]] == De subformula adhibenda == <templatedata>{ "description": "Haec substitutio quiddam URL interpretando nexum ad paginam specialem “[[Specialis:Diff/.../...]]” scribit.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Inscriptio", "description": "Verba ostendenda", "example": "Sic exorsi sumus", "type": "string", "required": true }, "url": { "label": "URL", "description": "URL differenetiae", "example": "https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=529&oldid=528", "type": "string", "required": true } } }</templatedata> == Ulteriora si cupis == * {{Fn|Diff}} * {{Fsn|Diff/URL sponte subst specialis}} * {{Fn|Diff/translatrum}} * {{Fsn|Diff/URL subst}} * {{Fsn|Diff/URL subst difftantum}} == Synonyma == * {{fsn|diff/us}} * {{fsn|diff/url subst specialis}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae de paginis specialibus|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> dgenml6ejma5wz93uhlf95vx281hx2a 3957374 3957370 2026-04-28T05:59:32Z Grufo 64423 3957374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria|...}} {{Formula humana}} {{Lua|Modulus:Params}} {{Compendium substitutionis|diff/us}} Haec [[Vicipaedia:substitutio|substitutio]], quiddam [[URL]] interpretando, nexum ad paginam specialem “[[Specialis:Diff|Diff]]” scribit. == De usu == ; Syntaxis : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>'''subst:diff/us'''|url=''URL differentiae''|''[verba ostenta]''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> {{vsep}} ; Exempla: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=next&oldid=2793922}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=next&oldid=2793922|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=next&oldid=2793922|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&oldid=2793922}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&oldid=2793922|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&oldid=2793922|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=prev}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=prev|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=prev|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=next&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=next&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=next&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=prev|lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=prev|lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=prev|lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541|lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541|lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/us|url=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541|lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}} == De subformula adhibenda == <templatedata>{ "description": "Haec substitutio quiddam URL interpretando nexum ad paginam specialem “[[Specialis:Diff/.../...]]” scribit.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Inscriptio", "description": "Verba ostendenda", "example": "Sic exorsi sumus", "type": "string", "required": true }, "url": { "label": "URL", "description": "URL differenetiae", "example": "https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=529&oldid=528", "type": "string", "required": true } } }</templatedata> == Ulteriora si cupis == * {{Fn|Diff}} * {{Fsn|Diff/URL sponte subst specialis}} * {{Fn|Diff/translatrum}} * {{Fsn|Diff/URL subst}} * {{Fsn|Diff/URL subst difftantum}} == Synonyma == * {{fsn|diff/us}} * {{fsn|diff/url subst specialis}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae de paginis specialibus|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> f0zk6n7metnjkcb1k6ntpadi7ufufvf 10 311212 3957371 3815358 2026-04-28T05:47:24Z Grufo 64423 3957371 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />Diff/URL subst specialis|url={{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|non-sequential|setting|p|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}|list}}|{{{1|}}}}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}} eog6ryabxst3d2wdgl754l12lj4at3y 3957372 3957371 2026-04-28T05:51:56Z Grufo 64423 Formulam feci meliorem 3957372 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params| discarding|propositum| clearing| entering_substack| entering_substack|new| pulling|1| with_value_matching|^https?://| leaving_substack| with_name_matching|^https?://| detaching_substack| mixing_names_and_values|url|$#{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}$@| flushing| detaching_substack| renaming_by_replacing|1|url|strict| leaving_substack| squeezing| with_name_matching|1|strict| flushing| pulling|propositum| concat_and_call|Diff/URL subst specialis }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> notayshyoq3bwkiixi8ksg40ph0067r 10 311215 3957373 3815361 2026-04-28T05:56:41Z Grufo 64423 Documentationem redintegravi 3957373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria|...}} {{Formula humana}} {{Lua|Modulus:Params}} {{Compendium substitutionis|diff/uss}} Sicut [[Vicipaedia:Substitutio|substitutio]] {{Fsn|Diff/URL subst specialis}}, sed URL non est in parametro {{para|url}} scribendum, sed sponte invenietur. {{Nota bene}} Intra URL, formula aequalitatis (<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{=}}</syntaxhighlight>) '''non est''' in locum <code>=</code> substituenda. == De usu == ; Syntaxis 1 : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>subst:diff/uss|''URL differentiae''|''[verba ostenta]''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> ; Syntaxis 2 : <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>subst:diff/uss|''[verba ostenta]''|''URL differentiae''<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> {{vsep}} ; Exempla: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/uss|https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/uss|https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/uss|https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/uss|https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/uss|https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/uss|https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:diff/uss|1=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|2=lorem ipsum}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|{{diff/uss|1=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|2=lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}}}} *:: ↳ {{diff/uss|1=https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicipaedia%3APagina_prima&diff=3571541&oldid=2793922|2=lorem ipsum|propositum=exhibitio}} == Ulteriora si cupis == * {{Fn|Diff}} * {{Fsn|Diff/URL subst specialis}} * {{Fn|Diff/translatrum}} * {{Fsn|Diff/URL subst}} * {{Fsn|Diff/URL subst difftantum}} == Synonyma == * {{fsn|diff/uss}} * {{fsn|diff/url sponte subst specialis}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae de paginis specialibus|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> jtsu7eum4ru5kbx1lynkdv0ke74o55s 3 315042 3957294 3950379 2026-04-27T17:57:26Z MediaWiki message delivery 62628 /* Tech News: 2026-18 */ nova pars 3957294 wikitext text/x-wiki == Приглашение к участию в исследовании == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Здравствуйте! Фонд Викимедиа проводит опрос википедистов, чтобы лучше понять, что привлекает администраторов к участию в работе над Википедией и что влияет на удержание администраторов. Мы будем использовать это исследование для улучшения возможностей википедистов, решения распространенных проблем и удовлетворения потребностей. Мы определили Вас как подходящего кандидата для этого исследования и будем очень признательны за участие в этом '''[https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/728994?lang=ru анонимном опросе]'''. Для участия Вам не нужно быть администратором. Прохождение опроса должно занять около 10–15 минут. Вы можете прочитать больше об исследовании на его [[Special:MyLanguage/Research:Wikipedia Administrator Recruitment, Retention, and Attrition|странице Мета-вики]] и просмотреть его [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Administrator Experiences 2024 Survey Privacy Statement|заявление о конфиденциальности]]. Если у Вас есть вопросы или сомнения, обращайтесь к нам с использованием контактов на странице Мета-вики проекта. С уважением, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Исследовательская группа Фонда Викимедиа]] </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:BGerdemann (WMF)|BGerdemann (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BGerdemann (WMF)|disputatio]]) 16:44, 8 Novembris 2024 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=27720774 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 11 Novembris 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=27720774 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:44, 19 Novembris 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=27720774 --> == Enabling Dark mode for logged-out users in this Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not written in your native language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] will be enabling [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on your Wikipedia now that pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations! The plan to enable is made possible by the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who ensured that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody! For context, the Web team has concluded work on dark mode. If, on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month. If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create a page: <code>Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/xx.wikipedia.org</code> in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page. Thank you! On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 22:02, 21 Ianuarii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=27720774 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [[testwiki:Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation dashboard]] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:33, 13 Martii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=27720774 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:47, 13 Martii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=28382523 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:please-translate}}. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization team|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. Below is a breakdown of important information about the improvement. '''What are the improvements?'''<br> The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users can now access the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic). Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] '''Does this improvement change the current accessibility of this tool in this Wikipedia?'''<br> The Content translation tool will still be in beta; therefore, only logged-in users who activated the tool from the [[en:wikipedia:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] will continue to have access to the content translation tool. Also, if the tool is only available to a specific [[en:Wikipedia:User access levels|user group]], it will remain that way. '''When do we plan to implement this improvement?'''<br> We will implement it on your Wikipedia and others by 24th, March 2025. '''What happens to the former dashboard after we implement the improvement?'''<br> You can still access it in the tool for some time. We will remove it from all Wikipedias by May 2025, as maintaining it will no longer be productive. '''Where can I test this improvement and report any issues before it is implemented in this Wiki?''' <br> You can try the improved capabilities in the test wiki using this link: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ . If you notice an issue related to the improved dashboard in the test wiki, please let us know in this thread and ping me, or report it in [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/ Phabricator], adding these tags: <code>BUG REPORT</code> and <code>ContentTranslation</code>. Please ask us any questions regarding this improvement in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 03:55, 14 Martii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=28382523 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. Below is a breakdown of important information about the improvement. '''What are the improvements?'''<br> The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users can now access the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic). Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] '''Does this improvement change the current accessibility of this tool in this Wikipedia?'''<br> The Content translation tool will still be in beta; therefore, only logged-in users who activated the tool from the [[en:wikipedia:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] will continue to have access to the content translation tool. Also, if the tool is only available to a specific [[en:Wikipedia:User access levels|user group]], it will remain that way. '''When do we plan to implement this improvement?'''<br> We will implement it on your Wikipedia and others by 24th, March 2025. '''What happens to the former dashboard after we implement the improvement?'''<br> You can still access it in the tool for some time. We will remove it from all Wikipedias by May 2025, as maintaining it will no longer be productive. '''Where can I test this improvement and report any issues before it is implemented in this Wiki?''' <br> You can try the improved capabilities in the test wiki using this link: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ . If you notice an issue related to the improved dashboard in the test wiki, please let us know in this thread and ping me, or report it in [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/ Phabricator], adding these tags: <code>BUG REPORT</code> and <code>ContentTranslation</code>. Please ask us any questions regarding this improvement in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 04:15, 14 Martii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=28382523 --> == Enabling Dark mode for logged-out users in this Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies, as this message is not written in your native language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] will be enabling [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on your Wikipedia by 15th May 2025 now that pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations! The plan to enable is made possible by the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who ensured that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody! For context, the Web team has concluded work on dark mode. If, on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month. If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create a page: <code>Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/xx.wikipedia.org</code> in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page. Thank you! On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 23:49, 6 Maii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=28382523 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:59, 14 Iulii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=28382523 --> == Get started with the Lua interface to simplify preparation of modules for translation of modules in MetaWiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Greetings! The [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has developed a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message_Bundles/Lua_reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation in the MetaWiki platform. This means that module developers can now use the new Lua interface to load translatable strings, and the translators can translate them in the same translation interface that is used for templates and wiki pages. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. We invite you to [[commons:File:Translatable_modules_video_demo_July_2025.webm|'''watch our demo video''']] '''and read more about''' [[mw:Translatable_modules|'''translatable modules''']] to understand how it works. '''Please give us your feedback on''' [[mw:Talk:Translatable_modules|'''this talk page''']] on how well the Lua interface addresses the challenges in your workflow and how useful it is in module localization tasks. You can also look at [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]]. which was recently converted to utilize these messages, for example usage. Your feedback is important as it will help us evaluate and decide how to continue developing and improving this interface, extend it to other wikis, or change our approach. Thank you, and we anticipate your honest feedback. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 06:13, 28 Iulii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=28382523 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:29, 1 Septembris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 1 Septembris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:39, 22 Septembris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:35, 29 Septembris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == Upcoming Dark Mode user interface rollout for anonymous Wikimedia sites users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikimedians, Apologies if this message is not in your language. {{int:please-translate}}. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will launch the Dark mode feature for anonymous users on all Wikimedia sites, including yours, on October 29, 2025. [[:en:Special:MyLanguage/Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark mode]] is an option that allows users to view pages in light-coloured text, and icons on a dark background. Once it is available for anonymous users, they can enable it when using various devices. More information on ways to enable it can be found on [[:en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Dark mode#Options for anyone|this page]]. Given many pages are still not compatible with dark mode this will be an opt-in feature and not automatically apply to pages. Dark mode requires modifications to content pages and templates, and since our initial launch [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/dark-modes-bright-future-how-dark-mode-will-transform-wikipedias-accessibility/|in July 2024], we have been working with communities and helping them prepare for dark mode. Before the rollout, it is essential that template authors and technical contributors test dark mode and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|this page]] to learn how to make pages Dark mode-ready and address any compatibility issues found in templates. We will fix most color compatibility issues only on the most-viewed pages on projects with over 5 million monthly page views. Technical contributors with an account should opt into dark mode currently using preferences or settings and test pages and seek help before the release to ensure everything complies before the enablement. If you have any questions or need help, please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|contact the Reader Experience team]] for support. Thank you! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 01:24, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Apps newsletter – Third quarter of 2025</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content"/> In this edition, we’ll walk you through the major updates, experiments, and improvements that took place in the Wikipedia mobile apps during July, August, and September. === iOS === ==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing]] ==== * In July, we released the first iteration of Tabbed Browsing to all users. * Our 30-day A/B test showed mixed but promising results: while logged-out user retention gains were modest compared to Android, survey feedback was overwhelmingly positive (93% rated the feature “Neutral to Very Satisfactory”). * We continued improvements throughout August and September, including a design review for “More Dynamic Tabs,” a new tab controller, and bug fixes such as inconsistent tab sizing on iPad mini and tooltip issues. ==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review |Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review]] ==== * Work continued on Year in Review upgrades, with spikes exploring features such as sharing entire reviews, custom app icons, and showing which geographies users read about the most. * We also began preparing overall app data to share richer collective insights. ==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh/Updates|Navigation Refresh]] ==== *We improved code behind the History tab and recent searches to prepare for future navigational changes. ==== Other iOS Updates ==== *Released several app versions (7.8.1 through 7.8.3), with smoke tests completed. *Resolved numerous bugs including crashes (tooltips, gestures, search), iPad layout issues, and visual problems with captions, Quick Facts, and images in Dark Mode. *Added a new REST endpoint for remote configuration and upgraded fundraising configurations to support A/B testing. *Verified continued compatibility with multi-factor authentication (MFA). === Android === ==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Customizable Donation Reminder Experiment|Customizable Donation Reminder Experiment]] ==== *In August, we launched the Customizable Donation Reminder experiment in Italy. The reminder will allow users to decide if they want to be reminded to donate, and how often. ==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity Tab Experiment]] ==== * By September, we finalized core modules, onboarding, instrumentation, and validation tasks needed for the A/B test of the new Activity Tab against the Edit Tab. * This marks a major step toward testing whether an Activity space can improve multi-day engagement and retention. ==== Bug Fixes & Improvements ==== *Fixed crashes with image gallery long-press, saved article syncing for Chinese, edit previews, and special links. *Addressed rendering and Dark Mode issues affecting math tags, GIFs, and citation numbers. ==== Other Android Updates ==== *We released a new beta and conducted multiple regression tests to ensure stability. *We added a general-purpose remote configuration REST endpoint, aligned with iOS. *Continued technical debt cleanup, including removing allowMainThreadQueries and adding suspend to DAO functions. *Upgraded fundraising configuration to support A/B testing. ==== Cross-Platform ==== *Both apps upgraded fundraising A/B test support and created a shared remote configuration REST endpoint. *We began tracking Account Vanish events on iOS and Android for privacy features. ==== Looking Ahead ==== This quarter marked a big step forward on Tabbed Browsing, Activity Tab, and Year in Review — three projects aimed at making Wikipedia more personal, navigable, and engaging. We also advanced donation experiments and backend improvements to support future flexibility. Make sure you’re [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Apps updates|subscribed to this newsletter]] to stay in the loop — and thank you for being part of the journey! <section end="content"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:ARamadan-WMF|ARamadan-WMF]]</bdi> 02:07, 14 Octobris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:24, 10 Novembris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:04, 26 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:40, 23 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:57, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> dagewkzmiwqt9syk6wemtebgd2158ul 0 316446 3957303 3921850 2026-04-27T19:23:17Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2025|3}} [[Fasciculus:Sean Baker and Samantha Quan.jpg|thumb|Recentissimi victores (''[[Anora]]''): [[Ioannes Baker]] et [[Samantha Quan]].]] '''Praemium Academiae Pelliculae Optimae''' ([[Anglice]] ''Academy Award for Best Picture'') est principale praemium ab [[Academia Artium et Scientiarum Cinematographicarum]] concessum, usitate finalis caerimoniae effectum, post categorias dispositoris, actoris, et actricis optimorum.<ref>[https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2021/04/were-the-2021-oscars-actually-kind-of-perfect-in-a-weird-robert-altman-ish-way Res.]</ref><ref>[https://www.indiewire.com/feature/oscars-best-picture-winners-ranked-1201902864/ Res.]</ref> Hoc praemium procuratoribus pelliculae datum est.<ref>[https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/2024-06/97_general_entry_faq.pdf?VersionId=PQN7POlIe1rIAUYmqhTW.82OyACcPkBA Res.]</ref> Ad 2009, categoria ab quinque nominatis ad decem expanda est, sed unico in 2021, numerus ut obligatorius confirmatus est.<ref>https://deadline.com/2021/06/oscars-changes-rules-ten-best-picture-nominees-1234784121/</ref> Ante 1944, numerus nominatorum suus per annos variaverant, tamquamque duodecim nominata sunt.<ref>In 1934 et 1935</ref> In totali, sescenta et undecim nominatis, et nonaginta et septem victores habuerunt. == Historia == Hoc praemium, cum nomine in [[Lingua Anglica|anglice]] ''Academy Award for Outstanding Picture'', simul undecim aliae categoriae, in primae caerimonia [[Praemium Oscar|Praemiae Academiae]] praesentatae sunt. Sed haec categoria sola non fuit ut daret ad excellentiam in pellicula, ''Academy Award for Unique and Artistic Picture'' ad [[Sunrise]] redditum est. Academia haec categoriam removere decrevit. Itaque, praemium cui [[Wings]] vicit (quid nunc Pellicula Optima praemium) factum unicum excelsissimum praemium ab Academia datum est.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20250418075341/https://time.com/5362713/academy-awards-new-film-category-history/</ref> In 1930, praemium ad ''Academy Award for Outstanding Production'' renominatum est. Iterumque ad ''Academy Award for Outstanding Motion Picture'' in 1941. Ad ''Academy Award for Best Motion Picture'' anno 1944 secutum est. Tandem, in anno 1962, ad ''Academy Award for Best Picture'', nomen hodiernum.<ref>https://archive.today/20120701144137/http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/</ref> == Victores et nominatis == '''(‡)''' victores indicat {| class="wikitable" |+''Academy Award for Outstanding Picture'' !Annus<ref>Annus Americanis emissionem pellicularum indicat.</ref> !Pellicula |- ! rowspan="3" |1927/1928 |'''‡''' '''''[[Wings]]''''' |- |''7th Heaven'' |- |''The Racket'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1928/1929 |'''‡''' ''[[The Broadway Melody|'''The Broadway Melody''']]'' |- |''Alibi'' |- |''The Hollywood Revue'' |- |''In Old Arizona'' |- |''The Patriot'' |} {| class="wikitable" |+''Academy Award for Outstanding Production'' !Annus !Pellicula |- ! rowspan="5" |1929/1930 |'''‡''' [[All Quiet on the Western Front|'''''All Quiet on the Western Front''''']] |- |''The Big House'' |- |''Disraeli'' |- |''The Divorcee'' |- |''The Love Parade'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1930/1931 |'''‡''' '''''[[Cimarron]]''''' |- |''East Lynne'' |- |''The Front Page'' |- |''Skippy'' |- |''Trader Horn'' |- ! rowspan="8" |1931/1932 |'''‡''' [[Grand Hotel|'''''Grand Hotel''''']] |- |''Arrowsmith'' |- |''Bad Girl'' |- |''The Champ'' |- |''Five Star Final'' |- |''One Hour with You'' |- |''Shanghai Express'' |- |''The Smiling Lieutenant'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1932/1933 |'''‡ ''[[Cavalcade]]''''' |- |''42nd Street'' |- |''A Farewell to Arms'' |- |''I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang'' |- |''Lady for a Day'' |- |''Little Women'' |- |''The Private Life of Henry VIII'' |- |''She Done Him Wrong'' |- |''Smilin' Through'' |- |''State Fair'' |- ! rowspan="12" |1934 |'''‡ ''[[It Happened One Night]]''''' |- |[[The Barretts of Wimpole Street|''The Barretts of Wimpole Street'']] |- |''Cleopatra'' |- |''Flirtation Walk'' |- |''The Gay Divorcee'' |- |''Here Comes the Navy'' |- |''The House of Rothschild'' |- |''Imitation of Life'' |- |''One Night of Love'' |- |''The Thin Man'' |- |''Viva Villa!'' |- |''The White Parade'' |- ! rowspan="12" |1935 |'''‡ [[Mutiny on the Bounty (pellicula 1935)|''Mutiny on the Bounty'']]''' |- |''Alice Adams'' |- |''Broadway Melody of 1936'' |- |''Captain Blood'' |- |''David Copperfield'' |- |''The Informer'' |- |''The Lives of a Bengal Lancer'' |- |''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' |- |''Les Misérables'' |- |''Naughty Marietta'' |- |''Ruggles of Red Gap'' |- |''Top Hat'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1936 |'''‡ ''[[The Great Ziegfeld]]''''' |- |''Anthony Adverse'' |- |''Dodsworth'' |- |''Libeled Lady'' |- |''Mr. Deeds Goes to Town'' |- |''Romeo and Juliet'' |- |''San Francisco'' |- |''The Story of Louis Pasteur'' |- |''A Tale of Two Cities'' |- |''Three Smart Girls'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1937 |'''‡ ''[[The Life of Emile Zola]]''''' |- |''The Awful Truth'' |- |''Captain Courageous'' |- |''Dead End'' |- |''The Good Earth'' |- |''In Old Chicago'' |- |''Lost Horizon'' |- |''One Hundred Men and a Girl'' |- |''Stage Door'' |- |''A Star is Born'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1938 |'''‡ ''[[You Can't Take It with You]]''''' |- |''The Adventures of Robin Hood'' |- |''Alexander's Ragtime Band'' |- |''Boys Town'' |- |''The Citadel'' |- |''Four Daughters'' |- |''Grand Illusion'' |- |''Jezebel'' |- |''Pygma'' |- |''Test Pilot'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1939 |'''‡ [[Gone with the Wind (pellicula)|''Gone with the Wind'']]''' |- |''Dark Victory'' |- |''Goodbye, Mr. Chips'' |- |''Love Affair'' |- |''Mr. Smith goes to Washington'' |- |''Ninotchka'' |- |''Of Mice and Men'' |- |''Stagecoach'' |- |''The Wizard of Oz'' |- |''Wuthering Heights'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1940 |'''‡ ''[[Rebecca (pellicula)|Rebecca]]''''' |- |''All This, and Heaven Too'' |- |''Foreign Correspondent'' |- |''The Grapes of Wrath'' |- |''[[The Great Dictator]]'' |- |''Kitty Foyle'' |- |''The Letter'' |- |''The Long Voyage Home'' |- |''Our Town'' |- |''The Philadelphia Story'' |} {| class="wikitable" |+''Academy Award for Outstanding Motion Picture'' !Annus !Pellicula |- ! rowspan="10" |1941 |'''‡ ''[[How Green Was My Valley]]''''' |- |''Blossoms in the Dust'' |- |[[Citizen Kane|''Citizen Kane'']] |- |''Here Comes Mr. Jordan'' |- |''Hold Back the Dawn'' |- |''The Little Foxes'' |- |''The Maltese Falcon'' |- |''One Foot in Heaven'' |- |''Sergeant York'' |- |''Suspicion'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1942 |'''‡ [[Mrs. Miniver|''Mrs. Miniver'']]''' |- |''49th Parallel'' |- |''Kings Row'' |- |''The Magnificent Ambersons'' |- |''The Pied Piper'' |- |''The Pride of the Yankees'' |- |''The Random Harvest'' |- |''The Talk of the Town'' |- |''Wake Island'' |- |''Yankee Doodle Dandy'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1943 |'''‡ [[Casablanca (pellicula)|''Casablanca'']]''' |- |''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls (pellicula)|For Whom the Bell Tolls]]'' |- |''Heaven Can Wait'' |- |''The Human Comedy'' |- |''In Which We Serve'' |- |''Madame Curie'' |- |''The More the Merrier'' |- |''The Ox-Bow Incident'' |- |''The Song of Bernadette'' |- |''Watch on the Rhine'' |} {| class="wikitable" |+''Academy Award for Best Motion Picture'' !Annus !Pellicula |- ! rowspan="5" |1944 |'''‡ ''[[Going My Way]]''''' |- |''Double Indemnity'' |- |[[Gaslight (pellicula 1944)|''Gaslight'']] |- |''Since You Went Away'' |- |''Wilson'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1945 |'''‡ ''[[The Lost Weekend]]''''' |- |''Anchors Aweigh'' |- |''The Bells of St. Mary's'' |- |''Mildred Pierce'' |- |''Spellbound'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1946 |'''‡ ''[[The Best Years of Our Lives]]''''' |- |''Henry V'' |- |It's a Wonderful Life |- |''The Razor's Edge'' |- |''The Yearling'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1947 |'''‡ ''[[Gentleman's Agreement]]''''' |- |''The Bishop's Wife'' |- |Crossfire |- |''Great Expectations'' |- |''Miracle on 34th Street'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1948 |'''‡ ''[[Hamlet (pellicula)|Hamlet]]''''' |- |''Johnny Belinda'' |- |''The Red Shoes'' |- |''The Snake Pit'' |- |''The Treasure of the Sierra Madre'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1949 |'''‡ ''[[All the King's Men]]''''' |- |''Battleground'' |- |''The Heiress'' |- |''A Letter to Three Wives'' |- |''Twelve O'Clock High'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1950 |'''‡ ''[[All About Eve]]''''' |- |''Born Yesterday'' |- |''Father of the Bride'' |- |''King Solomon's Mines'' |- |''Sunset Boulevard'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1951 |'''‡ ''[[An American in Paris]]''''' |- |''Decision Before Dawn'' |- |''[[A Place in the Sun]]'' |- |''[[Quo vadis (pellicula anni 1951)|Quo Vadis]]'' |- |''[[A Streetcar Named Desire (pellicula)|A Streetcar Named Desire]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1952 |'''‡ ''[[The Greatest Show on Earth]]''''' |- |''[[High Noon]]'' |- |''[[Ivanhoe (1952 pellicula)|Ivanhoe]]'' |- |''Moulin Rouge'' |- |''The Quiet Man'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1953 |'''‡ ''[[From Here to Eternity]]''''' |- |''Julius Caesar'' |- |''The Robe'' |- |''[[Roman Holiday]]'' |- |''Shane'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1954 |'''‡ ''[[On the Waterfront]]''''' |- |''The Caine Mutiny'' |- |''The Country Girl'' |- |''[[Seven Brides for Seven Brothers]]'' |- |''Three Coins in the Fountain'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1955 |'''‡ ''[[Marty (pellicula)|Marty]]''''' |- |''[[Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing]]'' |- |''Mister Roberts'' |- |''Picnic'' |- |''The Rose Tattoo'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1956 |'''‡ ''[[Around the World in 80 Days]]''''' |- |''Friendly Persuasion'' |- |''Giant'' |- |''The King and I'' |- |''[[The Ten Commandments (1956 pellicula)|The Ten Commandments]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1957 |'''‡ ''[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]''''' |- |''[[12 Angry Men]]'' |- |''Peyton Place'' |- |''Sayonara'' |- |''[[Witness for the Prosecution (pellicula 1957)|Witness for the Prosecution]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1958 |'''‡ ''[[Gigi (pellicula)|Gigi]]''''' |- |''Auntie Mame'' |- |''[[Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (pellicula)|Cat on a Hot Tin Roof]]'' |- |''The Defiant Ones'' |- |''Separate Tables'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1959 |'''‡ ''[[Ben-Hur]]''''' |- |''Anatomy of a Murder'' |- |''The Diary of Anne Frank'' |- |''The Nun's Story'' |- |''Room at the Top'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1960 |'''‡ ''[[The Apartment]]''''' |- |''The Alamo'' |- |''Elmer Gantry'' |- |''Sons and Lovers'' |- |''The Sundowners'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1961 |'''‡ ''[[West Side Story]]''''' |- |''Fanny'' |- |''[[The Guns of Navarone]]'' |- |''The Hustler'' |- |''Judgment at Nuremberg'' |} {| class="wikitable" |+''Academy Award for Best Picture'' !Annus !Pellicula |- ! rowspan="5" |1962 |'''‡ ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (pellicula)|Lawrence of Arabia]]''''' |- |''[[The Longest Day (pellicula)|The Longest Day]]'' |- |''The Music Man'' |- |''Mutiny on the Bounty'' |- |''[[To Kill a Mockingbird (pellicula)|To Kill a Mockingbird]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1963 |'''‡ ''[[Tom Jones]]''''' |- |''America America'' |- |''[[Cleopatra (pellicula)|Cleopatra]]'' |- |''How the West Was Won'' |- |''[[Lilies of the Field]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1964 |'''‡ ''[[My Fair Lady (pellicula)|My Fair Lady]]''''' |- |''Becket'' |- |''Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb'' |- |''Mary Poppins'' |- |''Zorba the Greek'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1965 |'''‡ ''[[The Sound of Music (pellicula)|The Sound of Music]]''''' |- |''Darling'' |- |''[[Doctor Zhivago (pellicula)|Doctor Zhivago]]'' |- |''Ship of Fools'' |- |''A Thousand Clowns'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1966 |'''‡ ''[[A Man for All Seasons]]''''' |- |''Alfie'' |- |''The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming'' |- |''The Sand Pebbles'' |- |''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (pellicula)|Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1967 |'''‡ ''[[In the Heat of the Night]]''''' |- |''Bonnie and Clyde'' |- |''Doctor Dolittle'' |- |''[[The Graduate]]'' |- |''[[Guess Who's Coming to Dinner]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1968 |'''‡ ''[[Oliver!]]''''' |- |''Funny Girl'' |- |''[[The Lion in Winter]]'' |- |''Rachel, Rachel'' |- |''Romeo and Juliet'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1969 |'''‡ ''[[Midnight Cowboy]]''''' |- |''[[Anne of the Thousand Days]]'' |- |''Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid'' |- |''Hello, Dolly!'' |- |''Z'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1970 |'''‡ ''[[Patton]]''''' |- |''Airport'' |- |''Five Easy Pieces'' |- |''[[Love Story]]'' |- |''M*A*S*H'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1971 |'''‡ ''[[The French Connection]]''''' |- |''[[A Clockwork Orange (pellicula)|A Clockwork Orange]]'' |- |''[[Fiddler on the Roof (pellicula)|Fiddler on the Roof]]'' |- |''The Last Picture Show'' |- |''Nicholas and Alexandra'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1972 |'''‡ ''[[The Godfather (pellicula)|The Godfather]]''''' |- |''Cabaret'' |- |''Deliverance'' |- |''The Emigrants'' |- |''Sounder'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1973 |'''‡ ''[[The Sting]]''''' |- |''American Graffiti'' |- |''Cries and Whispers'' |- |''The Exorcist'' |- |''A Touch of Class'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1974 |'''‡ ''[[The Godfather Part II]]''''' |- |''Chinatown'' |- |''The Conversation'' |- |''Lenny'' |- |''[[The Towering Inferno]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1975 |'''‡ ''[[One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest (pellicula)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]''''' |- |''Barry Lyndon'' |- |''Dog Day Afternoon'' |- |''[[Jaws (pellicula)|Jaws]]'' |- |''Nashville'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1976 |'''‡ ''[[Rocky (pellicula)|Rocky]]''''' |- |''[[All the President's Men]]'' |- |''Bound for Glory'' |- |''Network'' |- |''[[Taxi Driver]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1977 |'''‡ ''[[Annie Hall]]''''' |- |''The Goodbye Girl'' |- |''Julia'' |- |''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope|Star Wars]]'' |- |''The Turning Point'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1978 |'''‡ ''[[The Deer Hunter]]''''' |- |''Coming Home'' |- |''Heaven Can Wait'' |- |''Midnight Express'' |- |''An Unmarried Woman'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1979 |'''‡ ''[[Kramer vs. Kramer]]''''' |- |''All That Jazz'' |- |''[[Apocalypse Now]]'' |- |''Breaking Away'' |- |''Norma Rae'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1980 |'''‡ ''[[Ordinary People]]''''' |- |''Coal Miner's Daughter'' |- |''[[The Elephant Man (pellicula)|The Elephant Man]]'' |- |''[[Raging Bull]]'' |- |''Tess'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1981 |'''‡ ''[[Chariots of Fire]]''''' |- |''Atlantic City'' |- |''On Golden Pond'' |- |''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' |- |''Reds'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1982 |'''‡ ''[[Gandhi (pellicula)|Gandhi]]''''' |- |''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' |- |''Missing'' |- |''[[Tootsie]]'' |- |''The Verdict'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1983 |'''‡ ''[[Terms of Endearment]]''''' |- |''The Big Chill'' |- |''The Dresser'' |- |''The Right Stuff'' |- |''Tender Mercies'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1984 |'''‡ ''[[Amadeus (pellicula)|Amadeus]]''''' |- |''[[The Killing Fields]]'' |- |''A Passage to India'' |- |''Places in the Heart'' |- |''A Soldier's Story'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1985 |'''‡ ''[[Out of Africa]]''''' |- |''[[The Color Purple (pellicula)|The Color Purple]]'' |- |''Kiss of the Spider Woman'' |- |''Prizzi's Honor'' |- |''[[Witness]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1986 |'''‡ ''[[Platoon]]''''' |- |''[[Children of a Lesser God]]'' |- |''[[Hannah and Her Sisters]]'' |- |''[[The Mission]]'' |- |''[[A Room with a View (pellicula)|A Room with a View]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1987 |'''‡ ''[[The Last Emperor]]''''' |- |''Broadcast News'' |- |''Fatal Attraction'' |- |''Hope and Glory'' |- |''Moonstruck'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1988 |'''‡ ''[[Rain Man]]''''' |- |''The Accidental Tourist'' |- |''Dangerous Liaisons'' |- |''Mississippi Burning'' |- |''Working Girl'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1989 |'''‡ ''[[Driving Miss Daisy]]''''' |- |''Born on the Fourth of July'' |- |''[[Dead Poets Society]]'' |- |''Field of Dreams'' |- |''My Left Foot'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1990 |'''‡ ''[[Dances with Wolves]]''''' |- |''Awakenings'' |- |''[[Ghost]]'' |- |''The Godfather Part III'' |- |''Goodfellas'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1991 |'''‡ ''[[The Silence of the Lambs]]''''' |- |''[[Beauty and the Beast (pellicula 1991)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' |- |''Bugsy'' |- |''[[JFK (pellicula)|JFK]]'' |- |''The Prince of Tides'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1992 |'''‡ ''[[Unforgiven]]''''' |- |''The Crying Game'' |- |''A Few Good Men'' |- |''Howards End'' |- |''Scent of a Woman'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1993 |'''‡ ''[[Schindler's List]]''''' |- |''The Fugitive'' |- |''In the Name of the Father'' |- |''[[The Piano]]'' |- |''The Remains of the Day'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1994 |'''‡ ''[[Forrest Gump]]''''' |- |''[[Four Weddings and a Funeral]]'' |- |''Pulp Fiction'' |- |''Quiz Show'' |- |''The Shawshank Redemption'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1995 |'''‡ ''[[Braveheart]]''''' |- |''Apollo 13'' |- |''[[Babe (pellicula)|Babe]]'' |- |''The Postman (Il Postino)'' |- |''Sense and Sensibility'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1996 |'''‡ ''[[The English Patient]]''''' |- |''Fargo'' |- |''Jerry Maguire'' |- |''Secrets & Lies'' |- |''Shine'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1997 |'''‡ ''[[Titanic (pellicula 1997)|Titanic]]''''' |- |''[[As Good As It Gets|As Good as It Gets]]'' |- |''[[The Full Monty]]'' |- |''Good Will Hunting'' |- |''L.A. Confidential'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1998 |'''‡ ''[[Shakespeare in Love]]''''' |- |''Elizabeth'' |- |''Life Is Beautiful'' |- |''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' |- |''The Thin Red Line'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1999 |'''‡ ''[[American Beauty]]''''' |- |''The Cider House Rules'' |- |''The Green Mile'' |- |''The Insider'' |- |''[[The Sixth Sense]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2000 |'''‡ ''[[Gladiator (pellicula)|Gladiator]]''''' |- |''Chocolat'' |- |''Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon'' |- |''[[Erin Brockovich (pellicula)|Erin Brockovich]]'' |- |''Traffic'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2001 |'''‡ ''[[A Beautiful Mind (pellicula)|A Beautiful Mind]]''''' |- |''Gosford Park'' |- |''In the Bedroom'' |- |''[[The Lord of the Rings (series pellicularum)|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' |- |''Moulin Rouge!'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2002 |'''‡ ''[[Chicago (pellicula)|Chicago]]''''' |- |''Gangs of New York'' |- |''The Hours'' |- |''[[The Lord of the Rings (series pellicularum)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' |- |''[[The Pianist (pellicula)|The Pianist]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2003 |'''‡ ''[[The Lord of the Rings (series pellicularum)|The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''''' |- |''Lost in Translation'' |- |''Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World'' |- |''Mystic River'' |- |''Seabiscuit'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2004 |'''‡ ''[[Million Dollar Baby]]''''' |- |''The Aviator'' |- |''[[Finding Neverland]]'' |- |''Ray'' |- |''[[Sideways]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2005 |'''‡ ''[[Crash]]''''' |- |''[[Brokeback Mountain]]'' |- |''Capote'' |- |''Good Night, and Good Luck'' |- |''[[Munich (pellicula)|Munich]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2006 |'''''‡ [[The Departed (pellicula 2006)|The Departed]]''''' |- |''Babel'' |- |''Letters from Iwo Jima'' |- |''[[Little Miss Sunshine]]'' |- |''[[The Queen (pellicula)|The Queen]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2007 |'''''‡ [[No Country for Old Men]]''''' |- |''Atonement'' |- |''Juno'' |- |''Michael Clayton'' |- |''There Will Be Blood'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2008 |'''‡ ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''''' |- |''The Curious Case of Benjamin Button'' |- |''[[Frost/Nixon]]'' |- |''Milk'' |- |''The Reader'' |- ! rowspan="10" |2009 |'''‡ ''[[The Hurt Locker]]''''' |- |''[[Avatar (pellicula)|Avatar]]'' |- |''The Blind Side'' |- |''[[District 9 (pellicula)|District 9]]'' |- |''An Education'' |- |''Inglourious Basterds'' |- |''Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire'' |- |''A Serious Man'' |- |''Up'' |- |''Up in the Air'' |- ! rowspan="10" |2010 |'''‡ ''[[The King’s Speech|The King's Speech]]''''' |- |''[[Black Swan]]'' |- |''[[The Fighter (pellicula)|The Fighter]]'' |- |''[[Inception]]'' |- |''The Kids Are All Right'' |- |''127 Hours'' |- |''[[The Social Network]]'' |- |''[[Toy Story 3]]'' |- |''True Grit'' |- |''Winter's Bone'' |- ! rowspan="9" |2011 |'''‡ ''[[The Artist]]''''' |- |''The Descendants'' |- |''Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close'' |- |''The Help'' |- |''Hugo'' |- |''[[Midnight in Paris]]'' |- |''Moneyball'' |- |''The Tree of Life'' |- |''War Horse'' |- ! rowspan="9" |2012 |'''‡ ''[[Argo]]''''' |- |''Amour'' |- |''Beasts of the Southern Wild'' |- |''Django Unchained'' |- |''Life of Pi'' |- |''Lincoln'' |- |''Les Misérables'' |- |''Silver Linings Playbook'' |- |''Zero Dark Thirty'' |- ! rowspan="9" |2013 |'''‡ ''[[12 Years a Slave]]''''' |- |''American Hustle'' |- |''Captain Phillips'' |- |''Dallas Buyers Club'' |- |''Gravity'' |- |''Her'' |- |''Nebraska'' |- |''Philomena'' |- |''[[The Wolf of Wall Street (pellicula 2013)|The Wolf of Wall Street]]'' |- ! rowspan="8" |2014 |'''‡ ''[[Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)]]''''' |- |''American Sniper'' |- |''[[Boyhood]]'' |- |''[[The Grand Budapest Hotel]]'' |- |''The Imitation Game'' |- |''Selma'' |- |''The Theory of Everything'' |- |''Whiplash'' |- ! rowspan="8" |2015 |'''‡ ''[[Spotlight]]''''' |- |''The Big Short'' |- |''Bridge of Spies'' |- |''Brooklyn'' |- |''Mad Max: Fury Road'' |- |''The Martian'' |- |''The Revenant'' |- |''Room'' |- ! rowspan="9" |2016 |'''‡ ''[[Moonlight]]''''' |- |''Arrival'' |- |''Fences'' |- |''Hacksaw Ridge'' |- |''Hell or High Water'' |- |''Hidden Figures'' |- |''La La Land'' |- |''Lion'' |- |''Manchester by the Sea'' |- ! rowspan="9" |2017 |'''‡ ''[[The Shape of Water]]''''' |- |''Call Me by Your Name'' |- |''Darkest Hour'' |- |''Dunkirk'' |- |''Get Out'' |- |''Lady Bird'' |- |''Phantom Thread'' |- |''The Post'' |- |''Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri'' |- ! rowspan="8" |2018 |'''‡ ''[[Green Book]]''''' |- |''[[Black Panther]]'' |- |''BlacKkKlansman'' |- |''Bohemian Rhapsody'' |- |''The Favourite'' |- |''Roma'' |- |''A Star Is Born'' |- |''Vice'' |- ! rowspan="9" |2019 |'''‡ ''[[Parasite]]''''' |- |''Ford v Ferrari'' |- |''The Irishman'' |- |''Jojo Rabbit'' |- |''[[Joker (pellicula 2019)|Joker]]'' |- |''Little Women'' |- |''Marriage Story'' |- |''1917'' |- |''Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'' |- ! rowspan="8" |2020 |'''‡ ''[[Nomadland]]''''' |- |''The Father'' |- |''Judas and the Black Messiah'' |- |''Mank'' |- |''Minari'' |- |''Promising Young Woman'' |- |''Sound of Metal'' |- |''The Trial of the Chicago 7'' |- ! rowspan="10" |2021 |'''‡ ''[[CODA]]''''' |- |''Belfast'' |- |''Don't Look Up'' |- |''Drive My Car'' |- |''Dune'' |- |''King Richard'' |- |''Licorice Pizza'' |- |''Nightmare Alley'' |- |''The Power of the Dog'' |- |''West Side Story'' |- ! rowspan="10" |2022 |'''‡ ''[[Everything Everywhere All at Once]]''''' |- |''All Quiet on the Western Front'' |- |''Avatar: The Way of Water'' |- |''The Banshees of Inisherin'' |- |''Elvis'' |- |''The Fabelmans'' |- |''Tár'' |- |''Top Gun: Maverick'' |- |''Triangle of Sadness'' |- |''Women Talking'' |- ! rowspan="10" |2023 |'''‡ ''[[Oppenheimer (pellicula 2023)|Oppenheimer]]''''' |- |''American Fiction'' |- |''Anatomy of a Fall'' |- |''Barbie'' |- |''The Holdovers'' |- |''Killers of the Flower Moon'' |- |''Maestro'' |- |''Past Lives'' |- |''[[Poor Things (pellicula 2023)|Poor Things]]'' |- |''[[The Zone of Interest (pellicula 2023)|The Zone of Interest]]'' |- ! rowspan="10" |2024 |'''‡ ''[[Anora]]''''' |- |''The Brutalist'' |- |''A Complete Unknown'' |- |''Conclave'' |- |''Dune: Part Two'' |- |''Emilia Pérez'' |- |''I'm Still Here'' |- |''Nickel Boys'' |- |''The Substance'' |- |''Wicked'' |} ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus interni== * [[Praemia Academiae]] * [[Cinematographia]] ==Nexus externae== * [https://www.oscars.org| Situs electronicus Praemiorum Academiae]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2025| Situs electronicus Praemiorum Academiae cum victoribus et nominatoribus]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Categoria:Cinematographia]] [[Categoria:Praemia]] n6h33ideq8g08vka8zd78nbbmvcv5je 0 320173 3957383 3911195 2026-04-28T07:53:02Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3957383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Rentius Francalanci''' (natus ''Renzo Francalanci'' [[Pratum (Italia)|Prati]] in [[Tuscania]] die [[25 Aprilis]] [[1935]]; mortuus [[Iolum|Ioli]] (in vico Prati) die [[2 Martii]] [[2021]]) fuit [[sacerdos]] qui quadraginta annos rector [[Sanctuarium Nostrae Dominae Lilii (Pratum)|sanctuarii Nostrae Dominae Lilii]] fuit.<ref>[https://www.quinewsvalbisenzio.it/prato-morto-don-renzo-francalanci-pistoia.htm Addio a don Renzo, 40 anni nel segno di Maria].</ref> ==Vita== Rentius Francalanci, anno 1935 natus, in [[seminarium|seminariis]] Prati et [[Pistorium|Pistorii]] eruditus, [[presbyter]] anno [[1957]] ordinatus est. Parochus in aliquot paroechiis fuit, et annis 90 [[archimandrita]] [[Ecclesia Graeco-Melchita Catholica|ecclesiae Graeco-Melchitae Catholicae]] consecratus est. Obiit Prati anno [[2021]].<ref>[http://met.provincia.fi.it/news.aspx?n=329444 Addio a don Renzo Francalanci, per 40 anni rettore di Santa Maria del Giglio].</ref><ref>[https://www.lanazione.it/prato/cronaca/morto-don-francalanci-c3265371 E' morto don Renzo Francalanci, storico rettore del santuario del Giglio].</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251211083957/https://www.linealibera.it/diocesi-in-lutto-e-morto-don-renzo-francalanci/ diocesi in lutto. <small>È MORTO DON RENZO FRANCALANCI</small>].</ref> == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externus == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221102819/http://www.diocesiprato.it/pagina_template.asp?id=35 Sanctuarium Lilii in pagina dioeceseos Prati] {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1935|2021|Francalanci, Rentius}} [[Categoria:Comboniani]] [[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Pratum (Italia)]] [[Categoria:Presbyteri catholici]] n8lsspgglv0ocqf4fmlvfcszni16k5a 5 321476 3957380 3952046 2026-04-28T06:32:36Z Grufo 64423 /* 2026 */ Quae erit pagina mensis Maii? 3957380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}} {{Compendia paginae|VP:Pam}} {{Videatur etiam|Disputatio Formulae:PaginaMensis}} Veteres disputationes: {{Specialis:Praefixa/Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium}} == 2026 == {{Quaestio nondum absoluta}} * Ianuarii → '''[[Divina Sapientia]]''' *: Videatur {{Nexus ad caput|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2025}} --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:42, 21 Novembris 2025 (UTC) * Februarii → '''[[Spatii temporisque tractio]]''' *:Paginam a me scriptam propono. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:42, 21 Novembris 2025 (UTC) *:Docta est pagina, promovenda est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:32, 22 Novembris 2025 (UTC) * Martii → '''[[Ion (Plato)]]''' ** Bona est pagina et mensis Martius adest! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:42, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) Oportet alias paginas eligere. Hic indices nos iuvare possunt: * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2019 promotae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2020 promotae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2021 promotae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2022 promotae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2023 promotae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2024 promotae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Index paginarum cottidianarum/Anno 2025 promotae]] --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:24, 21 Decembris 2025 (UTC) : Paginae fortasse possibiles: :* [[Amphitryon]] ? :* [[Nicolaus Antonius Manfroce]] ? :* [[Plotina]] ? :* [[Villa Comoedia et villa Tragoedia]] ? :* [[Templum Apollinis in Palatio]] ? :* [[Oratio funebris]] ? :* [[Blue Velvet (pellicula 1986)]] ? :* [[Consus]] ? :* [[Punctulum rubrum (galaxiarum genus)]] ? :* [[Ion (Plato)]] ? :* [[Quinarius]] ? :* [[Alcmene]] ? :* [[Narcissus (mythologia)]] ? :* [[Lucius Antonius]] ? :* [[Orationes Strateburgenses]] ? : --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:12, 22 Decembris 2025 (UTC) :: Multas paginas haud malas proponis, nescio, an omnes idoneae sint. Fortasse longiores primae eligendae sunt. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:53, 25 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::: Bene dicis, [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetri]]. Hic sunt eaedem paginae secundum magnitudinem ordinatae (index sponte se renovat): ::: {{Index paginarum secundum magnitudinem ordinatus | Amphitryon | Nicolaus Antonius Manfroce | Plotina | Villa Comoedia et villa Tragoedia | Templum Apollinis in Palatio | Oratio funebris | Blue Velvet (pellicula 1986) | Consus | Punctulum rubrum (galaxiarum genus) | Ion (Plato) | Quinarius | Alcmene | Narcissus (mythologia) | Lucius Antonius | Orationes Strateburgenses }} ::: Properemus! Mensis Martius adest! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:37, 26 Februarii 2026 (UTC) {{Ast}} Iterum hic. Commentationem de [[Plotina]], nemini obstante, paginam mensis Aprilis 2026 eligam. Sed si aliam paginam proponere vultis, quaeso, ferte hic vestras sententias! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:31, 31 Martii 2026 (UTC) {{Ast}} Quae erit pagina mensis Maii? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:32, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) 6e4p1zh12vm00qk3azp2d4ardhwapzm 4 322071 3957343 3957218 2026-04-28T00:12:44Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? */ Reply 3957343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=UzJFAAAAcAAJ&q=Montes+Tartari+%2C+per+contractionem+Tatri#v=snippet&q=Montes%20Tartari%20%2C%20per%20contractionem%20Tatri&f=false ''Curiosiora Et Selectiora Variarum Scientiarum Miscellanea'', vol. II, pars I, Tirnaviae 1681, p. 118]; {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [[Societas Iesu|SI]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=7bP1HPG3NTQC&q=Montes+Tartari+%2C+per+contractionem+Tatri#v=snippet&q=Montes%20Tartari%20%2C%20per%20contractionem%20Tatri&f=false ''Historia naturalis curiosa regni Poloniae...'', Sandomiriae 1721, p. 101]. Nomen de ''Tatari'' derivatum est, ut Szent Ivany et Rachinsky aiunt.|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Inveni [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la fontem]! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) guuogmp2emzp4ep3pqdne2tvutbif37 3957345 3957343 2026-04-28T00:23:52Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? */ responsio mea modificatur 3957345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=UzJFAAAAcAAJ&q=Montes+Tartari+%2C+per+contractionem+Tatri#v=snippet&q=Montes%20Tartari%20%2C%20per%20contractionem%20Tatri&f=false ''Curiosiora Et Selectiora Variarum Scientiarum Miscellanea'', vol. II, pars I, Tirnaviae 1681, p. 118]; {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [[Societas Iesu|SI]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=7bP1HPG3NTQC&q=Montes+Tartari+%2C+per+contractionem+Tatri#v=snippet&q=Montes%20Tartari%20%2C%20per%20contractionem%20Tatri&f=false ''Historia naturalis curiosa regni Poloniae...'', Sandomiriae 1721, p. 101]. Nomen de ''Tatari'' derivatum est, ut Szent Ivany et Rachinsky aiunt.|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) 8gd5468vnui13xz2uaqn8t6vtpmc22g 3957357 3957345 2026-04-28T01:34:11Z Grufo 64423 /* Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? */ 3957357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=UzJFAAAAcAAJ&q=Montes+Tartari+%2C+per+contractionem+Tatri#v=snippet&q=Montes%20Tartari%20%2C%20per%20contractionem%20Tatri&f=false ''Curiosiora Et Selectiora Variarum Scientiarum Miscellanea'', vol. II, pars I, Tirnaviae 1681, p. 118]; {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [[Societas Iesu|SI]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=7bP1HPG3NTQC&q=Montes+Tartari+%2C+per+contractionem+Tatri#v=snippet&q=Montes%20Tartari%20%2C%20per%20contractionem%20Tatri&f=false ''Historia naturalis curiosa regni Poloniae...'', Sandomiriae 1721, p. 101]. Nomen de ''Tatari'' derivatum est, ut Szent Ivany et Rachinsky aiunt.|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) 90ipic3p2jvtdosbpzd44f8ufuptw4i 3957359 3957357 2026-04-28T01:37:29Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? */ Reply 3957359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=UzJFAAAAcAAJ&q=Montes+Tartari+%2C+per+contractionem+Tatri#v=snippet&q=Montes%20Tartari%20%2C%20per%20contractionem%20Tatri&f=false ''Curiosiora Et Selectiora Variarum Scientiarum Miscellanea'', vol. II, pars I, Tirnaviae 1681, p. 118]; {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [[Societas Iesu|SI]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=7bP1HPG3NTQC&q=Montes+Tartari+%2C+per+contractionem+Tatri#v=snippet&q=Montes%20Tartari%20%2C%20per%20contractionem%20Tatri&f=false ''Historia naturalis curiosa regni Poloniae...'', Sandomiriae 1721, p. 101]. Nomen de ''Tatari'' derivatum est, ut Szent Ivany et Rachinsky aiunt.|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse nostis [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki?uselang=qqx hanc nexum] per quam tandem inveni. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:37, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) dpehux3ckfyxoleiwc2cyl4ntn47wy8 3957360 3957359 2026-04-28T01:38:19Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? */ genus correxi 3957360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=UzJFAAAAcAAJ&q=Montes+Tartari+%2C+per+contractionem+Tatri#v=snippet&q=Montes%20Tartari%20%2C%20per%20contractionem%20Tatri&f=false ''Curiosiora Et Selectiora Variarum Scientiarum Miscellanea'', vol. II, pars I, Tirnaviae 1681, p. 118]; {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [[Societas Iesu|SI]] [https://books.google.com/books?id=7bP1HPG3NTQC&q=Montes+Tartari+%2C+per+contractionem+Tatri#v=snippet&q=Montes%20Tartari%20%2C%20per%20contractionem%20Tatri&f=false ''Historia naturalis curiosa regni Poloniae...'', Sandomiriae 1721, p. 101]. Nomen de ''Tatari'' derivatum est, ut Szent Ivany et Rachinsky aiunt.|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse nostis [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki?uselang=qqx hunc nexum] per quem tandem inveni. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:37, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) oulxceo26rxq2taqptd5yr4ojf179h5 4 322505 3957297 3957064 2026-04-27T18:05:53Z MediaWiki message delivery 62628 /* Tech News: 2026-18 */ nova pars 3957297 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__<nowiki />[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]][[Categoria:Fora Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{Capsa paginae|1= Haec pagina nuntios technicos qui e [[MediaVici]] proveniunt praebet. Vide etiam [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2016|nuntios anni 2016]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2017|nuntios anni 2017]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2018|nuntios anni 2018]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2019|nuntios anni 2019]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2020|nuntios anni 2020]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2021|nuntios anni 2021]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2022|nuntios anni 2022]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2023|nuntios anni 2023]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2024|nuntios anni 2024]] et [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|nuntios anni 2025]]. }} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Tech News: 2026-03|Nuntia ad novum annum mota --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 12 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Nuntium ad novum annum motum --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 13:21, 18 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:29, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 26 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:43, 2 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 9 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:16, 16 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 23 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:51, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:52, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 16 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:50, 23 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:25, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 6 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:18, 13 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:59, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> ie7zrdm4vn8e626p034ku9p1lzhe24j 3957338 3957297 2026-04-27T22:27:39Z IacobusAmor 1163 3957338 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__<nowiki />[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]][[Categoria:Fora Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{Capsa paginae|1= Haec pagina nuntios technicos qui e [[MediaVici]] proveniunt praebet. Vide etiam [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2016|nuntios anni 2016]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2017|nuntios anni 2017]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2018|nuntios anni 2018]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2019|nuntios anni 2019]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2020|nuntios anni 2020]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2021|nuntios anni 2021]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2022|nuntios anni 2022]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2023|nuntios anni 2023]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2024|nuntios anni 2024]] et [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|nuntios anni 2025]]. }} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Tech News: 2026-03|Nuntia ad novum annum mota --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 12 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Nuntium ad novum annum motum --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 13:21, 18 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:29, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 26 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:43, 2 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 9 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:16, 16 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 23 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:51, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:52, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 16 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:50, 23 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:25, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 6 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:18, 13 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:59, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> itoo7yz3yk0z2lsnx3s42d9ehhi3u6l 0 324083 3957319 3957190 2026-04-27T20:43:00Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3957319 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities (Ortsgemeinden) in Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|thumb|Communia Rhenaniae et Palatinatus usque ad gradum ordinationis communis localis (Theodisce ''Ortsgemeinde'').]] '''Index urbium et communium [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]''' [[urbs|urbes]] et [[commune|communia]] in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra foederali]] [[Germania|Germanica]] Rhenania et Palatinatu sita continet. Sunt 2&nbsp;300 communibus politice independentibus (e Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2025). Haec ita distribuuntur: * 130 urbes, inter quas ** 12 [[circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''Kreisfreie Stadt''), ** 8 urbes magnae circulo subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''), ** 13 urbes sine consociatione communium (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Städte''), ** 97 urbes consociationi communium adscriptae (Theodisce ''verbandsangehörige Städte''); * 2170 alia communia, inter quae ** 8 communia sine consociatione (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Gemeinden''), ** 2162 communia localia -consociationi adscripta- (Theodisce ''Ortsgemeinden''). Illae 97 urbes et 2162 communia localia ad 129 consociationes communium pertinent, quae administrationem pro communibus sibi subiectis gerunt. == Circuli urbani == {{div col|3}} # [[Augusta Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Trier''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Tréier'')</small> # [[Bipontium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zweibrücken''; [[Palatinice]] ''Zweebrigge'')</small> # [[Caesarea Lutra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaiserslautern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lautre'')</small> # [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Koblenz''; dialectaliter ''Kowelenz'')</small> # [[Francodalia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenthal'')</small> # [[Landavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landau in der Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Landaach'')</small> # [[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]]<ref name="Bezzel 1845">Bezzel, H. M. (1845). ''Historia Rei Literariae Norimbergensis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshafen am Rhein'')</small> # [[Moguntiacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mainz'')</small> # [[Neapolis Palatinorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Neischdadt'')</small> # [[Sancti Pirminii Sedes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pirmasens''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bärmesens'')</small> # [[Spira (urbs)|Spira]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speyer'')</small> # [[Wormatia]]<ref>Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/groo001brie14_01/groo001brie14_01_0023.php ''Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius''], ubi dicitur "Dux Carolus a Wormatia militem mittit tuendo Ascafenburgo."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Worms'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes magnae circulo subiectae == {{div col|3}} * [[Angulisamum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Antunnacum]]<ref>[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]: ''Antunnaco''.</ref><ref>Venantius Fortunatus: ''Antonnacensis castelli …'' Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores antiquissimi, 4.4. Fortunati carminum liber X (de navigatione Childeberti regis).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Andernach''; dialectaliter ''Annenach'' seu ''Annernach'')</small> * [[Bingium]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bingen am Rhein'')</small> * [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Kreuznach'')</small> * [[Idara-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834">Steininger, J. (1834). ''Codex diplomaticus Trevirensis e-archivio et libris manuscriptis'' (Vol. 1). In Commission der Fr. Lintz’schen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher; et : Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idar-Oberstein'')</small> * [[Lahnstenium]]<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi [[Loganus|Loganum]] [[Rhenus]] suscipit."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahnstein'')</small> * [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayen'')</small> * [[Neoweda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuwied'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes sine consociatione communium == {{div col|3}} * [[Alceia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alzey'')</small> * [[Bendorffium]]<ref name="Merian 1646">Merian, M. (1646). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum: Das ist Beschreibung und Eigentliche Abbildung der Vornehmsten Stätte Plätze der Untern Pfalz am Rhein''. Matthäus Merian.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bendorf'')</small> * [[Babardia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boppard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobert'')</small> * [[Bedense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bebuersch'' seu ''Beburig''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Béibreg'')</small> * [[Insula Rheni]]<ref name="Mone 1848">Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins'' (Vol. 1). G. Braun'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörth am Rhein'')</small> * [[Iulius Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Germersheim'' seu ''Germersheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Novae Aquae-Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler'')</small> * [[Rigomagus (Germania)|Rigomagus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Remagen'')</small> * [[Sentiaca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sinzig'')</small> * [[Turingum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Nautica]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schifferstadt'')</small> * [[Viridopolis]]<ref name="Irenicus 1518">Irenicus, F. (1518). ''Germaniae exegeseos volumina duodecim''. Impensis Urbani Regii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünstadt'')</small> * [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wittlich'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes consociationi communium adscriptae == {{div col|3}} * [[Adenova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenau'')</small> * [[Algesheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Algesheim'')</small> * [[Angulus Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauterecken'')</small> * [[Anvilara]]<ref name="Böhmer 1849">Böhmer, J. F. (1849). ''Regesta Imperii: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern'' (Vol. 1). Verlag der J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Annweiler am Trifels'')</small> * [[Aquae Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888">Peutinger, C. (1888). ''Tabula Peutingeriana: Codex Vindobonensis 324'' (K. Miller, Ed.). Otto Maier Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Breisig'')</small> * [[Aquae Mariaemontanae]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824">Schannat, J. F. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Marmerich'')</small> * [[Aquae Sobernheimenses]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Sobernheim'')</small> * [[Bacaracum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bacharach'' seu ''Bacharach am Rhein'')</small> * [[Bemondula]]<ref name="Stadt Baumholder">Stadt Baumholder. (s. f.). [https://www.baumholder.de/en/our-city/history/ ''History''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baumholder'')</small> * [[Bernicastellum-Cusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905">Marx, J. (1905). ''Geschichte des Armen-Hospitals zum h. Nicolaus zu Cues'' (Vol. 1). Kommissions-Verlag der Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bernkastel-Kues'')</small> * [[Betzdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844">Bärsch, G. (1844). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Betzdorf'')</small> * [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofelda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenfeld'')</small> * [[Bollenheimum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinböllen'')</small> * [[Brubacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braubach'')</small> * [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaisersesch'')</small> * [[Candela (Palatinatus)|Candela]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kandel'')</small> * [[Castrum Kyllae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburg'')</small> * [[Cattimelibocum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenelnbogen'')</small> * [[Cella ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zell'')</small> * [[Cochemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cochem'')</small> * [[Contionacum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konz'')</small> * [[Cosla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kusel'')</small> * [[Cuba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cuba]] <small>(Theodisce ''Kaub'')</small> * [[Dada (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dada]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (II ed.). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Daaden'')</small> * [[Dana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dana]]<ref name="Görz II 1879">Görz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. II). Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahn'')</small> * [[Decia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diez'')</small> * [[Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Dierdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierdorf'')</small> * [[Domus Bousonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Sancti Goaris]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goarshausen'')</small> * [[Dumno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daun'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae ad Segam]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchen'')</small> * [[Ecclesiopolium Bolandicum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheimbolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerschem'')</small> * [[Ediginhovum]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis'' (Vol. 3). Historischer Verein für Hessen; et; Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Bd. 3 Kopialbuch, II. Teil. Die übrigen Gau- und Marken-Verzeichnisse''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Buchhandlung des Hessischen Staatsverlags.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Edenkoben''; [[Palatinice]] ''Edekowe'')</small> * [[Embasis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Ems'')</small> * [[Emmelshusium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelshausen'')</small> * [[Freinsheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freinsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Fränsem'')</small> * [[Gamundium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Gamundium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hornbach'')</small> * [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolstein'')</small> * [[Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Herdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herdorf'')</small> * [[Hermenskeila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermeskeil'')</small> * [[Hillesheimium (Eiflia)|Hillesheimium]] <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hoinga]]<ref name="Becker, Mayer, Prinz & Halpern 2021">Becker, W., Mayer, M. G., Prinz, S. T., & Halpern, J. P. (2021). ''Hoinga: A large and nearby ROSAT-detected supernova remnant''. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, A30. doi.org</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Hönningen'')</small> * [[Horium-Grancineshausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhr-Grenzhausen'')</small> * [[Hunnorum Castellum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastellaun'')</small> * [[Indago ad Rivum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hagenbach'')</small> * [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirn'')</small> * [[Landstulia]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landstuhl'')</small> * [[Lincia ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linz am Rhein'')</small> * [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wolfstein'')</small> * [[Manderscheidum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Meisenheimium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Meisenheimium]]<ref name="Latomus 1562">Latomus, B. (1562). ''Genealogia d. d. baronum in Meisenheimium et Oberstein''. (Reimpressio a I. Friderico edita, anno 1870, Reuther).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisenheim'')</small> * [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mendig'')</small> * [[Molendinopolis-Kerlecha]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim-Kärlich'')</small> * [[Monasterium Meinfeldiae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münstermaifeld''; dialectaliter ''Meenster'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ferreus (Palatinatus)|Mons Ferreus]]<ref name="Meisner 1623">Meisner, D. (1623). ''Thesaurus Philo-Politicus: Hoc est: Emblemata sive Moralia Politica'' (Vol. 1). Eberhard Kieser seu Enno Koenig.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Mons Tabor]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Montabaur'')</small> * [[Mons Torrentis (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Torrentis]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Stromberg'')</small> * [[Moschela Superior]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obermoschel'')</small> * [[Nassovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nassau'')</small> * [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nastätten'')</small> * [[Neristeinum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nierstein'')</small> * [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerburg''; dialectaliter [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Neierbuersch'')</small> * [[Occidentale Castrum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Occidentale Castrum]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Westerburg'')</small> * [[Oppenheimium]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppenheim'')</small> * [[Ostowa]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osthofen'')</small> * [[Otterburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterberg'')</small> * [[Policha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Polch'')</small> * [[Pruma (urbs)|Pruma]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prüm'')</small> * [[Ramsteinium-Mesenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramstein-Miesenbach'')</small> * [[Ransbacum-Babenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ransbach-Baumbach'')</small> * [[Renneroda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rennerod'')</small> * [[Rensa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhens'')</small> * [[Rocconis Domus]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rockenhausen'')</small> * [[Rodalba]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodalben'')</small> * [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selters''; dialectaliter ''Seldersch'')</small> * [[Sancti Goaris Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goar'')</small> * [[Sanctus Lambertus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Lambertus]]<ref name="Remling 1836">Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der ehemaligen Abteien und Klöster im jetzigen Rheinbayern'' (Vol. 1). Ensslin; et: Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambrecht'')</small> * [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saarburg'')</small> * [[Simmera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmern/Hunsrück'')</small> * [[Soiacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweich'')</small> * [[Spicarium (Eiflia)|Spicarium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speicher'')</small> * [[Tabernae Montanae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bergzabern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Berchzawwre'')</small> * [[Trabena-Trarbachium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Traben-Trarbach'')</small> * [[Turris Alba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Turris Alba]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Weißenthurm''; dialectaliter ''Thur'')</small> * [[Ulmena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ulmen'')</small> * [[Ulmena Inferior]]<ref name="Greule 2021">Greule, A. (2021). ''Die Ortsnamen der Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm''. Regionalgeschichte.net</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Olm'')</small> * [[Unchela]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 1). Wolf'sche Buchdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Unkel'')</small> * [[Valendra]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Vallendar'')</small> * [[Vesalia Superior]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwesel'')</small> * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Villa Moraha]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Waldmohr'')</small> * [[Wachenheimium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wachenheim an der Weinstraße'' seu ''Wachenheim an der Haardt'')</small> * [[Weristadium]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörrstadt'')</small> * [[Wiridicha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wirges'')</small> * [[Wissena ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wissen'' seu ''Wissen/Sieg'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia sine consociatione == {{div col|3}} * [[Bobenhemium-Roxhemium]]<ref name="Remling Geschichte 1852">Remling, F. X., (1852); ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. [[Moguntiacum|Moguntiaci]]: Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim-Roxheim'')</small> * [[Bohila et Ugelhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böhl-Iggelheim'')</small> * [[Budenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim III 1839">Binterim, A. J. (1839). ''Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen Concilien: vom vierten bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts'' (Vol. 3). Moguntiaci: Verlag von Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenheim'')</small> * [[Comitatus (Rhenania)|Comitatus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723">Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive memorabilis et geographica historicaque dominorum eifliae illustrium''. Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptionis comitatus Eifliae''. Typis J.A. Köthen; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive chorographica et historica descriptio comitatus Eifliae''. [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Sumptibus viduae J. B. Metternich.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grafschaft'')</small> * [[Curia Limburgensis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Limburgerhof'')</small> * [[Hasela (Palatinatus)|Hasela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haßloch'')</small> * [[Morbachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morbach'')</small> * [[Mutterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia localia == === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Abtweiler'')</small> * [[Abentheuerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Abentheuer'')</small> * [[Acta (Eiflia)|Acta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Acht'')</small> * [[Adinbachium]]<ref name="Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae II 1770">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae. (1770). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Litterarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenbach'')</small> * [[Afflaria]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Affler'')</small> * [[Agathonis Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Echtershausen'')</small> * [[Ager Fraxineus]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschfeld'')</small> * [[Agitelsbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Achtelsbach'')</small> * [[Agiwaltivilla]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elzweiler'')</small> * [[Agonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehweiler'')</small> * [[Ailertchenium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ailertchen'')</small> * [[Albersweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albersweiler'')</small> * [[Albessenum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albessen'')</small> * [[Albia (Occidentalis Silva)|Albia]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elben'')</small> * [[Albis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Albis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alf'')</small> * [[Albucha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albig'')</small> * [[Albulfi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albisheim'')</small> * [[Alflona]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alflen'')</small> * [[Alcana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alcana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alken'')</small> * [[Alchorodum]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elkenroth'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Nava)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellweiler'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Tergum Caninum)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Elchweiler'')</small> * [[Alisontia (Palatinatus)|Alisontia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsenz'')</small> * [[Allenbachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenbach'')</small> * [[Allendorfium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Allendorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allendorf'')</small> * [[Allenfeldium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenfeld'')</small> * [[Almersbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Almersbach'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Candelam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Kandel'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Danam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellerstadt'')</small> * [[Alnetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852">Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia Illustrata: Oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.). Lintz; et: Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.; Vol. 2). Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellscheid'')</small> * [[Alni Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlscheid'')</small> * [[Alpenrodium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alpenrod'')</small> * [[Alsbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsbach'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Eiflia)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsheim'')</small> * [[Alta Regia (Rhenania)|Alta Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrich'')</small> * [[Alta Ripa (Palatinatus)|Alta Ripa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrip'')</small> * [[Alterkulzium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alterkülz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Allerkilz'')</small> * [[Alua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleialf'')</small> * [[Ambitus Sigae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Ameslabrunno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esselborn'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Novum Castrum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen bei Neuerburg'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen an der Our'')</small> * [[Angelostadium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Engelstadt'')</small> * [[Angulocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckfeld'')</small> * [[Angulus Franconum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankeneck'')</small> * [[Anhusium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anhausen''; dialectaliter ''Onese'')</small> * [[Anschavia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anschau'')</small> * [[Ansiacum Mosellanum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensch'')</small> * [[Antiqua Dizuna]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altendiez'')</small> * [[Antiqua Laya]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altlay'')</small> * [[Antiqua Scheida]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altscheid'')</small> * [[Antiqua Villa (Palatinatus)|Antiqua Villa]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')</small> * [[Antiquum Boimburgum]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenbamberg'')</small> * [[Antiquum Strimmigium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altstrimmig'')</small> * [[Antiquum Widelbachium]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altweidelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Aldweirelbach'')</small> * [[Antweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Antweiler'')</small> * [[Appenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Appenheim'')</small> * [[Aqua (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Aqua]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aach'')</small> * [[Aquae Ferreae (Eiflia)|Aquae Ferreae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670">Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenach'')</small> * [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ara]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenahr'')</small> * [[Arbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arbach'')</small> * [[Arbor Amelonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelbaum'')</small> * [[Aremontium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aremberg'')</small> * [[Arenrathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arenrath'')</small> * [[Arftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arft'')</small> * [[Argenthalium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ajedahl'')</small> * [[Ariswancum]]<ref name="Dotzauer 2001">Dotzauer, W. (2001). ''Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes: Von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution''. Franz Steiner Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenschwang'')</small> * [[Armshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Armsheim'')</small> * [[Arzbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzbach'')</small> * [[Ardesfelda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzfeld'')</small> * [[Ardinicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erden'')</small> * [[Arenza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernzen'')</small> * [[Aridum Nemus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dürrholz'')</small> * [[Asbachium (Occidentalis Silva)|Asbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Aspishemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aspisheim'')</small> * [[Astertium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Astert'')</small> * [[Attenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Attenhausen'')</small> * [[Atzelgiftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Atzelgift'')</small> * [[Auderathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auderath'')</small> * [[Audonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Edesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Esem'')</small> * [[Auelium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auel'')</small>. * [[Augia (Tergum Caninum)|Augia]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601">Trithemius, I. (1601). ''Chronicon Coenobii Sponheimensis''. Typis Ioannis Albini; et: Trithemius, I. (1601). Chronicon Sponheimense, ca. 1495-1509. (Ed. Carl Velten, 1969). [[Cruciniacum|Cruciniaci]]: Eigenverlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Auen'')</small> * [[Augia ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Augia ad Prumiam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw bei Prüm'')</small> * [[Augia Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dausenau'')</small> * [[Aullium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aull'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bachenbergium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bachenberg'')</small> * [[Bacunnum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bekond'')</small> * [[Bademium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badem'')</small> * [[Badenhardia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenhard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Banert'')</small> * [[Badenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenheim'')</small> * [[Baldringum]]<ref name="Gnodalius 1570">Gnodalius, P. (1570). ''Seditio repentina vulgi, praecipue rusticorum, anno M.D.XXV. per universam fere Germaniam exorta''. Henricus Petri</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baldringen'')</small> * [[Bannum (Palatinatus)|Bannum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857">Lehmann, J. G. (1857). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der Pfalz''. Verlag der Joh. Chr. Hermann'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bann'')</small> * [[Bannberscheidum]]<ref name="Steub 1846">Steub, L. (1846). ''Die oberdeutschen Familiennamen''. Verlag von George Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bannberscheid'')</small> * [[Barae (Eiflia)|Barae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baar'')</small> * [[Basilica Helperici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helferskirchen'')</small> * [[Baudobrica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdlich'')</small> * [[Baulerum (Circulus terrae Arvilarensis)|Baulerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855">Schannat, J. F. (1855). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica comitatus Eifliae descriptio''. Jacobus Antonius Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Arvilarensis|Circulo Arvilarensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref>Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Arvilarensis"</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Baustertum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baustert'')</small> * [[Bechelum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836">Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: res Trevericas a saeculo X. usque ad nostra tempora illustrans''. Friederich Lintz; et: Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: Res Trevirericas a tempore Romanae dominationis usque ad nostram aetatem''. Typis et Sumptibus F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Becheln'')</small> * [[Bechtrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtheim'')</small> * [[Beindersheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beindersheim'')</small> * [[Belgica (Germania)|Belgica]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellisch'')</small> * [[Belinga (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Belinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilingen'')</small> * [[Belinga (Occidentalis Silva)|Belinga]]<ref name="Görz 1886">Görz, A. (1886). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. Verlag von F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellingen'')</small> * [[Bellum (Tergum Caninum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Bellum (prope Mendigum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(prope [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Beltema]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beltheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Belldem'')</small> * [[Bercilingua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berlingen'')</small> * [[Bermola]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermel'')</small> * [[Bertriacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1988">Gilles, K.-J. (1988). ''Die Entersburg bei Bad Bertrich. Ein "Troja" der Eifel''. Apud ''Jahrbuch für den Kreis Cochem-Zell''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bertrich'')</small> * [[Bettilonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Betteldorf'')</small> * [[Bettinga (Eiflia)|Bettinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettingen'')</small> * [[Betularia-Honigsessenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885">Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Provinz Rheinland'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus; et: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Auf Grund der Materialien der Volkszählung vom 1. Dezember 1885'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birken-Honigsessen'')</small> * [[Betularum Domus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berkhem'')</small> * [[Beyia]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausbay'')</small> * [[Bibaraha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Biewere'')</small> * [[Bibericum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebrich'')</small> * [[Bickenbacum (Tergum Caninum)|Bickenbacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggebach'')</small> * [[Bidasium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841">Lehmann, J. G. (1841). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der ehemaligen Pfalz am Rheine''. Kaiserslautern: Tascher. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Birressem'')</small> * [[Bifangum Ulonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenbis'')</small> * [[Bilestinum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilstein'')</small> * [[Binninga (Eiflia)|Binninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binningen'')</small> * [[Binsfelda (Eiflia)|Binsfelda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binsfeld'')</small> * [[Birgelium]]<ref name="Wackenroder 1928">Wackenroder, E. (1928). ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Daun'' (P. Clemen, Ed.; Vol. 12/III). Dusseldorpii: L. Schwann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birgel'')</small> * [[Birgesbura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birresborn'')</small> * [[Birtinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birtlingen'')</small> * [[Bitzenum]]<ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitzen'')</small> * [[Bochinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böchingen'')</small> * [[Bolandia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bolanne'')</small> * [[Bollanevilla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollendorf'')</small> * [[Bona Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bona Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutweiler'')</small> * [[Boni Agri]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenacker'')</small> * [[Borlerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Borler'')</small> * [[Bovina (Nava)|Bovina]] <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> * [[Braunshornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunshorn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brousert'')</small> * [[Bredallum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedel'')</small> * [[Breidena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedern'')</small> * [[Bremba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremm'')</small> * [[Bretzenheimum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretzenheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brätzenem'')</small> * [[Briedina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brieden'')</small> * [[Briminga]]<ref name="Linden 1852">Linden, I. (1852). ''Hierarchia Trevirensis: Catalogus omnium ecclesiarum et cleri dioecesis Trevirensis''. Ex Officina Typographica B. Herder.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brimingen'')</small> * [[Brinichum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brenk'')</small> * [[Brocscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat 1829">Schannat, I. F. (1829). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Tranl.). Mayer. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brockscheid'')</small> * [[Brodenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brodenbach'')</small> * [[Brohla-Luezilinga]]<ref name="Brommer 2003">Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Kanzlei der Erzbischöfe von Trier im 12. Jahrhundert''. Gesellschaft für Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl-Lützing'')</small> * [[Bruchamulbacum-Misavia]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchmühlbach-Miesau'')</small> * [[Bruchertseifia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchertseifen'')</small> * [[Bruchwilarius-Berenbacum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler-Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Brucusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchhausen'')</small> * [[Brula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl'')</small> * [[Brunswillarium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauweiler'')</small> * [[Bruo]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brey'')</small> * [[Bruscheida]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruschied'')</small> * [[Bruttigum-Fancale]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruttig-Fankel'')</small> * [[Bubacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobach'')</small> * [[Bubenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Bubenheimium]]<ref name="">Brilmayer, K. I. (1905). ''Rheinhessen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart''. [[Giessa]]e: Roth.</ref> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim'')</small> * [[Bubonum Villa (Palatinatus)|Bubonum Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Buwerum'')</small> * [[Bubura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buborn'')</small> * [[Budonis Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Buidonivilla]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Bulenberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buhlenberg'')</small> * [[Bulichum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beulich'')</small> * [[Bulleia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bullay'')</small> * [[Bundenbachium]]<ref name="Cellarius 1706">Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior: ab ortu rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum tempora''. Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Großbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bunglum (Mosella)|Bunglum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bengel'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella)|Burgus]] <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella Inferior)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam Inferiorem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burgus (Eiflia)|Burgus]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (prope Bernicastellum-Cusam)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Bernicastellum-Cusam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burovillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burrweiler'')</small> * [[Burtscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burtscheid'')</small> * [[Buveza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Caminus Picis (Palatinatus)|Caminus Picis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechhofen'')</small> * [[Campus Animalium]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Baierorum et Steckweilerum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/><ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bayerfeld-Steckweiler'')</small> * [[Campus Balesii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750">Hontheim, N. (1750). ''Historia Trevirensis diplomatica et pragmatica''. Apud viduam et filium Joannis Gulielmi Huisch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balesfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bonini]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonefeld'')</small> * [[Campus Caprarum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Dedinis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deudesfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Deisseld'')</small> * [[Campus Eritii]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus et Mons]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkampenberg'')</small> * [[Campus Flammingi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flammersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Friscanis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freckenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Indaginis (Palatinatus)|Campus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Pineus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Speltae]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harspelt'')</small> * [[Campus Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dellfeld'')</small> * [[Cana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Caan'')</small> * [[Capitalis Cathedra]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauptstuhl'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Carolomontium]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Charlottenberg'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus terrae Turingensis)|Carolomontium]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Turingensis|Circulo terrae Turingensi]]<ref name="CTTuringensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Turingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Dürkheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Turingensis-e" ad [[Turingum]] refertur.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Carlsberg'')</small> * [[Casa Bubonum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börfink'')</small> * [[Casae ad Montem (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Casae ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berghausen'')</small> * [[Casae Beionis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beinhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bennonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bennhausen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bennese'')</small> * [[Casae Bergonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bärjehouse'')</small> * [[Casae Berizonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bidari]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedershausen'')</small> * [[Casae Faginae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchenbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bischebäjere'')</small> * [[Castrum Brule]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgbrohl'')</small> * [[Castrum Gaudii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freudenburg'')</small> * [[Castrum Larae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burglahr'')</small> * [[Clarus Rivus (Eiflia)|Clarus Rivus]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren 1830">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiöcese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung und jetzigen Verfassung''. Simon Müller.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gladbach'')</small> * [[Clausa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Clausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Clausen'')</small> * [[Colli Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colli Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsdorf'')</small> * [[Collis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Collis]]<ref name="Wasserzieher 1927">Wasserzieher, E. (1927). ''Hans und Grete: Eine Einführung in die Studium der deutschen Personennamen''. Ferdinand Dümmler Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchel'')</small> * [[Collis Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenbeul'')</small> * [[Collis Hassonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenbühl'')</small> * [[Concha Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenmoschel'')</small> * [[Condate Vicus]]<ref name="Condate Vicus">Vide [https://www.gemeinde-contwig.de/index.php/ortsgeschichte ''Gemeinde Contwig''], ubi dicitur "(...) Namen „condate vicus“ (oder ähnlich) erhielt (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Contwig'')</small> * [[Contrava]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondorf'')</small> * [[Curia Dominicalis]]<ref name="Simmern-Rheinböllen 2024">Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen (2024). ''Ortsgemeinde Fronhofen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fronhofen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Fronhuwe'')</small> * [[Curia Vulpis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fuchshofen'')</small> * [[Curiae Arnonis]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arnshöfen'')</small> * [[Curtes Dissonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dessighofen''; dialectaliter ''Dessje'')</small> * [[Curtes Endlichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Endlichhofen'')</small> * [[Curtis Ferrea]]<ref name="Meisner 1623"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisighofen'')</small> * [[Curtes Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanhofen'')</small> * [[Curvatura Arboris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hentern'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dackenheimium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackenheim'')</small> * [[Dackscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackscheid'')</small> * [[Daleidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daleiden'')</small> * [[Dancano]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahnen'')</small> * [[Datinberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dattenberg'')</small> * [[Decima (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decima]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Detzem'')</small> * [[Deesenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deesen'')</small> * [[Deinspure]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Densborn'')</small> * [[Dernavia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernau'')</small> * [[Derschenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Derschen'')</small> * [[Deslochium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Desloch'')</small> * [[Dichotoma Silva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Habscheid'')</small> * [[Dicio Hassonis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haserich'')</small> * [[Dieblichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dieblich'')</small> * [[Difficilis Scissus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bisterschied'')</small> * [[Dilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Didonevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dingdorf'')</small> * [[Dimidia Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halbs'')</small> * [[Discidium Haris (prope Adenovam)|Discidium Haris]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref>Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheidt'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Tergum Caninum)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Aquarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Euscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damscheid''; [[Hunnice]] ''Domschiehd'')</small> * [[Discrimen Darsonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Eiflia)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Ignis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feuerscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Spissum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Diggeschiehd'')</small> * [[Divortium (Tergum Caninum)|Divortium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bescheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Baäschd'')</small> * [[Divortium Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berscheid'')</small> * [[Docconis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockweiler'')</small> * [[Docconisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockendorf'')</small> * [[Dommari Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dommershausen''; dialectaliter [[Hunnice]] ''Dommasch'')</small> * [[Domus (ad Wedam)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(ad [[Weda]]m)<ref name="Weda">[http://www.columbia.edu/acis/ets/Graesse/orblatw.html www.columbia.edu]</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus (Tergum Caninum)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus Agilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Ellehouse'')</small> * [[Domus Ansonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensheim'')</small> * [[Domus Argis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ergeshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Arzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Azonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essenheim'')</small> * [[Domus Candida (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Candida]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleckhausen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Blääkes'')</small> * [[Domus Davilonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dauwelshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Ebichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ewighausen''; dialectaliter ''Iwichhouse'')</small> * [[Domus Emmerici]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmerzhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Eppilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppelsheim'')</small> * [[Domus Erpfolvi]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpolzheim'')</small> * [[Domus Etichonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Etichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettinghausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hargeri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargesheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hajesimm'')</small> * [[Domus Harichi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harxheim'')</small> * [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hilderedi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellertshausen'')</small> * [[Domus in Eiflia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausten'')</small> * [[Domus in Saepto Scisso]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckhuscheid'')</small> * [[Domus in Silva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus in Silva]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harthausen'')</small> * [[Domus Tabulata]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretthausen'')</small> * [[Dossinhusa]]<ref name="Moos & Kober 2009">Moos, P. S., & Kober, K. (2009). ''Die Geschichte von Dachsenhausen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dachsenhausen'')</small> * [[Dreisa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dreisa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Drees'')</small> * [[Dudonis Castrum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dodenburg'')</small> * [[Dudonis Curtes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudenhofen'')</small> * [[Dudonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Duchroth'')</small> * [[Dulgisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dolgesheim'')</small> * [[Dunechinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Düngenheim'')</small> * [[Dunonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dunzweiler'')</small> * [[Duodelonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudeldorf'')</small> * [[Dura Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dura Petra]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hartenfels''; dialectaliter ''Harbels'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Eberhardi Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertshausen'')</small> * [[Eberolfidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Ewwertsem'' seu ''Ewwertzum'')</small> * [[Egihari Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckersweiler'')</small> * [[Egili Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eilscheid'')</small> * [[Egla (Germania)|Egla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ayl'')</small> * [[Eichana]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eich'')</small> * [[Eichelhardia]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichelhardt'')</small> * [[Ekkilonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckelsheim'')</small> * [[Elbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Elbinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elbingen'')</small> * [[Elira (Tergum Caninum)|Elira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ellere'')</small> * [[Elisapha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elsoff'')</small> * [[Ellentia-Poltervilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenz-Poltersdorf'')</small> * [[Enchiriacus Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Engerisch'')</small> * [[Enkenbacum-Alisontia Fons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkenbach-Alsenborn'')</small> * [[Enselinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßlingen'')</small> * [[Enspila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enspel'')</small> * [[Enzena (Eiflia)|Enzena]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enzen'')</small> * [[Episcopi Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Episcopi Domus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bischheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bischem'')</small> * [[Episcopi Mons (Nava)|Episcopi Mons]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frauenberg'')</small> * [[Epponis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenbrunn'')</small> * [[Era (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Era]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehr'')</small> * [[Erbes-Budesheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbes-Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Ericetum Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenheide'')</small> * [[Erneza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernst'')</small> * [[Erphowilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erfweiler'')</small> * [[Estor]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esthal''; [[Palatinice]] ''Eschdl'')</small> * [[Ethigira et Alara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ediger-Eller'')</small> * [[Etichovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etteldorf'')</small> * [[Ettringium (Eiflia)|Ettringium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettringen'')</small> * [[Eulgemium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulgem'')</small> * [[Exstirpatio Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndroth'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fachbachium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891">Bär, M. (1891). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. [[Bonna]]e, in Germania: Max Cohen & Sohn.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fachbach'')</small> * [[Fagetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fagetum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchet'')</small> * [[Fagus (Taunus)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch'')</small> * [[Fagus (Tergum Caninum)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Booch'')</small> * [[Fagus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambuch'')</small> * [[Faidia]]<ref name="Statistisches Landesamt 2024">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz. (2024). ''Bevölkerungsstand von Land, Landkreisen, Gemeinden und Verbandsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Faid'')</small> * [[Falconis Petra (Palatinatus)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Falkenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Falgestää'')</small> * [[Fela et Villa Ritizonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fehl-Ritzhausen''; dialectaliter ''Feel-R’tshause'')</small> * [[Ferrifodina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ferrifodina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenschmitt'')</small> * [[Filsena]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Filsen'')</small> * [[Flexus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Flexus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bogel'')</small> * [[Flexus Rheni]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm am Rhein'')</small> * [[Flisima]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fließem'')</small> * [[Fluderscha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fluterschen'')</small> * [[Fluxus Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damflos'')</small> * [[Fons Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bereborn'')</small> * [[Fons Boeri]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimborn'')</small> * [[Fons Fluvius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Herii (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Fons Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herwerre'')</small> * [[Fons Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böllenborn'')</small> * [[Forstium (Eiflia)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Binningen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier; et: Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Mörsdorf/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier. (</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium (Tergum Caninum)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst''; [[Hunnice]] ''Forschd'')</small> * [[Forstium (prope Wissenam ad Segam)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2026">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2026). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Sebastian (Wissen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(prope [[Wissena ad Segam|Wissenam ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Speyer. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Margaretha (Forst)''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Speyer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum ad Salmam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(prope [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(prope [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Aschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Tergum Caninum)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus (prope Nastadium)|Fraxinorivus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(prope [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus Palatinus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Frohnhofenium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frohnhofen'')</small> * [[Fructus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fructus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frücht'')</small> * [[Fundus (Occidentalis Silva)|Fundus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boden'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Gammina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gamlen'')</small> * [[Gapinacha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gappenach'')</small> * [[Gefellium (Eiflia)|Gefellium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Gefell (2024)">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Hubertus (Gefell)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gefell'')</small> * [[Geichlinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geichlingen'')</small> * [[Geisigium]]<ref name="Bistum Limburg 2024">Bistum Limburg (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis des Diözesanarchivs Limburg''. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam|Limburgi ad Lahnam]], in Germania: Diözesanarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisig'')</small> * [[Gelerotha]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gieleroth'')</small> * [[Gelisheimia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gilzem'')</small> * [[Gembrica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemmerich'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Oura)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Longnon 1915">Longnon, A. (1915). ''Pouillés de la province de Trèves''. Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(ad [[Oura (Sura)|Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünd'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Occidentalis Silva)|Gemundia]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Tergum Caninum)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Zwiebelberg 1970">Zwiebelberg, W. (1970). ''Das alte Gemünden''. Harald Boldt Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geminne'')</small> * [[Gensina]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gensingen'')</small> * [[Georgii Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Georgii Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Görgeshausen'')</small> * [[Geraha (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Geraha]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerisch'')</small> * [[Gerardi Fons]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrend & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerhardsbrunn'')</small> * [[Gerardshusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giershausen'')</small> * [[Gerbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerbach'')</small> * [[Gergeroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girkenroth'')</small> * [[Geringa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gering'')</small> * [[Gerolsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolsheim'')</small> * [[Gevenichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gevenich'')</small> * [[Geysinhusium]]<ref name="Trautmann 2001">Trautmann, D. (2001). ''Bilder, Geschichten und Nachrichten aus über 700 Jahren Giesenhausen''. Vetere Ecclesia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesenhausen'')</small> * [[Gichelinga]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Treves bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gentingen'')</small> * [[Gielertum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gielert'')</small> * [[Gierschnacum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gierschnach'')</small> * [[Gildensburna]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenbeuren'')</small> * [[Gillenfeldia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Jillwed'')</small> * [[Gimbsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbsheim'')</small> * [[Gindorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gindorf'')</small> * [[Gipperatha]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gipperath'')</small> * [[Giroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girod'')</small> * [[Gisina Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesdorf'')</small> * [[Glanna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenglan'')</small> * [[Glensa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glees'')</small> * [[Glisweilerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleisweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Glääswoiler'')</small> * [[Glizicella-Horbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleiszellen-Gleishorbach'')</small> * [[Godenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gödenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerad'')</small> * [[Godhardi Novale]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Goddert''; dialectaliter ''Gorert'')</small> * [[Goecklingia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Göcklingen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gecklinge'')</small> * [[Gommersheimum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gommersheim'')</small> * [[Gondenbrettum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondenbrett'')</small> * [[Goenhemium]]<ref name="Baur 1862">Baur, L. (1862). ''Hessische Urkunden: Aus dem Grossherzoglich Hessischen Haus- und Staatsarchive''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Verlag von Jonghaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnheim'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (Eiflia)|Goennersdorfium]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (prope Aquas Brisiacenses)|Goennersdorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Aquae Brisiacenses|Aquas Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888"/></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Gornhausium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gornhausen'')</small> * [[Gozerswillare-Lapis]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gossersweiler-Stein'')</small> * [[Graca ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Graach an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Grandesdorpum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gransdorf'')</small> * [[Gransifenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großseifen''; dialectaliter: ''Großseife'')</small> * [[Greimersburgum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimersburg'')</small> * [[Grenderiacum]]<ref name="Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024)">Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024). ''Ortsgeschichte – Gemeinde Grenderich''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grenderich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gränerisch'')</small> * [[Griesa (Palatinatus)|Griesa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gries'')</small> * [[Grimburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grimburg'')</small> * [[Grimolderoda (Eiflia)|Grimolderoda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grimoldesroda (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Grimoldesroda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grolshemium]]<ref name="Saur 1594">Saur, A. (1594). ''Theatrum Urbium: Contrafeytung und Beschreibung der vornembsten Stätte, Schlösser und Festungen''. Nicolaus Basseus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grolsheim'')</small> * [[Guckhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guckheim'')</small> * [[Guckingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gückingen'')</small> * [[Gumbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gonbach'')</small> * [[Gumonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gumbsheim'')</small> * [[Gumpwillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbweiler'')</small> * [[Gundahari Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersheim'')</small> * [[Gunderathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gunderath'')</small> * [[Gundeswillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ginsweiler'')</small> * [[Gundonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundheim'')</small> * [[Gunterespumario]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guntersblum'')</small> * [[Guntershusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gundersch'')</small> * [[Gurgitis Campus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dümpelfeld'')</small> * [[Gusenburgium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusenburg'')</small> * [[Gussenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gösenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geserd'')</small> * [[Gusterathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusterath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Göstert'')</small> * [[Gylnheimum]]<ref name="Gemeinde Göllheim">Gemeinde Göllheim. (s.f.). ''Göllheims Geschichte''. Göllheim.de.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Göllheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gellem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hackonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hackenheim'')</small> * [[Hahnstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnstätten'')</small> * [[Hainavia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainau'')</small> * [[Hanum (Tergum Caninum)|Hanum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn'')</small> * [[Hanum ad Lacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn am See'')</small> * [[Hanum prope Mariambergam]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn bei Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Hoh'')</small> * [[Hasbacum ad Montem Sancti Remigii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haschbach am Remigiusberg'')</small> * [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasborn'')</small> * [[Hattertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattert'')</small> * [[Haurothum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauroth'')</small> * [[Heckenmuensterium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenmünster'')</small> * [[Heddertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heddert'')</small> * [[Helonze]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlenz'')</small> * [[Hergenfeld]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Hergenroth]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Hergersweiler]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herl]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Hermersberg]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herold (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Herold]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herpla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpel'')</small> * [[Herren-Sulzbach]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herresbach]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herrstein]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herschbach]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herschbach (Oberwesterwald)]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herschberg]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herschbroich]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herschweiler-Pettersheim]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Hersdorf]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Hertlinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Härtlingen'')</small> * [[Herxheim am Berg]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herxheim bei Landau/Pfalz]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herxheimweyher]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Herzfeld (Eiflia)|Herzfeld]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Heßheim]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Hesweiler]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Hettenhausen (Pfalz)|Hettenhausen]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Hettenleidelheim]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Hettenrodt]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Hetzerath (Eiflia)|Hetzerath]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Heuchelheim bei Frankenthal]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Heuchelheim-Klingen]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Heupelzen]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Heuzert]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Hiberna Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Güllesheim'')</small> * [[Hilgenroth]] * [[Hilgert]] * [[Hillesheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Hillesheim]] * [[Hillscheid]] * [[Hilscheid]] * [[Hilst]] * [[Himmighofen]] * [[Hintertiefenbach]] * [[Hinterweidenthal]] * [[Hinterweiler]] * [[Hinzenburg]] * [[Hinzert-Pölert]] * [[Hinzweiler]] * [[Hirschberg (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Hirschberg]] * [[Hirschfeld (Tergum Caninum)]] * [[Hirschhorn/Pfalz]] * [[Hirschthal (Pfalz)|Hirschthal]] * [[Hirten]] * [[Hirz-Maulsbach]] * [[Hochborn]] * [[Hochdorf-Assenheim]] * [[Hochscheid]] * [[Hochspeyer]] * [[Hochstadt (Pfalz)]] * [[Hochstätten]] * [[Höchstberg]] * [[Höchstenbach]] * [[Hochstetten-Dhaun]] * [[Hockweiler]] * [[Hof (Occidentalis Silva)|Hof]] * [[Hoffeld (Eiflia)|Hoffeld]] * [[Höheinöd]] * [[Höheischweiler]] * [[Hohenfels-Essingen]] * [[Hohenleimbach]] * [[Hohenöllen]] * [[Hohen-Sülzen]] * [[Höhfröschen]] * [[Höhn]] * [[Holenbachium]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großholbach'')</small> * [[Holler (Occidentalis Silva)|Holler]] * [[Hollnich]] * [[Holsthum]] * [[Holzappel]] * [[Holzbach]] * [[Holzerath]] * [[Holzhausen an der Haide]] * [[Holzheim (Aar)|Holzheim]] * [[Homberg (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Homberg]] <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> * [[Homberg (Occidentalis Silva)|Homberg]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Hömberg]] * [[Hommerdingen]] * [[Honerath]] * [[Hönningen]] * [[Hontheim]] * [[Hoppstädten]] * [[Hoppstädten-Weiersbach]] * [[Horath]] * [[Horbach (bei Simmertal)|Horbach]] <small>(bei Simmertal)</small> * [[Horbach (Pfalz)|Horbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Horbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Horbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Horbruch]] * [[Hördt]] * [[Horhausen (Nassau)|Horhausen]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Horhausen (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Höringen]] * [[Horn (Tergum Caninum)|Horn]] * [[Hornbacum Antiquum]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Althornbach'')</small> * [[Horperath]] * [[Horrweiler]] * [[Horschbach]] * [[Hörscheid]] * [[Hörschhausen]] * [[Hortus Apium in Campo]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilbingert'')</small> * [[Hortus Arborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bongard'')</small> * [[Hortus Lineus (Eiflia)|Hortus Lineus]]<ref name="Schweitzer 2002">Schweitzer, P. P. (2002). ''Altdeutscher Wortschatz: Ein erklärendes Wörterbuch der mittelhochdeutschen Sprache''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargarten'')</small> * [[Hortus Lintearius (Palatinatus)|Hortus Lintearius]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallgarten'')</small> * [[Hosten]] * [[Hottenbach]] * [[Hövels]] * [[Hübingen]] * [[Hüblingen]] * [[Hüffelsheim]] * [[Hüffler]] * [[Hümmel]] * [[Hümmerich]] * [[Hundsangen]] * [[Hundsbach]] * [[Hundsdorf (Occidentalis Silva)|Hundsdorf]] * [[Hunfridesvillare]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hefersweiler'')</small> * [[Hungenroth]] * [[Hunzel]] * [[Hupperath]] * [[Hütschenhausen]] * [[Hütten (Eiflia)|Hütten]] * [[Hütterscheid]] * [[Hüttingen an der Kyll]] * [[Hüttingen bei Lahr]] {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Idelberg]] * [[Idenheim]] * [[Idesheim]] * [[Igel (Mosel)|Igel]] * [[Ilbesheim (Donnersbergkreis)|Ilbesheim]] <small>(Donnersbergkreis)</small> * [[Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz]] * [[Illerich]] * [[Immerath]] * [[Immert]] * [[Immesheim]] * [[Impflingen]] * [[Imsbach]] * [[Imsweiler]] * [[Indago ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Apri]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebernhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Frisonum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenhagen'')</small> * [[Indago Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebhardshain'')</small> * [[Indago Hildonius-Mons Scillonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellenhahn-Schellenberg'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnweiler'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis|Circulo terrae Moguntiacensi et Bingensi]]<ref name="CTMEB">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mainz-Bingen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moguntiacensis-e" et "Bingensis-e" ad [[Moguntiacum]] et [[Binga]]m referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnheim'')</small> * [[Ingelbach]] * [[Ingendorf]] * [[Insheim]] * [[Insul]] * [[Ippenschied]] * [[Irmenach]] * [[Irmtraut]] * [[Irrel]] * [[Irrhausen]] * [[Irsch (bei Saarburg)|Irsch]] * [[Isenburg (Occidentalis Silva)|Isenburg]] * [[Isert]] * [[Isselbach]] {{div col end}} === J === {{div col|3}} * [[Jakobsweiler]] * [[Jeckenbach]] * [[Jettenbach (Pfalz)|Jettenbach]] * [[Jockgrim]] * [[Jucken (Gemeinde)|Jucken]] * [[Jugenheim in Rheinhessen]] * [[Jünkerath]] {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kaden]] * [[Kadenbach]] * [[Kaifenheim]] * [[Kail]] * [[Kalenborn (bei Altenahr)|Kalenborn]] <small>(bei Altenahr)</small> * [[Kalenborn (bei Kaisersesch)|Kalenborn]] <small>(bei Kaisersesch)</small> * [[Kalenborn-Scheuern]] * [[Kalkofen (Pfalz)|Kalkofen]] * [[Kallstadt]] * [[Kalt]] * [[Kaltenborn]] * [[Kaltenengers]] * [[Kaltenholzhausen]] * [[Kammerforst (Occidentalis Silva)|Kammerforst]] * [[Kamp-Bornhofen]] * [[Kanzem]] * [[Kapellen-Drusweiler]] * [[Kaperich]] * [[Kappel (Tergum Caninum)|Kappel]] * [[Kappeln (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Kappeln]] * [[Kapsweyer]] * [[Karbach (Tergum Caninum)|Karbach]] * [[Karl (Eiflia)|Karl]] * [[Karlshausen]] * [[Kasbach-Ohlenberg]] * [[Kaschenbach]] * [[Kasdorf]] * [[Kasel (bei Trier)|Kasel]] * [[Käshofen]] * [[Kastel-Staadt]] * [[Katzenbach (Donnersbergkreis)|Katzenbach]] * [[Katzweiler]] * [[Katzwinkel (Eiflia)|Katzwinkel]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Katzwinkel (Sieg)]] * [[Kausen]] * [[Kehlbach (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Kehlbach]] * [[Kehrig]] * [[Keidelheim]] * [[Kelberg]] * [[Kell am See]] * [[Kellenbach]] * [[Kemmenau]] * [[Kempenich]] * [[Kempfeld]] * [[Kenn]] * [[Keppeshausen]] * [[Kerben]] * [[Kerpen (Eiflia)]] * [[Kerschenbach (Eiflia)|Kerschenbach]] * [[Kerzenheim]] * [[Kescheid]] * [[Kesfeld]] * [[Kesseling]] * [[Kesten]] * [[Kestert]] * [[Kettenhausen]] * [[Kettenheim]] * [[Kettig]] * [[Kickeshausen]] * [[Kindenheim]] * [[Kinderbeuern]] * [[Kindsbach]] * [[Kinheim]] * [[Kinzenburg]] * [[Kirburg]] * [[Kircheib]] * [[Kirchheim an der Weinstraße]] * [[Kirchsahr]] * [[Kirchwald]] * [[Kirchweiler]] * [[Kirf]] * [[Kirrweiler (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Kirrweiler]] <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> * [[Kirrweiler (Pfalz)]] * [[Kirsbach]] * [[Kirschroth]] * [[Kirschweiler]] * [[Kisselbach]] * [[Klausen (Eiflia)|Klausen]] * [[Kleinbundenbach]] * [[Kleinfischlingen]] * [[Kleinich]] * [[Kleinkarlbach]] * [[Kleinlangenfeld]] * [[Kleinmaischeid]] * [[Kleinniedesheim]] * [[Kleinsteinhausen]] * [[Klein-Winternheim]] * [[Kliding]] * [[Klingelbach]] * [[Klingenmünster]] * [[Klosterkumbd]] * [[Klotten]] * [[Kludenbach]] * [[Klüsserath]] * [[Knittelsheim]] * [[Knopp-Labach]] * [[Knöringen]] * [[Kobern-Gondorf]] * [[Kölbingen]] * [[Kollig]] * [[Kollweiler]] * [[Kolverath]] * [[Kommen]] * [[Köngernheim]] * [[Königsau]] * [[Königsfeld (Eiflia)|Königsfeld]] * [[Konken]] * [[Kopp (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Kopp]] * [[Körborn]] * [[Kordel (Eiflia)|Kordel]] * [[Kördorf]] * [[Korlingen]] * [[Körperich]] * [[Korweiler]] * [[Kottenborn]] * [[Kottenheim]] * [[Kötterichen]] * [[Kottweiler-Schwanden]] * [[Köwerich]] * [[Koxhausen]] * [[Kraam]] * [[Kradenbach]] * [[Krähenberg]] * [[Kratzenburg]] * [[Krautscheid]] * [[Kreimbach-Kaulbach]] * [[Kretz]] * [[Krickenbach]] * [[Kriegsfeld]] * [[Kronweiler]] * [[Kroppach]] * [[Kröppen]] * [[Krottelbach]] * [[Kröv]] * [[Kruchten]] * [[Kruft]] * [[Krümmel (Occidentalis Silva)|Krümmel]] * [[Krummenau (Tergum Caninum)|Krummenau]] * [[Krunkel]] * [[Kuhardt]] * [[Kuhnhöfen]] * [[Külz (Tergum Caninum)]] * [[Kümbdchen]] * [[Kundert]] * [[Kurtscheid]] * [[Kyllburgweiler]] {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Lahr (Eiflia)|Lahr]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Lahr (Tergum Caninum)|Lahr]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Lambertsberg]] * [[Lambsborn]] * [[Lambsheim]] * [[Lampaden]] * [[Landkern]] * [[Landscheid]] * [[Langenbach bei Kirburg]] * [[Langenbach (Pfalz)|Langenbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Langenfeld (Eiflia)|Langenfeld]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Langenhahn]] * [[Langenlonsheim]] * [[Langenscheid]] * [[Langenthal (Tergum Caninum)|Langenthal]] * [[Langscheid (bei Mayen)|Langscheid]] * [[Langsur]] * [[Langweiler (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Langweiler]] <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> * [[Langweiler (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Langweiler]] <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> * [[Langwieden]] * [[Lascheid (Eiflia)|Lascheid]] * [[Lasel]] * [[Latitudo (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Latitudo]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breit'')</small> * [[Laubach (Eiflia)|Laubach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Laubach (Tergum Caninum)|Laubach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Laubenheim]] * [[Laudert]] * [[Laufeld]] * [[Laufersweiler]] * [[Laumersheim]] * [[Lauperath]] * [[Laurenburg]] * [[Lauschied]] * [[Lautersheim]] * [[Lautert]] * [[Lautzenbrücken]] * [[Lautzenhausen]] * [[Lehmen]] * [[Leidenborn]] * [[Leienkaul]] * [[Leimbach (bei Adenau)|Leimbach]] <small>(bei Adenau)</small> * [[Leimbach (bei Neuerburg)|Leimbach]] <small>(bei Neuerburg)</small> * [[Leimen (Pfalz)|Leimen]] * [[Leimersheim]] * [[Leiningen (Tergum Caninum)|Leiningen]] * [[Leinsweiler]] * [[Leisel]] * [[Leitzweiler]] * [[Leiwen]] * [[Lemberg (Pfalz)|Lemberg]] * [[Lettweiler]] * [[Leubsdorf (am Rhein)|Leubsdorf]] * [[Leuterod]] * [[Leutesdorf]] * [[Lichtenborn]] * [[Liebenscheid]] * [[Liebshausen]] * [[Lieg]] * [[Lierfeld]] * [[Lierschied]] * [[Liesenich]] * [[Lieser (Gemeinde)|Lieser]] * [[Ließem (Eiflia)|Ließem]] * [[Limbach (bei Kirn)|Limbach]] <small>(bei Kirn)</small> * [[Limbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Limbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Lind (bei Altenahr)|Lind]] <small>(bei Altenahr)</small> * [[Lind (bei Mayen)|Lind]] <small>(bei Mayen)</small> * [[Linden (Pfalz)|Linden]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Linden (Occidentalis Silva)|Linden]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Lindenberg (Pfalz)|Lindenberg]] * [[Lindenschied]] * [[Lingenfeld]] * [[Lingerhahn]] * [[Linkenbach]] * [[Lipporn]] * [[Lirstal]] * [[Lissendorf]] * [[Lochum]] * [[Locus Paludis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börrstadt''; [[Palatanice]] ''Berrschdadd'')</small> * [[Löf]] * [[Lohnsfeld]] * [[Lohnweiler]] * [[Lohrheim]] * [[Löllbach]] * [[Lollschied]] * [[Longen]] * [[Longkamp]] * [[Longuich]] * [[Longus Campus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Longus Campus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Lonnig]] * [[Lonsheim]] * [[Lorscheid]] * [[Lörzweiler]] * [[Lösnich]] * [[Lötzbeuren]] * [[Luckenbach]] * [[Lückenburg]] * [[Ludwigshöhe]] * [[Ludwigswinkel]] * [[Lug (Pfalz)|Lug]] * [[Lünebach]] * [[Lustadt]] * [[Lütz]] * [[Lutzerath]] * [[Lützkampen]] * [[Luxem]] * [[Lykershausen]] {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Macken]] * [[Mackenbach]] * [[Mackenrodt]] * [[Magnum Carlobachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkarlbach'')</small> * [[Magnum Fischlingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großfischlingen'')</small> * [[Magnum Liticium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Gruhssleehtchen'')</small> * [[Magnum Steinhusium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Mähren (Occidentalis Silva)|Mähren]] * [[Maikammer]] * [[Maisborn]] * [[Maischeidium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großmaischeid''; dialectaliter: ''Grußmäschd'' seu ''Mäschd'' seu ''Maischeid'')</small> * [[Maitzborn]] * [[Malberg (Eiflia)|Malberg]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Malberg (Occidentalis Silva)|Malberg]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Malbergweich]] * [[Malborn]] * [[Mammelzen]] * [[Mandel (Gemeinde)|Mandel]] * [[Mandern]] * [[Manderscheid (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Manderscheid]] <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> * [[Mannebach (bei Saarburg)|Mannebach]] <small>(bei Saarburg)</small> * [[Mannebach (Eiflia)|Mannebach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Mannweiler-Cölln]] * [[Manubach]] * [[Marienfels]] * [[Marienhausen]] * [[Marienrachdorf]] * [[Maring-Noviand]] * [[Marnheim]] * [[Maroth]] * [[Martinshöhe]] * [[Martinstein]] * [[Marzhausen (Westerwaldkreis)|Marzhausen]] * [[Masburg]] * [[Maßweiler]] * [[Mastershausen]] * [[Masthorn]] * [[Matzenbach]] * [[Matzerath]] * [[Mauchenheim]] * [[Mauden]] * [[Mauel]] * [[Mauschbach]] * [[Maxdorf]] * [[Maxsain]] * [[Mayschoß]] * [[Meckel]] * [[Meckenbach (prope Bircofeldam)|Meckenbach]] <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> * [[Meckenbach (bei Kirn)|Meckenbach]] <small>(bei Kirn)</small> * [[Meckenheim (Pfalz)|Meckenheim]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Medard (Glan)|Medard]] * [[Meddersheim]] * [[Meerfeld]] * [[Mehlbach]] * [[Mehlingen]] * [[Mehren (Eiflia)|Mehren]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Mehren (Occidentalis Silva)|Mehren]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Mehring (Mosel)|Mehring]] * [[Meinborn]] * [[Meisburg]] * [[Melsbach]] * [[Mengerschied]] * [[Menningen (an der Prüm)|Menningen]] * [[Merkelbach]] * [[Merlscheid (bei Pronsfeld)|Merlscheid]] * [[Mermuth]] * [[Merschbach]] * [[Mertesdorf]] * [[Mertesheim]] * [[Mertloch]] * [[Merxheim (Nahe)|Merxheim]] * [[Merzalben]] * [[Merzkirchen]] * [[Merzweiler]] * [[Mesenich]] * [[Messerich]] * [[Mettendorf (Eiflia)|Mettendorf]] * [[Mettenheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Mettenheim]] * [[Metterich]] * [[Mettweiler]] * [[Metzenhausen]] * [[Meudt]] * [[Meuspath]] * [[Michelbach (Tergum Caninum)|Michelbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Michelbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Miehlen]] * [[Miellen]] * [[Minden (Sauer)|Minden]] * [[Minderlittgen]] * [[Minfeld]] * [[Minheim]] * [[Misselberg]] * [[Mittelbrunn]] * [[Mittelfischbach]] * [[Mittelhof]] * [[Mittelreidenbach]] * [[Mittelstrimmig]] * [[Mogendorf]] * [[Mola Autumnalis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herbstmühle'')</small> * [[Molsberg]] * [[Mölsheim]] * [[Molzhain]] * [[Mommenheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Mommenheim]] * [[Monachorum Villa ad Glanam]]<ref name="Weber 2012">Weber, H. (2012). ''Glan-Münchweiler''. Regionalgeschichte.net.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glan-Münchweiler'')</small> * [[Monreal]] * [[Mons (Palatinatus)|Mons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (Taunus)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (prope Arvilare)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons Alachonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Alachonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Aureus (prope Bircofeldam)|Mons Aureus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gollenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Basii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Basberg'')</small> * [[Mons Battonis (Palatinatus)|Mons Battonis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Battenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Bilonis]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes (3ª ed.). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bölsberg''; dialectaliter ''Bilsbisch'' seu ''Bölsberisch'')</small> * [[Mons Bonus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Bonus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Busonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Coronae (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Coronae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cronenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Crampii]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cramberg'')</small> * [[Mons Dasonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dasburg'')</small> * [[Mons Didonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deimberg'')</small> * [[Mons Epponis (Eiflia)|Mons Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ethnicorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidenburg'')</small> * [[Mons Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etschberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fockilonis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991">Dolch, M., & Greule, A. (1991). ''Historisches Siedlungsnamenbuch der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Föckelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fuscus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Fuscus]]<ref name="Karp-Schreiber 1664">Karp-Schreiber, W. (1664). ''Chronica Braunebergensis: De vineis et uvis in Iuffer sitis''. Monte Fusco: Officina Domestica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauneberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gallonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Galenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gelenis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gelenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gisilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geiselberg'')</small> * [[Mons Heldonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heltersberg'')</small> * [[Mons Henrici (prope Kyrinam)|Mons Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenberg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häänzebersch'')</small> * [[Mons Hirci (Eiflia)|Mons Hirci]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boxberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lucidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Lucidus]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglicht'')</small> * [[Mons Ruborum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ruborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremberg'')</small> * [[Mons Sanctorum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sanctorum]] <small>(Theodisce ''Heilberscheid'')</small> * [[Mons Ululorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Ululorum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vallis (prope Cruciniacum)|Mons Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalberg'')</small> * [[Monsheim]] * [[Möntenich]] * [[Montes (prope Kyrinam)|Montes]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berje'')</small> * [[Monzelfeld]] * [[Monzernheim]] * [[Monzingen]] * [[Moritzheim]] * [[Mörlen]] * [[Mörsbach]] * [[Mörschbach]] * [[Morscheid]] * [[Morschheim]] * [[Mörschied]] * [[Mörsdorf (Tergum Caninum)|Mörsdorf]] * [[Mörsfeld]] * [[Morshausen]] * [[Mörstadt]] * [[Mosbruch]] * [[Moschheim]] * [[Moselkern]] * [[Mückeln]] * [[Müden (Mosel)]] * [[Mudenbach]] * [[Mudersbach]] * [[Mudershausen]] * [[Mühlpfad]] * [[Mülbach]] * [[Mülheim an der Mosel]] * [[Müllenbach (bei Adenau)|Müllenbach]] <small>(bei Adenau)</small> * [[Müllenbach (bei Mayen)|Müllenbach]] <small>(bei Mayen)</small> * [[Münchwald]] * [[Münchweiler am Klingbach]] * [[Münchweiler an der Alsenz]] * [[Münchweiler an der Rodalb]] * [[Mündersbach]] * [[Münk]] * [[Münsterappel]] * [[Münster-Sarmsheim]] * [[Mürlenbach]] * [[Müsch]] * [[Müschenbach]] * [[Musweiler]] * [[Mutterschied]] * [[Mützenich (bei Prüm)|Mützenich]] * [[Muxerath]] {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nachtsheim]] * [[Nack]] * [[Nackenheim]] * [[Nannhausen]] * [[Nanzdietschweiler]] * [[Nasingen]] * [[Nattenheim]] * [[Naunheim]] * [[Nauort]] * [[Nauroth]] * [[Naurath (Eiflia)]] * [[Naurath (Wald)]] * [[Neef]] * [[Nehren (Mosel)|Nehren]] * [[Neichen]] * [[Neidenbach]] * [[Neidenfels]] * [[Neitersen]] * [[Nentershausen (Occidentalis Silva)|Nentershausen]] * [[Nerdlen]] * [[Neroth]] * [[Nerzweiler]] * [[Netzbach]] * [[Neu-Bamberg]] * [[Neuburg am Rhein]] * [[Neuendorf (Eiflia)|Neuendorf]] * [[Neuerkirch]] * [[Neuhäusel]] * [[Neuheilenbach]] * [[Neuhemsbach]] * [[Neuhofen (Pfalz)|Neuhofen]] * [[Neuhütten (Silva Alta)|Neuhütten]] * [[Neuleiningen]] * [[Neumagen-Dhron]] * [[Neunkhausen]] * [[Neunkirchen am Potzberg]] * [[Neunkirchen (Tergum Caninum)|Neunkirchen]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Neunkirchen (Occidentalis Silva)|Neunkirchen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Neupotz]] * [[Neustadt/Westerwald]] * [[Neustadt (Wied)]] * [[Newel]] * [[Ney (Tergum Caninum)|Ney]] * [[Nickenich]] * [[Nidineshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niederahr]] * [[Niederalben]] * [[Niederbachheim]] * [[Niederbreitbach]] * [[Niederbrombach]] * [[Niederburg]] * [[Niederdreisbach]] * [[Niederdürenbach]] * [[Niederelbert]] * [[Niedererbach]] * [[Niederfell]] * [[Niederfischbach]] * [[Niederhambach]] * [[Niederhausen (Nahe)|Niederhausen]] <small>(Nahe)</small> * [[Niederhausen an der Appel]] * [[Niederheimbach]] * [[Nieder-Hilbersheim]] * [[Niederhofen]] * [[Niederhorbach]] * [[Niederhosenbach]] * [[Niederirsen]] * [[Niederkirchen (Westpfalz)|Niederkirchen]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim]] * [[Nieder Kostenz]] * [[Niederkumbd]] * [[Niederlauch]] * [[Niedermohr]] * [[Niedermoschel]] * [[Niederneisen]] * [[Niederöfflingen]] * [[Niederotterbach]] * [[Niederpierscheid]] * [[Niederraden]] * [[Niederroßbach]] * [[Niedersayn]] * [[Niederscheidweiler]] * [[Niederschlettenbach]] * [[Niedersohren]] * [[Niederstadtfeld]] * [[Niederstaufenbach]] * [[Niederstedem]] * [[Niedersteinebach]] * [[Niedert]] * [[Niedertiefenbach]] * [[Niederwallmenach]] * [[Niederwambach]] * [[Niederweiler (Eiflia)|Niederweiler]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Niederweiler (Tergum Caninum)|Niederweiler]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Niederweis]] * [[Niederwerth]] * [[Nieder-Wiesen]] * [[Niederwörresbach]] * [[Niederzissen]] * [[Niehl]] * [[Niersbach]] * [[Nievern]] * [[Nimshuscheid]] * [[Nimsreuland]] * [[Nister (Gemeinde)|Nister]] * [[Nisterau]] * [[Nisterberg]] * [[Nister-Möhrendorf]] * [[Nistertal]] * [[Nittel]] * [[Nitz]] * [[Nochern]] * [[Nohen]] * [[Nohn]] * [[Nomborn]] * [[Norath]] * [[Nordhofen]] * [[Norheim]] * [[Norken]] * [[Nörtershausen]] * [[Nothweiler]] * [[Novale Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berkoth'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis ad Vallemerodam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis prope Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Novale Bonii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Borod'')</small> * [[Novale Bononis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bönert'')</small> * [[Novale Candidum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blankenrath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Blanggad'')</small> * [[Novale Daconis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Datzeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Danckradi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dankerath'')</small> * [[Novale Diemundi]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Demerath'')</small> * [[Novale Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenrod'')</small> * [[Novale Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebroth'')</small> * [[Novale Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlert'')</small> * [[Novale Guntharii]]<ref name="Böhmer 1908">Böhmer, J. F. (1908). ''Regesta Imperii I. Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern 751-918'' (E. Mühlbacher & J. Lechner, Eds.). Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersweiler'')</small> * [[Novale Hanonis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanroth'')</small> * [[Novale Helmerici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenroth'')</small> * [[Novale Silvae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novale Silvae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardert'')</small> * [[Nünschweiler]] * [[Nürburg (Gemeinde)|Nürburg]] * [[Nusbaum]] * [[Nußbach (Pfalz)|Nußbach]] * [[Nußbaum]] {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberahr]] * [[Oberalben]] * [[Oberarnbach]] * [[Oberbachheim]] * [[Oberbettingen]] * [[Oberbillig]] * [[Oberbrombach]] * [[Oberdiebach]] * [[Oberdreis]] * [[Oberdürenbach]] * [[Oberehe-Stroheich]] * [[Oberelbert]] * [[Oberelz]] * [[Obererbach (bei Montabaur)|Obererbach]] <small>(bei Montabaur)</small> * [[Obererbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Oberfell]] * [[Oberfischbach]] * [[Ober-Flörsheim]] * [[Obergeckler]] * [[Oberhaid (Occidentalis Silva)|Oberhaid]] * [[Oberhambach]] * [[Oberhausen (bei Bad Bergzabern)|Oberhausen]] <small>(bei Bad Bergzabern)</small> * [[Oberhausen an der Appel]] * [[Oberhausen an der Nahe]] * [[Oberhausen bei Kirn]] * [[Oberheimbach]] * [[Ober-Hilbersheim]] * [[Oberhonnefeld-Gierend]] * [[Oberhosenbach]] * [[Oberirsen]] * [[Oberkail]] * [[Oberkirn]] * [[Ober Kostenz]] * [[Oberlahr]] * [[Oberlascheid]] * [[Oberlauch]] * [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)|Oberndorf]] * [[Oberneisen]] * [[Obernheim-Kirchenarnbach]] * [[Obernhof]] * [[Oberöfflingen]] * [[Ober-Olm]] * [[Oberotterbach]] * [[Oberpierscheid]] * [[Oberraden]] * [[Oberreidenbach]] * [[Oberrod]] * [[Oberroßbach]] * [[Oberscheidweiler]] * [[Oberschlettenbach]] * [[Obersimten]] * [[Oberstadtfeld]] * [[Oberstaufenbach]] * [[Oberstedem]] * [[Obersteinebach]] * [[Oberstreit]] * [[Obersülzen]] * [[Obertiefenbach (Taunus)|Obertiefenbach]] * [[Oberwallmenach]] * [[Oberwambach]] * [[Oberweiler (Eiflia)|Oberweiler]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Oberweiler im Tal]] * [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach]] * [[Oberweis]] * [[Oberwies]] * [[Oberwiesen]] * [[Oberwörresbach]] * [[Oberzissen]] * [[Obrigheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Ochtendung]] * [[Ockenfels]] * [[Ockenheim]] * [[Ockfen]] * [[Odenbach]] * [[Odernheim am Glan]] * [[Oelsberg]] * [[Offenbach an der Queich]] * [[Offenbach-Hundheim]] * [[Offenheim]] * [[Offstein]] * [[Ogilonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckenroth'')</small> * [[Ohlenhard]] * [[Ohlweiler]] * [[Ohmbach]] * [[Ollmuth]] * [[Olmscheid]] * [[Olsbrücken]] * [[Olsdorf (Eiflia)|Olsdorf]] * [[Ölsen]] * [[Olzheim]] * [[Onsdorf]] * [[Oppertshausen]] * [[Orbis]] * [[Orenhofen]] * [[Orfgen]] * [[Orlenbach]] * [[Ormont]] * [[Orsfeld]] * [[Osann-Monzel]] * [[Osburg]] * [[Ossinga (Palatinatus)|Ossinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essingen'')</small> * [[Osterspai]] * [[Othinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etgert'')</small> * [[Otterbach (Westpfalz)|Otterbach]] * [[Ottersheim]] * [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] * [[Otterstadt]] * [[Ötzingen]] * [[Otzweiler]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis)|Palus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887">Forcellini, Aeg. (1864-1887). ''Totius latinitatis lexicon''. Prati: Typis Aldinianis. </ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis|Circulo terrae Cochemiensi et Cellensi]]<ref name="CTCEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Cochem-Zell'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latinis toponymis "[[Cochemium]]" et "Cella" -ad quae gentilicia "Cochemiensis-e" et "Cellensis-e" respective referuntur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Filz'')</small> * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Palus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935">Wampach, C. (1935). ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien bis zur burgundischen Zeit''. St. Paulus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruch'')</small> * [[Palus Montis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Palus Montis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallschlag'')</small> * [[Palzem]] * [[Pantenburg]] * [[Panzweiler]] * [[Partenheim]] * [[Paschel]] * [[Pascua Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenhördt'')</small> * [[Patersberg]] * [[Peffingen]] * [[Pellingen]] * [[Pelm]] * [[Pendens Wizivilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hangen-Weisheim'')</small> * [[Perscheid]] * [[Petersberg (Pfalz)|Petersberg]] * [[Peterslahr]] * [[Peterswald-Löffelscheid]] * [[Petra Darstonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darstein'')</small> * [[Petra Franconum (Palatinatus)|Petra Franconum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim]] * [[Pfalzfeld]] * [[Pfeffelbach]] * [[Philippsheim]] * [[Pickließem]] * [[Piesport]] * [[Pillig]] * [[Pintesfeld]] * [[Pinus et Tilia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fohren-Linden'')</small> * [[Piscis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Piscis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fisch'')</small> * [[Pittenbach]] * [[Plaidt]] * [[Planities (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Planities]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flacht'')</small> * [[Plascheid]] * [[Platten (bei Wittlich)|Platten]] * [[Pleckhausen]] * [[Plein]] * [[Pleisweiler-Oberhofen]] * [[Pleitersheim]] * [[Pleizenhausen]] * [[Plütscheid]] * [[Pluwig]] * [[Pohl (Nassau)|Pohl]] * [[Pölich]] * [[Pommern (Mosel)|Pommern]] * [[Pomster]] * [[Pons (Palatinatus)|Pons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons (prope Birconfeldam)|Pons]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons Alaphotis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ahrbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Epternacensis]]<ref name="Camillus 1889">Camillus, W. (1889). ''Annales Epternacenses. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' (SS 13). [[Hannovera]]e: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Echternacherbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Glanae]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glanbrücken'')</small> * [[Porta (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Porta]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohr'')</small> * [[Portus Chattorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenport'')</small> * [[Pottum]] * [[Pracht]] * [[Prath]] * [[Pratum Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Pratum Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fagineum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geilnau'')</small> * [[Pratum Hanonis (Tergum Caninum)|Pratum Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häne'')</small> * [[Preischeid]] * [[Preist]] * [[Pronsfeld]] * [[Prümzurlay]] * [[Puderbach]] * [[Pünderich]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Queidersbach]] * [[Quercetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichen'')</small> * [[Quercirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichenbach'')</small> * [[Quiddelbach]] * [[Quirnbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Quirnbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] * [[Quirnheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Racksen]] * [[Ralingen]] * [[Ramberg (Pfalz)|Ramberg]] * [[Rammelsbach]] * [[Ramsen (Pfalz)|Ramsen]] * [[Ranschbach]] * [[Ransweiler]] * [[Rascheid]] * [[Rathskirchen]] * [[Rathsweiler]] * [[Ratzert]] * [[Raubach]] * [[Raumbach]] * [[Ravengiersburg]] * [[Raversbeuren]] * [[Rayerschied]] * [[Rech]] * [[Reckenroth]] * [[Reckershausen]] * [[Recurvum (Eiflia)|Recurvum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rehbach (bei Sobernheim)|Rehbach]] * [[Rehborn]] * [[Rehe (Occidentalis Silva)|Rehe]] * [[Rehweiler]] * [[Reich (Tergum Caninum)|Reich]] * [[Reichenbach (bei Baumholder)|Reichenbach]] * [[Reichenbach-Steegen]] * [[Reichenberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Reichenberg]] * [[Reichsthal]] * [[Reichweiler]] * [[Reidenhausen]] * [[Reifenberg]] * [[Reiferscheid]] * [[Reiff]] * [[Reiffelbach]] * [[Reifferscheid]] * [[Reil]] * [[Reimerath]] * [[Reinsfeld]] * [[Reipeldingen]] * [[Reipoltskirchen]] * [[Reitzenhain (Taunus)|Reitzenhain]] * [[Relsberg]] * [[Rengsdorf]] * [[Retterath]] * [[Rettersen]] * [[Rettershain]] * [[Rettert]] * [[Reudelsterz]] * [[Reuth (Eiflia)|Reuth]] * [[Rhaunen]] * [[Rheinbreitbach]] * [[Rheinbrohl]] * [[Rheinzabern]] * [[Rhodt unter Rietburg]] * [[Riedelberg]] * [[Rieden (Eiflia)|Rieden]] * [[Riegenroth]] * [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] * [[Riesweiler]] * [[Rimsberg]] * [[Rinnthal]] * [[Rinzenberg]] * [[Riol]] * [[Rittersdorf (Eiflia)|Rittersdorf]] * [[Rittersheim]] * [[Rivenich]] * [[Riveris]] * [[Rivuletus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grumbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Becheri (Palatinatus)|Rivulus Becheri]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Bedonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bedesbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Colli (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Colli]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Feronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fiersbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fluens]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flußbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Franconis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankelbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fraxineus (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rivulus Fraxineus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fringillarum et Villare Gerhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Finkenbach-Gersweiler'')</small> * [[Rivulus Gackonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gackenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Hagani]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Indaginis (prope Deciam)|Rivulus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Freisbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Caesaream Lutram)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium et Novale Superius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach-Oberraden'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium prope Danam]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Rivulus Viridis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Amplus (Palatinatus)|Rivus Amplus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Atzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etzbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Becheri prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Rivus Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birlenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bisonis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bottonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bottenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Rhenus]]" et "[[Tergum Caninum]]", vide {{Graesse}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Hunsrück'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Hunsrück'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Hunsrück'' et Рейн-Хунсрюк.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Burebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bundebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Caeruleus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blaubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Calidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Calidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Callbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Columbae]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Columbae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Haaselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dammarum (prope Bircofeldam)|Rivus Dammarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dambach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dedonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dedenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (ad Tabernas Montanas)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> (ad [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>) <small>(Theodisce ''Dierbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Circulus terrae Neowidensis)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis|Circulo terrae Neowidensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neowidensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuwied'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Neowidensis-e" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuwied'' vertit. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/maximilian-alexander-philipp-prinz-zu-wied-neuwied-/DE-2086/lido/57c92ef68392a6.35258846 ], ubi dicitur "(...) Sein Ma­nu­skript „Fau­na Neo­wi­den­sis“, 1847 voll­endet, ist die ers­te Re­gio­nal­fau­na für den Mit­tel­rhein. Die Ver­öf­fent­li­chung ein­zel­ner Er­kennt­nis­se über­ließ er je­doch an­de­ren, vor al­lem dem Neu­wie­der Apo­the­ker Franz Pe­ter Brahts (...)". Quo de Latino toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z'']</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Palatinatus)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dictilonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dichtelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dieschdelbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Domus (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deuselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Eridonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erdesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fundi]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fuscus (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Fuscus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Heisteri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heistenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hänsebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Hirundinis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Burgschwalbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lini]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913">Förstemann, E. (1913). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, III ed.). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harschbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Longus in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglangenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Novalis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Oneris]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bürdenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Pirorum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birnbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus (prope Vitelliacum)|Rivus Profundus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Purgans (Eiflia)|Rivus Purgans]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Saepti Vivi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Eiflia Australis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Eiflia Australi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Terra Bedensis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Terra Bedensi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Siccus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Siccus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrenbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Derrebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Spissus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Ursorum (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Rockeskyll]] * [[Rodder]] * [[Rödelhausen]] * [[Rodenbach (Westpfalz)|Rodenbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rodenbach bei Puderbach]] * [[Rödern (Tergum Caninum)|Rödern]] * [[Rodershausen]] * [[Rödersheim-Gronau]] * [[Roes]] * [[Röhl]] * [[Rohrbach (bei Baumholder)|Rohrbach]] <small>(bei Baumholder)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Tergum Caninum)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Pfalz)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Römerberg (Pfalz)|Römerberg]] * [[Rommersheim]] * [[Rorodt]] * [[Roschbach]] * [[Roscheid]] * [[Rosenheim (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Rosenheim]] * [[Rosenkopf]] * [[Roßbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Roßbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Roßbach (Wied)|Roßbach]] <small>(Wied)</small> * [[Rota Barwardi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barbelroth'')</small> * [[Rotenhain]] * [[Roth (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Roth]] <small>(Landkreis Altenkirchen)</small> * [[Roth (bei Stromberg)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Roth an der Our]] * [[Roth bei Prüm]] * [[Rothenbach]] * [[Rothselberg]] * [[Rötsweiler-Nockenthal]] * [[Rott (Occidentalis Silva)|Rott]] * [[Roxheim]] * [[Rüber]] * [[Rückeroth]] * [[Rückweiler]] * [[Rüdesheim (Nahe)|Rüdesheim]] * [[Rülzheim]] * [[Rumbach]] * [[Rümmelsheim]] * [[Rupes Abietum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannenfels'')</small> * [[Ruppach-Goldhausen]] * [[Ruppertsecken]] * [[Ruppertsberg]] * [[Ruppertshofen (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Ruppertshofen]] * [[Ruppertsweiler]] * [[Ruschberg]] * [[Rüscheid]] * [[Rüssingen]] * [[Ruthweiler]] * [[Rutsweiler am Glan]] * [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Saalstadt]] * [[Saeptum Vivum (Tergum Caninum)|Saeptum Vivum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hecken'')</small> * [[Saffig]] * [[Salm (Eiflia)|Salm]] * [[Salmtal]] * [[Saltus Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herforst'')</small> * [[Salz (Occidentalis Silva)|Salz]] * [[Salzburg (Occidentalis Silva)|Salzburg]] * [[Sankt Alban (Pfalz)|Sankt Alban]] * [[Sankt Aldegund]] * [[Sankt Johann (bei Mayen)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(bei Mayen)</small> * [[Sankt Johann (Hassia Rhenana)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Julian]] * [[Sankt Katharinen (prope Cruciniacum)|Sankt Katharinen]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Katharinen (Landkreis Neuwied)]] * [[Sankt Martin (Pfalz)|Sankt Martin]] * [[Sankt Sebastian (am Rhein)|Sankt Sebastian]] * [[Sankt Thomas (Eiflia)|Sankt Thomas]] * [[Sargenroth]] * [[Sarmersbach]] * [[Sassen (Eiflia)|Sassen]] * [[Sauerthal]] * [[Saulheim]] * [[Saxler]] * [[Saxum Balduini]]<ref name="Böhmer 1839">Böhmer, J. F. (1839). ''Regesta chronologico-diplomatica metropolitae Moguntinae: inde a primo archiepiscopo usque ad seculi decimi sexti finem''. F. Varrentrapp.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balduinstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Hattonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattgenstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hadsche'')</small> * [[Saxum Mallei (ad Rhenum)|Saxum Mallei]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hammerstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Scissum (Palatinatus)|Saxum Scissum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hääschde'')</small> * [[Saxum Ulmeum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elmstein'')</small> * [[Schalkenbach]] * [[Schalkenmehren]] * [[Schallodenbach]] * [[Schankweiler]] * [[Scharfbillig]] * [[Schauerberg]] * [[Schauren (bei Blankenrath)|Schauren]] <small>(bei Blankenrath)</small> * [[Schauren (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Schauren]] <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> * [[Scheibenhardt]] * [[Scheid (Eiflia)|Scheid]] * [[Scheidt (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Scheidt]] * [[Scheitenkorb]] * [[Schellweiler]] * [[Schenkelberg]] * [[Scheuerfeld]] * [[Scheuern]] * [[Schiersfeld]] * [[Schiesheim]] * [[Schillingen]] * [[Schindhard]] * [[Schladt]] * [[Schleich]] * [[Schleid (prope Bedense Castrum)|Schleid]] * [[Schlierschied]] * [[Schloßböckelheim]] * [[Schmalenberg]] * [[Schmidthachenbach]] * [[Schmißberg]] * [[Schmitshausen]] * [[Schmitt (Eiflia)|Schmitt]] * [[Schmittweiler]] * [[Schneckenhausen]] * [[Schneppenbach]] * [[Schnorbach]] * [[Schoden]] * [[Schömerich]] * [[Schönau (Pfalz)]] * [[Schönbach (Eiflia)|Schönbach]] * [[Schönberg (bei Thalfang)|Schönberg]] * [[Schönborn (Tergum Caninum)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Pfalz)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Schöndorf (an der Ruwer)|Schöndorf]] * [[Schöneberg (Tergum Caninum)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schöneberg (Occidentalis Silva)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Schönecken]] * [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] * [[Schopp]] * [[Schornsheim]] * [[Schuld (Ahr)|Schuld]] * [[Schüller]] * [[Schürdt]] * [[Schutz (Eiflia)|Schutz]] * [[Schutzbach]] * [[Schwabenheim an der Selz]] * [[Schwall (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Schwall]] * [[Schwanheim (Pfalz)|Schwanheim]] * [[Schwarzen]] * [[Schwarzenborn (Eiflia)|Schwarzenborn]] * [[Schwarzerden]] * [[Schwedelbach]] * [[Schwegenheim]] * [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]] * [[Schweighausen]] * [[Schweighofen]] * [[Schweinschied]] * [[Schweisweiler]] * [[Schweix]] * [[Schweppenhausen]] * [[Schwerbach]] * [[Schwirzheim]] * [[Schwollen]] * [[Seck]] * [[Seelbach (Nassau)|Seelbach]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Seelbach bei Hamm (Sieg)]] * [[Seelbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Seelen]] * [[Seesbach]] * [[Seffern]] * [[Sefferweich]] * [[Sehlem (Eiflia)|Sehlem]] * [[Seibersbach]] * [[Seifen (Occidentalis Silva)|Seifen]] * [[Seinsfeld]] * [[Seiwerath]] * [[Selbach (Sieg)]] * [[Selchenbach]] * [[Sellerich]] * [[Selzen]] * [[Sembach]] * [[Sengerich]] * [[Senheim]] * [[Senscheid]] * [[Sensweiler]] * [[Serrig]] * [[Sessenbach]] * [[Sessenhausen]] * [[Sevenig bei Neuerburg]] * [[Sevenig (Our)]] * [[Sicca Muschella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrmoschel'')</small> * [[Siebeldingen]] * [[Siebenbach]] * [[Siefersheim]] * [[Sien]] * [[Sienhachenbach]] * [[Sierscheid]] * [[Siershahn]] * [[Siesbach]] * [[Silva ad Paludem]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Forstmehren'')</small> * [[Silva Ardua (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Ardua]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardt''; dialectaliter ''Hoord'')</small> * [[Silva Fagina (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Fagina]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchholz'')</small> * [[Silva Pacis (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Pacis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedewald'')</small> * [[Silva Separata]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Griebelschied'')</small> * [[Silz (Pfalz)|Silz]] * [[Simmern (Occidentalis Silva)|Simmern]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Simmertal]] * [[Singhofen]] * [[Sinspelt]] * [[Sippersfeld]] * [[Sitters]] * [[Sohren]] * [[Sohrschied]] * [[Sommerau (an der Ruwer)|Sommerau]] * [[Sommerloch (prope Cruciniacum)|Sommerloch]] * [[Sonnenberg-Winnenberg]] * [[Sonnschied]] * [[Sörgenloch]] * [[Sörth]] * [[Sosberg]] * [[Spabrücken]] * [[Spall]] * [[Spangdahlem]] * [[Spanhemium]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgsponheim'')</small> * [[Spay]] * [[Spesenroth]] * [[Spessart (Brohltal)|Spessart]] * [[Spiesheim]] * [[Spinifex Mons]] <small>(Theodisce ''Dörnberg'')</small> * [[Spinifex Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorn-Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Spinosi Nemoris Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dornholzhausen'')</small> * [[Spirkelbach]] * [[Sponheim]] * [[Sprendlingen]] * [[Stadecken-Elsheim]] * [[Stadtkyll]] * [[Stahlberg]] * [[Stahlhofen (Occidentalis Silva)|Stahlhofen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Stahlhofen am Wiesensee]] * [[Standenbühl]] * [[Starkenburg (Mosel)|Starkenburg]] * [[Statio Danonis-Domus Scauerni]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannstadt-Schauernheim'')</small> * [[Staudernheim]] * [[Staudt]] * [[Stebach]] * [[Steffeln]] * [[Steimel]] * [[Steinalben]] * [[Steinbach (Tergum Caninum)|Steinbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Steinbach am Donnersberg]] * [[Steinbach am Glan]] * [[Stein-Bockenheim]] * [[Steinborn]] * [[Steinebach an der Wied]] * [[Steinebach/Sieg]] * [[Steineberg]] * [[Steinefrenz]] * [[Steinen (Occidentalis Silva)|Steinen]] * [[Steineroth]] * [[Steinfeld (Pfalz)|Steinfeld]] * [[Steiningen]] * [[Stein-Neukirch]] * [[Steinsberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Steinsberg]] * [[Steinweiler]] * [[Steinwenden]] * [[Stein-Wingert]] * [[Stelzenberg]] * [[Stetten (Pfalz)|Stetten]] * [[Stipshausen]] * [[Stockem (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Stockem]] * [[Stockhausen-Illfurth]] * [[Stockum-Püschen]] * [[Straßenhaus]] * [[Streithausen]] * [[Strickscheid]] * [[Strohn]] * [[Strotzbüsch]] * [[Strüth]] * [[Stürzelbach]] * [[Sülm]] * [[Sulzbach (Tergum Caninum)|Sulzbach]] <small>(bei Idar-Oberstein)</small> * [[Sulzbach (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Sulzbach]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Sulzheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Sulzheim]] {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Taben-Rodt]] * [[Talling]] * [[Tawern]] * [[Tellig]] * [[Temmels]] * [[Teschenmoschel]] * [[Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] * [[Thalfang]] * [[Thalhausen]] * [[Thallichtenberg]] * [[Theisbergstegen]] * [[Theodericenovale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörth'')</small> * [[Theoderici Separatio]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Quellen zunächst des Mosellandes'' (Vol. 1). Alphons Dürr.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericicella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsel'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa |Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Magniacensis-e" et "Confluentensis-e" ad urbes [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]] et [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ditscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidomium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dintesheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus et Coryletum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittelsheim-Heßloch'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Drase'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa]]" et "[[Vitelliacum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis'')</small> * [[Theodericifons et Pons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis-Brück'')</small> * [[Theodericifusum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dünfus''; dialectaliter Duenfusensice<ref name="Duenfusensice">Adverbium in gentilicio "Duenfusensis-e" fundatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> ''Dimmes'')</small> * [[Theodericinga]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dietrichingen'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Kreuznach'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cruciniacum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cruciniacensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrebach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae" -Theodisce ''Vulkaneifel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum toponymum "[[Eifla]]" Theodiscum lexema ''-eifel'' et Latinum adiectivum "[[Mons ignifer|vulcanicus-a-um]]" Theodiscum praefixum ''Vulkan-'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Duppach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisbach''; dialectaliter ''Draasbich'')</small> * [[Theodericisedes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Donsieders''; [[Palatanice]] ''Dunsiters'')</small> * [[Theodericistreia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dirmstein'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Theodericivilla]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörsdorf'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Theodericivilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dillendorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dilledoref'')</small> * [[Theodericocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Döttesfeld'')</small> * [[Theodericohardus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diethardt'')</small> * [[Theodericorivus (Palatinatus)|Theodericorivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Theodericovilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittweiler'')</small> * [[Thomae et Lamberti Villa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohm-Lammersdorf'')</small> * [[Thomm]] * [[Thörlingen]] * [[Thörnich]] * [[Thulinkircha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dielkirchen'')</small> * [[Thür]] * [[Tiefenbach (Tergum Caninum)|Tiefenbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Pfalz)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Hassia Rhenana)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Todenroth]] * [[Torrens Ursorum (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Torrens Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Traisen (Nahe)|Traisen]] * [[Trassem]] * [[Trechtingshausen]] * [[Treis-Karden]] * [[Tricampia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce 'Dreifelden''')</small> * [[Tricclesiae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreikirchen'')</small> * [[Trierscheid]] * [[Trierweiler]] * [[Trimbs]] * [[Trimport]] * [[Trippstadt]] * [[Trittenheim]] * [[Troneccum]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dhronecken'')</small> * [[Trulben]] {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Übereisenbach]] * [[Udenheim]] * [[Üdersdorf]] * [[Udilonis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989">Pokorny, J. (1959). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag; et: Pokorny, J. (1989). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eitelborn'')</small> * [[Udler]] * [[Uelversheim]] * [[Uersfeld]] * [[Ueß]] * [[Uhler]] * [[Ulmet]] * [[Uminis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eimsheim'')</small> * [[Undenheim]] * [[Uniclivium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einöllen'')</small> * [[Unicum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Unicum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einig'')</small> * [[Unkenbach]] * [[Unnau]] * [[Unterjeckenbach]] * [[Untershausen]] * [[Unzenberg]] * [[Uppershausen]] * [[Urbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Urbach]] * [[Urbar (bei Koblenz)|Urbar]] <small>(bei Koblenz)</small> * [[Urbar (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Urbar]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Urmersbach]] * [[Urmitz]] * [[Urschmitt]] * [[Ürzig]] * [[Usch (Eiflia)|Usch]] * [[Uterina Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eußerthal'')</small> * [[Utscheid]] * [[Üttfeld]] * [[Utzenhain]] * [[Utzerath]] * [[Üxheim]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vadum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vadum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürthen'')</small> * [[Vallemeroda]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fell''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Faähl'')</small> * [[Vallis Ampla (Tergum Caninum)|Vallis Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bränel'' seu ''Brään'l'')</small> * [[Vallis Bodonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Hassia Rhenana)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Guldeni]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guldental'')</small> * [[Vallis Henschi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henschtal'')</small> * [[Vallis Picta]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pontis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücktal'')</small> * [[Vallis Servitutis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienethal'')</small> * [[Valwig]] * [[Veitsrodt]] * [[Veldenz]] * [[Vendersheim]] * [[Venningen]] * [[Vettelschoß]] * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Vetus Lininga]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altleiningen'')</small> * [[Vicus Beronis (Eiflia)|Vicus Beronis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Bicilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bickelheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Episcopi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vicus Episcopi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bischofsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flamingorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flemlingen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flaronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fleringen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flonheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flori et Dagolfi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flörsheim-Dalsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Franzenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridinis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedelsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Frlsm'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frettenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Albam)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad Albam<ref name="BÄr 1891"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Saletionem)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletionem]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Framersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (Palatinatus)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frisonis (Hassia Rhenana)|Vicus Frisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gawirici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gauersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gaaschem'')</small> * [[Vicus Geisboti]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gabsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gundonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fußgönheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Hepponis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Heppenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberi Liubheris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frei-Laubersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Vicus Liberorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freilingen''; dialectaliter ''Frälinge'')</small> * [[Vicus Otarii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Odernheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Raconis Liber]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freirachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Fraerachdorw'')</small> * [[Vicus Waganis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Weinheim'')</small> * [[Vielbach]] * [[Vierherrenborn]] * [[Villa Ampla (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Baltrammi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bassonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bassenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Beconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bellonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bellem'')</small> * [[Villa Bermari]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim vor der Höhe'')</small> * [[Villa Bertolfi]]<ref name="Roth, Stolper & von Bechtolsheim 2007">Roth, M. T., Stolper, M. W., & von Bechtolsheim, P. (2007). ''Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2000''. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtolsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bettonis (Taunus)|Villa Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bibilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bickonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bieri]]<ref name="Kyll 1988">Kyll, T. (1988). ''Biersdorf - Eine kleine Chronik: Dorfgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Villae Bieri.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biersdorf am See'')</small> * [[Villa Bilca]]<ref name="Vogel 1843">Vogel, C. D. (1843). ''Beschreibung des Herzogthums Nassau''. [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Beyerle.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bilkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Billingi et Ingeni]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867">Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz''. [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]]: Tascher: et; Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der vormaligen Pfalz''. Verlag der J. J. Tascher'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Billigheim-Ingenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bizzirichi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bissersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bobonis (Palatinatus)|Villa Bobonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böbingen'')</small> * [[Villa Bocconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenheim an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bockrem'')</small> * [[Villa Bodonis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976">Kaufmann, H. (1976). ''Rheinhessische Ortsnamen''. Monaci: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bousonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bausendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Brachiti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brecht'')</small> * [[Villa Brachti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachtendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bubilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelnheim'')</small> * [[Villa Budonis (Eiflia)|Villa Budonis]]<ref name="">Meiller, A. von. (1866). ''Regesta archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium: Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe''. [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biesdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Comitis in Trogona]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gräfendhron'')</small> * [[Villa Crassa]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Deghonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dexheim'')</small> * [[Villa Dinonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienheim'')</small> * [[Villa Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßweiler'')</small> * [[Villa Feuzonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feusdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Filonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Lahn-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Lauganensis-e" ad flumina [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et [[Laugana]]m referuntur. De primo hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; de secundo, vide {{Murray}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Lahn'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Lahn'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Lano'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Lahn'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Lahn'' et Рейн-Лан.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornich'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Hassia Rhenana)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana">Vide [https://dn790008.ca.archive.org/0/items/a608058900schuuoft/a608058900schuuoft.pdf ''Status dioecesium catholicarum in Austria germanica''], ubi dicitur "Hassia rhenana (ubi jus francogallicum valet)".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Palatinatus)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Furnorum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Föhren'')</small> * [[Villa Hamulonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hemmelzen'')</small> * [[Villa Heisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heisdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Helmani]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmenzen'')</small> * [[Villa Palustris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fensdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Solitaria (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Solitaria]]<ref name="Böhmer 1870">Böhmer, J. F. (1870). ''Regesta Archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium''. Wagner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Einselthum''; [[Palatinice]] ''Oinseldumm'')</small> * [[Villa Vallis (prope Bedense Castrum)|Villa Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Eiflia)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Silva Alta)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in Silva Alta<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare Battonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Battweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bavonis (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Villare Bavonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis" -Theodisce ''Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Eiflensis-e" et "Bedensis-e" et "Prumiensis-e" ad [[Eifla]]m et "Bedense castrum" et "[[Prumia (monasterium)|Prumiam]]" referuntur. Omnibus de his toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Villare Belgicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belgweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellischwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Benzonis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Benzweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bensad'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Bemondulam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Stadt Baumholder"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Baumholder'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Kirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berschwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bruningis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breunigweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Brunonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dannonis-Rivus Dominicus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dennweiler-Frohnbach'')</small> * [[Villare Dassonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daxweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dintzonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienstweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Ericae]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Fartonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900">Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen''. [[Bonna]]e: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae, in Germania: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2). Nordhausen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Farschweiler''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Foaschweila'')</small> * [[Villare Fersconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ferschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gälwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Geronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehrweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Grawonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gaugrehweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Grehwiller'')</small> * [[Villare Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hennweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Herichi]]<ref> regionalgeschichte.net. (s.f.). ''Geschichte von Herchweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Husonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausweiler'')</small> * [[Villare in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Paludosum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bruchwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Ursi]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärweiler'')</small> * [[Vinningen]] * [[Virneburg]] * [[Völkersweiler]] * [[Volkerzen]] * [[Volkesfeld]] * [[Vollmersbach]] * [[Vollmersweiler]] * [[Volxheim]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Wachenheim (Pfrimm)|Wachenheim]] * [[Wagenhausen (Eiflia)|Wagenhausen]] * [[Wahlbach (Tergum Caninum)|Wahlbach]] * [[Wahlenau]] * [[Wahlheim]] * [[Wahlrod]] * [[Wahnwegen]] * [[Waigandshain]] * [[Waldalgesheim]] * [[Waldböckelheim]] (Theodisce ''Waldböckelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggelum'') * [[Waldbreitbach]] * [[Waldesch]] * [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] * [[Waldgrehweiler]] * [[Waldhambach (Pfalz)|Waldhambach]] * [[Waldhof-Falkenstein]] * [[Waldlaubersheim]] * [[Waldleiningen]] * [[Waldmühlen]] * [[Waldorf (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Waldorf]] * [[Waldrach]] * [[Waldrohrbach]] * [[Waldsee (Pfalz)|Waldsee]] * [[Waldweiler]] * [[Walhausen]] * [[Wallenborn]] * [[Wallendorf (Eiflia)|Wallendorf]] * [[Wallersheim (Eiflia)|Wallersheim]] * [[Wallertheim]] * [[Wallhalben]] * [[Wallhausen (prope Cruciniacum)|Wallhausen]] * [[Wallmenroth]] * [[Wallscheid]] * [[Walsdorf (Eiflia)|Walsdorf]] * [[Walshausen]] * [[Walsheim]] * [[Walterschen]] * [[Warmsroth]] * [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] * [[Wasenbach]] * [[Wassenach]] * [[Wasserliesch]] * [[Wattenheim]] * [[Watzerath]] * [[Wawern (Eiflia)|Wawern]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Wawern (Saar)|Wawern]] <small>(Saar)</small> * [[Waxweiler]] * [[Wehr (Eiflia)|Wehr]] * [[Weibern (Eiflia)|Weibern]] * [[Weiden (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Weiden]] * [[Weidenbach (Eiflia)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weidenbach (Taunus)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Weidenhahn]] * [[Weidenthal]] * [[Weidingen]] * [[Weiler (bei Mayen)|Weiler]] <small>(bei Mayen)</small> * [[Weiler (bei Ulmen)|Weiler]] <small>(bei Ulmen)</small> * [[Weiler bei Bingen]] * [[Weiler bei Monzingen]] * [[Weilerbach]] * [[Weinähr]] * [[Weingarten (Pfalz)]] * [[Weinolsheim]] * [[Weinsheim (prope Cruciniacum)|Weinsheim]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weinsheim (Eiflia)|Weinsheim]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weisel (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weisel]] * [[Weisenheim am Berg]] * [[Weisenheim am Sand]] * [[Weitefeld]] * [[Weitersbach]] * [[Weitersborn]] * [[Weitersburg]] * [[Weitersweiler]] * [[Welcherath]] * [[Welchweiler]] * [[Welgesheim]] * [[Welkenbach]] * [[Wellen (Mosel)|Wellen]] * [[Welling]] * [[Welschbillig]] * [[Welschenbach]] * [[Welschneudorf]] * [[Welterod]] * [[Weltersburg]] * [[Wendelsheim]] * [[Werkhausen]] * [[Wernersberg]] * [[Weroth]] * [[Wershofen]] * [[Weselberg]] * [[Westernohe]] * [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Westhofen]] * [[Wettlingen]] * [[Weyer (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weyer]] * [[Weyerbusch]] * [[Weyher in der Pfalz]] * [[Wickenrodt]] * [[Wiebelsheim]] * [[Wied (bei Hachenburg)|Wied]] * [[Wierschem]] * [[Wiersdorf (Eiflia)|Wiersdorf]] * [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)|Wiesbach]] * [[Wiesbaum]] * [[Wiesemscheid]] * [[Wiesweiler]] * [[Wilgartswiesen]] * [[Willingen (Occidentalis Silva)|Willingen]] * [[Willmenrod]] * [[Willroth]] * [[Willwerscheid]] * [[Wilsecker]] * [[Wiltingen]] * [[Wilzenberg-Hußweiler]] * [[Wimbach]] * [[Wincheringen]] * [[Winden (Nassau)|Winden]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Windesheim]] * [[Windhagen]] * [[Winkel (Eiflia)]] * [[Winkelbach]] * [[Winnen]] * [[Winnerath]] * [[Winningen]] * [[Winnweiler]] * [[Winringen]] * [[Winterbach (Pfalz)]] * [[Winterbach (Soonwald)|Winterbach]] <small>(Soonwald)</small> * [[Winterborn (Pfalz)|Winterborn]] * [[Winterburg]] * [[Winterscheid]] * [[Wintersheim]] * [[Winterspelt]] * [[Winterwerb]] * [[Wintrich]] * [[Wirft]] * [[Wirfus]] * [[Wirscheid]] * [[Wirschweiler]] * [[Wißmannsdorf]] * [[Wittgert]] * [[Woldert]] * [[Wölferlingen]] * [[Wolfsheim (Gemeinde)|Wolfsheim]] * [[Wolken (bei Koblenz)|Wolken]] * [[Wollmerath]] * [[Wöllstein]] * [[Wölmersen]] * [[Wolsfeld]] * [[Womrath]] * [[Wonsheim]] * [[Woppenroth]] * [[Würrich]] * [[Würzweiler]] * [[Wüschheim (Tergum Caninum)|Wüschheim]] {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zehnhausen bei Rennerod]] * [[Zehnhausen bei Wallmerod]] * [[Zeiskam]] * [[Zellertal]] * [[Zeltingen-Rachtig]] * [[Zemmer]] * [[Zendscheid]] * [[Zerf]] * [[Zettingen]] * [[Ziegenhain (Occidentalis Silva)|Ziegenhain]] * [[Zilshausen]] * [[Zimmerschied]] * [[Zornheim]] * [[Zotzenheim]] * [[Züsch]] * [[Zweifelscheid]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria: Urbes Rhenaniae-Palatinatus]] iw90gpdyhsg2l9ngmgi2jnmto1fd1es 0 324359 3957260 3955095 2026-04-27T15:25:13Z ~2026-25515-48 208594 investigatio critica 3957260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Iste mundus furibundus}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXIV reperitur.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25">{{Opus | titulus = De avaritia 1-25 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Iste mundus furibundus falsa prestat gaudia, Quia fluunt et decurrunt ceu campi lilia. Laus mundana, vita vana vera tollit premia, Nam impellit et submergit animas in tartara. Lex carnalis et mortalis valde transitoria Fugit, transit velut umbra, que non est corporea. Quod videmus vel tenemus in presenti patria, Dimittemus et perdemus quasi quercus folia. Fugiamus, contemnamus huius vite dulcia, Ne perdamus in futuro pretiosa munera! Conteramus, confringamus carnis desideria, Ut cum iustis et electis in celesti gloria Gratulari mereamur per eterna secula! Amen.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, auctor thema classicum ''contemptus mundi'' tractat, monens de vanitate rerum terrestrium et fragilitate vitae humanae. Mundus ipse "furibundus" describitur, qui solum gaudia falsa et fluxa praebere potest, quae sicut lilia agri celeriter decurrunt et marcescunt.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> Argumentum carminis ad pericula moralis vitae intendit: laus mundana et vita inanis veram beatitudinem auferunt, animas ad Tartara vel damnationem impellentes. Creator carminis adhibet similitudines biblicas et naturales, sicut umbram vel folia quercus caduca, ut demonstret omnia quae in hac "praesenti patria" tenemus mox amittenda esse.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In ultima parte, carmen adhortationem asceticam praebet. Poeta fideles urget ut dulcia huius vitae fugiant et desideria carnis confringant. Finis ultimus est meritum gloriae caelestis, ut homo inter iustos et electos in aeternum gratulari possit, mundanis rebus posthabitis.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen argumenta tractat quae ad ''fugam saeculi'' et ''contemptum mundi'' pertinent, quae sententiae in scholis medii aevi saepissime excolebantur. Auctor instabilitatem humanae condicionis extollit, res mundanas fragilitati comparans. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 242-243</ref> Imago liliorum agri, quae celeriter marcescunt et evanescunt, ex Evangelio secundum Matthaeum (VI, 28) hausta est, ubi dicitur lilia neque laborare neque nere; eadem metaphora brevitatem vitae exprimit, sicut apud Horatium invenitur, qui de "breve lilium" in suis carminibus iam scripserat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 242-243</ref> Lex carnis et necessitas moriendi in textu resonant, quae locutiones tum christianam doctrinam tum paganam sapientiam redolent. Nam scriptor videtur imitari verba Epistulae ad Hebraeos (VII, 16) de "lege mandati carnalis", necnon Senecae praecepta, qui in libris ''De ira'' de "lege mortalitatis" severo animo disputavit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 242-243</ref> Vita humana quasi umbra fugax describitur, quae nullo modo consistere potest. Haec comparatio directe ex libro Iob (XIV, 1-2) derivat, ubi homo flori ac umbrae similis dicitur, qui ortus statim conteritur et numquam in eodem statu permanet. Similis imago in libro Sapientiae (V, 9) quoque reperitur ad mundi vana demonstranda. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 242-243</ref> Denique similitudo hominum cum foliis quae ab arboribus decidunt vetustissimam traditionem sequitur. Hic autem auctor ad prophetiam Isaiae (I, 30) respicit, ubi peccatores quercubus foliis defluentibus comparantur, ad significandam dissolutionem omnium rerum terrestrium. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 242-243</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] aj33nwa9wokx1iv2vqsmdofps2a12d4 3957263 3957260 2026-04-27T15:28:38Z ~2026-25515-48 208594 /* Bibliographia */ 3957263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Iste mundus furibundus}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXIV reperitur.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25">{{Opus | titulus = De avaritia 1-25 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Iste mundus furibundus falsa prestat gaudia, Quia fluunt et decurrunt ceu campi lilia. Laus mundana, vita vana vera tollit premia, Nam impellit et submergit animas in tartara. Lex carnalis et mortalis valde transitoria Fugit, transit velut umbra, que non est corporea. Quod videmus vel tenemus in presenti patria, Dimittemus et perdemus quasi quercus folia. Fugiamus, contemnamus huius vite dulcia, Ne perdamus in futuro pretiosa munera! Conteramus, confringamus carnis desideria, Ut cum iustis et electis in celesti gloria Gratulari mereamur per eterna secula! Amen.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, auctor thema classicum ''contemptus mundi'' tractat, monens de vanitate rerum terrestrium et fragilitate vitae humanae. Mundus ipse "furibundus" describitur, qui solum gaudia falsa et fluxa praebere potest, quae sicut lilia agri celeriter decurrunt et marcescunt.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> Argumentum carminis ad pericula moralis vitae intendit: laus mundana et vita inanis veram beatitudinem auferunt, animas ad Tartara vel damnationem impellentes. Creator carminis adhibet similitudines biblicas et naturales, sicut umbram vel folia quercus caduca, ut demonstret omnia quae in hac "praesenti patria" tenemus mox amittenda esse.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In ultima parte, carmen adhortationem asceticam praebet. Poeta fideles urget ut dulcia huius vitae fugiant et desideria carnis confringant. Finis ultimus est meritum gloriae caelestis, ut homo inter iustos et electos in aeternum gratulari possit, mundanis rebus posthabitis.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen argumenta tractat quae ad ''fugam saeculi'' et ''contemptum mundi'' pertinent, quae sententiae in scholis medii aevi saepissime excolebantur. Auctor instabilitatem humanae condicionis extollit, res mundanas fragilitati comparans. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 242-243</ref> Imago liliorum agri, quae celeriter marcescunt et evanescunt, ex Evangelio secundum Matthaeum (VI, 28) hausta est, ubi dicitur lilia neque laborare neque nere; eadem metaphora brevitatem vitae exprimit, sicut apud Horatium invenitur, qui de "breve lilium" in suis carminibus iam scripserat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 242-243</ref> Lex carnis et necessitas moriendi in textu resonant, quae locutiones tum christianam doctrinam tum paganam sapientiam redolent. Nam scriptor videtur imitari verba Epistulae ad Hebraeos (VII, 16) de "lege mandati carnalis", necnon Senecae praecepta, qui in libris ''De ira'' de "lege mortalitatis" severo animo disputavit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 242-243</ref> Vita humana quasi umbra fugax describitur, quae nullo modo consistere potest. Haec comparatio directe ex libro Iob (XIV, 1-2) derivat, ubi homo flori ac umbrae similis dicitur, qui ortus statim conteritur et numquam in eodem statu permanet. Similis imago in libro Sapientiae (V, 9) quoque reperitur ad mundi vana demonstranda. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 242-243</ref> Denique similitudo hominum cum foliis quae ab arboribus decidunt vetustissimam traditionem sequitur. Hic autem auctor ad prophetiam Isaiae (I, 30) respicit, ubi peccatores quercubus foliis defluentibus comparantur, ad significandam dissolutionem omnium rerum terrestrium. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 242-243</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] fuh4nwrse8ykpsnxezgqz9b1mznj7ib 0 324368 3957261 3955100 2026-04-27T15:28:01Z ~2026-25515-48 208594 investigatio critica 3957261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Dum iuventus floruit}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXX reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 29-32 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo3.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Dum iuventus floruit, licuit et libuit facere, quod placuit, iuxta voluntatem currere, peragere carnis voluptatem. Amodo sic agere, vivere tam libere, talem vitam ducere viri vetat etas, perimit et eximit leges assuetas. Etas illa monuit, docuit, consuluit, sic et etas annuit: «nichil est exclusum!» omnia cum venia contulit ad usum. Volo resipiscere, linquere, corrigere, quod commisi temere; deinceps intendam seriis, pro vitiis virtutes rependam.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, cuius auctor [[Petrus Blesensis]] esse videtur, poeta de transitu a facilitate iuventutis ad severitatem maturitatis vel senectutis meditat. Initio carminis, memoria revocatur tempus praeteritum cum iuventus "floruit" et omnia vitia seu voluptates carnis non solum libebant, sed etiam secundum leges aetatis licebant. Haec aetas iuvenilis inducitur ut magistra quae "nihil exclusum" esse docebat, omnia ad usum et delectationem libere concedens.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> Argumentum deinde ad praesens vertitur, ubi status virilis iam non permittit pristinam vivendi licentiam. "Viri aetas" vetat eam libertatem qua antea fruebatur, veteres consuetudines legesque iuventutis perimens. Est igitur carmen morale de necessitate mutationis vitae, ubi impulsus carnis sub iugo rationis et aetatis gravioris cadere debent.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> In ultima parte, auctor propositum suum explicat: cupit "resipiscere", id est ad sanam mentem redire, et ea quae temere commisit corrigere. Haec conversio morum non est tantum negatio praeteriti, sed activa commutatio, qua poeta vitiis virtutes rependere vult, deinceps rebus seriis et honestis intendens. Carmen sic conclusionem ethicam praebet, typicam litteris paraeneticis medii aevi.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, inter annos MCLXX et MCLXXX compositum, Petro Blesensi plerumque attribuitur. In hoc textu auctor de moribus disputat, praesertim de necessitate qua vir aetate provectus sese ad virtutes Christianas colendas conferre debet. Argumentum igitur in eo vertitur, ut homo delicias mundanas lusingasque terrenas, quibus iuventus studere solet, posthabeat atque ad vitam spiritualem se convertat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 243</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] rw3gm9t3jab6echq4l1fjhwrqw65z1y 3957262 3957261 2026-04-27T15:28:22Z ~2026-25515-48 208594 /* Bibliographia */ 3957262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Dum iuventus floruit}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXX reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 29-32 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo3.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Dum iuventus floruit, licuit et libuit facere, quod placuit, iuxta voluntatem currere, peragere carnis voluptatem. Amodo sic agere, vivere tam libere, talem vitam ducere viri vetat etas, perimit et eximit leges assuetas. Etas illa monuit, docuit, consuluit, sic et etas annuit: «nichil est exclusum!» omnia cum venia contulit ad usum. Volo resipiscere, linquere, corrigere, quod commisi temere; deinceps intendam seriis, pro vitiis virtutes rependam.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, cuius auctor [[Petrus Blesensis]] esse videtur, poeta de transitu a facilitate iuventutis ad severitatem maturitatis vel senectutis meditat. Initio carminis, memoria revocatur tempus praeteritum cum iuventus "floruit" et omnia vitia seu voluptates carnis non solum libebant, sed etiam secundum leges aetatis licebant. Haec aetas iuvenilis inducitur ut magistra quae "nihil exclusum" esse docebat, omnia ad usum et delectationem libere concedens.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> Argumentum deinde ad praesens vertitur, ubi status virilis iam non permittit pristinam vivendi licentiam. "Viri aetas" vetat eam libertatem qua antea fruebatur, veteres consuetudines legesque iuventutis perimens. Est igitur carmen morale de necessitate mutationis vitae, ubi impulsus carnis sub iugo rationis et aetatis gravioris cadere debent.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> In ultima parte, auctor propositum suum explicat: cupit "resipiscere", id est ad sanam mentem redire, et ea quae temere commisit corrigere. Haec conversio morum non est tantum negatio praeteriti, sed activa commutatio, qua poeta vitiis virtutes rependere vult, deinceps rebus seriis et honestis intendens. Carmen sic conclusionem ethicam praebet, typicam litteris paraeneticis medii aevi.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-29-32" /> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, inter annos MCLXX et MCLXXX compositum, Petro Blesensi plerumque attribuitur. In hoc textu auctor de moribus disputat, praesertim de necessitate qua vir aetate provectus sese ad virtutes Christianas colendas conferre debet. Argumentum igitur in eo vertitur, ut homo delicias mundanas lusingasque terrenas, quibus iuventus studere solet, posthabeat atque ad vitam spiritualem se convertat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 243</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] jcg31h2z8yse3zm27oxpqoo69yuinnj 0 324385 3957264 3955137 2026-04-27T15:33:24Z ~2026-25515-48 208594 investigatio critica 3957264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Deduc Sion uberrimas}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXXIV reperitur.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45">{{Opus | titulus = De ammonitione prelatorum 33-45 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo4.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Deduc, Sion, uberrimas velut torrentem lacrimas! nam qui pro tuis patribus nati sunt tibi filii, quorum dedisti manibus tui sceptrum imperii, fures et furum socii turbato rerum ordine abutuntur regimine pastoralis officii. Ad corpus infirmitas capitis descendit, singulosque gravitas artus apprehendit, refrigescit karitas, nec iam se extendit ad amorem proximi; nam videmus opprimi pupilum a potente, nec est qui salvum faciat vel qui iustum eripiat ab impio premente. Vide, Deus ultionum, vide, videns omnia, quod spelunca vispillonum facta est Ecclesia, quod in templum Salomonis venit princeps Babylonis et excelsum sibi thronum posuit in medio! sed arrepto gladio scelus hoc ulciscere! veni, iudex gentium, cathedras vendentium columbas evertere!<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, [[Philippus Cancellarius|Philippo Cancellario]] attributum et in sectione morali positum, vehementem querimoniam contra corruptionem ecclesiasticam exprimit. Auctor lamentationem biblicam ad statum sui temporis convertit, arguens pastores Ecclesiae non iam custodes sed fures ac lupos factos esse, qui officio suo ad res mundanas abutuntur.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> In textu describitur quomodo "infirmitas capitis" (id est, vitia summorum moderatorum) ad totum corpus fidelium descendat, caritatem extinguens et potentibus sinens pauperes opprimere. Carmen denique invocationem ad Deum ut iustum iudicem dirigit, ut scelera vindicet et templum a mercatoribus purget, sicut Christus in [[Evangelium|Evangelio]] fecerat.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> == Investigatio critica == Scriptor huius carminis arguit spiritalem Ecclesiae deiectionem totius humani generis degenerationem attulisse, cui quidem non nisi divinum auxilium mederi possit. Lamentatio a propheta Hieronymo repetita (''Lam'' 2, 18 et ''Ier'' 14, 17) inducitur ut Sion effundat quasi torrentem lacrimas ad significandam communem maestitiam. Haec corruptio praecipue in principibus videtur, quos auctor secundum Isaiam (''Is'' 1, 23) perfidos et fures vocat, eo quod munera diligant et retributiones sequantur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 243-244</ref> Insuper in carmine thema "aegritudinis capitis" tractatur, quae imago apud scriptores morales medii aevi saepissime adhibetur ad Curiae Romanae vitia indicanda; talis morbus a summo vertice in totum Ecclesiae corpus diffunditur, membra debilitans et ad paralyseos speciem redigens. Haec condicio efficit ut potentes pauperes libere proculcent, iustitiam miseris negantes et iura humilium defraudantes, sicut iam prophetae denuntiaverant (''Is'' 10, 1-2). Postremo, cum mundus in iniquitate iaceat, poeta Deum ultionum (''Ps'' 93, 1) invocat, ut ipse iudex appareat et iustitiam restituat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 243-244</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 6ew47vrj2mo8n43ynvgo59p5b0j00cz 0 324390 3957265 3955106 2026-04-27T15:36:27Z ~2026-25515-48 208594 investigatio critica 3957265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|In huius mundi patria}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXXIX reperitur.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45">{{Opus | titulus = De ammonitione prelatorum 33-45 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo4.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1.In huius mundi patria regnat idolatria; ubique sunt venalia dona spiritalia. custodes sunt raptores atque lupi pastores, principes et reges subverterunt leges. hac incerta domo insanit omnis homo. sed ista cum vento transibunt in momento. 2.Lia placet lipposa, sed Rachel flet formosa, que diu manens sterilis ob immanitatem sceleris generat anicilla; nam Raab ancilla navem mundi mersit, discordia dispersit mortis seminaria, et mundi luminaria luminant obscure; pauci vivunt secure. 3.Doctores apostolici et iudices katholici quidam colunt Albinum et diligunt Rufinum, cessant iudicare et student devorare gregem sibi commissum; hi cadunt in abyssum. si cecus ducit cecum, in fossam cadit secum. hi tales subsannantur et infra castra cremantur. 4.Episcopi cornuti conticuere muti, ad predam sunt parati et indecenter coronati; pro virga ferunt lanceam, pro infula galeam, clipeum pro stola - hec mortis erit mola -, loricam pro alba - hec occasio calva -, pellem pro humerali pro ritu seculari. 5.Sicut fortes incedunt et a Deo discedunt, ut leones feroces et ut aquile veloces, ut apri frendentes exacuere dentes, linguas ut serpentes pugnare non valentes, mundo consentientes et tempus redimentes, quia dies sunt mali, iure imperiali. 6.Principes et abbates ceterique vates, ceteri doctores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iura deposuerunt, canones ac decreta. sicut scripsit propheta, Deum exacerbaverunt et Sanctum Israel blasphemaverunt. 7.Monachi sunt nigri et in regula sunt pigri, bene cucullati et male coronati. quidam sunt cani et sensibus profani. quidam sunt fratres et verentur ut patres. dicuntur Norpertini et non Augustini. in cano vestimento novo gaudent invento.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, in sectione moralium et satiricorum comprehensum, acerrimam criticam contra corruptionem ecclesiae et societatis saecularis saeculi XII exhibet. Auctor deplorat simoniam, ubi dona spiritualia venalia facti sunt, et mores praelatorum qui, vice pastorum, lupi rapaces facti sunt, leges divinas humanasque subvertentes.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> In textu personae biblicae (ut Lia, Rachel, et Raab) allegorice adhibentur ad statum mundi deflendis modis describendum. Notabilis est satira contra episcopos qui, habitum militarem pro ecclesiastico sumentes (lanceam pro virga, galeam pro infula), officia sacra neglegunt. Etiam monachi, nominatim Norpertini, de pigritia et mundanis novitatibus reprehenduntur, dum totus mundus in ruinam et chaos morale vergere videtur.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> ==Investigatio critica== Hoc carmen opus mixtum videtur, quod argumenta moralia cum dicacitate [[Satura|satyrica]] coniungit, dum monasticam [[Vanitas|vanitatis]] memoriam cum clerici urbani querelis de prava ecclesiae condicione permiscet.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 134, 135.</ref> Auctor acriter [[Simonia|simoniam]] et praelatorum vitia perstringit: episcopos enim "lupos pastores" nominat, qui munera ecclesiastica in mercaturam vertunt.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-p-135">{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 135.</ref> Textus non modo monastica [[Memento mori|fati inevitabilis]] admonitione distat ([[In huius mundi domo|CB 39a]]), sed etiam accurata praecepta de [[Missa|sacro ritu]] digne celebrando praebet, quibus sacerdos ad cordis munditiam hortatur.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-pp-135-137">{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 135, 137.</ref> Metaphora "mundi inversi" et ironia utitur ut demonstret quomodo pecuniae cultus veras virtutes subverterit.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-p-135" /> Personae biblicae pariter invocantur: [[Rachel]], quae scelera deflet, et [[Raab]], discordiae index, quibus perturbatio ordinis idealis significatur.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-pp-135-137" /> Denique carmen mentem [[Clericus vagus|clerici]] pauperis et severi refert, qui potentium casum deplorat et in ipso [[Imperium Romanum Sacrum|imperii]] dominatu causam moralis dissolutionis agnoscit.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 137, 138.</ref> == Investigatio critica == Scriptor, adhibitis variis [[Adynaton|adynatis]] atque sententiis e [[Biblia Sacra|Scripturis Sacris]] depromptis, plenam corruptionem institutorum spiritualium demonstrare conatur. Haec depravatio praecipue ab avaritia summorum ecclesiasticorum oriri videtur, qui, mandatorum evangelicorum obliti, ad terrena vitia prorsus convertuntur. Carmen, quod paulo post annum MCXX compositum esse videtur, argumenta polemica redolent quae propria erant libellorum tempore [[Controversia de investitura|controversiae de investitura]] scriptorum. Mundus ipse idololatriae ditioni subicitur, quae ex aviditate nascitur, sicut [[Paulus Tarsensis|Apostolus]] in [[Epistula ad Ephesios|Epistula ad Ephesios]] (V, 5) admonet. In hac temporaria christiani sede, omnia puncto temporis evanescunt, quod argumentum a verbis [[Iob (propheta)|Iob]] (XXXVII, 21) de luce repente nubibus obscurata repetitur.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 244-246</ref> In textu personae biblicae sicut [[Lia]] et [[Rachel]] inducuntur, quarum nomina tamquam exempla adynatorum in operibus moralibus ac satiricis saepe recurrunt. Quamvis Rachelis fecunditas in [[Liber Genesis|Libro Genesis]] (XXX, 22) memoretur, auctor de "immani scelere" loquitur, cuius vis non usquequaque liquet. Porro figura [[Raab]], meretricis quae nuntios [[Iosue (propheta)|Iosue]] in urbe [[Hiericho]] texit (Ios. II), hic sensu allegorico adhibetur. Si olim Raab fideri et Ecclesiae symbolum exstitit, nunc scriptor per eam demonstrat quomodo christiana societas tota in peius ruerit. Denique Ecclesia in "speluncam latronum" mutata describitur, ubi [[Iesus]] iterum cathedras vendentium columbas evertere debere videtur, sicut in [[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|Evangelio secundum Matthaeum]] (XXI, 12-13) et [[Evangelium secundum Marcum|Marcum]] narratur.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 244-246</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 31i1wrxd1w0pcopb7h90l4dvu936h2w 3957266 3957265 2026-04-27T15:36:40Z ~2026-25515-48 208594 investigatio critica 3957266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|In huius mundi patria}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXXIX reperitur.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45">{{Opus | titulus = De ammonitione prelatorum 33-45 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo4.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1.In huius mundi patria regnat idolatria; ubique sunt venalia dona spiritalia. custodes sunt raptores atque lupi pastores, principes et reges subverterunt leges. hac incerta domo insanit omnis homo. sed ista cum vento transibunt in momento. 2.Lia placet lipposa, sed Rachel flet formosa, que diu manens sterilis ob immanitatem sceleris generat anicilla; nam Raab ancilla navem mundi mersit, discordia dispersit mortis seminaria, et mundi luminaria luminant obscure; pauci vivunt secure. 3.Doctores apostolici et iudices katholici quidam colunt Albinum et diligunt Rufinum, cessant iudicare et student devorare gregem sibi commissum; hi cadunt in abyssum. si cecus ducit cecum, in fossam cadit secum. hi tales subsannantur et infra castra cremantur. 4.Episcopi cornuti conticuere muti, ad predam sunt parati et indecenter coronati; pro virga ferunt lanceam, pro infula galeam, clipeum pro stola - hec mortis erit mola -, loricam pro alba - hec occasio calva -, pellem pro humerali pro ritu seculari. 5.Sicut fortes incedunt et a Deo discedunt, ut leones feroces et ut aquile veloces, ut apri frendentes exacuere dentes, linguas ut serpentes pugnare non valentes, mundo consentientes et tempus redimentes, quia dies sunt mali, iure imperiali. 6.Principes et abbates ceterique vates, ceteri doctores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iura deposuerunt, canones ac decreta. sicut scripsit propheta, Deum exacerbaverunt et Sanctum Israel blasphemaverunt. 7.Monachi sunt nigri et in regula sunt pigri, bene cucullati et male coronati. quidam sunt cani et sensibus profani. quidam sunt fratres et verentur ut patres. dicuntur Norpertini et non Augustini. in cano vestimento novo gaudent invento.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, in sectione moralium et satiricorum comprehensum, acerrimam criticam contra corruptionem ecclesiae et societatis saecularis saeculi XII exhibet. Auctor deplorat simoniam, ubi dona spiritualia venalia facti sunt, et mores praelatorum qui, vice pastorum, lupi rapaces facti sunt, leges divinas humanasque subvertentes.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> In textu personae biblicae (ut Lia, Rachel, et Raab) allegorice adhibentur ad statum mundi deflendis modis describendum. Notabilis est satira contra episcopos qui, habitum militarem pro ecclesiastico sumentes (lanceam pro virga, galeam pro infula), officia sacra neglegunt. Etiam monachi, nominatim Norpertini, de pigritia et mundanis novitatibus reprehenduntur, dum totus mundus in ruinam et chaos morale vergere videtur.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> ==Investigatio critica== Hoc carmen opus mixtum videtur, quod argumenta moralia cum dicacitate [[Satura|satyrica]] coniungit, dum monasticam [[Vanitas|vanitatis]] memoriam cum clerici urbani querelis de prava ecclesiae condicione permiscet.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 134, 135.</ref> Auctor acriter [[Simonia|simoniam]] et praelatorum vitia perstringit: episcopos enim "lupos pastores" nominat, qui munera ecclesiastica in mercaturam vertunt.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-p-135">{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 135.</ref> Textus non modo monastica [[Memento mori|fati inevitabilis]] admonitione distat ([[In huius mundi domo|CB 39a]]), sed etiam accurata praecepta de [[Missa|sacro ritu]] digne celebrando praebet, quibus sacerdos ad cordis munditiam hortatur.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-pp-135-137">{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 135, 137.</ref> Metaphora "mundi inversi" et ironia utitur ut demonstret quomodo pecuniae cultus veras virtutes subverterit.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-p-135" /> Personae biblicae pariter invocantur: [[Rachel]], quae scelera deflet, et [[Raab]], discordiae index, quibus perturbatio ordinis idealis significatur.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-pp-135-137" /> Denique carmen mentem [[Clericus vagus|clerici]] pauperis et severi refert, qui potentium casum deplorat et in ipso [[Imperium Romanum Sacrum|imperii]] dominatu causam moralis dissolutionis agnoscit.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 137, 138.</ref> Scriptor, adhibitis variis [[Adynaton|adynatis]] atque sententiis e [[Biblia Sacra|Scripturis Sacris]] depromptis, plenam corruptionem institutorum spiritualium demonstrare conatur. Haec depravatio praecipue ab avaritia summorum ecclesiasticorum oriri videtur, qui, mandatorum evangelicorum obliti, ad terrena vitia prorsus convertuntur. Carmen, quod paulo post annum MCXX compositum esse videtur, argumenta polemica redolent quae propria erant libellorum tempore [[Controversia de investitura|controversiae de investitura]] scriptorum. Mundus ipse idololatriae ditioni subicitur, quae ex aviditate nascitur, sicut [[Paulus Tarsensis|Apostolus]] in [[Epistula ad Ephesios|Epistula ad Ephesios]] (V, 5) admonet. In hac temporaria christiani sede, omnia puncto temporis evanescunt, quod argumentum a verbis [[Iob (propheta)|Iob]] (XXXVII, 21) de luce repente nubibus obscurata repetitur.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 244-246</ref> In textu personae biblicae sicut [[Lia]] et [[Rachel]] inducuntur, quarum nomina tamquam exempla adynatorum in operibus moralibus ac satiricis saepe recurrunt. Quamvis Rachelis fecunditas in [[Liber Genesis|Libro Genesis]] (XXX, 22) memoretur, auctor de "immani scelere" loquitur, cuius vis non usquequaque liquet. Porro figura [[Raab]], meretricis quae nuntios [[Iosue (propheta)|Iosue]] in urbe [[Hiericho]] texit (Ios. II), hic sensu allegorico adhibetur. Si olim Raab fideri et Ecclesiae symbolum exstitit, nunc scriptor per eam demonstrat quomodo christiana societas tota in peius ruerit. Denique Ecclesia in "speluncam latronum" mutata describitur, ubi [[Iesus]] iterum cathedras vendentium columbas evertere debere videtur, sicut in [[Evangelium secundum Matthaeum|Evangelio secundum Matthaeum]] (XXI, 12-13) et [[Evangelium secundum Marcum|Marcum]] narratur.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 244-246</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 3zm0bkt7so44ytg9vp0ys3vbvjmkrr5 0 324404 3957269 3955112 2026-04-27T15:45:04Z ~2026-25515-48 208594 investigatio critica 3957269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Propter Sion non tacebo}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XLI reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 26-28 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo4.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Propter Sion non tacebo, sed ruinas Rome flebo, quousque iustitia rursus nobis oriatur et ut lampas accendatur iustus in ecclesia. Sedet vilis et in luto princeps facta sub tributo; quod solebam dicere: Romam esse derelictam, desolatam et afflictam, expertus sum opere. Vidi, vidi caput mundi, instar maris et profundi vorax guttur Siculi. ibi mundi bithalassus, ibi sorbet aurum Crassus et argentum seculi. Ibi latrat Scylla rapax et Charybdis auri capax potius quam navium; ibi cursus galearum et conflictus piratarum, id est cardinalium. Syrtes insunt huic profundo et Sirenes, toti mundo minantes naufragium. os humanum foris patet, in occulto cordis latet deforme demonium. Habes iuxta rationem bithalassum per Franconem; quod ne credas frivolum: ibi duplex mare fervet, a quo non est qui reservet sibi valens obolum. Ibi fluctus colliduntur, ibi panni submerguntur, byssus, ostrum, purpure; ibi mundus deglutitur, immo totus sepelitur in Franconis gutture. Franco nulli miseretur, nullum sexum reveretur, nulli parcit sanguini. omnes illi dona ferunt; illuc enim ascenderunt tribus, tribus Domini. Canes Scylle possunt dici veritatis inimici, advocati Curie, qui latrando falsa fingunt, mergunt simul et confringunt carinam pecunie. Iste probat se legistam, ille vero decretistam, inducens Gelasium; ad probandum questionem hic intendit actionem regundorum finium. Nunc rem sermo prosequatur: hic Charybdis debacchatur, id est cancellaria, ubi nemo gratus gratis neque datur absque datis Gratiani gratia. Plumbum, quod hic informatur, super aurum dominatur et massam argenteam; equitatis phantasia sedet teste Zacharia super bullam plumbeam. Qui sunt Syrtes vel Sirenes? qui sermone blando lenes attrahunt byzantium; spem pretendunt lenitatis, sed procella parcitatis supinant marsupium. Dulci cantu blandiuntur ut Sirenes, et loquuntur primo quedam dulcia: «Frare, ben je te cognosco, certe nichil a te posco, nam tu es de Francia. Terra vestra bene cepit et benigne nos excepit in portu concilii. nostri estis, nostri! cuius? sacrosancte sedis huius speciales filii. Nos peccata relaxamus et laxatos collocamus sedibus ethereis. nos habemus Petri leges ad ligandos omnes reges in manicis ferreis.» Ita dicunt cardinales, ita solent di carnales in primis allicere. sic instillant fel draconis, et in fine lectionis cogunt bursam vomere. Cardinales, ut predixi, novo iure Crucifixi vendunt patrimonium. Petrus foris, intus Nero, intus lupi, foris vero sicut agni ovium. Tales regunt Petri navem, tales habent eius clavem, ligandi potentiam. hi nos docent, sed indocti, hi nos docent, et nox nocti indicat scientiam. In galea sedet una mundi lues inportuna, camelos deglutiens. involuta canopeo cuncta vorat sicut leo rapiens et rugiens. Hic piratis principatur, Spurius qui nuncupatur, sedens in insidiis, ventre grosso, lata cute, grande monstrum nec virtute redemptum a vitiis. Maris huius non est dea Thetis, mater Achillea, de qua sepe legimus, immo mater sterlingorum, sancta soror loculorum, quam nos Bursam dicimus. Hec dum pregnat, ductor ratis epulatur cum piratis et amicos reperit; nam si Bursa detumescit, surgunt venti, mare crescit, et carina deperit. Tunc occurrunt cautes rati, donec omnes sint privati tam nummis quam vestibus. tunc securus fit viator, quia nudus, et cantator it coram latronibus. Qui sunt cautes? ianitores, per quos, licet seviores tigribus et beluis, intrat saccus ere plenus, pauper autem et egenus tollitur a ianuis. Quod si verum placet scribi, duo tantum portus ibi, due tantum insule, ad quas licet applicari et iacturam reparari confracte navicule. Petrus enim Papiensis, qui electus est Meldensis, portus recte dicitur. nam cum mare fluctus tollit, ipse solus mare mollit, et ad ipsum fugitur. Est et ibi maior portus, fetus ager, florens ortus, pietatis balsamum: Alexander ille meus, meus, inquam, cui det Deus paradisi thalamum. Ille fovet litteratos, cunctos malis incurvatos, si posset, erigeret. verus esset cultor Dei, nisi latus Elisei Giezi corrumperet. Sed ne rursus in hoc mari me contingat naufragari, dictis finem faciam, quia, dum securus eo, ne submergar, ori meo posui custodiam.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen satira est acerrima, a [[Gualterius de Castillione|Gualterio de Castillione]] composita, quae corruptionem [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]] et [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae]] saeculo XII exeunte deplorat. Auctor metaphoris maritimis et mythologicis utitur (ut [[Scylla]], [[Charybdis]], et [[Sirenes]]) ad describendam avaritiam [[Cardinalia|cardinalium]] et officialium ecclesiasticorum, quos "piratas" et "canes" nominat, qui aurum argentumque totius mundi devorant.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> In hoc contextu, [[Roma]] non iam caput sanctitatis sed "ruina" et vorago videtur, ubi [[Simonia|simonia]] regnat et ubi iustitia venditur. Tamen, in fine carminis, poeta paucos viros probos laudat, sicut Petrum Papiensem et [[Alexander III|Alexandrum III]] papam, qui velut portus salutis in mari vitiorum habentur, quamvis malitia subalternorum (sicut in figura [[Gezi]]) etiam eorum bona opera corrumpere possit.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> ==Investigatio critica== ''Propter Sion non tacebo'', a Galtero de Castellione inter annos 1171 et 1175 compositum, acerrimam praebet rursus corruptionem venalitatemque Curiae Romanae satiram, pro evangelica puritate idealis Hierosolymae vindicatam. Propter invectivarum asperitatem, hoc opusculum Medio Aevo maximam consecutum est famam, usque ad Reformationis Protestantium aetatem saepius repetitum. Textus incipit ritu querelae de spiritali Romae occasu, deinde per allegoricas imagines procedit, quas auctor ipse directo explicat, simili modo ac in aliis carminibus (v.g. carmen 123) videtur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 246-250</ref> Auctor, vocibus [[Apocalypsis Iohannis|apocalypticis]] et propheticis utens, [[Roma]]m olim mundi caput nunc gulam voracem describit, quae aurum et argentum inexplebiliter haurit.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-p-144">{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 144.</ref> Ad vitia curialium exprobranda [[Mythologia Graeca|mythologicae]] imagines adhibentur: advocati namque cum [[Scylla (monstrum)|Scyllae]] canibus comparantur, dum papalis cancellaria quasi [[Charybdis]] depingitur, ubi nihil nisi pretio dato conceditur.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-pp-144-145">{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 144, 145.</ref> Argumentum ad res gestas illius aetatis spectat, praesertim ad [[Schisma ecclesiae|schisma]] post mortem [[Hadrianus IV|Hadriani IV]] ortum et ad concilia sub [[Alexander III (papa)|Alexandro III]] inter annos [[1171]] et [[1175]] habita.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-p-145">{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 145.</ref> Quamvis acriter in morem curialium invehatur, carmen inter [[Papa|Pontificem Maximum]] (quem litteratorum patronum iudicat) et ministros corruptos aperte distinguit.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-p-146">{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 146.</ref> Denique auctor dolet Ecclesiam in quandam machinam oeconomicam mutatam esse, ubi [[Ius canonicum|ius decretalium]] in locum gratiae successit et legalis ratiocinatio ipsam [[Theologia|theologiam]] vicit.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-pp-147-148">{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 147, 148.</ref> In primis partibus, Galterus verba Isaiae Prophetae (LXII, 1) resumit ut suum silentium de Sion Hierosolymaque neget, donec iustitia splendeat. Roma autem, olim populosa et gentium domina, nunc sola et tributaria iacet, sicut in Lamentationibus (I, 1) et apud Baruch (IV, 12) legitur, ubi civitas peccatis filiorum desolata ploratur. Auctor affirmat se coram vidisse quae antea cecinerat: post iter Romanum, Galterus veritatem suarum satirarum ipse comprobavit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 246-250</ref> Ut sollemnior fiat oratio, poeta propheticis formulis utitur ("Vidi, vidi"), quibus corruptionem describit quasi vortices et monstra marina. Scylla et Charybdis, ex [[Ovidius|Ovidii]] ''Metamorphosibus'' (XIII, 730-732) sumptae, advocatos et cancellariam papalem significant, dum Syrtes et Sirenes cardinalium vitia adumbrant. In hoc caeno morali, Marcus Licinius Crassus inexplebilem avaritiam personat, cuius in os aurum fusum esse dicitur, sicut Florus rettulit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 246-250</ref> Satira deinde ad personas sui temporis vertitur: Francus quidam, regis [[Alexander III (papa)|Alexandri III]] cubicularius, et alii curiae magistri parodice timentur. Galterus parodiam facit de Psalmis (CXXI, 4) et de evangelico Petri primatu (Mt XVI, 18-19), arguens potestatem ligandi et solvendi nunc in violentiam et vindictam versam esse. Mentio fit Gelasii et Gratiani: si ille decretis disciplinam statuerat, hic ius canonicum in ''Decreto'' ordinaverat, sed eorum opera nunc ab advocatis ad iniquitatem detorquentur, quasi "vanum iustitiae phantasma". <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 246-250</ref> Historici eventus schismatis inter Alexandrum III et Victorem IV (1159-1177) quoque tanguntur. Galterus, qui Alexandro III favet, Romanam curiam lupos rapaces sub ovina pelle (Mt VII, 15) vocat, et ecclesiam sicut navem Petri describit quae, proterversa lege, camelos glutit et culices colat. Apparent etiam figurae ut Petrus de Pavia et Spurius quidam (fortasse Callistus III antipapa), dum mundus depingitur ubi nullis virtutibus a vitiis redimi licet, sicut [[Iuvenalis]] olim monuerat. Ad extremum, auctor, ritu Psalmistae (XXXVIII, 2), frenum ori suo ponere vult, ne lingua delincat dum impius coram eo consistit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 246-250</ref> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] t0dzcn4ie7d5huqr2j1c5yhotk4pjk9 0 324405 3957274 3955122 2026-04-27T15:53:35Z ~2026-25515-48 208594 investigatio critica 3957274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Utar contra vitia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XLII reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 26-28 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo4.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Utar contra vitia carmine rebelli. mel proponunt alii, fel supponunt melli, pectus subest ferreum deaurate pelli et leonis spolium induunt aselli. Disputat cum animo facies rebellis, mel ab ore profluit, mens est plena fellis; non est totum melleum, quod est instar mellis, facies est alia pectoris quam pellis. Vitium in opere, virtus est in ore, tegunt picem animi niveo colore, membra dolent singula capitis dolore et radici consonat ramus in sapore. Roma mundi caput est, sed nil capit mundum, quod pendet a capite, totum est immundum; trahit enim vitium primum in secundum, et de fundo redolet, quod est iuxta fundum. Roma capit singulos et res singulorum, Romanorum curia non est nisi forum. ibi sunt venalia iura senatorum, et solvit contraria copia nummorum. In hoc consistorio si quis causam regat suam vel alterius, hoc inprimis legat: nisi det pecuniam, Roma totum negat; qui plus dat pecunie, melius allegat. Romani capitulum habent in decretis, ut petentes audiant manibus repletis. dabis, aut non dabitur, petunt, quando petis, qua mensura seminas, et eadem metis. Munus et petitio currunt passu pari, opereris munere, si vis operari; Tullium ne timeas, si velit causari: Nummus eloquentia gaudet singolari. Nummis in hac curia non est qui non vacet; crux placet, rotunditas et albedo placet; et cum totum placeat et Romanos placet, ubi nummus loquitur, et lex omnis tacet. Si quo grandi munere bene pascas manum, frustra quis obiceret vel Iustinianum vel Sanctorum canones, quia tamquam vanum transeunt has paleas et imbursant granum. Solam avaritiam Rome nevit Parca: parcit danti munera, parco non est parca, nummus est pro numine et pro Marco marca, et est minus celebris ara quam sit arca. Cum ad papam veneris, habe pro constanti: non est locus pauperi, soli favet danti, vel si munus prestitum non sit aliquanti, respondet: «hec tibia non est michi tanti.» Papa, si rem tangimus, nomen habet a re: quicquid habent alii, solus vult papare, vel si verbum gallicum vis apocopare, «paies! paies!» dist li mot, si vis impetrare. Porta querit, chartula querit, bulla querit, papa querit, etiam cardinalis querit, omnes querunt, et si des - si quid uni deerit, totum mare salsum est, tota causa perit. Das istis, das aliis, addis dona datis, et cum satis dederis, querunt ultra satis; o vos burse turgide, Romam veniatis: Rome viget physica bursis constipatis. Predantur marsupium singuli paulatim, magna, maior, maxima preda fit gradatim. quid irem per singula? colligam summatim: omnes bursam strangulant, et exspirat statim. Bursa tamen Tityi iecur imitatur: fugit res, ut redeat, perit, ut nascatur. et hoc pacto loculum Roma depredatur, ut, cum totum dederit, totus impleatur. Redeunt a curia capite cornuto; ima tenet Iupiter, celum habet Pluto, et accedit dignitas animali bruto tamquam gemma stercori vel pictura luto. Divites divitibus dant, ut sumant ibi, et occurrunt munera relative sibi. lex est ista celebris, quam fecerunt scribi: «Si tu michi dederis, ego dabo tibi.»<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen satiriсum, celeberrimo poëtae [[Gualterius de Castillione|Gualterio de Castillione]] adscriptum, acerrimam reprehensionem [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]] et avaritiae ecclesiasticae exhibet. Auctor, utens metaphoris animalium et medicinae, describit quomodo hypocrisis et simonia in urbe [[Roma|Roma]] dominentur, ubi species externa virtutis interiorem corruptionem tegit.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> Argumentum praecipue in potestatem pecuniae (personificatae ut ''Nummus'') vertitur, quae leges, canones [[Iustinianus I|Iustiniani]] et iustitiam ipsam superat. Per ludos verborum (sicut etymologia popularis vocabuli "Papa" a manducando o "papare") et allusiones ad [[Marcus (evangelista)|Marcum]] argenteum, poëta deplorat statum Ecclesiae, ubi pauperes excluduntur et sola munera aditum ad gratiam apostolicam patefaciunt.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, quod [[Gualterus de Castellione]] aut saltem eius schola composuisse videtur, acerrimam praebet denuntiationem contra avaritiam venalitatemque [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]]. Auctor argumentis utitur ex fabulis antiquis haustis, clericos asinis comparans qui leonina pelle se induunt; quae imago, iam ab [[Aesopus|Aesopo]] (†267) tradita et ab [[Avianus|Aviano]] repetita, hypocrisiam denotat eorum quorum vultus a corde discrepat. Haec simulatio verba [[Sallustius|Sallustii]] in ''[[De Catilinae coniuratione]]'' (X, 5) plane resonat, ubi scriptor antiquus dicit ambitionem homines falsos fieri cogere et aliud clausum in pectore, aliud in lingua promptum habere. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 250-252</ref> In carmine totum corpus ecclesiasticum morbo laborare videtur, nam sicut in aliis carminibus (v.g. CB 34, 2) legitur, omnia membra ex capitis dolore patiuntur. Similitudo biblica de radice et ramis ex [[Epistula ad Romanos]] (XI, 16) hic invertitur ad statum corruptionis describendum: si enim radix immunda est, rami quoque vitio inquinantur, sicut postea etiam [[Laurentius Valla]] in opere ''De falso credita et ementita Constantini donatione'' (XXIX, 94) confirmavit. Critica haec ad parodiam iuris et evangelii procedit, ubi mandata divina ad pecuniam vertuntur: sententiae biblicae de mensura reddenda (Lc VI, 38) et de seminante qui metit (II Cor IX, 6) usurpantur ut significent solum eum audiri qui plenis manibus supplicet. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 250-252</ref> Eloquentia antiqua, cuius symbolum est [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero]], coram pecuniae vi tacet; secundum sententiam ex [[Liber Ecclesiasticus|Ecclesiastico]] (XIII, 28) desumptam, divite loquente omnes silere coguntur. Iudices vero, qui [[Corpus Iuris Civilis]] [[Iustinianus I|Iustiniani]] sequi deberent, leges tamquam paleam inutilem neglegunt, triticum iustitiae spernentes. Poeta ludis verbis utitur ad corruptionem ecclesiae demonstrandam, praeferens marcas (monetam Germanicam) sancto Marco, et etymologiam facetam vocis "papa" fingens. Fatum hominum non iam a [[Parcae|Parcis]] antiquis regi videtur, sed a metallis pretiosis. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 250-252</ref> Denique conditio mundi per inversionem valorum describitur: per ''adynaton'' quoddam, [[Iuppiter]] in tartaro clauditur dum [[Pluto (deus)|Pluto]] — qui saepe cum Plutu, deo divitiarum, confunditur — in caelo regnat. Reditus a Curia non cum gloria sed cum "cornibus" (quae deum [[Mithras|Mithram]] revocant) fingitur, et res sacrae foedantur sicut margaritae ante porcos missae vel tabulae pictae in luto iacentes. Omnia haec sub regula parodica "do ut des" concluduntur, ubi promissio evangelica "date et dabitur vobis" in merum commercium mutatur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 250-252</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] ngxmxktcmrg0vwabus5vm1psahczhpg 0 324407 3957385 3955115 2026-04-28T08:45:51Z ~2026-25874-54 208624 investigatio critica 3957385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|In illo tempore}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XLIV reperitur.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45">{{Opus | titulus = De ammonitione prelatorum 33-45 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo4.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| In illo tempore: dixit papa Romanis: «Cum venerit filius hominis ad sedem maiestatis nostre, primum dicite: ‹Amice, ad quid venisti?› At ille si perseveraverit pulsans nil dans vobis, eicite eum in tenebras exteriores.» Factum est autem, ut quidam pauper clericus veniret ad curiam domini pape, et exclamavit dicens: «Miseremini mei saltem vos, hostiarii pape, quia manus paupertatis tetigit me. Ego vero egenus et pauper sum, ideo peto, ut subveniatis calamitati et miserie mee.» Illi autem audientes indignati sunt valde et dixerunt: «Amice, paupertas tua tecum sit in perditione. Vade retro, satanas, quia non sapis ea, que sapiunt nummi. Amen, amen, dico tibi: non intrabis in gaudium domini tui, donec dederis novissimum quadrantem.» Pauper vero abiit et vendidit pallium et tunicam et universa que habuit et dedit cardinalibus et hostiariis et camerariis. At illi dixerunt: «Et hoc quid est inter tantos?» Et eiecerunt eum ante fores, et egressus foras flevit amare et non habens consolationem. Postea venit ad curiam quidam clericus dives, incrassatus, impinguatus, dilatatus, qui propter seditionem fecerat homicidium. Hic primo dedit hostiario, secundo camerario, tertio cardinalibus. At illi arbitrati sunt inter eos, quod essent plus accepturi. Audiens autem dominus papa cardinales et ministros plurima dona a clerico accepisse, infirmatus est usque ad mortem. Dives vero misit sibi electuarium aureum et argenteum, et statim sanatus est. Tunc dominus papa ad se vocavit cardinales et ministros et dixit eis: «Fratres, videte, ne aliquis vos seducat inanibus verbis. Exemplum enim do vobis, ut, quemadmodum ego capio, ita et vos capiatis.»<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, quod "Evangelium secundum Marcas Argenti" inscribi solet, acerbam parodiam textuum [[Novum Testamentum|Novi Testamenti]] adhibet ad vitium [[Simonia|simoniae]] et avaritiae in [[Curia Romana]] vituperandum. In hoc textu, verba [[Iesus|Iesu]] et Sanctorum Evangeliorum ad pecuniae cultum detorquentur: pauper clericus, opibus carens, a sede papali crudeliter repellitur, dum peccator dives et homicida, muneribus largitis, gratiam et sanitatem papae statim adipiscitur.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> Auctor satiricus stilum biblicum imitatur ut demonstret quomodo in aula pontificali non virtus sed nummus dominetur. Papa ipse, personam Christi agens sed contraria docens, ministros hortatur ut dona capiant, sic nexum inter potestatem ecclesiasticam et corruptionem pecuniariam sub specie sacra deridens.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> ==Investigatio critica== ''In illo tempore'' est clara evangeliorum parodia prosa scripta, qua sermo sacer ad mores curiae Romanae pecunia corruptos transfertur <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 153.</ref>. Narratio clericum quendam egenum inducit, quem [[papa|pontifex]] [[cardinalis|cardinalesque]] reiciunt; contra, homicidam divitem, qui munera large profundit, summis honoribus recipiunt <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 153, 154.</ref>. Vis satirica in plena auctoritatis biblicae inversione vertitur: pontifex ipse cum [[Iudas Iscariotes|Iuda]] comparatur, ministri vero eius cum [[Giezi]] assimilantur <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 157.</ref>. Praecepta evangelica de dando et petendo in minas ad pecuniam extorquendam convertuntur <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 157, 158.</ref>. Hoc carmen efficitur satira acerba contra cupiditatem papae et curiae Romanae, quae sub specie parodiae evangelicae per centonem locorum biblicorum contexitur. Textus scilicet non solum mores ecclesiasticos reprehendit, sed ipsa verba Sacrae Scripturae adhibet ut avaritiam vultusque duplices Romanae sedis patefaciat. Argumentum fingit pontificem Romanis praecipientem ut neminem recipiant nisi pecuniosum, immo in tenebras exteriores mittant eos qui nihil offerant. Narratio deinde de paupere clerico procedit, qui, cum auxilium et misericordiam ab ostiariis papae imploravisset, contemptu et contumeliis reicitur. Clericus, ut in curiam admittatur, omnia bona sua vendere cogitur, sed pecunia tradita cardinalibus et ministris, ab eis ut parva despicitur, unde ille eiectus amare flet. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 253</ref> Hoc opus non rudem blasphemiam, sed subtilem cultum litteratum praebet, quem solum homines Scripturarum peritissimi intellegere poterant <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, p. 155.</ref>. Fabula exitum habet dramaticum: papa, morbo correptus, ope auri argentique mirum in modum sanatur; mox cardinales hortatur ut in rapinis systematicis perseverent <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 154, 157.</ref>. Carmen inter summos [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] aculeos de curia habetur, quod ordinis moralis caritatisque dissolutionem aperte demonstrat <ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 159, 160.</ref>. Econtra, dives quidam clericus et corpore pinguis, licet homicidii crimine pollutus, ad curiam accedit muneraque copiosa ostiariis ac cardinalibus largitur. Haec largitio usque ad ipsum papam pervenit, qui, cum primum aegrotare videretur ob nimiam avaritiam, statim "medicina" ex auro et argento confecta sanatur. In fine huius parodiae, pontifex cardinales monet ut caveant a verbis inanibus et suum exemplum sequantur, non in virtute sed in accipiendis donis, ita ut officium pastorale in merum quaestum pecuniarium convertatur. Haec structura litteraria, quae verba Christi ad usum pecuniae detorquet, severam perstringit criticam de statu morali ecclesiae illius aetatis. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 253</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] bkj942w9pczek7gouhu9qh4bl07ctvz 0 324408 3957386 3955121 2026-04-28T08:48:15Z ~2026-25874-54 208624 investigatio critica 3957386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Roma tenens morem}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XLV reperitur.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45">{{Opus | titulus = De ammonitione prelatorum 33-45 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo4.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| I.Roma, tenens morem nondum satiata priorem Donas donanti, parcis tibi participanti; Sed miser immunis censetur, eum quia punis. «Accipe» «sume» «cape» tria sunt gratissima pape; «Nil do» «nil presto» nequeunt succurrere mesto. Non est Romanis cure legatus inanis. Si dederis marcas et eis impleveris arcas, Pena solveris, quacumque ligatus haberis. Ergo non nosco, quamvis cognoscere posco, In quo papalis res distet et imperialis: Rex capit argentum, marcarum milia centum; Et facit illud idem paparum curia pridem. Rex capit audenter, sed domnus papa latenter. Ergo pari pena rapientes sic aliena Condemnabuntur, quia Simonis acta secuntur. II.Curia Romana non curat ovem sine lana. III.Roma manus rodit, quos rodere non valet, odit.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen ad numerum XLV pertinet et in sectione [[Satira|satirica]] codicis positum est, ubi auctor avaritiam [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]] acriter reprehendit. Textus exprimit opinionem goliardicam secundum quam [[Roma]] solum divites recipit et beneficia ecclesiastica nummis vendit, dum pauperes vel "immunes" a gratia excluduntur. Auctor praeterea comparationem instituit inter potestatem papalem et imperialem, arguens utrumque dominum pecuniam rapere, licet alter audenter et alter latenter hoc faciat.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> In fine carminis, mentio fit de [[Simonia|simonia]], id est vitio emendi vendendique res spirituales, et poena divina rapacibus minatur. Breves versus finales (II et III) proverbii modo explicant Curiam non curare "ovem sine lana" (id est hominem sine pecunia) et Romam eos odisse quos corrumpere non valet.<ref name="de-ammonitione-prelatorum-33-45"/> == Investigatio critica == Hic cantus acrem reprehensionem in cupiditatem corruptionemque Curiae Romanae intendit, ubi auctor singulari modo pontificem imperatoremque comparat. Utraque potestas maxima eodem vitio avaritiae innectitur et manifestae simoniae arguitur, qua re ordo moralis prorsus evertitur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 253-254</ref> Argumentum praecipue verba evangelica secundum Lucam (VI, 38) "Date, et vobis dabitur" per parodiam invertit, ut praeceptum caritatis in nudum commercium commutetur. Quae corruptio sacrorum mentes ad scelus [[Simon Magus|Simonis Magi]] revocat, prout in [[Actus Apostolorum|Actibus Apostolorum]] (VIII, 18-24) narratur, atque in aliis carminibus huius corporis litterarii simili vi damnatur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 253-254</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] ohrcasob3ej160m2iwp2gqqeu44xyb3 0 324411 3957387 3955118 2026-04-28T08:50:35Z ~2026-25874-54 208624 investigatio critica 3957387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Curritur ad vocem}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XLVIIa reperitur.<ref name="de-cruce-signatis-46-55">{{Opus | titulus = De cruce signatis 46-55 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo5.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Curritur ad vocem nummi vel ad sonitum; hec est vox ad placitum. omnes ultra debitum, ut exempla docent, nitimur in vetitum. disce morem et errorem, fac et tu similiter! hac in vita nichil vita, vive sic, non aliter! cleri vivas ad mensuram, qui pro censu dat censuram. quando iacis in capturam rete, messem vides iam maturam; et tu saltem per usuram mete! 2.Si quis in hoc artem populo non noverit, per quam mundus vixerit, omnia cum viderit, eligat hanc partem aut nichil decreverit: quod vis, aude dolo, fraude, mos gerendus Thaidi. mundo gere morem, vere nil vitandum credidi. legi nichil sit astrictum, iuri nichil sit addictum! sanciatur hoc edictum tibi. ubi virtus est delictum, Deo nichil est relictum ibi.<ref name="de-cruce-signatis-46-55"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, in sectione moralium et satiricorum digestum, acerbam criticam contra cupiditatem et corruptelam socialis ordinis exprimit. Auctor modum vivendi describit ubi pecunia (nummus) omnia regit et ubi homines, spretis legibus divinis et humanis, in vetitum nituntur. Per ironiam, poeta lectorem hortatur ut hunc mundanum errorem sequatur, dolis et fraude utatur, atque Thaidis (personae meretriciae) morem gerat, cum in tali societate virtus ipsa vitium habeatur.<ref name="de-cruce-signatis-46-55"/> Argumentum praecipue in corruptionem cleri intendit, qui "pro censu dat censuram," indicans quomodo potestas spiritualis ad quaestum pecuniarium detorta sit. Carmen sic mundum depingit ubi, excluso Deo et iustitia, sola utilitas et usura dominantur, finem moralem totius societatis denuntians.<ref name="de-cruce-signatis-46-55"/> == Investigatio critica == Hic cantus thema quod dicitur "triumphus nummi" retractat, sub specie ironicae cohortationis ad avaritiam colendam, mundi pravos mores atque praecipue cleri vitia sequendo. Poeta mundanam nequitiam describit, sed tantum in versu extremo impietatem talis vitae palam denuntiat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 254</ref> In carmine plures loci biblici et classici in parodiam vertuntur. Sententia de Curia Romana, quae "oves sine lana" non vult, late percrebruit usque ad aetatem Reformationis. Auctor praeterea ad versus [[Ovidius|Ovidii]] alludit, praesertim ad illud ''Amores'' (III, 4, 17): "Nitimur in vetitum semper cupimusque negata". Etiam evangelicus locus secundum [[Evangelium secundum Lucam|Lucam]] (V, 4) de retibus laxandis hic ad captandam pecuniam detorquetur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 254</ref> Ironia mox ad [[Ars amatoria|Artem amatoriam]] spectat, cum initium illius operis ("Si quis in hoc artem populo non novit amandi") ad novum contextum satiricum flectatur. Mentionem quoque invenimus [[Thais (meretrix)|Thaidis]], cuius nomen e comoediis [[Terentius|Terentii]] et carminibus Ovidianis haustum est; quae figura hic velut symbolum luxuriae et lasciviae apparet, sicut in aliis carminibus huius collectionis fieri solet. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 254</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 37eerglrjvhwu47o8pf43bh1y2cjwnt 0 324434 3957399 3955194 2026-04-28T10:55:16Z ~2026-25952-62 208630 investigatio critica 3957399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Ianus annum circinat}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LVI reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 56-70 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1.Ianus annum circinat, ver estatem nuntiat calcat Phebus ungula, dum in Taurum flectitur, Arietis repagula. Refl.Amor cuncta superat, Amor dura terebrat. 2.Procul sint omnia tristia! dulcia gaudia sollemnizent Veneris gymnasia! decet iocundari, quos militare contigit Dioneo lari. Refl.Amor cuncta superat, Amor dura terebrat. 3.Dum alumnus Palladis Cytheree scolam introissem, inter multas bene cultas vidi unam solam facie Tyndaridi ac Veneri secundam, plenam elegantie et magis pudibundam. Refl.Amor cuncta superat, Amor dura terebrat. 4.Differentem omnibus amo differenter. novus ignis in me furit et adurit indeficienter. nulla magis nobilis, habilis, pulchra vel amabilis, nulla minus mobilis, instabilis, infronita reperitur vel fide mutabilis. eius letum vivere est meum delectari. diligi si merear, hoc meum est beari. Refl.Vincit Amor omnia, regit Amor omnia. 5.Parce, puer, puero! fave, Venus, tenero, ignem movens, ignem fovens, ne mori sit, quod vixero, nec sit ut Daphnes Phebo, cui me ipsum dedo! olim tiro Palladis nunc tuo iuri cedo. Refl.Vincit Amor omnia, regit Amor omnia.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est primum in sectione amatoria codicis et celebrat transitionem temporum, a mense Iano usque ad veris adventum, cum sol in signum Tauri ingreditur. Poeta mythologicis imaginibus utitur (Phebus, Venus, Pallas) ad describendam experientiam goliardi qui, olim studiis deditus, nunc militia amoris capitur. Argumentum praecipue vertitur circa invictam potentiam Cupidinis et pulchritudinem cuiusdam puellae quae Veneri ipsi comparatur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> Stylus rhythmicus et usus resonantiae (velut in versu "Amor cuncta superat") typicus est poesis clericorum vagantium, ubi sacrum et profanum, studium et voluptas iuvenilis inter se miscentur. Carmen finitur precibus ad Venerem et puerum Cupidinem directis, ut amantis passioni faveant, reiectis studiis palladiis pro iure dioneo.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, elato stilo compositum, elementis astronomicis ac mythologicis exornatur ad amorem celebrandum. Prima stropha per elaboratam metaphoram adventum verni temporis describit: Sol enim Arietis fines perrumpit, quod argumentum auctor ex Ovidii Metamorphoseon libris haurit, ubi Phoebi equi repagula pulsant. Haec astronomica descriptio non solum temporis mutationem indicat, sed scaenam parat ad amorem canendum, qui ritu paene sollemni inducitur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 261</ref> Argumentum praecipuum in motivo ''militiae amoris'' vertitur, quod cum goliardico more litterarum studii deserendi coniungitur. Cum aestas appropinquat, discipuli Palladis artes neglegunt ut Veneris imperio obsequantur. Hic transitus e vita contemplativa ad activam amatoriamque per poeticas imagines exprimitur, ubi tristitia depellitur et gaudium verno tempore ortum dominatur. In textu clarum resonat carmen refrain, quod celeberrimum Vergilii versum ex Bucolicis sumptum (''Omnia vincit Amor'') aemulatur, amorem ut vim invictam universi ostendens. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 261</ref> Militia ipsa, quae in secunda parte Carminum Buranorum saepius occurrit, ex christiana notione ''militiae Christi'' ad profanos usus flectitur, Ovidianam sententiam sequens, qua amor species quaedam servitii militaris habetur. In extrema parte carminis, invocatio ad Venerem et Cupidinem intenditur, ubi mythologicae figurae, sicut Daphne a Phoebo amata et in laurum mutata, adhibentur ad impetum desiderii et difficultates amantium demonstrandas. Ita carmen traditionem classicam cum sensibilitate medievali mediaevali commiscet, feminam laudans et deorum auxilium ad cordis vulnera sananda implorans. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] snz9sfoeb1tt5tgrh0paz5vezxlg2gf 0 324458 3957400 3955488 2026-04-28T10:56:59Z ~2026-25952-62 208630 investigatio critica 3957400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXI reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 56-70 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1a.Siquem Pieridum ditavit contio, nulli Teïorum aptetur otio par Phebi cithare sum in verno nectare. 1b.Cui pre cunctis virginum obedio, † vita me potest alere vel mortis tedio. † sed decus hoc intimum mavult potissimum. 1c.Terminum vidit brume desolatio; gaudent funditus in florum exordio, qui norunt Cypridem, plaudentes eidem. 1d.Nunquam tanti cordis fui, pro Iupiter! de spe Venerea, opinor; iugiter me vita fertilis alit et spes habilis. 2a.Me risu linea regit virginea; nunc ergo tinea meroris pellitur, dolor avellitur, tremor percellitur. 2b.Cui tanta claritas ac mira caritas, fecunda largitas semper et undique arrident utique, hanc opto denique. 3.Ne miretur ducis tante quis sublimitatem, que me verbi vi prestante doctum reddit plus quam ante, stillans largitatem! 4a.O decora super ora belli Absalonis et non talis, ut mortalis sis conditionis! 4b.Michi soli, virgo, noli esse refragata! queso finem, ut reclinem a re desperata. 5.Tuum prestolor nuntium: dele merorem conscium, mundani decus iubaris, o verecunda Tyndaris! 6a.Apollo mire vinctus est Peneide respecta; sic meus amor tinctus est re veteri deiecta. 6b.Magnetem verum iterat virgo mire perfecta, attractu crebro superat me gratia directa. 6c.Miranda de Priamide rememorantur gesta, qui militavit floride; sed squalent mea festa. 7.Florenti desolatio non esset conturbatio; sed mea plus tremit ratio, † quam Dionea sit dilatio. quid facio? 8a.Gratia, solacia donato menti languide, mea dos, amorum flos, morigerata vivide! 8b.Amantum lis, te, quicquid vis, da laudi bene placide! nil tibi par, electe lar letitie fervide. 9a.Te visa primitus exarsi penitus; proinde gemitus durat perenniter. tu deme leniter illatum duriter! 9b.† Hec est dira sors, nec durior est mors. num mee vite sors stat ritu prospero? quam soli confero, repugnat tenero! 10.Huic me corde flagrante nosco intricatum, cuius nutu me versante et ad votum conspirante me fero beatum. 11a.Aptiorem, dulciorem nollem reperire, quam elegi, mee legi si dat subvenire. 11b.Plus amarem, plus optarem sui verbi dona, quam si mundi † vi iocundi fungerer corona. 12.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13a.Sed primum exaltandus est risus clarificatus, a quo Iovis secundus est, michi significatus. 13b.Effectum si non invenit, ut me velit amare, pie rogo, quod convenit: me queat tolerare. 13c.Sed si nos, Discordia, tuo more disponis, mutabo iam primordia mee professionis. 14.Ergo, nitidior sidere, respice, si me vis vivere! nam flores constat emergere; tuo me solatum federe da ludere!<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est longa et elaborata poesis amatoria, in qua [[poeta]] dotes amatae celebrat et suum [[dolor]]em ob [[amor]]em exprimit. Textus incipit cum{{dubsig}} invocatione ad [[Musae|Pierides]] et [[Apollo|Phoebum]], connectens artem poeticam cum [[ver]]no tempore et nectare amoris, more typico [[Goliardia|goliardico]].<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> Argumentum per varias strophas procedit, ubi auctor pulchritudinem virginis cum figuris mythologicis et biblicis comparat, sicut [[Absalon|Absalone]], [[Tyndaris|Tyndaride]], et [[Daphne|Peneide]]. Poeta inter spem et desperationem (''desolationem'') vacillat, auxilium a [[Venus (dea)|Cypride]] vel gratia amatae petens, ut tristitia pellatur. Structura metrica est varia et complexa, multas mutationes rhythmicas praebens quae ad usum musicum in recitatione spectare videntur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> ==Investigatio critica== Hic carmen amatorium, licet nonnumquam repetitionibus abundet, argumentum principale de praestantia amatae erga amantem evolvit. Secundum morem litterarum finis amoris, amanti necesse est dominam colere eique oboedire, quae vicissim risu, nutu vel superbia animum amantis afficere potest. Haec experientia amatoria non solum affectus movet, sed, ut in doctrina amoris comitis usitatum est, medium evadit ad nobilitationem spiritualem assequendam. In amatae praestantia describenda, poeta elementis utitur tum ex mundo feudali sumptis, sicut appellatione ''dax'' (quae vocabulo Proventiali ''midons'' respondet), tum ex traditione religiosa, ut patet in vocibus ''mira caritas'' et ''largitas'' vel in ipsius mulieris condicione paene superhumana.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> In prooemio, invocatio Musarum, Iovis et Mnemosynes filiarum, munus poeticae inspirationis extollit. Auctor praeterea ad poetas lyricos Teios alludit, quorum exemplar est [[Anacreon]], quem iam [[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]] et [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidius]] amorum cantorem celebraverunt. Spes amantis, de qua in textu agitur, ad illud obsequium refertur quo vir dominae servit, exspectans ut suum ministerium ab ea accipiatur. Pulchritudo mulieris insuper per comparationes illustres effertur: ea namque formosior dicitur [[Absalon|Absalone]], cuius venustas in [[Liber II Samuelis|Libro Secundo Samuelis]] laudatur, atque ipsa [[Helena (mythologia)|Helena]] Troiana, quae per totum Medium Aevum symbolum pulchritudinis habebatur.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> Mythologicae figurae sicut [[Daphne]] carmen complent, dum imago risus dominae, qui animum serenat, ex auctoritate [[Publius Vergilius Maro|Vergilii]] et [[Martianus Capella|Martiani Capellae]] trahitur, ubi risus Iovis caelum tempestatesque tranquillat. Denique poeta asseverat suum statum animi ex dominae voluntate pendere: si amor mutuus evaserit, ipse carminis initium mutare debebit, cum gaudium primum declaratum cum dolore praesenti pugnet.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 262-263</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 9b5v8hdpmwmtna5l8t4a6lly1hkgkpd 0 324459 3957402 3955477 2026-04-28T11:08:38Z ~2026-25952-62 208630 investigatio critica 3957402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Dum Diane vitrea}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXII reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 56-70 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1. Dum Diane vitrea sero lampas oritur et a fratris rosea luce dum succenditur, dulcis aura zephyri spirans omnes etheri nubes tollit; sic emollit vis chordarum pectora et immutat cor, quod nutat ad amoris pignora. 2.Letum iubar Hesperi gratiorem dat humorem roris soporiferi mortalium generi. 3.O quam felix est antidotum soporis, quod curarum tempestates sedat et doloris! dum surrepit clausis oculorum poris, ipsum gaudio equiperat dulcedini amoris. 4.Morphëus in mentem trahit impellentem ventum lenem segetes maturas, murmura rivorum per harenas puras, circulares ambitus molendinorum, qui furantur somno lumen oculorum. 5.Post blanda Veneris commercia lassatur cerebri substantia. hinc caligant mira novitate oculi nantes in palpebrarum rate. hei, quam felix transitus amoris ad soporem, sed suavior regressus ad amorem! 6.Ex alvo leta fumus evaporat, qui capitis tres cellulas irrorat; hic infumat oculos ad soporem pendulos et palpebras sua fumositate replet, ne visus exspatietur late. unde ligant oculos virtutes animales, que sunt magis vise ministeriales. 7.Fronde sub arboris amena, dum querens canit philomena, suave est quiescere, suavius ludere in gramine cum virgine speciosa. si variarum odor herbarum spiraverit, si dederit torum rosa, dulciter soporis alimonia post Veneris defessa commercia captatur, dum lassis instillatur. 8.O in quantis animus amantis variatur vacillantis! ut vaga ratis per equora, dum caret ancora, fluctuat inter spem metumque dubia sic Veneris militia.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, inter pulcherrima carmina amatoria numeratum, de nocte, somno, et amore canit, ubi mundus naturae cum affectibus humanis commiscetur. Poeta describit ortum lunae (Dianae) et gratum soporem qui post lassitudinem amoris oculos claudit, physiologiam mediaevalem de fumo cerebri et cellulis capitis commemorans.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> In secunda parte, carmen ad sphaeram voluptatis vertitur, ubi requies sub arbore cum virgine et cantus philomenae laudantur. Denique, instabilitas animi amantis comparatur rati sine ancora quae in mari dubio fluctuat, quod thema est frequentissimum in poesi goliardica.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, inter celeberrima litterarum Latinarum medii aevi habitum, vires somni recreatrices subtili stilo extollit. Ob structuram rhythmicam et argumentum, docti viri hoc opus nonnumquam Petro Abaelardo adbuere, eique similem paraphrasim in carmine CXCVII invenimus. Textus per multiplices figuras rhetoricas explicatur, inter quas eminet imago "lampadis Dianae", quae ad lunam a radiis solaribus collustratam spectat. Haec metaphora memorat Lucretianum illud de sole "rosea lampade lucente". Mythologicae rationes Dianam et Apollinem, solem scilicet, ut fratres e Iove et Latona genitos exhibent, unde lunae lumen a fraterna luce pendere dicitur. Sub noctis adventum, stella Veneris nomine Vesperi inducitur, dum somnus ipse gradatim in ocellos obrepit. Quae descriptio Ovidianum colorem sapit, qui in ''Fastis'' de blanda quiete furtim victis ocellis obrepente cecinit. Denique Morpheus invocatur, somniorum deus in ''Metamorphosibus'' descriptus, ut quietis humanae moderator et interpres. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 263</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 43nnzg2ilp8bbgrkc6z0sao2btz0akt 0 324466 3957403 3955485 2026-04-28T11:10:52Z ~2026-25952-62 208630 investigatio critica 3957403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Estas in exilium}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXIX reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 56-70 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1. Estas in exilium iam peregrinatur, leto nemus avium cantu viduatur, pallet viror frondium, campus defloratur. exaruit, quod floruit, quia felicem statum nemoris vis frigoris sinistra denudavit et ethera silentio turbavit, exilio dum aves relegavit. 2. Sed amorem, qui calorem nutrit, nulla vis frigoris valet attenuare, sed ea riformare studet, que corruperat brume torpor. amare crucior, morior vulnere, quo glorior. eia, si me sanare uno vellet osculo, que cor felici iaculo gaudet vulnerare! 3. Lasciva, blandi risus, omnes in se trahit visus. labia Veneria tumentia – sed castigate – dant errorem leniorem, dum dulcorem instillant, favum mellis, osculando, ut me mortalem negem aliquando. leta frons tam nivea, lux oculorum aurea, cesaries subrubea, manus vincentes lilia me trahunt in suspiria. rideo, cum video cuncta tam elegantia, tam regia, tam suavia, tam dulcia.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen ad secundam sectionem codicis, scilicet ad carmina amatoria, pertinet et argumentum tractat transitus a tempore aestivo ad hiemem. Poeta describit naturam quae, adventu frigoris, vigore et avium cantu privatur, utentes metaphora exilii ad declinationem mundi naturalis significandam.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> Tamen, contra rigorem hiemis, auctor vires Amoris extollit, qui solus calorem in corde fovere potest. In parte finali, carmen in laudem pulchritudinis mulieris vertitur, ubi singulae partes corporis (labia, frons, oculi, manus) subtili stilo celebrantur, usque ad statum exstasis ubi amans se mortalem esse negat.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen singulari proprietate distinguitur, cum exordium a bruma sumat ut deinde invictam Amoris vim per omnia tempora rerumque condiciones efferat. Hiems enim non ut finis, sed ut scaena inducitur, qua rursus potentia cupiditatis eluceat. Tertia stropha in laudem amatae tota vertitur, quae secundum rationem litterariam illorum carminum, quae vulgo "plazer" dicuntur, exornatur. Similis hiemalis descriptio, quae argumentum introducit, etiam in carmine octogesimo tertio inveniri potest. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 265</ref> Poeta se vulnere mori profitetur, cuius tamen plaga ei gloriae est. Haec conditio amantis, quae spiritualem auctoris dignitatem constituit, saepe cum mortis angore comparatur, ut paradoxon doloris delectatissimi exprimatur. Ita passio carnalis in experientiam paene mysticam vertitur, ubi cruciatus et triumphus idem valere videntur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 265</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] q3krimfyy7gs88kbdxxdc71wjrls4g8 0 324467 3957404 3955491 2026-04-28T11:16:17Z ~2026-25952-62 208630 investigatio critica 3957404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Estatis florigero tempore}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXX reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 56-70 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1.Estatis florigero tempore sub umbrosa residens arbore, avibus canentibus in nemore, sibilante serotino frigore, mee Thisbes adoptato fruebar eloquio, colloquens de Veneris blandissimo commercio. 2.Eius vultus, forma, cultus pre puellis, ut sol stellis, sic prelucet. o inducet hanc nostra ratio, ut dignetur suo nos beare consortio? 3.Nil ergo restat satius, quam cecam mentis flammam denudare diffusius. audaces fortuna iuvat penitus. his ergo sit introitus: 4a.«Ignem cecum sub pectore longo depasco tempore, qui vires miro robore toto diffundit corpore. 4b.Quem tu sola, percipere si vis, potes extinguere, . . meum semivivere felici ligans federe.» 4c.«Amoris spes est dubia, aut verax aut contraria. amanti necessaria virtutis est constantia. 5a.Pre ceteris virtutibus est patientia amoris famulantia. 5b.Sed et ignem, qui discurrit per precordia, fax extinguat alia! 5c.Noster amor non furtiva, non fragilia amplexatur gaudia.» 6a.«Ignis, quo crucior, immo quo glorior, ignis est invisibilis. 6b.Si non extinguitur, a qua succenditur, manet inextinguibilis. 7a.Est ergo tuo munere me mori vel me vivere. 7b.«Quid refert pro re pendula vite pati pericula? 8a.Est pater, est mater, est frater, qui quater die me pro te corripiunt, 8b.Et vetulas per cellulas et iuvenes per speculas deputantes nos custodiunt; 9.Argumque centioculum plus tremo quam patibulum. 10.Est ergo dignum virum benignum vitare signum, unde malignum murmur cursitat per populum.» 11a.«Times in vanum! tam est arcanum, quod nec Vulcanum curo cum sophisticis catenis. 11b.Stilbontis more Letheo rore Argum sopore premam, oculis clausis centenis.» 12a.«In trutina mentis dubia fluctuant contraria lascivus amor et pudicitia. 12b.† Sed eligo, quod video: collum iugo prebeo, ad iugum tamen suave transeo.» 13.«Non bene dixeris iugum secretum Veneris, quo nil liberius, nil dulcius, nil melius. 14a.O quam dulcia sunt hec gaudia! Veneris furta sunt pia. 14b.Ergo propera ad hec munera! carent laude dona sera.» 15.«Dulcissime! totam subdo tibi me.»<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, in sectione amatoria codicis positum, est dialogus inter amatorem et puellam, quem auctor incipit sub arbore verna more [[Topos|topico]] ''loci amoeni''. Poeta ignem amoris caecum describit et auxilium puellae invocat, dum illa pericula et custodes (patrem, matrem et centoculum [[Argus (mythologia)|Argum]]) timet, denique inter pudicitiam et lasciviam dubitans ad amorem vincendum concedit.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> Argumentum carminis certamen inter rationem et passionem explicat, ubi amator audaciam laudat et puellam ad gaudia [[Venus (dea)|Veneris]] invitans omnes difficultates superat. In fine, puella se totam amanti dedit, quod significat victoriam amoris super metum sociale et severitatem familiarem, stilo goliardico pleno proprium.<ref name="Carminamatoria56-70"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen inter elegantissima colloquia amatoria poesis Latinae medii aevi numeratur, in quo praecepta psychologiae amoris comiter expressa inveniuntur. Argumentum exspectationem gaudii erotici tractat, dum amantem monet ut constans ac virtute praeditus maneat. Affectus interior hic videtur medium nobilitationis animi, sed simul necessitas servandi silentii extollitur, ut invidia et malevolentia aliorum vitentur. Nomina personarum, sicut Thisbe, ex traditione [[Ovidius|Ovidiana]] sumuntur, quae fabulam tragicam Pyrami et Thisbes in ''[[Metamorphoses (Ovidius)|Metamorphosibus]]'' narratam revocant. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 266</ref> Locus communis "caeci ignis", quo regina [[Dido]] in ''[[Aeneis|Aeneide]]'' [[Vergilius|Vergiliana]] ardet, hic quoque adhibetur ad vim amoris occultam describendam. Auctor praeterea auctoritatem classicam sequitur affirmans Fortunam audaces iuvare, sicut in poesi Vergiliana et Ovidiana legitur. Spes autem amantis res incerta manet, secundum illud principium litterarum antiquarum, quo [[Venus (dea)|Venus]] dubia et instabilis praesentatur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 266</ref> Secundum praecepta amoris comiter dicti, nimia voluptas amorem ipsum corrumpere potest, sicut Andreas Cappellanus in libro ''De amore'' explicat. Desiderium ergo, nisi ab ipsa puella quae id excitavit exstinguatur, perpetuum manet; quae imago ex litteris mysticis trahitur, ubi desiderium divinum nonnisi in Deo quiescit. In textu apparet etiam admonitio familiarium, praesertim matris et patris, qui puellam custodiunt ne in pericula erotica incidat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 266-267</ref> Ad secretum servandum, poeta mythum [[Argus|Argi]] memorat, monstri centum oculis praediti, et artem [[Volcanus|Vulcani]], qui [[Mars (deus)|Martem]] et Venerem rete aeneo cepit. Amator se "novum Mercurium" praebet, qui soporem afferre scit sicut aqua [[Lethe|Lethes]] fluminis, quae apud Vergilium et Ovidium somnum inducit. Denique, scriptor verbis Evangelii secundum Matthaeum utitur ad "iugum suave" amoris describendum, dum "furta Veneris" secundum stilum Ovidianum memorat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 267</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] dgq72vv0ldc6u8o7vjt4n8z0oi8338b 0 324479 3957405 3955685 2026-04-28T11:21:50Z ~2026-25952-62 208630 investigatio critica 3957405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Axe Phebus aureo}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXXI reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria71-87">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 71-87 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam2.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1a. Axe Phebus aureo celsiora lustrat et nitore roseo radios illustrat. 1b. Venustata Cybele facie florente florem nato Semele dat Phebo favente. 2a. Aurarum suavium gratia iuvante sonat nemus avium voce modulante. 2b. Philomena querule Terea retractat, dum canendo merule carmina coaptat. 3a. Iam Dionea leta chorea sedulo resonat cantibus horum, 3b. Iamque Dione iocis, agone relevat, cruciat corda suorum. 4a. Me quoque subtrahit illa sopori invigilareque cogit amori. 4b. Tela Cupidinis aurea gesto, igne cremantia corda molesto. 5a. Quod michi datur, expaveo, quodque negatur, hoc aveo mente severa. 5b. Que michi cedit, hanc caveo; que non obedit, huic faveo sumque re vera 6. Infelix, seu peream seu relever per eam. que cupit, hanc fugio, que fugit, hanc cupio; plus renuo debitum, plus feror in vetitum; plus licet illibitum, plus libet illicitum. 7a. O metuenda Dione decreta! o fugienda venena secreta, fraude verenda doloque repleta, 7b. Docta furoris in estu punire, quos dat amoris amara subire, plena livoris urentis et ire! 8a. Hinc michi metus abundat, hinc ora fletus inundat, 8b. Hinc michi pallor in ore est, quia fallor amore.<ref name="Carminamatoria71-87"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, in sectione amatoria codicis repertum, incipit a descriptione mundi renovati, ubi [[Sol (deus)|Phebus]], [[Cybele]] et [[Philomena]] reditum veris et pulchritudinem naturae celebrant. Poeta autem hunc splendorem cum angore animi sui comparat, quia telis [[Cupido|Cupidinis]] percussus vigilare cogitur eique somnus eripitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria71-87"/> Argumentum carminis ad paradoxa amoris spectat, ubi amator ea quae sibi dantur expavet et ea quae negantur avet, in statu infelici inter desiderium et fugam positus. Dea [[Venus (dea)|Dione]] (Venus) ut potestas metuenda apparet, quae amantibus non solum gaudia sed etiam venena, iram et pallorem affert, naturam contradictoriam passionis humanae more goliardico demonstrans.<ref name="Carminamatoria71-87"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, inter subtilissima totius sylloges quoad psychologiam spectat, exordio naturali late diffuso atque erudito incipit. Auctor aestus invicti amoris nunquamque satiati depingit, qui cruciatus tantus est ut nonnulli philologi carmen Petro Abelardo tribuere voluerint. Primis duabus strophis, renovatio vernalis per peritissimam metaphoram canitur, ubi Cybele, dea telluris, cum Baccho, Semeles filio, et Phoebo, mundi lumine, coniungitur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 268</ref> Argumentum mythologicum deinde explicatur per querelam philomelae, quae Tereo rege nefas admissum luget. Poeta enim ad fabulam Terei, Thraciae regis, recurrit, qui cum Philomelae sorori, Procne nomini, vim intulisset, ultionem uxoris pessimam expertus est. Dii autem, scelere perterriti, omnes in aves commutaverunt, prout Ovidius in libris Metamorphoseon enarrat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 268</ref> Insuper Cupido inducitur, qui aureis iaculis corda hominum transfigit ut amorem indomabilem suscitet, sicut in poesi Ovidiana legimus ubi sagittae aureae amorem accendunt, plumbeae autem extinguunt. Ultimis denique strophis auctor argumentum ab Ovidii ''Amoribus'' repetit: id quod licet ingratum videtur, dum id quod non licet acrius urit. Sic poeta id quod se sequitur fugit, ut id quod fugit ipse sequatur, naturam amantis paradoxam his versibus plane ostendens. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 268</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 05447z2msu0q8m1xkxlg48xnqifrhps 0 324480 3957406 3955689 2026-04-28T11:23:28Z ~2026-25952-62 208630 investigatio critica 3957406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Grates ago Veneri}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Petrus Blesensis|Petro Blesensi]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXXII reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria71-87">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 71-87 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam2.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1a.Grates ago Veneri, que prosperi michi risus numine de virgine mea gratum et optatum contulit tropheum. 1b.Dudum militaveram, nec poteram hoc frui stipendio; nunc sentio me beari, serenari vultum Dioneum. 2a.Visu, colloquio, contactu, basio frui virgo dederat; sed aberat linea posterior et melior amori. quam nisi transiero, de cetero sunt, que dantur alia, materia furori. 2b.Ad metam propero. sed fletu tenero mea me sollicitat, dum dubitat solvere virguncula repagula pudoris. flentis bibo lacrimas dulcissimas; sic me plus inebrio, plus haurio fervoris. 3a.Delibuta lacrimis oscula plus sapiunt, blandimentis intimis mentem plus alliciunt. ergo magis capior, et acrior vis flamme recalescit. sed dolor Coronidis se tumidis exerit singultibus nec precibus mitescit. 3b.Preces addo precibus basiaque basiis; fletus illa fletibus, iurgia conviciis, meque cernit oculo nunc emulo, nunc quasi supplicanti; nam nunc lite dimicat, nunc supplicat; dumque prece blandior, fit surdior precanti. 4a.Vim nimis audax infero. hec ungue sevit aspero, comas vellit, vim repellit strenua, sese plicat et intricat genua, ne ianua pudoris resolvatur. 4b.Sed tandem ultra milito, triumphum do proposito. per amplexus firmo nexus, brachia eius ligo, pressa figo basia; sic regia Diones reseratur. 5a.Res utrique placuit, et me minus arguit mitior amasia, dans basia mellita 5b.Et subridens tremulis semiclausis oculis, veluti sub anxio suspirio sopita.<ref name="Carminamatoria71-87"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, sectioni amatoriae attributum et [[Petrus Blesensis|Petro Blesensi]] adscriptum, victoriam eroticam amantis celebrat, qui post longam "militiam" tandem ad optatum tropheum pervenit. Poeta gradus amoris (visum, colloquium, contactum, basium) describit, sed ultimam metam (lineam posteriorem) appetit, quae sola furorem sedare potest.<ref name="Carminamatoria71-87"/> Narratio per certamen dramaticum procedit ubi puella, pudore mota, fletu et resistentia physica amantem repellit, usque ad victoriam finale ubi vis amantis superat et res utrique placet. In fine, puella mitior facta gaudia [[Venus (dea)|Veneris]] cum amasio participat, quod argumentum est creberrimum in poesi goliardica eroticis metaphoris referta.<ref name="Carminamatoria71-87"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, Petro Blesensi attributum, argumentum caritatis flagrantis atque eroticae tractat, ubi auctor topicon communem militiae amoris evolvit, rationem pugnae spiritualis et carnalis cum carmine LVI repetens. Poeta progressum amatoris describit per gradus quinque amoris, quos iam Aelius Donatus in commentario ad Terentii ''Eunuchum'' definierat: visum, allocutionem, tactum, osculum et denique coitum. Quae doctrina, in litteris medii aevi creberrima, hic ad experientiam lyricam redigitur, ubi puella amatori copiam sui primum per aspectum facit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 268</ref> In secunda stropha, imago lacrimarum puellae a poeta bibitarum non solum ad affectum profundum pertinet, sed aperte memoriam Ovidianam revocat. Hic locus enim cum ''Tristibus'' conferri potest, ubi Naso lacrimas in vultum cadentes una cum verbis fidis bibere se narrat. Ita Petrus Blesensis traditionem elegiacam classicam cum sensibilitate XII saeculi coniungit, sermonem dactylicum in formam rhythmicam et rhythmicam versus transponens. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 268</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 378xg5ekm4dbmmg8of6houbprklrg2v 0 324483 3957408 3955691 2026-04-28T11:25:54Z ~2026-25952-62 208630 investigatio critica 3957408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Omittamus studia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero LXXV reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria71-87">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 71-87 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam2.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1. Omittamus studia, dulce est desipere, et carpamus dulcia iuventutis tenere! res est apra senectuti seriis intendere, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Refl.Velox etas preterit studio detenta, lascivire suggerit tenera iuventa. 2. Ver etatis labitur, hiems nostra properat, vita damnum patitur, cura carnem macerat. sanguis aret, hebet pectus, minuuntur gaudia, nos deterret iam senectus morborum familia. Refl.Velox etas preterit studio detenta, lascivire suggerit tenera iuventa. 3. Imitemur superos! digna est sententia, et amoris teneros iam venantur retia. voto nostro serviamus! mos est iste numinum. ad plateas descendamus et choreas virginum! Refl.Velox etas preterit studio detenta, lascivire suggerit tenera iuventa. 4. Ibi, que fit facilis, est videndi copia, ibi fulget mobilis membrorum lascivia. dum puelle se movendo gestibus lasciviunt, asto videns, et videndo me michi subripiunt. Refl.Velox etas preterit studio detenta, lascivire suggerit tenera iuventa.<ref name="Carminamatoria71-87"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est exhortatio celebris ad vitam iucundam, qua poeta suadet ut studia deserantur ad gaudia iuventutis mox periturae carpanda. Auctor pondus senectutis morborumque timentem inducit, quapropter ad choreas et ludos puellarum spectandos lectores invitat, vitam divinam imitari volens.<ref name="Carminamatoria71-87"/> Argumentum carminis locum communem ''[[Carpe diem]]'' sequitur, ubi velocitas temporis praeteriti cum studio nimio comparatur; lascivia membrorum et aspectus virginum vires iuventutis nutriunt, contra frigus et curas senectutis futurae certantes.<ref name="Carminamatoria71-87"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, licet simplici specie videatur, argumentis goliardicis studiosisque propriis abundat, quae ex auctoribus classicis late hauriuntur. Otii delectatio, quae in textu celebratur, iam apud [[Horatius|Horatium]] invenitur, qui in carminibus suis dulcedinem desipiendi in loco extollit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 268</ref> Iuventutis imago tamquam vita verna non solum in hoc carmine (atque in carmine CXXXVI) sed etiam apud poetas antiquos occurrit; [[Catullus]] enim de aetate florida quae ver ageret cecinit, dum [[Ovidius]] in ''Metamorphosibus'' de brevi veris aetate scripsit. Contra senectutis incommoda carmen opponit languorem corporis et sanguinis gelidi, quae imagines a [[Iuvenalis|Iuvenale]] et Horatio repetuntur, ubi senes morbis circumventi et calore vitali orbati describuntur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 269</ref> Divina incitamenta ad amorem et voluptatem pertinent ad traditionem ethnicam, qua dii pagani amoris cupidi fingebantur, sicut etiam in carmine LXXXVIII legimus. Amor ipse per venationis metaphoram explicatur: retia amatoria, quae in carmine CLIII rursus inveniuntur, ab Ovidio in ''Arte amatoria'' derivant, ubi amans venatori comparatur qui cervis casses tendit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 269</ref> Choreae in plateis cum puellis peractae hortationem Horatianam sequuntur, ne iuvenes dulces amores neve saltationes spernant, dum canities morosa abest. Denique facilis puellarum copia, quae in textu memoratur, praeceptum Ovidianum admonet, secundum quod oculis apta puella diligenter quaerenda est. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 269</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 3fv4tirvivg484fgjh7of4aqqkrvztd 0 324580 3957388 3956200 2026-04-28T08:53:52Z ~2026-25874-54 208624 investigatio critica 3957388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Versa est in luctum}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Gualterius de Castillione|Gualterio de Castillione]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero CXXIII reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 123-154 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam5.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1. Versa est in luctum cithara Waltheri, non quia se ductum extra gregem cleri vel eiectum doleat vel abiecti lugeat vilitatem morbi, sed quia considerat, quod finis accelerat improvisus orbi. Refl. Libet intueri iudices ecclesie, quorum status hodie peior est quam heri. 2. Umbra cum videmus valles operiri, proximo debemus noctem experiri; sed cum montes videris et colles cum ceteris rebus obscurari, nec fallis nec falleris, si mundo tunc asseris noctem dominari. Refl. Libet intueri iudices ecclesie, quorum status hodie peior est quam heri. 3. Per convalles nota laicos exleges, notos turpi nota principes et reges, quos pari iudicio luxus et ambitio quasi nox obscurat, quos celestis ultio bisacuto gladio perdere maturat. Refl. Libet intueri iudices ecclesie, quorum status hodie peior est quam heri. 4. Restat, ut per montes figurate notes scripturarum fontes, Christi sacerdotes; colles dicti mystice, eo quod in vertice Sion constituti mundo sunt pro speculo, si legis oraculo vellent non abuti. Refl. Libet intueri iudices ecclesie, quorum status hodie peior est quam heri. 5. Iubent nostri colles dari cunctis fenum et preferri molles sanctitati senum; fit hereditarium Dei sanctuarium, et ad Christi dotes preponuntur hodie expertes scientie presulum nepotes. Refl. Si rem bene notes, succedunt in vitium et in beneficium terreni nepotes. 6. Veniat in brevi, Iesu, bene Deus, finis huius evi annus iubileus! moriar, ne videam Antichristi frameam, cuius precessores iam non sani dogmatis stant in Monte Chrismatis censuum censores! Refl. Si rem bene notes, succedunt in vitium et in beneficium terreni nepotes.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est gravis lamentatio de moribus corruptis aetatis suae et de statu Ecclesiae. Poeta, citharam suam in luctum vertens, non propriam infirmitatem dolet, sed finem mundi propter hominum nequitiam imminere praedicit.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> In contextu satirico, auctor allegoria montium et vallium utitur ad diversos ordines sociales describendos: laicos vitiis obrutis et sacerdotes, qui speculum mundi esse deberent, sed gratia et nepotismo corrumpuntur. Carmen precationem ad Iesum concludit, ut finis huius aevi veniat antequam adventus [[Antichristus|Antichristi]] plenius manifestetur, monstrans criticam acerbam contra praesules et iudices ecclesiasticos.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> == Investigatio critica == Hic cantus, a [[Gualterus de Castellione|Gualtero de Castellione]] compositus, acerbam querimoniam de mundi statu ac de generali temporis tristitia continet. Poeta enim canit societatem hominum, iniquitatibus tam principum Ecclesiae quam dominorum saecularium depravatam, ad interitum festinare. Initium sumens a propriae condicionis miseria — scilicet a lepra et ab exclusione e clero — Gualterus hunc statum personalem mox superat ut de universali morbo moribundae societatis disserat, quae adventu Antichristi imminenti perturbatur. Textus densa imaginum allegoricarum serie ex Scripturis Sacris ac traditione patristica depromptarum contexitur, usque ad finalem invocationem qua a Deo postulatur ut huic peccati aevo finem imponat.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 255</ref> Argumentum a verbis [[Liber Iob|Iob]] (XXX, 31) exordium sumit, cum poetae cithara in luctum vertitur. Quamvis de exclusione e clero mentio fiat, causa huius rei obscura manet; conicitur tamen poetam ad res gestas post caedem [[Thomas a Becket|Thomae a Becket]] (anno 1170) respicere, cum rex [[Henricus II (rex Angliae)|Henricus II]] Gualterum beneficiis ecclesiasticis privavisset quod archiepiscopi partes fidenter defendisset. Per allegoriam montium et collium, quae in patristica traditione sanctos et praelatos designant secundum evangelium Matthaei (V, 14), Gualterus ecclesiae proceres ut exempla mundi in monte [[Sion]] posita describit, sed mox eorum corruptionem denuntiat.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 255</ref> In vituperatione vitiorum, auctor [[Marcus Annaeus Lucanus|Lucani]] verba de ambitu et luxu adhibet ut sui temporis pravitatem depingat. Queritur enim praelatos, qui in exemplum fidelium constituti sunt, ad lussuriam et pecuniae cupiditatem mentes flexisse. Locus quidem obscurior de feno omnibus praebendo intellegi videtur ut accusatio in summos ecclesiasticos, qui subiectorum curam neglegentes fideles quasi bruta animalia tractent, dum eorum "nepotes" (vel fortasse gratiosos asseclas) iniuste fovent.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 255-256</ref> Ad extremum, spes liberationis in imagine anni iubilaei ponitur, qui in [[Liber Leviticus|Levitico]] (XXV, 10) remissionem cunctis nuntiat. Cum vero Gualteri aetate annus sanctus nondum institutus esset, haec exspectatio ad generale desiderium mundi a peccatis liberandi referenda est. Imago autem lanceae Antichristi, ex [[Epistula I Ioannis]] (II, 18) ducta, saepissime illo saeculo adhibebatur ad designandos corruptos ecclesiae rectores vel principes laicos, sicut imperatorem [[Fridericus I Barbarossa|Fridericum I]], qui libertati ecclesiae obstare videbantur. Ita mons Sion, sedes Ecclesiae idealis, in periculo esse ostenditur nisi divina gratia intervenerit.<ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 256</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] a6wsof1jcywi29t2u5xcgccvoher3vl 0 324585 3957393 3956205 2026-04-28T09:10:34Z ~2026-25874-54 208624 investigatio critica 3957393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Deus pater adiuva}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero CXXVII reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 123-154 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam5.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1. Deus pater, adiuva, quia mors est proxima! festina succurrere! iam me vult invadere! 2. Dona, pater, spatium, da michi consilium! faciam me monachum, si concedis crastinum. 3. «O mi dilectissime, quid iam cupis agere? secus tibi consule, noli me relinquere!» 4. Tua, frater, pietas movet michi lacrimas, qui eris ut orphanus, postquam ero monachus. 5. «Ergo mane paululum saltim per hoc triduum! forsan hoc periculum non erit mortiferum.» 6. Tanta est angustia, que percurrit viscera, quod est michi dubia vita quoque crastina. 7. «Monachorum regula non est tibi cognita? ieiunant cottidie, vigilant assidue.» 8. Qui pro Deo vigilant, coronari postulant; qui pro Deo esurit, satiari exigit. 9. «Dura donant pabula, fabas ac legumina, post tale convivium potum aque modicum.» 10. Quid prosunt convivia quidve Dionysia, ubi † et dapibus caro datur vermibus? 11. «Vel parentum gemitus moveat te penitus, qui te plangunt monachum veluti iam mortuum!» 12. Qui parentes diligit atque Deum negligit, reus inde fuerit, quando iudex venerit. 13. «Numquam magis videris, quem tu tantum diligis: illum Parme clericum Guidonem pulcherrimum.» 14. † His est quo relinquerem, nisi mori crederem; sed cum mors est dubia, postponamus omnia. 15. «O ars dialectica, numquam esses cognita, que tot facis clericos exules ac miseros!» 16. Hëu michi misero! quid agam, iam nescio. longo in exilio sum sine consilio. 17. Parce, frater, fletibus! forsitan fit melius. iam mutatur animus: nondum ero monachus.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, in forma dialogi compositum, timorem mortis et subitam conversionem religiosam clerici cuiusdam narrat. Protagonista, morbo vel periculo perterritus, Deum invocat et pollicetur se monachum futurum esse si vitam servaverit, dum amicus vel socius eum ab hoc proposito dehortari conatur.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> Argumentum per antithesim explicatur inter asperitatem vitae monasticae et mundanas delectationes, sicut amicitiam [[Parma|Parmae]] et studia dialecticae. Ad extremum, periculo fortasse imminuto, clericus sententiam mutat et vitam saecularem retinere constituit, quod ironiam goliardicam erga vota religiosa et instabilitatem humanam demonstrat.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen formam dialogi [[Satira|satirici]] praebet, qui praecipue in [[Monachus|monachos]] atque in futilitatem conversionum ad vitam claustralem intendit. Poeta illos reprehendit qui mundum relinquunt non sincero animi impetu, sed quadam levitate inducti. Cum de cotidiano ieiunio agitur, videtur auctor ad ordinem [[Ordo Cisterciensis|Cisterciensium]] alludere, quibus mos erat ab Idibus Septembribus usque ad Pascham semel tantum in die cibum sumere. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. X</ref> Argumentatio auctoris verbis Biblicis fulcitur, quibus moniti sunt qui propinquos diligentes Deum neglegunt. In textu resonat illud [[Liber Genesis|Geneseos]] praeceptum (XII, 1), quo Abraham exire de terra sua et de domo patris iubetur, necnon vaticinia [[Apocalypsis Ioannis|Apocalypsis]] de iudicio extremo. Haec argumenta adhibentur ut necessitas mundi renuntiationis extollatur, quamquam sub specie ironica vel admonitrice. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 259</ref> In carmine mentio fit [[Dialectica|dialecticae]], quae una cum [[Grammatica (disciplina)|grammatica]] et [[Rhetorica|rhetorica]] ad [[Trivium|trivii]] disciplinas pertinet. Haec ars, postquam per prius Medium Aevum paene neglecta erat, ab undecimo saeculo rursus floruit; nihilominus, novae rationes disputandi a multis tunc reprehensis sunt, quod periculum ad interpretationem canonicam [[Sacrae Scripturae|Sacrarum Scripturarum]] ferre viderentur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 259</ref> Denique, carmen ad affectus erga dilectos homines alludit, in quo quidam studiosi vestigia [[Homosexualitas|homosexualitatis]] agnoscunt, sicut in aliis carminibus huius collectaneae invenitur. Usus litterae "N." in textu latino, ad personam genericam indicandam cuius nomen tacetur, hanc interpretationem haud obscuram reddit, monachum admonens eum, quem tantopere diligat, amplius videre non posse. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 259</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] cqj6x1mu3hrv9eps4yg2xh6628m00s2 0 324594 3957259 3957178 2026-04-27T15:11:13Z Shiden 195398 De populatio 3957259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Swietochlowice_town_hall_2018.jpg|thumb|Curia municipalis]] Swentochlowicze<ref>[https://swietochlowice.pl/miasto/historia-swietochlowic/]</ref> (Lingua Polonica Świętochłowice ( [ɕfjɛntɔxwɔˈvit͡sɛ] pronuntiatum; Lingua Germanica Schwientochlowitz) est civitas in Polonia. Oppidum ad meridionalem partem Poloniae spectat. Situm est in regione Silesia appellata et ad flumina Rawa. Kalendae Januaris anno 1947 ius urbis datum est.<ref>[https://swietochlowice.pl/miasto/historia-swietochlowic/]</ref> 45 434 incolarum ibi sunt.<ref>[https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/ludnosc/powierzchnia-i-ludnosc-w-przekroju-terytorialnym-w-2024-roku,7,21.html]</ref>. Magister civitatis Daniel Beger est. [[File:Swietochlowice_Joseph_church_2020.jpg|thumb|right|Ecclesia Sancti Iosephi]] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Loci habitati Silesiae]] m4z1zm11ykdtheyepiisud2q2xmbmic 0 324597 3957389 3956905 2026-04-28T08:59:25Z ~2026-25874-54 208624 investigatio critica 3957389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Dic, Christi veritas}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Philippus Cancellarius|Philippo Cancellario]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero CXXXI reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 123-154 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam5.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1. Dic, Christi veritas, dic, cara raritas, dic, rara Caritas: ubi nunc habitas? aut in Valle Visionis? aut in throno Pharaonis? aut in alto cum Nerone? aut in antro cum Theone? vel in fiscella scirpea cum Moyse plorante? vel in domo Romulea cum Bulla fulminante? 2. Respondit Caritas: «homo, quid dubitas? quid me sollicitas? non sum, quo mussitas, nec in euro nec in austro, nec in foro nec in claustro, nec in bysso vel cuculla, nec in bello nec in bulla: de Iericho sum veniens, ploro cum sauciato, quem duplex Levi transiens non astitit grabato.» 3. O vox prophetica, o Nathan, predica: culpa Davitica patet non modica! dicit Nathan: «non clamabo», «neque» David «planctum dabo», cum sit Christi rupta vestis, contra Christum Christus testis. ve, ve vobis, hypocrite, qui culicem colatis! que Cesaris sunt, reddite, ut Christo serviatis!<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, a Philippo Cancellario compositum, est disputatio allegorica de absentia Caritatis et Veritatis in mundo. Auctor per interrogationes rhetoricas inquirit ubi divina virtus lateat, utrum in aulis potentium an in religiosis locis, denuntians corruptionem tum politicam tum ecclesiasticam sui temporis.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> In responsione Caritatis et in conclusione prophetica, peccata hypocritarum et discordiae ecclesiae vituperantur. Carmen ad ethicam Christianam reditum postulat, adhibens exempla biblica sicut [[David]] et [[Nathan (propheta)|Nathan]] ut necessitatem iustitiae et veri obsequii erga Christum demonstret.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> ==Investigatio critica== Carmina ''Dic Christi veritas'' et ''[[Bulla fulminante]]'' [[Philippus Cancellarius|Philippo Cancellario]] adscribuntur, qui saeculo XIII ineunte apud [[Studium Parisiense]] maxime floruit.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-pp-127-142">{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 127, 142.</ref> Quamvis in sectione amatoria codicis inserti sint, hi textus indole morali ac satira percutienti redundant. In eis Philippus corruptelam ecclesiasticam et simoniam acriter reprehendit, stilo subtili usus qui scholasticum ambiguitatem [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis|Scholae Nostrae Dominae]] plane sapit.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 18, 127.</ref> Praecipue denuntiatur quomodo pontificiae bullae ac decreta non veritate, sed argento moveantur; ita auctor argumentum sacri amoris proditi cum vitiis curiae et officialium scite nectit.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-pp-127-142" /> Hic cantus argumentum tractat de caritatis christianae deminutione in mundo ubi ecclesiastici aviditate atque corruptela tenentur. Poeta res propheticas Isiae de "valle visionis" adhibet ut locum significet ubi homines, divini iudicii immemores, carnis voluptatibus indulgent. In hoc contextu, vaticinatio de Hierosolymis in figuram vertitur cuiuslibet loci ubi spiritus neglegitur ut solis epulis ac vino vacetur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 256-257</ref> Auctoris oratio per exempla historica et biblica procedit: Pharao enim idololatriae ac fidei inimicae potentiae typus habetur, dum Nero imperator, iam apud Patres Ecclesiae ut Lactantium perversionis signum, hic quoque sceleratae perfidiae exemplum praebet. Quibus opponuntur figurae Theonis, anachoretae Thebaidis in ''Vitis Patrum'' memorati, et Moysis infantis, qui in fiscella viminea e fluminis aquis servatus est. Per metonymiam "aula Romuli" ipsa sedes papalis indicatur, ubi mundana potestas cum spirituali officio confligit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 256-257</ref> In secunda parte, mentio Hierichuntis ad parabolam boni Samaritani aperte spectat. Investigatio autem critica ad personam Nathan prophetae convertitur, qui olim Davidem regem de peccato cum Bethsabee commisso arguit. Philippus Cancellarius hunc locum biblicum parodice interpretatur: Ecclesia enim, quae instar Davidis cum mundo fornicatur, a Nathan non iam reprehenditur. Propheta officium suum deponit, cum videat in mundo cupiditate depravato vocem suam irritam futuram esse. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 256-257</ref> Tunica Christi, secundum evangelium Ioannis indiscissa, hic Ecclesiae unitatem symbolice designat, quae tamen opum siti laceratur. Scripturarum auctoritate auctor hypocritas reprehendit qui "culicem excolant", atque praeceptum de reddendis Caesari quae sunt Caesaris urget, ut Ecclesia a terrenis negotiis se expediat et ad pristinam spiritualem puritatem revertatur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 256-257</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] cmi0gqa1zxo3gjnn3ezz46tqhdtdsea 0 324598 3957391 3956895 2026-04-28T09:03:13Z ~2026-25874-54 208624 investigatio critica 3957391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Bulla fulminante}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero CXXXIa reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 123-154 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam5.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1. Bulla fulminante sub iudice tonante, reo appellante, sententia gravante Veritas supprimitur, distrahitur et venditur Iustitia prostante; itur et recurritur ad Curiam, nec ante quid consequitur, quam exuitur quadrante. 2. Pape ianitores Cerbero surdiores. in spe vana plores, nam etiamsi fores Orphëus, quem audiit Pluto deus Tartareus, non ideo perores, malleus argenteus ni feriat ad fores, ubi Protëus variat mille colores. 3. Si queris prebendas, vitam frustra commendas; mores non pretendas, ne iudicem offendas! frustra tuis litteris inniteris; moraberis per plurimas kalendas – tandem exspectaveris a ceteris ferendas, paris ponderis pretio nisi contendas. 4. Iupiter, dum orat Danen, frustra laborat; sed eam deflorat, auro dum se colorat: auro nil potentius, nil gratius, nec Tullius facundius perorat. sed hos urit acrius, quos amplius honorat; nichil iustius, calidum Crassus dum vorat!<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, a [[Philippus Cancellarius|Philippo Cancellario]] compositum, est acerrima satira contra corruptionem [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]] et venalitatem iustitiae ecclesiasticae. Auctor deplorat quomodo veritas et iustitia pecunia vendantur, ubi non mores nec litterae, sed sola vis argenti valere videtur ad favorem iudicum impetrandum.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> Per metaphoras mythologicas, sicut [[Cerberus|Cerberum]], [[Danae|Danen]] et [[Iuppiter|Iovem]] in aurum conversum, poeta demonstrat divitias omnia vincere et ianitores papales quovis metallo mollescere. Carmen argumentum morale tractat, arguens in mundo tunc temporis pecuniam facundia [[Cicero|Tullii]] potentiorem esse et pauperes a curia vacuos expelli.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> ==Investigatio critica== Carmina ''[[Dic, Christi veritas]]'' et ''Bulla fulminante'' [[Philippus Cancellarius|Philippo Cancellario]] adscribuntur, qui saeculo XIII ineunte apud [[Studium Parisiense]] maxime floruit.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-pp-127-142">{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 127, 142.</ref> Quamvis in sectione amatoria codicis inserti sint, hi textus indole morali ac satira percutienti redundant. In eis Philippus corruptelam ecclesiasticam et simoniam acriter reprehendit, stilo subtili usus qui scholasticum ambiguitatem [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis|Scholae Nostrae Dominae]] plane sapit.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 18, 127.</ref> Praecipue denuntiatur quomodo pontificiae bullae ac decreta non veritate, sed argento moveantur; ita auctor argumentum sacri amoris proditi cum vitiis curiae et officialium scite nectit.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-pp-127-142" /> Hoc carmen severam invectivam contra avaritiam corruptionemque Curiae Romanae praebet. Argumentum exordium capit a bulla pontificali, quae inter fulmina emittitur; hoc in loco vox "fulminans" ad usum technicum spectat, quo in iurisdictione ecclesiastica sententia excommunicationis designari solebat. Auctor praeterea scripturas sacras parodice convertit ut curialium rapacitatem denuntiet: dum in Evangelio secundum Matthaeum dicitur debitorem non exiturum donec ultimum quadrantem solvat, hic eadem sententia adhibetur ad describendos homines qui a Romana curia usque ad extremum nummum spoliantur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 258</ref> Ad statum moralem ecclesiae describendum, Philippus Cancellarius mythologicas figuras in contextum christianum transfert. Cerberus, triceps inferorum custos, videtur hic avaritiam personificare, dum Proteus, numen marinum mutabile, versutiam indicat eorum qui, ne veritatem dicant, varias formas assumunt sicut in antiquis fabulis narratur. Orpheus autem, qui Eurydicem e regno Plutonis carmine reducere conatus est, a Philippo novo modo interpretatur: vates Thracius non iam ut heros amans, sed ut mendax inducitur, quia pactum cum inferorum domino initum violavit cum retro aspexit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 258</ref> In extrema parte carminis, auctor rursus ad biblicos locos confugit ut iudicium morale confirmet. Verba quibus Christus in deserto temptationes Diaboli reiecit — "Vade, Satana" — hic adhibentur ad illicitas pecuniae petitiones repellendas. Denique, ex libro secundo Samuelis sumitur sententia de perversitate: qui cum perversis agit, ipse corrumpitur. Ita Philippus ostendit quomodo ambitus ille, qui sanctus esse deberet, in pravitatem delapsus sit, identitatem moralem ipsius cleri commutans. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 258</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 5d4nlmdv9wzwzwi32moe7me6zm7xg2u 3957392 3957391 2026-04-28T09:08:20Z ~2026-25874-54 208624 investigatio critica 3957392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Bulla fulminante}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero CXXXIa reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina amatoria 123-154 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cam5.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1. Bulla fulminante sub iudice tonante, reo appellante, sententia gravante Veritas supprimitur, distrahitur et venditur Iustitia prostante; itur et recurritur ad Curiam, nec ante quid consequitur, quam exuitur quadrante. 2. Pape ianitores Cerbero surdiores. in spe vana plores, nam etiamsi fores Orphëus, quem audiit Pluto deus Tartareus, non ideo perores, malleus argenteus ni feriat ad fores, ubi Protëus variat mille colores. 3. Si queris prebendas, vitam frustra commendas; mores non pretendas, ne iudicem offendas! frustra tuis litteris inniteris; moraberis per plurimas kalendas – tandem exspectaveris a ceteris ferendas, paris ponderis pretio nisi contendas. 4. Iupiter, dum orat Danen, frustra laborat; sed eam deflorat, auro dum se colorat: auro nil potentius, nil gratius, nec Tullius facundius perorat. sed hos urit acrius, quos amplius honorat; nichil iustius, calidum Crassus dum vorat!<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, a [[Philippus Cancellarius|Philippo Cancellario]] compositum, est acerrima satira contra corruptionem [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]] et venalitatem iustitiae ecclesiasticae. Auctor deplorat quomodo veritas et iustitia pecunia vendantur, ubi non mores nec litterae, sed sola vis argenti valere videtur ad favorem iudicum impetrandum.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> Per metaphoras mythologicas, sicut [[Cerberus|Cerberum]], [[Danae|Danen]] et [[Iuppiter|Iovem]] in aurum conversum, poeta demonstrat divitias omnia vincere et ianitores papales quovis metallo mollescere. Carmen argumentum morale tractat, arguens in mundo tunc temporis pecuniam facundia [[Cicero|Tullii]] potentiorem esse et pauperes a curia vacuos expelli.<ref name="Carminamatoria123-154"/> ==Investigatio critica== Carmina ''[[Dic, Christi veritas]]'' et ''Bulla fulminante'' [[Philippus Cancellarius|Philippo Cancellario]] adscribuntur, qui saeculo XIII ineunte apud [[Studium Parisiense]] maxime floruit.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-pp-127-142">{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 127, 142.</ref> Quamvis in sectione amatoria codicis inserti sint, hi textus indole morali ac satira percutienti redundant. In eis Philippus corruptelam ecclesiasticam et simoniam acriter reprehendit, stilo subtili usus qui scholasticum ambiguitatem [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis|Scholae Nostrae Dominae]] plane sapit.<ref>{{qc|Lehtonen, 1995}}, pp. 18, 127.</ref> Praecipue denuntiatur quomodo pontificiae bullae ac decreta non veritate, sed argento moveantur; ita auctor argumentum sacri amoris proditi cum vitiis curiae et officialium scite nectit.<ref name="lehtonen-1995-pp-127-142" /> Hic cantus, a Philippo Cancellario compositus, acerbam reprehensionem contra avaritiam et corruptionem Curiae Romanae exprimit. Argumentum praecipue in bullam papalem intenditur, quae verbis fulminantibus emittitur; quod adiectivum, "fulminans" scilicet, in iurisprudentia canonica ad excommunicationis usum proprie pertinebat. Textus parodice verba Evangelii secundum Matthaeum (V, 26) repetit, monens fideles fore ut spoliari pergant usque ad novissimum quadrantem antequam e curia dimittantur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 258</ref> In carmine figurae mythologicae adhibentur ut vitia ecclesiastica depingantur. Cerberus, triceps inferorum custos, videtur imago ipsius voracitatis, dum Orpheus, cantor Thracius, frustra carmine vicit Plutonem ut Eurydicen uxorem revocaret. Simili modo Proteus, numen marinum vaticinandi peritum sed variis formis se occultans, apud scriptores morales Medii Aevi symbolum evadit ecclesiae cupiditatis, quae in omnes vultus se mutat ut mundana bona congerat. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 258</ref> Argumentum deinde ad Danaen convertitur, quam Iuppiter in pluviam auream versus intra turrim amavit. Auctor, Ovidianum illud ex ''Amoribus'' (III, 8, 29-30) sequens, pecuniam omnia vincere demonstrat: sicut Iuppiter ipse pretium virginis factus est, ita in curia nummus virtutem integritatemque superat. Eloquentia Ciceronis, quantumvis maxima, cedit eloquentiae auri, dum Marcus Licinius Crassus, divitiarum avidissimus, typum repraesentat illius inatiabilis siti pecuniae quae mentes hominum et instituta corrumpit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 258</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 9odi8tzramm0eua25xcwfvi4kpoyes1 0 324699 3957396 3956463 2026-04-28T09:25:41Z ~2026-25874-54 208624 investigatio critica 3957396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Aristippe, quamvis sero}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Philippus Cancellarius|Philippo Cancellario]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero CLXXXIX (189) reperitur.<ref name="Carminamatoria155-186">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina potoria 187-200 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cpo1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1a. «Aristippe, quamvis sero, tuo tamen tandem quero frui consilio. quid Rome faciam? mentiri nescio. potentum gratiam dat adulatio. si mordaci nitar vero, Verri numquam carus ero. meretur histrio virtutis premium, dum palpat vitium dulci mendacio.» 1b. «Diogenes, quid intendas, – vis honores? vis prebendas? – id prius explices. presunt ecclesiis hi, quibus displices, nisi te vitiis ipsorum implices. carus eris, si commendas in prelatis vite mendas. culparum complices, ministros sceleris amant pre ceteris sacri pontifices.» 2a. «Nec potentum didici vitiis applaudire nec favorem querere corde loquens duplici. veritate simplici semper uti soleo, dari famam doleo cuiquam preter merita nec impinguo capita peccatoris oleo.» 2b. «Ergo procul exsules, si mentiri dubitas! simplex enim veritas multos fecit exsules. cole nostros presules mollibus blanditiis nec insultans vitiis verbis hos exasperes, horum si desideres frui beneficiis.» 3a. «Ergo, sicut consulis, expedit, ut taceam blandiensve placeam mollibus auriculis potentium, quibus me vis sic placere. adulari vel tacere – nichil ponis medium, sicque, quasi faveam, aliene subeam culpe participium.» 3b. «Culpe participio ne formides pollui. si potentum perfrui vis favore, vitio participes. gaudent a convictu pari suos sibi conformari Giezi participes, in promissis Protei et sequaces Orphei sacerdotum principes.» 4a. «Vade retro, Satana, tuas tolle fabulas! quicquid enim consulas, falsitatis organa, voces adulantium, – devoveo nulliusque foveo blandiendo vitium. sed palponis nomen cavi, cuius semper declinavi fraudis artificium.» 4b. «Ergo vivas modicus et contentus modico; nil est opus Cynico. si vis esse Cynicus, dicas vale curiis et abeas et nec te sic habeas, ut applaudas vitiis. cum perverso perverteris, si potentum gratus queris esse contuberniis.»<ref name="Carminamatoria155-186"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, a [[Philippus Cancellarius|Philippo Cancellario]] compositum et in sectione potoria codicis servatum, est dialogus satyricus inter duos philosophos antiquos, [[Aristippus|Aristippum]] et [[Diogenes Sinopeus|Diogenem]], qui de moribus curiae Romanae et praelatorum disserunt. Per hanc disputationem auctor corruptionem ecclesiasticam ac vitium adulationis acriter reprehendit, opponens integritatem cynicam commoditati aulicae. Argumentum demonstrat quomodo veritas simplex in mundo potentium exsilium pariat, dum mendacium et obsequium divitias ac favorem concilient. In fine, carmen monet hominem probum debere curias relinquere et modica contentione vivere, ne malitiae aliorum fovendae particeps fiat.<ref name="Carminamatoria155-186"/> == Investigatio critica == Philippus Cancellarius hanc satiram ex Horatii epistula (I, 17) hausit, ubi poeta contentionem inter Diogenem Sinopensem, cynicorum praecipuum, et Aristippum Cyrenaeum, hedonismi fautorem, rursus tractat. Dum autem Horatius in carmine suo principia temperantiae exponit, Philippus duos philosophos in acre colloquium inducit ad corruptionem curiae romanae denuntiandam. Per Diogenis verba, auctor paupertatem evangelicamque veritatem contra mundanos mores extollit, argumentum sequens quod etiam Valerius Maximus (IV, 3, ext. 4) breviter attigit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 258-259</ref> In carmine mythus Danaes, a Iove per imbrem aureum corruptae, vim pecuniae in virtutem significat. Auctor Ovidii vestigia sequitur (Amores III, 8, 29-30), allegoriam adhibens ad ecclesiae avaritiam castigandam, quae, sicut Iuppiter, in varias formas mutatur ut terrenis bonis potiatur. Haec venalitas adeo pervasit ut non solum Ciceronis eloquentiam superare dicatur, sed etiam Crassi cupiditatem et Verris improbitatem, qui in Sicilia res male gesserat, aequare videatur. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 258-259</ref> Scriptor insuper sacras scripturas parodice flectit ad mores sui temporis reprehendos. Dum versus psalmi (CXL, 5) de oleo peccatoris invertuntur, simul Giezi nequitia evocatur ad simoniam damnandam. Figurae mythologicae Protei et Orphei mendacii symbola fiunt: alter ob instabilem formam ad responsa vitanda, alter ob fractam Plutoni fidem. Denique per evangelicas sententias, quibus Christus Satanam reppulit, Philippus mundi temptationes contemnit, monens hominem cum perversis perverti si rectam viam amiserit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 258-259</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] bkor4ncamrrxsuv7t7rw8wnmqfhs7nq 0 324729 3957409 3956500 2026-04-28T11:29:50Z ~2026-25952-62 208630 investigatio critica 3957409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Tempus hoc letitie}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero CCXVI reperitur.<ref name="Carminapotoria201-226">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina potoria 201-226 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cpo2.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1. Tempus hoc letitie, dies festus hodie! omnes debent psallere et cantilenas promere et affectu pectoris et toto gestu corporis et scolares maxime, qui festa colunt optime. 2. Stilus nam et tabule sunt feriales epule et Nasonis carmina vel aliorum pagina. quicquid agant alii, iuvenes amemus et cum turba plurium ludum celebremus.<ref name="Carminapotoria201-226"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, in sectione potoria codicis positum, gaudium et festivitatem celebrat, exhortans omnes, praesertim scholares, ad cantandum et ludendum. Auctor stilum, tabulas et studia litteraria, sicut opera [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Nasonis]], videtur ad tempus deponere ut deliciis vitae iuvenilis et ludi cum sociis fruatur. Argumentum igitur extollit libertatem scholarum vagantium qui, neglectis officiis ferialibus, se totos in celebranda laetitia praesenti demergunt.<ref name="Carminapotoria201-226"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen proprietates lyricas praebet quae psychologicam amantis conversionem efferunt, cum animus extra se rapiatur. Quod argumentum, scilicet sui ipsius oblivio propter amoris impetum, non solum in hoc textu sed etiam in carmine CVIII (II, 1) invenitur, ubi legitur "Ure me suspirans", indicans novum amorem vatem a se ipso abalienare. Haec alienatio mentis, in carminibus Buranis saepe obvia, amorem non ut simplicem affectum sed ut vim perturbatricem describit quae ordinem interiorem subvertit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 269</ref> Investigatio philologica demonstrat hanc rationem dicendi ad communem locum poeseos vagorum pertinere, ubi passio cum quadam violentia spirituali coniungitur. Stylus narrationis, elenchos vitans, unitatem argumenti servat et progressionem motus animi exprimit, ne repetitio verborum aut usus excessivus formarum passivarum fluxum sententiarum impediat. Ita textus naturam universalem doloris et gaudii amatorii in codicem inserit, firmo nexu inter singula carmina servato. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 269</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] o8oqncdtu87uwff2mdgxlrilejpnfhr 3957410 3957409 2026-04-28T11:38:47Z ~2026-25952-62 208630 Abrogans recensionem 3957409 ab usore [[User:~2026-25952-62|~2026-25952-62]] ([[User talk:~2026-25952-62|Disputatio]] | [[Special:Contributions/~2026-25952-62|conlationes]]) 3957410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Tempus hoc letitie}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero CCXVI reperitur.<ref name="Carminapotoria201-226">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina potoria 201-226 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cpo2.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1. Tempus hoc letitie, dies festus hodie! omnes debent psallere et cantilenas promere et affectu pectoris et toto gestu corporis et scolares maxime, qui festa colunt optime. 2. Stilus nam et tabule sunt feriales epule et Nasonis carmina vel aliorum pagina. quicquid agant alii, iuvenes amemus et cum turba plurium ludum celebremus.<ref name="Carminapotoria201-226"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, in sectione potoria codicis positum, gaudium et festivitatem celebrat, exhortans omnes, praesertim scholares, ad cantandum et ludendum. Auctor stilum, tabulas et studia litteraria, sicut opera [[Publius Ovidius Naso|Nasonis]], videtur ad tempus deponere ut deliciis vitae iuvenilis et ludi cum sociis fruatur. Argumentum igitur extollit libertatem scholarum vagantium qui, neglectis officiis ferialibus, se totos in celebranda laetitia praesenti demergunt.<ref name="Carminapotoria201-226"/> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] s4glezorrikek1h1mi6zbk4zbzbvywq 0 324740 3957395 3956513 2026-04-28T09:22:24Z ~2026-25874-54 208624 investigatio critica 3957395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Mundus est in varium}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardus|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero CCXXVI reperitur.<ref name="Carminapotoria201-226">{{Opus | titulus = Carmina potoria 201-226 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cpo2.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| 1. Mundus est in varium sepe variatus et a status ordine sui degradatus: ordo mundi penitus est inordinatus, mundus nomine tenus stat, sed est prostratus. 2. Transierunt vetera, perit mos antiquus; inolevit nequior mos et plus iniquus. nemo meus, quilibet suus est amicus; non Saturnus regnat nunc, immo Ludowicus. 3. Sperabamus, quod adhuc quisquam remaneret, mundum qui precipitem dando sustineret, pleno cornu copie munera preberet, nomen largi, sed et rem, quod plus est, haberet. 4. Avem raram nondum hanc potui videre, est Pheinice rarior, hircocervus vere. hanc quesivi sepius; felix, tu iam quere! ei nomen interim dabimus Chimere. 5. Mundus ergo labitur, nullus hunc sustentat; currit, cadit, corruit, quis eum retentat? largitatis semitas nemo iam frequentat, actus largi strenuos nemo representat. 6. Unam tamen video formam largitatis, quam vos specialiter, clerici, libatis; hanc edicam nudius, si vos sileatis, si cum patientia me sustineatis. 7. Dicet quis: «enuclea! quid est hoc, quod ais?» dicam: «larga munera vestra sentit Thais, Thais illa celebris thermis, Cumis, Bais, illa Troie pestilens et damnosa Grais. 8. Hec dum nudo nudam se propter hoc iniungit, manu, lingua, labiis palpat, lingit, ungit; at Venus medullitus scalpit, prurit, pungit: Pamphilum dupliciter sic Thais emungit. 9. Tamen est, qui Thaidem ut cadaver odit, ab hac ut a bestia cavens se custodit; sed dum Ganymedicum pusionem fodit, inguen ei loculos pari dente rodit. 10. Nullum hic est medium: quivis clericorum, si non in Glycerium, largus est in Sporum. licet ambidextri sunt multi modernorum, uni tamen prefero iocos geminorum. 11. Restat adhuc alterum largitatis genus, sed hoc totum ventris est, nil hic capit Venus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .<ref name="Carminapotoria201-226"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen, quod ultimam partem sectionis potoriae finit, est satira moralis de mundi decadentiā et de amissa virtute liberalitatis. Auctor queritur mundum in peius mutatum esse, ubi antiqui mores perierunt et caritas defecit. Praecipue in [[Clericus|clericos]] invehitur, quos accusat pecuniam in meretrices (ut [[Thais (meretrix)|Thaidem]]) vel in vitia turpiora effundere, potius quam in veram largitatem. Per metaphoras animalium rariorum et mythologiae classicae, poëta depingit societatem inordinatam ubi [[Venus (dea)|Venus]] et venter rationem superaverunt.<ref name="Carminapotoria201-226"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen argumentum de ''tristitia temporis'' retractat, in quo res mundanae tamquam eversio completa bonorum morum ac virtutum exhibentur. Attamen haec satira, a maestis aliorum carminum moralium tonis remota, magis ad speciem "mundi inversi" accedit, quae propria est hilaritatis carnisprivii. Priscorum virtutes evanuisse videntur, sicut in aliis poematibus collectionis memoratur, ubi id quod prior aetas respuebat nunc late clarere dicitur. Regnum Saturni, quod secundum traditionem Vergiliano rure ac divitiis abundabat, iam pridem praeteriit, dum res inusitatae ac monstrosae in scaenam prodeunt. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 259</ref> Auctis metapharis mythologicis, textus variis figuris utitur ad corruptionem describendam: phoenix, avis rarissima quae e propriis cineribus renascitur, hanc raritatem probitatis indicat, dum monstra sicut hircocervus et chimaera vana somnia et fallaces spes significant. In hac descriptione mundi perversi, etiam res politicae tanguntur; videtur enim auctor ad Ludovicum VII, regem Franciae, respicere, qui ob ignaviam ultimis regni annis saepe reprehensus est. Nemo iam caritatis semitas percurrit, quod argumentum saepe in carminibus Buranis contra avaritiam et declinationem moralem recumbit. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 259</ref> Luxuria ac mores corrupti nominibus classicis et litterariis demonstrantur. Thaïs, meretricis symbolum, cum locis voluptariis ut Cumis et Baiis coniungitur, quae iam antiquitate Romana ob delicias nota erant. Hae figurae non solum libidinem repraesentant, sed etiam femineas illecebras quae, sicut Helena Troianis et Graecis, ruinam parant. Ex comoediis Terentianis ac poesi elegiaca mediaevali nomina Pamphili et Glyceriae depromuntur ad amantium typos describendos, dum Ganimedes allectantes et Spori mentio, ad Neronis aetatem spectans, corruptionem iuventutis ac morum denotant. <ref>{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, p. 260</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 4twlyt5eg5jsme5487ccyzcas23s3jf 0 324790 3957250 3957057 2026-04-27T12:34:19Z Neander 1973 3957250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Pellicula |Imago= The Silence of the Lambs.png |Titulus= The Silence of the Lambs |Latinus titulus= Silentium agnorum |Annus= [[1991]] |Moderator= [[Ionathan Demme]] |Scriptor= [[Thumas Harris]] |Actores= [[Jodie Foster]]<br />[[Antonius Hopkins]] |Compositor= [[Howard Shore]] |Duratio= 118 minuta |Lingua=[[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]] }} {{ores|The Silence of the Lambs}} ('Silentum agnorum') est [[fabula formidulosa|pellicula formidulosa]] sive ''thriller'' ab [[Ionathan Demme]] disposita, primum anno [[1991]] vulgata, quae in libro [[The Silence of the Lambs|eiusdem tituli]] a [[Thomas Harris|Thoma Harris]] scripto posita est. Personae primariae pelliculae, quae omnino quinque ex potioribus [[praemium Oscar|praemiis Oscar]] tulit, a [[Jodie Foster|Tsodia Foster]] et [[Antonius Hopkins|Antonio Hopkins]] aguntur. Inde ab [[anni 1990|annis 1990]] pelliculae de [[homicida serialis|homicidis serialibus]] huius pelliculae successu elatae sunt. == Argumentum == [[FBI]] homicidam serialem a biocolytis [[Kansanopolis|Kansanopolitanis]] "Buffalo Bill" (Ted Levine) appellatum venatur, qui multas iam virgines occidit et post mortem partim glubit. Cum inquisitores, duce Iacobo Crawford (Scott Glenn), nullo modo in investigationibus suis progressi sint, auxilium petunt ab Hannibale Lecter, psychiatro anthropophago et homicida seriali, qui in carcerem coniectus est. Propositum est enim, ut huius psychopathici peritia psychiatrica vigilibus commodum magnum datura sit. Itaque Crawford adire statuit Clarissam Starling (Jodie Foster), alumnam [[Academia FBI|Academiae FBI]], cui mandat, ut Hannibalem Lecter percontetur. Credit enim, si Lecter opiniones suas de "Buffalo Bill" dare voluerit, hoc prodesse posse ad hunc capiendum homicidam periculosissimum. Itaque Starling [[Baltimora (Terra Mariae)|Baltimora]]m ad institutum psychiatricum iter facit, ubi doctor Fridericus Chilton (Anthony Heald), eam ad cellam Hannibalis Lecter ducit. Lecter primo comiter et urbane se gerit, sed deinde frustratus eam demittit, quod se a "[[sturnus|sturno]]" clam observari percipiat. Dum egreditur Clarissa, unus ex captivis masturbatus semen ex manu sua in faciem exientis iacit. Lecter hac ruditate foedissima iratus Clarissam revocat, eique dicit, ut unum ex pristinis aegrotis suis quaerat. Quo indicio Starling se confert ad quoddam receptaculum, ubi caput viri abscisum invenit in urceo positum. Qua de causa ad Lecter reversa novum accipit indicium: virum decapitatum cum Buffalo Bill aliquam habere rationem. Lecter, initio dubius, cooperari consentit, sed condicionem "[[quid pro quo]]" apponit: Ille quodvis Clarissae praebuerit indicium, haec quadam recula ex vita sua privata remunerabitur. Per colloquia eorum apparet Clarissam traumate psychologico laborare, nam puella matrem mature amisit, postea patrem, vigilem in proelio interfectum. Postea, breve tempus in fundo avunculi habitavit. Quodam mane, horrore experrecta, agnos ad mactationem electos sine auxilio balare audivit. Dixit enim se unum saltem agnum servare conatam esse. Attamen temptatio vana modum exessit parvae puellae. Hodie quoque interdum, dum dormit, balatum agnorum audit. Lecter angorem Clarissae agnoscit, putatque eam de capiendo "Buffalo Bill" et sic superando traumate suo somniare: tum demum agnorum fiat silentium. Dum "sessiones" progrediuntur, Lecter quandam misericordiam sentire videtur erga virginem ambitiosam et elegantem humilibus parentibus natam. Inter hos duos protagonistas, subtile certamen psychologicum oritur. Inter [[autopsia]]m victimae caedis, [[acherontia atropos]] — papilio qui in tergo imaginem [[calvaria]]e humanae similem habet — a Clarissa invenitur. Qui papilio ibi de industria positus esse videtur. Existimat Lecter interfectorem identitatem suam odisse, et quidem in aliquid pulchri, fortasse mulierem, transformari cupere. == Nexus externus == * {{IMDb title|0102926|Silence of the Lambs}} [[Categoria:Pelliculae 1991]] 2az671syj4dds89gnc32g35adm8oup7 0 324838 3957248 3957235 2026-04-27T12:25:06Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ 3957248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Sanctus]] {{res|Bartholomaeus Longo}} (vulgo ''Bartolo''; natus [[Lateanum|Lateani]] die [[10 Februarii]] [[1841]]; mortuus [[Pompeii]]s die [[5 Octobris]] [[1926]]) fuit [[iuris consultus]] [[Italia|Italicus]] et olim [[Satanas|sacerdos Satanicus]], qui ad fidem [[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholicam]] rediit et tertiarius [[Dominicanus]] factus est, vitam suam [[rosarium (oratio)|rosario]] et [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Virgini Mariae]] dedicans. [[Beatus]] est anno [[1980]] ab [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioanne Paulo II]] [[papa]] et [[canonizatio|canonizatus]] anno [[2025]] a [[Leo XIV|Leone XIV]] papa. == Opera == * [[1888]]: ''[https://books.google.it/books?id=y981AQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false San Domenico e l'Inquisizione al Tribunale della Ragione e della Storia]'' * ''Novena alla prodigiosa Vergine del Rosario di Pompei per impetrare le grazie nei casi più disperati'' == Bibliographia == * Nunzio Tamburro (1987). ''Pompei Fondata Da Bartolo Longo, Storia E Guida (1875-1987)'' {{ling|Italice}} * Rino Cammilleri (2020). ''Tutti i giorni con Maria, calendario delle apparizioni''. Mediolani: Edizioni Ares. ISBN 978-88-815-59-367. {{ling|Italice}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Bartolo Longo|Bartholomaeum Longo}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{sanctus-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1841|1926|Longo, Bartholomaeus}} [[Categoria:Causidici]] [[Categoria:Dominicani]] [[Categoria:Incolae Campaniae]] [[Categoria:Sancti]] dtaq7ij13y2witaqwkhtddsuhhyx4e1 0 324841 3957295 2026-04-27T18:03:35Z LilyKitty 18316 Paginam instituit, scribens '[[Fasciculus:World Intellectual Property Organization Logo.svg|thumb|[[Logotypus]] Institutum Totii Orbis pro Proprietate Intellectuali]] [[Fasciculus:World Intellectual Property Organization HQ 2004.jpg|thumb|Aedificium sedis Totii Orbis Instituti pro Proprietate Intellectuali]] '''Totius Orbis Institutum pro Proprietate Intellectuali''' ([[Anglice]]: ''World Intellectual Property Organization'', WIPO et [[Francogallice]]: ''Organisation mondiale de la propri...' 3957295 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:World Intellectual Property Organization Logo.svg|thumb|[[Logotypus]] Institutum Totii Orbis pro Proprietate Intellectuali]] [[Fasciculus:World Intellectual Property Organization HQ 2004.jpg|thumb|Aedificium sedis Totii Orbis Instituti pro Proprietate Intellectuali]] '''Totius Orbis Institutum pro Proprietate Intellectuali''' ([[Anglice]]: ''World Intellectual Property Organization'', WIPO et [[Francogallice]]: ''Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle '') est [[organizatio]] internationalis condita die [[14 Iulii]] [[1967]] ad [[dominium intellectuale]] protegendum. Sedes eius hodie in [[Geneva]] sedet. Origo Instituti fuit Officia Unitatum Internationale pro Protectione Proprietatis Intellectuali<ref>[[Francogallice]]: ''Bureaux internationaux Réunis pour la protection de la propriété intellectuelle''</ref> anno [[1893]] conditum quod Pactionem Lutetiae pro Protectione Propietatis Industriae anno 1883<ref>[[Francogallice]]: ''Convention de Paris pour la protection de la propiete industrielle'' decreta 1893.</ref> et Pactionem Bernae pro protectione operarum litteratum et artium.<ref>Francogallice: ''Convention de Berne pour la protection des œuvres littéraires et artistique'' decreta anno 1886</ref> Officia prinum in [[Berna]] sedet, sed anno 1860 ad Genevam mutantur. == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} *[[Dies mundialis proprietatis intellectuali]] == Nexus externi == *[https://www.wipo.int/portal/en/ Situs publicus] (Anglice) *[https://www.wipo.int/portal/fr/index.html Situs publicus] (Francogsllice) [[Categoria:Nationum Unitae]] [[Categoria:Intellegentia]] [[Categoria:Ius auctoris]] [[Categoria:Consituti anno 1967]] fr3wvmgxcegx6weieq6qyvzv7wi2rh2 3957298 3957295 2026-04-27T18:14:00Z LilyKitty 18316 corrigendum 3957298 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:World Intellectual Property Organization Logo.svg|thumb|[[Logotypus]] Institutum Totii Orbis pro Proprietate Intellectuali]] [[Fasciculus:World Intellectual Property Organization HQ 2004.jpg|thumb|Aedificium sedis Totii Orbis Instituti pro Proprietate Intellectuali]] [[Fasciculus:World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) members world map.png|thumb|[[Carta geographica]] civitatum qui Institutum participant.]] '''Totius Orbis Institutum pro Proprietate Intellectuali''' ([[Anglice]]: ''World Intellectual Property Organization'', WIPO et [[Francogallice]]: ''Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle '') est [[organizatio]] internationalis condita die [[14 Iulii]] [[1967]] ad [[dominium intellectuale]] protegendum. Sedes eius hodie in [[Geneva]] sedet. Anno [[1974]], officium speciale [[Nationes Unitae|Nationum Unitarum]] factus est. Hodie 194 civitates hoc institutum participaverunt. Origo Instituti fuit Officia Unitatum Internationale pro Protectione Proprietatis Intellectuali<ref>[[Francogallice]]: ''Bureaux internationaux Réunis pour la protection de la propriété intellectuelle''</ref> anno [[1893]] conditum quod Pactionem Lutetiae pro Protectione Propietatis Industriae anno 1883<ref>[[Francogallice]]: ''Convention de Paris pour la protection de la propiete industrielle'' decreta 1893.</ref> et Pactionem Bernae pro protectione operarum litteratum et artium.<ref>Francogallice: ''Convention de Berne pour la protection des œuvres littéraires et artistique'' decreta anno 1886</ref> Officia prinum in [[Berna]] sedet, sed anno 1860 ad Genevam mutantur. == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} *[[Dies mundialis proprietatis intellectuali]] == Nexus externi == *[https://www.wipo.int/portal/en/ Situs publicus] (Anglice) *[https://www.wipo.int/portal/fr/index.html Situs publicus] (Francogsllice) [[Categoria:Nationes Unitae]] [[Categoria:Intellegentia]] [[Categoria:Ius auctoris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1967]] ifcn94x4f5iom59aqzjqd550nazoh8g 0 324842 3957301 2026-04-27T19:16:42Z LilyKitty 18316 Paginam instituit, scribens '[[Fasciculus:World Intellectual Property Day 2023 "Women in Science – Shaping the Future" Roundtable (52853428100).jpg|thumb|Visio conferentiae apud Diem mundialis proprietatis intellectuali]] '''Dies mundialis proprietatis intellectualis''' est die internationalis celebreta die [[26 Aprilis]] quique anno decreta a [[Totius Orbis Institutum pro Proprietate Intellectuali|Institutum Totius Orbis pro Proprietate Intellectuali]] ad dominium intellectuale|domini...' 3957301 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:World Intellectual Property Day 2023 "Women in Science – Shaping the Future" Roundtable (52853428100).jpg|thumb|Visio conferentiae apud Diem mundialis proprietatis intellectuali]] '''Dies mundialis proprietatis intellectualis''' est die internationalis celebreta die [[26 Aprilis]] quique anno decreta a [[Totius Orbis Institutum pro Proprietate Intellectuali|Institutum Totius Orbis pro Proprietate Intellectuali]] ad [[dominium intellectuale|dominium intelletualem]], [[diploma inventionis]] et [[ius auctoris]] promovendum decreta anno [[2000]].<ref>[https://www.wipo.int/en/web/ipday De die mundiali pro proprietate intellectuali]</ref> Origo diei tempus in quo Pactio Instituti pro Proprietate Intellectuali<ref>Plene [[Anglice]]: Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization</ref> conditandum in poentiam itt. == Themae == *[[2022]] : Proprietas intellectualis et [[iuventus]] *[[2023]] : [[Mulier]]es et proprietatis intellectualis: Futura communis cum [[innovatio]]ne et [[creativitas|creativitate]] creandum *[[2024]] : Proprietas intellectualis et [[Proposita progressus durabilis]] *[[2025]] : Proprietas intellectioalis et[[ musica]] *[[2026]] : Proprietas intellectionlis et [[ars athletica]] == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == *[https://www.wipo.int/en/web/ipday Situs officialis] ([[Anglice]]) [[Categoria:Ritus Aprilis]] [[Categoria:Intellegentia]] [[Categoria:Ius auctoris]] [[Categoria:Nationes Unitae]] dppqz39m1cb9da6pdgvq90u7ih1m8ue 3957337 3957301 2026-04-27T22:26:35Z IacobusAmor 1163 3957337 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:World Intellectual Property Day 2023 "Women in Science – Shaping the Future" Roundtable (52853428100).jpg|thumb|Visio conferentiae apud Diem mundialis proprietatis intellectuali]] '''Dies mundialis proprietatis intellectualis''' est die inter gentes celebreta die [[26 Aprilis]] quique anno, ab [[Totius Orbis Institutum pro Proprietate Intellectuali|Institutum Totius Orbis pro Proprietate Intellectuali]] ad [[dominium intellectuale|dominium intellectualem]], [[diploma inventionis]], et [[ius auctoris]] promovendum anno [[2000]] constituta.<ref>[https://www.wipo.int/en/web/ipday De die mundiali pro proprietate intellectuali]</ref> Origo diei tempus in quo Pactio Instituti pro Proprietate Intellectuali<ref>Plene [[Anglice]] ''Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization.''</ref> conditandum in poentiam itt. == Themata == *[[2022]] : Proprietas intellectualis et [[iuventus]] *[[2023]] : [[Mulier]]es et proprietatis intellectualis: Futura communis cum [[innovatio]]ne et [[creativitas|creativitate]] creandum *[[2024]] : Proprietas intellectualis et [[Proposita progressus durabilis]] *[[2025]] : Proprietas intellectioalis et[[ musica]] *[[2026]] : Proprietas intellectionlis et [[ars athletica]] == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == *[https://www.wipo.int/en/web/ipday Situs interretialis diei proprius.] ([[Anglice]]) [[Categoria:Intellegentia]] [[Categoria:Ius auctoris]] [[Categoria:Nationes Unitae]] [[Categoria:Ritus Aprilis]] bhtwpvolhdd26f4gdkw3wm7k5hcf9p9 3957339 3957337 2026-04-27T22:28:34Z IacobusAmor 1163 IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Dies mundialis proprietatis intellectuali]] ad [[Dies mundialis proprietatis intellectualis]]: Lemma 3957337 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:World Intellectual Property Day 2023 "Women in Science – Shaping the Future" Roundtable (52853428100).jpg|thumb|Visio conferentiae apud Diem mundialis proprietatis intellectuali]] '''Dies mundialis proprietatis intellectualis''' est die inter gentes celebreta die [[26 Aprilis]] quique anno, ab [[Totius Orbis Institutum pro Proprietate Intellectuali|Institutum Totius Orbis pro Proprietate Intellectuali]] ad [[dominium intellectuale|dominium intellectualem]], [[diploma inventionis]], et [[ius auctoris]] promovendum anno [[2000]] constituta.<ref>[https://www.wipo.int/en/web/ipday De die mundiali pro proprietate intellectuali]</ref> Origo diei tempus in quo Pactio Instituti pro Proprietate Intellectuali<ref>Plene [[Anglice]] ''Convention establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization.''</ref> conditandum in poentiam itt. == Themata == *[[2022]] : Proprietas intellectualis et [[iuventus]] *[[2023]] : [[Mulier]]es et proprietatis intellectualis: Futura communis cum [[innovatio]]ne et [[creativitas|creativitate]] creandum *[[2024]] : Proprietas intellectualis et [[Proposita progressus durabilis]] *[[2025]] : Proprietas intellectioalis et[[ musica]] *[[2026]] : Proprietas intellectionlis et [[ars athletica]] == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == *[https://www.wipo.int/en/web/ipday Situs interretialis diei proprius.] ([[Anglice]]) [[Categoria:Intellegentia]] [[Categoria:Ius auctoris]] [[Categoria:Nationes Unitae]] [[Categoria:Ritus Aprilis]] bhtwpvolhdd26f4gdkw3wm7k5hcf9p9 0 324843 3957340 2026-04-27T22:28:34Z IacobusAmor 1163 IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Dies mundialis proprietatis intellectuali]] ad [[Dies mundialis proprietatis intellectualis]]: Lemma 3957340 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Dies mundialis proprietatis intellectualis]] mlnnjqf24pijxc5g8k2xhhsscgbd0ve 0 324844 3957347 2026-04-28T00:39:50Z Bartholomite 116968 nova 3957347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Sanctus|Sancta]] {{res|Helena Guerra}}, OSS (nata [[Luca]]e die [[23 Iunii]] [[1835]]; mortua ibidem die [[11 Aprilis]] [[1914]]), fuit [[religiosus|religiosa]] [[Italia|Italica]]. [[Institutum Oblatarum Spiritus Sancti]] condidit. Guerra erat firma fautor [[Spiritus Sanctus|Spiritus Sancti]] ut incitamenti ad opera pia facienda. Vitam suam imprimis [[educatio]]ni [[puella]]rum [[Sinae (gens)|Sinarum]] et [[Africa]]narum dedicavit. Guerra epistulas ad Papam [[Leo XIII|Leonem XIII]] scripsit, rogans ut devotionem erga Spiritum Sanctum promoveret. Leo XIII, qui respondit, [[encyclica]]m ''[[Divinum illud munus]]'' promulgavit. [[Beatus|Beatificata]] est anno [[1959]] ab [[papa]] [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioanne XXIII]] et canonizata est anno [[2024]] ab [[Franciscus (papa)|papa Francisco]]. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Elena Guerra|Helenam Guerra}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [[Leo XIII]] (1897). ''[https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/la/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_09051897_divinum-illud-munus.html Divinum illud munus]'' (epistola encyclica). [[Sancta Sedes]]. {{ling|Latine}} * [[Ioannes XXIII]] (1959). ''[https://www.vatican.va/content/john-xxiii/la/apost_letters/1959/documents/hf_j-xxiii_apl_19590426_renovans-faciem.html Renovans faciem]'' (litterae apostolicae). Sancta Sedes. {{ling|Latine}} {{Sanctus-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1835|1914|Guerra, Helena}} [[Categoria:Incolae Tusciae]] [[Categoria:Religiosi]] [[Categoria:Sancti]] tgl4i6uib711bpv5phlqx7nf31zrfp9 3957348 3957347 2026-04-28T00:40:52Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nexus externi */ 3957348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Sanctus|Sancta]] {{res|Helena Guerra}}, OSS (nata [[Luca]]e die [[23 Iunii]] [[1835]]; mortua ibidem die [[11 Aprilis]] [[1914]]), fuit [[religiosus|religiosa]] [[Italia|Italica]]. [[Institutum Oblatarum Spiritus Sancti]] condidit. Guerra erat firma fautor [[Spiritus Sanctus|Spiritus Sancti]] ut incitamenti ad opera pia facienda. Vitam suam imprimis [[educatio]]ni [[puella]]rum [[Sinae (gens)|Sinarum]] et [[Africa]]narum dedicavit. Guerra epistulas ad Papam [[Leo XIII|Leonem XIII]] scripsit, rogans ut devotionem erga Spiritum Sanctum promoveret. Leo XIII, qui respondit, [[encyclica]]m ''[[Divinum illud munus]]'' promulgavit. [[Beatus|Beatificata]] est anno [[1959]] ab [[papa]] [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioanne XXIII]] et canonizata est anno [[2024]] ab [[Franciscus (papa)|papa Francisco]]. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Elena Guerra|Helenam Guerra}} * [[Leo XIII]] (1897). ''[https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/la/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_09051897_divinum-illud-munus.html Divinum illud munus]'' (epistola encyclica). [[Sancta Sedes]]. {{ling|Latine}} * [[Ioannes XXIII]] (1959). ''[https://www.vatican.va/content/john-xxiii/la/apost_letters/1959/documents/hf_j-xxiii_apl_19590426_renovans-faciem.html Renovans faciem]'' (litterae apostolicae). Sancta Sedes. {{ling|Latine}} {{Sanctus-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1835|1914|Guerra, Helena}} [[Categoria:Incolae Tusciae]] [[Categoria:Religiosi]] [[Categoria:Sancti]] mlctkp3tqab7uxqrdi21xii92kachjx