Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae Adumbratio Disputatio Adumbrationis TimedText TimedText talk Modulus Disputatio Moduli Event Event talk Lutetia 0 455 3965123 3950918 2026-06-15T21:14:35Z Ailamnos 165281 Nexus correctus 3965123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{videdis|Lutetia (discretiva)|Parisii (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} {{res|Lutetia Parisiorum}} vel {{res|Lutetia apud Parisios}}, a [[Medium Aevum|tempore mediaevali]] etiam {{res|Parisius}}<ref> Vide {{Graesse}} (vol. 2 p. 432 editionis 1972). Ibi etiam ''Parisii, Loticia Parisiorum, Parisis, Paris.''</ref><ref name="Hauvilla" /> ([[Francogallice]] ''Paris''), hodie saepissime {{res|Lutetia}} tantum, [[caput (urbs)|caput]] et maxima [[Francia]]e [[urbs]] est. [[Flumen]] [[Sequana]] urbem in duas partes dividit, scilicet [[septentrio]]nalem (''rive droite'' 'ripam dextram') ac [[meridies|meridianam]] (''rive gauche'' 'ripam sinistram'). In ipsa Lutetia urbe, quae ex viginti [[circumdarium|circumdariis]] exstat, 2&thinsp;229&thinsp; 621, in agglomeratione 12&thinsp; 405 &thinsp;426 homines die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2013]] incolunt. [[Suburbium|Suburbia]] extra anulum [[autovia]]e sita sunt [[commune|communia]] propria, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|''banlieue''||en|qid=Q1940624}} omnino appellata, quae non ad Lutetiam ipsam pertinent. Lutetia, cum [[Londinium|Londinio]] [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novoque Eboraco]], inter urbes [[Occidens|Occidentales]] illustrissimas omnino numeratur. Singularis Franciae locus medius rerum [[politica]]rum, [[oeconomia|oeconomicarum]], [[cultura]]lium est, atque [[via]]rum nexus maximi momenti; urbi quidem sunt tres [[aeroportus]] et sex [[statio ferriviaria|stationes ferriviariae terminales]]. Urbs [[UNESCO]], [[Organizatio co-operationis oeconomicae et evolutionis|OECD]], et [[ICC]]{{dubsig}} hospitium praebet. Anno [[1989]], inter [[caput culturale Europaeum|capita culturalia Europaea]] numerabatur. [[Fasciculus:Lightning_striking_the_Eiffel_Tower_-_NOAA.jpg|thumb|[[Fulmen]] [[Turris Eiffelia|turrim Eiffeliam]] ferit.]] == Nomina == [[Nomen proprium|Nomen loci]] in fontibus [[antiquitas|antiquissimis]] [[Graece|Graecis]] ad [[nemeton|lucum]] referet, et ''{{Polytonic|Λουκοτοκία}}''<ref>{{Strabo}} 4.3.5.</ref> et ''{{Polytonic|Λουκετία}}''<ref>''Lucetia'': [[Flavius Claudius Iulianus|Iulianus]], ''[[Misopogon]]'' 340.</ref> esse constat, [[Latine|Latinis]] ''Lutetia'' vel ''Lutecia.''<ref>"Lutetia, Lutecia, Lucetia": mss. [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]], ''[[De bello Gallico]]'' 7.57-58.</ref><ref>''Luticia'': {{IA}} 366.5, 368.2, 383.1, 384.1-12.</ref><ref>''Luteci'': {{Peutinger}}</ref> Caesar "Lutetiam [[Parisii (gens Galliae)|Parisiorum]]" semel refert,<ref>[[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]], ''[[De bello Gallico]]'' 6.3.</ref> [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammianus]] semel plenius "Parisiorum castellum, Luticia nomine",<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' 15.11.3.</ref> [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemaeus]] "{{Polytonic|Λευκοτεκία Παρισίων}}"<ref>''Leucotecia Parisiorum'': {{Ptol Geog}} 2.8.10.</ref> et {{IA}} semel ''Luticia Parisiorum,''<ref>{{IA}} 366.5.</ref> e quibus fontibus satis constat nomen Latinum plenum ''Lutetia Parisiorum'' fuisse.<ref>E.g. {{TIR}} M.30 (Londinii, 1983), 77-79.</ref><ref>''Lutecia Parisiorum'': {{KP}}.</ref> Fuit caput civitatis Parisiorum: verba igitur <small>A CIV PAR</small> in [[miliarium|miliario]] Romano reperiuntur, scilicet 'a civitate Parisia seu Parisiorum, a Lutetia'.<ref>{{CIL|13|08974}}.</ref> Alibi [[casus locativus|locativum]] habemus "apud Parisiam civitatem."<ref>Ita de [[Concilium Parisiense (360|Concilio anno 360 habito]] refertur.</ref> Forma ''Parisiis'' mox reperitur, qua intellegitur "in civitate vel urbe Parisiorum, i.e. Lutetiae." In fontibus mediaevalibus saepissime ''Parisius'' verbum indeclinabile adhibetur; aevo autem [[Renascentia]]e, editores aliqui ''Parisiis'' se [[liber|libros]] venditare proclamant, alii nomen classicum praeferentes, ''Lutetiae.'' [[Nomen adiectivum]] ''Parisiensis'' hominibus, [[dioecesis|dioecesi]], [[universitas|universitati]], [[archidioecesis|archidioecesi]], conciliis semper attribuitur.<ref>Vide e.g. [[Archidioecesis Parisiensis]], [[Concilium Parisiense (1210)]].</ref> Et in lingua Gallorum ''Lutetia'' dixit 'locus paludis'.<!--Fons?--> [[Fasciculus:Grandes armes de la ville de Paris.svg|thumb|Insigne urbis Lutetiae sententiam "Fluctuat nec mergitur" et navem monstrat.]] Sententiola urbana est "Fluctuat nec mergitur," quae in insigni videtur. == Geographia == === Locus geographicus === Media urbs sexaginta quinque [[metrum|metra]] supra [[maris aequor]] eminet. Undique magnis [[silva|silvis]] cingitur, quae recuperationem populo commodant. Urbis [[rus]]{{dubsig}}<!--suburbium?--> [[superficies|superficiem]] 105.4 [[chiliometrum quadratum|chiliometris quadratis]] habet. Locus inter fines urbanos [[altitudo|altissimus]] est 129 metra altus, in [[Mons Martyrum|Monte Martyrum]] situs. === Aer === Tempestas Lutetiana praecipue sicca est. Mediocris [[temperatura]] est 10.6° C. [[Mensis]] [[Iulius]] est [[calor|calidissimus]], quo 18.0 gradus Celsius, [[frigus|frigidissimus]] Ianuarius, quo 3.4° Celsius mediocriter metiri solent. Plurimum mense [[Iunius|Iunio]] [[pluvia|pluit]], dum 65 [[millimetrum|millimetra]] est imbri altitudo mediocris, minimum mensibus [[Februarius|Februario]] [[Aprilis|Aprilique]], dum 45 millimetra imbri cadunt. == Structura urbis == [[Fasciculus:Paris City Hall DSC00050.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Flumen Sequana.]] [[Fasciculus:1882 Andriveau-Goujon Pocket Map of Paris, France - Geographicus - Paris-andriveau-1882.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Forma Lutetiae anno [[1882]] picta, circumdariis varie [[color]]atis.]] Ab anno [[1790]] Lutetiae exstetit praesidium praefecturae [[Sequana (praefectura Franciae)|Sequanae]], quae anno [[1968]] destituta Lutetia fit urbs, [[commune]], eodem tempore et praefectura cuius nomen est ''[[Urbs Lutetiae (praefectura Franciae)|Ville de Paris]]'' ('Urbs Lutetiae'). Commune Lutetiae in [[Circumdarium|circumdaria]] [[viginti]] dividitur, quorum index inveniri potest in pagina "[[Circumdaria Lutetiae]]". Omne circumdarium in [[quattuor]] compitis in pagina "[[Compita Lutetiae]]" enumeratis subdividitur. == Historia == Ad [[occidens|occidentalem]] partem [[regio]]nis, ubi hodie stat Lutetia, [[oppidum]] constructum est [[saeculum 3|saeculo tertio a.C.n.]] ad ripam sinistram fluminis [[Sequana]]e, aut fortasse (si cursus fluminis postea mutatus est) in [[insula]]. Locus recentissime ab [[archaeologus|archaeologis]] repertus est, [[habitatio]]nibus et officinis dives, in suburbio a recentioribus [[Nemetodurum]] appellato. De hoc oppido textus classici nihil dicunt, nisi quod [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|C. Caesar]], qui ad hanc regionem primum anno [[53 a.C.n.]] advenit, "Lutetiam Parisiorum" refert.<ref>Caesar, ''De bello Gallico'' 6.3.</ref> [[52 a.C.n|Anno sequente]], rebus novis in civitatibus [[Gallia]]e commotis [[Titus Labienus|Labienoque]] in flumine ad Lutetiam [[navigatio|navigante]], dux Gallidus[[Camulogenus]] Lutetiam ("oppidum Parisiorum, quod positum est in insula fluminis Sequanae") incendi pontesque rescindi curavit, sed mox in [[proelium Lutetiae (52 a.C.n.)|proelio]] debellatus est.<ref>Caesar, ''De bello Gallico'' 7.57-58.</ref> Hoc [[oppidum]], anno 52 a.C.n. combustum, aut idem fuit atque illud cuius ruinae iuxta Nemetodurum reperiuntur, aut aliud, hodie omnino deperditum, in [[Insula Civitatis]] et [[Insula Sancti Ludovici]] positum. Hac re incerta manente, sub [[Imperium Romanum|Imperio Romano]] urbs Lutetia e novo aedificata est, metropolis civitatis [[Parisii (gens Galliae)|Parisiorum]] in provincia [[Gallia Lugdunensis|Gallia Lugdunensi]], partim in insula civitatis, partim ad ripam Sequanae sinistram collocata ubi [[Iter a Burdigala Lutetiam|via]] a [[Burdigala]] et [[Cenabum|Cenabo]] ad [[septentrio]]nes tendens descendit e monte nobis [[Mons Sanctae Genovefae|Sanctae Genovefae]] cognito [[pons|pontesque]] duos attigit, qui ripam sinistram ad insulam et istam ad ripam dextram coniungunt. Novae urbis haec via factus est [[cardo maximus]], cuius vestigiis superiacet [[Via Sancti Iacobi (Lutetia)|Via Sancti Iacobi]]<!--rue Saint-Jacques--> hodierna. Romani [[mercatus|forum]], tres [[thermae|thermas]], aliaque aedificia publica creaverunt ad ripam sinistram: ruinae thermarum iuxta [[Museum Cluniacense]]<!--Musée de Cluny--> visitari possunt. [[Aquaeductus]] e collibus meridianis aquam ferebat. [[Amphitheatrum]] extra urbis limites orientem versus iacebat. [[Templum|Templa]] autem et [[crepido|crepidines]], fortasse cum aliis aedificiis, in insula posita sunt. Ibi [[Tiberius (imperator)|Tiberio]] regnante [[Nautae Parisiaci|nautae]] fluminis Sequanae, se <small>NAVTAS PARISIACOS</small> appellantes, [[cippus nautarum|cippum lapideum]] deis Romanis et Celticis et praecipue <small>IOVI OPTVM MAXSUMO</small> ("[[Iuppiter|Iovi Optimo Maximo]]") dicaverunt, cuius maior pars [[saeculum 18|saeculo duodevicensimo]] ineunte sub [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Lutetiae|ecclesia Nostrae Dominae]] reperta est. Urbs cito crescere coepit: hinc enim eadem [[Iter a Castello Lutetiam|via ad septentriones]] porrexit usque ad [[Silvanectum|Augustomagum]] et [[Samarobriva]]m provinciasque [[Gallia Belgica|Galliam Belgicam]], [[Germania Inferior|Germaniam Inferiorem]] et [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britanniam]]. Hinc etiam super flumen nautae Parisiaci<ref>Vide "Parisii" in {{KP}}.</ref> faciliter ad [[Rothomagus|Rothomagum]] descendebant et usque ad [[litus|oram]] [[Oceanus Britannicus|Oceani Britannici]]. Saeculis autem tertio et quarto, rebus politicis incertioribus factis et itaque urbe insulari muris novis cincta, [[regio]]nes ripae sinistrae fortasse minus habitatae erant: in illis muris [[lapis|lapides]] [[cippus nautarum|cippi nautarum]] inserti sunt. Itaque [[Flavius Claudius Iulianus|Iulianus]], qui, dum [[Alemanni|Alemannos]] [[Franci|Francosque]] debellavit, ab anno [[355]] ad annum [[360]] Lutetiae mansit ibique Augustus acclamatus est,<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' 20.4.</ref> urbem insularem sicut ipse vidit ita descripsit: :Ego olim eram in hibernis apud caram Lutetiam (sic enim Galli Parisiorum oppidum appellant), quae [[insula]] est non magna, fluvio imminens, qui eam omni ex parte tangit. Pontes sublicii ambabus e ripis ad eam ferunt, raroque fluvius minuitur ac crescit, sed qualis [[aestas|aestate]], talis solet esse [[hiems|hieme]]. [[Aqua]] est iucundissima et aspectu purissima, ex eaque illi bibunt: nam, cum insulam habitent, ibi maxime eos aquari necesse est. Hiems est illic placidissima propter calorem (ut aiunt) [[oceanus|oceani]]: stadia enim abest non amplius nonaginta, ac fortasse quaedam tenuis aura aquae illinc diffunditur. . . . Hiems eius terrae incolis mitior est: praeterea vites bonae illic nascuntur: quinetiam aliquos ficos iam arte quadam extulerunt.<ref group="conv.">{{Polytonic|Ἐτύγχανον ἐγὼ χειμάζων περὶ τὴν φίλην Λουτεκίαν· ὀνομάζουσι δὲ οὕτως οἱ Κελτοὶ τῶν Παρισίων τὴν πολίχνην. Ἔστι δὲ οὐ μεγάλη νῆσος ἐγκειμένη τῷ ποταμῷ, καὶ αὐτὴν κύκλῳ πᾶσαν τὸ τεῖχος καταλαμβάνει, ξύλιναι δὲ ἐπ´ αὐτὴν ἀμφοτέρωθεν εἰσάγουσι γέφυραι, καὶ ὀλιγάκις ὁ ποταμὸς ἐλαττοῦται καὶ μείζων γίνεται, τὰ πολλὰ δέ ἐστιν ὁποῖος ὥρᾳ θέρους καὶ χειμῶνος, ὕδωρ ἥδιστον καὶ καθαρώτατον ὁρᾶν καὶ πίνειν ἐθέλοντι παρέχων. Ἅτε γὰρ νῆσον οἰκοῦντας ὑδρεύεσθαι μάλιστα ἐνθένδε χρή. Γίνεται δὲ καὶ ὁ χειμὼν ἐκεῖ πρᾳότερος, εἴτε ὑπὸ τῆς θέρμης τοῦ ὠκεανοῦ (στάδια γὰρ ἀπέχει τῶν ἐννακοσίων οὐ πλείω, καὶ διαδίδοται τυχὸν λεπτή τις αὖρα τοῦ ὕδατος. . . . ἀλεεινότερον ἔχουσιν οἱ τὸ χωρίον οἰκοῦντες τὸν χειμῶνα, καὶ φύεται παρ´ αὐτοῖς ἄμπελος ἀγαθή, καὶ συκᾶς ἤδη τινές εἰσιν οἳ ἐμηχανήσαντο}}.</ref>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1=[[Flavius Claudius Iulianus|Iulianus]], ''[[Misopogon]]'' {{Google Books|PR9MAAAAcAAJ|pp. 38–41}} (versio Latina {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Petrus Martinius Morentinus Navarrus|Petri Martini Morentini|fr|qid=Q27150922}}).|2=Q27150922}} Multi [[rex|reges]] e [[Chlodovechus|Chlodovechi]] stirpe, etiamsi semper [[peregrinatio|peregrinabant]] et administratione perenni carebant, Lutetiam ut regni caput elegerunt. [[Ludovicus VII (rex Franciae)|Ludovicus VII]] et [[Philippus II (rex Franciae)|Philippus Augustus]] autem primi fuerunt reges, qui curiam et cancellariam suas Lutetiae manere iusserunt et illic diu vixerunt. Ergo a [[saeculum 12|saeculo duodecimo]] Lutetia sine dubio caput Franciae est. [[Ioannes de Hauvilla]], [[poeta]] istius saeculi, urbem [[regnum]]que [[Francia]]e his verbis laudat: :: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . altera regia [[Phoebus|Phebi]], ::'''Parisius''', [[Apollo|Cirrea]] viris, [[Aurea Chersonesus|Crisea]] [[metallum|metallis]], ::[[Graecia|Greca]] [[liber|libris]], [[India|Inda]] studiis, Romana poetis, ::[[Athenae|Attica terra]] [[philosophia|sophis]], mundi [[rosa]], [[balsamus]] orbis, ::[[Sidon]]is ornatu, sua [[cibus|mensis]] et sua [[potio|potu]], ::Dives agris, fecunda [[vinum|mero]], mansueta [[colonia|colonis]], ::Messe ferax, inoperta rubis, [[silva|nemorosa]] racemis, ::Munda [[domus|domo]], fortis domino, pia [[rex|regibus]], aura ::Dulcis, amena situ, bona quolibet: omne venustum, ::Omne bonum, si sola [[Fortuna bonis favet|bonis Fortuna faveret]]!<ref name="Hauvilla">[[Ioannes de Hauvilla]], ''[[Architrenius]]'' 2.483–494</ref> == Res oeconomicae == Sunt qui putent urbem [[mos|moris]] [[vestis]] (vel [[moda]]e, [[Lingua Francica|Francice]] ''mode'') orbis una cum [[Mediolanum|Mediolano]] caput esse, quia Lutetiae multae sumptuosorum vestium factorum [[taberna (commercium)|tabernae]] sunt. Ibi etiam multa [[diarium|diaria]] edita sunt, exempli gratia ''[[Le Figaro]],'' ''[[Libération]],'' ''[[France Soir]],'' et ''[[Le Monde]].'' == Commeatus == [[Ferrivia]]e magnae Lutetiam ad urbes Franciae et [[Europa]]e conectunt. In [[Tramen grandis velocitatis|traminibus grandis velocitatis]] ([[TGV]]) hodie homines e. g. [[Massilia]]m (775 km distantem) intra tres horas e Lutetiae [[Statio Lugdunensis|Statione Lugdunensi]] (''Gare de Lyon'') vehi possunt. Tramen sub [[Oceanus Britannicus|Oceano Britannico]] inter Lutetiae [[Statio Borealis (Lutetia)|Stationem Borealem]] (''Gare du Nord'') et [[Londinium]] fere intra tres horas it. E stationibus maximis lineae ad varias Franciae partes extenduntur, e [[Statio Sancti Lazari|statione Sancti Lazari]] (''Gare Saint-Lazare'') anno [[1837]] coepta ad [[Franciscopolis|Franciscopolim]] et [[Cadomum]], ad [[Burdigala]]m et [[Tolosa]]m, e [[Statio Orientalis (Lutetia)|statione Orientali]] (''Gare de l'Est'') usque ad [[Argentoratum]], e [[Statio Austerlitz|statione Austerlitz]] ad [[Aurelianum]] olimque ad [[Burdigala]]m, eo autem hodie a [[Statio Montis Parnassi|statione Montis Parnassi]] ''Gare Montparnasse'' itur, unde et in [[Britannia Minor|Britanniam minorem]] per vallem [[Liger]]is itinera fiunt. Tramina [[nox|nocturna]] praecipue e stationibus Austerlitz et [[Statio Bercy|Bercy]] poficiscunt. Ex his stationibus tramina etiam internationalia currunt: e statione Orientali die [[1 Iunii]] [[1889]] [[expressum Orientale]], paulo antea inceptum, primum a Lutetia sine interruptione usque ad [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolim]] pervenit. [[Statio Orsay]], propter architecturam magnifica, anno [[1900]] ad ripam sinistram [[Sequana]]e constructa est ad lineas stationis Austerlitz in mediam urbem prolongendas, quo tempore [[Expositio Universalis (1900)|Expositio Universalis]] Lutetiae frequentabatur; anno [[1986]] in [[Museum Orsay]] conversa est. [[Duo]]s habet urbs [[aeroportus]], quorum maior est [[Aëroportus Caroli de Gaulle]] (interdum ''Roissy'' nuncupatus), prope [[septentrio]]nalem urbis partem, ubi [[aeroplanum|aeroplana]] ad urbes principes totius orbis volant; minor est [[Aëroportus Orlianus]], in [[suburbium|suburbiis]] meridianis situs. [[Ferrivia subterranea]] [[Ferrivia Metropolitana Lutetiana|metropolitana Parisiensis]], vulgo brevissime ''le métro'', cuncta die 4&nbsp;500&nbsp;000 hominum portat. Lineae [[quattuordecim]] enumerantur, quarum antiquissima ([[Linea 1 (Metropolitana Lutetiae)|Linea 1]]), [[Porta Vincenarum|Portam Vincenarum]] orientalem et [[Porta Maillot|Portam Maillot]] occidentalem adnectans, die [[19 Iulii]] [[1900]] coepta et primum ab [[Expositio Universalis (Lutetia)|Expositionem Universalem]] frequentantibus adhibita est. Novissima ([[Linea 14 (Metropolitana Lutetiae)|Linea 14]]), [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica|Bibliothecae Nationalis Francicae]] aedificium novum attingens, annis ab [[1998]] ad [[2007]] constructa est. Lineae metropolitanae stationes habent crebrissimas, metris circiter 548 solum inter se distantes, tempore itineris inter proximis 1 [[minutum|min.]] 20 [[Secundum|sec.]], nec plura, elapso. Ab anno [[1977]] lineae quinque, titulo [[Rete Expressum Regionale]] (''RER'') appellatae, additae sunt, quae tramina rapidissima per [[suburbium|suburbia]] et sub ipsa urbe iuxta lineas metropolitanas ferunt. Per ferrivias metropolitanam et ''RER'' expeditissime inter stationes magnas et usque ad [[Aeroportus Caroli de Gaulle|Aëroportum Caroli de Gaulle]] itur. [[Laophorium|Laophoria]] per totam urbem [[dies|die]] et [[nox|nocte]] currunt. == Scaena urbana == {{wide image|Tour Eiffel 360 Panorama.jpg|1800px|[[Panorama]] '''Lutetiae''' ex [[Turris Eiffeliana|Turri Eiffeliana]] visum<!-- as full 360-degree view.-->}} {{wide image|Paris Night.jpg|800px|Prospectus occidentalis '''Lutetiae''' lateris e summo [[Turris Montparnasse]] crepusculo visus}} == Loci et aedificia notissima == [[Fasciculus:Arc_Triomphe.jpg|thumb|[[Arcus Triumphalis]] in media platea [[Carolus de Gaulle|Caroli de Gaulle]] (sive platea Stellae) situs.]] [[Fasciculus:Arènes_de_lutèce_gradin_nord.jpg|thumb|[[Amphitheatrum Lutetiae]], [[saeculum 1|saeculo primo]] aedificatum, est maximum amphitheatrum [[Imperium Romanum|Romanum]] [[Gallia]]e.]] [[Fasciculus:Paris Latin sign.jpg|thumb|Sunt qui etiam hodie [[lingua Latina|linguae Latinae]] Lutetiae favent.]] {{div col|3}} * [[Amphitheatrum Lutetiae]] * [[Arcus Triumphalis]] * [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Francica]] * [[Campi Elysii]] * [[Campus Martius (Lutetia)|Campus Martius]] * [[Castrum Vilcenarum]] * [[Deversorium Ritz]] * [[Forum des Halles]] * [[Hortus Laterariarum]] * [[Hortus Luxemburgi]] * [[Hortus Plantarum]] * [[Magnum Palatium]] * [[Mons Martyrum]] * [[Mons Parnassus (Lutetia)|Mons Parnassus]] * [[Theatrum Operaticum Bastillae|Opera Bastillae]] * [[Palatium Garnier|Opera Garnier]] * [[Palatium Borbonis]] * [[Palatium Iustitiae]] * [[Palatium Laterariarum]] * [[Palatium Luxemburgi]] * [[Palatium Elysii]] * [[Palatium Regium (Lutetia)|Palatium Regium]] * [[Parvum Palatium]] * [[Platea Bastillae]] * [[Platea Concordiae]] * [[Platea Vosegorum]] * [[Praesidium Lutetiae]] * [[Silva Bononiae]] * [[Silva Vilcenarum]] * [[Turris Eiffelia]] * [[Turris montis Parnassi]] * [[Turris Sancti Iacobi]] {{div col end}} === Musea === {{div col|2}} * [[Museum artium modernarum urbis Lutetiae]] * [[Conservatorium Nationale Artium et Munerum|Museum des Artium et Munerum]] * [[Museum Carnavalet]] * [[Museum Cernuschi]] * [[Museum Cluniacense]] * [[Museum Cognacq-Jay]] * [[Museum Guimet]] * [[Museum Jacquemart-André]] * [[Museum Lupariense]] * [[Museum musicum]] * [[Museum nationale artium modernarum]] in [[Centrum Pompidou|Centro Pompidou]] conclusum * [[Museum Nationale Historiae Naturalis (Lutetia)|Museum nationale historiae naturalis]] * [[Museum Nissim de Camondo]] * [[Museum Orsay]] * [[Museum in crepidine Branly]] * [[Museum scientiarum et industriae]] * [[Museum Picasso]] * [[Museum artium decorativarum]] * [[Museum exercitus]] * [[Museum Marmottan-Monet]] {{div col end}} === Ecclesiae === {{div col|3}} * [[Basilica Sacri Cordis|Basilica Sacratissimi Cordis Iesu]] * [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Lutetiae]] * [[Ecclesia Sanctae Mariae Magdalenae]] * [[Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis]] * [[Ecclesia Sancti Germani Antissiodoriensis]] * [[Ecclesia Sancti Sulpicii]] * Ecclesia Sanctae Genavefae ([[Pantheon Parisiense]]) * [[Ecclesia Sancti Ioannis Baptistae in Linda Villa]] * [[Ecclesia Sancti Iuliani Pauperis]] * [[Ecclesia Sancti Pauli et Sancti Ludovici]] * [[Ecclesia Sancti Gervasii et Sancti Protasii]] * [[Ecclesia Sancti Eustachii]] * [[Ecclesia Sancti Mederici]] * [[Ecclesia Sancti Severini]] * [[Ecclesia Sancti Ludovici Invalidorum]] * [[Sacra Capella]] * [[Valetudinarium invalidorum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Vallis Gratiae (Lutetia)|Vallis Gratiae|fr|qid=Q1339583}} {{div col end}} == Universitates == [[Fasciculus:La Sorbonne 3.jpg|thumb|[[Universitas Parisiensis]].]] [[Fasciculus:Louvre Cour Carrée June 2010.jpg|thumb|[[Museum Lupariense]].]] [[Fasciculus:Crowds of French patriots line the Champs Elysees-edit2.jpg|thumb|[[Liberatio Lutetiae]] mense [[Augustus|Augusto]] anni [[1944]] effecta.]] * [[Universitas Parisiensis]] Sectio urbis prope universitatem ''Compitum Latinum'' nominatur, quod [[professor]]es scholasticique Latine loquebantur. Universitas est divisa in universitates [[tredecim]], inter quas: * [[Universitas Panthei-Assacii]] * [[Universitas Parisiensis VII]] * [[Schola Superior Interpretum et Traductorum]] (''École supérieure d'interprètes et de traducteurs'', ESIT), pars [[Universitas Parisiensis III|Universitatis Parisiensis III]] * [[Schola Studiorum Commercialium Superiorum (Lutetia)|HEC Paris]] == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == Lutetia est sedes [[Archidioecesis Parisiensis|archiepiscopalis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]]. Praesens [[archiepiscopus]], ex mense Maii anno [[2022]], est [[Laurentius Ulrich (praelatus)|Laurentius Ulrich]]. == Incolae notabiles == {{Vide-etiam|Index incolarum notorum Lutetiae}} == Notae == <references /> ; Fontes Latine conversi <references group="conv." /> == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Champs Elysees Paris Wikimedia Commons.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|[[Champs-Élysées|Via Camporum Elysiorum]] tempore [[Natalis]] [[2008]].]] [[Fasciculus:Val de Seine.jpg|thumb|upright=1.25|[[Vallis Sequanae]].]] [[Fasciculus:Palais Luxembourg Sunset Edit.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Hortus Luxemburgi]],]] [[Fasciculus:Catacombes De Paris.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Puticuli Lutetiae]] reliquia circa 6 millionum hominum tenent.]] [[Fasciculus:Paris Opera full frontal architecture, May 2009.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Palatium Garnier]].]] ; Bibliographica * Boutier, Jean. ''Les plans de Paris des origines (1493) à la fin du XVIIIe siècle: études, carto-bibliographie et catalogue collectif''. Lutetiae, 2003. ; Fontes antiquiores * 1543 : [[Eustathius a Knobelsdorf]], ''Lutetiae Parisiorum descriptio''. Parisiis: apud Christianum Wechelum [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k710448 Textus] apud ''Gallica''. * 1580-1588 : [[Michael Montanus]], ''[[Essais (Montanus)|Essais]]'' lib. 1 cap. 55, lib. 2 cap. 9. ; Lexica et atlantes * Busson, Didier. [[1998]]. ''Carte archéologique de la Gaule: 75, Paris.'' Lutetiae: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. ISBN 2-87754-056-1. * Chadych, Danielle, et Dominique Leborgne. [[2002]]. ''Atlas de Paris. Évolution du paysage urbain.'' Lutetiae: Parigramme. * Fierro, Alfred. ''Histoire et dictionnaire de Paris''. Lutetiae: Robert Laffont, 1996. ISBN 2-221-07862-4 * Garden, Maurice, et Jean-Luc Pinol. [[2009]]. ''Atlas des Parisiens de la Révolution à nos jours: population, territoire et habitat, production et services, religion, culture, loisirs.'' Lutetiae: Parigramme. ISBN 978-2-84096-618-0. * Hurtaut, Pierre. ''Dictionnaire historique de la ville de Paris et de ses environs''. 3 voll. Lutetiae: Moutard, 1779 {{GB|gflcAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|wPlcAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}} {{Google Books|Wr0WAAAAQAAJ|vol. 3}} * Lazare, Louis, et Félix Lazare. ''Dictionnaire administratif et historique des rues de Paris et de ses monuments''. Lutetiae, 1844 [http://archive.org/details/dictionnaireadm00lazagoog Vol. 1] [http://archive.org/details/ruesdeparispari02luri vol. 2] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Lurine, Louis, ed. ''Les rues de Paris. Paris ancien et moderne; origines, histoire, monuments, costumes, murs, chroniques et traditions''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Kugelmann, 1844 [http://archive.org/details/ruesdeparispari01luri Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Sandron, Dany, Philippe Lorentz, et Jacques Lebar. [[2006]]. ''Atlas de Paris au Moyen Âge. Espace urbain, habitat, société, religion, lieux de pouvoir.'' Lutetiae: Parigramme. ; Editiones documentorum * Farge, Arlette, et Laurent Turcot, eds. ''Flagrants délits sur les Champs-Élysées: Les dossiers de police du gardien Federici (1777-1791)''. Lutetiae: Mercure de France, 2008. * Franklin, Alfred, ed. ''Estat, noms et nombre de toutes les rues de Paris en 1636 d'après le manuscrit inédit de la Bibliothèque Nationale''. Lutetiae: Willem, 1873[http://archive.org/details/estatnomsetnomb00frangoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Jacob, P. L. (Paul Lacroix), ed., ''Paris ridicule et burlesque au dix-septième siècle''. 2a ed. Lutetiae: Delahays, 1859 [https://archive.org/details/parisridiculeetb00jaco Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Lasteyrie, Robert de, ed. ''Cartulaire général de Paris; ou, Recueil de documents relatifs à l'histoire et à la topographie de Paris''. Lutetiae: Imprimerie Nationale, 1887 [http://archive.org/details/cartulairegn01lastuoft Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Le Roux de Lincy, Antoine, et L. M. Tissérand, ''Paris et ses historiens aux XIVe et XVe siècles: documents et écrits originaux''. Lutetiae, 1867 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k114578h Textus] apud Gallica * Sauvage, Odette, ed., ''Lutetiae descriptio, par Eustache Knobelsdorf (1567)''. Gratianopoli. 1978. {{Ling|Latine|Francogallice}} {{Google Books|ngcT2K_RGI8C|paginae selectae}} ; Topographica; itinera * ''Paris et ses environs: manuel du voyageur''. 15a ed. Lipsiae: Karl Baedeker, 1903 [http://archive.org/details/parisetsesenviro00karl Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Marchant de Beaumont, François Marie. ''Le conducteur de l'étranger à Paris: contenant la description des palais, monumens, édifices, musées et bibliothèques de cette capitale''. Lutetiae, 1814 [http://archive.org/details/leconducteurdel00marc Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Eustathius a Knobelsdorf||pl|qid=Q104474}}, ''[[Lutetiae Parisiorum descriptio]]''. 1567 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k710448 Textus] apud Gallica * Félix, marquis de Rochegude. ''Promenades dans toutes les rues de Paris par arrondissements''. 20 voll. Lutetiae: Hachette, 1910 [http://archive.org/search.php?query=rochegude%20promenades%20AND%20collection%3Atoronto Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' ; De architectura * ''Paris, formes urbaines et architectures''. Lutetiae: Recherches, 1998. * Fredet, Jacques. ''Les maisons de Paris: types courants de l'architecture mineure parisienne de la fin de l'époque médiévale à nos jours, avec l'anatomie de leur construction''. Lutetiae: Éditions de l'Encyclopédie des Nuisances, 2003. 3 voll. ISBN 978-2-910386-19-1. * Poisson, Georges. ''Nouvelle histoire de Paris: histoire de l'architecture à Paris''. Lutetiae: Bibliothèque historique de la Ville de Paris, 1997. ISBN 978-2-85962-019-6. * Texier, Simon. ''Paris contemporain: architecture et urbanisme de Haussmann à nos jours, une capitale à l'ère des métropoles''. Lutetiae: Parigramme, 2005. ISBN 978-2-84096-306-6. * Willsher, Kim. "[http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2016/mar/31/story-cities-12-paris-baron-haussmann-france-urban-planner-napoleon Story of cities #12: Haussmann rips up Paris – and divides France to this day]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (31 Martii 2016) ; Historica * Baldwin, John W. [[2006]]. ''Paris, 1200.'' Lutetiae: Aubier. ISBN 2-7007-2347-3. * Carbonnières, Philippe. [[1997]]. ''Lutèce: Paris ville romaine''. Lutetiae: Gallimard. ISBN 2-07-053389-1. * Cronin, Vincent. [[1989]]. ''Paris on the Eve, 1900–1914.'' Novi Eboraci: Harper Collins. ISBN 0-312-04876-9. {{Ling|Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Cronin, Vincent|title=Paris: City of Light, 1919–1939|publisher=Harper Collins|location=Novi Eboraci|year=[[1994]]|isbn=0-00-215191-X}} {{Ling|Anglice}} * Druon, Maurice. [[1964]]. ''Paris de César à Saint Louis.'' Lutetiae: Hachette {{Ling|Francogallice}} * {{cite book|author=Favier, Jean|title=Lutetiae|location=Lutetiae|publisher=Fayard|date=[[1997]]|isbn=2-213-59874-6}} {{Ling|Francogallice}} * {{cite book|author=Grimaud, Renée|title=L'Île-de-France gallo-romaine|location=Lutetiae|publisher=Éditions Parigramme|year=[[2004]]|isbn=2-84096-319-1}} {{Ling|Francogallice}} * {{cite book|author=Hazan, Eric|title=L'invention de Paris|location=Lutetiae|publisher=Éditions du Seuil|year=[[2002]]|isbn=978-2-02-068535-1}} {{Ling|Francogallice}} * {{cite book|author=Hillairet, Jacques|title=Connaissance du vieux Paris|location=Lutetiae|publisher=Rivages|year=[[2005]]|isbn=2-86930-648-2}} {{Ling|Francogallice}} * {{cite book|author=Jones, Colin|title=Paris: the biography of a city|publisher=Penguin Books|location=Novi Eboraci|year=2004|isbn=0670033936}} {{Ling|Anglice}} * Le Clère, Marcel. [[1985]]. ''Paris de la préhistoire à nos jours''. Lutetiae: Bordessoules. * {{cite book|author=Marchand, Bernard|title=Paris, histoire d'une ville: XIXe-XXe siècle|publisher=Le Seuil|location=Lutetiae|year=[[1993]]|isbn=978-2020128643}} {{Ling|Francogallice}} * Roux, Simone. [[2003]]. ''Paris au Moyen Âge''. Lutetiae: Hachette. * Turcot, Laurent. [[2007]]. ''Le promeneur à Paris au XVIIIe siècle''. Lutetiae: Gallimard. * {{cite book|author=Wakeman, Rosemary|title=The Heroic City: Paris, 1945–1958|location=Sicagi|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=[[2009]]|isbn=9780226870236}} {{Ling|Anglice}} ; De urbe hodierna et futura * Angle, Caroline. [[2006]]. ''Paris et sa couronne.'' Lutetiae: FNAC Paris. * Chemetov, Paul, et Frédéric Gilli. ''Une région de projets: l'avenir de Paris''. Lutetiae: La Documentation française, 2006. * Chevalier, Louis. [[1967]]. ''Les Parisiens''. Lutetiae: Hachette.. * Corbin, Alain. "Paris-Province" in Pierre Nora, ed., ''Les lieux de mémoire. III Les France; 1. Conflits et partages'' (Lutetiae: Gallimard, 1992) pp. 777–823. * Fleury, Antoine, Hélène Mathian, et Thérèse Saint-Julien. "[http://cybergeo.revues.org/25107 Définir les centralités commerciales au cœur d’une grande métropole : le cas de Paris intra-muros]" in ''Cybergeo: revue européenne de géographie,'' Apr. 2012. * Gilli, Frédéric. "[http://www.cybergeo.eu/index3257.html Le Bassin parisien; une région métropolitaine]" in ''Cybergéo: revue européenne de géographie'' (Apr. 2005). * Gilli, Frédéric. "[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ffc/docs_ffc/es387a.pdf La région parisienne entre 1975 et 1999: une mutation géographique et économique]" in ''Économie et Statistiques'' 387:3-32. * Larceneux, André, et Céline Boîteux-Orain, eds. ''Paris et ses franges, étalement urbain et polycentrisme''. Lutetiae: EUD, 2006. * Marchand, Bernard. [[2009]]. ''Les ennemis de Paris: la haine de la grande ville des Lumières à nos jours''. Redonis: Presses Universitaires de Rennes. * Pinçon, Michel, et Monique Pinçon-Charlot. [[2004]]. ''Sociologie de Paris.'' Lutetiae: La Découverte. * Saint-Julien, Thérèse, et Renaud Le Goix, eds. [[2007]]. ''La Métropole parisienne. Centralités, inégalités, proximités.'' Lutetiae: Belin. ; Commentarii * Downie, David. [[2015]]. ''A Passion for Paris: Romanticism and Romance in the City of Light''. Novi Eboraci: St Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-250-04315-3. {{ling|Anglice}} * {{cite book|author=Maspero, François|title=Les Passagers du Roissy-Express|location=Lutetiae|publisher=Éditions du Seuil|year=[[1990]]|isbn=202012467X}} {{Ling|Francogallice}} ; Aliae encyclopaediae * "[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DL%3Aentry+group%3D9%3Aentry%3Dlutetia-parisiorum-geo Lutetia Parisiorum]" in {{Smith-geo}} * "[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0887b.html Lutetia]" et "[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof3/s0585b.html Parisii]" in {{Lexcit}} {{Ling|Latine}} * "Lutecia Parisiorum" et "Parisii" in {{KP}} * {{CathEnc|11480c|Paris}} * "[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/11912-paris Paris]" in {{JewishEnc}} * "[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Paris,_France Paris, France]" in {{EncyBrit11}} {{NexInt}} * [[Commune Parisiorum anni 1871]] * [[Deliberatio de pace componenda Lutetiae facta (1919)]] * [[Dictionarius (Iohannes de Garlandia)|''Dictionarius'' (Iohannes de Garlandia)]] * [[Hemicyclus Bellarum Artium]] * ''[[Journal d'un bourgeois de Paris]]'' (1440-1449) * [[Obsidio Lutetiae]] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} {{CommuniaCat|Paris|Lutetiam}} * [http://www.parisbalades.com/ Ambulationes Lutetiae,]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Francogallice}} * [http://www.circulus.fr/Circulus Latinus Lutetiensis,]{{Nexus deficit|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Latine}} * [http://www.parisdailyphoto.com/ Quotidiana Lutetiae photographemata,] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.paris.fr/ Situs urbis,] {{Ling|Francogallice}} * [http://www.parisinfo.com/ Situs viatorum,] apud ''ParisInfo'' {{Ling|Francogallice}} ; Archaeologica et topographica * [http://www.paris.culture.fr "Paris, ville antique" ("Lutetia urbs antiqua")] * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200518235518/http://www.circulus.fr/opera/urbs/moenia.php De moenibus Lutetiae Parisiorum]" * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200519014119/http://www.circulus.fr/opera/urbs/romanicae.php De romanicis aedibus Lutetiae]" * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200519031524/http://www.circulus.fr/opera/urbs/francigenae.php De aedibus opere francigeno structis Lutetiae]" ; De urbe hodierna et futura * Conseil économique et social régional Ile-de-France. [[2004]]. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20081118004437/http://www.cesr-ile-de-france.fr/cesr_doc/rapport_pdf/rapport02_pros_attractivite.pdf L'attractivité de l'Île-de-France à l'horizon 2025.] Epitome [https://web.archive.org/web/20090920134915/http://www.cesr-ile-de-france.fr/cesr_doc/magazine/magazine41-attractivite.pdf hic.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090205061229/http://paris.fr/portail/Urbanisme/Portal.lut?page_id=7020 Forma urbis futura,] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070412201947/http://www.ccip75.ccip.fr/upload/pdf/75_profileco_V0.pdf Paris ''intra muros,''] (commentarius sociooeconomicus) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091123053231/http://www.ccip.fr/upload/pdf/PPC_profileco_V0.pdf Petite couronne,] (commentarius sociooeconomicus) {{Urbes Europae maximae}} {{Urbes Europae capitales}} {{Capita praefecturarum Franciae}} {{Capita civitatum Galliae Romanae}} {{Praefecti urbi Lutetiae}} {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Geographia}} [[Categoria:Capita]] [[Categoria:Lutetia|!]] [[Categoria:Parisii]] [[Categoria:Sedes archiepiscopales Franciae]] [[Categoria:Sedes episcopales Franciae]] [[Categoria:Urbes Galliae Romanae]] [[Categoria:Urbes milies milium incolarum]] c83vhr7kecg6utouhvz00ldn5bxlxza Iaponia 0 2384 3965133 3963091 2026-06-15T23:31:02Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}} '''Iaponia'''<ref>Confer titulum ''{{Vicifons|Descriptio Regni Iaponiae}}'' apud Vicifontem. "Japonia" apud {{Lexfons}}</ref> ([[Scriptura Iaponica|litteris Iaponicis]] 日本, [[abecedarium Latinum|Latinis]] ''Nihon'' vel ''Nippon'', publice 日本国 vel ''Nippon-koku'' 'Civitas Iaponiae') est [[civitas sui iuris]] in [[Asia Orientalis|Asia Orientali]] sita. In [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceano Pacifico]] occidentali iacet, inter [[Mare Iaponicum]] ad [[occidens|occidentem]] et [[Mare Sinense Orientale]] ad [[meridies|meridiem]]. [[Archipelagus]] Iaponicus ex circiter 6852 [[Insula|insulis]] constat, quarum quattuor maximae—[[Honsua]], [[Esonia]], [[Ximum]], [[Insula Shikokuensis|Sicocus]]—97 centesimas [[area (geometria)|areae]] terrestris Iaponicae occupant et vulgo insulae domesticae appellantur. [[Superficies|Superficiem]] 377&thinsp;975 chiliometrorum quadratorum obtinet. [[Linguae Sinicae|Sinicae]] nominis notae '[[sol]]is originem' significant, unde archipelagus saepe 'Terra Solis Orientis' appellatur. In [[Circulus Ignis Pacificus|Circulo Ignis Pacifico]] sita, Iaponia [[terrae motus|terrae motibus]] et fluctibus marinis crebro vexatur. Tres [[regio]]nis partes [[mons|montibus]] et [[silva|silvis]] obteguntur, itaque [[agricultura]] et magna [[incola]]rum pars in [[planities|planitiebus]] litoralibus orientalibus in unum conferuntur. Iaponia in quadraginta septem [[Index praefecturarum Iaponiae|praefecturas]] et octo [[Regiones Iaponiae|regiones]] dividitur. [[Esonia]] in septentrione extremo, praefectura autem [[Okinawaënsis]] in meridie sita est. Anno [[2024]], Iaponia circa 125 miliones incolarum numerat, eamque undecimam inter civitates orbis populosissimas collocat. [[Tokium]], urbs maxima et [[caput (urbs)|caput]], una cum regione metropolitana plus quam 38 miliones incolarum habet, quod eam amplissimam regionem urbanam mundi facit. [[Archaeologia|Archaeologicae]] investigationes indicant Iaponiam iam aevo [[Palaeolithicum|Palaeolithico Superiore]], circa 30&thinsp;000 a.C.n., habitatam fuisse. Prima mentio scripta in [[Historia Sinica|annalibus Sinicis]] [[Saeculum 1|saeculi primi]] reperitur. Inter saecula IV et VI, regna Iaponica sub imperatore coaluerunt, primum Narae, deinde Heian-kyo sedem habente. A saeculo XII usque ad annum [[1868]], vera potestas penes shōgunes militares et dominos feudales (daimyō) fuit, nobilitate bellatrice (samurai) auxiliante. Iaponia, una ex maximis mundi potestatibus, est socia [[ASEAN|ASEAN Plus]], [[Nationes Unitae|Nationum Unitarum]], [[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis|OECD]], G7, G8, et G20. Tertiam maximam oeconomiam orbis terrarum secundum PDG habet. Quamquam ius belli decernendi renuntiavit, res militares cum octavo maximo dispensatione oeconomica servat. Natio valde evoluta est, altissimis vivendi gradu et indice progressus humani gaudens. Cives eius altissima exspectatione vitae fruuntur. Iaponia propter suam cinematographiam, musicam, anime, ludos televisificos, coquinam, technologiam progressivam, et contributiones scientiae clara est. ==Etymologia== ''Iaponia'', [[exonymum]] Latinum, in [[lingua Iaponica]] omnino non est. Nomina Iaponica huius [[natio]]nis ''Nippon'' (にっぽん) et ''Nihon'' (にほん) sunt, et ambo notatione [[Kanji]] 日本 scribuntur. ''Nippon'' locutio compta est, sollemnibus et emissioni [[charta argentaria|chartae argentariae]] propria. Nomen autem ''Nihon'' in sermone quotidiano usurpant. Et ''Nippon'' et ''Nihon'' 'solis originem' (日 'solem' 本 'radicem' aut 'originem') ad litteram significant, crebro igitur 'natio solis orientis' redduntur. Haec denominatio orta est ex epistolari colloquio imperiali cum [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinicā]] [[domus Sui|Domū Sui]], quae orientalem Iaponiae situm respectu [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinarum]] remittit. Nomen Latinum Iaponiae ad [[cultura occidentalis|Occidentem]] per [[commercium]] pervenit. Nam vocabulum antiquum [[lingua Sinica|Sinicum]], quod in ''Iaponia'' subest, sicuti adscriptum est a [[Marcus Paulus Venetus|Marco Paulo]], ''Zipangu'' erat. Hodierna dialecto [[sermo Sciamhaevensis|Sciamhaevensi]], [[lingua Sinica|Sinica]] dialecto [[lingua Wu|Wu]], pronuntiatio Kanji 日本 ''Zeppen'' est. Vocabulum antiquum Iaponiae est [[lingua Malaica|Malaice]] ''Jepang'' ([[orthographia]] hodierna ''Jepun''), vocabulum mutuatum a [[lingua Sinica|Sinica]]. Mercatores [[Lusitania|Lusitani]] in [[Malacca (civitas)|Malacca]] [[saeculum 16|saeculo XVI]] hoc vocabulum invenisse primique ad [[Europa]]m tulisse putantur. == Historia == {{main|Historia Iaponiae}} ===Praehistoria et historia antiqua=== [[Fasciculus:Emperor_Jimmu.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Imperator [[Jimmu]] (Iaponice 神武天皇), primus [[imperator Iaponiae]] cum origine tracto ab anno 660.<ref>Keally, Carolus (Charles) T. (die 27 Aprilis anni 2009). [http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/kofun.html "Kofun Culture"] (Anglice). ''www.t-net.ne.jp''. Japanese Archaeology. Inspectum die 28 Iulii anni 2018.</ref><ref>Kitagawa, Iosephus (Joseph) Mitsuo (1987).''[https://books.google.es/books?id=h1xcc4cGL5cC&redir_esc=y On Understanding Japanese Religion]'' (Anglice). Princeton University Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0691102290. Inspectum die 28 Iulii anni 2018.</ref><ref>Szczesniak, Boleslaus (Bolesław) (1954). "The Sumu-Sanu Myth. Notes and Remarks on the Jimmu Tenno Myth" (Anglice). ''Monumenta Nipponica''. 10 (1/2): 107–126. doi:10.2307/2382794. JSTOR 2382794.</ref>– hodiernā in Iaponiā eius accessio Dies Conditio Nationalis (Iaponice 建国記念の日) die 11 Februarii denotatur.]] [[Palaeolithicum|Palaeolithica]] cultura circa 30&thinsp;000 a.C.n. primam notam Iaponici archipelagi habitationem constituit. Quam secuta est circa 14&thinsp;000 a.C.n. (ineunte [[periodus Jōmonica|periodo Iōmonicā]], Iaponice 縄文時代) e [[Mesolithicum|Mesolithico]] in [[Neolithicum]] semisedentaria [[Venatio et collectio|venatoria et collectoria]] cultura depicta [[domus fossa|domis fossis]] et rudimentariā agriculturā.<ref>Travis, Ioannes (John). [http://www.pitt.edu/~annj/courses/notes/jomon_genes.html "Jomon Genes"] (Anglice). Universitas Pittsburghiae. Inspectum die 15 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref>, inclusis prioribus hodiernorum populorum [[Ainuani]] ([[Ainuane]] et Iaponice アィヌ) et [[Yamato (populus)|Yamatoensis]] (Iaponice 大和民族).<ref>Matsumara, Hirofumi; Dodo, Yukio; Dodo, Yukio (2009). [https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ase/117/2/117_080325/_article "Dental characteristics of Tohoku residents in Japan: implications for biological affinity with ancient Emishi"] (Anglice). ''Anthropological Science'' 117(2): 95–105. doi:10.1537/ase.080325.</ref><ref>Hammer, Michael F.; Karafet, TM; Park, H; Omoto, K; Harihara, S; Stoneking, M; Horai, S; et al. (2006). [https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg20068 "Dual origins of the Japanese: common ground for hunter-gatherer and farmer Y chromosomes"]. ''Journal of Human Genetics'' 51(1): 47–58. doi:10.1007/s10038-005-0322-0. PMID 16328082.</ref> Ornata argillosa vasa hac e periodo apud antiquissima [[opus fictile|operis fictilis]] exempla in toto orbe terrarum sunt. Circa 300 a.C.n., populus Yayoiensis Iaponicas insulas intrare coepit, se commiscentes cum [[Jōmon (populus)|populo Iōmonico]].<ref>Denoon, Donaldus (Donald); Hudson, Marcus (Mark) (2001). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=XUw6kiX9LQ0C&redir_esc=y Multicultural Japan: palaeolithic to postmodern]'' (Cambridge University Press), 22–23. ISBN 978-0-521-00362-9.</ref> (Iaponice 縄文人). [[Periodus Yayoiensis]] (Iaponice 弥生時代), incipiens circa 500 a.C.n., usūs sicuti umidae [[oryza]]e agriculturam<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110430010530/http://www.kahaku.go.jp/special/past/japanese/ipix/5/5-25.html "Oryzae plantae via"] (Iaponice). [Museum Nationale Scientiae Iaponicum]. Archivatum ex originali pridie Kalendas Maias annis 2011. Inspectum die 15 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref>, novum [[opus fictile|operis fictilis]] genus<ref>[https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/kofu/hd_kofu.htm "Kofun Period"] (Anglice). Museum Metropolitanum Artis. Inspectum die 15 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> et [[metallurgia]]m, e [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinis]] et [[Corea|Coreā]] inductam,<ref>[https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/yayo/hd_yayo.htm "Yayoi Culture"] (Novi Eboraci: Museum Metropolitanum Artis). Inspectum die 15 Ianuarii 2011.</ref> introducere vidit. [[Vocabulum]] ''Iaponia'' primum in [[historia]] in [[Seres|Serico]] libro ''[[Hàn shū]]'' scriptum esse videtur.<ref>Takashi, Okazaki; Goodwin, Janet (1993). "Japan and the continent". ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=A3_6lp8IOK8C&redir_esc=y The Cambridge history of Japan, Volume 1: Ancient Japan]'' (Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press), 275. ISBN 978-0-521-22352-2.</ref> Secundum librum ''[[Documenta trium regnorum]]'', potentissimum regnum in archipelago per saeculum III [[Yamatai|Yamataikoku]] (Iaponice 邪馬台国) nuncupatur. [[Buddhismus]] in Iaponiam e [[Paecce|Paecci]] ([[Coreane]] 백제/百)濟), [[Corea|Coreā]], introductus et a Principe [[Shotoku Taishi|Shōtoku]] promotus est, sed consequens Iaponici Buddhismi evolutio principaliter a [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinis]] affecta est.<ref>Delmer M. Brown, ed. (1993), ''The Cambridge History of Japan'' (Cambridge University Press), 140–149.</ref> Contemptā primigeniā obstantiā, Buddhismus a dominativo ordine promotus et diseminatam acceptionem [[periodus Asukaensis|periodo Asukaensi]]<ref>Confer binomen "Streptomyces nodosus subsp. asukaensis".</ref> (592–710, Iaponice 飛鳥時代) incipientem consecutus est.<ref>Gulielmus Geraldus Beasley (William Gerald) (1999). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=9AivK7yMICgC&redir_esc=y The Japanese Experience: A Short History of Japan]'' (Berkeleiae: University of California Press), 42. ISBN 978-0-520-22560-2.</ref> Fama est Iaponiam principium cepisse a [[Jimmu]] imperatore (Iaponice 神武天皇) [[Amaterasu]] (Iaponice 天照) [[dea solis]] (nam solem Iaponi pro dea habebant) edito, qui gente sua in [[regio]]nem [[Yamato]] inducta genus Iaponicum procreavit. Exin novus populus, etsi longum per tempus a [[Seres|populo Serico]] vicino, ad quem duces prisci Iaponiae legatos de amicitia ac societate petenda miserant, litteras, [[religio]]nem, [[philosophia]]m inducere solebant, tamen non totas artes suas neglegebat. [[Periodus Naraensis]]<ref>Confer binomina "Streptomyces naraensis" et "Epistominella naraensis".</ref> (710–784, Iaponice 奈良時代) signata est ortu centralizatae Iaponicae civitatis in Palatio Imperiali [[Heijō-kyō|Heiiōkyōnis]] ([[Nara]]e in praesenti) centratae. [[Periodus Naraensis]] nascentium [[litterae|litterarum]] apparitione non minus quam arte et [[architectura|architecturā]] evolutā cum Buddhisticā inspiratione depicta est.<ref>Totman, Conradus (Conrad) (2002). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y A History of Japan]''. Blackwell. pp. 64–79. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4.</ref> [[Variola]]e epidemia inter annos 735 et 737 quam plurimum unam tertiam Iaponiensium partem occidisse creditur.<ref>Hays, J.N. (2005). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=GyE8Qt-kS1kC&redir_esc=y Epidemics and pandemics: their impacts on human history]'' ([[ABC-CLIO]]), 31. ISBN 978-1-85109-658-9.</ref> Anno [[784]], [[Imperator Kanmu]] caput e [[Nara|Narā]] in [[Nagaoka-kyo|Nagaoka-kyō]]nem (Iaponice 長岡京), deinde in [[Heian-kyo|Heian-kyō]]nem (Iaponice 平安京, in praesenti [[Kyotum]]) anno 794, movit. Quod [[Aevum Heian|Periodi Heianensis]]<ref>Confer binomen "Lobatannularia heianensis."</ref> (Iaponice ) ortum, inter annos [[794]] et [[1185]], denotavit, per quam distinctive indigena [[cultura]] Iaponica orta est, depicta suā [[ars|arte]], [[poësis|poësi]] et [[prosa|prosā]]. A [[Murasaki Shikibu]] liber ''[[Genji monogatari]]'' et hymni nationalis Iaponici "[[Kimigayo]]" verba scripta sunt haec per tempora.<ref>Totman, Conradus (Conrad) (2002). ''A History of Japan'' (Anglice). Blackwell. pp. 79–87, 122–123. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4.</ref> [[Buddhismus]] per [[Aevum Heian|aeram Heianensem]] expandi coepit praesertim per duas praecipuas sectas, [[Tendai]]cam (Iaponice 天台宗) a [[Saichō]]ne et [[Buddhismus Singonicus|Singonicam]] a [[Kūkai]] (qui etiam Combodasci dicitur). [[Buddhismus Terrae Purae]] ([[Jōdo-shū]] et [[Jōdo Shinshū]]) valde popularis saeculi XI ultimo dimidio factus est. ===Feudalis aera=== [[Fasciculus:Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba Mongol Invasion Takezaki Suenaga 2 Page 5-7.jpg|thumb|300px|left|''[[Moko Shurai Ekotoba]].'' [[Pictura]] praeclarissima bellum cum oppugnatoribus [[Mongolia|Mongolicis]] depingit.]] Iaponica era feudalis emersū et dominatione regentis ordinis bellatorum, [[samuraeus|samuraeorum]], depicta est. Anno 1185, victā [[Gens Taira|gente Tairā]] (Iaponice 平氏) in [[Bellum Genpei|Bello Genpei]] (Iaponice 源平合戦), cantā in carmine epico ''[[Heike Monogatari]]'' (Iaponice 平家物語), samuraeus [[Yoritomus]] [[xogun]] ab [[imperator Iaponiae|imperatore]] [[Go-Toba|Go-Tobā]] designatus est et Minamoto no Yoritomo gubernationis basin [[Kamakura]]e<ref name="Kamakura">Confer binomen "Baryphymula kamakuraensis".</ref> statuit. Quo mortuo, [[gens Hōjō]] (Iaponice 北条氏) pervenit ad gubernium sicuti procuratores xogunum. Schola [[Zen]] Buddhismi e [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinis]] per [[periodus Kamakuraensis|periodum Kamakuraensem]]<ref name="Kamakura">Confer binomen "Baryphymula kamakuraensis".</ref> (Iaponice 鎌倉時代), inter annos 1185 et 1333, introducta est et facta est popularis apud ordinem samuraeorum.<ref>Totman, Conradus (Conrad) (2005). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y A History of Japan]'' (2 ed.) (Anglice). Blackwell. pp. 106–112. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4.</ref> [[Shogunatus Kamakuraensis]]<ref name="Kamakura">Confer binomen "Baryphymula kamakuraensis".</ref> (Iaponice 鎌倉幕府) [[Imperium Mongolicum|Mongolicas]] invasiones inter annos 1274 et 1281 repulit sed denique ex officio amotus est ab Imperatore [[Go-Daigo]]ne. Imperator [[Go-Daigo]] ab [[Ashikaga Takauji|Ashikagā Takauji]] anno 1336 victus est. [[Ashikaga Takauji]] [[Xogun|shogunatum]] in [[Muromachi]] (Iaponice 室町), [[Kyotum|Kyoti]], statuit. Hoc fuit [[periodus Muromachiensis|periodi Muromachiensis]] (1336–1573) initium. [[Shogunatus Ashikagae]] tempore [[Ashikaga Yoshimitsu|Ashikagae Yoshimitsu]] gloriatus est, cum cultura [[Buddhismus|Buddhismo]] [[Zen]] fundata (ars [[Miyabi]], Iaponice 雅) floruit. Quae in [[Cultura Higashiyamaensis|Culturam Higashiyamaensem]]<ref name="Higashiyama">Confer binomen "Nonionella higashiyamaensis".</ref> (Iaponice 東山文化) evoluta est, florentem usque ad [[saeculum 16|saeculum XVI]]. Nihilominus, prosper Shogunatus Ashikagae in feudalibus dominis bellicis seu [[daimyo]]nibus (Iaponice:大名) dominari omisit et exarsit bellum civile, Bellum Ōninense (Iaponice 応仁の乱), anno 1467, ex quo orta est unum saeculum durans [[Aetas civitatum bellantium (Iaponiae)|Aetas civitatum bellantium]] (Iaponice 戦国時代).<ref>Sansom, Georgius (George) (1961). ''A History of Japan: 1334–1615'' (Stanford University Press), 42, 217. ISBN 978-0-8047-0525-7.</ref> Per [[saeculum 16|saeculum XVI]], [[Portugallia|Portugallici]] mercatores et [[Societas Iesu|Iesuitae]] [[missionarius|missionarii]] Iaponiam primum attigerunt, quod directam [[commercium|commercialem]] et [[cultura]]lem commutationem inter Iaponiam et [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Occidentem]] incepit. Quod [[Oda Nobunaga|Odae Nobunangae]] ut Europaeas technologiam et [[sclopetum|sclopeta]] impetraret permisit, quibus usus est ut caperentur multi alii [[daimyo]]nes. Eius imperii consolidatio quod [[periodus Azuchiensis-Monoyamaensis]]<ref name="Azuchiensis">De gentilicio "Azuchiensis-e", confer [https://archive.org/stream/mhsi111/mhsi111-new_djvu.txt Monumenta historica Iaponiae I], ubi dicitur "Seminarium Azuchiense paulo post mortem ducis Oda Nobunaga" aut "Sed Domus Azuchiensis in totius civitatis Azuchi incendio perempta est."</ref> (1573–1603) nucupatum est{{dubsig}} coepit. Interfecto Odā Nobunanga anno [[1582]] ab [[Akechi Mitsuhide]], eius successor [[Toyotomi Hideyoshi]], postea Taicosama dictus, nationem anno 1590 coniunxit et in [[Corea]]m bis annis [[1592]] et [[1597]] invadere infeliciter conatus est. [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] (seu Daifusama) ut [[Fideyorus|Fideyori]] filii Taicosamae procurator meruit et usus est suo munere ut politicum militaremque adminiculum adipisceretur. Exarso bello, Ieyasu aemulam gentem in proelio in campo Sekigaharā<ref name="Sekigahara">[https://archive.org/stream/mhsi111/mhsi111-new_djvu.txt Monumenta historica Iaponiae I], ubi dicitur "(...) post proelium in campo Sekigahara (21. Oct. 1600) etiam insulas Amacusanas ut feudum obtinuit (...)".</ref> anno 1600 vicit. Tokugawa Ieyasu [[xogunus]] ab [[Imperator Iaponiae|Imperatore]] [[Imperator Go-Yozei|Go-Yōzei]] anno 1603 designatus est et [[Tokugawa Bakufu|Shogunatum Tokugawae]] [[Iendum|Iendone]] (hodierni Tokii) statuit.<ref> Turnbull, Stephanus (Stephen) (2010). [https://books.google.es/books?id=x8govgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y Toyotomi Hideyoshi]. Osprey Publishing. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-84603-960-7.</ref> Hic [[shogun]]atus consilia pertulit; inclusis ''[[buke shohatto]]'', codice morum ad dominandum [[daimyo]]nibus,<ref>Totman, Conradus (Conrad) (2005). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y A History of Japan]'' (sec. ed.). Blackwell. pp. 142–143. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4.</ref> et anno 1639 [[segregationismus|segregationistico]] ''[[sakoku]]'' (scilicet "clausa natio") programmate quod duo et dimidio saecula tenuis politicae unitatis [[periodus Edoensis|periodum Edoensem]]<ref name="Edo">De gentilicio "Edoensis-e", confer binomen "Fusulina edoensis".</ref> (1603–1868) nuncupata diffudit.<ref> Toby, Ronaldus (Ronald) P. (1977).''Reopening the Question of Sakoku: Diplomacy in the Legitimation of the Tokugawa Bakufu''. Journal of Japanese Studies. 3 (2): 323–363. doi:10.2307/132115. JSTOR 132115.</ref> Scientiarum [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Occidentalium]] studium, ''[[rangaku]]'' (Iaponice 蘭学) nuncupatum, per contactum [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicā]] cum [[Inclavatura et exclavatura|inclavaturā]] [[Insula Dezima|Dezimae]] [[Nagasacum|Nagasaci]] perrexit. Periodus Edoensis etiam ''[[kokugaku]]'' (scilicet "nationalia studia", Iaponice 国学), Iaponiae studium ab Iaponicis, genuit. <ref>Ohtsu, M.; Ohtsu, Makoto (1999). "Japanese National Values and Confucianism". ''Japanese Economy''. 27 (2): 45–59. doi:10.2753/JES1097-203X270245.</ref> ===Aetas recens=== [[Fasciculus:Meiji emperor color.jpg|thumb|upright|left|[[Mutsuhito|Imperator Meiji]] (1868–1912), in cuius nomine imperiale regimen [[Restauratio Meiji|restauratum]] est, finito [[Tokugawa Bakufu|Tokugawae shogunato]].]] [[31 Martii|Pridie Kalendas Aprilis]] anni [[1854]], [[Matthaeus Calbraith Perry]] [[classis praefectus]] et [[Naves Nigrae]] (Iaponice 黒船) [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] Iaponiam se externo mundo aperire coegerunt, [[Conventio Kanagawa|Conventione Kanagavensi]] facta. Consequentia similia foedera [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Occidentalibus]] cum nationibus per [[Bakumatsu|periodum Bakumatsu]] oeconomicam politicamque crises apportavit. [[Xogun|Xogunis]] abdicatio ut [[Bellum Boshin]] (Iaponice 戊辰戦争) exarderet et civitas centralizata nominatim penes [[Imperator Iaponiae|Imperatorem]] unificata ([[Restauratio Meiji]]) statueretur induxit. <ref>Totman, Conradus (Conrad) (2005). ''A History of Japan,'' ed. 2a. (Oxoniae: Blackwell), 289–296. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4.</ref> Cum per activum [[Occidentalizatio]]nis processum{{dubsig}} per [[Restauratio Meiji|Restaurationem Meiji]] anno [[1868]] se mersisset, Iaponia [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Occidentalia]] politica, iudicialia, militariaque [[institutum|instituta]] adoptavit{{dubsig}} et [[cultura Occidentalis|Occidentalia culturalia]] pondera [[traditio]]nali culturā hodiernae [[industrializatio]]ni commixta sunt. [[Consistorium Iaponicum|Consistorium]] (Iaponice 内閣) [[Concilium Privatum Iaponicum|Concilium Privatum]] (Iaponice 枢密院) ordinavit, [[Constitutio Meiji|Constitutionem Meiji]] (Iaponice 明治憲法) induxit et [[Diaeta Nationalis|Diaetam Nationalem]] (Iaponice 国会) composuit. Restauratio Meiji [[Imperium Iaponicum]] in industrializatam mundanam civitatem potentiorem vertit quae persecuta est militarem conflictum ut expansderetur eius sphaera affectionis. Quamquam Francia et Britanniarum Regnum attentionis monstraverunt, Europaeae potentiores civitates Iaponiam valde neglexerunt et magis incubuerunt in maiores Sinarum illecebras. Francia etiam impedita erat suis ruinis in Mexico et suis cladibus a [[Germania|Germanis]].<ref>Norman E. Herbert (1946), ''Japan's Emergence as a Modern State'' (Novi Eboraci: Inst.{{dubsig}} Pacific Relations), 46.</ref> Post victorias in [[Primum Bellum Sino-Iaponense|Primo Bello Sino-Iaponensi]] (1894–1895) et in [[Bellum Russo-Iaponicum|Bello Russo-Iaponico]] (1904–1905), Iaponia dominium in [[Taivania]]m, [[Corea]]m et meridionale [[Sachalina]]e dimidium adepta est.<ref>Matsusaka, Y. Tak (2009), "The Japanese Empire," in Tsutsui, William M. ''Companion to Japanese History'' (Oxoniae: Blackwell), 224–241. ISBN 978-1-4051-1690-9.</ref> Imperialisticum praeter successum, Iaponia quoque plurimam pecuniam in suum proprium oeconomicum incrementum collocavit, quod adduxit ad periodum oeconomicae prosperitatis hac in natione durantem usque ad [[Depressio oeconomica magna|Depressionem magnam]].<ref>A. Baran, Paul (1962). ''The Political Economy of Growth''. Novi Eboraci: Monthly Review Press. p. 160.</ref> Iaponiensis [[numerus incolarum]] e 35 [[millio]]nibus anno 1873 in 70 milliones anno 1935 crevit.<ref>Hiroshi, Shimizu; Hitoshi, Hirakawa (1999). ''Japan and Singapore in the world economy: Japan's economic advance into Singapore, 1870–1965'' (Routledge), 17. ISBN 978-0-415-19236-1.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Pacific Area - The Imperial Powers 1939 - Map.svg|thumb|[[Imperium Iaponicum]] anno 1939, (tabula Anglice adnotata).]] Per [[primum bellum mundanum]], Iaponia se [[Civitates foederatae primi belli mundani|Civitatibus foederatis primi belli mundani]] iunxit et a [[Imperium Germanicum (1871-1918)|Germanis]] subactas terras cepit et progressa est versus [[Sinae|Sinas]]. Ineunte [[saeculum 20|saeculo XX]] periodus [[Periodus Taishoensis|democratiae Taishoensis]]<ref name="Taishoensis">Confer trinomen "Epicauta chinensis taishoensis".</ref> (1912–1926, Iaponice 大正時代) visus est, sed [[anni 1920|annis 1920]] visa est fragilis democratia politicae transmutationi versus [[statismus|statismum]], latas leges politicum contra dissensum et seriem conandorum [[subitanea rerum conversio|subitanearum conversionum]] succumbere. Hic processus festinavit per [[anni 1930|annos 1930]], implicando numero novorum gregum Nationalisticorum Radicalium qui participabant hostilitatem contra liberalem democratiam et dedicationem expansioni per Asiam. Iaponienses [[expansionismus]] et [[militarizatio]] iuxta cum [[totalitarismus|totalitarismo]] et [[ultranationalismus|ultranationalismo]] nationem diffinxerunt. Anno 1931, Iaponia in [[Mandshuria]]m invasit et eam cepit et, factā internationali huius occupationis reprobatione, anno 1933 [[Confoederatio Nationum|Confoederationem Nationum]] reliquit. Anno 1936, Iaponia [[Pactum Antikomintern]] cum [[Imperium Germanicum (1933-1945)|Germaniā]] obsignavit et, anno 1940, [[Foedus Trium Imperiorum]] eam unam e [[Potestates Axis|Potestatibus Axis]] fecit. [[Fasciculus:Umezu.jpg|thumb|Iaponenses officiales [[Civitates foederatae Primi belli mundani|Foederatis]] die 2 Septembris anni 1945, in Sinu Tokiensi se dedentes, finito Secundo bello mundano.]] [[Imperium Iaponicum]] in alias Sinarum partes anno 1937 invasit, quod [[Secundum Bellum Sino-Iaponense]] (1937–1945) praecipitavit. [[Exercitus Imperialis Iaponensis]] (Iaponice 大日本帝國陸軍) cito caput [[Nanchinum]] cepit et exercuit [[Caedes Nanchinensis|Caedem Nanchinensem]].<ref>[http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/PTO/IMTFE/IMTFE-8.html "Judgment International Military Tribunal for the Far East, Chapter VIII: Conventional War Crimes (Atrocities)"] (Anglice). iBiblio. Novembri mense anni 1948. </ref> Anno 1940, cum Imperium Iaponicum in [[Indosina Francica|Indosinam Francicam]] invasisset, [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitates Foederatae]] Iaponiae petroleosi commercii prohibitionem imposuerunt. <ref>Worth, Rolandus (Roland) H., Jr. (1995). [https://books.google.es/books?id=ezBnAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y ''No Choice But War: the United States Embargo Against Japan and the Eruption of War in the Pacific''] (Anglice). McFarland. pp. 56, 86. ISBN 978-0-7864-0141-3.</ref> Diebus 7 et 8 Decembris anni 1941, Iaponenses vires improvisos impetūs in [[Portus Margaritarum|Portum Margaritarum]] viresque [[Imperium Britannicum|Britannicas]] in [[Malaya Britannica|Malayā Britannicā]], [[Singapura]]e et [[Hongcongum|Hongcongi]] fecerunt; et bellum decrevit [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] et [[Imperium Britannicum|Imperio Britannico]], quod implicavit Civitates Foederatas et Britanniarum Regnum in [[Secundum bellum mundanum]] in [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacifico]]. Cum [[Civitates foederatae Secundi belli mundani]] paulatim in Pacifico per insequentes quattuor annos vicissent, quod finitum est cum [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum|Sovieticā]] invasione in [[Mandshuria|Mandshuriā]] et cum [[Hirosima|Hirosimā]] et [[Nagasacum|Nagasaco]] adortis [[Bomba atomica|bombis atomicis]] anno [[1945]], Iaponia consentivit de deditione inconditionali die [[15 Augusti]].<ref>Pape, Robertus (Robert) A. (1993). "Why Japan Surrendered" (Anglice). ''International Security''. 18 (2): 154–201. doi:10.2307/2539100. JSTOR 2539100.</ref> Bellum Iaponiae, eius coloniis, Sinis aliisque civitatibus pugnantibus decem [[millio]]nibus vitarum amissarum stetit et reliquit multas Iaponiensium industriae infrastructuraeque dirutas. [[Civitates foederatae Secundi belli mundani]] (a Civitatibus Foederatis ductae) milliones ethnicorum Iaponensium e coloniis militaribusque campis totam per Asiam repatriaverunt, valde eliminando Imperio Iaponico et restituendā independentiā captorum territoriorum.<ref>Watt, Lori (2010). [https://books.google.es/books?id=_F3AN6x6AQ8C&redir_esc=y ''When Empire Comes Home: Repatriation and Reintegration in Postwar Japan''] (Anglice). Harvard University Press, pp. 1–4, ISBN 978-0-674-05598-8.</ref> Civitates foederatae etiam [[Tribunal militare internationale Orientis extremi]] die [[3 Maii]] anni 1946 ad prosequendos aliquos seniores generales [[Scelus bellicum|scelerum bellicorum]] accusatos convocaverunt. Anno 1947, Iaponia novam [[constitutio]]nem emphasim in liberalibus democraticis usibus ponentem adoptavit. [[Civitates foederatae Secundi belli mundani|Foederata]] Iaponiae occupatio finivit, [[Foedus Franciscopolitanum|Foedere Franciscopolitano]] facto anno 1952.<ref>Coleman, Iosephus (Joseph) (die Martii anni 2007). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20181119113409/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2007/03/06/national/52-coup-plot-bid-to-rearm-japan-cia/ '52 coup plot bid to rearm Japan: CIA]" (Anglice). ''The Japan Times Online''. Inpectum die 3 Aprilis anni 2007.</ref> et Iaponia admissa est socia [[Nationes Unitae|Nationum Unitarum]] anno 1956. Iaponia postea rapidum incrementum consecuta est quoad facta est secunda maxima oeconomia in toto orbe mundano, quamquam anno 2010 superata est a [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Re publicā populari Sinarum]]. Quod totum finem cepit medios annos 1990, cum Iaponia magnā recessione affecta est. Ineunte saeculum XXI, positivum incrementum gradualem oeconomicam recuperationem signavit.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5178822.stm "Japan scraps zero interest rates"]. BBC News. Pridie Idus Iulii anni 2006. Inspectum die 28 Decembris anni 2006.</ref> Die 11 Martii anni 2011, Iaponia uno e maximis [[terrae motus|terrae motibus]] in suā historiā perscriptā affecta est; quod [[Clades Nuclearis Fukushima Daiichi|Cladem Nuclearem Fukushimae Daiichi]], unam apud maximas clades in [[Energia nuclearis|energiae nuclearis]] historiā, concitavit.<ref name="Fackler">Fackler, Martin; Drew, Kevin (die 11 Martii anni 2011). [https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/12/world/asia/12japan.html "Devastation as Tsunami Crashes Into Japan"] (Iaponice). ''The New York Times''. Inspectum die 11 Martii anni 2011.</ref> == Geographia == [[Fasciculus:Carte topographique du Japon-fr.svg|thumb|[[Charta]] Iaponiae ([[Francice]] et [[Iaponice]] adnotata).]] [[Fasciculus:Satellite View of Japan 1999.jpg|thumb|Archipelagus Iaponicum e satellite visum.]] Iaponiae est summa 6 852 insularum praeter [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacifica]] litora. Est circiter 3 000 chiliometra aut 1 900 milia passuum longa e [[Mare Ochotense|Mari Ochotensi]] usque ad [[Mare Philippinense]] in [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceano Pacifico]]. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180126130519/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/policy/health/water_supply/1.html "Water Supply in Japan"] (Anglice et Iaponice). Ministerium Sanitatis, Laboris et Beneficiorum Socialium. Archivatum ex originali die 26 Ianuarii anni 2018. Inspectum die 26 Septembris anni 2018.</ref> Natio, inclusis omnibus insulis quas moderatur, inter latitudines 24° et 46° a septentrione et longitudines 122º et 146º ab oriente iacet. Praecipuae insulae, e septentrione versus meridiem, [[Esonia]]<ref>"[http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00050913/images/index.html?id=00050913&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=36 Esonia insula, Esonis terra]": {{Graesse}}</ref> (Iaponice 北海道), [[Honsua]] seu [[Honsium]] seu [[Honshu]] (Iaponice:本州), [[Insula Shikokuensis]]<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu [[Sicocus]]<ref>[[Lexicon Nominum Locorum]] [[Carolus Egger|Caroli Egger]] (p. 289, s.v. Shikoku)</ref> seu [[Sicocum]] seu [[Shikoku]] (Iaponice: 四国) et [[Ximum]] <ref>"alteram Ximum appellant. Haec satrapiis regnisve censetur novem." —''Historiae Indicae'' Ioannis Petri Maffei [http://wwwopac.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/cgi-bin/limedio/limewwwopac/page?sessionId=20041128.7274;sessionSeq=12181;sessionLang=eng;sessionCode=jis;bookid=607596;tocid=0;pageseq=148;sessionId=20041128.7274]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}.</ref><ref>"Sayckock, Maffeus Ximum appellat & novem satrapiis regnisve censeri scribit" — ''Descriptio Regni Iaponiae'' Bernhardi Varenii [http://wwwopac.tulips.tsukuba.ac.jp/cgi-bin/limedio/limewwwopac/page?sessionId=20050607.0031;sessionSeq=1671;sessionLang=eng;sessionCode=utf8;bookid=570008;tocid=0;pageseq=28;sessionId=20050607.0031]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}.</ref> seu [[Ximoa]]<ref name="Ximoa">[https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073239/https://www2.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0578a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann], ubi dicitur "Satcuma, ''Satcuma'', in Ximoa".</ref> (Iaponice 九州) sunt. Quarum amplissima Honsua, minima autem Shikoku, quae a ceteris insulis mari interiori, quod [[Mare Internum Setoense]]<ref name="Setoensis">Confer binomen "Goniobranchus setoensis".</ref> (Iaponice 瀬戸内海 ) appellatur, secreta est. [[Insulae Ryukyuenses]]<ref name="Ryukyuensis">Confer binomen "Bolbochromus ryukyuensis".</ref> (Iaponice 琉球諸島 seu 南西諸島), apud quas est [[Okinawa]]<ref>[http://www.eol.org/pages/224697# Callogobius okinawae]</ref> (Iaponice: 沖縄), catena a meridie [[Ximum|Ximi]] sunt. Haud longe a Ximo et [[Tsusima]] insula iacet in [[fretum Coreanum|freto Coreano]]. [[Insulae Nanpoenses]]<ref name="Nanpoensis">Confer binomen "Scrophulia nanpoensis".</ref> (Iaponice 南方諸島) a praecipuarum Iaponiensium insularum meridie sunt. Omnes coniuncte crebro archipelagus Iaponicum nuncupantur<ref>McCargo, Duncan (2000). [https://books.google.es/books?id=8au8QgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y ''Contemporary Japan''] (Anglice). Macmillan. pp. 8–11. ISBN 978-0-333-71000-5.</ref> (vide et [[Index Insularum Iaponiae|indicem insularum Iaponiae]]). Anno 2018, Iaponicum territorium 377 973.89 chiliometra quadrata aut 145 936.53 milia passuum quadratorum erat <ref>[http://www.gsi.go.jp/kihonjohochousa/kihonjohochousa61008.html 平成29年全国都道府県市区町村別の面積を公表] (Iaponice et Anglice). 国土地理院. Archivatum ex originali die 19 Septembris anni 2018. Inspectum eādem die.</ref> Est maxima insularis natio in [[Asia orientalis|Asiā orientali]]. Iaponia sextam maximam lineam litoralem in toto orbe mundano (29 752 chiliometra seu 18 486 milia passuum) habet. Ei limites terrestres non sunt. Propter multas longissime sparsas periphericas insulas, Iaponia octavam maximam Zonam Oeconomicam Exclusivam in toto orbe mundano habet, quae 4 470 000 chiliometra quadrata seu 1 730 000 milia passuum quadratorum tegit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180812151410/http://www1.kaiho.mlit.go.jp/JODC/ryokai/ryokai_setsuzoku.html 日本の領海等概念図]. 海上保安庁海洋情報部 (Iaponice). Archivatum ex originali pride 12 Augusti. Inspectum eādem die.</ref> Insula [[Honsua]], longe ceteris latior, in quinque per longitudinem dividitur regiones, quarum primum ad occasum solis [[Regio Chugokuensis]] <ref name="Chugokuensis">Confer binomina "Carabus chugokuensis" aut "Trichotichnus chugokuensis".</ref> (Iaponice 中国地方), quae [[Ximum]] attingit urbemque praeclaram tenet [[Hirosima]]m; deinde [[Regio Kansaiensis]]<ref name="Kansaiensis">Confer binomen "Podabrus kansaiensis".</ref> (Iaponice 関西地方 vel 近畿地方) appellata, ubi positum est [[Kyotum]] et [[Osaka]]; tum [[Regio Chubuensis]]<ref name="Chubuensis">Confer binomen "Rhodococcus chubuensis".</ref> (Iaponice 中部地方); porro [[Regio Quantoa]]<ref name="Quantoa">[https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073239/https://www2.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0578a.html Lexicum universale Hofmann], ubi dicitur "in Quantoa".</ref> seu [[Regio Kantoensis|Kantoënsis]]<ref name="Kantoensis">Confer binomen "Aster kantoensis".</ref> (Iaponice 関東地方), quae, cum Tokium maximam urbem teneat, famae ceteras antecedit; denique [[Tohoku|Regio Tohokuensis]] (Iaponice 東北地方), haud procul ab [[Esonia|Esoniā]] absens. Maxima Iaponorum pars, quae 72 fere centesimae pagorum Iaponiae montani sunt loci, urbes habitant, quarum princeps et quae plurimi incolae habet urbs [[Tokium]] est. Ceterum permulti sunt qui in regione Kansaiensi incolant. Urbes amplissimae sunt [[Tokium]], [[Yokohama]]<ref name="Yokohama">Ita Latine, cf. nomina biologica ''[http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8170 Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae]'' et ''[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?404822 Philadelphus yokohamae]''</ref> , [[Osaka]]<ref name="Osakensis">Vb.adiect. "Osakensis", cf. {{CathHierDiocese|osak|Archidioecesis Osakensis}}</ref>, [[Sapporum]]<ref name="Sapporum">[[Tuomo Pekkanen]] & [[Reijo Pitkäranta]], ''Lexicon hodiernae Latinitatis Finno-Latino-Finnicum''. Societas Litterarum Finnicarum, 2006</ref><ref>{{Graesse}}</ref>, [[Kobe]]<ref name="Kobensis">Confer binomen "Thismia kobensis".</ref>, [[Kyotum]]<ref name="Kyotum">{{egger}}</ref>, [[Fukuoka]]<ref name="Fukuokaensis"/>. 73% Iaponici territorii silvis montibusque componuntur, quod id non idoneum agriculturali, industriali aut residentiali usui facit.<ref name="CIA">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181226010157/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html%20 CIA World Factbook] (Anglice).</ref><ref>[https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm ''U.S. Relations With Japan''] (Anglice), [[Ministerium Rerum Externarum Civitatum Foederatarum]]. Inspectum die 26 decembris anni 2012.</ref> Praecipuum montuosum iugum [[Alpes Iaponicae|Alpibus Iaponicis]] constituitur, quae sitae sunt super fossā tectonicā Itoigawano-Shizuokaensi<ref name="Shizuokaensis">Confer binomina "Anadara (Scapharca ?) shizuokaensis" et " Cercaria shizuokaensis".</ref><ref name="Alpi">[http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Alpi+Giappon%C3%A9si.html ''Alpi Giapponesi''] (Italice), sapere.it. Inspectum die 26 decembris anni 2012.</ref> Pleraque culmina, asperis abruptisque apicibus depicta, surgunt et aliquando fere 3 000 metra altitudinis superant<ref name="Alpi"/> (altissimum culmen [[Mons Fusius]], Iaponice 富士山, est).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190212051023/https://www.turismo-giappone.it/index.php ''Fuji Hakone''] (Italice). turismo-giappone.it. Inspectum die 26 decembris anni 2012.</ref> Planities, e quibus planities Kantoensis<ref name="Kantoensis">Confer binomen "Aster kantoensis".</ref> vastissima est, iuxta litus aut intestinas valles sitae sunt.<ref>Stefano Kristel, [https://web.archive.org/web/20190608060925/http://web.tiscalinet.it/appuntiericerche/Geografia/giappone1.HTML ''Il Giappone''], web.tiscalinet.it, pridie Idus Decembres anni 2000. Inspectum die 26 decembris anni 2012.</ref> Iaponenses insulae [[mons ignifer|vulcanicā]] in regione intra [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacifici]] [[Circulus Ignis Pacificus|Circulum Ignis]] inveniuntur. Quae ortae sunt praesertim e magnis oceanicis motibus verificatis per centenarios numeros millionum annorum, e medio [[Silurium|Silurio]] usque ad [[Pleistocaenum]], propter [[subductio]]nem [[Lamina Philippiniana|Laminae Philippinianae]]<ref name="Alcuinus">Confer indices [[vocabulum|vocabulorum]] [[geographia|geographicorum]] a Leone Latino excerptorum partem alteram ([http://latinorumvocabulorumnovorumindex.blogspot.com/2009/10/geographical-vocabulary-ii-compiled-by.html hic] aut [http://www.alcuinus.net/ephemeris/lexico/geographica2.htm hic]).</ref> sub [[Lamina Amurana|Laminam Amuranam]]<ref>Quae nominata est a flumine [[Amur]]e seu Amurā.</ref> ac [[Lamina Okinawaënsis|Laminam Okinawaënsem]]<ref name="Okinawaënsis">Confer binomina "Emarginula okinawaensis" aut "Aphthona okinawaensis".</ref> a meridie et propter subductionem [[lamina Oceani Pacifici|Laminae Oceani Pacifici]]<ref name="Alcuinus"/> sub [[Lamina Ochotensis|Laminam Ochotensem]]<ref>Quae nominata est a [[Mare Ochotense|Mari Ochotensi]].</ref> a septentrione. Iaponia in principio iuncta erat orientali continentis [[Eurasia]]e litori. Oceanici motūs Iaponiam versus orientem pepulerunt, quod [[Mare Iaponicum]] circa 15 milliones annorum abhinc formavit.<ref>Gina L. Barnes, [http://shinku.nichibun.ac.jp/jpub/pdf/jr/IJ1501.pdf ''Origins of the Japanese Islands: The New “Big Picture”''] (Anglice) (PDF), [[Universitas Dunelmensis]], anno 2003. Inspectum die 26 decembris anni 2012.</ref> Iaponia 165 montes igniferos habet, e quibus 108 activi.<ref>''Giappone, il risveglio del vulcano Shinmoedake'' (Italice), in ''Panorama'', die 2 febrarii anni 2011. Inspectum die 26 decembris anni 2012.</ref><ref>[''Vulcani del Giappone''] (Italice), giappone.cc. Inspectum die 26 decembris anni 2012.</ref> [[Terrae motus|Terrae motūs]] calamitosi, crebro consequentibus cum [[megacyma]]tibus, magis magisque in singula saecula verificantur.<ref>[''Tectonics and Volcanoes of Japan''] (Anglice), Universitas Civitatis Oregoniae. Inspectum die 26 decembris anni 2012 (archivatum ex originali die 4 februarii anni 2007).</ref> [[Magnus Terrae Motus Kantoënsis]]<ref name="Kantoensis">Confer binomen "Aster kantoensis".</ref> anno 1923 amplius 140 000 hominum occidit. <ref>''The 1923 Tokyo Earthquake and Fire'' (Anglice) (PDF), [[Universitas Californiensis Berkeleiensis]], 2002. Inspectum die 26 decembris anni 2012.</ref> Recentiores apud [[Terrae motus|terrae motūs]] praecipuos [[Magnus Terrae Motus Kobensis]] anni 1995<ref name="Kobensis">Confer binomen "Thismia kobensis".</ref>, [[Kyotum]]<ref name="Kyotum">{{egger}}</ref> anni 1995 et [[Terrae motus Tohoku|Magnus Terrae Motus Tohokuensis]]<ref>Confer binomen "Lycenchelys tohokuensis".</ref> diei 11 Martii 2011 commemorati sunt. Hic ultimus magnitudinem 9,0 perscribere fecit, <ref>''USGS WPhase Moment Solution NEAR EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN'' (Anglice), earthquake.usgs.gov. Inspectum die 26 decembris anni 2012.</ref> e quo natum est giganteum [[megacyma]].<ref>[https://www.corriere.it/esteri/11_marzo_11/giappone-terremoto-allarme-tsunami_5c077c42-4ba6-11e0-b2c2-62530996aa7c.shtml ''Terremoto e tsunami, colpito il Giappone. Nuove scosse a Joetsu e nel nord-ovest''] (Italice), apud [[Corriere della Sera]], die 11 Martii anni 2011. Inspectum die 26 decembris anni 2012.</ref> ===Hydrographia=== [[Fasciculus:Shinano river.JPG|thumb|[[Flumen Shinanoënse|Fluminis Shinanoënsis]] conspectus aërius.]] [[Fasciculus:Biwa Lake.jpg|thumb|left|Sol super [[Lacus Biwa|lacum Biwam]] oritur.]] Angustam prolongatamque ob conformationem Iaponensium insularum, flumina hanc nationem transeuntia plerumque brevia sunt. Quae, praeterea, copiosa per vernalem nivis liquefactionem aut aestivales pluvias sunt, facta sunt nihilominus exigui cursūs aquae [[Siccum (tempus anni)|siccum]] per tempus; pauca profunditas et crebri praecipites aquae cursūs navigationem solum levissimis navibus permittunt. Longissimum flumen est [[Flumen Shinanoënse|Shinanoënse]]<ref name="Shinanoensis">Confer binomen "Bemisia shinanoensis".</ref> (Iaponice 信濃川 seu 千曲川), in insulā [[Honsua|Honsuā]], cum cursū circa 370 chiliometra longo; <ref name="Idrografia">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130430015610/http://www.sulgiappone.it/geografia-giappone/idrografia-giappone ''Idrografia del Giappone''] (Italice), sulgiappone.it. Situs interretialis die 28 decembris anni 2012 inspectus (archivatum e sitū originali pridie Kalendas Maias anni 2013).</ref> hāc in insulā alia praecipua flumina [[Flumen Tonense|Tonense]]<ref name="Tonensis">Confer binomen "Nipponasellus tonensis".</ref> (Iaponice 利根川), [[Flumen Kitakamiense|Kitakamiense]]<ref name="Kitakamiensis">Confer binomen "Hondoniscus kitakamiensis".</ref> (Iaponice 北上川), [[Flumen Tenryuense|Tenryense]]<ref name="Tenryuensis">Confer binomen "Parapodisma tenryuensis".</ref> (Iaponice 天竜川), [[Flumen Mogamiense|Mogamiense]]<ref name="Mogamiensis">Confer binomen "Hondoniscus mogamiensis".</ref> (Iaponice 最上川) sunt.<ref> [http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/honshu/ ''Honshu''] (Italice), treccani.it. Situs interretialis die 28 decembris anni 2012 inspectus.</ref> Praecipua apud flumina in [[Esonia|Esoniā]] [[Flumen Ishikariense]]<ref name="Ishikariensis">Confer binomen "Typhula ishikariensis".</ref> (Iaponice 石狩川), secundum Iaponicum flumen propter suae [[pelvis hydrographica]]e extensionem,<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/ishikari/ ''Ishikari''] (Italice), treccani.it. Situs interretialis die 28 decembris anni 2012 inspectus.</ref> est; praeter [[Flumen Teshioënse]]<ref name="Teshioensis">Confer binomen "Saghalinites teshioensis".</ref> (Iaponice 天塩川) et [[Flumen Tokachiense]]<ref name="Tokachiensis">Confer binomen "Silene tokachiensis".</ref> (Iaponice 十勝川).<ref>[http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Hokkaid%C5%8D.html ''Hokkaidō''] (Italice), sapere.it. Situs interretialis die 28 decembris anni 2012 inspectus.</ref> [[Flumen Yoshinoënse]]<ref name="Yoshinoensis">Confer binomen "Phreatoasellus yoshinoensis".</ref> (Iaponice 吉野川) maximum flumen [[Insula Shikokuensis|insulae Shikokuensis]] est.<ref>Marcellus (Marcello) Muccioli [http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/shikoku_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ ''SHIKOKU''] (Italice), treccani.it. Situs interretialis die 28 decembris anni 2012 inspectus.</ref> Numerosi lacūs sunt, aliqui [[mons ignifer|vulcanicae]] originis, qui crebro in exstinctorum [[mons ignifer|montium igniferorum]] [[caldera|calderis]] formantur et alii formantur ex obicibus fluvialium vallium; plerique siti sunt in montibus, ubi loca mansionis aestivae crebro facti sunt. Praecipuus est [[Lacus Biwa]]<ref name="Biwaensis">Confer binomen "Vallisneria biwaensis".</ref> (Iaponice 琵琶湖), in insulā [[Honsua|Honsuā]], quae superficiem 670 chiliometrorum quadratorum et profunditatem 104 metrorum habet.<ref name="Idrografia"/> ===Clima=== [[Fasciculus:Castle Himeji sakura02.jpg|thumb|[[Prunus serrulata|Pruni serrulatae]] floritio per ''[[hanami]]'' (Iaponice 花見).]] Iaponicum [[clima]] plerumque [[Zona temperata|temperatum]] est, sed sensili modo e septentrione versus meridiem variat. Temperatura media hiemalis 5,1ºC est, media autem aestivalis 25,2ºC. <ref>[https://www.japan.travel/en/plan/weather/ ''Climate''] (Anglice). Organizatio Nationalis Periegeōs Iaponiae. Situs interretialis die 26 decembris anni 2012 inspectus.</ref> Altissima temperatura in Iaponiā mensurata 41ºC est, [[12 Augusti|pridie Idūs Augustas]] anni 2013 perscrita.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130813031959/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/social_affairs/AJ201308120105 ''Japan’s highest temperature--41 degrees--marked in Kochi Prefecture''] (Anglice), apud [[Asahi Shimbu]], pridie Idūs Augustas. Situs interretialis die 2 septembris anni 2013 inspectus (archivatum e sitū interretialo originali Idibus Augustis anni 2013.</ref> [[Umidum (tempus anni)|Tempus pluviarum]] mense Maio [[insulae Okinawaënses|insulis Okinawaënsibus]]<ref name="Okinawaënsis">Confer binomina "Emarginula okinawaensis" aut "Aphthona okinawaensis".</ref> incipit. Fundamentaliter, potest dividi hoc archipelagus dissimiles in regiones sex, quae sunt: * [[Esonia]]<ref>"[http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00050913/images/index.html?id=00050913&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=36 Esonia insula, Esonis terra]": {{Graesse}}</ref><ref>Vb. adiect. "Hokkaidoënsis", cf. nomina biologica e.g. ''[[Obesotoma hokkaidoensis]]''; "Hokkaidensis", cf. ''[[Siphona hokkaidensis]]''</ref>, in septentrionali huius archipelagi extremitate sita, cum hiemibus rigidis et aestatibus frigidulis cum climate praesertim montano. Praecipitationes normales sunt, excepto hieme cum insulae solite nive sepultae sunt. * [[Mare Iaponicum]] ab occidente. Hieme ingentes ningores sunt propter ventos qui aestate frigidulis in auris hanc regionem obecerunt. Nihilominus, temperaturae aliquando elevata reliqua attingere possunt (typica regionum [[effectus Favonii|Favonio]] attactarum). <ref>''Temperatura del mare'' (Italice), apud ''giappone.temperature.flowiktionary.org''. Situs interretialis die 9 Decembris anni 2012 inspectus.</ref> * Insula media; cum climate typico intimarum partium insularum, cum repentinis temperaturae saltibus ex aestate in hiemem et e diem in noctem. Paucae praecipitationes. * [[Mare Internum Setoense]]<ref name="Setoensis">Confer binomen "Goniobranchus setoensis".</ref> (Iaponice 瀬戸内海 ), ubi marina regio inter [[Honsua]]m, [[Sicocus|Sicocum]] et [[Ximum]] montibus [[Regio Chugokuensis|Chugokuensibus]] <ref name="Chugokuensis">Confer binomina "Carabus chugokuensis" aut "Trichotichnus chugokuensis".</ref> et [[Insula Shikokuensis|Shikokuensibus]]<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> ab ventis protegitur, quod hanc aream climate imprimis mite totum per annum depingit. * [[Oceanus Pacificus]]; in orientali cuius litore hiemes rigidae paucis cum praecipitationibus et aestates calidae aestuosaeque sunt. * [[Insulae Ryukyuenses|Insulae Austroccidentales]], cuius regio [[clima subtropicale|climate subtropicali]] cum calidis hiemibus et adustis aestatibus depicta est. Praecipitationes abundant et crebro tunduntur [[Typhon marinus|typhonibus]]. ===Fauna et flora=== [[Fasciculus:Jigokudani hotspring in Nagano Japan 001.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Macaca fuscata|Macacarum fuscatarum]] grex in fonte thermali in praefecturā [[Naganoënsis|Naganoënsi]]<ref name="Naganoënsis">Cf. nomina biologica ''[[Bacillus naganoensis]]'', ''[[Pullulanibacillus naganoensis]]''</ref> se calefacit.]] Est magna varietas Iaponicā in gignentiā (circa 17&thinsp;000 specierum) et debetur eius [[clima]]ti et [[prominentia terrestris|prominentiae terrestri]]. [[Silva]]e 67 centesimae nationalis superficiei tegunt et componuntur plerumque frondosis arboribus et [[Pinophyta|pinophytis]]: [[castanea|castaneis]], [[fagus|fagis]], [[acer]]ibus, [[pinopsida|pinopsidis]], [[pinus sylvestris|pinis sylvestribus]] et [[larix|laricibus]], iuxta cum [[betula|betulis]] et [[Fraxinus|fraxinis]]. Ab occidente praestant pinopsidorum silvae quae prope [[bambuseae|bambuseas]], [[Magnolia grandiflora|magnolias]] et [[Castanea sativa|castaneas sativas]] crescunt. Albae et rubrae [[Prunus domestica|pruni domesticae]], praematurae floritionis [[prunus avium|pruni avium]] non minus quam [[bambuseae]] et [[pinus|pini]] traditionalia huius nationis symbola factae sunt. Iaponica fauna etiam varia est et rarissima specimina inveniri possunt quae vicinis in nationibus non inveniuntur. Ad instar gignentiae, haec variatio climati et prominentiae terrestri debetur. In [[Insulae Ryukyuenses|Insularum Ryukyuensium]]<ref name="Ryukyuensis">Confer binomen "Bolbochromus ryukyuensis".</ref>(Iaponice 琉球諸島 seu 南西諸島) maribus, est magna varietas tropicorum piscium, [[testudo|testudinum]], [[serpens marinus|serpentium marinorum]], [[dugong]] et [[Phocoena spinipinnis|phocoenarum spinipinnium]]... Ipsā in insulā Ryukyuensi<ref name="Ryukyuensis">Confer binomen "Bolbochromus ryukyuensis".</ref> inveniuntur alia autochthonica animalia sicuti [[spilornis cheela]], [[pteropodidae]] et [[lacertilia|lacertile]] mimeticum.<ref name="Fauna japonesa">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090419053316/http://web-japan.org/factsheet/es/pdf_Spanish/S03_floraf.pdf ''Fauna japonesa''] (Hispanice).</ref> Praeterea, hanc nationem habitant numerosi [[Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus|nyctereutae procyonoidae viverrini]], [[cervidae]], [[aix galericulata|aiges galericulatae]].<ref name="Fauna japonesa"/> Endemicas apud species invenuntur [[Macaca fuscata|macacae fuscatae]], [[Andrias japonicus|andriae Iaponici]], [[Epiophlebia superstes|epiophlebiae superstites]] et [[prionailurus iriomotensis|prionailuri iriomotenses]] apud alias. ==Civilitas== [[Fasciculus:Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko cropped Barack Obama Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko 20140424 2.jpg|thumb|Imperator [[Acihitus]] et [[Michika]] coniunx.]] Ritu, ut dictum est, Iaponiae regit imperator (scilicet [[monarchia constitutionalis]] est) qui adhuc ab [[Jimmu]] descendet, re verum autem [[Primus minister Iaponiae|minister princeps]] cum comitiis legumlatorum summum imperium et potestatem tenet. [[Diaeta Nationalis]] (Iaponice 国会), [[Chiyoda (Tokium)|Chiyodae]] ([[Tokium|Tokii]]) sita, est legumlatorum summa comitia, quae duas dividitur in cameras: haec Camera Repraesentivorum (Iaponice 衆議院), cui legumlatores 480, illa Camera Consiliariorum (Iaponice 参議院), numero 242, qui omnes itidem suffragio universali et secreto civium annos plures quam duodeviginti<ref>Sekiguchi, Toko (die 17 Iunii anni 2015). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/japan-lowers-voting-age-to-18-1434514706 "Japan Lowers Voting Age to 18"] (Anglice). ''The Wall Street Journal''. Archivatum e situ interretiali originali die 14 Ianuarii anni 2016. Inspectum eādem die.</ref> natorum electi sunt. Causae vel factiones praecipuae [[Factio Democratica Liberalis]] (Iaponice 自民党), porro autem [[Factio Democratica Iaponica]] (民主党), praeterea factiones minores sunt [[Komeito]] (Iaponice 公明党, vel Latine "factio aequitatis"), Factio Communistica (Iaponice 共産党), Factio ad Renovationem (Iaponice 維新の党), et ceterae. Nostro tempore imperator [[Acihitus]], [[minister princeps]] [[Shinzō Abe]]<ref>[Fackler, Martinus (Martin) (27 decembris anni 2012). [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/27/world/asia/shinzo-abe-selected-as-japans-prime-minister.html?_r=1& "Ex-Premier Is Chosen To Govern Japan Again"] (Anglice). ''[[The New York Times]]''. Inspectum die 12 Martii anni 2013.]</ref>, candidatus [[Factio Democratica Liberalis|Factionis Democraticae Liberalis]], est, quae factio autem ambas per cameras cum Komeito factione dominatur. Systema legale Iaponicum, historice [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinensibus]] legibus affectum, independenter se evolvit per [[periodus Edoensis|Periodum Edoënsem]]<ref name="edoensis">Confer binomina "Narosa edoensis" et "Turbonilla edoensis".</ref> cum textibus sicuti ''[[Kujikata Osadamegaki]]'' (Iaponicis litteris 公事方御定書, scilicet "Liber regularum officialium publicorum").<ref>Dean, Meryll (2002). ''Japanese legal system: text, cases & materials'' (Anglice) (editio II). Cavendish. ISBN 978-1-85941-673-0. Paginae 55-58.</ref> Nihilominus, exeunte [[saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]] systema iudiciale praesertim in legibus civilibus [[Europa]]eis, imprimis in [[Germania|Germanicis]], fundatum est. Verbi gratiā, anno 1896 gubernium Iaponicum codicem civilem in lineamento Codicis Iuris Civilis Germanici ([[Theodisce]] ''Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'') fundatum statuit, qui adhuc viget aliquibus cum mutationibus post [[Secundum bellum mundanum]].<ref> Kanamori, Shigenari (Kalendis Ianuariis anni 1999). "German influences on Japanese Pre-War Constitution and Civil Code". ''European Journal of Law and Economics'' '''7''' (1): 93–95. doi:10.1023/A:1008688209052.</ref> Constitutio ut imperator leges a Diaetā probatas perferat, adversandi impotens, postulat.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131214104438/http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/constitution_and_government_of_japan/constitution_e.html "The Constitution of Japan"]. Prime Minister of Japan and His Cabinet (Anglice). Die 3 Novembris anni 1946. Archivatum e situ interretiali originali die 14 Decembris anni 2013. Consultatum die 14 Novembris anni 2014.</ref> Systema iudiciale Iaponicum divisum est in gradūs basicos quattuor, apud quos Iudicium Summum maximus gradus est<ref>[http://japan.kantei.go.jp/judiciary/0620system.html "The Japanese Judicial System"] (Anglice). Sedes Primi Ministri Iaponici. Consultatum die 27 Martii anni 2007.</ref> et corpus iuris Civitatis Iaponicae "Six Codices" nuncupatur.<ref>Dean, Meryll (2002). ''Japanese legal system: text, cases & materials'' (Anglice) (editio II). Cavendish. ISBN 978-1-85941-673-0. Pagina 131.</ref> ===Externae rationes et defensio=== [[Fasciculus:Helicopter carrier Hyūga (16DDH).jpg|thumb|[[Classis Hyūga|JDS ''Hyūga'']], una [[navis helicopterigera|navium helicopterigerarum]] vis maritimae Iaponicae autodefensionis.]] [[Fasciculus:Bush Abe, Camp David.jpg|thumb|right|[[Shinzō Abe]] et [[Georgius W. Bush]].]] Iaponia arctas oeconomicas militaresque conexiones praecipuo cum socio, [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]]<ref> Michael Green, [https://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/03/japan_is_back_why_tokyos_new_a.html «Japan Is Back: Why Tokyo’s New Assertiveness Is Good for Washington»] (Anglice), Real Clear Politics (inspectum die 28 Martii 2007).</ref>, habet, formalizatas Foedere coöperationis mutuae et securitatis inter Civitates Foederatas et Iaponiam (Iaponice 日本国とアメリカ合衆国との間の相互協力及び安全保障条約; Anglice ''Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan'') anni 1960. Civitas socia [[Nationes Unitae|Nationum Unitarum]] ex anno [[1956]], Iaponia haud permanens [[Consilium securitatis|Consilii securitatis]] socia per duodeviginti annorum summam et per periodum inter 2009 et 2010 fuit. Etiam est una e nationibus [[Grex Quattuor Civitatum|Gregis Quattuor Civitatum]] (Iaponice G4諸国; [[Theodisce]] ''G4-Staaten'' seu ''Gruppe der Vier''; [[Lusice]] ''Nações G4''; [[Hindice]] जी-4 देश; et Anglice ''G4 nations'') quaerentis se esse permanentes [[Consilium securitatis|Consilii securitatis]] socias.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070221044357/http://www.centralchronicle.com/20070111/1101194.htm «UK backs Japan for UNSC bid»] (archivum diei 21 Februarii anni 2007) (Anglice), Cenral Chronicle (inspectum diei 28 Martii anni 2007).</ref> Sicuti socia [[Grex Octo Civitatum|Gregis Octo Civitatum]], [[Cooperatio Oeconomica inter Asiam et Pacificum|Coöperationis Oeconomicae inter Asiam et Pacificum]] (Anglice '''Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation'' seu ''APEC'') et [[Societas Civitatum Asiae Meridionalis et Orientalis plus Tres|Societatis Civitatum Asiae Meridionalis et Orientalis plus Tres]] (Iaponice ''ASEAN+3'') et participans Conventum summi gradūs Asiae orientalis, Iaponia active internationales res participat et suas diplomaticas rationes praecipuis cum sociis in toto orbe terrarum corroborat. Iaponia foedus securitatis cum [[Australia|Australiā]] Martio anni 2007<ref>[https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/australia/joint0703.html Japan-Australia Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation] (Anglice et Iaponice).</ref> et cum [[India|Indiā]] Octubre anni 2008<ref>[https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/india/pmv0810/joint_d.html Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation between Japan and India] (Anglice et Iaponice).</ref> obsignavit. Quoque est tertia natio qui maxime donat auxilio pro oeconomicā progressione, post Civitates Foederatas et [[Britanniarum Regnum]], cum donatione 8.86 [[milliardum|milliardorum]] [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum Statunitensium]] anno [[2004]].<ref>[http://www.oecd.org/development/financing-sustainable-development/35389786.pdf ''Table: Net Official Development Assistance In 2004''] (Anglice) - [[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]], die 11 Aprilis anni 2005.</ref> Iaponia cum copiis non pugnantibus Coalitioni militari in [[Iraca|Irācā]] inter 2004 et 2008 contribuit.<ref name="Tokyo says">[https://www.nytimes.com/ «Tokyo says it will bring troops home from Iraq»] (Anglice), [International Herald Tribune], pridie Kalendas Iulias anni 2006 (inspectum die 28 Martii anni 2007).</ref> Iaponia involuta est in plurimis territorialibus conflictibus cum vicinis nationibus: cum [[Russia|Russiā]] de [[Insulae Curilenses|Insulis Curilensibus]], cum [[Res publica Coreana|Coreā Meridianā]] de [[Scopuli Liancourtenses|Scopulis Liancourtensibus]]<ref name="Liancourtensis">Confer binomen "Genotia Liancourtensis".</ref>, cum [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Re publicā populari Sinarum]] ac [[Res publica Sinarum|Taivaniā]] de [[Insulae Senkakuenses]]<ref name="Senkakuensis">Confer binomen "Camponotus senkakuensis".</ref> (Iaponice 尖閣諸島; [[Sinice]] 釣魚台列嶼 seu 钓鱼岛及其附属岛屿) et quoque cum [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Re publicā populari Sinarum]] de [[zona oeconomica exclusiva|zonā oeconomicā exclusivā]] circum [[Okinotorishima]]m (Iaponice 沖ノ鳥島), quod difficiles rationes inter [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinas]] et Iaponiam facit. Iaponia etiam dissentionem cum [[Res publica popularis democratica Coreana|Coreā Septentrionali]] oppetit de surreptis Iaponicis civibus et de [[arma nuclearia|armis nuclearibus]]. De controversiā de [[Insulae Curilenses|Insulis Curilensibus]], Iaponia technice in bello cum [[Russia|Russiā]] est, quia nulla solutio huic quaestioni obsignata est.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150703195129/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html ''CIA - The World Factbook - Russia''] (Anglice).</ref> Exercitus Iaponicus articulo nono Constitutionis Iaponicae restrictus est, quae Iaponiam renuntiare facit suum ius belli decernendi aut utendi suā vi militari sicuti instrumento ad pagendas internationales dissentiones. Vires armatae Iaponicae a Ministerio Defensionis reguntur et componuntur vi terrestri, marinā et aëriā. Vires quibus Iaponia usa est nuperrime operationibus servandae pacis et diducendarum Iaponicarum copiarum in Iracā primam militarem Iaponiae interventionem peregre e [[Secundum bellum mundanum|Secundo bello mundano]] involvit.<ref name="Tokyo says"/> Nationi est, praeterea, [[Consilium securitatis nationalis]] (Iaponice 国家安全保障会議), quod primum [[4 Decembris|pridie Nonas Decembres]] anni 2013 congregatum est ad disceptandam strategiam securitatis nationalis dando responso instauratae a [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinis]] zonae identificationis aëriae in [[Mare Sinense Orientale|Mari Sinensi Orientali]].<ref>''Japan's NSC meets for first time, with ADIZ issue on agenda'' (Anglicis) (versio 21 Februarii anni 2014 de interretiali archivo), Xinhua, pridie Nonas Decembres anni 2013.</ref> Iaponia anno 2014 observans socia [[Communitas Nationum Linguae Lusitanae|Communitatis Nationum Linguae Lusitanae]] ([[Lusice]] ''Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa'') facta est e conventū summo [[Dili]]ensi.<ref>''[https://www.cplp.org/id-2595.aspx Observadores Associados]{{Nexus deficit|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' (Lusice), [[Communitas Nationum Linguae Lusitanae]].</ref> A Septembri mense anni 2015, vires Iaponicae autodefensionis adhiberi extra nationem possunt ad auxiliandum nationi sociae.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/asie-pacifique/article/2015/07/16/au-japon-la-loi-pour-renforcer-l-armee-passe-une-etape-legislative-cruciale_4685017_3216.html ''Au Japon, la loi pour renforcer l’armée passe une étape législative cruciale''] (Francice), ''Le Monde.fr'', die 16 Iulii anni 2015.</ref><ref>[https://fr.sputniknews.com/international/201509171018231604/ ''Japon : la nouvelle loi sur l’autodéfense, menace pour la stabilité?''], apud ''Sputnik''.</ref> ==Divisio administrativa== [[Fasciculus:Regiones et praefecturae Iaponiae.png|thumb|300px|Praefecturae et regiones Iaponiae.]] {{Vide-etiam|Regiones Iaponiae}} {{Vide-etiam|Divisio administrativa Iaponiae}} {{Vide-etiam|Index praefecturarum Iaponiae}} Iaponia divisa est in [[praefectura]]s 47, singulas rectas a singulis [[gubernator]]ibus, singulis parlamentis et singulis administrativis grapheocratiis.<ref>Iaponice 43 praefecturae "''ken''" (県) nuncupantur, Kyotensis Osakensisque "''fu''" (府) sunt, Esonia "''dō''" (道) et Tokium "''to''" (都) est. Quamquam nomen dissimile est, functionaliter aequa sunt.</ref> Singulae praefecturae praeterea in urbes, oppida et villagia divisae sunt.<ref>McCargo, Duncan (2000). [https://books.google.es/books?id=8au8QgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y ''Contemporary Japan''] (Anglice). Macmillan. pp. 84–85. ISBN 978-0-333-71000-5.</ref> Natio in praesenti novam administrativam ordinationem patitur se confundendis multis urbibus, oppidis villagiisque inter se. Hic processus administrativarum subpraefecturalium regionum numerum deminuet et administrativa impensa secari exspectantur.<ref>Mabuchi, Masaru (Maio anni 2001). "[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/WBI/Resources/wbi37175.pdf ''Municipal Amalgamation in Japan'']" (PDF Anglice). Argentaria Mundana. Inspectum die 28 Decembris anni 2006.</ref> ==Demographia== ===Numerus incolarum=== [[Fasciculus:Tokyo from the top of the SkyTree.JPG|thumb|left|[[Territorium urbis Tokii]] maximum territorium urbis in toto orbe terrarum aestimatum.]] Iaponiae [[numerus incolarum]] circiter 126 milliones aestimatur,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200615001511/https://population.un.org/wpp/DataQuery/ "World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision"]. ''ESA.UN.org'' (aptata data adquisita viā sitūs interretialis). Area Nationum Unitarum rerum oeconomicarum et socialium, Incolarum Divisio. Consultatum die 10 Septembris anni 2017.</ref> cum 80% incolarum in [[Honsua|Honsuā]] viventium. Asperum montanumque propter agrum cum 66% silvarum, incolae se urbanis in areis apud litus, planitiēs vallesque coniungunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230119090259/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.FRST.ZS?order=wbapi_data_value_2013+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc "Forest area"] (Anglice). The World Bank Group. Consultum die 11 Octobris anni 2015.</ref><ref>[http://www.gsi.go.jp/atlas/archive/j-atlas-d_j_02.pdf 地形分類] (PDF) (Iaponice). Geosideralis Informationis Auctoritas Iaponiae. Consultum [[14 Octobris|pridie Idus Octobris]] anni 2015.</ref> Iaponia urbana societas solum cum 5% operariorum in agriculturā laborantibus est. Circiter 80 milliones urbanorum incolarum magnopere in Pacifico [[Honsua|Honsuae]] litore densantur.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/today/placesinthenews/archive/2011arch/20110921_japan.html "Japan – Places in the News"] (Anglice). ''www.loc.gov''. [[Bibliotheca Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum]]. Consultum die 30 Ianuarii anni 2017.</ref> Anno [[2010]], 90,7% omnium Iaponiensium incolarum in urbibus vivunt.<ref>[http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2010/final/pdf/01-02.pdf 平成22年国勢調査最終報告書 人口の地域分布] (Iaponice) (PDF). Ministerium rerum internarum et institutum statisticae communicationum. Inspectum [[14 Octobris|pridie Idus Octobres]] anni 2015.</ref> Urbi capiti [[Tokium|Tokio]] 13,8 milliones incolarunt anno 2018.<ref>[http://www.toukei.metro.tokyo.jp/jsuikei/js-index.htm 東京都の人口（推計] (Iaponice et Anglice). Regio Instituti Statisticae Gubernii Metropolitani Tokiensis. Archivatum ex originali die 2 Octobris anni 2018. Consultum die 22 Octobris anni 2018.</ref> Tokium pars est [[Territorium urbis Tokii|Territorii urbis Tokii]], maximi [[territorium urbis|territorii urbis]] in toto orbe terrarum cum 38 140 000 incolarum anno 2016.<ref>[http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c0117.html "Table 2.10 Population of Three Major Metropolitan Areas"] (Anglice). Institutum statisticae Iaponiae. Consultum 26 Novembris anni 2013.</ref><ref>Nationes Unitae (die 12 Martii anni 2017). [https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf "The World's Cities in 2016"] (Anglice) (PDF). Nationes Unitae.</ref> Haec area 13 500 km<sup>2</sup> seu 5 200 milia passuum quadratorum<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070210012525/http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2000/final/zuhyou/092.xls "Japan Statistics Bureau – Keihin'yō Major Metropolitan Area"] (Anglice et Iaponice). Archivatum ex originali die 10 Februarii anni 2007. Consultum die 26 Octobris anni 2018. Archivatum die 10 Februarii anni, apud Wayback Machine.</ref> lata est et habet [[Spissitudo incolarum|spissitudinem]] 2 642 incolarum per chiliometrum quadratum seu 1 020 incolarum per mille passuum quadratorum. Iaponiensis societas [[linguistica|linguistice]], ethnice et culturaliter homogenea,<ref name="Multicultural">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110414035203/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20070327zg.html "'Multicultural Japan' remains a pipe dream"] (Anglice). ''Japan Times''. Die 27 Martii 2007. Archivatum ex originali die 14 Aprilis anni 2011. Consultum die 16 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> a 98,5% ethnicorum Iaponiensium<ref name="CIA"/>, cum parvo numero incolarum peregrinorum operariorum.<ref name="Multicultural"/> [[Corea]]ni [[Zainichienses]] (Iaponice 在日韓国人; Coreane 재일조선인),<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/04/02/news/japanborn-koreans-live-in-limbo.html "Japan-born Koreans live in limbo"]. ''The New York Times''. Die 2 Aprilis anni 2005. Consultum die 16 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> [[Seres]], [[Philippinae|Philippini]], [[Brasilia|Brasilienses]] praesertim ex Iaponicā proli,<ref name="Onishi">Onishi, Norimitsu (Kalendis Novembribus anni 2008). [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/02/world/asia/02japan.html "An Enclave of Brazilians Is Testing Insular Japan"]. ''The New York Times''. Consultum 16 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> [[Peruvia]]ni praesertim ex Iaponicā proli et [[Statunitensis|Statunitenses]] apud parvas minoritates in Iaponiā sunt.<ref>["'Home' is where the heartbreak is for Japanese-Peruvians"] (Anglice). ''Asia Times''. Die 16 Octobris anni 1999. Consultum die 16 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> Anno 2003, erant 134 700 haud [[America Latina|Latinamericanorum]] [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Occidentalium]] (exclusis amplius 33 000 Statunitensium militarium ministrorum et suorum obnoxiorum totam per nationem destinatorum)<ref>[https://asiamattersforamerica.org/articles/80000-americans-reside-in-japan "Global Partners Report: 80,000 Americans Reside in Japan"] (Anglice). Consultum die 15 Iunii anni 2015.</ref> et 345 500 [[America Latina|Latinamericanorum]] exsulium, quorum 274 700 Brasilienses erant -praecipue Iaponienses prognati aut Iaponici immigrantes (Iaponice 日系人), iuxta cum coniugibus esse dicti-,<ref name="Onishi"/> maxima Occidentalium communitas.<ref>[http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/pdf/y0213014.pdf "Registered Foreigners in Japan by Nationality"] (Anglice et Iaponice) (PDF). Ministerium statisticae. Archivatum ex originali (PDF) die 24 Augusti anni 2005. Consultum die 16 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Bjs48 02 Ainu.jpg|thumb|[[Ainuenses]], ethnica minoritas e Iaponiā.]] Praecipuum autochthonicum [[ethnos]] [[Yamatoenses|Yamatoënses]]<ref name="Yamatoënsis">Confer binomina "Agonopterix yamatoensis" et "Gomphonema yamatoensis".</ref> (Iaponice 大和民族) sunt; apud primaria minoritaria ethnē sunt indigenae [[Ainu (populus)|Ainuenses]]<ref name="Ainuensis">Confer binomen "Zaus ainuensis".</ref> (Iaponice アイヌ; [[Ainuane]] アィヌ seu Аину; et [[Russice]] Айны)<ref>Fogarty, Philippa (die 6 Iunii anni 2008). [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/7437244.stm "Recognition at last for Japan's Ainu"] (Anglice). BBC. Consultus die 7 Iunii anni 2008.</ref> et [[Ryukyuenses]]<ref name="Ryukyuensis">Confer binomen "Bolbochromus ryukyuensis".</ref> (Iaponice 琉球民族), non minus quam sociales minoritarii circuli sicuti [[Burakumin]]es<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190523100257/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,910511,00.html "The Invisible Race"] (Anglice). ''Time''. Die 8 Ianuarii 1973. Consultum die 16 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> (Iaponice 部落民). Sunt incolae mixtorum maiorum se intra Yamatoënses incorporaverunt, tales [[Insulae Boninenses|Insularum Boninensium]]<ref name="Boninensis">Confer binomina "Liardetia boninensis", "Haplochernes boninensis" et "Idiophyes boninensis".</ref> (Iaponice 小笠原群島).<ref>McCormack, Gavan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130116212758/http://www.jpri.org/publications/occasionalpapers/op15.html "Dilemmas of Development on The Ogasawara Islands,"] (Anglice) '''JPRI Occasional Paper'', No. 15 (Augusto anni 1999).</ref> Anno 2014, peregre nati operarii sine civitatis acceptione solum 1,5% omnium incolarum constituebant.<ref>[http://www.stat.go.jp/data/nenkan/zuhyou/y650214000.xls "Annales Statistici Iaponici anni 2016] (Iaponice), archivati die 19 Maii anni 2016, in ''Wayback Machine''.</ref> Iaponia ethnice homogenea late habetur et [[ethnos|ethnicas]] ac [[Phyle (grex humanus)|phyleticas]] statisticas Iaponicis nationalibus non confert; tali de thesi fontes variant, saltim cum analysi Iaponiam sicuti societatem multiethnicam describente<ref>John Lie ''Multiethnic Japan'' (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2001) (Anglice).</ref>, aliā cum analysi autem recentium adventiciae originis Iaponiensium nationalium numerum minimum esse asserente<ref name="Atsushi">Atsushi Kotani (2010). 日本文化論のインチキ (Iaponice). Gentensei Shinko Shinbun. ISBN 978-4-344-98166-9.</ref>. Plerique Iaponienses nationem sicuti societatem monoculturalem videre pergunt. Prior Iaponiensis Primus Minister et praesens Minister Rerum Nummariarum [[Tarō Asō]] Iaponiam sicuti unius phylēs, unius civilizationis, unius linguae et unius culturae nationem descripsit, quod fecit ut ethnicarum minoritatum sicuti [[Ainuenses|Ainuensium]] legislatores haec verba impugnarent.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230524054529/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2005/10/18/national/aso-says-japan-is-nation-of-one-race/#.XOvX7Y9S-00 "Aso says Japan is nation of 'one race'"] (Anglice). The Japan Times. Die 18 Octobris anni 2005.</ref> Iaponia secundam maximam totalem [[exspectatio vitae|exspectationem vitae]] partū cuiuslibet nationis in toto orbe terrarum habet: 83,5 annorum hominibus inter annos 2010 et 2015 natis.<ref name="Table A"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190522145059/https://www.haaretz.com/1.5056236 "WHO: Life expectancy in Israel among highest in the world"]. ''Haaretz''. Maio anni 2009. Inspectum die 15 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> Iaponienses rapide veterescunt, propter nataliorum eruptionem post [[Secundum bellum mundanum]] quam secuta est imminutio indicum natalium. Anno 2012, circa 24,1% incolarum amplius 65 annos nati sunt et proportio paene ad 40% anno 2050 ascendere proiecta est.<ref>[http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c0117.html#c02 "Statistical Handbook of Japan 2013: Chapter 2 – Population"] (Anglice). Institutum statisticae. Inspectum die 14 Februarii anni 2014.</ref> Die 15 Septembris anni 2018, primā vice, unus e quinque hominibus in Iaponiā 70 annos aut amplius natus est secundum Ministerium rerum internarum et communicationum. 26,18 milliones hominum 70 annos aut amplius nati sunt et rationem 20,7% incolarum reddunt. Provectae feminae 20 milliones cum 20, 12 millionibus superant, substantialiter excedunt 15,45 milliones nationales provectorum virorum.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190530120305/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/09/17/national/number-women-japan-aged-least-65-years-old-tops-20-million-first-time/ "For the first time, 1 person in 5 in Japan is 70 or older"] (Anglice).'' The Japan Times Online''. The Japan Times. Die 17 Septembris anni 2018. Inspectum die 17 Septembris anni 2018.</ref> Hic inferius est tabula cum urbibus populosissimis in Iaponiā secundum censum anni 2010: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Positio ! [[Urbs]] ! [[Praefectura]] ! [[Numerus incolarum|Incolae]] ! Photographemata |- | 1 || [[Tokium]]<ref>[[Ebbe Vilborg|Vilborg, Ebbe]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'', editio secunda. Norstedts Akademiska Förlag, Holmia, 2009.</ref><ref>Tokium apud [https://web.archive.org/web/20100603080722/http://www.yleradio1.fi/nuntii/id24324.shtml Nuntios Latinos] audiatur.</ref><ref>Vb. adiect. "Tokiensis", cf. {{CathHierDiocese|toky|Archidioecesis Tokiensis}}.</ref> || [[Tokium]] || 13 843 403 || [[Fasciculus:Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January_(revised).jpg|100px]] |- | 2 || [[Yokohama]]<ref>Ita Latine, cf. nomina biologica ''[http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8170 Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae]'' et ''[http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?404822 Philadelphus yokohamae]''</ref> || [[Kanagawaensis|Kanagawaënsis]]<ref name="Kanagawaensis">Confer binomen "Aspergillus kanagawaensis".</ref> || 3 740 172 || [[Fasciculus:Skyline_of_Minato_Mirai_21,_Yokohama,_20150201.jpg|100px]] |- | 3 || [[Osaka]]<ref name="Osakensis">Vb.adiect. "Osakensis", cf. {{CathHierDiocese|osak|Archidioecesis Osakensis}}</ref> seu [[Ozaca]]<ref name="Ozaca">[https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073239/https://www2.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0578a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann] ubi dicitur "Ozaca, ''Ozaca'', in regno Cavacho".</ref> || [[Osakensis]]<ref name="Osakensis">Vb.adiect. "Osakensis", cf. {{CathHierDiocese|osak|Archidioecesis Osakensis}}</ref> || 2 725 006 || [[Fasciculus:Osaka_Castle_02bs3200.jpg|100px]] |- | 4 || [[Nagoya]]<ref>Vb. adiect. "Nagoyanus": cf. nomen biologicum ''[[Calliteara nagoyana]]''</ref>|| [[Aichiensis]]<ref name="Aichiensis">Confer binomina "Gordonia Aichiensis" et "Falcileptoneta aichiensis".</ref> || 2320 361 || [[Fasciculus:Nagoya_2017_(34159008173).jpg|100px]] |- | 5 || [[Sapporum]]<ref>[[Tuomo Pekkanen]] & [[Reijo Pitkäranta]], ''Lexicon hodiernae Latinitatis Finno-Latino-Finnicum''. Societas Litterarum Finnicarum, 2006</ref><ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> || [[Esonia]]<ref name="Esonia">"[http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00050913/images/index.html?id=00050913&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=36 Esonia insula, Esonis terra]": {{Graesse}}</ref> seu [[Esonis]]<ref name="Esonia"/> seu [[Hokkaidoënsis]]<ref>Vb. adiect. "Hokkaidoënsis", cf. nomina biologica e.g. ''[[Obesotoma hokkaidoensis]]''; "Hokkaidensis", cf. ''[[Siphona hokkaidensis]]''.</ref>|| 1 966 416 || [[Fasciculus:Hokkaido_University.jpg|100px]] |- | 6 || [[Fukuoka]]<ref name="Fukuokaensis"/> || [[Fukuokaënsis]]<ref name="Fukuokaensis">Vb.adiect. "Fukuokaensis", cf. [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dfuku.html Archidioecesis Fukuokaensis]</ref> || 1 579 450 || [[Fasciculus:Seaside-momochi.JPG|100px]] |- | 7 || [[Cobeum]]<ref name="Cobeum">Vide [https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cobeum Victionarium]</ref> seu [[Kobe]]<ref name="Kobensis">Confer binomen "Thismia kobensis".</ref>, [[Kyotum]]<ref name="Kyotum">{{egger}}</ref>. || [[Hyogoensis]]<ref name="Hyogoensis">Confer binomina "Podabrus hyogoensis" et "Yaginumaella hyogoensis".</ref> || 1 527 407 || [[Fasciculus:Kobe_Mosaic06s4s3200.jpg|100px]] |- | 8 || [[Kawasaki]]<ref name="Kawasakiensis">Confer binomina "Volvox carteri f. kawasakiensis" et "Rhizopus javanicus var. kawasakiensis".</ref> || [[Kanagawaensis|Kanagawaënsis]]<ref name="Kanagawaensis">Confer binomen "Aspergillus kanagawaensis".</ref> || 1 516 483 || [[Fasciculus:Kawasaki_Station_East_Exit_2.jpg|100px]] |- | 9 || [[Kyotum]]<ref name="Kyotum">{{egger}}</ref> seu [[Kioto]]<ref name="Kioto">[[Tuomo Pekkanen]] & [[Reijo Pitkäranta]], ''Lexicon hodiernae Latinitatis Finno-Latino-Finnicum''. Societas Litterarum Finnicarum, 2006.</ref> || [[Kyotensis]]<ref name="Kyotensis">Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|kyot|Dioecesis Kyotensis}}</ref> || 1 468 980 || [[Fasciculus:Kyoto_and_Karasuma_Street_(MA_59).jpg|100px]] |- | 10 || [[Saitama]]<ref name="Saitamaensis">Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|dsait|Archidioecesis Saitamaensis}}.</ref> || [[Saitamaensis|Saitamaënsis]]<ref name="Saitamaensis">Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|dsait|Archidioecesis Saitamaensis}}.</ref> || 1 295 607 || [[Fasciculus:Japanese_Saitama_Shintoshin_west_building.jpg|100px]] |- | 11 || [[Hirosima]]<ref name="Hirosima">[[Ioannes Paulus II]], [https://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/fr/speeches/1983/may/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_19830509_scienziati.html "Discours du pape Jean-Paul II à un groupe de savants et de chercheurs"]: "Allocutio Hirosimae".</ref> || [[Hiroshimaënsis]]<ref name="Hiroshimaensis">Vb.adiect. "Hiroshimaensis", cf. [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dhiro.html Archidioecesis Hiroshimaensis].</ref> || 1 199 252 || [[Fasciculus:Hiroshima_Peace_Memorial.jpg|100px]] |- | 12 || [[Sendai]]<ref name="Sendai">[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dsend.html Hierarchia Catholica] ubi dicitur "Dioecesis Sendaiensis".</ref> || [[Miyagiensis]]<ref name="Miyagiensis">Confer binomina "Labrys miyagiensis" et "Cybaeus miyagiensis".</ref> || 1 088 669 || [[Fasciculus:Higashi-Ni-banchō-dōri_avenue_01.JPG|100px]] |- | 13 || [[Chiba]]<ref name="Chibaënsis">Cf. nomina biologica "Streptomyces chibaensis", "Scolecostigmina chibaensis"</ref> || [[Chibaënsis]]<ref name="Chibaënsis">Cf. nomina biologica "Streptomyces chibaensis", "Scolecostigmina chibaensis"</ref> || 977 247 || [[Fasciculus:Chiba_monorail_and_prefectual_office.jpg|100px]] |- | 14 || [[Kitakyushu]]<ref name="Kitakyushu">Confer binomen "Tylocerus sobosanus kitakyushuensis".</ref> || [[Fukuokaënsis]]<ref name="Fukuokaensis"/> || 945 595 || [[Fasciculus:Isetan_department_store_Kokura.jpg|100px]] |- | 15 || [[Sacaium]]<ref name="Sacaium">[https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073239/https://www2.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0578a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann] ubi dicitur "Sacaium, ''Sacay'', in regno Idzumo".</ref> seu [[Sakai]]<ref name="Sakai">Confer binomen "Ideonella sakaiensis".</ref> || [[Osakensis]]<ref name="Osakensis">Vb.adiect. "Osakensis", cf. {{CathHierDiocese|osak|Archidioecesis Osakensis}}</ref> || 831 017 || [[Fasciculus:Sakai City Hall 2024.jpg|100px]] |- | 16 || [[Niigata]]<ref name="Niigataënsis">Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|niig|Dioecesis Niigataensis}}.</ref> || [[Niigataënsis]]<ref name="Niigataënsis">Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|niig|Dioecesis Niigataensis}}.</ref> || 800 582 || [[Fasciculus:Niigata_City.jpg|100px]] |- | 17 || [[Hamamatsu]] || [[Shizuokaensis|Shizuokaënsis]]<ref name="Shizuokaensis">Confer binomina "Anadara (Scapharca ?) shizuokaensis" et " Cercaria shizuokaensis".</ref>|| 794 025 || [[Fasciculus:Hamamatsu_view_-_panoramio.jpg|100px]] |- | 18 || [[Kumamoto]]<ref name="Kumamotoensis">Confer binomen "Phraortes kumamotoensis".</ref> || [[Kumamotoensis|Kumamotoënsis]]<ref name="Kumamotoensis">Confer binomen "Phraortes kumamotoensis".</ref> || 739 556 || [[Fasciculus:Kumamoto_Castle_05n3200.jpg|100px]] |- | 19 || [[Sagamihara]]<ref name="Sagamiharensis">Confer binomen "Friedmanniella sagamiharensis".</ref> || [[Kanagawaensis|Kanagawaënsis]]<ref name="Kanagawaensis">Confer binomen "Aspergillus kanagawaensis".</ref> || 723,012 || [[Fasciculus:Meweから見た橋本駅前_-_panoramio.jpg|100px]] |- | 20 || [[Shizuoka]]<ref name="Shizuokaensis">Confer binomina "Anadara (Scapharca ?) shizuokaensis" et " Cercaria shizuokaensis".</ref> || [[Shizuokaensis|Shizuokaënsis]]<ref name="Shizuokaensis">Confer binomina "Anadara (Scapharca ?) shizuokaensis" et " Cercaria shizuokaensis".</ref> || 695 416 || [[Fasciculus:2_Chome_Gofukuchō,_Aoi-ku,_Shizuoka-shi,_Shizuoka-ken_420-0031,_Japan_-_panoramio_(1).jpg|100px]] |} === Sermones === [[Fasciculus:Multilingual sign at Ainu Museum (Shiraoi).JPG|250px|thumb|Multilingue signum [[Iaponice]], [[Ainuane]], [[Anglice]], [[Coreane]] et [[Sinice]]. [[lingua Ainuana|Ainuanus textus]], [[katakana|katakanā]], secundus est sursum deorsum dextero signi latere. Legitur イヤイライケㇾ ''iyairaiker''.]] [[Lingua Iaponica|Iaponica lingua]] est pluribus quam 99 centesimis habitantium sermo nativus.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181226010157/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html%20 De Iaponia] {{ling|Anglice}} in ''The World Factbook''] apud ''[[CIA]]''</ref>. [[Lingua Iaponica]] [[Lingua agglutinativa|agglutinativa]] est, distincta a systemate [[Verbum honorificum|honorificorum]] hierarchicam Iaponicae societatis naturam reflectente, cum [[Verbum (temporale)|verbalibus]] formis et particulari vocabulario relativum locutoris aucultatorisque statum indicantibus. [[Scriptura Iaponica]] [[kanji|kansibus]] seu [[Character Sinicus|characteribus Sinicis]] et duabus collectionibus [[kana|kanorum]] ([[syllabarium|syllabariorum]] in scripturā inclinatā et in [[Kanji|kansium]] radicibus fundatorum), non minus quam [[Abecedarium Latinum|abecedario Latino]] et [[Numeri Arabici|numeris Arabicis]] utitur.<ref>Miyagawa, Shigeru. [http://web.mit.edu/jpnet/articles/JapaneseLanguage.html|"The Japanese Language"]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Anglice). Massachusettense Institutum Technologiae. Inspectum die 16 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> [[Character Sinicus|Litteris Sinicis]], quarum scripturam de [[Seres|Seribus]] didicissent, Iaponienses prisci scribere solebant, unde litteras proprias, nomine [[kana]], iam pridem finxerunt. Haec autem duo in genera dividuntur [[littera]]e, hoc [[hiragana]] appellatur, quibus propriae scribuntur particulae linguae Iaponicae, illud [[katakana]], quibus nostro tempore praesertim nomina ab alienis linguis accepta scribuntur.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miyagawa|first=Shigeru|title=The Japanese Language|url=http://web.mit.edu/jpnet/articles/JapaneseLanguage.html|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|accessdate=16 Ianuarii 2011}}.</ref> Praeter [[lingua Iaponica|linguam Iaponicam]], [[linguae Ryukyuenses]]<ref name="Ryukyuensis">Confer binomen "Bolbochromus ryukyuensis".</ref> ([[lingua Amamiensis|Amamiensis]]<ref name="Amamiensis">Confer binomina "Odorrana amamiensis", "Papilio amamiensis", "Kudoa amamiensis" aut "Nocardia amamiensis".</ref>, [[lingua Kunigamiensis|Kunigamiensis]]<ref name="kunigamiensis">Confer binomina "Athenus Kunigamiensis", "Oligoaeschna Kunigamiensis", "Sarasaeschna Kunigamiensis" aut "Camponotus Kunigamiensis".</ref>, [[lingua Okinawaensis|Okinawaënsis]]<ref name="okinawaensis">Confer binomina "Uroobovella okinawaensis", "Aphthona okinawaensis", "Burmoniscus okinawaensis" aut "Mytilidiphila okinawaensis".</ref>, [[lingua Miyakoensis|Miyakoënsis]]<ref name="miyakoensis">Confer binomina "Cirrophorus miyakoensis" aut "Todiramphus miyakoensis".</ref>, [[lingua Yaeyamaensis|Yaeyamaënsis]]<ref name="yaeyamaensis">Confer binomen "Euphyllia yaeyamaensis".</ref>, [[lingua Yonagumiensis|Yonagumiensis]]<ref name="yonagumiensis">Confer binomen "Elaphe carinata yonagumiensis".</ref>), etiam [[Linguae Iaponicae|familiae linguisticae Iaponicae]] pars, in usū sunt in [[Insulae Ryukyuenses|Insularum Ryukyuensium]]<ref name="Ryukyuensis">Confer binomen "Bolbochromus ryukyuensis".</ref> catenā. Pauci pueri has linguas discunt,<ref>Heinrich, Patrick (Ianuario anni 2004). "Language Planning and Language Ideology in the Ryūkyū Islands" (Anglice). ''Language Policy''. 3 (2): 153–179. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023%2FB%3ALPOL.0000036192.53709.fc doi:10.1023/B:LPOL.0000036192.53709.fc].</ref> sed recentibus annis locales gubernationes traditionalium linguarum conscientiam augere invenerunt. [[Dialectus Okinawaënsis|Dialectus Iaponica Okinawaënsis]] etiam in usū hāc in regione. [[Lingua Ainuana]], quae demonstratā relatione cum Iaponicā aut quāvis aliā linguā caret, [[lingua periclitata]] solum cum paucis vetulis autochthonibus locutoribus in [[Esonia|Esoniā]] viventibus.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080106062419/http://www.un.org/works/culture/japan_story.html "15 families keep ancient language alive in Japan"] (Anglice). [[Nationes Unitae]]. Archivatum ex originali diē 16 Ianuarii anni 2008. Inspectum diē 27 Martii anni 2007.</ref> Publicae privataeque scholae generatim studentes linguam Iaponicam non minus quam [[lingua Anglica|linguam Anglicam]] discere requirunt.<ref>Ellington, Lucianus (Lucien) (Kalendis Septembribus anni 2005). ["Japan Digest: Japanese Education"]. [[Universitas Indianensis]]. Archivatum ex originali diē 17 Aprilis anni 2006. Inspectum eodem diē.</ref><ref>Legatio Italiae Tokii: ''Lo studio della lingua e della cultura italiana in Giappone'' (Italice).</ref> ===Religio=== [[Fasciculus:Itsukushima Gate.jpg|thumb|left|[[Itsukushima Templum|Templum Shintoisticum Itsukushima]] (Iaponice 厳島神社) [[torii]] (Iaponice 鳥居) prope [[Hiroshima]]m, unus e [[Tres Conspectus Iaponiae|Tribus Conspectibus Iaponiae]] et [[Patrimonium totius mundi]].]] Iaponia plenam [[libertas religionis|libertatem religionis]] in [[Constitutio Iaponiae|suae Constitutionis]] articulo 20 fundatam habet. Maximae aestimationes inter 84 et 96% Iaponiensium [[Shintoismus|Shintoismum]] sicuti suam autochthonicam religionem colere suggerunt, quorum inter 50% et 80% syncretismi gradūs cum [[Buddhismus|Buddhismo]], quod [[Shinbutsu-shūgō]] appellatur, putant.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160123023617/http://www.japansociety.org/a_view_of_religion_in_japan "A View of Religion in Japan"] (Anglice). Archivatum ex originale die 23 Ianuarii anni 2016. Inspectum die 29 Ianuarii anni 2017.</ref><ref name="Reischauer">Reischauer, Aeduinus (Edwin) O.; Jansen, Marius B. (1988). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=BTPNlLIy2soC&redir_esc=y The Japanese today: change and continuity]'' (II ed.). Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-674-47184-9.</ref> Nihilominus, hae aestimationes in hominibus aliquo templo affiliatis magis quam in verorum credentium numero fundantur. Shintoisticorum templorum numerus in Iaponiā circa 100 000 esse aestimatur. Alia studia solum 30% incolarum se ad quamvis religionem pertinentes identificare suggesserunt.<ref>Kisala, Robertus (Robert) (2005). Wargo, Robertus (Robert) (ed.). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=LbwnrRmLqPoC&redir_esc=yThe Logic Of Nothingness: A Study of Nishida Kitarō]'' (Anglice). University of Hawaii Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-0-8248-2284-2.</ref> Secundum [[Aeduinus Reischauer|Aeduinum Reischauer]] et [[Marius Jansen|Marium Jansen]], circa 70 aut 80% Iaponensium cuiusdam religionis credentes non se considerant. Attamen, participationis gradus altus manet, praesertim per [[festum|festa]] et occasiones sicuti [[Hatsumōde|primam visitationem templi]] [[Annus Novus|Anno Novo]]. [[Taoismus]] et [[Confucianismus]] e [[Sinae|Sinis]] quoque in Iaponica credibilia moresque influxerunt.<ref>Totman, Conradus (Conrad) (2005). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y A History of Japan]'' (II ed.) (Anglice). Blackwell. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4.</ref> Iaponicae viae [[Tanabata|Tanabatā]], [[Obon]]e et [[Dies Christi Natalis|Die Christi Natalis]] ornantur.<ref name="Reischauer"/> [[Fasciculus:Phoenix Hall, Byodo-in, November 2016 -01.jpg|thumb|Templum Buddhisticum [[Byōdō-in]] (Iaponice 平等院), situm [[urbs Uiiensis|urbe Uiiensi]]<ref name="Ujiensis">Confer binomen "Setodes ujiensis".</ref>, in [[Kyotensis|praefecturā Kyotensi]].]] Shintoismus maxima religio in Iaponiā, culta fere a 80% incolarum, quorum verumtamen solum parva centesima ratio se "Shintoistas" in schedis interrogatoriis identificant. Quod debetur rei ut "Shintoismus" dissimiles significationes habeat in Iaponiā: plerique Iaponienses Shintoistica templa frequentant et [[Kami|kamos]] (Iaponice 神) obsecrant non pertinentes ad nullam Shintoisticam organizationes et, quia formales ritūs non sunt ut aliquis popularis Shintoismi assecla fiat, Shintoistica sodalitas crebro aestimatur computandis eis qui se organizatis Shintoisticis sectis iunxerunt. Shintoismo sunt 100 000 [[templum|templorum]] et 78 890 [[sacerdos|sacerdotum]] hac in natione.<ref name="Routledge">''Routledge Handbook of Japanese Culture and Society'' (2011) (Anglice) editus ab Victoriā (Victoria) Bestor, Theodoro (Theodore) C. Bestor et Akikone (Akiko) Yamagata, p. 65 ISBN 978-0-415-43649-6.</ref> [[Buddhismus]] primum in Iaponiam [[saeculum 6|saeculo VI]] advenit; introductus est anno 538 aut 552<ref name="Brown">Brown, 1993. (Anglice) p. 455.</ref> e Regno [[Paecce|Paecci]] ([[Coreane]] 백제/百濟) in [[Corea|Coreā]].<ref name="Brown">Brown, 1993. (Anglice) p. 455.</ref> [[Religio Christiana]] primum introducta est in Iaponiam [[Societas Iesu|Iesuitis]] a missio]nibus anno 1549 incipientibus.<ref>Higashibaba, 2002. p. 1.</ref> Hodie, inter minus quam 1%<ref>Mariko Kato (Die 24 Februarii anni 2009). [https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/02/24/reference/christianitys-long-history-in-the-margins/ "Christianity's long history in the margins"]. ''The Japan Times Online'' (Anglice). "The Christian community itself counts only those who have been baptized and are currently regular churchgoers – some 1 million people, or less than 1 percent of the population, according to Nobuhisa Yamakita, moderator of the United Church of Christ in Japan"</ref><ref>[https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/02/24/reference/christianitys-long-history-in-the-margins/#.XRfoio9S-00 "Christians use English to reach Japanese youth"]. Mission Network News (Anglice). Die 3 Septembris anni 2007. Archivatum ex originali die 11 Iunii anni 2010. "The population of Japan is less than one-percent Christian"</ref><ref>Heide Fehrenbach, Uta G. Poiger (2000). [https://books.google.es/books?id=RB2goIgxF68C&pg=PAPA62&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Transactions, transgressions, transformations: American culture in Western Europe and Japan''] (Anglice). Berghahn Books. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-57181-108-0. "followers of the Christian faith constitute only about a half percent of the Japanese population"</ref> in 2,3% [[Christianismus in Iaponia|Christiani]] sunt, quorum plerique occidentalem nationis partem incolunt, ubi missionariorum opera per [[saeculum 16|saeculum XVI]] maxima fuere. [[Nagasakiensis|Praefectura Nagasakiensis]] maximam Christianorum centesimam rationem habet: circa 5,1% anno 1996.<ref>[https://honkawa2.sakura.ne.jp/7770.html Religio in Iaponiā per praefecturam] (Iaponice). Statisticae anni 1996.</ref> Anno 2007, erant 32 036 Christianorum sacerdotum et pastorum in Iaponiā.<ref name="Routledge">''Routledge Handbook of Japanese Culture and Society'' (2011) (Anglice) editus ab Victoriā (Victoria) Bestor, Theodoro (Theodore) C. Bestor et Akikone (Akiko) Yamagata, p. 65 ISBN 978-0-415-43649-6.</ref> Ultimum per saeculum, aliqui [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Occidentales]] mores initio Christiani (sicuti Occidentalis generis nuptiae, Dies Sancti Valentini et [[Dies Christi Natalis]]) populares velut saeculares mores apud multos Iaponienses factae sunt.<ref>Kato, Mariko (die 24 Februarii anni 2009). "Christianity's long history in the margins" (Anglice). ''Japan Times''.</ref> [[Religio Islamica]] inter 80% et 90% peregre natorum migrantium et eorum filiorum constituere aestimatur, praesertim ex [[Indonesia|Indonesiā]], [[Pakistania|Pakistaniā]], [[Bangladesa|Bangladesā]] et [[Irania|Iraniā]].<ref>"Aemilius (Emile) A. Nakhleh, Keiko Sakurai et Michael Penn; [http://www.nbr.org/publications/asia_policy/Preview/AP5_IslamJapan_preview.pdf "Islam in Japan: A Cause for Concern?", ''Asia Policy 5''], Ianuario anni 2008" (Anglice) (PDF). Archivatum ex originali (PDF) die 10 Octobris anni 2017. Inspectum die 4 Novembris anni 2016.</ref> Plerique ethnice Iaponienses [[Musulmanus|Musulmani]] sunt qui se ad religionem Islamicam converterunt statim post connubium musulmano cum advenā. [[Pew Research Center]] 185 000 Musulmanorum in Iaponiā anno 2010 esse aestimavit.<ref>[https://www.pewforum.org/2011/01/27/table-muslim-population-by-country/ "Table: Muslim Population by Country"] (Anglice). Pew Research Center. Die 27 Ianuarii anni 2011. Inspectum die 19 Martii anni 2017.</ref> Minoritarias apud religiones sunt [[Hinduismus]], [[Sichismus]], [[Religio Iudaica]] et [[Bahaismus]]<ref>[https://www.bahaijp.org/ Rete Bahaisticum Iaponicum] (Iaponice).</ref>; praeterea e medio [[saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]] numerosi novi motūs religiosi seu [[shinshūkyō]]nes (Iaponice 新宗教) in Iaponiā orti sunt.<ref>Clarke, Petrus (Peter), ed. (1993). [''The World's religions : understanding the living faiths''] (Anglice). Reader's Digest. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-89577-501-6.</ref> ===Problemata=== Demographicae structurae mutationes socialium rerum numerum creaverunt, praesertim potentiale declive summae operariorum et augmentum sumptuum ob assecurationis socialis beneficia sicut pensiones publicas.<ref>Gundisalvus (Gonzalo) Garland et al. "Dynamics of Demographic Development and its impact on Personal Saving : case of Japan" (Anglice), cum Alberto (Abert) Ando, Andreā (Andrea) Moro, Ioanne Paulo (Juan Pablo) Córdoba, apud ''Ricerche Economiche'', Vol 49, Augusto anni 1995.</ref> Crescens iuniorum Iaponiensium numerus innuptus aut sine filiis est.<ref name="Ogawa">Ogawa, Naohiro. [https://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/japan/socsec/ogawa.html "Demographic Trends and their implications for Japan's future"] (Anglice). Transcriptio orationis Nonis Martiis anni 1997 habitae. Ministerium rerum externarum. Inspectum pridie Idus Maias anni 2006.</ref> Anno 2011, Iaponiae numerus incolarum deiectus est continente per quinquennium, cadentibus 204 000 hominum apud 126,24 milliones hominum. Quod fuit maximum declive saltim ex anno 1974, cum comparabiles rationes primum collatae sunt.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-01-02/japanese-population-drops-most-since-world-war-ii-after-quake "Japan Population Drops Most Since World War II"] (Anglice). Die 2 Ianuarii anni 2012.</ref> Quod declive peius factum est propter [[Terrae motus Tohoku|terrae motum]] et [[megacyma]] Martii anni 2011, quae circa 16 000 hominum necaverunt.<ref>Ryall, Iulianus (Julian) (die 3 Ianuarii anni 2012). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8989372/Japans-population-contracts-at-fastest-rate-since-at-least-1947.html "Japan's population contracts at fastest rate since at least 1947"] (Anglice). ''The Telegraph''. Inspectum die 29 Octobris anni 2013.</ref> Iaponiae numerus incolarum in 95 milliones anno 2050 deiectum iri exspectatur;<ref name="SHJ-C2">[http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c0117.html#c02 "Statistical Handbook of Japan 2013: Chapter 2 – Population"] (Anglice). Miisterium statisticae. Inspectum die 14 Februarii anni 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_Message.aspx "frm_Message"] (Anglice). Inspectum die 5 Octobris anni 2016.</ref> demographi et gubernii adumbratores in praesenti magnopere disputant quomodo se obiciant hoc contra problema.<ref name="Ogawa"/> [[Immigratio]] et incentiva pro partū aliquando suggeruntur sicuti solutio ut praebeantur iuniores operarii qui veterescentem nationis multitudinem sustineant.<ref>Sakanaka, Hidenori (die 5 Octobris anni 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929222250/http://jipi.gr.jp/english/message.html "Japan Immigration Policy Institute: Director's message"] (Anglice). Institutum programmatis immigratorii Iaponiae. Archivatum ex originali die 29 Septembris anni 2007. Inspectum Nonis Ianuariis anni 2007.</ref><ref>French, Hovardus (Howard) (die 24 Iulii 2003). [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/24/world/insular-japan-needs-but-resists-immigration.html "Insular Japan Needs, but Resists, Immigration"] (Anglice). ''The New York Times''. Inspectum die 21 Februarii anni 2007.</ref> Iaponia medium fluxum 9 500 novorum Iaponiensium civium civitatis donatione per annum accipit.<ref>[http://www.moj.go.jp/MINJI/toukei_t_minj03.html 帰化許可申請者数等の推移] (Iaponice). Ministerium iustitiae. Inspectum die 17 Martii 2011.</ref> Secundum [[Curator supremus Nationum Unitarum pro refugis|Curatorem supremum Nationum Unitarum pro refugis]], anno 2012, Iaponia profugos domo duodeviginti metacomisi<ref>Metacomisis-is; confer Neograecum vocabulum μετακόμιση.</ref> solum accepit;<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190624070608/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/03/20/national/2012-saw-record-high-2545-people-apply-for-refugee-status-in-japan/#.XRk2Go9S-00 "2012 saw record-high 2,545 people apply for refugee status in Japan"] (Anglice). ''Japan Times''. Die 20 Martii anni 2013.</ref> Civitates Foederatae, autem, acceperunt 76 000.<ref>[https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2011/09/30/presidential-memorandum-fiscal-year-2012-refugee-admissions-numbers-and- "Presidential Memorandum – Fiscal Year 2012 Refugee Admissions Numbers and Authorizations of In-Country Refugee Status"] (Anglice). Domus Alba. Pridie Kalendas Octobres anni 2011.</ref> Iaponia altum [[mors voluntaria|mortis voluntariae]] indicem patitur.<ref>Strom, Stephania (Stephanie) (Idibus Iuliis anni 1999). [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/07/15/world/in-japan-mired-in-recession-suicides-soar.html "In Japan, Mired in Recession, Suicides Soar"] (Anglice). ''The New York Times''. Inspectum die 20 Septembris anni 2008.</ref><ref>Lewis, Leo (die 19 Iunii anni 2008). [https://www.thetimes.co.uk/ "Japan gripped by suicide epidemic"]. ''The Times''. Inspectum die 20 Septembris anni 2008.</ref> Anno 2009, mortium voluntariarum numerus 30 000 per duodecimum continuum annum excessit.<ref>[https://japantoday.com/category/features/opinions/bare-statistics-mask-human-cost-of-japan%25e2%2580%2599s-high-suicide-rate "Bare statistics mask human cost of Japan's high suicide rate"] (Anglice). ''Japan Today''. Pridie Kalendas Aprilis anni 2010. Inspectum die 3 Februarii anni 2014.</ref> Mors voluntaria praecipua mortis causa hominibus minus quam annos 30 natis est.<ref>Ozawa-de Silva, Chikako (Decembri anni 2008). "Too Lonely to Die Alone: Internet Suicide Pacts and Existential Suffering in Japan" (Anglice). ''Cult Med Psychiatry''. 32 (4): 516–551. doi:10.1007/s11013-008-9108-0. PMID 18800195.</ref> ==Oeconomia== [[Fasciculus:Tosho Arrows.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Bursa Tokiensis|Bursae Tokiensis]] interiora.]] Secundum suum [[PDG]] nominalem 5'8 [[billio]]nes [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum Statunitensium]], erat anno [[2008]] Iaponia tertia maxima oeconomia in toto orbe terrarum et quarta relate ad [[paritas pecuniae virium|paritatem pecuniae virium]], cum 4,39 [[billio]]nibus [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum Statunitensium]],<ref name="FMI">[[Fundus monetarius internationalis]] (FMI), ed. (Aprile anni 2016). [https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2016/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=68&pr.y=2&sy=2014&ey=2021&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=158&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a== «World Economic Outlook Database»] (Anglice). Inspectum die 18 Aprilis anni 2016.</ref>, quod accidit praesertim propter adiumentum inter gubernium industriamque, profundam laboris ethicam, collocationem pecuniae in [[alta technologia|altā technologiā]], residuorum minutionem rerumque [[anacyclismus|anacyclismum]] et relative parvam dispensationem oeconomicam defensioni.<ref>FMI. (Aprile anni 2008). [https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2008&ey=2008&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=24&pr1.y=9&c=158&s=NGDPD&grp=0&a= World Economic Outlook Database. Report for Selected Countries and Subjects] (Anglice). Inspectum die 15 Septembris anni 2008.</ref><ref>[[Sedes centralis exploratoria]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604195034/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html The World Factbook: Country Comparison— GDP] (Anglice). Inspectum Idibus Augustis anni 2007.</ref> Apud praecipuas industriales activitates sunt [[Ars ingeniaria|ingeniaria]] [[autocinetum|autocinetica]], [[electronica]], [[computatio]], [[ars ferraria|ferraria]], [[metallurgia]], [[architectura navalis]], [[biologia]] et [[chemia]], praesertim proficienti cum technologiā his campis.<ref>[https://www.suapesquisa.com/paises/japao/economia_japao.htm «Economia do Japão»] ([[Lusice]]). Sua pesquisa. Inspectum pridie Nonas Augustas anni 2010.</ref> Apud merces ab Iaponiā exportatas vecturae instrumenta, motorizata vehicula, [[electronica|electroelectronica]] producta, industrialia machinamenta et chemica producta inter alia sunt.<ref name="Japan-Economy">[[Sedes centralis exploratoria]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181226010157/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html%20#Econ World Factbook; Japan—Economy] (Anglice). (Die 19 Decembris anni 2006). Inspectum die 28 Decembris anni 2006.</ref> Praecipuae nationes Iaponiae ementes [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinae]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]], [[Res publica Coreana|Corea Meridiana]], [[Taivania]] et [[Hongcongum]] anno 2005 erant.<ref name="Japan-Economy"/> Nihilominus, Iaponia paucas opes naturae quae incrementum oeconomicum sustentet possidet et, quamobrem, aliis a nationibus pendet in eo quod ad materiam rudem attinet. Nationes maximum Iaponiae vendentes [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinae]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]], [[Brasilia]], [[Arabia Saudita]], [[Emiratus Arabici Coniuncti]], [[Australia]], [[Res publica Coreana|Corea Meridiana]] et [[Indonesia]] sunt. Apud praecipua Iaponiae importaticia machinae instrumentaque, [[fomes fossilis|fomites fossiles]], cibaria (praesertim caro), chemicae materiae, textilia et materiae rudes suis industriis sunt. Praecipua Iaponiae natio socia commercialis Sinae sunt.<ref> BLUSTEIN, Paulus (Paul). [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40192-2005Jan26.html "China Passes U.S. In Trade With Japan. 2004 Figures Show Asian Giant's Muscle"] (Anglice). Archivatum die 8 Augusti anni 2007, apud Wayback Machine.. [[The Washington Post]] (die 27 Ianuarii anni 2005). Consultum die 28 Decembri anni 2006.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Yokohama Landmark Tower at night 2.jpg|thumb|left|Districtus [[Minato Mirai 21]] [[Yokohama]]e. Pleraque Iaponica oeconomia in [[Campus oeconomicus tertius|campo tertio]] fundatur.]] [[Fasciculus:Rice Paddies In Aizu, Japan.JPG|thumb|left|Oryzae satio in [[Aizu|Aizū]].]] Maxima argentaria in toto orbe terrarum in Iaponiā est,<ref name="Mitsubishi">Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Inc. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070808181556/http://www.mufg.jp/english/ir/fs/backnumber/2007mufg-mar-1q/pdffile/mufg2007_1q_e.pdf Consolidated financial information] (Anglice). Archivatum die 8 Augusti anni 2007 apud [[Wayback Machine]]. PDF (202, 64 KB) . (Pridie Kalendas Augustas anni 2006). Consultum die 29 Decembris anni 2006.</ref> societas [[Mitsubishi UFJ Financial|Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group]] (Iaponice 三菱UFJフィナンシャル・グループ),<ref>KASHIWAGI, Akiko e S. GOODMAN, Petrus (Peter). (Die 16 Iulii anni 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070808183943/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A54352-2004Jul16.html Japan Merger Creates World's Largest Bank] (Anglice). Archivatum die 8 Augusti anni 2007 apud [[Wayback Machine]]. Consultum die 10 Martii 2007.</ref> habens circiter 1,7 [[billio]]nes [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum]] aerario non minus quam maximum libellorum parsimoniae cursualis systema in toto orbe terrarum et maximum numerum titularium parsimoniae in toto orbe terrarum, Tabellarium ministerium Iaponiense, corporativas syngraphas summā 3,3 billionum dollariorum possidens. Quoque est hac in natione secundum maximum [[chrematisterium]] in toto orbe terrarum, [[Bursa Tokiensis]]<ref>[http://www.alcuinus.net/ephemeris/archi2010/nuntius1.php?id=868 Ephemeris] ubi dicitur "Adhuc palmam maximae transactionis IPO tenebat bursa Tokiensis".</ref> (Iaponice 東京証券取引所), cum anatocismo<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=0PXHgsvKqkkC&pg=PA183&lpg=PA183&dq=anatocismus+capitalizaci%C3%B3n+del+col&source=bl&ots=pjJPvEELVI&sig=ACfU3U2n48Tq3VnMvJR2M9oH-LM9n0j-XQ&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZjIKP0_HjAhV_BWMBHXLIBOIQ6AEwDHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=anatocismus%20capitalizaci%C3%B3n%20del%20col&f=false Diccionario Auxiliar Español-Latino ab Iosepho Ioanne del Col]</ref> bursario<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/DICCIONARIOAUXILIARESPANOLLATINOPARAELUSOMODERNODELLATINJOSEJUANDELCOL/DICCIONARIO+AUXILIAR+ESPANOL+LATINO+PARA+EL+USO+MODERNO+DEL+LATIN++JOSE+JUAN+DEL+COL_djvu.txte Diccionario Auxiliar Español-Latino ab Iosepho Ioanne del Col]</ref> amplius 549,7 billionum [[ienum|ienorum]] Decembri mense anni 2006.<ref>[[Bursa Novi Eboraci]]. (Pridie Kalendas Februarii anni 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071011121725/http://www.nyse.com/events/1170156816059.html Informationes de mercatū] (Anglice). Archivatum die 11 Octobris anni 2007, apud [[Wayback Machine]]. Inspectum die 11 Augusti anni 2007.</ref> Etiam locus est aliquarum maximarum societatum diakoniarum nummariarum, gregum societatum et argentariarum. Verbi gratiā, complura [[keiretsu]]a (Iaponice 系列) seu greges societatum et societates multinationales sicuti [[Sony]], [[Sumitomo]], [[Mitsubishi]] et [[Toyota]] argentarias, greges collocationis pecuniae et diakoniarum nummariarum habent.<ref name="Keiretsu">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110726005149/http://www.bugei.com.br/artigos/index.asp?show=artigo&id=17 «Keiretsu - Os gigantes do Japão»] (Lusice). Sociedade Brasileira de Bugei. Inspectum pridie Nonas Augustas anni 2010. Archivatum ex originali die 26 Iulii anni 2011.</ref> Praecipuae oeconomicae operationes in Iaponiā inter insulas [[Esonia]]m, [[Honsua]]m, [[Insula Shikokuensis|Sicocum]] et [[Ximum]] transeunt. Quia 15% Iaponiensium agrorum idoneae culturae sunt,<ref>ROY, Kingshuk. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070808181556/http://www.nourin.tsukuba.ac.jp/~tasae/Japan.pdf Water Resources in relation to Major Agro-Environmental Issues in Japan] (Anglice). Archivatum die 8 Augusti anni 2007, apud [[Wayback Machine]]. PDF (111,95 KB). Collegium scientiae bio-opium, Universitas Nihon (2006). Inspectum die 21 Februarii anni 2007.</ref> gradatorum agrorum<ref>Vide lemma "''socalco''" apud "''Dicionario galego-latino clásico e moderno''" auctoris Iosephi (vulgo ''Xosé'') López Díaz.</ref> systema est in usū parvulis areis. Quod summos gradūs fertilitatis pro unitate in toto orbe terrarum infert. Parvus Iaponiae agrarius campus, attamen, valde iuvatur protegiturque. Iaponiae opus est circa 50% granorum consumptorum, exceptā oryzā, importare et pendet ex importationibus suae carnis oblationi.<ref>Strategis. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070817043751/http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/site/ibi-iai.nsf/en/bi18701e.html Japan: Country Information] (Anglice). Archivatum die 17 Augusti anni 2007, apud [[Wayback Machine]]. Inspectum Kalendis Aprilibus anni 2007.</ref> Iaponia est secunda natio piscatuum effectoria in toto orbe terrarum secundum [[tonna]]m post [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinas]] et habet unam e maximis navium piscatoriarum turmis in toto orbe terrarum quae respondet ad 15% piscatūs mundani.<ref>[[Sedes centralis exploratoria]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604195034/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html The World Factbook: Country Comparison— GDP] (Anglice). Inspectum Idibus Augustis anni 2007.</ref> Natio peregrinis e nationibus 80% pendet suae suppeditationi petrolei et ciborum sicuti carnis [[Caro bubula|bubulae]].<ref>Ministerium Defensionis Iaponiae. [http://www.mod.go.jp/e/defense_policy/example/maritime/index.htm Maritimarum operum exemplum]. Archivatum die 14 Ianuarii anni 2007, apud Wayback Machine. Inspectum die 26 Martii anni 2007.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Toyota_FCV-R_Concept_WAS_2012_0630.JPG|thumb|Archetypum autocineticum FCV-R [[hydrogenium|hydrogenio]] motum. Societas [[Toyota]] secunda maxima societas [[Autocinetum|autocinetorum]] fabricatoria in toto orbe terrarum est.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130117090059/http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/cars-2011-november-2012.pdf «World Motor Vehicle Production by country and type 2010-2011: passenger cars»] (PDF) (Anglice). Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles. Inspectum die 6 Februarii anni 2013. Exemplar archivatum (PDF) die 17 Ianuarii anni 2013</ref>]] Iaponia natio princeps est in scientificae, [[technologia|technologicae]], [[machina]]lis et [[medicina|medicae]] investigationis campis. Aliquae apud praecipuas technologicas Iaponiae contributiones inveniuntur in electronicae, machinamentorum, roboticae industrialis, opticae, chemiae, [[semiconductrum|semiconductrorum]] et [[metallurgia]]e campis. Iaponia prima natio in toto orbe mundano in industrialium robotorum campo, quia amplius dimidium robotorum in mundo exsistentium sunt in usū in eius industrias.<ref> Commissio Economica Nationum Unitarum pro Europā (declaratio preli die 17 Octubris anni 2000). The Boom in Robot Investment Continues – 900,000 Industrial Robots by 2003 (Anglice). [http://www.unece.org/press/pr2000/00stat10e.htm Archivatum] die 27 Aprilis anni 2011, apud [[Wayback Machine]]. Inspectum die 28 Decembris anni 2006.</ref> Iaponicae magnae societates duobus praecipuis modis organizantur: * [[Keiretsu]]a (Iaponice 系列) (seu retia verticalia) societatum e magnae specializatae societatis munere viventium iunctura sunt. Parvae societates centrali societati merces diakoniasque praebent.<ref>[https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/keiretsus «keiretsus»] (Anglice). Merriam-Webster. Inspectum pridie Nonas Augustas anni 2010. [http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/keiretsus Exemplar archivatum] die 9 Aprilis anni 2010.</ref> Maxima keiretsua circum societates [[Toyota]], [[Toshiba]], [[Nissan]], [[Hitachi]] et [[Panasonic]] gyrant.<ref name="Keiretsu"/> * Retia horizontalia seu [[kigyōshūdan]]a (Iaponice 企業集団) in conexū inter magnas societates fundantur. Quae [[zaibatsu]]um (Iaponice 財閥) heredes putantur. In praesenti praecipua retia horinzontalia [[Mitsui]], [[Mitsubishi]] et [[Sumitomo Gurūpu]] sunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110624033416/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-16886985.html «Article: Kigyo Shudan: the formation and functions of enterprise groups.(Special Issue on The Origins of Japanese Industrial Power: Strategy, Institutions and the Development of Organisational Capability)»] (Anglice). High beam. Inspectum pridie Nonas Augustas anni 2010. Archivatum ex originali ide 24 Iunii anni 2011.</ref> ===Periegesis=== [[Imago:Chuurei-tou Fujiyoshida 17025277650 c59733d6ba o.jpg|thumb|Templum ''Chūrei-tō'' et [[Mons Fusius]] iuxta cum [[cerasus|cerasis]] in viridario Arakurayama Sengen, [[Fuiiyoshida]]e, in [[Caium|Caio]]<ref name="Caium">[https://web.archive.org/web/20191015073239/https://www2.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0578a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann], Caium erat antiquum nomen huius regionis secundum [[:en:Kai Province|Vicipaediam Anglicam]].</ref>.]] Anno 2008, Iaponia 8,3 milliones advenarum salutatorum attraxit, paulo magis quam [[Singapura]] et [[Hibernia (res publica)|Hibernia]].<ref name="UNTWO">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080819191518/http://www.tourismroi.com/Content_Attachments/27670/File_633513750035785076.pdf# «UNTWO World Tourism Barometer, Vol.5 No.2»] (PDF) (Anglice). [[Organizatio Mundana Turismi]]. Iunio anni 2008. Inspectum Idibus Octobribus anni 2008. Archivatum ex originali (PDF) die 19 Augusti anni 2008.</ref> Iaponiae sunt quattuordecim [[Patrimonium totius mundi|patrimonia totius mundi]] ex [[UNESCO]], apud quae sunt [[Castellum Himeiiense]] (Iaponice 姫路城) et Monumenta historica Antiqui [[Kyotum|Kyoti]] (praesentibus urbibus Kyoto, [[urbs Uiiensis|Uiiensi]]<ref name="Uji">Confer binomen "Setodes ujiensis".</ref> et [[Ōtsu]]ensi<ref name="Otsu">Confer binomen "Triphora otsuensis".</ref>). [[Kyotum]] amplius 30 milliones periegetarum quotannis accipit.<ref name="Scott"> Scott, David (1996). Exploring Japan (Anglice). [S.l.]: Fodor's Travel Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-679-03011-5.</ref> Extensum ferriviarium rete, iuxta cum domesticis volatibus, efficientia rapidaque itinera permittunt. Advenae urbes [[Tokium]] et [[Nara]]m, [[Mons Fusius|Montem Fusium]], visentes, [[shinkansen]] (Iaponice 新幹線) utuntur et e nationalibus deversoriorum retibus fructum capiunt.<ref name="Scott"> Scott, David (1996). Exploring Japan (Anglice). [S.l.]: Fodor's Travel Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-679-03011-5.</ref> Domestica periegesis praecipua Iaponicae oeconomiae societatisque pars esse pergit. Scholari aetate pueri in multis scholis secondariis [[Terra Disney Tokium|Terram Disney Tokium]] (Iaponice 東京ディズニーランド) aut [[Turris Tokiensis|Turrim Tokiensem]] (Iaponice 東京タワー) visunt. In periegesi receptivā, Iaponia collocata est 28º loco in mundo anno 2007.<ref name="UNTWO"/> ==Infrastructura== ===Energia=== [[Fasciculus:Electricity pylons in Japan DSCN3847 (4021584357).jpg|thumb|left|Māli electriductūs in Iaponiā.]] Anno [[2008]], 46,4% [[energia]]e in Iaponiā e [[petroleum|petroleo]], 21,4% e [[carbo]]ne, 16,7% e [[Gasium naturale|gasio naturali]], 9,7% e [[Energia nuclearis|nucleari]] et 2,9% ex [[Energia hydroelectrica|vi hydroelectricā]] generatae erant. Anno [[2009]], generata energia nuclearis 25,1% e totā energiā electricā in Iaponiā repraesentabat.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130105083316/http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/handbook/c07cont.htm Energy], Statistics Bureau (Anglice). URL inspectum die 28 Decembris anni 2012 (archivatum ex originali url Nonis Ianuariis anni 2013).</ref> Nihilominus, e die [[5 Maii]] anni [[2012]], omnia [[Ergasterium atomicum|ergasteria atomica]] hac in natione cessaverunt propter continuam existimationis popularis oppositionem post calamitatem nuclearem Fukushimae<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/NewsInLatinByReijoPitkaerantaAndTuomoPekkanen2005To2012/LatinitasModernaNuntiiLatiniLatinNews_djvu.txt Nuntii Latini a Reijo Pitkäranta et Tuomo Pekkaken e 2005 usque ad 2012.]</ref><ref>Osamu Tsukimori, [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nuclear-japan/japan-nuclear-power-free-as-last-reactor-shuts-idUSBRE84405820120505 ''Japan nuclear power-free as last reactor shuts''] (Anglice), apud Reuters, die 5 Maii anni 2012. URL inspectum die 28 Decembris anni 2012.</ref>, quamquam refecta sunt [[reactorium nucleare|reactoria]] secura putata ut societatum fabricatoriarum necessitates explerentur cum programmate eorum definitive claudendorum anno [[2030]]. Ob magnam energiae importatae obnoxietatem,<ref>Brendan Barrett, [https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/can-nuclear-power-save-japan-from-peak-oil ''Can nuclear power save Japan from peak oil?''] (Anglice), apud ''OurWorld 2.0'', die 2 Februarii anni 2011. URL inspectum die 28 Decembris anni 2012.</ref> Iaponia ad variandos fontes et ad manendos altos energeticae efficientiae gradūs praesertim collineat.<ref>Ilaria Maria Sala, [''Il Giappone dà l'addio alle centrali nucleari "Chiuse entro 30 anni"''] (Italice), apud [[La Stampa]], die 15 Septembris anni 2012. URL inspectum die 28 Decembris anni 2012.</ref> ===Vectura=== [[Fasciculus:The_night_view_of_Tokyo_Narita_Airport_Terminal_1.JPG|thumb|300px|Statio autocinetorum stationis aëroportuariae I [[Aëroportus Internationalis Naritaënsis|Aëroportūs Internationalis Naritaënsis]], qui urbi Tokio ministrat.]] Iaponia efficiente [[autovia]]rio et [[ferrivia]]rio reti nationem e septemtrione ad meridiem conectente perfoditur. Anno 2004, erant 1 177 278 chiliometrorum bituminatarum autoviarum, 173 chiliometrorum aëroportuum et 23 577 chiliometrorum ferriviarum.<ref name="Japan-Economy"/> Aëria vectura magnopere a societatibus [[All Nippon Airways]] seu ANA (Iaponice 全日空 seu 全日本空輸) et [[Japan Airlines]] seu JAL (Iaponice 日本航空株式会社) geritur. Iam ferriviae a societate [[Japan Railways Group]] (Iaponice JRグループ) inter alias geruntur. Frequentatissimi aëroportūs in celebribus nationis regionibus, [[Regio Quantoa|Quantoā]]<ref name="Quantoa"/> et [[Regio Kansaiensis|Regione Kansaiensi]]<ref name="Kansaiensis">Confer binomen "Podabrus kansaiensis".</ref>, sunt. [[Aëroportus Internationalis Naritaënsis]]<ref name="Naritaensis">Confer binomen "Schoenoplectiella ×naritaensis".</ref> (Iaponice 成田国際空港), verbi gratiā, fequentatissimus nationis et octavus in toto orbe terrarum est. Sunt plurimi internationales volatūs ex aliquot urbibus et regionibus Iaponiae et hunc in nationem. Iam portuaria vectura, quamquam fundamentalis insulari nationi est, decrescit ex apice [[anni 1980|annorum 1980]].<ref>Web Japan. [https://web-japan.org/factsheet/en/pdf/e38_transportation.pdf Transportation: Speed and efficiency through technological advancement] (Anglice). Archivatum die 15 Iunii anni 2010 apud [[Wayback Machine]]. PDF (799,07 KB). Inspectum Idus Augustas anni 2007.</ref> ===Educatio=== [[Fasciculus:Yasuda Auditorium, Tokyo University - Nov 2005.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Unum ex aedificiis [[Universitas Tokiensis|Universitatis Tokiensis]], unius notissimas apud universitates in Iaponiā.]] Primum, [[Lyceum (schola)|lycea]] et [[universitas|universitates]] anno [[1872]] in Iaponiam introducta sunt, post [[Restauratio Meiji|Restaurationem Meiji]].<ref>Lucianus (Lucien) Ellington, [http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fpri.org%2Ffootnotes%2F087.200312.ellington.japaneseeducation.html «Beyond the Rhetoric: Essential Questions About Japanese Education»] (Anglice), Foreign Policy Research Institute, Kalendis Decembribrus anni 2003 (inspectum Kalendis Aprilibus anni 2007).</ref> Ex anno [[1947]], educatio obligatoria in Iaponiā e ludo litterario et scholā secundariā consistit, qui annos novem (e sex annos natos usque ad quindecim annos natos) durant. === Scientia et artes utiles === Iaponienses nostro tempore et eruditione naturali et [[technologia|artibus utilibus]], praesertim [[mechanica utilis|mechanicā utili]], [[adsectationes medicinales|adsectationibus medicinalibus]], [[autoraeda]]rum fabricatione, [[Ars ingeniaria terrae motus|arte ingeniariā terrae motus]], [[optica|opticā]], [[chemia|chemiā]], [[semiconductrum|semiconductris]], [[metallum|metallorum]] scientiā periti, praeterea [[robotica|roboticas artes]] experientissimi omnibus ceteris gentibus praestant.<ref>[http://www.unece.org/press/pr2000/00stat10e.html ''The Boom in Robot Investment Continues – 900,000 Industrial Robots by 2003 VN/ECE issues its 2000 World Robotics survey''] {{ling|Anglice}} apud ''[[VNECE]]''. Creatum die 17 Octobris 2000.</ref> Trecenies autem ac miliens miliens<!-- (sc. centena milia) --> (vel 130 billiones) [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum Statunitensium]], vel tertio maximum per orbem terrarum, quotannis ad adsectationes scientiae impendit, ut praemium acceperint semel et viciens [[praemium Nobelianum|Nobelianum]] ob meritum de physicā, chemiā, medicinā,<ref>{{cite web |title=Japanese Nobel Laureates |publisher=[[Kyoto University]] |year=2009 |url=http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/profile/intro/honor/nobel.htm/ |accessdate=November 7, 2009}}</ref> ter autem [[praemium Fieldianum|Fieldianum]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Japanese Fields Medalists |publisher=Kyoto University |year=2009 |url=http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/profile/intro/honor/fields.htm|accessdate=November 7, 2009}}.</ref> semel [[praemium Gaussianum|Gaussianum]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dr. Kiyoshi Ito receives Gauss Prize |publisher=Kyoto University |year=2009 |url=http://www.kyoto-u.ac.jp/en/profile/intro/honor/gauss.htm|accessdate=November 7, 2009}}.</ref> ==== Adsectationes caeli ==== [[Fasciculus:Kibo PM and ELM-PS.jpg|thumb|[[Kibo (laboratorium Stationis Spatialis Internationalis|Kibō]], [[laboratorium]] scientificum in [[Statio Spatialis Internationalis|Statione Spatiali Internationali]].]] Societas nationalis ad caelum vel [[spatium (astronomia)|spatium caeleste]] adsequendum, nomine [[Administratio Iaponica Explorationis Aërosideralis]] (Iaponice 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構 vel Anglicis [[sigla|siglis]] ''JAXA''), artibus et ad [[rocheta]]s propellendas et ad [[satelles artificiales]] fabricandos operam dare solet. Quae anno [[2008]], cum [[statio spatialis internationalis]] a diversis gentibus construitur, [[laboratorium]] scientificum, nomine ''[[Kibo (laboratorium Stationis Spatialis Internationalis|Kibō]]'' (id quod sibi 'spem' velit), ut ad stationem adiungeretur praebuit. Inita autem sunt consilia primum [[speculatrum spatiale|speculatri]] ''[[Akatsuki (speculatrum spatiale)|Akatsuki]]'' appellati ad [[Venus (planeta)|Venerem caelestem]] immittendi,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120513140027/http://www.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/planet_c/index_e.html ''Venus Climate Orbiter "AKATSVKI" (PLANET-C)''] {{ling|Anglice}} apud [[Administratio Iaponica Explorationis Aërosideralis|Administrationem Iaponicam Explorationis Aërosideralis]]. Creatio indicta.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110513024411/http://www.isas.jaxa.jp/e/enterp/missions/planet-c/index.shtml ''Venus Meteorology AKATSVKI (PLANET-C)''] {{ling|Anglice}} in ''[[Institute of Space and Astronautical Science]]''.</ref> deinde parandi [[BepiColombo|Orbitatri Magnetospherici Mercuriali]] (Iaponice 水星磁気圏探査衛星) ut emitteretur ad annum [[2016]],<ref>[http://spaceflightnow.com/news/n1203/05bepicolombo/ ''ESA says BepiColombo will stay on budget despite delay''] {{ling|Anglice}} in ''[[Spaceflight Now]]''. A [[Stephanus Clark|Stephano Clark]] die [[5 Martii]] [[2012]] creatum.</ref> postremo [[colonia]]e in [[luna]]ribus terris ad annum [[2030]] ponendae et muniendae.<ref>[http://www.moondaily.com/reports/Japan_Plans_Moon_Base_By_2030_999.html ''Japan Plans Moon Base By 2030''] {{ling|Anglice}} in ''[[Moon Daily]]''. Creatum die 3 Augusti 2006.</ref> ==== Machinae electronicae ==== [[Machina electronica|Machinae electronicae]] excusae a [[faber|fabris]] Iaponiensibus, quod maximi aestimantur per totam orbem terrarum, undique gentium praeclarae sunt. Societates negotiosae ad machinas electronicas vendendas adnotandae sunt [[Fujitsu]], [[Sony]], [[Panasonic]], [[Canon]], [[Hitachi]], [[Sharp]], [[Nintendo]]. ===Valetudo=== [[Fasciculus:Nagoya City West Medical Center.jpg|thumb|Valetudinarium [[Nagoya]]e.]] In Iaponiā, medicae curae diaconiae a nationalibus localibusque guberniis praebentur. Medicarum diaconiarum solutio oblata est per assecurationem [[valetudinarium|valetudinariam]] quae cautione relativam accessūs aequalitatem defendit cum sumptibus gubernativo a consilio statutis. Homines sine assecuratione nationale assecurationis valetudinariae programma localibus a guberniis gestum participare possunt. Ex anno [[1973]], omnium veterum hominum sumptūs assecuratione a gubernio solutā aditi sunt.<ref>Victor Rodwin, [http://www.nyu.edu/projects/rodwin/lessons.html «Health Care in Japan» (AnglicE), Universitas Neo-Eboracensis (inspectum die 10 Martii anni 2007).</ref> Aegroti [[medicus|medicos]] et valetudinaria eligere possunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180907184624/http://www.ipss.go.jp/s-info/e/Jasos/Health.html «Health Insurance: General Characteristics»] (Anglice). National Institute of Population and Social Security Research (inspectum die 28 Martii anni 2007).</ref> ==Cultura== Iaponica cultura magnopere suis e originibus evolvit. Coaetanea cultura [[Asia]]nam affectionem [[Europa]]eae et [[America Septentrionalis|Boreoamericanae]] coniungit.<ref name="Haffner"> Haffner, Ioannes (John); Klett, Thomas (Tomas); Lehmann, Ioannes-Petrus (Jean-Pierre) (2009). ''Japan's Open Future: An Agenda for Global Citizenship'' (Anglice). Anthem Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-84331-311-3.</ref> Apud traditionales artes Iaponicas sunt [[opera manualia]] sicuti [[figlina]]e, [[kimono|textilia]], [[lacca]]e, [[gladius|gladii]] ac [[pupa]]e; [[perfunctio]]nes sicuti [[bunraku]] (Iaponice 文楽), [[kabuki]] (Iaponice 歌舞伎), [[noh]] (Iaponice 能), [[saltatio]] ac [[rakugo]] (Iaponice 落語); et alii usūs sicuti [[caerimonia theae Iaponica]] (Iaponice 茶道), [[ikebana]] (Iaponice 生け花 seu 活け花), [[artes martiales]], [[calligraphia]], [[origami]] (Iaponice 折り紙), [[onsen]] (Iaponice 温泉), [[geisha]]e (Iaponice 芸者) et [[ludus|ludi]]. Iaponia evolutum systema habet ut protegantur et promoveantur tam tangibiles quam intangibiles [[Possessiones culturales (Iaponia)|Possessiones culturales]] (Iaponice 文化財) et [[Acervus nationalis (Iaponia)|Acervus nationalis]] (Iaponice 国宝).<ref>[https://www.bunka.go.jp/english/index.html "Administration of Cultural Affairs in Japan"] (Anglice et Iaponice). Administratio rerum culturalium. Inspectum die 11 Maii anni 2011.</ref> Loca duo et viginti in [[Patrimonium totius mundi|Patrimonii totius mundi]] catalogo inscripta sunt, quorum octo culturalis ponderis sunt.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/jp "Japan – Properties Inscribed on the World Heritage List"] (Anglice et Francice). [[UNESCO]]. Inspectum die 5 Iulii anni 2011.</ref> ===Architectura=== [[Fasciculus:Kinkaku3402CBcropped.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Templum [[Kinkaku-ji]], [[Kyotum|Kyoti]], initio anno 1397 per [[Muromachi]]cam periodum (Iaponice 室町時代) aedificatum.]] [[Architectura]] Iaponica inter locales aliosque influxūs compositio est. Specificata est traditionaliter ligneis a structuris, exigue elevatis e solo, cum [[tegula]]tis et [[stramen|stramineais]] tectis. [[Ise Magnum Templum|Templa Isensia]] architecturae Iaponicae archetypum habita est.<ref> Tange, Kenzo; Kawazoe, Noboru (1965). ''Ise: Prototype of Japanese Architecture'' (Anglice). Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.</ref> Pleraque lignea, [[minka|traditionales domūs]] et multa [[templum|fanatica]] [[aedificium|aedificia]] [[tatami]]carum [[teges|tegetum]] et [[Shōji|convolutabilium ianuarum]] usum vident quae inter conclavia et inter umbratile exterioreque spatium discrimen rescindunt.<ref>Kazuo, Nishi; Kazuo, Hozumi (1995). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=oZl_yEJGtUYC&redir_esc=y What is Japanese Architecture?: A Survey of Traditional Japanese Architecture with a List of Sites and a Map]'' (Anglice). Kodansha. ISBN 978-4-7700-1992-9.</ref> E [[saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]], nihilominus, Iaponia [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Occidentalis]], [[Architectura moderna|modernae]], [[architectura postmoderna|postmodernae]] architecturae plurima in constructionem designationemque incorporavit. Architecti post studium Occidetalibus cum architectis redientes modernismi [[Genus Internationale]] in Iaponiam introduxerunt. Attamen, non fuit usque ad compositum [[Secundum bellum mundanum]] cum Iaponienses architecti fecerunt maxime internationalem scaenam commoverunt, praecipue cum operibus architectorum sicuti [[Kenzō Tange]] et cum eius motibus velut [[metabolismus (architectura)|Metabolismo]]. ===Artes subtiles=== {{imago multiplex | total_width = 320 | caption1 = Xylographica [[saeculum 19|Saeculi XIX]] impressio [[ukiyo-e]] ''[[Magna unda Kanagawaënsis]]'' (Iaponice 神奈川沖浪裏) | caption2 = [[Hortus Ritsurin]] (Iaponice 栗林公園), unus apud clarissimos ambulationis hortos in Iaponiā | direction = horizontal | image1 = The Great Wave off Kanagawa.jpg | image2 = 150504_Ritsurin_Park_Takamatsu_Kagawa_pref_Japan01s3.jpg }} [[Sculptura]] Iaponica, praesertim lignea, et [[pictura]] Iaponica antiquissimas apud Iaponicas artes sunt, cum primae figurativae picturae saltem a 300 a.C.n. incepissent. Picturae Iaponicae historia synthesin et aemulationem inter indigenas Iaponicas [[aesthetica]]s et importatarum idearum adaptationem ostendit.<ref name="Arrowsmith">Arrowsmith, Rupertus Ricardus (Rupert Richard) (2010).''[https://books.google.es/books?id=MIBNXScRj3QC&redir_esc=y Modernism and the Museum: Asian, African, and Pacific Art and the London Avant-Garde]''. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-959369-9.</ref> Interactio inter Iaponicam et [[Europa]]eam artem significativa fuit: exempli gratiā, [[impressio|imagines]] [[ukiyo-e]], quae in [[saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]] in motū [[Iaponismus|Iaponismo]] nuncupato exportari coeperunt, significativam vim habuerent ad evolvendam [[modernismus|modernisticam]] artem in [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Occidente]], praesertim in [[Postimpressionismus|postimpressionismo]].<ref name="Arrowsmith"/> Iaponicus [[manga]] in [[saeculum 20|saeculo XX]] evolvit et popularis in toto orbe terrarum factus est. ===Cinematographia=== [[Fasciculus:Akirakurosawa-onthesetof7samurai-1953-page88.jpg|thumb|100px|left|[[Akira Kurosawa]].]] [[Cinematographia]] Iaponica (Iaponice 日本映画) historiam multis sensibus analogam habet ad eam aliarum mundanarum cinematographiarum, aliquā cum propriā peculiaritate. Industria cinematographica Iaponica, valde conformata casū productionum maiorum, sicuti in [[Ruscisilva|Ruscisilvā]], primam auream aetatem in [[anni 1920|annis 20]] et [[anni 1930|30]] habuit, cum extraordinariarum divitiarum productione quae vero nationales limites non excessit<ref>Breve storia del cinema giapponese (Italice), p. 14-15.</ref> et suum proprium fastigium in [[anni 1950|annis 50]] attigit, cum productio maximam magnitudinem attigit, cum [[pellicula|pelliculis]] quingentis amplius<ref>Breve storia del cinema giapponese (Italice), p. 64.</ref> et extraordinariae artificiosae qualitatis opera aliquibus a [[Dispositor cinematographicus|dispositoribus]], sicuti [[Akira Kurosawa]] et [[Kenji Mizoguchi]], Occidentem, ope [[Festum cinematographicum|festorum]], cinematographiae Iaponicae exsistentiam invenire fecit, e pelliculā ''[[Rashōmon]]'' (羅生門), anni [[1950]] et [[Leo aureus|leonem aureum]] in [[Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica|Exhibitione internationali artis cinematographicae]] et [[Praemia Academiae|praemium Academiae]] optimae peregrinae pelliculae vincente. Exeuntibus [[anni 1950|annis 50]] et ineuntibus [[anni 1960|annis 60]], adhuc cinematographia Iaponica internationale [[Nouvelle Vague|Novarum Undarum]] phaenomenon curavit et emerserunt novi internationalis excellentiae dispositores sicuti [[Nagisa Ōshima]] et [[Shōhei Imamura]]. Per [[anni 1960|annos 60]], cinematographicum productivum systema, attamen, repente passum est insuperabili [[televisio]]nis aemulatione et declinationis iter inivit, progressivā cum deminutione in productarum pellicularum, [[cinemateum|cinemateorum]] et spectatorum numero.<ref>Breve storia del cinema giapponese (Italice), p. 113-115.</ref> ===Litterae et philosophia=== {{Vide-etiam|Litterae Iaponiae}} [[Fasciculus:Genji emaki 01003 001.jpg|thumb|[[Saeculum 12|Saeculi XII]] figuris distinctus rotulus de ''[[Genji monogatari|Gestis Genji]]'', Thesaurus nationalis Iaponiae.]] Apud primaeva [[Litterae Iaponiae|Iaponicarum litterarum]] opera, Annales [[Kojiki]]cae (Iaponice 古事記) ac [[Nihon Shoki|Annales Iaponicae]] (Iaponice 日本書紀) et [[anthologia]] [[waka]]e [[Man'yōshū]] (Iaponice 万葉集) sunt, omnes e saeculo VIII et [[Character Sinicus|characteribus Sinicis]] scripti.<ref>Keene, donaldus (Donald) (2000). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=_DEwTJq3TbcC&redir_esc=y Seeds in the Heart: Japanese Literature from Earliest Times to the Late Sixteenth Century]'' (Anglice). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11441-7.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130116015033/http://www.meijigakuin.ac.jp/~ascj/2000/200015.htm "Asian Studies Conference, Japan (2000)"] (Anglice). Meiji Gakuin University. Inspectum Kalendis Aprilibus anni 2007.</ref> Ineunte [[Aevum Heian|periodo Heianensi]], [[phonogramma]]tum systema, [[kana]] ([[hiragana]] et [[katakana]]) nuncupatum, evolutum est. ''[[Taketori Monogatari|Fabula lignatoris bambusae]]'' (Iaponice 竹取物語) antiquissima Iaponica narratio putatur.<ref name="Windows">[https://web.archive.org/web/20051203034125/http://www.isp.msu.edu/asianstudies/wbwoa/eastasia/Japan/literature.html "Windows on Asia – Literature : Antiquity to Middle Ages: Recent Past"] (Anglice). Universitas Civitatis Michiganiae. Archivatum ex originali die 3 Decembris anni 2005. Inspectum die 28 Decembris anni 2007.</ref> Relatio vitae intra regiam domum in opere ''[[Makura no soshi|Liber pulvinaris]]'' (Iaponice 枕草子) a [[Sei Shonagon|Sei Shōnagon]] datur; alterā ex parte, ''[[Genji monogatari|Gesta Genji]]'' (Iaponice 源氏物語) a [[Murasaki Shikibu]] saepe prima [[mythistoria]] in toto orbe terrarum depinguntur.<ref>Totman, Conradus (Conrad) (2005). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=Z_a_QgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y A History of Japan]'' (II ed., Anglice). Blackwell. pp. 126–127. ISBN 978-1-4051-2359-4.</ref><ref>Royall, Tyler, ed. (2003). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=AIUvc9FnZ5AC&redir_esc=y The Tale of Genji]'' (Anglice). Penguin Classics. pp. i–ii, xii. ISBN 978-0-14-243714-8.</ref> Per [[Periodus Edoensis|Periodum Edoënsem]], [[chōnin]] seu [[oppidum|oppidanus]] ordo socialis [[samuraeus|samuraeam]] aristocratiam excessit in creandis consumendisque litteris. Aura popularis operum [[Ihara Saikaku|Iharae Saikaku]], verbi gratiā, hanc mutationem lectorum et auctorum revelat; dum [[Basho|Bashō]] poëticam traditionem ''[[Kokin Wakashū]]'' (Iaponice 古今和歌集) cum suis [[haikai]]bus (Iaponice 俳諧) [[haicu|haicibus]] revixit et poëticum diurnum commentarium periegeticum ''[[Oku no Hosomichi]]'' (Iaponice 奥の細道) scripsit.<ref>Keene, Donaldus (Donald) (1999). ''[ https://books.google.es/books?id=gwQTF-9axqoC&redir_esc=yWorld Within Walls: Japanese Literature of the Pre-Modern Era, 1600–1867]'' (Anglice). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11467-7.</ref> [[Restauratio Meiji|Aera Meiji]] traditionalium litterariarum formarum declive vidit, quia Iaponicae litterae Occidentales influxūs integraverunt. [[Natsume Sōseki]] et [[Mori Ōgai]] primi "moderni" [[mythistoria|mythistoriographi]] fuerunt, quos secuti sunt [[Ryūnosuke Akutagawa]], [[Jun'ichirō Tanizaki]], [[Mishima Yukio]] et recentius [[Haruki Murakami]]. Iaponia duos [[Praemium Nobelianum litterarum|praemio Nobeliano laureatos]] auctores, [[Yasunari Kawabata]] anno 1968 et [[Kenzaburo Oe]] anno 1994, habet.<ref name="Windows"/> Iaponica [[philosophia]] historice commixtio non solum peregrinorum, praesertim [[Philosophia Sinica|Sinicorum]] ac [[Philosophia Occidentalis|Occidentalium]], sed etiam unicorum Iaponicorum elementorum fuit. In litterariā cuius formā, [[philosophia Iaponica]] circa saecula quattuordecim abhinc coepit. [[Confucianismus|Confucianistica]] desiderata adhuc perspicua sunt in Iaponico societatis ac [[seipse|suiipsius]] conceptū et in [[gubernatio|gubernii]] ordinatione et [[Societas humana|societatis]] structurā.<ref>[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/japanese-confucian/ "Japanese Confucian Philosophy"] (Anglice). ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''. Die 20 Maii anni 2008.</ref> [[Buddhismus]] [[psychologia]]m, [[metaphysica]]m et [[aesthetica]]m penitus affecit.<ref>Parkes, Graham (January 1, 2011). Zalta, Eduardus (Edward) N. (ed.). ''[https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2011/entries/japanese-aesthetics/ The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]'' – viā Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.</ref> ===Musica et artes scaenicae=== [[Fasciculus:春日神社ー篠山ー翁奉納P1011774.jpg|thumb|right|[[Noh]]alis actio in [[Sintoismus|Sintoistico]] sanctuario.]] Musica Iaponica eclectica variaque est. Multa [[Instrumentum musicum|instrumenta]], prout [[koto (instrumentum)|koto]] (Iaponice 箏), in Iaponiam saeculis IX et X introducta sunt. Popularis [[carmen vulgare|musica vulgaris]], cum [[shamisen]]e (Iaponice 三味線) simili citharae Hispanicae, originem trahit a saeculo XVI.<ref>Malm, Gulielmus (William) P. (2000). ''[[iarchive:traditionaljapan0000malm/page/35|Traditional Japanese music and musical instruments]]'' (Nova ed.). Kodansha International. pp. 31–45. ISBN 978-4-7700-2395-7.</ref> Occidentalis [[musica classica]], exeunte saeculo XIX introducta, integralem culturae Iaponicae partem nunc format. Imperialis aulae symphoniae [[Gagaku]] (Iaponice 雅楽) opera aliquibus ex Occidentalibus compositoribus affecit.<ref>SVide verbi gratiā, [[Olivarius Messiaen|Olivarii(Olivier) Messiaen]], ''Sept haïkaï'' (1962), (''Olivier Messiaen: a research and information guide'' (Anglice), Routledge, 2008, ab Vincentio (Vincent) Pérez Benítez, p. 67) et (''Messiaen the Theologian'' (Anglice), Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2010, pp. 243–265, ab Andreā (Andrew) Shenton)</ref> Praeclaros apud classicos compositores ex Iaponiā, sunt [[Toru Takemitsu]] et [[Rentarō Taki]]. [[Musica popularis]] in Iaponiā post [[Secundum bellum mundanum|bellum]] exstante [[Statunitensis|Statunitensibus]] et [[Europa]]eis motibus magnopere affecta est, quod in [[J-pop]] seu musicae popularis Iaponicae evolutionem induxit.<ref>Campion, Christianus (Chris) (die 22 Augusti anni 2005). "[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2005/aug/21/popandrock3 J-Pop History]" (Anglice). ''The Observer''. Londinii. Consultum Kalendis Aprilibus anni 2007.</ref> [[Karaoke|Karaōke]] (Iaponice カラオケ) latissime culturalis activitas in usū est in Iaponiā.<ref>Martínez, D.P., ed. (1998). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=6mqM8m-sJY4C&redir_esc=y The worlds of Japanese popular culture: gender, shifting boundaries and global cultures]'' (Anglice). Cambridge University Press. p. 76. ISBN 978-0-521-63729-9.</ref> Iaponicae traditionales theatrales artes quattuor [[noh]] (Iaponice 能), [[kyōgen]] (Iaponice 狂言), [[kabuki]] (Iaponice 歌舞伎) et [[bunraku]] (Iaponice 文楽) sunt. Noh et kyōgen theatrales traditiones apud antiquissimas perpetuas theatrales traditiones in toto orbe terrarum sunt. ===Officiositas=== [[Fasciculus:Geiko 2018 (29966920117).jpg|thumb|In Japoniā, irreverens putatur ut quivis calceos detrahere omittat antequam domum intret.]] Iaponicae [[Officiositas|officiositatis]] codex socialium morum exspectationes regit. [[Honne et tatemae|Honne]] (Iaponice 本音) et [[Honne et tatemae|tatemae]] (Iaponice 建前) veras cuiusquam hominis affectiones libidinesque moribus opinionibusque palam ostensibus opponunt.<ref>Takeo Doi, ''The anatomy of self'' (1985) (Anglice), p. 35.</ref> [[Yamato-damashii]] seu [[Yamato-damashii|spiritus Iaponicus]] (Iaponice 大和魂) indigenus Iaponicus spiritus seu culturales valores adversus peregrinarum nationum valores describit. [[Wa]] (Iaponice 和) Iaponicus culturalis conceptus est qui pacificam unitatem et conformitatem intra gregem socialem denotat, ubi quivis socius constantem concordem communitatem potius quam sua propria commoda malit.<ref>Christina (Christine) Genzberger (1994). [https://books.google.es/books?id=Ofvka_i08CAC&pg=PAPA155&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Japan Business: The Portable Encyclopedia for Doing Business With Japan''] (Anglice). World Trade Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-9631864-2-3. Inspectum die 22 Octobris anni 2012.</ref><ref>Susanna (Susan) C. Bauman (994). [https://books.google.es/books?id=j6epMhUlJQcC&pg=PAPA12&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''In Search of the Japanese Spirit in Talent Education''] (Anglice). Alfred Music Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-87487-767-0. Inspectum die 22 Octobris anni 2012.</ref> [[Ishin-denshin]] (Iaponice 以心伝心) [[idioma]] interpersonalis communicationis modum per tacitam mutuam comprehensionem denotans est.<ref>Maynard, Michael L; Maynard, Senko K; Taki (1993). ''101 Japanese Idioms: Understanding Japanese Language and Culture Through Popular Phrases. McGraw Hill Professional'' (Anglice). p. 113. ISBN 978-0-8442-8496-5.</ref> [[Isagiyosa]] (Iaponice 潔さ) est virtus ut mors accipi possit cum animaequitate et aequanimitate. [[Cerasus (pomum)|Cerasorum]] flores (Iaponice 桜 sive 櫻; さくら) [[isagiyosa]]num symbolum est sensū complectendi transitorii mundi.<ref>Ricardus (Richard) J. Berenson, Nialus (Neil) deMause, ''The complete illustrated guidebook to Prospect Park and the Brooklyn Botanic Garden'' (2001) (Anglice), p. 121.</ref> [[Hansei]] sive meditatio sui ipsius (Iaponice 反省) centralis idea Iaponicā in culturā est, ut quivis proprium errorem agnoscat et melior facturus esse polliceatur significans. [[Kotodama]] sive verbi spiritus (Iaponice 言霊) remittit ad credibile ut mysticae vires verba nominaque incolant. Iaponia a sociologis sublimis contextūs cultura putatur. Homines hierarchicas dissimilitudines reverentur et minus explicite verboseque communicant.<ref>Nishimura, Shoji; Nevgi, Anne; Tella, Seppo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150319030459/http://www.helsinki.fi/~tella/nishimuranevgitella299.pdf "Communication Style and Cultural Features in High/Low Context Communication Cultures: A Case Study of Finland, Japan and India"] (PDF) (Anglice). Helsinki.fi. Archivatum ex originali PDF die 19 Martii anni 2015. Inspectum die 23 Decembris anni 2014.</ref> Sublimis contextūs culturae sicuti Iaponica animum magis in gregis intestina attendunt; demissi autem contextūs culturae in individua animum attendunt. Decorum servare (ut quivis dedecus pati aut suggillari evitet) plerumque habetur potius Iaponicā in sublimis contextūs culturā quam in demissi contextūs eis sicuti in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] aut in [[Germania|Germaniā]].<ref>Cohen, Raimundus (Raymond) (1977). ''[[iarchive:negotiatingacros00cohe|Negotiating Across Cultures: Communication Obstacles in International Diplomacy]]'' (Anglice). United States Institute of Peace Press (Kalendis Septembribus anni 1991). ISBN 978-1-878379-08-5.</ref> ===Coquina=== [[Fasciculus:4 kind of makizushi.jpg|thumb|left|Quattuor genera [[makizushi|makizushorum]] (Iaponice 巻き寿司) seu [[sushi|sushorum]] volutorum.]] Iaponica coquina propter emphasin in temporis cibo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090929004317/http://www.tjf.or.jp/eng/content/japaneseculture/pdf/ge09shun.pdf "A Day in the Life: Seasonal Foods"] (Anglice) Archivatum die 16 Ianuarii anni 2013 in [[Wayback Machine]], ''The Japan Forum Newsletter'', die 14 Septembris anni 1999.</ref> elementorum qualitate et aspectū cognoscitur. Iaponica coquina vastam regionalium ciborum peculiarium varietatem quae traditionalibus praescriptis localibusque ekementis utuntur offert. [[Conchylium]], [[oryza (victus)|oryza]] Iaponica et [[collyra]] Iaponica victūs Iaponicā in coquinā sunt, typice colligatis [[dashi]]s (Iaponice 出汁), [[ius soiae|iure soiae]] (Iaponice 醤油), [[mirin]]e (Iaponice 味醂 sive みりん), [[acetum|aceto]], [[Saccharum (alimentum)|saccharo]] et [[sal]]i conditi. Fercula peregrino cibo —praesertim [[Sinae|Sinico]]— inspirata, sicuti [[ramen]] (Iaponica 拉麺 sive ラーメン) et [[gyoza|gyōza]] (Iaponice 餃子 seu ギョウザ seu ギョーザ), non minus quam, fercula sicuti [[Pasta vermiculata|vermiculi]], [[curry]]<ref>Vide "curry" apud Hodiernum vel Vocabularium Latinitatis huius aetatis, auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo.</ref> et [[isicium Hamburgense]] cum Iaponicorum gustatūs elementorumque variationibus adoptata sunt. [[Curry Iaponicum]] (Iaponice カレー), usque a suā instroductione in Iaponiam ex [[India Britannica|Indiā Britannicā]], tam diffusissime devoratur ut [[ferculum nationale]] appellari possit.<ref>Lucia (Lucy) M. Long (die 17 Iulii anni 2015). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=DBzYCQAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA329&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Ethnic Food Today: A Cultural Encyclopedia]'' (Anglice). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 329–. ISBN 978-1-4422-2731-6.</ref> Traditionalia Iaponica [[bellaria]] [[wagashi]] (Iaponice 和菓子) nuncupantur. Elementa sicuti [[anko]] (Iaponice 餡こ seu 小豆餡) et [[mochi]] (Iaponice 餅 seu もち) in usū sunt. Apud modernissimos hodiernos gustatūs est [[glacies edibilis|glacies]] e [[Thea viridis|theā viridi]] (Iaponice 抹茶アイスクリ).<ref>Hiroko Fujita; Fran Stallings (2008). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=p7nNJAt75XQC&pg=PAPA148&redir_esc=y Folktales from the Japanese Countryside]'' (Anglice). Libraries Unlimited. pp. 148–. ISBN 978-1-59158-488-9.</ref> Apud populares Iaponicas potiones est [[sake]], quod ex [[oryza (victus)|oryzā]] cocta potio est et quod typice inter 14 et 17% [[alcohol]]is continet et quod confectum est multiplice e oryzae [[fermentatio]]ne.<ref>Carolus (Carl) A. Batt (2014). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=1b1CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PAPA846&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology]'' (Anglice). Academic Press. pp. 846–. ISBN 978-0-12-384733-1.</ref> [[Cervesia]] in Iaponiā coquitur exeuntibus [[anni 1880|annis 1880]].<ref>Christophorus (Christopher) Boulton; David Quain (2013). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=QpDVsu-vaBcC&pg=PAPT20&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Brewing Yeast and Fermentation]'' (Anglice). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 20–. ISBN 978-1-118-68534-1.</ref> [[Thea viridis]] in Iaponiā producitur et diversis modis paratur, sicuti [[matcha]] (Iaponice 抹茶), thea in usū in [[Caerimonia theae Iaponica|caerimoniā theae Iaponicā]] (Iaponice 茶道). ===Narrationes pictae et ars animandi=== {{Vide-etiam|Manga}} {{Vide-etiam|Anime}} [[Fasciculus:Hokusai-MangaBathingPeople.jpg|thumb|Imagines in mangā depictae.]] [[Fasciculus:MangaStoreJapan.jpg|thumb|left|Taberna mangarum in Iaponiā.]] [[Manga]] ([[Iaponice]] 漫画) est [[narratio picta|libellus pictus]]<ref>Etiam ''[[liber]] pictus,'' ''historiola picta,'' et ''nubeculatus libellus.''</ref> Iaponicus. Homines qui mangas adumbrent [[mangaka|mangakae]] appellantur. [[Manga]]e res magni momenti in [[cultura|culturā]] Iaponicā sunt, cum antiquitus colantur. In regionibus occidentalibus, mangae a sinistra dextrorsum imprimebatur, sed in Iaponiā a dextera sinistrorsum. Nunc a [[Kappa Boys]] (scilicet Anglice "Pueri Kappa"), sua pristina dispositio restituitur (id est a dextera sinistrorsum) in Italiā. Verba super imaginibus intra nubiculas scribuntur. Quarum magnitudo longitudine gravitateque sermone definitur. Sunt in Iaponiā multi mangakae; pauci autem in Americā et Europā. Imagines mangarum pulcherrimae a nonnullis habentur; non solum personarum, sed etiam [[animal]]ium [[oculus magnus|oculi magni]] et significantes describuntur. Mangae [[color]]e [[niger|nigro]] et [[albus|albo]] pinguntur. Sunt multa genera mangarum: infantibus, puellis, pueris, hominibus. In primis mangae in magnis [[liber|libris]] cum aliis mangis imprimuntur; sed, si clarescunt, soli eduntur. Mangae et versiones pelliculares suae, quae nominantur [[anime]], ex Iaponia in [[Europa]]m, [[America]]m, et in multas alias regiones orbis pervenerunt ita ut hodie pars universae [[cultura]]e iuvenilis et popularis sint. [[Fasciculus:Momotaro's Divine Sea Warriors-screeny.JPG|thumb|[[Othonographia]]<ref>Confer [[Lingua neograeca|Neograecum]] vocabulum οθονογραφία</ref> ex ''[[Momotarō: Umi no Shinpei]]'' (1944), prima longioris taeniae pellicula animis.]] [[Anime]] ([[Iaponice]] [[:ja:アニメ|アニメ]], quod est [[apocope|apocopatus]] [[Vocabulum|vocabuli]] [[Lingua Anglica|Anglici]] ''animation'' [[pronuntiatus]] [[Lingua Iaponica|Iaponicus]]) [[ars animandi|animationem]] significat. Extra Iaponiam, hoc vocabulum vulgo animationem Iaponicam demonstrat. Quamquam primum anime Iaponicum notum anno [[1917]] factum est, multaeque animationes Iaponicae decenniis sequentibus divulgatae sunt, proprius animis modus [[decennium 197|decennio 197]] evolutus est —insigniter in operibus [[Osamu Tezuka]]— et extra Iaponiam [[decennium 199|decennio 199]] latissime notus est. Anime, sicut [[manga]], magnam audientium frequentiam in Iaponiā et certam approbationem per orbem terrarum habet. Distributores anime per emissiones [[televisio|televisificas]], recte per taenias visificas vel per [[interrete]] et per [[theatrum]] divulgare possunt. Exempla animis manu aut [[computatrum|computatro]] effecta fiunt. Anime in [[series televisifica|seriebus televisificis]], [[pellicula|pelliculis]], taeniis visificis, ludis computatralibus televisicisque, praeconiis mercatoriis, et divulgationibus [[interrete|interretialibus]] adhibetur atque plurima [[fictio]]nis [[genus (ars)|genera]] attingit. Cum commercium animis in Iaponiā cresceret, populi favorem in [[Asia Orientalis|Asiā Orientali]] et [[Asia Meridio-Orientalis|Asiā Meridio-Orientali]] consecutum est. ===Ludi televisici, computatrales et porticuum=== [[Fasciculus:Daiichhisega.jpg|thumb|left|Secundum aedificium Sega, quondam ''GiGO'' appellatum, magnum tabulatorum sex ludorum centrum societatis [[Sega]] in viā Chūō-dōri, ante LAOX Aso-Bit-City [[Akihabara]]e, [[Tokium|Tokii]], in Iaponiā.]] [[Ludus televisificus|Ludi televisifici]] in Iaponiā praecipua industria est. Iaponica ludorum evolutio crebro identificatur cum Aureā aetate ludorum televisificorum, cum excellebant corporationes [[Nintendo]], praesidibus [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] et [[Hiroshi Yamauchi]]; [[Sega]] eandem per periodum; [[Sony|Sony Interactive Entertainment]] cum habebat suam primariam sedem [[Tokium|Tokii]]; et aliae societates mercatoriae sicuti [[Taito]], [[Namco]], [[Capcom]], [[Square Enix]], [[Konami]], [[NEC]], [[SNK]] et caetera. Hic campus negotii cognoscitur catalogis aliquot praecipuarum societatum editoriarum, omnes quae de [[Cartibulum visificum lusorium|cartibulorum visificorum lusoriorum]] ac [[Ludus porticuum|ludorum porticuum]] commercio variis momentis temporis contendere. Societas [[Sega|Sega-Service Games]], a [[Statunitensis|Statunitensibus]] veteranis in Iaponiā post [[Secundum bellum mundanum]] condita, in vulgus ludum porticuum ''[[Periscope]]'' (Iaponice ペリスコープ) anno 1966 emisit, praecipuum successum apud ludos porticuum in Iaponiā qui aliquot successūs decenniis in ludorum porticorum industriā ibi antecessit. Nintendo, antiqua chartarum lusoriarum [[hanafuda]]e societas mercatoria, claruit in [[anni 1980|annis 1980]] cum emisisset domesticum [[cartibulum visificum lusorium]] [[Famicom]] (seu ''Family Computer'' Anglice, scilicet "familiae computatrum") nuncupatum, quod magnificens successus velut [[Nintendo Entertainment System]] seu NES in Civitatibus Foederatis Americae factum est. Sony, iam una maximarum societatum [[electronica]]e fabricatoriarum, hunc mercatum anno 1994 intravit propter [[PlayStation|Sony PlayStation]], unum primorum domesticorum [[cartibulum visificum lusorium|cartibulorum]] quod graphicas tridimensionales computatrales ostendit et statim facta est maxima societas editoria in hoc negotii campo. [[Shigeru Miyamoto]] internationaliter egregius sicuti "pater ludorum televisificorum" manet et unicus ludorum programmator longe qui Iaponicum maximum honorem civilem, [[Homo Meriti Culturalis|Hominem Meriti Culturalis]] (Iaponice 文化功労者), recepit. Ludorum porticuum cultura praecipuum pondus apud Iaponienses iuvenes est, dum Urbs Electrica [[Akihabara]] (Iaponice 秋葉原電気街) maximus nexus est appellatae culturae [[otaku]]ensis (Iaponice おたく seu オタク) in Iaponiā, quae se valde superponit cum ludis televisificis. Iaponicus ludus personarum televisificus praecipuum genus non solum nationaliter sed etiam internationaliter est, cum titulis sicuti ''[[Final Fantasy]]'' (Iaponice ファイナルファンタジ) et ''[[Dragon Quest]]'' (Iaponice ドラゴンクエストシリーズ), quorum milliones venditi sunt. Iaponia propemodum 67,6 milliones lusorum anno 2018 habebat.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200924052902/https://newzoo.com/insights/infographics/japan-games-market-2018/ Japan Games Market 2018] (Anglice).</ref> ===Instrumenta divulgationis=== [[Fasciculus:Fuji TV headquarters and Aqua City Odaiba - 2006-05-03 edit.jpg|thumb|Corporationis [[Fuji TV]] primaria sedes [[Tokium|Tokii]].]] Televisio et diaria praecipuo munere Iaponicis in instrumentis divulgationis funguntur, quamquam etiam [[radiophonia]] et ephemerides quodam munere funguntur.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041205020625/http://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/bcri-fr/h13-f1.html "The Japanese and Television, 2000"] (Anglice). Archivatum ex originali Nonis Decembribus anni 2004. Inspectum die 3 Novembris anni 2016.</ref><ref name="Gatzen">Australia, Barbara Gatzen, Universitas Nationalis Australiana (die 17 Aprilis anni 2001). [http://www.japanesestudies.org.uk/discussionpapers/Gatzen.html "Media and Communication in Japan: Current Issues and Future Research"] (Anglice).</ref> Per [[anni 1990|annos 1990]], televisio diariis praestitit sicut Iaponicum praecipuum informationis oblectamentique instrumentum.<ref name="新聞と読者">[https://web.archive.org/web/20020418125404/http://www.pressnet.or.jp/data/0202.htm 2.新聞と読者 Newspapers and Readers] (Iaponice et Anglice). Archivatum ex originali die 18 April anni 2002. Inspectum die 3 Novembris anni 2016.</ref> Sunt nationales intextūs televisifici sex: [[NHK]] ([[divulgatio publica]]), [[Nippon Television]] (NTV), [[Tokyo Broadcasting System]] (TBS), [[Fuji Network System]] (FNS), [[TV Asahi]] (EX) et [[TV Tokyo Network]] (TXN).<ref name="Gatzen"/> Intextūs televisifici plerumque statuti sunt, fundati in pecuniā quam exsistentes intextūs radiophonici collocaverant. Spectacula varietatum, commenticiae fabulae et nuntii magnam centesimam rationem apud Iaponica spectacula televisifica constituunt. Secundum anni 2015 percontationem a NHK de telespectandum in Iaponiā, 79 centesimae partes Iaponensium quotidie telespectant.<ref>[https://www.nhk.or.jp/bunken/english/reports/pdf/report_16042101.pdf Television Viewing and Media Use Today: From "The Japanese and Television 2015"] (Percontatio Anglice), Institutum investigationis culturae divulgationis a NHK, Provincia investigationis opinionis publicae. Aprili anni 2016.</ref> Iaponienses lectores circiter apud quotidiana diaria 120 eligere possunt, cum medio subnotationis indice 1,13 diariorum per domum.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20020418105725/http://www.pressnet.or.jp/data/0101.htm 1.発行部数 Circulation] (Iaponice et Anglice). Inspectum die 3 Novembris anni 2016.</ref> Praecipua diaria ''[[Yomiuri Shimbun]]'', ''[[Asahi Shimbun]]'', ''[[Mainichi Shimbun]]'', ''[[The Nikkei|Nikkei Shimbun]]'' et ''[[Sankei Shimbun]]'' sunt. Secundum percontationem a societate Nihon Shinbun Kyōkai (Iaponice 日本新聞協会) anno [[1999]] gestam, 85,4 centesimae partes virorum et 75 centesimae partes feminarum diarium quotidie legunt.<ref name="新聞と読者"/> Iaponia unam apud antiquissimas maximasque pellicularum industrias in toto orbe terrarum habet; pelliculae fiunt in Iaponiā ex anno [[1897]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121027152501/http://screenaustralia.gov.au/research/statistics/acompfilms.asp "Top 50 countries ranked by number of feature films produced, 2005–2010"] (Anglice). ''Screen Australia''. Inspectum pridie Idus Iulii anni 2012.</ref> Pellicula ''[[Godzilla (pellicula anni 1954)|Godzilla]]'', a [[Ishirō Honda]] cinematographata, internationalis Iaponiae icon reddita est et non solum totum [[kaiju|kaiiuvicarum]] (Iaponice 怪獣) pellicularum subgenerum sed etiam diuturnissimam pellicularum venditionem concessivam in historiā genuit. Iaponia [[Praemia Academiae]] quattuor ob Optimam Pelliculam Linguā Peregrinā vicit, magis quam alia Asiatica natio. Iaponicae pelliculae animatae et series televisificae, [[anime]] nuncupatae, Iaponiensi [[manga|mangā]] maxime afficiuntur et valde populares in [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Occidentem]] fiunt. Iaponia nota est in toto orbe terrarum sicuti medulla [[ars animandi|artis animandi]].<ref>[[인문사회]일본을 알려면 ‘아니메’를 보라] ([[Coreane]]), Nonis Novembribus anni 2005.</ref> ===Indumenta=== [[Fasciculus:Japanese traditional dancer.jpg|thumb|left|[[Kimonum|Kimoni]] exemplum.]] [[Kimonum]]<ref name="Kimonum">Vide [https://la.wiktionary.org/wiki/kimonum#Formae_aliae victionarium latinum].</ref> seu [[quimo]]<ref name="Kimonum"/><ref>"Tunicae amiculum superinduunt breviorem (''quimonem'' vocant) manicis non ultra cubitos eminentibus"; Bernardus Varenius, ''Descriptio Regni Iaponiae cum quibusdam affinis materiae, ex variis auctoribus collecta et in ordinem redacta'': vide [[s:Descriptio_Regni_Iaponiae/24|hic]].</ref>, (Iaponice 着物) verbatim Iaponice "rem induendi" significans, notum Iaponicum traditionale indumentum indicat. Ab origine, hoc vocabulum ad omne vestimenti genere referebat, donec paulatim finivit referens solum ad typicum indumentum, nuncupatum Iaponice etiam ナガー着 (pronuntiatum ''naga-gi'' et verbatim "longum indumentum" significans), quo adhuc hodie se induunt peculiaribus occasionibus feminae, viri puerique. Etiam nuncupatur sicuti [[wafuku]] (Iaponice 和服, verbatim "Iaponicum indumentum"). Kimona seu quimones prompta sunt variis coloribus, formis magnitudinibusque. Viri generatim obscurioribus coloribus se induunt, feminae autem alacrioribus coloribus aut levibus se induere solent, crebro complicatis abstractis florealibusque adumbrationibus. Aestiva kimona, [[yukata]] (Iaponice 浴衣) nuncupata, leviora sunt, quae crebro solum genua attingunt. Seriora kimona in usū numerosis stratis; quorum numerus, forma, manicarum longitudo et speciminis electio definiuntur secundum statum socialem et occasionem cum homines ipso kimono se induunt. ===Feriae et dies festi=== [[Fasciculus:Young ladies at Harajuku.jpg|thumb|Iuvenes feminae [[Dies Adulti|Diem Adulti]] (Iaponice 成人の日) [[Harajuku|Haraiukū]], [[Tokium|Tokii]] concelebrant.]] Publice, Iaponia nationales et a gubernio agnitos dies festos sedecim habet. Publici dies festi in Iaponiā Lege Publicorum Dierum Festorum (Iaponice 国民の祝日に関する法律) anni [[1348]] temperantur.<ref>Nakamura, Akemi (die 8 Aprilis anni 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20081114165513/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20080408i1.html "National holidays trace roots to China, ancients, harvests"] (Anglice). ''Japan Times''.</ref> Ineunte anno [[2000]], Iaponia [[Systema Felicis Diei Lunae]] (Iaponice ハッピーマンデー制度) implevit, quod nationalium dierum festorum numerum ad diem Lunae movet ut impetretur longus finis hebdomadis. Nationales dies festi in Iaponiā [[Annus Novus|Dies Anni Novi]] (Iaponice 正月) [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]], [[Dies Adulti]] (Iaponice 成人の日) secundo die Lunae Ianuarii, [[Dies Conditionis Nationalis]] (Iaponice 建国記念の日) die [[11 Februarii]], [[Natalis Imperatoris]] (Iaponice 天皇誕生日) die [[23 Februarii]], [[Dies Aequinoctii Verni]] (Iaponice 春分の日) die [[20 Martii|20]] aut [[21 Martii]], [[Dies Shōwae]] (Iaponice 昭和の日) die [[19 Aprilis]], [[Dies Memorialis Constitutionis]] (Iaponice 憲法記念日) die [[3 Maii]], [[Dies Viriditatis]] (Iaponice みどりの日) die [[4 Maii]], [[Dies Puerorum]] (Iaponice こどもの日) die [[5 Maii]], [[Dies Maris]] (Iaponice 海の日) tertio die Lunae Iulii, [[Dies Montis]] (Iaponice 山の日) die [[11 Augusti]], [[Dies Reverentiae Seniorum]] (Iaponice 敬老の日) tertio die Lunae Septembris, [[Dies Aequinoctii Autumnalis]] (Iaponice 秋分の日) die [[23 Septembris|23]] aut [[24 Septembris]], [[Dies Ludorum Athleticorum]] (Iaponice スポーツの日) secundo die Lunae Octobris, [[Dies Culturae]] (Iaponice 文化の日) die [[3 Novembris]] et [[Dies Gratulationis Laboris]] (Iaponice 勤労感謝の日) die [[23 Septembris]] sunt.<ref>[https://www.officeholidays.com/countries/japan/"Public Holidays in Japan in 2016"] (Anglice).</ref> ===Artes athleticae=== [[Fasciculus:Aki basho dohyō-iri on Sept. 28 2014.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sumo (colluctatio)|Sumotori]] luctatores circa arbitrum per caerimoniam intrandi in circulum se conficiunt.]] Traditionaliter, [[Sumo (colluctatio)|sumo]] Iaponica nationalis ars athletica putatur.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070307073410/http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/sumoeastandwest/sumo.html "Sumo: East and West"] (Anglice). PBS. Inspectum die 10 Martii 2007.</ref> Iaponicae [[artes martiales]], utputa [[iudo]], [[luctatio caratica|caratica]] et [[kendo]], etiam longe lateque coluntur et spectantur ab Iaponicis spectatoribus. Post [[Restauratio Meiji|Restaurationem Meiji]], multae artes athleticae Occidentales introductae sunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070317192109/http://www.uk.emb-japan.go.jp/en/facts/culture_dailylife.html "Culture and Daily Life"] (Anglice). Iaponiae ambasciata in Britanniarum Regno. Inspectum die 27 Martii anni 2007.</ref> [[Basipila]] in praesenti ars athletica popularissima secundum numerum spectatorum hac in natione est. Summum Iaponia professionale certamen, nunc nuncupatum [[Basipila Professionalis Iaponica]] (Iaponice 日本野球機構), conditum est anno [[1936]]<ref>Nagata, Yoichi; Holway, John B. (1995). "Japanese Baseball" (Anglice). In Palmer, Pete (ed.). ''Total Baseball'' (IV ed.). Viking Press. p. 547.</ref> et late longeque putatur maximus professionalis basipilae gradus esse in toto orbe terrarum, extra [[Maioris Ligae Basipila|Maioris Ligas]] (Anglice ''Major Leagues''). Cum [[Certamen Pediludii Professionalis Iaponicum]] (Iaponice 日本プロサッカーリーグ) anno [[1992]] conditum esset, [[pediludium]] multos fautores adipiscitur.<ref>[https://www.tjf.or.jp/takarabako/PDF/TB09_JCN.pdf "Soccer as a Popular Sport: Putting Down Roots in Japan"] (PDF) (Anglice). The Japan Forum. Inspectum Kalendis Aprilibus anni 2007.</ref> Iaponia [[Certamen Intercontinentale (Pediludium)|Certamen Intercontinentale]] ex anno [[1981]] ad [[2004]] hospitavit et [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2002)|Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium anni 2002]] cum [[Res publica Coreana|Coreā Meridianā]] cohospistavit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190222081910/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/index.html "Previous FIFA World Cups"] (Anglice). [[FIFA]]. Inspectum die 7 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> Iaponia unam prosperrimas apud turmas pedilusorias in Asiā, [[Certamen Asianum Pedilusorium]] quater vincentem, habet.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190331113222/https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/matches/round=255989/match=300144437/summary.html "Japan edge USA for maiden title"] (Anglice). [[FIFA]]. Die 17 Iulii anni 2011.</ref> [[Pilamalleus]] etiam popularis in Iaponiā est.<ref>Varcoe, Fridericus (Fred). [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215517/http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/604/sports.asp "Japanese Golf Gets Friendly"] (Anglice). ''Metropolis''. Inspectum Kalendis Aprilibus anni 2007.</ref> Iaponiae est significativa participatio in [[ludus mechanicus|ludis mechanicis]]. Iaponici autocinetorum fabricatores successerunt dissimilibus categoriis, cum palmis et victoriis in seriebus sicuti [[Formula Una|Formulā Unā]], [[Certamen Mundanum Automobilium|Certamine Mundano Automobilium]], [[Indycar Series|Indycar Seriebus]], [[Certamen Mundanum Autocinetorum|Certamine Mundano Autocinetorum]], [[Certamen Mundanum Patientiae FIA|Certamine Mundano Patientiae FIA]], [[Certamen Mundanum Autoraedarum Privatarum|Certamine Mundano Autoraedarum Privatarum]], [[Certamen Britannicum Autoraedarum Privatarum|Certamine Britannico Autoraedarum Privatarum]] (Anglice ''British Touring Car Championship'') et [[WeatherTech SportsCar Championship]].<ref>"[Honda]" (Anglice, Francogallice, Hispanice, Theodisce, Italice et Iaponice). STATS F1. Inspectum die 21 Februarii anni 2020.</ref><ref>[https://www.wrc.com/es/mas/wrc-historia/groupo-a/ "WRC – World Rally Championship"]. Certamen Mundanum Autocinetorum. Inspectum die 21 Februarii anni 2020. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref><ref> Sports, Dorna. [https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2017/10/11/japanese-industry-in-motogp/241690 "Japanese industry in MotoGP™"] (Anglice, Francogallice, Hispanice, Theodisce, Italice et Lusice). ''www.motogp.com''. Inspectum die 21 Februarii anni 2020.</ref> Tres Iaponienses ductores in podium ascendere in Formulā Unā consecuti sunt et Iponienses ductores in [[500 milia passuum Indianapolis|500 milibus passuum Indianapolis]] (Anglice ''Indianapolis 500'') et [[24 Horae Cenomani|24 Horis Cenomani]] (Francogallice ''24 Heures du Mans'') etiam vicerunt, praeter successum domesticis in certaminibus.<ref> Nagatsuka, Kaz (die 14 Iunii anni 2017). [https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2017/06/14/more-sports/auto-racing/sato-revels-glow-historic-indy-500-triumph/ "Sato revels in glow of historic Indy 500 triumph"] (Anglice). ''The Japan Times Online''.</ref><ref>[https://www.24h-lemans.com/en/news/japan-at-the-24-hours-of-le-mans-infographic-50293 "Japan at the 24 Hours of Le Mans – Infographic"] (Anglice). ''lemans.org''. Inspectum die 21 Februarii anni 2020.</ref> [[Super GT]] (Iaponice スーパージーティー) est popularissima series in Iaponiā, [[Certamen Super Formula|Super Formula]] (Iaponice スーパーフォーミュラ) autem domestica maximi gradūs series est.<ref>Clarke, Len. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070926215524/http://metropolis.co.jp/tokyo/623/sports.asp "Japanese Omnibus: Sports"]. ''Metropolis''. Inspectum Kalendis Aprilibus anni 2007. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Natio praecipuos cursūs quoque hospitat, utputa [[Magnum Praemium Iaponiae]] (Iaponice 日本グランプリ), [[Magnum Praemium Autobirotarium Iaponiae]] (Iaponice 日本グランプリ), [[10 Horae Suzukae|10 Horas Suzukae]] (Iaponice 鈴鹿1000km), [[6 Horae Fujienses|6 Horas Fuiienses]] (Iaponice 富士1000km), [[Cursus Mundanus Autoraedarum Privatarum Iaponiae|Cursum Mundanum Autoraedarum Privatarum Iaponiae]] et [[Indy Japan 300]] (Iaponice インディジャパン300). Iaponia [[Olympia aestiva 1964]] [[Tokium|Tokii]] et [[Olympia hiemalia 1972]] [[Sapporum|Sappori]] et [[Olympia hiemalia 1998]] [[Naganoënsis|Nagani]] hospitavit.<ref>[https://www.joc.or.jp/english/historyjapan/history_japan_bid.html "Olympic History in Japan"] (Anglice et Iaponice). Consilium Olympicum Iaponicum. Inspectum die 7 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> Ultra, natio [[Certamen Mundanum Canistriludii]] anno [[2006]] hospitavit et cohospitabit anno [[2023]] denuo idem certamen.<ref>[http://www.fiba.basketball/es/basketballworldcup/2023 "FIBA Basketball World Cup 2023"] (Hispanice). Inspectum die 24 Septembris anni 2020.</ref> Tokium [[Olympia aestiva 2020]] hospitabit, quod Iaponiam primam [[Asia]]nam urbem [[Olympia (certamina)|Olympia]] bis hospitantem faciet.<ref>[https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-selects-tokyo-as-host-of-2020-summer-olympic-games "IOC selects Tokyo as host of 2020 Summer Olympic Games"] (Anglice et Francogallice]]. Consilium Olympicum internationale. Die 21 Iulii anni 2016.</ref> Haec natio iura officialis [[Certamen Mundanum Femininum Follis Volatilis|Certaminis Mundani Feminini Follis Volatilis]] occasionibus sex adepta est, magis quam quaevis alia natio.<ref>[http://www.fivb.org/TheGame/TheGame_WorldChampionships.htm "The Game – World Championships – FIVB Women's World Championships Finals"] (Anglice). FIVB. Inspectum [[13 Iunii|Idibus Iuniis]] anni 2017.</ref> Iaponia prosperrima est Asianas apud nationes in [[Harpastum XV|harpasto XV]], vincens in [[Certamen Asianum harpasticum|Certamine Asiano Harpastico]] sexies et in nuper condito [[Certamen Nationum Pacifici|Certamine Nationum Pacifici]] anno 2011 vincens. Iaponia etiam [[Certamen mundanum harpasticum|Certamen Mundanum Harpasticum]] anno 2019 hospitavit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224929/http://www.rugbyworldcup.com/rugbyworldcup2019/news/newsid%3D2069327.html "rugbyworldcup.com"] (Anglice et Iaponice). Inspectum Kalendis Novembribus anni 2013.</ref> == Codices == Iaponiae hi codices sunt: * JPN, secundum normam [[ISO 3166-1]] alpha-3 (catalogi codicum nationum); * JPN, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum Consilii Olympici Internationalis|catalogum codicum nationum Consilii Olympici Internationalis]]; * J, secundum [[Catalogus codicum internationalium notaculi autocineti|catalogum codicum internationalium notaculi autocineti]]; * JPN, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur|catalogum codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur]], codicem alpha-3; * RJ, secundum [[Catalogus praefixorum codicum aëroportuum quibus ICAO utitur|catalogum praefixorum codicum aëroportuum quibus ICAO utitur]]; * JA, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur|catalogum codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur]]; * JP, secundum normam [[ISO 3166-1]] (catalogi codicum rerum publicarum), codicem alpha-2 (catalogi codicum civitatis); * [[.jp]], secundum [[Dominium summum|dominium interretiale]]; {{NexInt}} {{div col|4}} * [[Aeroplanum chartaceum]] * [[Bibliotheca Diaetae Nationalis]] * [[Anime]] * [[Camicaze]] * [[Candies]] * [[Fretum Tsugaruense]] * [[Gagaku]] * [[Ikebana]] * [[Imperatores Iaponiae]] *[[Index Fontium Latinorum de Iaponia]] * [[Kabuki]] * [[Kimonum]] * [[Magatama]] * [[Manga]] * [[Morning Musume]] * [[Nihonjinron]] * [[Origami]] * [[Perfume]]{{dubsig}} * [[Philatelia Asiana]] * [[Shinto]] * [[Suscis]] (pisces incoctos) * [[Ukiyo-e]] * [[727 Nipponia]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> == Bibliographia == {{Pars vicificanda}} * Berenguer-Futagami, Ferdinandus. 2023. ''Theseos expositio: de Martini Heidegger philosophia deque eius receptione Iaponica''. Academia Friburgiana - Publications * Christopher, Robert C. [[1983]]. ''The Japanese Mind: the Goliath Explained.'' Linden Press / Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-330-28419-3. * De Mente. [[1997]]. ''The Japanese Have a Word For It.'' Novi Eboraci: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-8442-8316-9. * Flath. [[2000]]. ''The Japanese Economy.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-877503-2. * Free. [[2008]]. ''Early Japanese Railways 1853–1914: Engineering Triumphs That Transformed Meiji-era Japan.'' Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 4-8053-1006-5. * Henshall. [[2001]]. ''A History of Japan.'' Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-23370-1. * Hood. [[2006]]. ''Shinkansen: From Bullet Train to Symbol of Modern Japan.'' Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32052-6. * Ikegami. [[2005]]. ''Bonds Of Civility: Aesthetic Networks And The Political Origins Of Japanese Culture.'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-60115-0. * Ito, et al. [[2005]]. ''Reviving Japan's Economy: Problems and Prescriptions.'' Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-09040-6. * Iwabuchi. [[2002]]. ''Recentering Globalization: Popular Culture and Japanese Transnationalism.'' Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-2891-7. * Jansen. [[2000]]. ''The Making of Modern Japan.'' Belknap. ISBN 0-674-00334-9. * Johnson. [[1996]]. ''Japan: Who Governs?'' Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-31450-2. * Kato, et al. [[1997]]. ''A History of Japanese Literature: From the Man'Yoshu to Modern Times.'' Japan Library. ISBN 1-873410-48-4. * Macwilliams. [[2007]]. ''Japanese Visual Culture: Explorations in the World of Manga and Anime.'' M. E. Sharpe. ISBN 0-7656-1602-5. * McDonald. [[2005]]. ''Reading a Japanese Film: Cinema in Context.'' Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-8248-2993-X. * Ono, et al. [[2004]]. ''Shinto: The Kami Way.'' Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3557-8. * Pyle. [[2007]]. ''Japan Rising: The Resurgence of Japanese Power and Purpose.'' Public Affairs. ISBN 1-58648-567-9. * Reischauer. [[1989]]. ''Japan: The Story of a Nation.'' Novi Eboraci: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-557074-2. * Samuels. [[2008]]. ''Securing Japan: Tokyo's Grand Strategy and the Future of East Asia.'' Ithacae Novi Eboraci: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-7490-6. * Silverberg. [[2007]]. ''Erotic Grotesque Nonsense: The Mass Culture of Japanese Modern Times.'' Berkeleiae: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22273-3. * Shinoda.[[2007]]. ''Koizumi Diplomacy: Japan’s Kantei Approach to Foreign and Defense Affairs.'' University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-98699-9. * Stevens. [[2007]]. ''Japanese Popular Music: Culture, Authenticity and Power.'' Novi Eboraci: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-38057-X. * Sugimoto, et al. [[2003]]. ''An Introduction to Japanese Society.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-52925-5. * Van Wolferen. [[1990]]. ''The Enigma of Japanese Power.'' Vintage. ISBN 0-679-72802-3. * Varley. [[2000]]. ''Japanese Culture.'' Honoluli: Prelum Universitatis Havaiorum. ISBN 0-8248-2152-1. == Nexūs externi == {{CommuniaCat|Japan|Iaponiam}} {{Vicifons|Descriptio_Regni_Iaponiae|regni Iaponiae}} {{Asia}} {{Capsae collectae|Iaponia|politica|{{Imperatores Iaponiae}}{{Primi ministri Iaponiae}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Iaponici}}}} {{Capsae collectae|Iaponia|geographica|{{Praefecturae Iaponiae}}}} {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Geographia}} [[Categoria:Civitates insulares]] [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]] [[Categoria:Iaponia|!]] [[Categoria:Monarchiae constitutionales]] {{FA stella}} mj3wqv9mlwrruxwc6v8gnln5j2j625f Historia scientiae 0 20353 3965101 3920250 2026-06-15T18:26:45Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965101 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Plato's Academy mosaic from Pompeii.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Academia Platonis]]. [[Opus tessellatum]] ex [[Pompeii]]s, [[saeculum 1|primo saeculo]].]] [[Fasciculus:Justus Sustermans - Portrait of Galileo Galilei, 1636.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Galilaeus Galilaei]], pater scientiae hodiernae. [[Imago]] a [[Iustus Sustermans|Iusto Sustermans]] facta.]] '''Historia scientiae''' est [[historia|historicum]] progressus [[scientia (ratio)|scientiae]] et [[scientia (declarativa)|scientiae scientificae]] studium, [[historia naturalis (scientia)|scientiis naturalibus]] [[scientia socialis|socialibusque]] non exceptis. Quamvis [[homo]] ab origine [[ignis|ignem]], [[rota]]m, [[arma]] excogitet, primi historiae scientificae [[vir]]i noti accerrimo [[ars ingeniaria|ingenio]] sunt in dissimilibus [[humanitas|humanitatibus]] [[antiquitas|antiquis]] in [[Mesopotamia]], [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]], [[India]], [[Sina|Sinis]], [[Graecia]], [[imperium Romanum|imperio Romano]]. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aetas aurea Islamica]] * [[Aevum praehistoricum]] * [[Circumiecta naturalia]] * [[Cultura]] * [[Evolutio]] * [[Epistemologia]] * [[Historia astronomiae]] * [[Historia biologiae]] * [[Historia geographiae]] * [[Historia linguisticae]] * [[Historia oeconomica]] * [[Historia physicae]] * [[Illuminatio]] * [[Innovatio]] * [[Methodus scientifica]] * [[Philosophia historiae]] * [[Philosophia scientiae]] * [[Singularitas technologica]]<!--Commentarios scribe et nexus hic adde! * [[Historia anthropologiae]] * [[Historia archaeologiae]] * [[Historia chemiae]] * [[Historia mathematicae]] * [[Historia philosophiae]] * [[Historia physicae]] * [[Historia psychologiae]] * [[Historia sociologiae]] * [[Historia technologiae]]--> {{div col end}} ==Bibliographia== * Agar, Jon. [[2012]]. ''Science in the Twentieth Century and Beyond.'' Cantabrigiae: Polity Press. ISBN 9780745634692. * Agassi, Joseph. [[2007]]. ''Science and Its History: A Reassessment of the Historiography of Science.'' Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 253. Springer. ISBN 1402056311. * Boorstin, Daniel. [[1983]]. ''The Discoverers: A History of Man's Search to Know His World and Himself.'' Novi Eboraci: Random House. ISBN 0394402294. OCLC 9645583. * Bowler, Peter J. [[1993]]. ''The Norton History of the Environmental Sciences.'' Novi Eboraci: Norton. ISBN 0393035352, ISBN 0393310426. * Brock, W. H. [[1993]]. ''The Norton History of Chemistry.'' Novi Eboraci: Norton. * Bronowski, J. [[1951]]. ''The Common Sense of Science.'' Londinii: Heinemann Educational Books. ISBN 8429713808. * Bruno, Leonard C. [[1989]]. ''The Landmarks of Science.'' ISBN 0816021376. * Byers, Nina, et Gary Williams, ed. [[2006]]. ''Out of the Shadows: Contributions of Twentieth-Century Women to Physics.'' Cantabrigiae: [http://www.cambridge.org/us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521821971 Cambridge University Press.] ISBN 978-0-521-82197-1. * Heilbron, John L., ed. [[2003]]. ''The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science.'' Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511229-6. * Herzenberg, Caroline L. [[1986]]. ''Women Scientists from Antiquity to the Present'' Locust Hill Press. ISBN 0-933951-01-9. * Ilizarov Simon S., et Alexey V. Sobisevich. [[2015]]. "New feature: History of science now." ''Centaurus'' 57 (4): 301–06. * Kuhn, Thomas S. [[1996]]. ''The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.'' Ed. tertia. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226458075. * Kumar, Deepak. [[2006]]. ''Science and the Raj: A Study of British India.'' Ed. secunda. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195680030. * Lakatos, Imre. [[1978]]. ''History of Science and its Rational Reconstructions.'' In ''The Methodology of Scientific Research Programmes: Philosophical Papers,'' vol. 1. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. * Levere, Trevor Harvey. [[2001]]. ''Transforming Matter: A History of Chemistry from Alchemy to the Buckyball.'' * Lindberg, David C., et Michael H. Shank, eds. [[2013]]. ''Medieval Science.'' The Cambridge History of Science, 2. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59448-6. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110954/http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/histories/ebook.jsf?bid=CHO9780511974007 University Publishing Online.] * Margolis, Howard. [[2002]]. ''It Started with Copernicus.'' Novi Eboraci: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-138507-X. * Mayr, Ernst. [[1982]]. ''The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance.'' Cantabrigiae MassachusettaE: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674364457. * Needham, Joseph. [[1954]]–[[2004]]. ''Science and Civilisation in China.'' Multa volumina. **{{Cite journal| year=1954 | last1=Needham |first1=Joseph| last2=Wang |first2=Ling (王玲)|author1-link=Joseph Needham|author2-link=Wang Ling (historian)|title=Science and Civilisation in China| location=Cantabrigiae| publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=1 ''Introductory Orientations''}} **{{Cite journal| year=2004 | last1=Needham |first1=Joseph| last2=Robinson|first2=Kenneth G.| last3=Huang|first3=Jen-Yü|title=Science and Civilisation in China| location=Cantabrigiae| publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=7, part II ''General Conclusions and Reflections''}} * North, John. [[1995]]. ''The Norton History of Astronomy and Cosmology.'' Novi Eboraci: Norton. * Nye, Mary Jo, ed. [[2002]]. ''The Modern Physical and Mathematical Sciences.'' Cambridge History of Science, 5. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. * Park, Katharine, et Lorraine Daston, eds. [[2006]]. ''Early Modern Science.'' Cambridge History of Science, 3. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. * Porter, Roy, ed. [[2003]]. ''The Eighteenth Century.'' Cambridge History of Science, 4. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. * Rousseau, George, et Roy Porter, eds. [[1980]]. ''The Ferment of Knowledge: Studies in the Historiography of Science.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052122599X. * Sambursky, Shmuel. [[1974]]. ''Physical Thought from the Presocratics to the Quantum Physicists: an anthology selected, introduced and edited by Shmuel Sambursky.'' Novi Eboraci: Pica Press. ISBN 0876637128. * Slotten, Hugh Richard, ed. [[2014]]. ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of the History of American Science, Medicine, and Technology.'' == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|History of science|historiam scientiae}} {{Vicicitatio|History of science|historiam scientiae}} * [https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/blog/what-is-the-history-of-science/ "What is the History of Science?"] British Academy.<!-- * {{cite IEP |url-id=s-change |title="Scientific Change"}}--> * [http://www.crhst.cnrs.fr The CNRS History of Science and Technology Research Center.] Lutetiae. * [https://web.archive.org/web/19991006233503/http://www.worldwideschool.org/library/catalogs/bysubject-sci-history.html ''A History of Science,'' vol. 1–4.] Textus interretialis. * [http://nistdigitalarchives.contentdm.oclc.org/ Digital Archives of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200113061229/http://lhldigital.lindahall.org/cdm/search/collection/astro_early!astro_atlas!color!earththeory!eng_tech!math!nat_hist!physics!philsci/order/title/ad/asc Digitalia librorum in History of Science Collection facsimilia.] Linda Hall Library Digital Collections. * [http://www.dhstweb.org/ Division of History of Science and Technology of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science.] * [https://gigancinauki.pl/ge/ Giants of Science.] Situs interretialis Instituti Memoriae Nationalis.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190915195647/http://digital.lib.usu.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/History_sci History of Science Digital Collection.] Universitas Civica Utaensis. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200915192429/https://hssonline.org/ Societas Historiae Scientiae.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200113061501/https://www.idtc-iuhps.com/ Inter-Divisional Teaching Commission of the International Union for the History and Philosophy of Science.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120322231834/http://www.aihs-iahs.org/ Academia Internationalis Historiae Scientiae.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200919193605/http://ihpst.net/ International History, Philosophy and Science Teaching Group.] * [http://data.isiscb.org/ IsisCB Explore: History of Science Index.] * [http://www.museogalileo.it/ Museo Galileo: Institute and Museum of the History of Science.] Florentiae in Italia. * [https://www.archives.ucar.edu/ National Center for Atmospheric Research Archives.] * [http://nobelprize.org/ Situs interretialis Rei Fundatae Nobelianae proprius.] Vitae et alia data hominum Praemio Noveliano ornatorum. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150818210315/http://trailblazing.royalsociety.org/ Situs interretialis Regalis Societatis proprius (ex 1650).] * [http://www.vega.org.uk/ The Vega Science Trust.] Pelliculae hominum scientiae, inter quos Feynman, Perutz, Rotblat, Born, et multi qui Praemio Nobeliano ornati sunt. [[Categoria:Historia]] [[Categoria:Historia scientiae]] [[Categoria:Scientia]] {{Myrias|Historia}} rmbqfg0g5y65dy9vd1bmiaprrghblw4 Saddamus Husseinus 0 22928 3965088 3726180 2026-06-15T17:38:57Z CommonsDelinker 1422 Imago Iraq,_Saddam_Hussein_(222).jpg deleta est ex Communibus ab Abzeronow. Ille hanc rationem dedit: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Iraq, Saddam Hussein (222).jpg|]] 3965088 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Saddamus Husseinus'''<ref>[http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/specialia/bellumiracianum.htm Ephemeris.]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ([[Arabice]] plenius صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي ''Saddām Ḥusayn ʿAbd al-Maǧīd al-Tikrītī'') fuit quintus [[Iracum|Iraci]] [[praeses]], a [[16 Iulii]] [[1979]] ad [[9 Aprilis]] [[2003]].<ref>''Saddam'' ([[IPA]] [''sˁɑd'dæːm'']) est cognomen, '[[contumax|contumacem]]' vel 'qui se opponit' significans; ''Husayn'' est [[patronymum|nomen patris]] et ''ʾAbd al-Majīd '' [[avus|avi]]; locutio ''al-Tikrītī'' ad [[Tikrit]] urbem spectat, quam Saddamus [[puer]] habitabat.</ref> Saddamus die [[5 Novembris]] [[2006]] ob [[scelus contra humanitatem|scelera contra humanitatem]] commissa damnatus est ut [[suspendium|suspendio]] perficiendus esset<ref name=bbc_on_death_sentence>Saddamus damnatus, BBC World Service 2006/11/05[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6117910.stm ''BBC NEWS | World | Middle East | Saddam Hussein sentenced to death'' apud news.bbc.co.uk.]</ref>; unde Castris Iustitia, prope [[Bagdatum]], hora 6:07 ante meridiem [[30 Decembris]] [[2006]], morte suspensus est.<ref name=cnn_on_death_sentence>"Supplicium Saddamo prope", dixit advocatus, CNN 2006/12/29[http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/12/29/hussein/index.html ''Hussein-áexecuted with 'fear in his face' - CNN.com'' apud www.cnn.com.]</ref> Inter [[Baath factio (Iracum)|factionis Baath Arabici socialistici]] regentes, etiam postquam factio scissa est potens esse pergit et Iraciensem regionalem eius partem agit. Bathisticae [[ideologia]]e studiosus, quae [[nationalismus|nationalistarum]] et [[socialismus|socialistarum]] sociationi favebat, die [[17 Iulii]] [[1968]] [[subitanea rerum conversio]]ne maximi momenti partem egit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Al-Ani, Dr. Abdul-Haq. [[2008]]. ''The Trial of Saddam Hussein.'' ISBN 978-0-932863-58-4. Clarity Press. * Balaghi, Shiva. [[2008]]. ''Saddam Hussein: A Biography.'' ISBN 978-0-313-33077-3. Greenwich Press. * Baram, Amatzia. [[2014]]. ''Saddam Husayn and Islam, 1968-2003: Ba'thi Iraq from Secularism to Faith.'' ISBN 978-1-4214-1582-6. Baltimorae: Woodrow Wilson Center Press / Johns Hopkins University Press. * Coughlin, Con. [[2005]]. ''Saddam: His Rise and Fall.'' ISBN 978-0-06-050543-1. Harper Perennial. * Gibson, Bryan R. [[2015]]. ''Sold Out? US Foreign Policy, Iraq, the Kurds, and the Cold War.'' ISBN 978-1-137-48711-7. Londinii: Palgrave Macmillan. * Karsh, Efraim, et Inari Rautsi. [[2002]]. ''Saddam Hussein: A Political Biography.'' ISBN 978-0-8021-3978-8. Grove Press. * MacKey, Sandra. [[2003]]. ''The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein.'' ISBN 978-0-393-32428-0. W. W. Norton & Company. * Makiya, Kanan. [[1998]]. ''Republic of Fear: The Politics of Modern Iraq.'' Ed. renovata. ISBN 978-0-520-21439-2. Berkeleiae: University of California Press. * Murray, William. [[2014]]. ''The Iran-Iraq War: A Military and Strategic History.'' ISBN 978-1-107-67392-2. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. * Newton, Michael A., et Michael P. Scharf. [[2008]]. ''Enemy of the State: The Trial and Execution of Saddam Hussein.'' ISBN 978-0-312-38556-9. St. Martin's Press. * Sassoon, Joseph. [[2011]]. ''Saddam Hussein's Ba'th Party: Inside an Authoritarian Regime.'' ISBN 978-0-521-14915-0. Cambridge University Press. {{NexInt}} * [[Bellum Iracense]] * [[Damnatio ad furcam]] * [[Tariq Aziz]] == Nexus externi == * {{CIDOB|https://www.cidob.org/biografias_lideres_politicos/asia/irak/saddam_hussein|Saddam Hussein}} {{Principes Iraci}} {{Primi ministri Iracenses}} {{Lifetime|1937|2006|Husseinus, Saddamus}} {{Myrias|Homines}} [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] [[Categoria:Politici Iracae]] [[Categoria:Duces civitatum]] ds4lh7menaxsi6ei7lfx3ij4we9511q Ioannes Mabillon 0 44683 3965124 3964729 2026-06-15T21:15:53Z Ailamnos 165281 Nexus correctus 3965124 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Chapelle Saint-Benoît 05 - copie2.JPG|thumb|Ioannis Mabillons [[herma]] in ecclesia [[St. Germain-des-Prés]]]] ''' Ioannes Mabillon''' (natus die [[23 Novembris]] [[1632]] in ''[[Saint-Pierremont (Arduenna)|Saint-Pierremont]]'' praesentis [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Arduenna (praefectura Franciae)|Arduennae]] in regione [[Campania et Arduenna]]; [[Lutetia]]e in [[abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis]] mortuus die [[27 Decembris]] [[1707]]) fuit [[monachus]] [[Ordo Sancti Benedicti|benedictinus]], eruditus et conditor [[Scientia ad historiam scribendam pertinens|scientiae ad historiam scribendam pertinentis]]. [[Petrus Sabatier|Petrum Sabatier]] inter discipulos habuit. [[Fasciculus:Jean Mabillon - Imagines philologorum.jpg|thumb|left|Ioannes Mabillon]] == Lege etiam == * Blandine Barret-Kriegel: ''Jean Mabillon'', Pr. Univ. de France, [[Lutetia]]e anno 1988. ISBN 2-13-041956-9 * Arthur Bauckner: ''Mabillons Reise durch Bayern im Jahre 1683.'' Wild, [[Monacum|Monaci]] anno 1910. * {{BBKL|m/mabillon|auctor=Georgios Fatouros|commentatio=MABILLON, Jean|tomus=5|columnae=511-514}} * Gall Heer: ''Johannes Mabillon und die Schweizer Benediktiner. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der historischen Quellenforschung im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert.'' Leobuchh., [[Sanctogallum (urbs)|Sanctogalli]] anno 1938. {{NexInt}} * [[Theodoricus Ruinartius]] == Nexus externi == {{communiaCat|Jean Mabillon|Ioannem Mabillon}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160406060423/http://x0b.de/mabillon/ Jean Mabillon: De re diplomatica (1709)] - * [http://www.univie.ac.at/hypertextcreator/netzwerk/site/browse.php?arttyp=a&l1=3&l2=1099&l3=1107 Biographia cum imagine] {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mabillon, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Benedictini]] [[Categoria:Philologi Franciae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini recentiores]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Inscriptionum et Litterarum Humaniorum]] [[Categoria:Nati 1632]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1707]] mau6ys3izu0gxtcxqytjkc5sxd4ji0q Hugo Latimerus 0 45999 3965107 3748352 2026-06-15T20:22:35Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Latimer Edward VI Foxe Westminster.jpg|thumb|Latimer [[Vestmonasterium|Vestmonasterii]] orationem de rebus divinis coram populo et rege [[Eduardus VI (rex Angliae)|Eduardo VI]] habet. Imago e libro martyrum [[Ioannes Foxe|Ioannis Foxe]] (anno 1563)]] '''Hugo Latimerus''',<ref>"Latimerus" legitur in [[Guiulielmus Turnerus|Guilielmi Turneri]] epistula in Henry Christmas, ed., ''The Works of Nicholas Ridley'' (Londinii: Parker Society, 1841) {{Google Books|Za08AQAAIAAJ|p. 490}}</ref> vulgo ''Hugh Latimer'' (circa annum 1485/90–[[1555]]), alumnus [[Collegium Petri (Cantabrigia)|Collegii Petri]] et socius [[Collegium Clarae (Cantabrigia)|Aulae Clarae]] apud [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Cantabrigienses]], fuit episcopus [[Vigornia|Vigorniensis]], [[reformatores|reformator]], et [[Maria I (regina Angliae)|Maria Tudor]] regnante [[Ecclesia Anglica|Ecclesiae Anglicae]] [[martyr]]. [[Oxonia]]e supplicio affectus est die [[16 Octobris]] [[1555]]. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Venn|id=LTMR510H|name=Latimer, Hugh}} * {{BBKL|l/Latimer|auctor=Günther Lottes|commentatio=LATIMER, Hugh|tomus=4|columnae=1216-1217}} == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{communiaCat|Hugh Latimer|Hugonem Latimer}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060812030822/http://www.ely.anglican.org/about/good_and_great/hlatimer.html De Hugone Latimer et de protestantibus martyribus] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071101075324/http://www.eresie.it/it/id458.htm De Hugone Latimer in pagina "haeresibus" dicata] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} [[Fasciculus:Latimer Ridley Foxe burning.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Supplicium Hugonis Latimer et [[Nicolaus Ridley|Nicolai Ridley]]. Imago e libro martyrum [[Ioannes Foxe|Ioannis Foxe]] (anno 1563)]] {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Latimerus, Hugo}} [[Categoria:Mortui 1555]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Angliae]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Vigornienses]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Socii collegiorum Cantabrigiensium]] [[Categoria:Martyres]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] [[Categoria:Reformatores]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15]] o2q2ej39f7c5nc7frhsiuctonzks8yf Erika (tempestas) 0 51736 3965040 3965038 2026-06-15T12:30:07Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ 3965040 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2026|6}} [[Fasciculus:Erika 2003-08-16 1655Z.jpg|thumb|Erika die 16 Augusti anno 2003.]] '''Erika''' fuit [[typhon marinus]] qui extremam [[Mexicum|Mexici]] partem ad [[septentrio]]nem spectantem a die [[14 Augusti|14]] fere ad diem [[16 Augusti|16]] anno [[2003]] afficiebat. Ordine tempestatum secundum Saffir-Simpson fuit vehementissimarum. Ortus ex regione exiguae [[pressura]]e post quinque dies patefacta est in [[Sinus Mexicanus|sinu Mexicano]]. Eo tempore imbres largos in [[Florida]]m demisit. [[Texia]] meridionali [[ventus]] modicos effecit, quibus detrimentum minus faceretur, imbre parvo accedente. Pressura maiore impellente Erika in occidentem versa atque aucta Mexicum appulit, atque per terram mox dispersa est. Boreali eius partem imbribus modicis inundavit, quomodo homines duo morierentur. [[Categoria:Meteorologia]] [[Categoria:2003]] 8smf9wfc0fu4tahf07uh0k01j058ren Ioachim Murat 0 56033 3965169 3879594 2026-06-16T05:17:18Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ioachim Murat''' (natus [[Labastide-Murat|Labastide-Fortunière]] in vico hodie ''Labastide-Murat'' appellato die [[25 Martii]] [[1767]]; supplicio affectus [[Pitium|Pitii]] in [[Calabria]] die [[13 Octobris]] [[1815]]), [[Napoleo]]nis [[soror]]is [[vir]] et [[Francia]]e [[Glossarium militare|marescalcus]], fuit ab anno [[1806]] usque ad annum [[1808]] dux magnus [[Berg]] et ab anno [[1808]] usque in [[1815]] [[Regnum Neapolitanum|Rex Neapolitanus]]. == Iuventus == [[Fasciculus:François Pascal Simon Gérard 005.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Ioachim Murat. [[Franciscus Gérard]] circa annum 1800–1810 pinxit.]] [[Fasciculus:Coat of Arms of Joachim Murat (King of Naples).svg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Signum]] Regni Neapolitani anno [[1808]].]] Filius cuiusdam cauponis, [[Carolus Mauritius de Talleyrand-Périgord|Caroli Mauritii de Talleyrand-Périgord]] iuvante, collegium [[Divona Cadurcorum|Divonae Cadurcori]] frequentabat. [[Presbyter]] factus est, sed propter licentiam epulsus anno [[1787]] militiam accessit. Anno [[1792]], succenturio nominatus est. Et [[Terroris Regimen|Terroris Regiminis]] tempore cursum militarem tenebat, et postea conventum Napoleone duce ab inimicis defendebat. == Legatus militum == Murat, Bonaparte in expeditionem Italicam annis [[1796]]/[[1797|97]] adiutans, sequebatur, et mox generalis militum nominatus est. [[9 Novembris]] [[1799]] Napoleonem adiuvit, qui rerum Franciae potitus est. Deinde praesidio consulis praefuit. Anno [[1800]], sororem Napoleonis [[Carolina Bonaparte|Carolinam Bonaparte]] in [[matrimonium]] duxit. Anno [[1801]] iterum cum Napoleone [[consul]]e in Italia [[bellum]] gessit, gubernator [[Res Publica Cisalpina|Rei Publicae Cisalpinae]] factus est, et milites [[Regnum Neapolitanum|Regni Neapolitani]] e [[Civitas Vaticana|Civitate Vaticana]] pepulit atque indutias cum rege [[Ferdinandus I (rex Utriusque Siciliae)|Ferdinando I]] signavit. Anno [[1804]], Napoleo eum [[marescalcus|marescalcum]] Franciae nominavit, et gubernatorem [[Lutetia]]e. Anno [[1805]], dux militum contra [[Austria]]cos certavit, et die [[2 Decembris]] particeps fuit [[Pugna apud Slaukoviam|Pugnae apud Slaukoviam]]. ==Dux civitatum Napoleonicorum== Anno [[1806]], Murat [[Ducatus Magnus Berg|Dux Magnus Berg]] (capite [[Dusseldorpium|Dusseldorpio]]) nominatus est. In bello contra [[Borussia]]m, feliciter apud poelia [[Proelium Ienense|Ienense]] et [[Pugna apud Eylau|ad Eylau Borussicum]] feliciter certavit. Anno [[1808]], regem [[Carolus IV (rex Hispaniae)|Carolo IV]] [[Hispania]]e iter ad fines Franciae persuasit et ibi coegit, ut se a regno abdicaret. Sed non Murat, potius [[Iosephus I (rex Hispaniae)|Iosephus Bonaparte]] novus rex Hispaniae a fratre nominatus est. Murat eodem anno rex Neapolis factus est et ad annum [[1815]] mansit. == Finis regni et mors == Anno [[1813]], postquam Napoleo in [[Bellum Patrium|expeditione Russica]], cui Murat interfuit, victus est, rex Neapolis, postquam in [[Pugna Lipsiensis|Pugna Lipsiensi]] pro Napoleone pugnavit, exercitum Franciae reliquit. Cum alligatis agebat et convenit, ut regnum tenere posset, si contra Napoleonem pugnavit. Re vera milites in [[Regnum Italiae (1805-1814)|Regnum Italiae]], cuius rex vicarius [[Eugenius de Beauharnais]] erat. Inter [[Consilium Vindobonense]] principes Europae regnum Murat negaverunt. Itaque mense Februario [[1815]], paulo antequam Napoleo ex exilio ex insula [[Ilva]] in imperium revenit, civitatem Vaticanam occupavit et contra Austriacos in Italia milites duxit. Bis proeliis victus primo in Franciam, deinde [[25 Augusti]] in [[Corsica]]m insulam fugit. [[Regnum Utriusque Siciliae|Regnum Neapolitanum]] interim a Ferdinando IV occupatum est. Paulo post Murat paucis cum militibus in Naepolin navigavit, sed copiis Ferdinandi captus est. Die [[13 Octobris]] eodem anno, iussu Ferdinandi, supplicio affectus est. Eius [[corpus]] in [[Coemeterium Patris Chaizii|Coemeterio Patris Chaizii]] [[sepultura|sepultum est]]. ==Posteriores== Ei et Carolinae Bonaparte quattuor liberi erant: *[[Napoleo Achilles Murat]] (1801 - 1847) *[[Laetitia Murat]] (1802 - 1859) *[[Napoleo Lucianus Carolus Murat]] (1803 - 1878) *[[Ludovica Iulia Murat]] (1805 - 1889) == Nexus externi == *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110224151517/http://www.murat.it/ Pagina societatis Murat (lingua Italiana)] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012800/http://www.amis-musee-murat.net/anIndex.htm Pagina Musei Murat (linguis Italiana, Anglica, Francica)] ==Bibliographia== *Dupont, Marcel. [[1980]]. ''Murat: Cavalier, Maréchal de France, Prince et Roi.'' Lutetiae: Editions Copernic. *Hulot, Frédéric. [[2003]]. ''Murat: Mémoires du général Griois 1792–1822.'' Editions du Grenadier. *Prieur, Jean. [[1985]]. ''Murat et Caroline.'' Lutetiae: Editions Fernand Lanore. ISBN 2851570110. *[[Jean Tulard|Tulard, Jean]]. [[1999]]. ''Murat.'' Fayard. ISBN 2213603723. {{Lifetime|1767|1815|Murat, Ioachim}} [[Categoria:Francomurarii]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Milites Franciae]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] [[Categoria:Participes bellorum Napoleonicorum]] [[Categoria:Reges Neapolis]] [[Categoria:Sepulturae in Coemeterio Père Lachaise]] s6hky0jz5pfv312nv6zb448pkgtzftb Praefectus urbi Romae 0 57426 3965041 3965027 2026-06-15T12:33:02Z IacobusAmor 1163 3965041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videhom|Praefectus urbi Constantinopoli}} '''Praefectus urbi Romae''' antiquitus fuit munus Romanum, quod primum [[rex Romanus|regibus Romanis]] creatum praecipue [[Antiquitas Posterior|Antiquitate Posteriore]] in honore habitum est. == Regnum et res publica antiqua == Temporibus regum et initio rei publicae liberae praefectus urbi Romam administravit, cum rex et postea consules non adfuerunt<ref>[[Livius]] I 59,12. [[Dionysius Halicarnassensis|Dion. Hal]]. ''Ant. Rom''., II,12,1.</ref>. Exempli gratia, [[Tarquinius Superbus|Tarquinio]] rege [[Ardea (Italia)|Ardeam]] obsidente atque in castris manente, pater [[Lucretia]]e [[Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus|Lucretius Tricipitinus]] praefectus urbi creatus erat<ref>[[Livius]] I 59,12. [[Dionysius Halicarnassensis|Dion. Hal]]. ''Ant. Rom''., IV,82,1.</ref> tunc cum, seditione facta, [[Lucius Iunius Brutus|Iunius Brutus]] reges ex urbe exegit. Hoc officium praecipue ad ius dicendum pertinebat. Sed postquam praetores ab anno [[367]] iudiciis praefuerunt, nihil de praefectura audimus. == Imperium Romanum == [[Augustus]] imperator magistratum praefecti urbi denuo creavit; a [[Tiberius|Tiberio]] imperatore semper praefecti urbi fuerunt. Praefectus urbi consularis fuit, qui legi disciplinae curabat. Ad quem officium [[cohortes vigiliae]] habebat<ref>[[Tacitus]] Annales VI 11.</ref>. Postea praefectus urbi etiam princeps senatus fuit<ref>Der Neue Pauly, T 10, c. 252</ref>. == Medium Aevum == Etiam post interitum imperii Romani praefecti urbi fuerunt, qui tum a rege [[Ostrogothi|Ostrogotorum]], postea ab imperatore orientali, tum demum a [[papa]] creati sunt. == Fasti praefectorum urbi == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Nomen ! tempus officii |- | [[Titus Statilius Taurus]] | [[16 a.C.n.]]-[[10 a.C.n.]] |- | [[Lucius Calpurnius Piso Pontifex]] | [[13]]-32 |- | [[Lucius Aelius Lamia]] | [[32]]-33 |- | [[Cossus Cornelius Lentulus]] | [[33]]-36 |- | [[Lucius Calpurnius Piso (consul 27)|Lucius Calpurnius Piso]] | [[36]]-[[38]]/39 |- | [[Quintus Sanquinius Maximus]] | [[39]]-[[41]] |- | [[Lucius Volusius Saturninus]] | [[42]]-[[56]] |- | [[Lucius Pedanius Secundus]] | 56-[[61]] |- | [[Titus Flavius Sabinus]] | 61-[[68]] |- | [[Aulus Ducenius Geminus]] | 68-[[69]] |- | [[Titus Flavius Sabinus]] II | 69 |- | [[Tiberius Plautius Silvanus Aelianus]] | 70- ante [[78]] |- | [[Lucius Plotius Pegasus]] | ante 78-[[85]] |- | [[Titus Aurelius Fulvus (consul 85)|Titus Aurelius Fulvus]] | 85-[[89]] |- | [[Gaius Rutilius Gallicus (Quintus Iulius Cordinus)]] | 89 (fortasse iam 86)-[[91]] |- | [[Marcus Arrecinus Clemens]] | 91- ante [[96]] |- | [[Sextus Attius Suburanus Aemilianus]] | [[104]] |- | [[Quintus Glitius Atilius Agricola]] | 104-[[105]] |- | [[Quintus Fabius Postuminus]] | [[113]]- ante 117 |- | [[Quintus Baebius Macer]] | post 113 - [[117]] |- | [[Marcus Annius Verus]] | [[117]]-[[124]] |- | [[Marcus Lollius Paullinus Decimus Valerius Asiaticus Saturninus]] | [[125]]-134 |- | [[Lucius Catilius Severus Iulianus Claudius Reginus]] | [[134]]-138 |- | [[Servius Cornelius Scipio Salvidienus Orfitus]] | circa annum [[138]] |- | [[Quintus Lollius Urbicus]] | [[146]] - [[160]] |- | [[Quintus Iunius Rusticus]] | [[161]]-[[167]]/[[168]] |- | [[Lucius Sergius Paullus]] | 168 |- | [[Gaius Aufidius Victorinus (consul 183)|Gaius Aufidius Victorinus]] | [[179]]-[[183]] |- | [[Publius Seius Fuscianus]] | [[188]]-189/190 |- | [[Publius Helvius Pertinax]] | [[189]]/[[190]]-[[192]] |- | [[Gaius Domitius Dexter]] | [[193]]-195 |- | [[Publius Cornelius Anullinus (consul 199)|Publius Cornelius Anullinus]] | [[195]]-203 |- | [[Lucius Fabius Cilo Septiminus Catinius Acilianus Lepidus Fulcinianus]] | [[203]]-211 |- | [[Gaius Iulius Asper]] | [[211]]-212 |- | [[Lucius Marius Maximus Perpetuus Aurelianus]] | [[217]] |- | [[Marcus Oclatinius Adventus]] | [[217]] - [[218]] |- | [[Publius Valerius Comazon Eutychianus]] | [[219]] - [[220]] |- | (Domitius?) Leo (Procillianus?) | 220 - [[221]] |- | [[Publius Valerius Comazon Eutychianus]] II | [[221]] |- | Fulvius | 221 - [[222]] |- | [[Publius Valerius Comazon Eutychianus]] III | 222 - [[223]] |- | Severus | 223 |- | [[Appius Claudius Iulianus]] | 223 - [[224]] |- | --- | --- |- | [[Pupienus|Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus]] | circa annum 234 |- | --- | --- |- | Sabinus | ? - [[238]] |- | --- | --- |- | [[Lucius Egnatius Victor Lollianus]]<ref>propter praefectos urbi annis 254 ad usque 268 vide: John Bray, Gallienus, Kent Town, Australia 1997</ref> | [[254]] |- | [[Lucius Valerius Claudius Maximus Acilius Priscilianus]] | [[255]] |- | [[Marcus Nummius Attidius Senecio Albinus]] | [[256]] |- | [[Gaius Iunius Donatus]] | [[257]] |- | [[Publius Cornelius Saecularis]] | [[258]] - [[260]] |- | [[Marcus Nummius Attidius Senecio Albinus]] II | [[261]] - [[263]] |- | [[Paternus (consul 268)|Paternus]] | [[264]] - [[266]] |- | [[Lucius Petronius Taurus Volusianus]] | [[267]] - [[268]] |- | [[Flavius Antiochianus]] | [[269]] - [[270]] |- | [[Tiberius Pomponius Bassus]] | 270 - [[271]] |- | [[Titus Flavius Postumius Varus]] | 271 - [[272]] |- | Flavius Antiochianus II | 272 - [[273]] |- | [[Virius Orfitus]] | 273 - [[274]] |- | [[Postumius Suagrus]] | [[275]] |- | [[Ovinius Pacatianus]] | [[276]] - [[277]] |- |[[Virius Lupus]] | [[278]] - [[281]] |- | [[Paternus (consul 267)|Ovinius Paternus]] | 281 - [[282]] |- | [[Pomponius Victorianus]] | 282 |- | [[Titucius Roburrus]] | [[283]] |- | [[Ceionius Varus]] | [[284]] - [[285]] |- | [[Marcus Iunius Maximus]] | [[286]] - [[287]] |- | [[Pomponius Ianuarianus]] | [[288]] - [[289]] |- | [[Lucius Turranius Gratianus]] | 290 - [[291]] |- | [[Gaius Iunius Tiberianus (consul 291)|Gaius Iunius Tiberianus]] | [[21 Februarii]] 291 - [[3 Augusti]] [[292]] |- | [[Septimius Acindynus (praefectus urbi)|Septimius Acindynus]] | [[13 Martii]] [[293]] - [[10 Ianuarii]] [[295]] |- | [[Titus Claudius Marcus Aurelius Aristobulus]] | [[11 Ianuarii]] 295 - [[18 Februarii]] [[296]] |- | [[Cassius Dio (consul 291)|Cassius Dio]] | 18 Februarii 296 - [[297]] |- | [[Afranius Hannibalianus]] | 297 - [[298]] |- | [[Lucius Artorius Pius Maximus]] | 298 - [[299]] |- | [[Marcus Iunius Caesonius Nicomachus Anicius Faustus Paulinus]] | 299 - [[1 Martii]] [[300]] |- | [[Pompeius Appius Faustinus]] | 1 Martii 300 - [[301]] |- | [[Lucius Aelius Helvius Dionysius]] | 301 - [[19 Februarii]] [[302]] |- | [[Marcus Nummius Tuscus (consul 295)|Marcus Nummius Tuscus]] | [[19 Februarii]] [[302]] - [[12 Septembris]] [[303]] |- | [[Gaius Iunius Tiberianus]] | 303 - [[304]] |- | [[Aradius Rufinus]] I | 304 - [[12 Februarii]] [[305]] |- | [[Titus Flavius Postumius Titianus]] | 12 Februarii 305 - [[19 Martii]] [[306]] |- | [[Gaius Annius Anullinus]] I | 19 Martii 306 - [[27 Augusti]] [[307]] |- | [[Attius Insteius Tertullus]] | 307 - [[27 Augusti]] [[308]] |- | [[Statius Rufinus]] | 308 - [[13 Aprilis]] [[309]] |- | [[Aurelius Hermogenes]] | 309 - [[310]] |- | [[Gaius Ceionius Rufius Volusianus]] I | [[28 Octobris]] 310 - 28 Octobris [[311]] |- | [[Neratius Iunius Flavianus]] | 28 Octobris 311 - [[9 Februarii]] [[312]] |- | Aradius Rufinus II | 9 Februarii 312 - [[27 Octobris]] 312 |- | [[Gaius Annius Anullinus]] II | 27 Octobris 312 - [[29 Novembris]] 312 |- | Aradius Rufinus III | 29 Novembris 312 - [[8 Decembris]] [[313]] |- | Gaius Ceionius Rufius Volusianus II | 8 Decembris 313 - [[20 Augusti]] [[315]] |- | [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus]] | 20 Augusti 315 - [[4 Augusti]] [[316]] |- | [[Ovinius Gallicanus]] | 4 Augusti 316 - [[15 Maii]] [[317]] |- | [[Septimius Bassus]] | 15 Maii 317 - [[1 Septembris]] [[319]] |- | [[Lucius Valerius Maximus Basilius]] | 319 - [[323]] |- | [[Locrius Verinus]] | [[13 Septembris]] [[323]] – [[4 Ianuarii]] [[325]] |- | [[Acilius Severus]] | [[4 Ianuarii]] [[325]] - [[13 Novembris]] [[326]] |- | [[Amnius Anicius Iulianus]] | 13 Novembris 326 - [[8 Septembris]] [[329]] |- | [[Publilius Optatianus Porphyrius]] I | 8 Septembris 329 - [[9 Octobris]] 329 |- | [[Petronius Probianus]] | 9 Octobris 329 - [[12 Aprilis]] [[331]] |- | [[Sextus Anicius Faustus Paulinus]] | 12 Aprilis 331 - [[7 Aprilis]] [[333]] |- | Publilius Optatianus Porphyrius II | 8 Aprilis 333 - [[11 Maii]] 333 |- | [[Marcus Caeionius Iulianus Camenius]] | 11 Maii 333 - [[27 Aprilis]] [[334]] |- | [[Amnius Manius Caesonius Nicomachus Anicius Paulinus|Amnius Manius Caesonius Nicomachus Anicius Paulinus Iunior Honorius]] | 27 Aprilis 334 - [[30 Decembris]] [[335]] |- | [[Caeionius Rufius Albinus]] | 30 Decembris 335 - [[10 Martii]] [[337]] |- | [[Lucius Aradius Valerius Proculus]] I | 10 Martii 337 - [[13 Ianuarii]] [[338]] |- | [[Mecilius Hilarianus]] | 13 Ianuarii 338 - [[14 Iulii]] [[339]] |- | [[Lucius Turcius Apronianus]] | 14 Iulii 339 - [[25 Octobris]] 339 |- | [[Gaius Maesius Aquillius Fabius Titianus]] | 25 Octobris 339 - [[27 Februarii]] [[341]] |- | [[Aurelius Celsinus]] I | 27 Februarii 341 - [[1 Aprilis]] [[342]] |- | [[Quintus Flavius Maesius Egnatius Lollianus]] | 1 Aprilis 342 - [[7 Iulii]] 342 |- | [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius]] | 7 Iulii 342 - [[12 Aprilis]] [[344]] |- | [[Quintus Rusticus]] | 12 Aprilis 344 - [[5 Iulii]] [[345]] |- | [[Probinus Petronius]] | 5 Iulii 345 - [[26 Decembris]] [[346]] |- | [[Marcus Maecius Memmius Furius Baburius Caecilianus Placidus]] | 26 Decembris 346 - [[13 Iunii]] [[347]] |- | [[Ulpius Limenius]] | 13 Iunii 347 - [[11 Aprilis]] [[349]] |- | [[Hermogenes]] | 11 Aprilis 349 - [[27 Februarii]] [[350]] |- | Gaius Maesius Aquillius Fabius Titianus II | 27 Februarii 350 - [[1 Martii]] [[351]] |- | Aurelius Celsinus II | 1 Martii 351 - [[12 Maii]] 351 |- | [[Caelius Probatus]] | 12 Maii 351 - [[7 Iunii]] 351 |- | [[Clodius Celsinus Adelphius]] | 7 Iunii 351 - [[18 Decembris]] 351 |- | Lucius Aradius Valerius Proculus II | 18 Decembris 351 - [[9 Septembris]] [[352]] |- | [[Septimius Mnasea]] | [[9 Septembris]] 352 - [[26 Septembris]] 352 |- | [[Neratius Cerealis]] | 26 Septembris 352 - [[8 Decembris]] [[353]] |- | [[Memmius Vitrasius Orfitus]] | [[8 Decembris]] [[353]] - 25 Martii [[359]] |- | [[Iunius Bassus signo Theotecnius]] | [[25 Martii]] 359 - [[25 Augusti]] 359 |- | [[Tertullus]] | 359 - [[361]] |- | [[Valerius Maximus Basilius]] | 361 - [[21 Ianuarii]] [[362]] |- | [[Lucius Turcius Apronianus Asterius]] | [[9 Decembris]] 362 - [[364]] |- | [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]] | [[22 Aprilis]] [[364]] - [[9 Martii]] [[365]] |- | [[Gaius Ceionius Rufius Volusianus Lampadius]] | [[7 Aprilis]] 365 - [[17 Septembris]] 365 |- | [[Viventius]] | October 365 ̠- Maius 367 |- | [[Vettius Agorius Praetextatus]] | [[30 Augusti]] [[367]] - [[20 Septembris]] [[368]] |- | [[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius]] | 368 - [[370]] |- |-- |-- |- | [[Flavius Hypatius]] | 377 - 378 |- |-- |-- |- | [[Anicius Auchenius Bassus (praefectus urbi)|Anicius Auchenius Bassus]] | [[22 Novembris]] [[382]] - [[25 Augusti]] [[383]] |- |-- |-- |- | [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] | [[384]] - [[385]] |- | [[Sextus Aurelius Victor]] | [[388]] - [[389]] |- | [[Ceionius Rufius Albinus (praefectus urbi)|Ceionius Rufius Albinus]] | [[389]] - [[391]] |- | --- | --- |- | [[Caecina Decius Albinus]] | [[402]] |- | --- | --- |- | [[Flavius Pisidius Romulus (praefectus urbi Romae)|Flavius Pisidius Romulus]] | [[406]] |- | [[Priscus Attalus]] | [[409]] |- | [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]] | [[414]] |- | [[Caecina Decius Aginatius Albinus (praefectus)|Caecina Decius Aginatius Albinus]] | [[414]] - [[415]] |- | --- | --- |- | [[Petronius Maximus]] | [[419]] |- | --- | --- |- |[[Anicius Acilius Glabrio Faustus]] |anno ignoto inter annos 408 et 423 |- | --- | --- |- |[[Anicius Acilius Glabrio Faustus]] II |[[425]] |- | --- | --- |- |[[Anicius Acilius Glabrio Faustus]] III |anno ignoto inter annos 425 et 437 |- | --- | --- |- | [[Petronius Maximus]] | [[433]] |- | --- | --- |- | [[Flavius Rufius Opilio]] | incerto tempore inter annos [[450]] et [[453]] |- | --- | --- |- | [[Flavius Messius Phoebus Severus]] | [[470]] |- | --- | --- |- | [[Anicius Acilius Aginantius Faustus Iunior]] | inter annos [[472]] et [[483]] |- | --- | --- |- | [[Flavius Caecina Decius Maximus Basilius Iunior]] | [[484]] |- | [[Quintus Aurelius Memmius Symmachus Iunior]] | [[485]] |- | [[Caecina Mavortius Basilius Decius Iunior]] | [[486]] |- | [[Flavius Manlius Boethius]] II | [[487]] |- | [[Claudius Iulius Ecclesius Dynamius]] | [[488]] |- | [[Rufius Achilius Sividius]] II | 488 |- | --- | --- |- | [[Anicius Acilius Aginantius Faustus Iunior]] II | [[502]] - [[503]] |- | --- | --- |- | [[Flavius Agapitus]] | [[508]] - [[509]] |} == Plura legere si cupis... == * Andreas Chastagnol, ''Les fastes de la préfecture de Rome au Bas-Empire''. Parisiis : Nouvelles éditions latines, 1962. (Études prosopographiques ; 2) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1963_num_32_1_1371_t1_0340_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://books.google.fr/books?id=HYXlelRbfoMC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] ** -''La préfecture urbaine à Rome sous le Bas-Empire''. Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 1960. (Publications de la Faculté des lettres et sciences humaines d'Alger ; 34) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/jds_0021-8103_1965_num_3_1_1113 Recensio critica] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Munera magistratuum Romanorum]] iz7b1aedvxr8swuhiahywkj40ere4dn Villa Sancti Odorici 0 66971 3965095 3570962 2026-06-15T18:08:26Z Lesgles 13285 paginam rescripsi 3965095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fanum Sancti Ulderici (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Dolina(TS).jpg|thumb|Prospectus municipii Sancti Odorici]] '''Sanctus Odoricus'''<ref>''Villa Sancti Odorici'' in documentis Tergestinis iam saeculo XIV reperitur. Archiva Tergestina apud [http://triestestoria.altervista.org/chiese/sandorligo.html triestestoria.altervista.org]</ref> ([[Italiane]] ''San Dorligo della Valle'', [[Slovene]] ''Dolina'', id est "vallis") est [[municipia Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, in regione [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Fori Iulii et Venetiae Iuliae]] situm, in [[provincia Tergestina|provincia Tergestina]], cui sunt fere sex milia incolarum. Municipium orientalissimum est totius Italiae septentrionalis. Territorium eius in duas partes distinctas dividitur: maior pars in [[Histria]] sita, in valle quae ''Breg'' appellatur, minor vero in planitie Carsica ad septentrionem. Oppidum ex sancto [[Huldericus (episcopus Augustensis)|Hulderico]], episcopi [[Augusta Vindelicorum|Augustensi]], patroni loci, nominatum est. Anno [[1923]] decreto regio nomen ''San Dorligo della Valle'' declaratum est, quod conversionem nominis Sloveni incorporat. Duabus linguis utitur municipium, Italiana et Slovena, quarum haec inter incolas longe praevalet. Historia municipii antiquissima est: vestigia cultus [[Histri|Histrorum]] et [[praesidium|praesidii]] Romani ibi reperta sunt, et per saecula medii aevi vallis districtus proprius fuit, ab urbe [[Tergeste|Tergestensi]] independens, cuius caput erat castellum Moccò. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.sandorligo-dolina.it/ Situs Publicus] {{ling|Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Dolina (Italy)|Sanctum Huldericum}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Tergestis]] [[Categoria:Urbes et Municipia Histriae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Italica Linguae Slovenae]] l83gvcnpqrr0szde0o8rbdocxclxcak 3965096 3965095 2026-06-15T18:08:40Z Lesgles 13285 Lesgles movit paginam [[Sanctus Huldericus (Italia)]] ad [[Sanctus Odoricus]]: vide fontem 3965095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fanum Sancti Ulderici (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Dolina(TS).jpg|thumb|Prospectus municipii Sancti Odorici]] '''Sanctus Odoricus'''<ref>''Villa Sancti Odorici'' in documentis Tergestinis iam saeculo XIV reperitur. Archiva Tergestina apud [http://triestestoria.altervista.org/chiese/sandorligo.html triestestoria.altervista.org]</ref> ([[Italiane]] ''San Dorligo della Valle'', [[Slovene]] ''Dolina'', id est "vallis") est [[municipia Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, in regione [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Fori Iulii et Venetiae Iuliae]] situm, in [[provincia Tergestina|provincia Tergestina]], cui sunt fere sex milia incolarum. Municipium orientalissimum est totius Italiae septentrionalis. Territorium eius in duas partes distinctas dividitur: maior pars in [[Histria]] sita, in valle quae ''Breg'' appellatur, minor vero in planitie Carsica ad septentrionem. Oppidum ex sancto [[Huldericus (episcopus Augustensis)|Hulderico]], episcopi [[Augusta Vindelicorum|Augustensi]], patroni loci, nominatum est. Anno [[1923]] decreto regio nomen ''San Dorligo della Valle'' declaratum est, quod conversionem nominis Sloveni incorporat. Duabus linguis utitur municipium, Italiana et Slovena, quarum haec inter incolas longe praevalet. Historia municipii antiquissima est: vestigia cultus [[Histri|Histrorum]] et [[praesidium|praesidii]] Romani ibi reperta sunt, et per saecula medii aevi vallis districtus proprius fuit, ab urbe [[Tergeste|Tergestensi]] independens, cuius caput erat castellum Moccò. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.sandorligo-dolina.it/ Situs Publicus] {{ling|Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Dolina (Italy)|Sanctum Huldericum}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Tergestis]] [[Categoria:Urbes et Municipia Histriae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Italica Linguae Slovenae]] l83gvcnpqrr0szde0o8rbdocxclxcak 3965098 3965096 2026-06-15T18:10:10Z Lesgles 13285 Forum Iulium et Venetia Iulia 3965098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fanum Sancti Ulderici (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Dolina(TS).jpg|thumb|Prospectus municipii Sancti Odorici]] '''Sanctus Odoricus'''<ref>''Villa Sancti Odorici'' in documentis Tergestinis iam saeculo XIV reperitur. Archiva Tergestina apud [http://triestestoria.altervista.org/chiese/sandorligo.html triestestoria.altervista.org]</ref> ([[Italiane]] ''San Dorligo della Valle'', [[Slovene]] ''Dolina'', id est "vallis") est [[municipia Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, in regione [[Forum Iulium et Venetia Iulia|Fori Iulii et Venetiae Iuliae]] situm, in [[provincia Tergestina|provincia Tergestina]], cui sunt fere sex milia incolarum. Municipium orientalissimum est totius Italiae septentrionalis. Territorium eius in duas partes distinctas dividitur: maior pars in [[Histria]] sita, in valle quae ''Breg'' appellatur, minor vero in planitie Carsica ad septentrionem. Oppidum ex sancto [[Huldericus (episcopus Augustensis)|Hulderico]], episcopi [[Augusta Vindelicorum|Augustensi]], patroni loci, nominatum est. Anno [[1923]] decreto regio nomen ''San Dorligo della Valle'' declaratum est, quod conversionem nominis Sloveni incorporat. Duabus linguis utitur municipium, Italiana et Slovena, quarum haec inter incolas longe praevalet. Historia municipii antiquissima est: vestigia cultus [[Histri|Histrorum]] et [[praesidium|praesidii]] Romani ibi reperta sunt, et per saecula medii aevi vallis districtus proprius fuit, ab urbe [[Tergeste|Tergestensi]] independens, cuius caput erat castellum Moccò. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.sandorligo-dolina.it/ Situs Publicus] {{ling|Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Dolina (Italy)|Sanctum Huldericum}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Tergestis]] [[Categoria:Urbes et Municipia Histriae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Italica Linguae Slovenae]] rdv46m2rasewg2d9xioh8v3d2txj3q9 3965099 3965098 2026-06-15T18:11:23Z Lesgles 13285 3965099 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fanum Sancti Ulderici (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Dolina(TS).jpg|thumb|Prospectus municipii Sancti Odorici]] '''Sanctus Odoricus'''<ref>''Villa Sancti Odorici'' in documentis Tergestinis iam saeculo XIV reperitur. Archiva Tergestina apud [http://triestestoria.altervista.org/chiese/sandorligo.html triestestoria.altervista.org]</ref> ([[Italiane]] ''San Dorligo della Valle'', [[Slovene]] ''Dolina'', id est "vallis") est [[municipia Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, in regione [[Forum Iulium et Venetia Iulia|Fori Iulii et Venetiae Iuliae]] et [[provincia Tergestina|provincia Tergestina]] situm, cui sunt fere sex milia incolarum. Municipium orientalissimum est totius Italiae septentrionalis. Territorium eius in duas partes distinctas dividitur: maior pars in [[Histria]] sita, in valle quae ''Breg'' appellatur, minor vero in planitie Carsica ad septentrionem. Oppidum ex sancto [[Huldericus (episcopus Augustensis)|Hulderico]], episcopi [[Augusta Vindelicorum|Augustensi]], patroni loci, nominatum est. Anno [[1923]] decreto regio nomen ''San Dorligo della Valle'' declaratum est, quod conversionem nominis Sloveni incorporat. Duabus linguis utitur municipium, Italiana et Slovena, quarum haec inter incolas longe praevalet. Historia municipii antiquissima est: vestigia cultus [[Histri|Histrorum]] et [[praesidium|praesidii]] Romani ibi reperta sunt, et per saecula medii aevi vallis districtus proprius fuit, ab urbe [[Tergeste|Tergestensi]] independens, cuius caput erat castellum Moccò. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.sandorligo-dolina.it/ Situs Publicus] {{ling|Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Dolina (Italy)|Sanctum Huldericum}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Tergestis]] [[Categoria:Urbes et Municipia Histriae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Italica Linguae Slovenae]] p9kfu0eh2xbrvhmv9lpyz4w5l6yrnuj 3965100 3965099 2026-06-15T18:12:24Z Lesgles 13285 3965100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fanum Sancti Ulderici (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Dolina(TS).jpg|thumb|Prospectus municipii Sancti Odorici]] '''Sanctus Odoricus'''<ref>''Villa Sancti Odorici'' in documentis Tergestinis iam saeculo XIV reperitur. Archiva Tergestina apud [http://triestestoria.altervista.org/chiese/sandorligo.html triestestoria.altervista.org]</ref> ([[Italiane]] ''San Dorligo della Valle'', [[Slovene]] ''Dolina'', id est "vallis") est [[municipia Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, in regione [[Forum Iulium et Venetia Iulia|Fori Iulii et Venetiae Iuliae]] et [[provincia Tergestina|provincia Tergestina]] situm, cui sunt fere sex milia incolarum. Municipium orientalissimum est totius Italiae septentrionalis. Territorium eius in duas partes distinctas dividitur: maior pars in [[Histria]] sita, in valle quae ''Breg'' appellatur, minor vero in planitie [[Carstum|Carsto]] ad septentrionem. Oppidum ex sancto [[Huldericus (episcopus Augustensis)|Hulderico]], episcopi [[Augusta Vindelicorum|Augustensi]], patroni loci, nominatum est. Anno [[1923]] decreto regio nomen ''San Dorligo della Valle'' declaratum est, quod conversionem nominis Sloveni incorporat. Duabus linguis utitur municipium, Italiana et Slovena, quarum haec inter incolas longe praevalet. Historia municipii antiquissima est: vestigia cultus [[Histri|Histrorum]] et [[praesidium|praesidii]] Romani ibi reperta sunt, et per saecula medii aevi vallis districtus proprius fuit, ab urbe [[Tergeste|Tergestensi]] independens, cuius caput erat castellum Moccò. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.sandorligo-dolina.it/ Situs Publicus] {{ling|Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Dolina (Italy)|Sanctum Huldericum}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Tergestis]] [[Categoria:Urbes et Municipia Histriae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Italica Linguae Slovenae]] lhcv1050rd51nl2rda8k12neqvztyvk Gulielmus Schraml 0 77273 3965039 3964964 2026-06-15T12:25:27Z IacobusAmor 1163 3965039 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina non annexa}} [[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of Wilhelm Schraml.svg|thumb|upright=0.7|Gulielmi Schraml [[vexillum]].]] '''Gulielmus Schraml''' (natus [[Erbendorfium|Erbendorfii]]) in vico [[Germania|Germanico]] die [[26 Iunii]] [[1935]]; mortuus die [[8 Novembris]] [[2021]]) fuit [[episcopus]] [[Batavia Bavariae|Bataviae]] in [[dioecesis Passaviensis|dioecesi Passaviensi]] emeritus. == Nexus externi == * {{PND|123542030}} * {{CathHierBishop|schraml}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Archiepiscopi et episcopi Germaniae}} {{Lifetime|1935|2021|Schraml, Gulielmus}} [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Passavienses]] [[Categoria:Incolae Germaniae]] 0fr2et1m2g28eona7izc4efsuo4gq5o Henricus Thomas 0 82550 3965049 3718291 2026-06-15T14:12:43Z Pippobuono 54500 capsa et fontes 3965049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} '''Henricus Thomas''' (natus in ''[[Anglemont]]'' in praefectura [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)| Vosego]] die [[7 Decembris]] [[1912]]; Lutetiae mortuus die [[3 Novembris]] [[1993]]) fuit [[scriptor]] [[Francia| Francicus]]. Anno [[1960]] operis '' John Perkins suivi d'un scrupule '' gratia [[Praemium Médicis]] et insequenti anno operis ''Le Promontoire'' gratia [[Praemium Femina]] accepit. == Nexus externus == {{fontes biographici}} * [http://henrithomas.pbwiki.com/Pagina Henrico Thomas dicata]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{scriptor-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1912|1993|Thomas, Henricus}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]] [[Categoria:Incolae Lotharingiae]] apj9iy4s7443mn6vfyfipz2yrfo0l26 Antonius de Steichele 0 89982 3965129 2849557 2026-06-15T23:03:20Z SajoR 56247 3965129 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:München Frauenkirche Epitaph Steichele.jpg |thumb|Antonius de Steichele]] [[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of Anton von Steichele.svg|thumb]] ''' Antonius de Steichele''' (natus in ''Mertingen'' die [[22 Ianuarii]] [[1816]]; Frisingae mortuus die [[9 Octobris]] [[1889]]) fuit [[presbyter]] [[Germania|Germanicus]] et ab anno [[1878]] usque ad annum [[1889]] [[Monacum|Monaci]] et [[Frisinga]]e [[archiepiscopus]] ([[Archidioecesis Monacensis et Frisingensis]]). == Nexus externi == * {{CathHierBishop|steic}} * {{PND|117237159}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Archiepiscopi Monacenses et Frisingenses}} {{Lifetime|1816|1889|Steichele, Antonius de}} [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] [[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Monacenses et Frisingenses]] rdeah777jn9vylbkqhtp6u5dvult53n Gregorius de Scherr 0 89983 3965163 2849558 2026-06-16T03:20:37Z SajoR 56247 3965163 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Gregor von Scherr.jpg |thumb|Gregorius de Scherr]] [[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of Gregor von Scherr.svg|thumb]] ''' Gregorius de Scherr''' (natus '''Leonhard Andreas''' in ''Neunburg vorm Wald'', die [[22 Iunii]] [[1804]]; Monaci mortuus die [[24 Octobris]] [[1877]]) fuit [[benedictini|benedictinus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]] et ab anno [[1856]] usque ad annum [[1877]] [[Monacum|Monaci]] et [[Frisinga]]e [[archiepiscopus]] ([[Archidioecesis Monacensis et Frisingensis]]). == Nexus externi == * {{BBKL|s/s1/scherr_g|auctor=Stephan Haering|commentatio=SCHERR, Gregor|tomus=9|columnae=167-170}} * {{CathHierBishop|scherr}} * {{PND|119315629}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Archiepiscopi Monacenses et Frisingenses}} {{Lifetime|1804|1877|Scherr, Gregorius de}} [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] [[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Monacenses et Frisingenses]] [[Categoria:Benedictini]] om2a0y8m782303myaizjn29hvm92coo Zlatan Ibrahimović 0 94618 3965110 3806879 2026-06-15T20:57:27Z ~2026-35007-16 211009 /* */ 3965110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Zlatanus Ibrahimović''' ([[Malmogia]]e natus familia oriunda ex [[Iugoslavia]] pristina die [[3 Octobris]] [[1981]]) est [[pedilusor]] [[Suecia|Suecicus]].<ref>https://www.transfermarkt.de/zlatan-ibrahimovic/profil/spieler/3455.</ref> Oppugnator pro permultis turmis adhuc lusit: cursum pedilusoris iniit ludens pro Malmö FF.{{dubsig}} Ab anno [[2001]] turmas [[Ajax]], [[Juventus FC]], [[Internazionale]], [[FC Barcelona]], [[AC Milan]], [[Paris Saint-Germain]], [[Manchester United]] aliam alia in ordine mutavit, priusquam reliquit [[Europa]]m ad ludendum in America pro [[Los Angeles Galaxy]], ubi sui cursus quinquagentesimam portam folle fixit. Qua re, quam egregius portae venator ille sit, facile cognoscitur. Autumno anni [[2019]] palam dixit se ad Europam reversurum esse. Pro delecta turma nationis Suecicae quoque centies decies sexies lusit et sexaginta duas portas fixit, quem numerum nullus pedilusor Suecicus usquam adaequare potuit. In matrimonium duxit anno [[2007]] Helenam Seger, ex qua habet duos filios. Sunt, qui Ibrahimovic inter optimos lusores historiae pediludii ponant, prae omnibus ipse. Plurimae fabulae narrantur, quae eius superbiam iocose testificantur; ante quendam ludum, ut dicam exemplum, "Quae turma", inquit, "ad [[Certamen mundanum pedilusorium|certamen pediludii mundanum]] perventura sit, nemo scit, nisi Deus" et, cum aliquis, qui aderat, id concedens se Deum interrogare nequire contendit, Ibrahimovic respondit: "Cur? Hoc temporis cum eo colloqueris!"<ref>https://www.welt.de/sport/fussball/wm-2014/article122011277/Gott-Sie-sprechen-doch-gerade-mit-ihm.html.</ref> Propter hanc superbiam et quasi ridiculam insolentiam ab aliis amatur, aliis odio est. Ibrahimović cessavit in 2023. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Zlatan Ibrahimović}} * [http://www.weltfussball.de/spieler_profil/zlatan-ibrahimovic/ Pedilusoris statisticae] {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1981||Ibrahimović, Zlatan}} [[Categoria:Pedilusores Sueciae]] morn4ave3iq7ingsvwaj0zewzr698h2 Icosahedron 0 114359 3965134 3718830 2026-06-15T23:53:22Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965134 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Icosahedron.svg|thumb|Icosahedrum.]] '''Icosahedron''' vel '''icosahedrum'''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192818/http://www.dm.unipi.it/gauss-pages/maurolic/edizioni/euclide/solidi/eucl14/eucl14-39f.htm "Dodecahedri solidum ad icosahedri solidum, in eadem sphaera, est sicut dodecahedri superficies ad icosahedri superficiem."]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=KRtetV1MJnkC&pg=PA307&lpg=PA307&dq=tetrahedrum+corpus&source=bl&ots=s2RR3AxbO1&sig=Uk8eO8ABEw4-zBTPLSKBc4LOSY8&hl=de&sa=X&ei=l7V6T_ugN4bCswbbrMX8AQ&ved=0CCIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=tetrahedrum%20corpus&f=false Ioannis Caramuelis Mathesis biceps: vetus et nova von Juan Caramuel de Lobkowitz]</ref><ref name=”Saalfeld1884”>Saalfeld, G.A.E.A. (1884). ''Tensaurus Italograecus. Ausführliches historisch-kritisches Wörterbuch der Griechischen Lehn- und Fremdwörter im Lateinischen.'' Wien: Druck und Verlag von Carl Gerold's Sohn, Buchhändler der Kaiserl. Akademie der Wissenschaften.</ref> vel '''icosahedrus'''<ref>[http://www.maurolico.unipi.it/edizioni/arithmet/ariduo/ari1/ari1-93.htm Francisci Maurolyci Opera Mathematica]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> est unum ex quinque [[corpus Platonicum|corporibus Platonicis]]. ==Nota== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> {{Figurae Platonicae}} {{geometria-stipula}} [[Categoria:Corpora Platonica]] m0sgnp1n1hqgihw75otbgfwvtwpal6a Elisabeth Kübler-Ross 0 115549 3965102 3885623 2026-06-15T18:28:11Z Kurtis Pallathana 210999 [[File:Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, 1978 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (1978).]] 3965102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, 1978 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Elisabeth Kübler-Ross (1978).]] '''Elisabeth Kübler-Ross''' (nata die [[8 Iulii]] [[1926]] [[Turicum|Turici]] in Helvetia; et vita functa die [[24 Augusti]] [[2004]] urbe [[Scottsdale]], [[Arizona]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]]) erat [[psychiatria|psychiatra]] atque [[psychologia|psychologa]] natione [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americana]]. == Opera == Praecipue nota propter studia sua de [[Mors|morte]] atque de hominibus qui sicut [[Er]] platonicus dicuntur mortuos fuisse et ad vitam, post iter mirum, revenisse. Eius opera et indagationes doctrinam theologi [[Belgia|Belgae]] [[Alanus Guillaume|Alani Guillaume]] multum sollicitaverunt qui descriptionem passionis et agoniae [[Iesus|Iesu]] cum quinque gradibus mortis ab Elisabeth Kübler-Ross descriptis comparat. {{NexInt}} * [[Alanus Guillaume]] == Nexus externus == * {{LHH|14441}} (2007). {{Lifetime|1926|2004|Kubler-Ross, Elisabeth}} [[Categoria:Incolae pagi Turicensis]] [[Categoria:Psychiatri Civitatum Foederatarum]] rmqc3q5vsvvkvgr7ol2upchkoec572s Reticulum 0 119001 3965136 1515677 2026-06-16T00:33:31Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 Mutatur pagina redirectionis in paginam discretivam 3965136 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[Reticulum (mathematica)|Reticulum computatrale]] * [[Reticulum (mathematica)]] * [[Reticulum endoplasmaticum]] * [[Reticulum (constellatio)]] __DISAMBIG__ dw0hn9a8qgmi8zxysiiv7w7zwog02gx 3965154 3965136 2026-06-16T02:59:18Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 vicificatio paginae discretivae 3965154 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[Reticulum computatrale]] * [[Reticulum (mathematica)]] * [[Reticulum endoplasmaticum]]: structura [[Cellula|cellularis]] eukaryotica, quae [[metabolismus|metabolismum]] regulat * [[Reticulum (constellatio)]]: constellatio in caelo australi, [[ascensio recta|ascensionem rectam]] habens inter 3 horas 13 minutas et 4 horas 37 minutas et [[declinationem]] habens inter -67° et -52° __DISAMBIG__ hxc9k49e6mbbkhawj1nxe0lih1sou76 3965155 3965154 2026-06-16T03:02:05Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 3965155 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[Reticulum computatrale]]: structura nexuum inter computatra * [[Reticulum (mathematica)]]: structura mathematica, generalizans algebras Booleanas, algebras subcopiarum copiae, algebras substructurarum structurae algebraicae, etc. * [[Reticulum endoplasmaticum]]: structura [[Cellula|cellularis]] eukaryotica, quae [[metabolismus|metabolismum]] regulat * [[Reticulum (constellatio)]]: constellatio in caelo australi, [[ascensio recta|ascensionem rectam]] habens inter 3 horas 13 minutas et 4 horas 37 minutas et [[declinationem]] habens inter -67° et -52° __DISAMBIG__ 3niq1ehty9kj4j3bi53trq23a375n1a 3965156 3965155 2026-06-16T03:04:52Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 completur vicificatio et recensitur de mathematico reticulo 3965156 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Reticulum'' potest significare: * [[Reticulum computatrale]]: structura nexuum inter computatra * [[Reticulum (mathematica)]]: structura mathematica {{Convertimus|formalizans|barbarice=formalizing}} conceptum inclusionis, disjunctionis, et {{Convertimus|conjunctionis|barbarice=conjunction}} * [[Reticulum endoplasmaticum]]: structura [[Cellula|cellularis]] eukaryotica, quae [[metabolismus|metabolismum]] regulat * [[Reticulum (constellatio)]]: constellatio in caelo australi, [[ascensio recta|ascensionem rectam]] habens inter 3 horas 13 minutas et 4 horas 37 minutas et [[declinationem]] habens inter -67° et -52° __DISAMBIG__ gobko1vwm397kbatpdnevz82n2cges5 3965157 3965156 2026-06-16T03:06:20Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 recensitur de constellatione 3965157 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Reticulum'' potest significare: * [[Reticulum computatrale]]: structura nexuum inter computatra * [[Reticulum (mathematica)]]: structura mathematica {{Convertimus|formalizans|barbarice=formalizing}} conceptum inclusionis, disjunctionis, et {{Convertimus|conjunctionis|barbarice=conjunction}} * [[Reticulum endoplasmaticum]]: structura [[Cellula|cellularis]] eukaryotica, quae [[metabolismus|metabolismum]] regulat * [[Reticulum (constellatio)]]: constellatio in caelo australi, cum [[ascensio recta|ascensione recta]] 3 h 13 m–4 h 37 m et [[declinatio|declinatione]] -67°–-52° __DISAMBIG__ 7kyastyr7mqfva8yyyzwkpm6sb7t7z0 3965158 3965157 2026-06-16T03:07:43Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 Additur sectio "Notae" continendo referentia 3965158 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Reticulum'' potest significare: * [[Reticulum computatrale]]: structura nexuum inter computatra * [[Reticulum (mathematica)]]: structura mathematica {{Convertimus|formalizans|barbarice=formalizing}} conceptum inclusionis, disjunctionis, et {{Convertimus|conjunctionis|barbarice=conjunction}} * [[Reticulum endoplasmaticum]]: structura [[Cellula|cellularis]] eukaryotica, quae [[metabolismus|metabolismum]] regulat * [[Reticulum (constellatio)]]: constellatio in caelo australi, cum [[ascensio recta|ascensione recta]] 3 h 13 m–4 h 37 m et [[declinatio|declinatione]] -67°–-52° __DISAMBIG__ == Notae == <references /> 5rtpishdbqshkwxxjd0o5kh9rzvkyai 3965164 3965158 2026-06-16T03:30:55Z Grufo 64423 Formulam {{[[Formula:Convertimus|Convertimus]]}} removi: non necesse est “formalizare” explicare, etiamsi sunt qui has locutiones tardas non amant—fortasse verbum classicius tandem invenietur; formulam {{[[Formula:Pagina discretiva|Pagina discretiva]]}} addidi; iussum mediavicialem ‘[[:mw:Help:Magic words#DISAMBIG|__DISAMBIG__]]’ removi 3965164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva}} {{res|Reticulum}} potest significare: * [[Reticulum computatrale]]: structura nexuum inter computatra * [[Reticulum (mathematica)]]: structura mathematica conceptum inclusionis, disjunctionis, et conjunctionis formalizans * [[Reticulum endoplasmaticum]]: structura [[Cellula|cellularis]] eukaryotica, quae [[metabolismus|metabolismum]] regulat * [[Reticulum (constellatio)]]: constellatio in caelo australi, cum [[ascensio recta|ascensione recta]] 3 h 13 m–4 h 37 m et [[declinatio|declinatione]] -67°–-52° jnzae3ser1himjvw2ui09324xfwtify 3965192 3965164 2026-06-16T11:52:22Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 corrigitur error 3965192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva}} {{res|Reticulum}} potest significare: * [[Reticulum computatrale]]: structura nexuum inter computatra * [[Reticulum (mathematica)]]: structura mathematica conceptum inclusionis, disjunctionis, et conjunctionis formalizans * [[Reticulum endoplasmaticum]]: structura [[Cellula|cellularis]] eukaryotica, quae [[proteina|proteinas]] regulat * [[Reticulum (constellatio)]]: constellatio in caelo australi, cum [[ascensio recta|ascensione recta]] 3 h 13 m–4 h 37 m et [[declinatio|declinatione]] -67°–-52° clkg9sm1oy4v37q1i8csh9s8xox4w3h Index communium praefecturae Vosegi 0 123776 3965052 3964535 2026-06-15T14:22:58Z Pippobuono 54500 nomen latine 3965052 wikitext text/x-wiki Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 515 numero. [[Fasciculus:Vosges-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]] [[Fasciculus: Senones vu du Petit Paris.jpg|thumb|Despectus in ''[[ Senones ]]'']] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88001 | 88270 | [[Les Ableuvenettes]] |- | 88002 | 88500 | [[Ahéville]] |- | 88003 | 88140 | [[Aingeville]] |- | 88004 | 88320 | [[Ainvelle (Vosegus)|Ainvelle]] |- | 88005 | 88110 | [[Allarmont]] |- | 88006 | 88500 | [[Ambacuria]] |- | 88007 | 88410 | [[Ameuvelle]] |- | 88008 | 88700 | [[Anglemont]] |- | 88009 | 88650 | [[Anould]] |- | 88010 | 88170 | [[Aouze]] |- | 88011 | 88380 | [[Arches (Vosegus)|Arches]] |- | 88012 | 88380 | [[Archettes]] |- | 88013 | 88170 | [[Aroffe]] |- | 88014 | 88430 | [[Arrentès-de-Corcieux]] |- | 88015 | 88300 | [[Attignéville]] |- | 88016 | 88260 | [[Attigny (Vosegus)|Attigny]] |- | 88017 | 88300 | [[Aulnois]] |- | 88018 | 88640 | [[Aumontzey]] |- | 88019 | 88300 | [[Autigny-la-Tour]] |- | 88020 | 88300 | [[Autreville (Vosegus)|Autreville]] |- | 88021 | 88700 | [[Autrey (Vosegus)|Autrey]] |- | 88022 | 88140 | [[Auzainvilliers]] |- | 88023 | 88500 | [[Avillers (Vosegus)|Avillers]] |- | 88024 | 88130 | [[Avrainville (Vosegus)|Avrainville]] |- | 88025 | 88630 | [[Avranville]] |- | 88026 | 88600 | [[Aydoilles]] |- | 88027 | 88330 | [[Badménil-aux-Bois]] |- | 88028 | 88460 | [[La Baffe]] |- | 88029 | 88240 | [[Bains-les-Bains]] |- | 88030 | 88270 | [[Bainville-aux-Saules]] |- | 88031 | 88170 | [[Balléville]] |- | 88032 | 88520 | [[Ban-de-Laveline]] |- | 88033 | 88210 | [[Ban-de-Sapt]] |- | 88106 | 88230 | [[Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy]] |- | 88035 | 88640 | [[Barbey-Seroux]] |- | 88036 | 88300 | [[Barville (Vosegus)|Barville]] |- | 88037 | 88120 | [[Basse-sur-le-Rupt]] |- | 88038 | 88130 | [[Battexey]] |- | 88039 | 88500 | [[Baudricourt]] |- | 88040 | 88150 | [[Bayecourt]] |- | 88041 | 88270 | [[Bazegney]] |- | 88042 | 88700 | [[Bazien]] |- | 88043 | 88500 | [[Bazoilles-et-Ménil]] |- | 88044 | 88300 | [[Bazoilles-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88045 | 88300 | [[Beaufremont]] |- | 88046 | 88600 | [[Beauménil]] |- | 88047 | 88270 | [[Begnécourt]] |- | 88048 | 88370 | [[Bellefontaine (Vosegus)|Bellefontaine]] |- | 88049 | 88260 | [[Belmont-lès-Darney]] |- | 88050 | 88600 | [[Belmont-sur-Buttant]] |- | 88051 | 88800 | [[Belmont-sur-Vair]] |- | 88052 | 88260 | [[Belrupt]] |- | 88053 | 88210 | [[Belval (Vosegus)|Belval]] |- | 88054 | 88520 | [[Bertrimoutier]] |- | 88055 | 88450 | [[Bettegney-Saint-Brice]] |- | 88056 | 88500 | [[Bettoncourt]] |- | 88057 | 88490 | [[Le Beulay]] |- | 88058 | 88170 | [[Biécourt]] |- | 88059 | 88430 | [[Biffontaine]] |- | 88060 | 88500 | [[Blémerey (Vosegus)|Blémerey]] |- | 88061 | 88410 | [[Bleurville]] |- | 88062 | 88320 | [[Blevaincourt]] |- | 88063 | 88270 | [[Bocquegney]] |- | 88064 | 88600 | [[Bois-de-Champ]] |- | 88065 | 88260 | [[Bonvillet]] |- | 88066 | 88500 | [[Boulaincourt]] |- | 88068 | 88470 | [[La Bourgonce]] |- | 88069 | 88270 | [[Bouxières-aux-Bois]] |- | 88070 | 88130 | [[Bouxurulles]] |- | 88071 | 88270 | [[Bouzemont]] |- | 88073 | 88130 | [[Brantigny]] |- | 88074 | 88350 | [[Brechainville]] |- | 88075 | 88250 | [[La Bresse]] |- | 88076 | 88600 | [[Brouvelieures]] |- | 88077 | 88700 | [[Brû]] |- | 88078 | 88600 | [[Bruyères]] |- | 88079 | 88140 | [[Boloniacivilla]] |- | 88080 | 88700 | [[Bult]] |- | 88081 | 88540 | [[Bussang]] |- | 88082 | 88110 | [[Celles-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88083 | 88300 | [[Certilleux]] |- | 88084 | 88130 | [[Chamagne]] |- | 88085 | 88640 | [[Champdray]] |- | 88086 | 88600 | [[Ducis Campus|Champ-le-Duc]] |- | 88087 | 88000 | [[Chantraine (commune)|Chantraine]] |- | 88088 | 88240 | [[La Chapelle-aux-Bois]] |- | 88089 | 88600 | [[La Chapelle-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88090 | 88130 | [[Carpinia]] |- | 88091 | 88460 | [[Charmois-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88092 | 88270 | [[Charmois-l'Orgueilleux]] |- | 88093 | 88210 | [[Châtas]] |- | 88094 | 88330 | [[Châtel-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88095 | 88170 | [[Châtenois (Vosegus)|Châtenois]] |- | 88096 | 88410 | [[Châtillon-sur-Saône]] |- | 88097 | 88500 | [[Chauffecourt]] |- | 88098 | 88390 | [[Chaumousey]] |- | 88099 | 88150 | [[Chavelot]] |- | 88100 | 88500 | [[Chef-Haut]] |- | 88101 | 88460 | [[Cheniménil]] |- | 88102 | 88630 | [[Chermisey]] |- | 88103 | 88270 | [[Circourt]] |- | 88104 | 88300 | [[Circourt-sur-Mouzon]] |- | 88105 | 88410 | [[Claudon]] |- | 88107 | 88630 | [[Clérey-la-Côte]] |- | 88108 | 88240 | [[Le Clerjus]] |- | 88109 | 88120 | [[Cleurie]] |- | 88110 | 88700 | [[Clézentaine]] |- | 88111 | 88100 | [[Coinches]] |- | 88112 | 88490 | [[Colroy-la-Grande]] |- | 88113 | 88490 | [[Combrimont]] |- | 88114 | 88140 | [[Gundrecivilla]] |- | 88115 | 88430 | [[Corcieux]] |- | 88116 | 88310 | [[Cornimont]] |- | 88117 | 88170 | [[Courcelles-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88118 | 88630 | [[Coussey]] |- | 88119 | 88140 | [[Crainvilliers]] |- | 88120 | 88520 | [[La Croix-aux-Mines]] |- | 88121 | 88330 | [[Damas-aux-Bois]] |- | 88122 | 88270 | [[Damas-et-Bettegney]] |- | 88123 | 88320 | [[Damblain]] |- | 88124 | 88260 | [[Darney]] |- | 88125 | 88170 | [[Darney-aux-Chênes]] |- | 88126 | 88390 | [[Darnieulles]] |- | 88127 | 88700 | [[Deinvillers]] |- | 88128 | 88210 | [[Denipaire]] |- | 88129 | 88270 | [[Derbamont]] |- | 88130 | 88600 | [[Destord]] |- | 88131 | 88600 | [[Deycimont]] |- | 88132 | 88000 | [[Deyvillers]] |- | 88133 | 88000 | [[Dignonville]] |- | 88134 | 88000 | [[Dinozé]] |- | 88135 | 88460 | [[Docelles]] |- | 88136 | 88000 | [[Dogneville]] |- | 88137 | 88170 | [[Dolaincourt]] |- | 88138 | 88260 | [[Dombasle-devant-Darney]] |- | 88139 | 88500 | [[Dombasle-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88140 | 88140 | [[Dombrot-le-Sec]] |- | 88141 | 88170 | [[Dombrot-sur-Vair]] |- | 88144 | 88500 | [[Domèvre-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88142 | 88390 | [[Domèvre-sur-Avière]] |- | 88143 | 88330 | [[Domèvre-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88145 | 88600 | [[Domfaing]] |- | 88146 | 88800 | [[Domjulien]] |- | 88147 | 88390 | [[Dommartin-aux-Bois]] |- | 88148 | 88200 | [[Domnus Martinus (Romaricus Mons)]] |- | 88149 | 88260 | [[Dommartin-lès-Vallois]] |- | 88150 | 88170 | [[Dommartin-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88151 | 88270 | [[Donoparium]] |- | 88152 | 88600 | [[Dompierre (Vosegus)|Dompierre]] |- | 88153 | 88700 | [[Domptail]] |- | 88154 | 88630 | [[Domnum Remigium]] |- | 88155 | 88500 | [[Domvallier]] |- | 88156 | 88700 | [[Doncières]] |- | 88157 | 88220 | [[Dounoux]] |- | 88158 | 88510 | [[Éloyes]] |- | 88159 | 88650 | [[Entre-deux-Eaux]] |- | 88160 | 88000 | [[Spinalium]] |- | 88161 | 88260 | [[Escles]] |- | 88162 | 88260 | [[Esley]] |- | 88163 | 88130 | [[Essegney]] |- | 88164 | 88500 | [[Estrennes]] |- | 88165 | 88480 | [[Étival-Clairefontaine]] |- | 88166 | 88450 | [[Évaux-et-Ménil]] |- | 88167 | 88460 | [[Faucompierre]] |- | 88168 | 88700 | [[Fauconcourt]] |- | 88169 | 88600 | [[Fays (Vosegus)|Fays]] |- | 88170 | 88360 | [[Ferdrupt]] |- | 88171 | 88410 | [[Fignévelle]] |- | 88172 | 88600 | [[Fiménil]] |- | 88173 | 88130 | [[Florémont]] |- | 88174 | 88390 | [[Fomerey]] |- | 88175 | 88600 | [[Fontenay (Vosegus)|Fontenay]] |- | 88176 | 88240 | [[Fontenoy-le-Château]] |- | 88177 | 88530 | [[La Forge (Vosegus)|La Forge]] |- | 88178 | 88390 | [[Les Forges (Vosegus)|Les Forges]] |- | 88179 | 88320 | [[Fouchécourt (Vosegus)|Fouchécourt]] |- | 88180 | 88320 | [[Frain]] |- | 88181 | 88230 | [[Fraize]] |- | 88182 | 88490 | [[Frapelle]] |- | 88183 | 88630 | [[Frebécourt]] |- | 88184 | 88600 | [[Fremifontaine]] |- | 88185 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Grande]] |- | 88186 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Petite]] |- | 88187 | 88270 | [[Frénois (Vosegus)|Frénois]] |- | 88188 | 88160 | [[Fresse-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88189 | 88350 | [[Fréville (Vosegus)|Fréville]] |- | 88190 | 88440 | [[Frizon]] |- | 88192 | 88270 | [[Gelvécourt-et-Adompt]] |- | 88193 | 88520 | [[Gemaingoutte]] |- | 88194 | 88170 | [[Gemmelaincourt]] |- | 88195 | 88140 | [[Gendreville]] |- | 88196 | 88400 | [[Gérardmer]] |- | 88197 | 88120 | [[Gerbamont]] |- | 88198 | 88430 | [[Gerbépal]] |- | 88199 | 88320 | [[Gignéville]] |- | 88200 | 88390 | [[Gigney]] |- | 88201 | 88390 | [[Girancourt]] |- | 88202 | 88500 | [[Gircourt-lès-Viéville]] |- | 88203 | 88600 | [[Girecourt-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88205 | 88340 | [[Girmont-Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88206 | 88170 | [[Gironcourt-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88208 | 88410 | [[Godoncourt]] |- | 88209 | 88190 | [[Golbey]] |- | 88210 | 88270 | [[Gorhey]] |- | 88212 | 88350 | [[Grand (Vosegus)|Grand]] |- | 88213 | 88490 | [[La Grande-Fosse]] |- | 88215 | 88210 | [[Grandrupt]] |- | 88214 | 88240 | [[Grandrupt-de-Bains]] |- | 88216 | 88600 | [[Grandvillers]] |- | 88218 | 88640 | [[Granges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88219 | 88630 | [[Greux]] |- | 88220 | 88410 | [[Grignoncourt]] |- | 88221 | 88240 | [[Gruey-lès-Surance]] |- | 88222 | 88600 | [[Gugnécourt]] |- | 88223 | 88450 | [[Gugney-aux-Aulx]] |- | 88224 | 88330 | [[Hadigny-les-Verrières]] |- | 88225 | 88220 | [[Hadol]] |- | 88226 | 88270 | [[Hagécourt]] |- | 88227 | 88300 | [[Hagnéville-et-Roncourt]] |- | 88228 | 88330 | [[Haillainville]] |- | 88229 | 88300 | [[Harchéchamp]] |- | 88230 | 88700 | [[Hardancourt]] |- | 88231 | 88800 | [[Haréville]] |- | 88232 | 88300 | [[Harmonville]] |- | 88233 | 88270 | [[Harol]] |- | 88234 | 88240 | [[Harsault]] |- | 88235 | 88240 | [[Hautmougey]] |- | 88236 | 88240 | [[La Haye (Vosegus)|La Haye]] |- | 88237 | 88270 | [[Hennecourt]] |- | 88238 | 88260 | [[Hennezel]] |- | 88239 | 88130 | [[Hergugney]] |- | 88240 | 88600 | [[Herpelmont]] |- | 88241 | 88170 | [[Houécourt]] |- | 88242 | 88300 | [[Houéville]] |- | 88243 | 88700 | [[Housseras]] |- | 88244 | 88430 | [[La Houssière]] |- | 88245 | 88210 | [[Hurbache]] |- | 88246 | 88500 | [[Hymont]] |- | 88247 | 88150 | [[Igney (Vosegus)|Igney]] |- | 88248 | 88320 | [[Isches]] |- | 88249 | 88300 | [[Jainvillotte]] |- | 88250 | 88550 | [[Jarménil]] |- | 88251 | 88700 | [[Jeanménil]] |- | 88252 | 88260 | [[Jésonville]] |- | 88253 | 88000 | [[Jeuxey]] |- | 88254 | 88500 | [[Jorxey]] |- | 88255 | 88630 | [[Jubainville]] |- | 88256 | 88640 | [[Jussarupt]] |- | 88257 | 88500 | [[Juvaincourt]] |- | 88258 | 88320 | [[Lamarche]] |- | 88259 | 88300 | [[Landaville]] |- | 88260 | 88130 | [[Langley (Vosegus)|Langley]] |- | 88261 | 88600 | [[Laval-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88262 | 88600 | [[Laveline-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88263 | 88640 | [[Laveline-du-Houx]] |- | 88264 | 88270 | [[Légéville-et-Bonfays]] |- | 88265 | 88300 | [[Lemmecourt]] |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88266 | 88600 | [[Lépanges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88267 | 88260 | [[Lerrain]] |- | 88268 | 88490 | [[Lesseux]] |- | 88269 | 88400 | [[Liézey]] |- | 88270 | 88350 | [[Liffol-le-Grand]] |- | 88271 | 88800 | [[Lignéville]] |- | 88272 | 88410 | [[Lironcourt]] |- | 88273 | 88000 | [[Longchamp (Vosegus)|Longchamp]] |- | 88274 | 88170 | [[Longchamp-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88275 | 88490 | [[Lubine]] |- | 88276 | 88490 | [[Lusse]] |- | 88277 | 88110 | [[Luvigny]] |- | 88278 | 88170 | [[Maconcourt]] |- | 88279 | 88270 | [[Madecourt]] |- | 88280 | 88450 | [[Madegney]] |- | 88281 | 88270 | [[Madonne-et-Lamerey]] |- | 88282 | 88240 | [[Le Magny (Vosegus)|Le Magny]] |- | 88283 | 88140 | [[Malaincourt]] |- | 88284 | 88650 | [[Mandray]] |- | 88285 | 88800 | [[Mandres-sur-Vair]] |- | 88286 | 88130 | [[Marainville-sur-Madon]] |- | 88287 | 88320 | [[Marey (Vosegus)|Marey]] |- | 88288 | 88270 | [[Maroncourt]] |- | 88289 | 88320 | [[Martigny-les-Bains]] |- | 88290 | 88300 | [[Martigny-les-Gerbonvaux]] |- | 88291 | 88410 | [[Martinvelle]] |- | 88292 | 88500 | [[Mattaincourt]] |- | 88293 | 88630 | [[Maxey-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88294 | 88150 | [[Mazeley]] |- | 88295 | 88500 | [[Mazirot]] |- | 88296 | 88140 | [[Médonville]] |- | 88297 | 88600 | [[Méménil]] |- | 88298 | 88700 | [[Ménarmont]] |- | 88302 | 88160 | [[Le Ménil]] |- | 88300 | 88210 | [[Ménil-de-Senones]] |- | 88299 | 88500 | [[Ménil-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88301 | 88700 | [[Ménil-sur-Belvitte]] |- | 88303 | 88630 | [[Midrevaux]] |- | 88304 | 88500 | [[Mirecurtium]] |- | 88305 | 88630 | [[Moncel-sur-Vair]] |- | 88306 | 88210 | [[Le Mont]] |- | 88309 | 88800 | [[Monthureux-le-Sec]] |- | 88310 | 88410 | [[Monthureux-sur-Saône]] |- | 88307 | 88320 | [[Mont-lès-Lamarche]] |- | 88308 | 88300 | [[Mont-lès-Neufchâteau]] |- | 88311 | 88240 | [[Montmotier]] |- | 88312 | 88170 | [[Morelmaison]] |- | 88313 | 88330 | [[Moriville]] |- | 88314 | 88320 | [[Morizécourt]] |- | 88315 | 88600 | [[Mortagne (Vosegus)|Mortagne]] |- | 88316 | 88140 | [[Morville (Vosegus)|Morville]] |- | 88317 | 88210 | [[Moussey (Vosegus)|Moussey]] |- | 88318 | 88700 | [[Moyemont]] |- | 88319 | 88420 | [[Moyenmoutier]] |- | 88320 | 88100 | [[Nayemont-les-Fosses]] |- | 88321 | 88300 | [[Neocastrum]] |- | 88322 | 88600 | [[La Neuveville-devant-Lépanges]] |- | 88324 | 88170 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88325 | 88800 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88326 | 88100 | [[Neuvillers-sur-Fave]] |- | 88327 | 88440 | [[Nomexy]] |- | 88328 | 88470 | [[Nompatelize]] |- | 88330 | 88260 | [[Nonville (Vosegus)|Nonville]] |- | 88331 | 88600 | [[Nonzeville]] |- | 88332 | 88800 | [[Norroy]] |- | 88333 | 88700 | [[Nossoncourt]] |- | 88334 | 88500 | [[Oëlleville]] |- | 88335 | 88500 | [[Offroicourt]] |- | 88336 | 88170 | [[Ollainville (Vosegus)|Ollainville]] |- | 88338 | 88700 | [[Ortoncourt]] |- | 88340 | 88700 | [[Padoux]] |- | 88341 | 88100 | [[Pair-et-Grandrupt]] |- | 88342 | 88330 | [[Pallegney]] |- | 88343 | 88800 | [[Parey-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88344 | 88350 | [[Pargny-sous-Mureau]] |- | 88345 | 88490 | [[La Petite-Fosse]] |- | 88346 | 88210 | [[La Petite-Raon]] |- | 88347 | 88270 | [[Pierrefitte (Vosegus)|Pierrefitte]] |- | 88348 | 88600 | [[Pierrepont-sur-l'Arentèle]] |- | 88349 | 88230 | [[Plainfaing]] |- | 88350 | 88170 | [[Pleuvezain]] |- | 88351 | 88370 | [[Plumberae]] |- | 88352 | 88300 | [[Pompierre]] |- | 88353 | 88260 | [[Pont-lès-Bonfays]] |- | 88354 | 88500 | [[Pont-sur-Madon]] |- | 88355 | 88330 | [[Portieux]] |- | 88356 | 88600 | [[Les Poulières]] |- | 88357 | 88500 | [[Poussay]] |- | 88358 | 88550 | [[Pouxeux]] |- | 88359 | 88600 | [[Prey (Vosegus)|Prey]] |- | 88360 | 88260 | [[Provenchères-lès-Darney]] |- | 88361 | 88490 | [[Provenchères-sur-Fave]] |- | 88362 | 88210 | [[Le Puid]] |- | 88363 | 88630 | [[Punerot]] |- | 88364 | 88500 | [[Puzieux (Vosegus)|Puzieux]] |- | 88365 | 88270 | [[Racécourt]] |- | 88366 | 88170 | [[Rainville (Vosegus)|Rainville]] |- | 88367 | 88700 | [[Rambervillers]] |- | 88368 | 88500 | [[Ramecourt (Vosegus)|Ramecourt]] |- | 88369 | 88160 | [[Ramonchamp]] |- | 88370 | 88270 | [[Rancourt (Vosegus)|Rancourt]] |- | 88371 | 88220 | [[Raon-aux-Bois]] |- | 88372 | 88110 | [[Raon-l'Étape]] |- | 88373 | 88110 | [[Raon-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88374 | 88130 | [[Rapey]] |- | 88375 | 88520 | [[Raves (Vosegus)|Raves]] |- | 88376 | 88300 | [[Rebeuville]] |- | 88377 | 88410 | [[Regnévelle]] |- | 88378 | 88450 | [[Regney]] |- | 88379 | 88330 | [[Rehaincourt]] |- | 88380 | 88640 | [[Rehaupal]] |- | 88381 | 88260 | [[Relanges]] |- | 88382 | 88500 | [[Remicourt (Vosegus)|Remicourt]] |- | 88383 | 88200 | [[Romarici Mons]] |- | 88386 | 88100 | [[Remomeix]] |- | 88385 | 88800 | [[Remoncourt (Vosegus)|Remoncourt]] |- | 88387 | 88170 | [[Removille]] |- | 88388 | 88390 | [[Renauvoid]] |- | 88389 | 88500 | [[Repel]] |- | 88390 | 88320 | [[Robécourt]] |- | 88391 | 88120 | [[Rochesson]] |- | 88392 | 88320 | [[Rocourt (Vosegus)|Rocourt]] |- | 88393 | 88300 | [[Rollainville]] |- | 88394 | 88320 | [[Romain-aux-Bois]] |- | 88395 | 88700 | [[Romont (Vosegus)|Romont]] |- | 88398 | 88600 | [[Les Rouges-Eaux]] |- | 88399 | 88460 | [[Le Roulier]] |- | 88400 | 88500 | [[Rouvres-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88401 | 88170 | [[Rouvres-la-Chétive]] |- | 88402 | 88700 | [[Roville-aux-Chênes]] |- | 88403 | 88500 | [[Rozerotte]] |- | 88404 | 88320 | [[Rozières-sur-Mouzon]] |- | 88406 | 88130 | [[Rugney]] |- | 88407 | 88630 | [[Ruppes]] |- | 88408 | 88360 | [[Rupt-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88409 | 88120 | [[Saint-Amé]] |- | 88411 | 88260 | [[Saint-Baslemont]] |- | 88412 | 88700 | [[Saint-Benoît-la-Chipotte]] |- | 88413 | 88100 | [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sanctus Deodatus]] |- | 88410 | 88700 | [[Sainte-Barbe (Vosegus)|Sainte-Barbe]] |- | 88418 | 88700 | [[Sainte-Hélène (Vosegus)|Sainte-Hélène]] |- | 88424 | 88100 | [[Sainte-Marguerite (Vosegus)|Sainte-Marguerite]] |- | 88415 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam]] |- | 88416 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Genesius]] |- | 88417 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Gorgonius]] |- | 88419 | 88210 | [[Saint-Jean-d'Ormont]] |- | 88421 | 88410 | [[Sanctus Iulianus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Iulianus]] |- | 88423 | 88650 | [[Sanctus Leonardus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Leonardus]] |- | 88425 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Mauricius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Mauricius]] |- | 88426 | 88560 | [[Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88427 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Memmius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Memmius]] |- | 88428 | 88470 | [[Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe]] |- | 88429 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Nabor (Vosegus)|Sanctus Nabor]] |- | 88430 | 88140 | [[Sanctus Audoenus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Audoenus]] |- | 88431 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Paulus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Paulus]] |- | 88432 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Petrimons]] |- | 88433 | 88500 | [[Sanctus Pancratius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Pancratius]] |- | 88434 | 88800 | [[Sancti Remigii Mons (Vosegus)|Sancti Remigii Mons]] |- | 88435 | 88480 | [[Sanctus Remigius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Remigius]] |- | 88436 | 88210 | [[Sanctus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Stephanus]] |- | 88437 | 88270 | [[Sanctus Valerius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Valerius]] |- | 88438 | 88470 | [[La Salle (Vosegus)|La Salle]] |- | 88439 | 88390 | [[Sanchey]] |- | 88440 | 88170 | [[Sandaucuria]] |- | 88441 | 88260 | [[Sans-Vallois]] |- | 88442 | 88120 | [[Sapois (Vosegus)|Sapois]] |- | 88443 | 88300 | [[Sartes]] |- | 88444 | 88210 | [[Le Saulcy]] |- | 88445 | 88580 | [[Salicetum (Vosegus)|Salicetum]] |- | 88446 | 88140 | [[Salsurae (Vosegus)|Salsurae]] |- | 88447 | 88290 | [[Salsuriae]] |- | 88448 | 88140 | [[Seivilla]] |- | 88449 | 88130 | [[Saviniacum (Vosegus)|Saviniacum]] |- | 88450 | 88320 | [[Senagda]] |- | 88451 | 88210 | [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senonia]] |- | 88452 | 88260 | [[Senonges]] |- | 88453 | 88630 | [[Seromons]] |- | 88454 | 88600 | [[Sarcus (Vosegus)|Sarcus]] |- | 88455 | 88320 | [[Sirecuria]] |- | 88456 | 88320 | [[Serocourt]] |- | 88457 | 88630 | [[Seona (Vosegus)|Seona]] |- | 88458 | 88130 | [[Solicuria]] |- | 88459 | 88170 | [[Soncuria]] |- | 88460 | 88630 | [[Solicia]] |- | 88461 | 88140 | [[Serewavilla]] |- | 88462 | 88120 | [[Le Syndicat]] |- | 88463 | 88100 | [[Tinctorivus]] |- | 88464 | 88460 | [[Tendon (Vosegus)|Tendon]] |- | 88465 | 88150 | [[Tado]] |- | 88466 | 88800 | [[Tillia]] |- | 88467 | 88290 | [[Thiéfosse]] |- | 88468 | 88160 | [[Le Thillot]] |- | 88469 | 88500 | [[Tirocuria]] |- | 88470 | 88530 | [[Le Tholy]] |- | 88471 | 88410 | [[Les Thons]] |- | 88472 | 88260 | [[Thuillières]] |- | 88473 | 88320 | [[Tignécourt]] |- | 88474 | 88300 | [[Tellum (Vosegus)|Tellum]] |- | 88475 | 88320 | [[Toteleni curtis]] |- | 88476 | 88500 | [[Totoni villa]] |- | 88477 | 88350 | [[Trampodium]] |- | 88478 | 88300 | [[Tranculfi villa]] |- | 88479 | 88240 | [[Trémonzey]] |- | 88480 | 88130 | [[Ubexy]] |- | 88481 | 88220 | [[Uriménil]] |- | 88482 | 88140 | [[Eurivilla]] |- | 88483 | 88390 | [[Ursiniacum]] |- | 88484 | 88220 | [[Usminga]] |- | 88485 | 88140 | [[La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie]] |- | 88486 | 88120 | [[Vainiacum]] |- | 88487 | 88340 | [[Le Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88488 | 88270 | [[Valefridicurtis]] |- | 88489 | 88270 | [[Vallis Regia (Vosegus)|Vallis Regia]] |- | 88490 | 88800 | [[Vallis Regia Sicca]] |- | 88491 | 88260 | [[Tres Valesii]] |- | 88492 | 88230 | [[Le Valtin]] |- | 88493 | 88450 | [[Varmonzey]] |- | 88494 | 88500 | [[Vaubexy]] |- | 88495 | 88000 | [[Waldinivilla]] |- | 88496 | 88140 | [[Valdonis curtis (Vosegus)|Valdonis curtis]] |- | 88497 | 88330 | [[Wauxoncuria]] |- | 88498 | 88200 | [[Vecoux]] |- | 88499 | 88270 | [[Velotte-et-Tatignécourt]] |- | 88500 | 88310 | [[Ventron]] |- | 88501 | 88210 | [[Le Vermont]] |- | 88502 | 88600 | [[Vervezelle]] |- | 88503 | 88110 | [[Vexaincourt]] |- | 88504 | 88170 | [[Vicherey]] |- | 88505 | 88430 | [[Vienville]] |- | 88506 | 88210 | [[Vieux-Moulin (Vosegus)|Vieux-Moulin]] |- | 88507 | 88500 | [[Villers (Vosegus)|Villers]] |- | 88508 | 88270 | [[Ville-sur-Illon]] |- | 88509 | 88150 | [[Villoncourt]] |- | 88510 | 88320 | [[Villotte]] |- | 88511 | 88350 | [[Villouxel]] |- | 88512 | 88600 | [[Viménil]] |- | 88513 | 88450 | [[Vincey]] |- | 88514 | 88170 | [[Viocourt]] |- | 88515 | 88260 | [[Vioménil]] |- | 88516 | 88800 | [[Vittel]] |- | 88517 | 88260 | [[Viviers-le-Gras]] |- | 88518 | 88500 | [[Viviers-lès-Offroicourt]] |- | 88519 | 88470 | [[La Voivre (Vosegus)|La Voivre]] |- | 88520 | 88240 | [[Les Voivres]] |- | 88521 | 88700 | [[Vomécourt]] |- | 88522 | 88500 | [[Vomécourt-sur-Madon]] |- | 88523 | 88170 | [[Vouxey]] |- | 88524 | 88140 | [[Vrécourt]] |- | 88525 | 88500 | [[Vroville]] |- | 88526 | 88520 | [[Wisembach]] |- | 88527 | 88700 | [[Xaffévillers]] |- | 88528 | 88460 | [[Xamontarupt]] |- | 88529 | 88130 | [[Xaronval]] |- | 88530 | 88220 | [[Scatiniacum]] |- | 88531 | 88400 | [[Xonrupt-Longemer]] |- | 88532 | 88330 | [[Zincourt]] |} {{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi|!]] 280ddu86ntu894gmmtjiaznfg70ynru 3965068 3965052 2026-06-15T15:05:34Z Pippobuono 54500 nomen latine 3965068 wikitext text/x-wiki Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 515 numero. [[Fasciculus:Vosges-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]] [[Fasciculus: Senones vu du Petit Paris.jpg|thumb|Despectus in ''[[ Senones ]]'']] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88001 | 88270 | [[Les Ableuvenettes]] |- | 88002 | 88500 | [[Ahéville]] |- | 88003 | 88140 | [[Aingeville]] |- | 88004 | 88320 | [[Ainvelle (Vosegus)|Ainvelle]] |- | 88005 | 88110 | [[Allarmont]] |- | 88006 | 88500 | [[Ambacuria]] |- | 88007 | 88410 | [[Ameuvelle]] |- | 88008 | 88700 | [[Anglemont]] |- | 88009 | 88650 | [[Anould]] |- | 88010 | 88170 | [[Aouze]] |- | 88011 | 88380 | [[Arches (Vosegus)|Arches]] |- | 88012 | 88380 | [[Archettes]] |- | 88013 | 88170 | [[Aroffe]] |- | 88014 | 88430 | [[Arrentès-de-Corcieux]] |- | 88015 | 88300 | [[Attignéville]] |- | 88016 | 88260 | [[Attigny (Vosegus)|Attigny]] |- | 88017 | 88300 | [[Aulnois]] |- | 88018 | 88640 | [[Aumontzey]] |- | 88019 | 88300 | [[Autigny-la-Tour]] |- | 88020 | 88300 | [[Autreville (Vosegus)|Autreville]] |- | 88021 | 88700 | [[Autrey (Vosegus)|Autrey]] |- | 88022 | 88140 | [[Auzainvilliers]] |- | 88023 | 88500 | [[Avillers (Vosegus)|Avillers]] |- | 88024 | 88130 | [[Avrainville (Vosegus)|Avrainville]] |- | 88025 | 88630 | [[Avranville]] |- | 88026 | 88600 | [[Aydoilles]] |- | 88027 | 88330 | [[Badménil-aux-Bois]] |- | 88028 | 88460 | [[La Baffe]] |- | 88029 | 88240 | [[Bains-les-Bains]] |- | 88030 | 88270 | [[Bainville-aux-Saules]] |- | 88031 | 88170 | [[Balléville]] |- | 88032 | 88520 | [[Ban-de-Laveline]] |- | 88033 | 88210 | [[Ban-de-Sapt]] |- | 88106 | 88230 | [[Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy]] |- | 88035 | 88640 | [[Barbey-Seroux]] |- | 88036 | 88300 | [[Barville (Vosegus)|Barville]] |- | 88037 | 88120 | [[Basse-sur-le-Rupt]] |- | 88038 | 88130 | [[Battexey]] |- | 88039 | 88500 | [[Baudricourt]] |- | 88040 | 88150 | [[Bayecourt]] |- | 88041 | 88270 | [[Bazegney]] |- | 88042 | 88700 | [[Bazien]] |- | 88043 | 88500 | [[Bazoilles-et-Ménil]] |- | 88044 | 88300 | [[Bazoilles-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88045 | 88300 | [[Beaufremont]] |- | 88046 | 88600 | [[Beauménil]] |- | 88047 | 88270 | [[Begnécourt]] |- | 88048 | 88370 | [[Bellefontaine (Vosegus)|Bellefontaine]] |- | 88049 | 88260 | [[Belmont-lès-Darney]] |- | 88050 | 88600 | [[Belmont-sur-Buttant]] |- | 88051 | 88800 | [[Belmont-sur-Vair]] |- | 88052 | 88260 | [[Belrupt]] |- | 88053 | 88210 | [[Belval (Vosegus)|Belval]] |- | 88054 | 88520 | [[Bertrimoutier]] |- | 88055 | 88450 | [[Bettegney-Saint-Brice]] |- | 88056 | 88500 | [[Bettoncourt]] |- | 88057 | 88490 | [[Le Beulay]] |- | 88058 | 88170 | [[Biécourt]] |- | 88059 | 88430 | [[Biffontaine]] |- | 88060 | 88500 | [[Blémerey (Vosegus)|Blémerey]] |- | 88061 | 88410 | [[Bleurville]] |- | 88062 | 88320 | [[Blevaincourt]] |- | 88063 | 88270 | [[Bocquegney]] |- | 88064 | 88600 | [[Bois-de-Champ]] |- | 88065 | 88260 | [[Bonvillet]] |- | 88066 | 88500 | [[Boulaincourt]] |- | 88068 | 88470 | [[La Bourgonce]] |- | 88069 | 88270 | [[Bouxières-aux-Bois]] |- | 88070 | 88130 | [[Bouxurulles]] |- | 88071 | 88270 | [[Bouzemont]] |- | 88073 | 88130 | [[Brantigny]] |- | 88074 | 88350 | [[Brechainville]] |- | 88075 | 88250 | [[La Bresse]] |- | 88076 | 88600 | [[Brouvelieures]] |- | 88077 | 88700 | [[Brû]] |- | 88078 | 88600 | [[Bruyères]] |- | 88079 | 88140 | [[Boloniacivilla]] |- | 88080 | 88700 | [[Bult]] |- | 88081 | 88540 | [[Bussang]] |- | 88082 | 88110 | [[Celles-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88083 | 88300 | [[Certilleux]] |- | 88084 | 88130 | [[Chamagne]] |- | 88085 | 88640 | [[Champdray]] |- | 88086 | 88600 | [[Ducis Campus|Champ-le-Duc]] |- | 88087 | 88000 | [[Chantraine (commune)|Chantraine]] |- | 88088 | 88240 | [[La Chapelle-aux-Bois]] |- | 88089 | 88600 | [[La Chapelle-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88090 | 88130 | [[Carpinia]] |- | 88091 | 88460 | [[Charmois-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88092 | 88270 | [[Charmois-l'Orgueilleux]] |- | 88093 | 88210 | [[Châtas]] |- | 88094 | 88330 | [[Châtel-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88095 | 88170 | [[Châtenois (Vosegus)|Châtenois]] |- | 88096 | 88410 | [[Châtillon-sur-Saône]] |- | 88097 | 88500 | [[Chauffecourt]] |- | 88098 | 88390 | [[Chaumousey]] |- | 88099 | 88150 | [[Chavelot]] |- | 88100 | 88500 | [[Chef-Haut]] |- | 88101 | 88460 | [[Cheniménil]] |- | 88102 | 88630 | [[Chermisey]] |- | 88103 | 88270 | [[Circourt]] |- | 88104 | 88300 | [[Circourt-sur-Mouzon]] |- | 88105 | 88410 | [[Claudon]] |- | 88107 | 88630 | [[Clérey-la-Côte]] |- | 88108 | 88240 | [[Le Clerjus]] |- | 88109 | 88120 | [[Cleurie]] |- | 88110 | 88700 | [[Clézentaine]] |- | 88111 | 88100 | [[Coinches]] |- | 88112 | 88490 | [[Colroy-la-Grande]] |- | 88113 | 88490 | [[Combrimont]] |- | 88114 | 88140 | [[Gundrecivilla]] |- | 88115 | 88430 | [[Corcieux]] |- | 88116 | 88310 | [[Cornimont]] |- | 88117 | 88170 | [[Courcelles-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88118 | 88630 | [[Coussey]] |- | 88119 | 88140 | [[Crainvilliers]] |- | 88120 | 88520 | [[La Croix-aux-Mines]] |- | 88121 | 88330 | [[Damas-aux-Bois]] |- | 88122 | 88270 | [[Damas-et-Bettegney]] |- | 88123 | 88320 | [[Damblain]] |- | 88124 | 88260 | [[Darney]] |- | 88125 | 88170 | [[Darney-aux-Chênes]] |- | 88126 | 88390 | [[Darnieulles]] |- | 88127 | 88700 | [[Deinvillers]] |- | 88128 | 88210 | [[Denipaire]] |- | 88129 | 88270 | [[Derbamont]] |- | 88130 | 88600 | [[Destord]] |- | 88131 | 88600 | [[Deycimont]] |- | 88132 | 88000 | [[Deyvillers]] |- | 88133 | 88000 | [[Dignonville]] |- | 88134 | 88000 | [[Dinozé]] |- | 88135 | 88460 | [[Docelles]] |- | 88136 | 88000 | [[Dogneville]] |- | 88137 | 88170 | [[Dolaincourt]] |- | 88138 | 88260 | [[Dombasle-devant-Darney]] |- | 88139 | 88500 | [[Dombasle-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88140 | 88140 | [[Dombrot-le-Sec]] |- | 88141 | 88170 | [[Dombrot-sur-Vair]] |- | 88144 | 88500 | [[Domèvre-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88142 | 88390 | [[Domèvre-sur-Avière]] |- | 88143 | 88330 | [[Domèvre-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88145 | 88600 | [[Domfaing]] |- | 88146 | 88800 | [[Domjulien]] |- | 88147 | 88390 | [[Dommartin-aux-Bois]] |- | 88148 | 88200 | [[Domnus Martinus (Romaricus Mons)]] |- | 88149 | 88260 | [[Dommartin-lès-Vallois]] |- | 88150 | 88170 | [[Dommartin-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88151 | 88270 | [[Donoparium]] |- | 88152 | 88600 | [[Dompierre (Vosegus)|Dompierre]] |- | 88153 | 88700 | [[Domptail]] |- | 88154 | 88630 | [[Domnum Remigium]] |- | 88155 | 88500 | [[Domvallier]] |- | 88156 | 88700 | [[Doncières]] |- | 88157 | 88220 | [[Dounoux]] |- | 88158 | 88510 | [[Éloyes]] |- | 88159 | 88650 | [[Entre-deux-Eaux]] |- | 88160 | 88000 | [[Spinalium]] |- | 88161 | 88260 | [[Escles]] |- | 88162 | 88260 | [[Esley]] |- | 88163 | 88130 | [[Essegney]] |- | 88164 | 88500 | [[Estrennes]] |- | 88165 | 88480 | [[Étival-Clairefontaine]] |- | 88166 | 88450 | [[Évaux-et-Ménil]] |- | 88167 | 88460 | [[Faucompierre]] |- | 88168 | 88700 | [[Fauconcourt]] |- | 88169 | 88600 | [[Fays (Vosegus)|Fays]] |- | 88170 | 88360 | [[Ferdrupt]] |- | 88171 | 88410 | [[Fignévelle]] |- | 88172 | 88600 | [[Fiménil]] |- | 88173 | 88130 | [[Florémont]] |- | 88174 | 88390 | [[Fomerey]] |- | 88175 | 88600 | [[Fontenay (Vosegus)|Fontenay]] |- | 88176 | 88240 | [[Fontenoy-le-Château]] |- | 88177 | 88530 | [[La Forge (Vosegus)|La Forge]] |- | 88178 | 88390 | [[Les Forges (Vosegus)|Les Forges]] |- | 88179 | 88320 | [[Fouchécourt (Vosegus)|Fouchécourt]] |- | 88180 | 88320 | [[Frain]] |- | 88181 | 88230 | [[Fraize]] |- | 88182 | 88490 | [[Frapelle]] |- | 88183 | 88630 | [[Frebécourt]] |- | 88184 | 88600 | [[Fremifontaine]] |- | 88185 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Grande]] |- | 88186 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Petite]] |- | 88187 | 88270 | [[Frénois (Vosegus)|Frénois]] |- | 88188 | 88160 | [[Fresse-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88189 | 88350 | [[Fréville (Vosegus)|Fréville]] |- | 88190 | 88440 | [[Frizon]] |- | 88192 | 88270 | [[Gelvécourt-et-Adompt]] |- | 88193 | 88520 | [[Gemaingoutte]] |- | 88194 | 88170 | [[Gemmelaincourt]] |- | 88195 | 88140 | [[Gendreville]] |- | 88196 | 88400 | [[Gérardmer]] |- | 88197 | 88120 | [[Gerbamont]] |- | 88198 | 88430 | [[Gerbépal]] |- | 88199 | 88320 | [[Gignéville]] |- | 88200 | 88390 | [[Gigney]] |- | 88201 | 88390 | [[Girancourt]] |- | 88202 | 88500 | [[Gircourt-lès-Viéville]] |- | 88203 | 88600 | [[Girecourt-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88205 | 88340 | [[Girmont-Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88206 | 88170 | [[Gironcourt-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88208 | 88410 | [[Godoncourt]] |- | 88209 | 88190 | [[Golbey]] |- | 88210 | 88270 | [[Gorhey]] |- | 88212 | 88350 | [[Grand (Vosegus)|Grand]] |- | 88213 | 88490 | [[La Grande-Fosse]] |- | 88215 | 88210 | [[Grandrupt]] |- | 88214 | 88240 | [[Grandrupt-de-Bains]] |- | 88216 | 88600 | [[Grandvillers]] |- | 88218 | 88640 | [[Granges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88219 | 88630 | [[Greux]] |- | 88220 | 88410 | [[Grignoncourt]] |- | 88221 | 88240 | [[Gruey-lès-Surance]] |- | 88222 | 88600 | [[Gugnécourt]] |- | 88223 | 88450 | [[Gugney-aux-Aulx]] |- | 88224 | 88330 | [[Hadigny-les-Verrières]] |- | 88225 | 88220 | [[Hadol]] |- | 88226 | 88270 | [[Hagécourt]] |- | 88227 | 88300 | [[Hagnéville-et-Roncourt]] |- | 88228 | 88330 | [[Haillainville]] |- | 88229 | 88300 | [[Harchéchamp]] |- | 88230 | 88700 | [[Hardancourt]] |- | 88231 | 88800 | [[Haréville]] |- | 88232 | 88300 | [[Harmonville]] |- | 88233 | 88270 | [[Harol]] |- | 88234 | 88240 | [[Harsault]] |- | 88235 | 88240 | [[Hautmougey]] |- | 88236 | 88240 | [[La Haye (Vosegus)|La Haye]] |- | 88237 | 88270 | [[Hennecourt]] |- | 88238 | 88260 | [[Hennezel]] |- | 88239 | 88130 | [[Hergugney]] |- | 88240 | 88600 | [[Herpelmont]] |- | 88241 | 88170 | [[Houécourt]] |- | 88242 | 88300 | [[Houéville]] |- | 88243 | 88700 | [[Housseras]] |- | 88244 | 88430 | [[La Houssière]] |- | 88245 | 88210 | [[Hurbache]] |- | 88246 | 88500 | [[Hymont]] |- | 88247 | 88150 | [[Igney (Vosegus)|Igney]] |- | 88248 | 88320 | [[Isches]] |- | 88249 | 88300 | [[Jainvillotte]] |- | 88250 | 88550 | [[Jarménil]] |- | 88251 | 88700 | [[Jeanménil]] |- | 88252 | 88260 | [[Jésonville]] |- | 88253 | 88000 | [[Jeuxey]] |- | 88254 | 88500 | [[Jorxey]] |- | 88255 | 88630 | [[Jubainville]] |- | 88256 | 88640 | [[Jussarupt]] |- | 88257 | 88500 | [[Juvaincourt]] |- | 88258 | 88320 | [[Lamarche]] |- | 88259 | 88300 | [[Landaville]] |- | 88260 | 88130 | [[Langley (Vosegus)|Langley]] |- | 88261 | 88600 | [[Laval-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88262 | 88600 | [[Laveline-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88263 | 88640 | [[Laveline-du-Houx]] |- | 88264 | 88270 | [[Légéville-et-Bonfays]] |- | 88265 | 88300 | [[Lemmecourt]] |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88266 | 88600 | [[Lépanges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88267 | 88260 | [[Lerrain]] |- | 88268 | 88490 | [[Lesseux]] |- | 88269 | 88400 | [[Liézey]] |- | 88270 | 88350 | [[Liffol-le-Grand]] |- | 88271 | 88800 | [[Lignéville]] |- | 88272 | 88410 | [[Lironcourt]] |- | 88273 | 88000 | [[Longchamp (Vosegus)|Longchamp]] |- | 88274 | 88170 | [[Longchamp-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88275 | 88490 | [[Lubine]] |- | 88276 | 88490 | [[Lusse]] |- | 88277 | 88110 | [[Luvigny]] |- | 88278 | 88170 | [[Maconcourt]] |- | 88279 | 88270 | [[Madecourt]] |- | 88280 | 88450 | [[Madegney]] |- | 88281 | 88270 | [[Madonne-et-Lamerey]] |- | 88282 | 88240 | [[Le Magny (Vosegus)|Le Magny]] |- | 88283 | 88140 | [[Malaincourt]] |- | 88284 | 88650 | [[Mandray]] |- | 88285 | 88800 | [[Mandres-sur-Vair]] |- | 88286 | 88130 | [[Marainville-sur-Madon]] |- | 88287 | 88320 | [[Marey (Vosegus)|Marey]] |- | 88288 | 88270 | [[Maroncourt]] |- | 88289 | 88320 | [[Martigny-les-Bains]] |- | 88290 | 88300 | [[Martigny-les-Gerbonvaux]] |- | 88291 | 88410 | [[Martinvelle]] |- | 88292 | 88500 | [[Mattaincourt]] |- | 88293 | 88630 | [[Maxey-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88294 | 88150 | [[Mazeley]] |- | 88295 | 88500 | [[Mazirot]] |- | 88296 | 88140 | [[Médonville]] |- | 88297 | 88600 | [[Méménil]] |- | 88298 | 88700 | [[Ménarmont]] |- | 88302 | 88160 | [[Le Ménil]] |- | 88300 | 88210 | [[Ménil-de-Senones]] |- | 88299 | 88500 | [[Ménil-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88301 | 88700 | [[Ménil-sur-Belvitte]] |- | 88303 | 88630 | [[Midrevaux]] |- | 88304 | 88500 | [[Mirecurtium]] |- | 88305 | 88630 | [[Moncel-sur-Vair]] |- | 88306 | 88210 | [[Le Mont]] |- | 88309 | 88800 | [[Monthureux-le-Sec]] |- | 88310 | 88410 | [[Monthureux-sur-Saône]] |- | 88307 | 88320 | [[Mont-lès-Lamarche]] |- | 88308 | 88300 | [[Mont-lès-Neufchâteau]] |- | 88311 | 88240 | [[Montmotier]] |- | 88312 | 88170 | [[Morelmaison]] |- | 88313 | 88330 | [[Moriville]] |- | 88314 | 88320 | [[Morizécourt]] |- | 88315 | 88600 | [[Mortagne (Vosegus)|Mortagne]] |- | 88316 | 88140 | [[Morville (Vosegus)|Morville]] |- | 88317 | 88210 | [[Moussey (Vosegus)|Moussey]] |- | 88318 | 88700 | [[Moyemont]] |- | 88319 | 88420 | [[Moyenmoutier]] |- | 88320 | 88100 | [[Nayemont-les-Fosses]] |- | 88321 | 88300 | [[Neocastrum]] |- | 88322 | 88600 | [[La Neuveville-devant-Lépanges]] |- | 88324 | 88170 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88325 | 88800 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88326 | 88100 | [[Neuvillers-sur-Fave]] |- | 88327 | 88440 | [[Nomexy]] |- | 88328 | 88470 | [[Nompatelize]] |- | 88330 | 88260 | [[Nonville (Vosegus)|Nonville]] |- | 88331 | 88600 | [[Nonzeville]] |- | 88332 | 88800 | [[Norroy]] |- | 88333 | 88700 | [[Nossoncourt]] |- | 88334 | 88500 | [[Oëlleville]] |- | 88335 | 88500 | [[Offroicourt]] |- | 88336 | 88170 | [[Ollainville (Vosegus)|Ollainville]] |- | 88338 | 88700 | [[Ortoncourt]] |- | 88340 | 88700 | [[Padoux]] |- | 88341 | 88100 | [[Pair-et-Grandrupt]] |- | 88342 | 88330 | [[Pallegney]] |- | 88343 | 88800 | [[Parey-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88344 | 88350 | [[Pargny-sous-Mureau]] |- | 88345 | 88490 | [[La Petite-Fosse]] |- | 88346 | 88210 | [[La Petite-Raon]] |- | 88347 | 88270 | [[Pierrefitte (Vosegus)|Pierrefitte]] |- | 88348 | 88600 | [[Pierrepont-sur-l'Arentèle]] |- | 88349 | 88230 | [[Plainfaing]] |- | 88350 | 88170 | [[Pleuvezain]] |- | 88351 | 88370 | [[Plumberae]] |- | 88352 | 88300 | [[Pompierre]] |- | 88353 | 88260 | [[Pont-lès-Bonfays]] |- | 88354 | 88500 | [[Pont-sur-Madon]] |- | 88355 | 88330 | [[Portieux]] |- | 88356 | 88600 | [[Les Poulières]] |- | 88357 | 88500 | [[Poussay]] |- | 88358 | 88550 | [[Pouxeux]] |- | 88359 | 88600 | [[Prey (Vosegus)|Prey]] |- | 88360 | 88260 | [[Provenchères-lès-Darney]] |- | 88361 | 88490 | [[Provenchères-sur-Fave]] |- | 88362 | 88210 | [[Le Puid]] |- | 88363 | 88630 | [[Punerot]] |- | 88364 | 88500 | [[Puzieux (Vosegus)|Puzieux]] |- | 88365 | 88270 | [[Racécourt]] |- | 88366 | 88170 | [[Rainville (Vosegus)|Rainville]] |- | 88367 | 88700 | [[Rambervillers]] |- | 88368 | 88500 | [[Ramecourt (Vosegus)|Ramecourt]] |- | 88369 | 88160 | [[Ramonchamp]] |- | 88370 | 88270 | [[Rancourt (Vosegus)|Rancourt]] |- | 88371 | 88220 | [[Raon-aux-Bois]] |- | 88372 | 88110 | [[Raon-l'Étape]] |- | 88373 | 88110 | [[Raon-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88374 | 88130 | [[Rapey]] |- | 88375 | 88520 | [[Raves (Vosegus)|Raves]] |- | 88376 | 88300 | [[Rebeuville]] |- | 88377 | 88410 | [[Regnévelle]] |- | 88378 | 88450 | [[Regney]] |- | 88379 | 88330 | [[Rehaincourt]] |- | 88380 | 88640 | [[Rehaupal]] |- | 88381 | 88260 | [[Relanges]] |- | 88382 | 88500 | [[Remicourt (Vosegus)|Remicourt]] |- | 88383 | 88200 | [[Romarici Mons]] |- | 88386 | 88100 | [[Remomeix]] |- | 88385 | 88800 | [[Remoncourt (Vosegus)|Remoncourt]] |- | 88387 | 88170 | [[Removille]] |- | 88388 | 88390 | [[Renauvoid]] |- | 88389 | 88500 | [[Repel]] |- | 88390 | 88320 | [[Robécourt]] |- | 88391 | 88120 | [[Rochesson]] |- | 88392 | 88320 | [[Rocourt (Vosegus)|Rocourt]] |- | 88393 | 88300 | [[Rollainville]] |- | 88394 | 88320 | [[Romain-aux-Bois]] |- | 88395 | 88700 | [[Romont (Vosegus)|Romont]] |- | 88398 | 88600 | [[Les Rouges-Eaux]] |- | 88399 | 88460 | [[Le Roulier]] |- | 88400 | 88500 | [[Rouvres-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88401 | 88170 | [[Rouvres-la-Chétive]] |- | 88402 | 88700 | [[Roville-aux-Chênes]] |- | 88403 | 88500 | [[Rozerotte]] |- | 88404 | 88320 | [[Rozières-sur-Mouzon]] |- | 88406 | 88130 | [[Rugney]] |- | 88407 | 88630 | [[Ruppes]] |- | 88408 | 88360 | [[Rupt-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88409 | 88120 | [[Saint-Amé]] |- | 88411 | 88260 | [[Saint-Baslemont]] |- | 88412 | 88700 | [[Saint-Benoît-la-Chipotte]] |- | 88413 | 88100 | [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sanctus Deodatus]] |- | 88410 | 88700 | [[Sancta Barbara (Vosegus)|Sancta Barbara]] |- | 88418 | 88700 | [[Sancta Helena (Vosegus)|Sancta Helena]] |- | 88424 | 88100 | [[Sancta Margareta (Vosegus)|Sancta Margareta]] |- | 88415 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam]] |- | 88416 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Genesius]] |- | 88417 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Gorgonius]] |- | 88419 | 88210 | [[Saint-Jean-d'Ormont]] |- | 88421 | 88410 | [[Sanctus Iulianus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Iulianus]] |- | 88423 | 88650 | [[Sanctus Leonardus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Leonardus]] |- | 88425 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Mauricius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Mauricius]] |- | 88426 | 88560 | [[Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88427 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Memmius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Memmius]] |- | 88428 | 88470 | [[Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe]] |- | 88429 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Nabor (Vosegus)|Sanctus Nabor]] |- | 88430 | 88140 | [[Sanctus Audoenus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Audoenus]] |- | 88431 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Paulus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Paulus]] |- | 88432 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Petrimons]] |- | 88433 | 88500 | [[Sanctus Pancratius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Pancratius]] |- | 88434 | 88800 | [[Sancti Remigii Mons (Vosegus)|Sancti Remigii Mons]] |- | 88435 | 88480 | [[Sanctus Remigius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Remigius]] |- | 88436 | 88210 | [[Sanctus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Stephanus]] |- | 88437 | 88270 | [[Sanctus Valerius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Valerius]] |- | 88438 | 88470 | [[La Salle (Vosegus)|La Salle]] |- | 88439 | 88390 | [[Sanchey]] |- | 88440 | 88170 | [[Sandaucuria]] |- | 88441 | 88260 | [[Sans-Vallois]] |- | 88442 | 88120 | [[Sapois (Vosegus)|Sapois]] |- | 88443 | 88300 | [[Sartes]] |- | 88444 | 88210 | [[Le Saulcy]] |- | 88445 | 88580 | [[Salicetum (Vosegus)|Salicetum]] |- | 88446 | 88140 | [[Salsurae (Vosegus)|Salsurae]] |- | 88447 | 88290 | [[Salsuriae]] |- | 88448 | 88140 | [[Seivilla]] |- | 88449 | 88130 | [[Saviniacum (Vosegus)|Saviniacum]] |- | 88450 | 88320 | [[Senagda]] |- | 88451 | 88210 | [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senonia]] |- | 88452 | 88260 | [[Senonges]] |- | 88453 | 88630 | [[Seromons]] |- | 88454 | 88600 | [[Sarcus (Vosegus)|Sarcus]] |- | 88455 | 88320 | [[Sirecuria]] |- | 88456 | 88320 | [[Serocourt]] |- | 88457 | 88630 | [[Seona (Vosegus)|Seona]] |- | 88458 | 88130 | [[Solicuria]] |- | 88459 | 88170 | [[Soncuria]] |- | 88460 | 88630 | [[Solicia]] |- | 88461 | 88140 | [[Serewavilla]] |- | 88462 | 88120 | [[Le Syndicat]] |- | 88463 | 88100 | [[Tinctorivus]] |- | 88464 | 88460 | [[Tendon (Vosegus)|Tendon]] |- | 88465 | 88150 | [[Tado]] |- | 88466 | 88800 | [[Tillia]] |- | 88467 | 88290 | [[Thiéfosse]] |- | 88468 | 88160 | [[Le Thillot]] |- | 88469 | 88500 | [[Tirocuria]] |- | 88470 | 88530 | [[Le Tholy]] |- | 88471 | 88410 | [[Les Thons]] |- | 88472 | 88260 | [[Thuillières]] |- | 88473 | 88320 | [[Tignécourt]] |- | 88474 | 88300 | [[Tellum (Vosegus)|Tellum]] |- | 88475 | 88320 | [[Toteleni curtis]] |- | 88476 | 88500 | [[Totoni villa]] |- | 88477 | 88350 | [[Trampodium]] |- | 88478 | 88300 | [[Tranculfi villa]] |- | 88479 | 88240 | [[Trémonzey]] |- | 88480 | 88130 | [[Ubexy]] |- | 88481 | 88220 | [[Uriménil]] |- | 88482 | 88140 | [[Eurivilla]] |- | 88483 | 88390 | [[Ursiniacum]] |- | 88484 | 88220 | [[Usminga]] |- | 88485 | 88140 | [[La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie]] |- | 88486 | 88120 | [[Vainiacum]] |- | 88487 | 88340 | [[Le Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88488 | 88270 | [[Valefridicurtis]] |- | 88489 | 88270 | [[Vallis Regia (Vosegus)|Vallis Regia]] |- | 88490 | 88800 | [[Vallis Regia Sicca]] |- | 88491 | 88260 | [[Tres Valesii]] |- | 88492 | 88230 | [[Le Valtin]] |- | 88493 | 88450 | [[Varmonzey]] |- | 88494 | 88500 | [[Vaubexy]] |- | 88495 | 88000 | [[Waldinivilla]] |- | 88496 | 88140 | [[Valdonis curtis (Vosegus)|Valdonis curtis]] |- | 88497 | 88330 | [[Wauxoncuria]] |- | 88498 | 88200 | [[Vecoux]] |- | 88499 | 88270 | [[Velotte-et-Tatignécourt]] |- | 88500 | 88310 | [[Ventron]] |- | 88501 | 88210 | [[Le Vermont]] |- | 88502 | 88600 | [[Vervezelle]] |- | 88503 | 88110 | [[Vexaincourt]] |- | 88504 | 88170 | [[Vicherey]] |- | 88505 | 88430 | [[Vienville]] |- | 88506 | 88210 | [[Vieux-Moulin (Vosegus)|Vieux-Moulin]] |- | 88507 | 88500 | [[Villers (Vosegus)|Villers]] |- | 88508 | 88270 | [[Ville-sur-Illon]] |- | 88509 | 88150 | [[Villoncourt]] |- | 88510 | 88320 | [[Villotte]] |- | 88511 | 88350 | [[Villouxel]] |- | 88512 | 88600 | [[Viménil]] |- | 88513 | 88450 | [[Vincey]] |- | 88514 | 88170 | [[Viocourt]] |- | 88515 | 88260 | [[Vioménil]] |- | 88516 | 88800 | [[Vittel]] |- | 88517 | 88260 | [[Viviers-le-Gras]] |- | 88518 | 88500 | [[Viviers-lès-Offroicourt]] |- | 88519 | 88470 | [[La Voivre (Vosegus)|La Voivre]] |- | 88520 | 88240 | [[Les Voivres]] |- | 88521 | 88700 | [[Vomécourt]] |- | 88522 | 88500 | [[Vomécourt-sur-Madon]] |- | 88523 | 88170 | [[Vouxey]] |- | 88524 | 88140 | [[Vrécourt]] |- | 88525 | 88500 | [[Vroville]] |- | 88526 | 88520 | [[Wisembach]] |- | 88527 | 88700 | [[Xaffévillers]] |- | 88528 | 88460 | [[Xamontarupt]] |- | 88529 | 88130 | [[Xaronval]] |- | 88530 | 88220 | [[Scatiniacum]] |- | 88531 | 88400 | [[Xonrupt-Longemer]] |- | 88532 | 88330 | [[Zincourt]] |} {{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi|!]] f881ib1i4q2du8luo8wlrjesylaou1a 3965087 3965068 2026-06-15T16:53:02Z Pippobuono 54500 nomen latine 3965087 wikitext text/x-wiki Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 515 numero. [[Fasciculus:Vosges-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]] [[Fasciculus: Senones vu du Petit Paris.jpg|thumb|Despectus in ''[[ Senones ]]'']] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88001 | 88270 | [[Les Ableuvenettes]] |- | 88002 | 88500 | [[Ahéville]] |- | 88003 | 88140 | [[Aingeville]] |- | 88004 | 88320 | [[Ainvelle (Vosegus)|Ainvelle]] |- | 88005 | 88110 | [[Allarmont]] |- | 88006 | 88500 | [[Ambacuria]] |- | 88007 | 88410 | [[Ameuvelle]] |- | 88008 | 88700 | [[Anglemont]] |- | 88009 | 88650 | [[Anould]] |- | 88010 | 88170 | [[Aouze]] |- | 88011 | 88380 | [[Arches (Vosegus)|Arches]] |- | 88012 | 88380 | [[Archettes]] |- | 88013 | 88170 | [[Aroffe]] |- | 88014 | 88430 | [[Arrentès-de-Corcieux]] |- | 88015 | 88300 | [[Attignéville]] |- | 88016 | 88260 | [[Attigny (Vosegus)|Attigny]] |- | 88017 | 88300 | [[Aulnois]] |- | 88018 | 88640 | [[Aumontzey]] |- | 88019 | 88300 | [[Autigny-la-Tour]] |- | 88020 | 88300 | [[Autreville (Vosegus)|Autreville]] |- | 88021 | 88700 | [[Autrey (Vosegus)|Autrey]] |- | 88022 | 88140 | [[Auzainvilliers]] |- | 88023 | 88500 | [[Avillers (Vosegus)|Avillers]] |- | 88024 | 88130 | [[Avrainville (Vosegus)|Avrainville]] |- | 88025 | 88630 | [[Avranville]] |- | 88026 | 88600 | [[Aydoilles]] |- | 88027 | 88330 | [[Badménil-aux-Bois]] |- | 88028 | 88460 | [[La Baffe]] |- | 88029 | 88240 | [[Bains-les-Bains]] |- | 88030 | 88270 | [[Bainville-aux-Saules]] |- | 88031 | 88170 | [[Balléville]] |- | 88032 | 88520 | [[Ban-de-Laveline]] |- | 88033 | 88210 | [[Ban-de-Sapt]] |- | 88106 | 88230 | [[Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy]] |- | 88035 | 88640 | [[Barbey-Seroux]] |- | 88036 | 88300 | [[Barville (Vosegus)|Barville]] |- | 88037 | 88120 | [[Basse-sur-le-Rupt]] |- | 88038 | 88130 | [[Battexey]] |- | 88039 | 88500 | [[Baudricourt]] |- | 88040 | 88150 | [[Bayecourt]] |- | 88041 | 88270 | [[Bazegney]] |- | 88042 | 88700 | [[Bazien]] |- | 88043 | 88500 | [[Bazoilles-et-Ménil]] |- | 88044 | 88300 | [[Bazoilles-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88045 | 88300 | [[Beaufremont]] |- | 88046 | 88600 | [[Beauménil]] |- | 88047 | 88270 | [[Begnécourt]] |- | 88048 | 88370 | [[Bellefontaine (Vosegus)|Bellefontaine]] |- | 88049 | 88260 | [[Belmont-lès-Darney]] |- | 88050 | 88600 | [[Belmont-sur-Buttant]] |- | 88051 | 88800 | [[Belmont-sur-Vair]] |- | 88052 | 88260 | [[Belrupt]] |- | 88053 | 88210 | [[Belval (Vosegus)|Belval]] |- | 88054 | 88520 | [[Bertrimoutier]] |- | 88055 | 88450 | [[Bettegney-Saint-Brice]] |- | 88056 | 88500 | [[Bettoncourt]] |- | 88057 | 88490 | [[Le Beulay]] |- | 88058 | 88170 | [[Biécourt]] |- | 88059 | 88430 | [[Biffontaine]] |- | 88060 | 88500 | [[Blémerey (Vosegus)|Blémerey]] |- | 88061 | 88410 | [[Bleurville]] |- | 88062 | 88320 | [[Blevaincourt]] |- | 88063 | 88270 | [[Bocquegney]] |- | 88064 | 88600 | [[Bois-de-Champ]] |- | 88065 | 88260 | [[Bonvillet]] |- | 88066 | 88500 | [[Boulaincourt]] |- | 88068 | 88470 | [[La Bourgonce]] |- | 88069 | 88270 | [[Bouxières-aux-Bois]] |- | 88070 | 88130 | [[Bouxurulles]] |- | 88071 | 88270 | [[Bouzemont]] |- | 88073 | 88130 | [[Brantigny]] |- | 88074 | 88350 | [[Brechainville]] |- | 88075 | 88250 | [[La Bresse]] |- | 88076 | 88600 | [[Brouvelieures]] |- | 88077 | 88700 | [[Brû]] |- | 88078 | 88600 | [[Bruyères]] |- | 88079 | 88140 | [[Boloniacivilla]] |- | 88080 | 88700 | [[Bult]] |- | 88081 | 88540 | [[Bussang]] |- | 88082 | 88110 | [[Celles-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88083 | 88300 | [[Certilleux]] |- | 88084 | 88130 | [[Chamagne]] |- | 88085 | 88640 | [[Champdray]] |- | 88086 | 88600 | [[Ducis Campus|Champ-le-Duc]] |- | 88087 | 88000 | [[Chantraine (commune)|Chantraine]] |- | 88088 | 88240 | [[La Chapelle-aux-Bois]] |- | 88089 | 88600 | [[La Chapelle-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88090 | 88130 | [[Carpinia]] |- | 88091 | 88460 | [[Charmois-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88092 | 88270 | [[Charmois-l'Orgueilleux]] |- | 88093 | 88210 | [[Châtas]] |- | 88094 | 88330 | [[Châtel-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88095 | 88170 | [[Châtenois (Vosegus)|Châtenois]] |- | 88096 | 88410 | [[Châtillon-sur-Saône]] |- | 88097 | 88500 | [[Chauffecourt]] |- | 88098 | 88390 | [[Chaumousey]] |- | 88099 | 88150 | [[Chavelot]] |- | 88100 | 88500 | [[Chef-Haut]] |- | 88101 | 88460 | [[Cheniménil]] |- | 88102 | 88630 | [[Chermisey]] |- | 88103 | 88270 | [[Circourt]] |- | 88104 | 88300 | [[Circourt-sur-Mouzon]] |- | 88105 | 88410 | [[Claudon]] |- | 88107 | 88630 | [[Clérey-la-Côte]] |- | 88108 | 88240 | [[Le Clerjus]] |- | 88109 | 88120 | [[Cleurie]] |- | 88110 | 88700 | [[Clézentaine]] |- | 88111 | 88100 | [[Coinches]] |- | 88112 | 88490 | [[Colroy-la-Grande]] |- | 88113 | 88490 | [[Combrimont]] |- | 88114 | 88140 | [[Gundrecivilla]] |- | 88115 | 88430 | [[Corcieux]] |- | 88116 | 88310 | [[Cornimont]] |- | 88117 | 88170 | [[Courcelles-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88118 | 88630 | [[Coussey]] |- | 88119 | 88140 | [[Crainvilliers]] |- | 88120 | 88520 | [[La Croix-aux-Mines]] |- | 88121 | 88330 | [[Damas-aux-Bois]] |- | 88122 | 88270 | [[Damas-et-Bettegney]] |- | 88123 | 88320 | [[Damblain]] |- | 88124 | 88260 | [[Darney]] |- | 88125 | 88170 | [[Darney-aux-Chênes]] |- | 88126 | 88390 | [[Darnieulles]] |- | 88127 | 88700 | [[Deinvillers]] |- | 88128 | 88210 | [[Denipaire]] |- | 88129 | 88270 | [[Derbamont]] |- | 88130 | 88600 | [[Destord]] |- | 88131 | 88600 | [[Deycimont]] |- | 88132 | 88000 | [[Deyvillers]] |- | 88133 | 88000 | [[Dignonville]] |- | 88134 | 88000 | [[Dinozé]] |- | 88135 | 88460 | [[Docelles]] |- | 88136 | 88000 | [[Dogneville]] |- | 88137 | 88170 | [[Dolaincourt]] |- | 88138 | 88260 | [[Dombasle-devant-Darney]] |- | 88139 | 88500 | [[Dombasle-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88140 | 88140 | [[Dombrot-le-Sec]] |- | 88141 | 88170 | [[Dombrot-sur-Vair]] |- | 88144 | 88500 | [[Domèvre-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88142 | 88390 | [[Domèvre-sur-Avière]] |- | 88143 | 88330 | [[Domèvre-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88145 | 88600 | [[Domfaing]] |- | 88146 | 88800 | [[Domjulien]] |- | 88147 | 88390 | [[Dommartin-aux-Bois]] |- | 88148 | 88200 | [[Domnus Martinus (Romaricus Mons)]] |- | 88149 | 88260 | [[Dommartin-lès-Vallois]] |- | 88150 | 88170 | [[Dommartin-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88151 | 88270 | [[Donoparium]] |- | 88152 | 88600 | [[Dompierre (Vosegus)|Dompierre]] |- | 88153 | 88700 | [[Domptail]] |- | 88154 | 88630 | [[Domnum Remigium]] |- | 88155 | 88500 | [[Domvallier]] |- | 88156 | 88700 | [[Doncières]] |- | 88157 | 88220 | [[Dounoux]] |- | 88158 | 88510 | [[Éloyes]] |- | 88159 | 88650 | [[Entre-deux-Eaux]] |- | 88160 | 88000 | [[Spinalium]] |- | 88161 | 88260 | [[Escles]] |- | 88162 | 88260 | [[Esley]] |- | 88163 | 88130 | [[Essegney]] |- | 88164 | 88500 | [[Estrennes]] |- | 88165 | 88480 | [[Étival-Clairefontaine]] |- | 88166 | 88450 | [[Évaux-et-Ménil]] |- | 88167 | 88460 | [[Faucompierre]] |- | 88168 | 88700 | [[Fauconcourt]] |- | 88169 | 88600 | [[Fays (Vosegus)|Fays]] |- | 88170 | 88360 | [[Ferdrupt]] |- | 88171 | 88410 | [[Fignévelle]] |- | 88172 | 88600 | [[Fiménil]] |- | 88173 | 88130 | [[Florémont]] |- | 88174 | 88390 | [[Fomerey]] |- | 88175 | 88600 | [[Fontenay (Vosegus)|Fontenay]] |- | 88176 | 88240 | [[Fontenoy-le-Château]] |- | 88177 | 88530 | [[La Forge (Vosegus)|La Forge]] |- | 88178 | 88390 | [[Les Forges (Vosegus)|Les Forges]] |- | 88179 | 88320 | [[Fouchécourt (Vosegus)|Fouchécourt]] |- | 88180 | 88320 | [[Frain]] |- | 88181 | 88230 | [[Fraize]] |- | 88182 | 88490 | [[Frapelle]] |- | 88183 | 88630 | [[Frebécourt]] |- | 88184 | 88600 | [[Fremifontaine]] |- | 88185 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Grande]] |- | 88186 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Petite]] |- | 88187 | 88270 | [[Frénois (Vosegus)|Frénois]] |- | 88188 | 88160 | [[Fresse-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88189 | 88350 | [[Fréville (Vosegus)|Fréville]] |- | 88190 | 88440 | [[Frizon]] |- | 88192 | 88270 | [[Gelvécourt-et-Adompt]] |- | 88193 | 88520 | [[Gemaingoutte]] |- | 88194 | 88170 | [[Gemmelaincourt]] |- | 88195 | 88140 | [[Gendreville]] |- | 88196 | 88400 | [[Gérardmer]] |- | 88197 | 88120 | [[Gerbamont]] |- | 88198 | 88430 | [[Gerbépal]] |- | 88199 | 88320 | [[Gignéville]] |- | 88200 | 88390 | [[Gigney]] |- | 88201 | 88390 | [[Girancourt]] |- | 88202 | 88500 | [[Gircourt-lès-Viéville]] |- | 88203 | 88600 | [[Girecourt-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88205 | 88340 | [[Girmont-Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88206 | 88170 | [[Gironcourt-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88208 | 88410 | [[Godoncourt]] |- | 88209 | 88190 | [[Golbey]] |- | 88210 | 88270 | [[Gorhey]] |- | 88212 | 88350 | [[Grand (Vosegus)|Grand]] |- | 88213 | 88490 | [[La Grande-Fosse]] |- | 88215 | 88210 | [[Grandrupt]] |- | 88214 | 88240 | [[Grandrupt-de-Bains]] |- | 88216 | 88600 | [[Grandvillers]] |- | 88218 | 88640 | [[Granges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88219 | 88630 | [[Greux]] |- | 88220 | 88410 | [[Grignoncourt]] |- | 88221 | 88240 | [[Gruey-lès-Surance]] |- | 88222 | 88600 | [[Gugnécourt]] |- | 88223 | 88450 | [[Gugney-aux-Aulx]] |- | 88224 | 88330 | [[Hadigny-les-Verrières]] |- | 88225 | 88220 | [[Hadol]] |- | 88226 | 88270 | [[Hagécourt]] |- | 88227 | 88300 | [[Hagnéville-et-Roncourt]] |- | 88228 | 88330 | [[Haillainville]] |- | 88229 | 88300 | [[Harchéchamp]] |- | 88230 | 88700 | [[Hardancourt]] |- | 88231 | 88800 | [[Haréville]] |- | 88232 | 88300 | [[Harmonville]] |- | 88233 | 88270 | [[Harol]] |- | 88234 | 88240 | [[Harsault]] |- | 88235 | 88240 | [[Hautmougey]] |- | 88236 | 88240 | [[La Haye (Vosegus)|La Haye]] |- | 88237 | 88270 | [[Hennecourt]] |- | 88238 | 88260 | [[Hennezel]] |- | 88239 | 88130 | [[Hergugney]] |- | 88240 | 88600 | [[Herpelmont]] |- | 88241 | 88170 | [[Houécourt]] |- | 88242 | 88300 | [[Houéville]] |- | 88243 | 88700 | [[Housseras]] |- | 88244 | 88430 | [[La Houssière]] |- | 88245 | 88210 | [[Hurbache]] |- | 88246 | 88500 | [[Hymont]] |- | 88247 | 88150 | [[Igney (Vosegus)|Igney]] |- | 88248 | 88320 | [[Isches]] |- | 88249 | 88300 | [[Jainvillotte]] |- | 88250 | 88550 | [[Jarménil]] |- | 88251 | 88700 | [[Jeanménil]] |- | 88252 | 88260 | [[Jésonville]] |- | 88253 | 88000 | [[Jeuxey]] |- | 88254 | 88500 | [[Jorxey]] |- | 88255 | 88630 | [[Jubainville]] |- | 88256 | 88640 | [[Jussarupt]] |- | 88257 | 88500 | [[Juvaincourt]] |- | 88258 | 88320 | [[Lamarche]] |- | 88259 | 88300 | [[Landaville]] |- | 88260 | 88130 | [[Langley (Vosegus)|Langley]] |- | 88261 | 88600 | [[Laval-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88262 | 88600 | [[Laveline-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88263 | 88640 | [[Laveline-du-Houx]] |- | 88264 | 88270 | [[Légéville-et-Bonfays]] |- | 88265 | 88300 | [[Lemmecourt]] |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88266 | 88600 | [[Lépanges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88267 | 88260 | [[Lerrain]] |- | 88268 | 88490 | [[Lesseux]] |- | 88269 | 88400 | [[Liézey]] |- | 88270 | 88350 | [[Liffol-le-Grand]] |- | 88271 | 88800 | [[Lignéville]] |- | 88272 | 88410 | [[Lironcourt]] |- | 88273 | 88000 | [[Longchamp (Vosegus)|Longchamp]] |- | 88274 | 88170 | [[Longchamp-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88275 | 88490 | [[Lubine]] |- | 88276 | 88490 | [[Lusse]] |- | 88277 | 88110 | [[Luvigny]] |- | 88278 | 88170 | [[Maconcourt]] |- | 88279 | 88270 | [[Madecourt]] |- | 88280 | 88450 | [[Madegney]] |- | 88281 | 88270 | [[Madonne-et-Lamerey]] |- | 88282 | 88240 | [[Le Magny (Vosegus)|Le Magny]] |- | 88283 | 88140 | [[Malaincourt]] |- | 88284 | 88650 | [[Mandray]] |- | 88285 | 88800 | [[Mandres-sur-Vair]] |- | 88286 | 88130 | [[Marainville-sur-Madon]] |- | 88287 | 88320 | [[Marey (Vosegus)|Marey]] |- | 88288 | 88270 | [[Maroncourt]] |- | 88289 | 88320 | [[Martigny-les-Bains]] |- | 88290 | 88300 | [[Martigny-les-Gerbonvaux]] |- | 88291 | 88410 | [[Martinvelle]] |- | 88292 | 88500 | [[Mattaincourt]] |- | 88293 | 88630 | [[Maxey-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88294 | 88150 | [[Mazeley]] |- | 88295 | 88500 | [[Mazirot]] |- | 88296 | 88140 | [[Médonville]] |- | 88297 | 88600 | [[Méménil]] |- | 88298 | 88700 | [[Ménarmont]] |- | 88302 | 88160 | [[Le Ménil]] |- | 88300 | 88210 | [[Ménil-de-Senones]] |- | 88299 | 88500 | [[Ménil-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88301 | 88700 | [[Ménil-sur-Belvitte]] |- | 88303 | 88630 | [[Midrevaux]] |- | 88304 | 88500 | [[Mirecurtium]] |- | 88305 | 88630 | [[Moncel-sur-Vair]] |- | 88306 | 88210 | [[Le Mont]] |- | 88309 | 88800 | [[Monthureux-le-Sec]] |- | 88310 | 88410 | [[Monthureux-sur-Saône]] |- | 88307 | 88320 | [[Mont-lès-Lamarche]] |- | 88308 | 88300 | [[Mont-lès-Neufchâteau]] |- | 88311 | 88240 | [[Montmotier]] |- | 88312 | 88170 | [[Morelmaison]] |- | 88313 | 88330 | [[Moriville]] |- | 88314 | 88320 | [[Morizécourt]] |- | 88315 | 88600 | [[Mortagne (Vosegus)|Mortagne]] |- | 88316 | 88140 | [[Morville (Vosegus)|Morville]] |- | 88317 | 88210 | [[Moussey (Vosegus)|Moussey]] |- | 88318 | 88700 | [[Moyemont]] |- | 88319 | 88420 | [[Moyenmoutier]] |- | 88320 | 88100 | [[Nayemont-les-Fosses]] |- | 88321 | 88300 | [[Neocastrum]] |- | 88322 | 88600 | [[La Neuveville-devant-Lépanges]] |- | 88324 | 88170 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88325 | 88800 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88326 | 88100 | [[Neuvillers-sur-Fave]] |- | 88327 | 88440 | [[Nomexy]] |- | 88328 | 88470 | [[Nompatelize]] |- | 88330 | 88260 | [[Nonville (Vosegus)|Nonville]] |- | 88331 | 88600 | [[Nonzeville]] |- | 88332 | 88800 | [[Norroy]] |- | 88333 | 88700 | [[Nossoncourt]] |- | 88334 | 88500 | [[Oëlleville]] |- | 88335 | 88500 | [[Offroicourt]] |- | 88336 | 88170 | [[Ollainville (Vosegus)|Ollainville]] |- | 88338 | 88700 | [[Ortoncourt]] |- | 88340 | 88700 | [[Padoux]] |- | 88341 | 88100 | [[Pair-et-Grandrupt]] |- | 88342 | 88330 | [[Pallegney]] |- | 88343 | 88800 | [[Parey-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88344 | 88350 | [[Pargny-sous-Mureau]] |- | 88345 | 88490 | [[La Petite-Fosse]] |- | 88346 | 88210 | [[La Petite-Raon]] |- | 88347 | 88270 | [[Pierrefitte (Vosegus)|Pierrefitte]] |- | 88348 | 88600 | [[Pierrepont-sur-l'Arentèle]] |- | 88349 | 88230 | [[Plainfaing]] |- | 88350 | 88170 | [[Pleuvezain]] |- | 88351 | 88370 | [[Plumberae]] |- | 88352 | 88300 | [[Pompierre]] |- | 88353 | 88260 | [[Pont-lès-Bonfays]] |- | 88354 | 88500 | [[Pont-sur-Madon]] |- | 88355 | 88330 | [[Portieux]] |- | 88356 | 88600 | [[Les Poulières]] |- | 88357 | 88500 | [[Poussay]] |- | 88358 | 88550 | [[Pouxeux]] |- | 88359 | 88600 | [[Prey (Vosegus)|Prey]] |- | 88360 | 88260 | [[Provenchères-lès-Darney]] |- | 88361 | 88490 | [[Provenchères-sur-Fave]] |- | 88362 | 88210 | [[Le Puid]] |- | 88363 | 88630 | [[Punerot]] |- | 88364 | 88500 | [[Puzieux (Vosegus)|Puzieux]] |- | 88365 | 88270 | [[Racécourt]] |- | 88366 | 88170 | [[Rainville (Vosegus)|Rainville]] |- | 88367 | 88700 | [[Rambervillers]] |- | 88368 | 88500 | [[Ramecourt (Vosegus)|Ramecourt]] |- | 88369 | 88160 | [[Ramonchamp]] |- | 88370 | 88270 | [[Rancourt (Vosegus)|Rancourt]] |- | 88371 | 88220 | [[Raon-aux-Bois]] |- | 88372 | 88110 | [[Raon-l'Étape]] |- | 88373 | 88110 | [[Raon-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88374 | 88130 | [[Rapey]] |- | 88375 | 88520 | [[Raves (Vosegus)|Raves]] |- | 88376 | 88300 | [[Rebeuville]] |- | 88377 | 88410 | [[Regnévelle]] |- | 88378 | 88450 | [[Regney]] |- | 88379 | 88330 | [[Rehaincourt]] |- | 88380 | 88640 | [[Rehaupal]] |- | 88381 | 88260 | [[Relanges]] |- | 88382 | 88500 | [[Remicourt (Vosegus)|Remicourt]] |- | 88383 | 88200 | [[Romarici Mons]] |- | 88386 | 88100 | [[Remomeix]] |- | 88385 | 88800 | [[Remoncourt (Vosegus)|Remoncourt]] |- | 88387 | 88170 | [[Removille]] |- | 88388 | 88390 | [[Renauvoid]] |- | 88389 | 88500 | [[Repel]] |- | 88390 | 88320 | [[Robécourt]] |- | 88391 | 88120 | [[Rochesson]] |- | 88392 | 88320 | [[Rocourt (Vosegus)|Rocourt]] |- | 88393 | 88300 | [[Rollainville]] |- | 88394 | 88320 | [[Romain-aux-Bois]] |- | 88395 | 88700 | [[Romont (Vosegus)|Romont]] |- | 88398 | 88600 | [[Les Rouges-Eaux]] |- | 88399 | 88460 | [[Le Roulier]] |- | 88400 | 88500 | [[Rouvres-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88401 | 88170 | [[Rouvres-la-Chétive]] |- | 88402 | 88700 | [[Roville-aux-Chênes]] |- | 88403 | 88500 | [[Rozerotte]] |- | 88404 | 88320 | [[Rozières-sur-Mouzon]] |- | 88406 | 88130 | [[Rugney]] |- | 88407 | 88630 | [[Ruppes]] |- | 88408 | 88360 | [[Rupt-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88409 | 88120 | [[Saint-Amé]] |- | 88411 | 88260 | [[Saint-Baslemont]] |- | 88412 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Benedictus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Benedictus]] |- | 88413 | 88100 | [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sanctus Deodatus]] |- | 88410 | 88700 | [[Sancta Barbara (Vosegus)|Sancta Barbara]] |- | 88418 | 88700 | [[Sancta Helena (Vosegus)|Sancta Helena]] |- | 88424 | 88100 | [[Sancta Margareta (Vosegus)|Sancta Margareta]] |- | 88415 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam]] |- | 88416 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Genesius]] |- | 88417 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Gorgonius]] |- | 88419 | 88210 | [[Saint-Jean-d'Ormont]] |- | 88421 | 88410 | [[Sanctus Iulianus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Iulianus]] |- | 88423 | 88650 | [[Sanctus Leonardus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Leonardus]] |- | 88425 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Mauricius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Mauricius]] |- | 88426 | 88560 | [[Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88427 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Memmius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Memmius]] |- | 88428 | 88470 | [[Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe]] |- | 88429 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Nabor (Vosegus)|Sanctus Nabor]] |- | 88430 | 88140 | [[Sanctus Audoenus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Audoenus]] |- | 88431 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Paulus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Paulus]] |- | 88432 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Petrimons]] |- | 88433 | 88500 | [[Sanctus Pancratius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Pancratius]] |- | 88434 | 88800 | [[Sancti Remigii Mons (Vosegus)|Sancti Remigii Mons]] |- | 88435 | 88480 | [[Sanctus Remigius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Remigius]] |- | 88436 | 88210 | [[Sanctus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Stephanus]] |- | 88437 | 88270 | [[Sanctus Valerius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Valerius]] |- | 88438 | 88470 | [[La Salle (Vosegus)|La Salle]] |- | 88439 | 88390 | [[Sanchey]] |- | 88440 | 88170 | [[Sandaucuria]] |- | 88441 | 88260 | [[Sans-Vallois]] |- | 88442 | 88120 | [[Sapois (Vosegus)|Sapois]] |- | 88443 | 88300 | [[Sartes]] |- | 88444 | 88210 | [[Le Saulcy]] |- | 88445 | 88580 | [[Salicetum (Vosegus)|Salicetum]] |- | 88446 | 88140 | [[Salsurae (Vosegus)|Salsurae]] |- | 88447 | 88290 | [[Salsuriae]] |- | 88448 | 88140 | [[Seivilla]] |- | 88449 | 88130 | [[Saviniacum (Vosegus)|Saviniacum]] |- | 88450 | 88320 | [[Senagda]] |- | 88451 | 88210 | [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senonia]] |- | 88452 | 88260 | [[Senonges]] |- | 88453 | 88630 | [[Seromons]] |- | 88454 | 88600 | [[Sarcus (Vosegus)|Sarcus]] |- | 88455 | 88320 | [[Sirecuria]] |- | 88456 | 88320 | [[Serocourt]] |- | 88457 | 88630 | [[Seona (Vosegus)|Seona]] |- | 88458 | 88130 | [[Solicuria]] |- | 88459 | 88170 | [[Soncuria]] |- | 88460 | 88630 | [[Solicia]] |- | 88461 | 88140 | [[Serewavilla]] |- | 88462 | 88120 | [[Le Syndicat]] |- | 88463 | 88100 | [[Tinctorivus]] |- | 88464 | 88460 | [[Tendon (Vosegus)|Tendon]] |- | 88465 | 88150 | [[Tado]] |- | 88466 | 88800 | [[Tillia]] |- | 88467 | 88290 | [[Thiéfosse]] |- | 88468 | 88160 | [[Le Thillot]] |- | 88469 | 88500 | [[Tirocuria]] |- | 88470 | 88530 | [[Le Tholy]] |- | 88471 | 88410 | [[Les Thons]] |- | 88472 | 88260 | [[Thuillières]] |- | 88473 | 88320 | [[Tignécourt]] |- | 88474 | 88300 | [[Tellum (Vosegus)|Tellum]] |- | 88475 | 88320 | [[Toteleni curtis]] |- | 88476 | 88500 | [[Totoni villa]] |- | 88477 | 88350 | [[Trampodium]] |- | 88478 | 88300 | [[Tranculfi villa]] |- | 88479 | 88240 | [[Trémonzey]] |- | 88480 | 88130 | [[Ubexy]] |- | 88481 | 88220 | [[Uriménil]] |- | 88482 | 88140 | [[Eurivilla]] |- | 88483 | 88390 | [[Ursiniacum]] |- | 88484 | 88220 | [[Usminga]] |- | 88485 | 88140 | [[La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie]] |- | 88486 | 88120 | [[Vainiacum]] |- | 88487 | 88340 | [[Le Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88488 | 88270 | [[Valefridicurtis]] |- | 88489 | 88270 | [[Vallis Regia (Vosegus)|Vallis Regia]] |- | 88490 | 88800 | [[Vallis Regia Sicca]] |- | 88491 | 88260 | [[Tres Valesii]] |- | 88492 | 88230 | [[Le Valtin]] |- | 88493 | 88450 | [[Varmonzey]] |- | 88494 | 88500 | [[Vaubexy]] |- | 88495 | 88000 | [[Waldinivilla]] |- | 88496 | 88140 | [[Valdonis curtis (Vosegus)|Valdonis curtis]] |- | 88497 | 88330 | [[Wauxoncuria]] |- | 88498 | 88200 | [[Vecoux]] |- | 88499 | 88270 | [[Velotte-et-Tatignécourt]] |- | 88500 | 88310 | [[Ventron]] |- | 88501 | 88210 | [[Le Vermont]] |- | 88502 | 88600 | [[Vervezelle]] |- | 88503 | 88110 | [[Vexaincourt]] |- | 88504 | 88170 | [[Vicherey]] |- | 88505 | 88430 | [[Vienville]] |- | 88506 | 88210 | [[Vieux-Moulin (Vosegus)|Vieux-Moulin]] |- | 88507 | 88500 | [[Villers (Vosegus)|Villers]] |- | 88508 | 88270 | [[Ville-sur-Illon]] |- | 88509 | 88150 | [[Villoncourt]] |- | 88510 | 88320 | [[Villotte]] |- | 88511 | 88350 | [[Villouxel]] |- | 88512 | 88600 | [[Viménil]] |- | 88513 | 88450 | [[Vincey]] |- | 88514 | 88170 | [[Viocourt]] |- | 88515 | 88260 | [[Vioménil]] |- | 88516 | 88800 | [[Vittel]] |- | 88517 | 88260 | [[Viviers-le-Gras]] |- | 88518 | 88500 | [[Viviers-lès-Offroicourt]] |- | 88519 | 88470 | [[La Voivre (Vosegus)|La Voivre]] |- | 88520 | 88240 | [[Les Voivres]] |- | 88521 | 88700 | [[Vomécourt]] |- | 88522 | 88500 | [[Vomécourt-sur-Madon]] |- | 88523 | 88170 | [[Vouxey]] |- | 88524 | 88140 | [[Vrécourt]] |- | 88525 | 88500 | [[Vroville]] |- | 88526 | 88520 | [[Wisembach]] |- | 88527 | 88700 | [[Xaffévillers]] |- | 88528 | 88460 | [[Xamontarupt]] |- | 88529 | 88130 | [[Xaronval]] |- | 88530 | 88220 | [[Scatiniacum]] |- | 88531 | 88400 | [[Xonrupt-Longemer]] |- | 88532 | 88330 | [[Zincourt]] |} {{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi|!]] d9iglg9jipabafv0ahuf4yti9zsg0za Insula Curacensis 0 125119 3965069 3932137 2026-06-15T15:10:28Z Ziv 172423 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:Curacao wapen.svg]] → [[File:Coat of arms of Curaçao.svg]] → File replacement: update to new version ([[c:c:GR]]) 3965069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} {| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" |+ <big>'''Land Curaçao<br />Pais Kòrsou'''</big> |- | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 | {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" |- | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Curaçao.svg|125px|Curacense vexillum]] | align="center" width="140px" | [[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of Curaçao.svg|125px|Curacense insigne]] |- | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Vexillum]]) | align="center" width="140px" | ([[Insigne]]) |} |- | align="center" colspan=2 | Hymnus nationalis: ''[[Himno di Kòrsou]]'' |- | align=center colspan=2 | [[Fasciculus:Curacao in its region.svg|200px|Situs insulae Curacensis]] |- | '''[[Lingua]]''' || [[lingua Batavica|Batavica]] et [[Papiamentice]] |- | '''[[Gentilitium]]''' || Curacensis-e |- | '''[[Caput (oppidum)|Caput]]''' || [[Gulielmopolis]] |- | '''[[Rex]]''' || [[Gulielmus Alexander]] |- | '''[[Gubernator]]''' || [[Fridericus Goedgedrag]] |- | '''[[Primus Minister]]''' || [[Ivar Asjes]] |- | '''[[Potestas legisfera]]''' || [[Status Curacenses]] ([[Batavice]]; ''Staten van Curaçao'') |- | '''[[Area (geometria)|Area]]'''<br />&nbsp;- Totalis <br />&nbsp;- % aqua | omnium <br /> 444 km&sup2; <br /> |- | '''[[Numerus incolarum]]'''<br />&nbsp;- Totalis ([[2004]])<br />&nbsp;- [[Spissitas incolarum|Spissitudo incolarum]] | omnium <br /> 142 180<br /> 319/km&sup2; |- | '''[[Autonomia]]''': | intra [[Regnum Nederlandiae]]<br />[[10 Octobris]] [[2010]] |- | '''[[Nummus]]''' || [[Florenus Antillarum Nederlandensium]] ([[Batave]]; ''Antilliaanse gulden'') |- | '''[[Zona horaria]]''' | UTC -4 |- | '''[[Interrete|Interretis]] dominium''' || .an adhuc in usu <br /> .cw assignatum sed haud adhuc activatum |- | '''[[Praefixum telephonicum]]''' | 599-9 |} [[Fasciculus:Willemstad harbor.jpg|left|thumb|upright=0.8|Batavica [[architectura]] iuxta Gulielmopolitanum portum.]] '''Insula Curacensis'''<ref>{{CathHierDiocese|will}}</ref> aut '''Curacium'''{{FD ref}}, seu '''Curassavia'''<ref>Anscharius Schlickum, ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften'' (Lipsiae, 1879): 164 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lateinisch_deutsches_Special_W%C3%B6rterbuch/_0WmnqM0THcC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Curassavia+kleinen+Antillen&pg=PA164&printsec=frontcover]. {{Ling|Theodisce}}</ref> ([[Batave]] ''Curaçao''; [[Papiamentum|Papiamentice]] ''Kòrsou''), est [[insula]] in meridiano [[Mare Caribicum|Mari Caribico]], iuxta [[litus]] [[Venetiola]]num. '''Terra Curacensis'''{{FD ref}} (Batave ''Land Curaçao''; Papiamentice ''Pais Kòrsou''), praecipuam insulam praeter parvam et desertam insulam [[Parva Curacensis|Parvam Curacensem]] (Batave ''Klein Curaçao''; Papiamentice ''Klein Kòrsou'') comprehendens, [[Regnum Nederlandiae|Regni Nederlandiae]] [[civitas constituens]] est, cuius [[caput (urbs)|caput]] est [[Gulielmopolis]] (Batave et Papiamentice ''Willemstad'').<ref>{{CathHierDiocese|will}}</ref> Curacensis maxima et cum maximo incolarum numero trium [[insulae ABC|insularum ABC]] (quae sunt [[Aruba]], [[Insula Boni Aëris|Bonus Aër]], Curacensis) [[Antillae Minores|Antillarum Minorum]], speciatim [[Antillae Adversus Ventum|Antillarum Adversus Ventum]]. 444 [[chiliometrum quadratum|chiliometrorum quadratorum]] lata est. E [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] [[2009]] 141&thinsp;766 incolarum habet. Ante [[10 Octobris]] [[2010]], ubi [[Antillae Nederlandenses]] [[Dissolutio Antillarum Nederlandensium|dissolutae]] sunt, Curacensis velut Territorium Insulare Curacense (Batave ''Eilandgebied Curaçao'', Papiamentice ''Teritorio Insular di Kòrsou''), unum e quinque territoriis insularibus antiquarum Antillarum Nederlandensium administrabatur. Codices civitatis [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-3]] CUW et [[ISO 3166-1 alpha-2]] CW Curacensi assignati sunt, sed [[dominium gradus supremi nationis|dominium interretiale ccTLD]] [[.cw]] adhuc in usu non est. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Antillae Nederlandenses]] [[Categoria:Curacensis|!]] [[Categoria:Nederlandia]] [[Categoria:Territoria separata]] bw0jlajv2wve2ru81syv8hi5ac1ablk Formula:Parametrum 10 130106 3965170 3836214 2026-06-16T05:55:09Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Para]] ad [[Formula:Parametrum]]: Nomen plenum 3836214 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><code style="word-break:break-word;{{safesubst:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{{forma|}}}|plana |border:none;color:inherit;background-color:inherit; }}{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}}}">&#124;{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}}|{{safesubst:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{{forma|}}}|plana |{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{color|}}}|<span style="color:{{{color}}};">{{{1}}}</span>|{{{1}}}}} |<span style="{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{color|}}}|color:{{{color}}}|color:#767600}};">{{{1}}}</span> }}}}&#61;{{{2|}}}</code></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> dv8oovq0o6fir8ziuhc7gm2r9ctx0ic 3965174 3965170 2026-06-16T06:02:16Z Grufo 64423 Minima 3965174 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><code style="word-break:break-word;{{safesubst:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{{forma|}}}|plana | border:none;color:inherit;background-color:inherit; }}{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}}}">&#124;{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}}|{{safesubst:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{{forma|}}}|plana | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{color|}}}|<span style="color:{{{color}}};">{{{1}}}</span>|{{{1}}}}} | <span style="{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{color|}}}|color:{{{color}}}|color:#767600}};">{{{1}}}</span> }}}}&#61;{{{2|}}}</code></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> 20ncgh2xd2wuc3jhc8318juwci4igyg Tabula rotata gubernabilis 0 162179 3965146 3964933 2026-06-16T02:09:13Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3965146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas}} [[Fasciculus:Early razor scooter.jpg|thumb|300px|Tabula rotata gubernabilis.]] {{res|Tabula rotata gubernabilis}},<ref>[[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'', editio secunda, 2009.</ref> seu fortasse {{res|(vehiculum) unipattinum}}{{Convertimus|sicut=[[Italice]]||barbarice=[[:it:monopattino|monopattino]]}} vel {{res|pattinulus}},{{FD ref}} est [[vehiculum]] corporeā [[vis|vi]] ab hominis actum, quod in tabula ad standum rotarum duarum, aliquando quattuor, et in manubrio consistere solet. Hodie huius generis vehicula plerumque ex [[aluminium|aluminio]], aut ex [[titanium|titanio]], aut ex [[ferrum|ferro]] fabricantur. {{NexInt}} * [[Tabula subrotata]] * [[Calceus subrotatus]] == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Kick scooters|tabulas rotatas gubernabiles}} {{vehiculum-stipula}} [[Categoria:Vehicula]] rmdq2t01itdpdcama31ah82fgme46uv Hermival-les-Vaux 0 164398 3965079 3435509 2026-06-15T15:43:38Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965079 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Hermival_Bourg_Vue_1.JPG |thumb|300px|Hermival-les-Vaux]] ''' Hermival-les-Vaux''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 847 incolarum (anno [[2009]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Calva Dorsa|Calvorum Dorsorum]] in regione [[Normannia Inferior]]i. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Calvorum Dorsorum]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Hermival-les-Vaux|Hermival-les-Vaux}} * {{INSEE commune|14326|de=Hermival-les-Vaux}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120309020614/http://www.cclisieuxpaysdauge.fr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8&Itemid=139 Hermival-les-Vaux pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Rupis Calvadosiae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rupis Calvadosiae]] 2q4rhjrhqj9m5aeq3lc4ryf8lra0h5r Reticulum Klumpenhouweranum 0 183577 3965137 3358842 2026-06-16T00:35:10Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 Mutatur nexus ad "reticulum": "reticulum (mathematica)" "lattice" Anglice est, non "network"; itaque nunc nexus relatus est paginae discretivae "reticuli" 3965137 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:7-note segment of C5.svg|thumb|Segmentum notarum septem in C7 [[circulus intervallium|circulo intervallium]].]] '''Reticulum Klumpenhouweranum,''' ex [[Henricus Klumpenhouwer|Henrico Klumpenhouwer]], [[theorista]] [[theoria musicae|musicus]] [[Canada|Canadiensi]] et olim discipulo doctorali [[David Lewin|Davidis Lewis]] in [[Universitas Harvardiana|Universitate Harvardiana]] appellatum, est "quodque [[reticulum ]] quod operationibus T et/vel I ([[transpositio (musica)|transpositione]] vel [[inversio (musica)|inversione]]) utitur ad interpretandas coniunctiones inter [[copia (musica)|copias]] [[classis soni|classium soni]].<ref>[[Anglice]]: "any network that uses T and/or I operations [transposition or inversion] to interpret interrelations among pcs" [pitch-class sets].</ref><ref name="Lewin">David Lewin, "Klumpenhouwer Networks and Some Isographies that Involve Them," ''[[Music Theory Spectrum]]'' 12 (1990)(1):83-120.</ref> Secundum [[Georgius Perle|Georgium Perle]], "Reticulum Klumpenhouwerianum est [[chorda]]<!-- vel concentus?--> per eius [[inversio (musica)#Theoria copiarum musicarum|summas]] et [[transpositio (musica)|differentias]] [[dyas (musica)|dyadicas]]" [[explicatio musica|explicata]]<!--musical analysis-->, et "hoc genus explicationis coniunctionum [[trias|triadicarum]] in notione [[copia cyclica|copiarum cyclicarum]] ab initio intellegebatur,<ref>[[Anglice]]: "A Klumpenhouwer network is a chord analyzed in terms of its dyadic sums and differences," et "this kind of analysis of triadic combinations was implicit in [the] concept of the cyclic set from the beginning." In George Perle, "Letter from George Perle," ''Music Theory Spectrum,'' 15(1993):300-303.</ref> in quo copiae cyclicae sunt [[copia (musica)|copiae]] quarum elementa alterna [[complementum (musica)#Regula rerum duodecim|complementarios]] unius [[intervallum (musica)|intervalli]]<!--vel: vocum discrimina (Helf. in Morgan)--> [[circulus intervallium|circulos]] aperiunt."<ref>Anglice: "sets whose alternate elements unfold complementary cycles of a single interval." In George Perle, ''Twelve-Tone Tonality'' (1996), p. 21. ISBN 0-520-20142-6.</ref> <!-- [[Fasciculus:Berg's Lyric Suite cyclic set.png|thumb|center|550px|Copia cyclica (summa 9) ex ''[[Sequentia Lyrica]]'' [[Albanus Berg|Bergiana]].]]--> "Notio Klumpenhouwerana, in eius significationibus ambo simplex et profunda, est quod sinit coniunctiones inversionales una cum transpositionales in reticulis sicut eis figurae primae,"<ref>Anglice: "Klumpenhouwer's idea, both simple and profound in its implications, is to allow inversional, as well as transpositional, relations into networks like those of Figure 1."</ref><ref name="Lewin"/> quae [[sagitta (typographia)|sagittam]] monstrat desuper a B ad F# nominatum T<sub>7</sub>, desuper a F# ad A nominatum T<sub>3</sub>, et sursum ab A ad B, nominatum T<sub>10</sub>, quod sinit ut repraesentatur a figura 2a, exempli gratia, nominatum I<sub>5</sub>, I<sub>3</sub>, et T<sub>2</sub>.<ref name="Lewin"/> In figura 4, hoc est (b) I<sub>7</sub>, I<sub>5</sub>, T<sub>2</sub> et (c) I<sub>5</sub>, I<sub>3</sub>, T<sub>2</sub>. [[Fasciculus:K-net transposition.png|thumb|Coniunctiones K-net, inversionales et transpositionales, [[sagitta (typographia)|sagittis]], [[littera|litteris]], [[numerus|numeris]] repraesantatae. Chorda 1.]] [[Fasciculus:K-net inversion.png|thumb|Inversionales K-net coniunctiones,[[sagitta|sagittis]], [[littera|litteris]], [[numerus|numeris]] repraesantatae. Chorda 1.]] [[Fasciculus:K-net inversion chord 3.png|thumb|Chorda 3, quae cum chorda 1 est exemplum regulae primae.]] {{NexInt}} * [[Classis intervallorum]] * [[Coniunctio similitudinis]]<!--Similarity relation--> * [[Isographia]] * [[Ordo tonorum]]<!--tone row--> * [[Prolongatio]] * [[Transformatio (musica)]] * [[Theoria transformationalis]] Lewiniana ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== * [[Allen Forte|Forte, Allen]]. [[1973]]. ''The Structure of Atonal Music.'' Portu Novo: Yale University Press. * Lewin, David. [[1987]]. ''Generalized Musical Intervals and Transformations.'' Portu Novo et Londinii: Yale University Press. * [[Donaldus Martino|Martino, Donald]]. [[1961]]. The Source Set and Its Aggregate Formations, ''Journal of Music Theory'' 5(2): 224–273. * Morris, Robert. [[1987]]. ''Composition with Pitch Classes'', p. 167. Portu Novo et Londinii: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03684-1. * [[Ioannes Rahn|Rahn, John]]. [[1980]]. ''Basic Atonal Theory.'' Novi Eboraci et Londinii: Longman's. * Roeder, John. [[1989]]. Harmonic Implications of Schonberg's Observations of Atonal Voice Leading, ''Journal of Music Theory'' 33(1):27–62. {{musica-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chordae]] [[Categoria:Modernismus (musica)]] [[Categoria:Theoria musica posttonalis]] heb8243kqvhe4g187gu23vdlppqf89q Hertfordia 0 203077 3965080 3423615 2026-06-15T15:55:03Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965080 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:St_Andrew,_Hertford,_Herts_-_geograph.org.uk_-_348905.jpg|thumb|Hertfordia: [[ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Andreas|Sancto Andreae]] dicata]] '''Hertfordia'''<ref>"Ab Hertfordia in Occasum, ad xij. milliare, fuit [[Verulamium|Verolanium]], urbs olim celeberrima": {{Google Books|49pSAAAAcAAJ|p. 33}}</ref> est [[urbs]] [[Anglia]]e. Urbi sunt circiter 28&nbsp;000 incolae (anno [[2001]] erant 24&nbsp;180). == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Hertford|Hertfordiam}} * [http://www.hertford.gov.uk/ Hertfordiae pagina interretialis] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200915184830/http://www.hertford.net/ De Hertfordia] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Hertfordia| ]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati comitatus Hertfordiensis]] amy5kzvodlz4iusrvtmnjgh8ghx55lt Iacobus Georgius Christianus Adler 0 228763 3965182 2852650 2026-06-16T10:54:57Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[c:COM:CDC|automaton]]: Substituens [[File:Jacob_Georg_Christian_Adler_Gemaelde.jpg]] pro File:JGCA-Gemaelde.jpg. CommonsDelinker hanc rationem dedit: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] 3965182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina non annexa}} [[Fasciculus:Jacob Georg Christian Adler Gemaelde.jpg|thumb|200px| Iacobus Georgius Christianus Adler]] ''' Iacobus Georgius Christianus Adler''' (natus in [[Arnis]] iuxta [[Kappeln]], [[Slesvicum et Holsatia|Ducatus Slesvicus]] die [[8 Decembris]] [[1756]]; mortuus est in [[Giekau]] iuxta [[Lütjenburg]] die [[22 Augusti]] [[1834]]) fuit [[theologus]], scriptor, praeceptor et rerum orientalium peritus . == Opera selecta == [[Fasciculus:Jacob Georg Christian Adler Reisebemerkungen auf einer Reise nach Rom-Titelblatt.jpg|thumb|Operis frons: ''Reisebemerkungen auf einer Reise nach Rom'']] * ''Sammlung v. gerichtlichen jüdischen Contrakten.'' Hamburgi et. Bützow 1773, 2. ed., Altona 1792 * ''Jvudaervum Codicis Sacriti Rite Scribendi Legese Libello Thalnvdico Massechet Sopherim In Lat. Conversae.'' Hamburg, i 1779 * ''Faksimilia kufischer Koranhandschriften der Kgl. Bibliothek in Hafniae mit einer Untersuchung über die arabischen Schriftentwicklung.'' Hafniae 1780 * ''Mvsevm Cvficum Borgianvm Veltina'', tomus. I. Romae 1787, tomus. II, Hafniae 1792 * ''Novi Testameni Versiones Syriacae, Simplex Philoxenia Et Hierosolymitana.'' Hafniae 1789 * ''Annalen des [[Abu l-Fida]]'' - Herausgeber des von J. J. Reiske bearbeiteten u. übersetzten Werkes (5 tomi.), Hafniae 1789-95 * ''Reisebemerkungen auf einer Reise nach Rom''. 363 S., Altona (edita a fratre Iohanne Christiano Georgio Adler) 1783 == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * {{PND|11864386X}} * {{BBKL|a/adler_j_g_c}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Adler, Iacobus Georgius Christianus}} [[Categoria:Theologi Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1756]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1834]] [[Categoria:Auctores Theodisci]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini recentiores]] 71brm526lalysc1hsw8ix8ysp4v6iwk Impetus Telavivi Iunio 2016 factus 0 259070 3965140 3097462 2026-06-16T01:03:54Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965140 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Max Brenner at Sarona Market 02.jpg |thumb|300px|Saronae [[Emporium (aedificium)|emporium]] cum coffearia ''Max Brenner'']] Propter '''insidias Telavivi die 8 Iunii 2016 locatas''' [[Sarona]]e in [[vicus|vico]] [[Telavivum|Telavivi]] [[Israel]]is, quattuor<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171130204535/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.723941 Situs interretialis.]</ref> homines interfecti et septem vulnerati sunt. == Casus == Hora 21:04 UTC+3 (UTC: 18:04) in [[Caupona cafearia|coffearia]] [[Max Brenner]] Saronae vici emptionalis, prope viam ''Ii Quattuor'' Telavivi, duos vires [[Palaestini|Palestinorum]], primum non notabiles<ref>[http://www.mako.co.il/news-military/security-q2_2016/Article-3270cd2b5343551004.htm Situs interretialis.]</ref>, assederunt. De improviso hora 21:30 telorum iaculationem incipiebant, ut undecim homines vulnerati, a quibus tres statim et quartus postea perierunt. Hora 21:40 ambo fugerunt, paulum postea verum comprehensi sunt. == Victima == A quattuor victimis una mater quattuor, unus pater duos [[liberi|liberos]] reliquit. Inter victimas Universitatis Ben-Gurion Negevi Professor Michael Feige<ref>http://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/prof-michael-feige-killed-in-tel-aviv-shooting-recalled-as-kind-grandfatherly/</ref> [[Anthropologia|anthropologiae]] et [[Sociologia|sociologiae]]. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> [[Categoria:Gesta tromocratica]] [[Categoria:2016]] [[Categoria:Telavivum]] [[Categoria:Historia Israelis]] 085twx3dgx8v4ivyw1nhgvznutfpqzc Patinus 0 259717 3965149 3091845 2026-06-16T02:29:20Z Grufo 64423 +“calceus ferratus” (Morgan) 3965149 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:Amateur ice hockey skates.jpg|thumb|250px|Pattini [[alsulegia glacialis|hocceici]].]] [[Imago:Figure-skates-1.jpg|thumb|250px|Pattini ad [[pattinaticum]] destinati.]] {{res|Pat(t)ini}}<ref>[[Iohannes Traupman]], ''Latin and English Dictionary'' (Novi Eboraci: Bantam Books, 2007), s.v. ''ice skate''</ref><ref>[[Reijo Pitkäranta]], ''[[Suomi-latina-suomi-sanakirja|Suomi-latina-suomi-sanakirja: Lexicon Finnico-Latino-Finnicum]]'', s.v. ''luistin'' (Helsinki 2002).</ref><ref>[[Ebbe Vilborg]]. ''[[Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok]], Editio secunda anni 2009'', sub voce ''skridsko''</ref><ref>[[Verbum (temporale)|Verbum]], quod ''“pat(t)inis moveri”'' significat, est '''pat(t)inare''' (Traupman, Pitkäranta, Vilborg).</ref> (e vocabulo [[Medium aevum|mediaevali]] ''patta'', ‘fibula lignea’{{DuCange ref|patta}}) seu {{res|calcei ferrati}}{{MLAL ref|ice-skate|161|.athl skate, ice}} sunt instrumenta [[calceus|calceorum]] similia, quibus {{res|pat(t)inator}}<ref>Iohannes Traupman, ''Latin and English Dictionary'', s.v. ''skater''.</ref><ref>Reijo Pitkäranta, ''Suomi-latina-suomi-sanakirja'', s.v. ''luistelija''.</ref> in glacie sublabi potest. Ad hanc finem acies metallicae pattinis suppositae sunt. Pattini inter se dissimili ad [[alsulegia glacialis|alsulegiam glacialem sive hocceium]], [[pattinaticum]], [[pililudus glacialis|pililudum glacialem]], atque ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pattinatio velox|pattinationem velocem|en|qid=Q192431}} adhibentur. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ice skating shoes|pattinos}} *[http://www.iceskatesmuseum.com/ Museum interretiale ad pattinos dedicatum] [[Categoria:Exercitatio corporis]] 2zh9e6azvtygszbiwbuseb67xz6l0a7 3965168 3965149 2026-06-16T04:07:39Z Grufo 64423 3965168 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:Amateur ice hockey skates.jpg|thumb|250px|Pattini [[alsulegia glacialis|hocceici]].]] [[Imago:Figure-skates-1.jpg|thumb|250px|Pattini ad [[pattinaticum]] destinati.]] {{res|Pat(t)ini}}<ref>[[Iohannes Traupman]], ''Latin and English Dictionary'' (Novi Eboraci: Bantam Books, 2007), s.v. ''ice skate''</ref><ref>[[Reijo Pitkäranta]], ''[[Suomi-latina-suomi-sanakirja|Suomi-latina-suomi-sanakirja: Lexicon Finnico-Latino-Finnicum]]'', s.v. ''luistin'' (Helsinki 2002).</ref><ref>[[Ebbe Vilborg]]. ''[[Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok]], Editio secunda anni 2009'', sub voce ''skridsko''</ref><ref>[[Verbum (temporale)|Verbum]], quod ''“pat(t)inis moveri”'' significat, est '''pat(t)inare''' (Traupman, Pitkäranta, Vilborg).</ref> (e vocabulo [[Medium aevum|mediaevali]] ''patta'', ‘fibula lignea’{{DuCange ref|patta}}) seu {{res|calcei ferrati}}{{MLAL ref|ice-skate|161|.athl skate, ice}} sunt instrumenta [[calceus|calceorum]] similia, quibus {{res|pat(t)inator}}<ref>Iohannes Traupman, ''Latin and English Dictionary'', s.v. ''skater''.</ref><ref>Reijo Pitkäranta, ''Suomi-latina-suomi-sanakirja'', s.v. ''luistelija''.</ref> super glaciem sublabi potest. Ad hanc finem acies metallicae pattinis suppositae sunt. Pattini inter se dissimili ad [[alsulegia glacialis|alsulegiam glacialem sive hocceium]], [[pattinaticum]], [[pililudus glacialis|pililudum glacialem]], atque ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pattinatio velox|pattinationem velocem|en|qid=Q192431}} adhibentur. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ice skating shoes|pattinos}} *[http://www.iceskatesmuseum.com/ Museum interretiale ad pattinos dedicatum] [[Categoria:Exercitatio corporis]] pq8obj1v89ln50wle7469yj2ip7uqlt Ioannes Jambon 0 283500 3965175 3492497 2026-06-16T08:06:24Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ioannes''' (vulgo ''Jan'' vel rite ''Johan'') '''Jambon''' (natus {{creanda|nl|Genk}} in oppido die [[26 Aprilis]] [[1960]]) est [[politicus]] [[Belgica|Belgicae]], factionis [[Nova Consociatio Flandrica|Novae Consociationis Flandricae]] (NV-A). De anno [[2014]] ad annum [[2018]] minister securitatis rerumque internarum rectionis foederalis Belgicae erat. A die [[2 Octobris]] [[2019]] minister praeses [[Flandria]]e est. == Nexus externus == [https://web.archive.org/web/20240826175409/https://www.janjambon.be/ Situs proprius] {{bio-stipula}} {{Ministri Belgici Michel}} {{Ministri praesides Flandriae}} {{Lifetime|1960||Jambon, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Politici Belgicae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Flandriae]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Liberae Bruxellensis (VUB)]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Antverpiensis]] pbqlkiavqjt5k20t7rbfnkgdg0m92jf Ioannes Spondanus 0 287786 3965178 3524066 2026-06-16T09:51:36Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ioannes Spondanus''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Jean de Sponde'', [[Vasconice]] ''Joanes Ezponda''), anno [[1557]] [[Mauleo]]ne natus et die [[18 Martii]] anno [[1595]] [[Burdigala]]e mortuus, [[Vascones|Vasco]] origine, fuit [[poeta]] Francogallicus [[Barocus|baroci]] generis, [[latinista]] et [[Homerus|Homeri]] editor et interpres. ==Vita et opera== [[Regnum Navarrae|Navarrae]] in familia [[Calvinismus|Calvinistarum]] natus, in [[Universitas Basiliensis|Universitate Basiliensi]] a [[Theodorus Beza|Theodoro Beza]] aliisque educatus, [[Homerus|Homerum]] cum versione Latina amplissimisque commentariis et ''[[Politica (Aristoteles)|Politica]]'' Aristotelis edidit. Francogallice librum meditationum de [[Liber Psalmorum|psalmis]] aliosque libros de poesi Christiana composuit. [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholicus]] factus est, sicut et [[Henricus IV (rex Francorum)|Henricus IV]] patronus eius. [[Sonetum|Soneta]] et alia carmina Spondani Francogallica tantum saeculo XX iterum edita sunt. ==De Spondano== * Alan Boase, ''Vie de Jean de Sponde'', Genavae 1977. *Jacques Pineaux, ''La poésie des protestants de langue française (1559–1598)'', Lutetiae 1971. * Rieu J. ''Jean de Sponde, ou, La cohérence intérieure''. Genavae, 1988. * Lardon S. ''L'écriture de la méditation chez Jean de Sponde''. Lutetiae 1998. ==Nexus externi== {{fontes biographici}} *[http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10138706-7 ''Homeri quae extant omnia'' Ilias, Odyssea, Batrachomyomachia, Hymni, Poematia aliquot cum Latina versione … Pindari quinetiam Thebani Epitome Iliados Latinis versibus et Daretis Phrygii de bello Troiano libri... cum commentariis Ioannis Spondani, Basileae 1583]; [http://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/59064/7/ editio anni 1686]. * [[:s:fr:Auteur:Jean_de_Sponde|Carmina Spondani Francogallica apud ''Vicifontem'']] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250222121716/https://www.babelio.com/users/AVT_Jean-de-Sponde_9435.jpg Imago Ioannis Spondani] in [[medalia]] apud ''Babelio.com'' {{Lifetime|1557|1595|Spondanus, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Poetae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]] [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Homerici]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Basiliensis]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Graeco-Latini]] 4snp3cl7gyennqpw7rlxno5ub17r8oa Modulus:Transclusion count/data/C 828 299506 3965184 3960003 2026-06-16T11:05:56Z Smallem 148377 Pagina renovata 3965184 Scribunto text/plain return { ["Capsa_Vicidata"] = 20000, ["Capsa_Vicidatorum"] = 34000, ["Capsa_Vicidatorum/imago"] = 34000, ["Capsa_Vicidatorum/styles.css"] = 34000, ["Capsa_annuntiationis"] = 5600, ["Capsa_asteroidis"] = 8400, ["Capsa_discretiva"] = 4400, ["Capsa_disputationis"] = 5200, ["Capsa_hominis_Vicidata"] = 13000, ["Capsa_hominis_Vicidatorum"] = 13000, ["Capsa_navigationis"] = 18000, ["Capsa_navigationis/styles.css"] = 18000, ["Capsa_notionis"] = 83000, ["Capsa_subdivisionis_Vicidata"] = 2500, ["Capsa_subdivisionis_Vicidatorum"] = 2900, ["Capsa_tabellaria/styles.css"] = 12000, ["Capsa_taxinomica"] = 5300, ["Capsa_urbis_Vicidata"] = 14000, ["Capsa_urbis_Vicidatorum"] = 17000, ["Categoria_Mortui/a.C.n."] = 6100, ["Categoria_anni"] = 2800, ["Categoriae_hominis_Vicidata"] = 28000, ["Categoriae_hominis_Vicidatorum"] = 28000, ["CathHier"] = 2400, ["Citation/core"] = 14000, ["Citation/make_link"] = 14000, ["Cite_web"] = 12000, ["Column-count"] = 2100, ["Commentatio_principalis_categoriae"] = 3200, ["Commonscat"] = 2500, ["Communia"] = 2100, ["CommuniaCat"] = 81000, ["Creanda"] = 2300, ["Creanda/nexus"] = 2300, ["Creanda/prima"] = 2300, } phg5krmhyt4u04sszswnzq5xerptsno Modulus:Transclusion count/data/F 828 299509 3965185 3960004 2026-06-16T11:06:26Z Smallem 148377 Pagina renovata 3965185 Scribunto text/plain return { ["Fn"] = 5300, ["Fontes_biographici"] = 4000, ["Fontes_biologici"] = 2500, ["Fontes_geographici"] = 40000, } njf7dvcdbecve10cdsywilz4nvzfhez Modulus:Transclusion count/data/V 828 299510 3965191 3950623 2026-06-16T11:09:06Z Smallem 148377 Pagina renovata 3965191 Scribunto text/plain return { ["Vicispecies"] = 2000, ["Victio"] = 7100, ["Vide_paginam_discretivam"] = 7200, ["Videdis"] = 3200, ["Vitta_navigationis"] = 12000, ["Module:Vicidata"] = 38000, } qzce6mvrcyugll07zif39vfbaoipps1 Modulus:Transclusion count/data/N 828 299512 3965187 3960005 2026-06-16T11:07:46Z Smallem 148377 Pagina renovata 3965187 Scribunto text/plain return { ["NASA_JPL"] = 8400, ["NexInt"] = 62000, ["Nexuli_recensorii"] = 3600, ["Nexuli_recensorii/styles.css"] = 3600, ["Nexus_ad_alias_linguas_de_fontibus_nominum_Latinorum"] = 3100, ["Nexus_ad_alias_linguas_de_opibus_nexibusque_pro_usoribus_novis"] = 3100, ["Nexus_ad_alias_linguas_de_orthographia"] = 3100, ["Nexus_ad_formulam"] = 5400, ["Nexus_deficit"] = 6000, ["Nexus_deficitur"] = 4200, ["Nexus_interviciales_absunt"] = 2400, ["Nomen_in_Indice_Interretiali_Pellicularum"] = 2200, } q3hebdeymunjjtr6jz50cbrufo4a8q3 Modulus:Transclusion count/data/A 828 299517 3965183 3954930 2026-06-16T11:05:36Z Smallem 148377 Pagina renovata 3965183 Scribunto text/plain return { ["Anni_vitae"] = 14000, ["Annus"] = 2800, ["Attributio"] = 4500, ["Attributio_extera"] = 4500, ["Module:Arguments"] = 2600, } omv1ot2lue3ckgoibmqjz7wfebrdu2k Modulus:Transclusion count/data/R 828 299519 3965188 3960007 2026-06-16T11:08:26Z Smallem 148377 Pagina renovata 3965188 Scribunto text/plain return { ["Res"] = 4200, } pscp3tg8qz1lqe1cvul9n6m2dtrmsza Modulus:Transclusion count/data/G 828 299526 3965186 3945143 2026-06-16T11:06:36Z Smallem 148377 Pagina renovata 3965186 Scribunto text/plain return { ["Geo-stipula"] = 41000, ["Google_Books"] = 4100, ["Graesse"] = 3200, } rfjveplt84233z2rbcah8xyxb2anrpc Modulus:Transclusion count/data/S 828 299529 3965189 3960008 2026-06-16T11:08:36Z Smallem 148377 Pagina renovata 3965189 Scribunto text/plain return { ["Salve"] = 3400, ["Si_in_substitutione"] = 6900, ["Substitutio_signata"] = 3500, ["Substitutio_signata/encyclopaedica"] = 3500, ["Systema_solare_nostrum"] = 8500, ["Module:String"] = 3500, } 7cccwz36cfurq1pk4wg7ea75sod5m2o Modulus:Transclusion count/data/T 828 299534 3965190 3960009 2026-06-16T11:08:46Z Smallem 148377 Pagina renovata 3965190 Scribunto text/plain return { ["Taxobox"] = 5100, ["Textus_in_columnas_divisus_finitur"] = 2200, ["Textus_in_columnas_divisus_incipitur"] = 2200, ["Textus_planus"] = 4500, ["Titulus_italicus"] = 5300, ["Transl"] = 5200, ["Module:TableTools"] = 2500, ["Module:Translitteratio"] = 4500, } 464gcj703oit6ni5l4uvkvw3ijtie77 Formula:Parametrum/doc 10 308702 3965172 3949495 2026-06-16T05:55:12Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Para/doc]] ad [[Formula:Parametrum/doc]] sine redirectione: Nomen plenum 3949495 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula substituibilis|...}} Utere hac formula ut parametrum [[Vicipaedia:Formula|formulae]] ostendas. == De usu == * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>Vide argumentum {{para|inspicitur}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ Vide argumentum {{para|inspicitur}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{para|inspicitur|latinitas}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{para|inspicitur|latinitas}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana|color=#007676}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana|color=#007676}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana|color=#007676|style=border-bottom: 1px solid #00f}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana|color=#007676|style=border-bottom: 1px solid #00f}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana|color=inherit|style=border-bottom: 1px solid #00f; color: red;}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana|color=inherit|style=border-bottom: 1px solid #00f; color: red;}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{para}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{para}} == De formula adhibenda == <templatedata>{ "description": "Haec formula nomen parametri (et scripta quae ipsum continet) ostendit.", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "label": "Nomen parametri", "description": "Nomen parametri", "example": "inspicitur", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Contenta parametri", "description": "Contenta parametri", "example": "latinitas", "type": "string", "required": false }, "forma": { "label": "Forma", "description": "Scribe |forma=plana si parametrum ostentum eadem forma verborum contiguorum scribere vis", "example": "plana", "type": "string", "required": false }, "color": { "label": "Color", "description": "Color nominis parametri", "example": "#007676", "type": "string", "required": false }, "style": { "label": "CSS", "description": "CSS", "example": "border-bottom: 1px solid #00f;", "type": "string", "required": false } } }</templatedata> == Ulteriora si cupis == * {{Fn|Fn}} * {{Fn|Fnp}} * {{Fn|Fsn}} * {{Fn|Fsnp}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae documentationis|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> ed4oimm5q16xf2mtqdsmwvxjmt68gbm 3965173 3965172 2026-06-16T05:56:17Z Grufo 64423 Compendium addidi 3965173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula substituibilis|...}} {{Compendia formulae|para}} Utere hac formula ut parametrum [[Vicipaedia:Formula|formulae]] ostendas. == De usu == * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>Vide argumentum {{para|inspicitur}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ Vide argumentum {{para|inspicitur}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{para|inspicitur|latinitas}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{para|inspicitur|latinitas}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana|color=#007676}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana|color=#007676}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana|color=#007676|style=border-bottom: 1px solid #00f}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana|color=#007676|style=border-bottom: 1px solid #00f}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana|color=inherit|style=border-bottom: 1px solid #00f; color: red;}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{para|inspicitur|latinitas|forma=plana|color=inherit|style=border-bottom: 1px solid #00f; color: red;}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{para}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{para}} == De formula adhibenda == <templatedata>{ "description": "Haec formula nomen parametri (et scripta quae ipsum continet) ostendit.", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "label": "Nomen parametri", "description": "Nomen parametri", "example": "inspicitur", "type": "string", "required": true }, "2": { "label": "Contenta parametri", "description": "Contenta parametri", "example": "latinitas", "type": "string", "required": false }, "forma": { "label": "Forma", "description": "Scribe |forma=plana si parametrum ostentum eadem forma verborum contiguorum scribere vis", "example": "plana", "type": "string", "required": false }, "color": { "label": "Color", "description": "Color nominis parametri", "example": "#007676", "type": "string", "required": false }, "style": { "label": "CSS", "description": "CSS", "example": "border-bottom: 1px solid #00f;", "type": "string", "required": false } } }</templatedata> == Synonyma == * {{Fn|Para}} == Ulteriora si cupis == * {{Fn|Fn}} * {{Fn|Fnp}} * {{Fn|Fsn}} * {{Fn|Fsnp}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae documentationis|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> mnywu1tuz62xcnb36u00dn7ilac42lw Modulus:Params 828 311169 3965135 3964943 2026-06-16T00:22:19Z Grufo 64423 Modulum redintegravi 3965135 Scribunto text/plain require[[strict]] --- --- --- LOCAL ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Abstract utilities ]]-- ---------------------------- -- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers) local function zero_padded (str) return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str) end -- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting) local function natural_sort (var1, var2) return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) < var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) end -- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number local function get_parameter_name (par_str) local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end return tonumber(ret) end -- Return a copy or a reference to a table local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly) if refonly then return src end local newtab = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end return newtab end -- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len) local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key >= idx then if key > tmp then cache[key - len] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = 1 - idx for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + len] = val end end end return ret end -- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val else ret[key + len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = idx - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val elseif key < 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val else ret[key - len] = val end end end return ret end -- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and -- always parsing numeric strings as numbers local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey) local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey) if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey] = val src[skey] = nil end end -- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn) local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nn = nn + 1 nums[nn] = key else nw = nw + 1 words[nw] = key end end table.sort(nums) table.sort(words, sort_fn) return nums, words, nn, nw end --[[ Public strings ]]-- ------------------------ -- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local mkeywords = { ['or'] = 0, pattern = 1, plain = 2, strict = 3 } -- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local sortfunctions = { alphabetically = false, naturally = natural_sort } -- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers -- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) --[[ Meanings of the columns: col[1] = Loop type (0-3) col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3) col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]` col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]` A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`) ]]-- local mapping_styles = { names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 }, values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 }, values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 }, names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 }, names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 }, names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 }, values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 }, blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 } } -- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local memoryslots = { h = 'header', f = 'footer', i = 'itersep', l = 'lastsep', n = 'ifngiven', p = 'pairsep', s = 'oxfordsep' } -- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier local trim_parse_opts = { trim_none = { false, false }, trim_positional = { false, true }, trim_named = { true, false }, trim_all = { true, true } } -- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local isep_parse_opts = { splitter_pattern = false, splitter_string = true } -- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local psep_parse_opts = { setter_pattern = false, setter_string = true } -- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier local position_references = { add_nothing = 0, add_smallest_number = 1, add_last_of_sequence = 2, add_largest_number = 3 } -- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `let` --[[ Module's private environment ]]-- -------------------------------------- -- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`) local modulename = 'Module:Params' -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args` -- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also -- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available local refpipe = { call_for_each_group = true, --coins = true, count = true, evaluating = true, for_each = true, list = true, list_values = true, list_maybe_with_names = true, value_of = true } -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the -- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if -- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own -- (modified) copy available local refparams = { call_for_each_group = true, combining = true, combining_by_calling = true, combining_values = true, concat_and_call = true, concat_and_invoke = true, concat_and_magic = true, count = true, grouping_by_calling = true, mixing_names_and_values = true, renaming_by_mixing = true, renaming_to_sequence = true, renaming_to_uppercase = true, renaming_to_lowercase = true, --renaming_to_values = true, shifting = true, splicing = true, --swapping_names_and_values = true, value_of = true, with_name_matching = true } -- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we -- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its -- optimal value at Module talk:Params) local maxfill = 1024 -- The private table of functions local library = {} -- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position local static_iface = {} -- Create a new context local function context_new (child_frame) local ctx = {} ctx.frame = child_frame:getParent() ctx.opipe = child_frame.args ctx.oparams = ctx.frame.args ctx.firstposonly = static_iface ctx.iterfunc = pairs ctx.sorttype = 0 ctx.n_parents = 0 ctx.n_children = 0 ctx.n_available = maxfill return ctx end -- Move to the next action within the user-given list local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward) local nextfn if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if nextfn == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end if library[nextfn] == nil then if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0) else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ directive can only appear in first position', 0) end end remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward) return library[nextfn] end -- Main loop local function main_loop (ctx, start_with) local fn = start_with repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn if ctx.n_parents > 0 then error(modulename .. ': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end if ctx.n_children > 0 then error(modulename .. ', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end end -- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table local function set_strings (dest, opts, start_from) local cmd if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/') :match'^/*(.*[^/])' if cmd == nil then return start_from end local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1 local vname local chr for idx = 1, #cmd do chr = cmd:byte(idx) if chr == sep then for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] amap[key] = nil end argc = argc + 1 else vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)] if vname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' .. string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end table.insert(amap, vname) end end for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end return argc end -- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children` local function push_cloned_stack (ctx, tbl) local newparams = {} local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams } else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.n_children = currsnap end -- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or -- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil` local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg) if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end local tmp = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if tmp == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false end tmp = sortfunctions[tmp] if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false end return tmp or nil, 2, true end -- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let]|[...][number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]` local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after) local tbl, pin = {}, start_from local names if src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' and src[pin + 1] ~= nil and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then names = {} repeat names[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])] = src[pin + 2] pin = pin + 3 until src[pin] == nil or not src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' or src[pin + 1] == nil or src[pin + 2] == nil end local tmp = tonumber(src[pin]) if tmp ~= nil and math.floor(tmp) == tmp then if tmp < 0 then tmp = -1 end local shf = append_after - pin for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp do tbl[idx + shf] = src[idx] end pin = pin + tmp + 1 end if names ~= nil then for key, val in pairs(names) do tbl[key] = val end end return tbl, pin end -- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` -- class of modifiers local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style) local style local shf local tmp = src[n_skip + 1] if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1 else shf = n_skip end local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5] tmp = style[6] if tmp > -1 then karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then karg = tonumber(karg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg) end end tmp = style[7] if tmp > -1 then varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then varg = tonumber(varg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg) end end local dest, nargs = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf, n_exist) tmp = style[1] if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 2 end if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 1 end return dest, nargs, tmp, karg, varg end -- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of -- modifiers local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami) if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3 if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end local flg = opts[argc] if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax < 1) or (flg == 3 and ptn == repl) end -- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami) local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1 local keyw for _, val in ipairs(opts) do if state == 0 then nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1 ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false } else keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or ( state > 0 and mkeywords[keyw] > 0 ) then break else state = mkeywords[keyw] if state > 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end end end cnt = cnt + 1 end if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern was given', 0) end return ptns, nptns, cnt end -- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing` and `reinterpreting` modifiers local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp) local tmp local optslots, noptslots, argc = { true, true, true }, 3, start_from local trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain = true, false, true, true repeat noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc] if tmp == nil then break end tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp] trimn, trimu = tmp[1], tmp[2] optslots[1] = nil elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 iplain, isp = isep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc] optslots[2] = nil elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 pplain, psp = psep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc] optslots[3] = nil else break end argc = argc + 1 until noptslots < 1 return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc end -- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table local value_maps = { [0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end end, [1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end, [2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key tbl[key] = fn() end end, [3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end } -- Private table for `map_names()` local name_thieves = { [0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end } -- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn) local cache = {} name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric -- suffixes in its keys local function make_groups (src) -- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable! local prefix local gid local groups = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do -- `key` must only be a string or a number... if type(key) == 'string' then prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$' gid = tonumber(gid) or '' else prefix = '' gid = key end if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then prefix = tonumber(prefix) if prefix < 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end end groups[gid][prefix] = val end return groups end -- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and -- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length local function parse_placeholder_string (target) local skel = {} local canvas = {} local idx = 1 local s_pos = 1 local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false) while e_pos ~= nil do canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1) skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@' idx = idx + 2 s_pos = e_pos + 2 e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false) end if (s_pos > target:len()) then idx = idx - 1 else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end return skel, canvas, idx end -- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru) local key local val local spos1 local spos2 local pos1 local pos2 local pos3 = 0 local idx = 1 local lenplone = #str + 1 if isp == nil or isp == '' then if psp == nil or psp == '' then if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else tbl[idx] = str end return idx end spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else val = str end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = str:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val return idx end if psp == nil or psp == '' then repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end tbl[idx] = val idx = idx + 1 until pos2 == nil return idx end repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = val:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val until pos2 == nil return idx end -- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values` local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function -- MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local vars = {} local sortfn, tmp, do_sort = load_sort_opt(opts[2]) local argc = set_strings(vars, opts, tmp + 1) if argc < tmp then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end tmp = true for _ in pairs(tbl) do tmp = false break end if tmp then if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven } elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end return argc end local cache local len if do_sort then local words cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end len = len + tmp else cache = {} len = 0 for key in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = key end end local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or '' for idx = 1, len do tmp = cache[idx] pmap[nss + 1] = pps pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs) nss = nss + 2 end tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and nss > 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp elseif nss > 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep end pmap[1] = vars.header or '' if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) } return argc end -- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric -- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options -- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters local function concat_params (ctx) local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe) if ctx.subset == 1 then -- We need only the sequence for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end else if ctx.subset == -1 then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then retval[key + nmax] = val else retval[key] = val end end end for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end return retval end -- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this -- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function flush_params (ctx, fn) local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end return end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end return end if ctx.subset ~= -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end end -- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value -- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth) if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(ctx.params) do fn_seq(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then flush_params(ctx, fn_oth) return end local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) local sequence = {} for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do sequence[key] = val end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end for idx = 1, nn do if sequence[nums[idx]] then fn_seq(nums[idx], sequence[nums[idx]]) else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end end if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end return end for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn_seq(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end end -- Finalize and return a concatenated list local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize) if len > 0 then local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and len > modsize * 2 then lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp elseif len > modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep end lst[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(lst) else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end --[[ Modifiers ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to library.sequential = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end ctx.iterfunc = ipairs ctx.subset = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.iterfunc = pairs ctx.subset = -1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to library.all_sorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to library.reassorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 2 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to library.setting = function (ctx) local argc = set_strings(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1) if argc < 2 then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|pipe to library.scoring = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local retval = 0 for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = tostring(retval) return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to library.squeezing = function (ctx) local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then newlen = newlen + 1 indices[newlen] = key store[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end table.sort(indices) for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx) local tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums = ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmax == nil then if key < nmin then nmin = key end nmax = key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end nnums = nnums + 1 tmp[key] = val end end if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin > nnums then ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax if ctx.n_available < 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' .. tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = '' end for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to library.clearing = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to library.cutting = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local len = #tbl if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end local tot = lcut + rcut if tot > 0 then local cache = {} if tot >= len then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end tot = len else for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then if key > len then cache[key - tot] = val else cache[key - lcut] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to library.cropping = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local nmin local nmax for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end if nmin ~= nil then local len = nmax - nmin + 1 if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end if lcut + rcut - len > -1 then for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end end elseif lcut + rcut > 0 then for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1 if lshift > 0 then for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx - lshift] = tbl[idx] tbl[idx] = nil end end end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to library.purging = function (ctx) local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params if len < 1 then len = len + table.maxn(tbl) if idx > len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = len - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to library.backpurging = function (ctx) local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local idx local tbl = ctx.params if len > 0 then idx = last - len + 1 else for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or key < idx) then idx = key end end if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end idx = idx - len if last < idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = last - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to library.shifting = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end local tbl = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val else tbl[key] = val end end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if key > nmax then nmax = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local shift = #tbl + 1 if shift < 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {} local nmax local nmin for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0 local tmp for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nsize = nsize + 1 cache[nsize] = key end end table.sort(cache) for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ] tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx) local sortfn if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn) else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil` if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment| -- [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to library.splicing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params local tmp1 = opts[1] local tmp2 local argc local pos local refp if tmp1 ~= nil then tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1) if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp2 ~= nil then refp = position_references[tmp2] if refp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) .. '’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end else refp = 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end if refp == 2 then for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end refp = 0 end tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key elseif key < tmp1 then tmp1 = key elseif key > tmp2 then tmp2 = key end end end end if tmp2 == nil then len = 0 elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2 elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end if len > 0 and pos + len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len) elseif len < 0 and pos - len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len) else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end ctx.params = tbl tmp1 = tonumber(opts[argc]) if len == 0 and (tmp1 == nil or tmp1 < 1) then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to add cannot be zero', 0) end if tmp1 == nil or tmp1 < 0 or math.floor(tmp1) ~= tmp1 then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end tmp2 = argc - pos + 1 for key = pos, pos + tmp1 - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp2] end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + tmp1 + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to library.imposing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2] return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to library.providing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1]) if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to library.discarding = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil then ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end if len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_name_matching = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_matching') local tmp local ptn local tbl = ctx.params local newparams = {} for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then tmp = ptn[1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tmp = tonumber(tmp) end newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp] else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then newparams[key] = val end end end end ctx.params = newparams return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx) local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_not_matching') local tbl = ctx.params if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then local tmp = targets[1][1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil else tbl[tmp] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local yesmatch local ptn for key in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_value_matching = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_matching') local nomatch local ptn for key, val in pairs(tbl) do nomatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val == ptn[1] then nomatch = false break end elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then nomatch = false break end end if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_not_matching') local yesmatch local ptn for key, val in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to library.trimming_values = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter -- 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only) local model = { title = tname, args = margs } value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.values_only) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only) value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax) end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1] local tbl = ctx.params if mix == '$#' then for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to --[[ library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tbl = ctx.params local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1]) local cache local len if do_sort then local words local wl cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end else cache = {} len = 0 for _, val in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter -- 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only) local model = { title = tname, args = rargs } map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.names_only) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only) map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn) local val = tbl[ptn] if val ~= nil then tbl[ptn] = nil tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = val end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)) end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local cache = {} local tmp if mix == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end else local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to --[[ library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template -- name|[let]|[...]|[number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe local tmp if opts[1] ~= nil then tmp = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local tmp, argc = load_child_opts(opts, 2, 0) local gargs = {} for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' and key < 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val else gargs[key] = val end end local groups = make_groups(ctx.params) for gid, group in pairs(groups) do for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end group[0] = gid model.args = group groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end ctx.params = groups return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.parsing = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim -- flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter -- setter]|[...]|pipe to library.reinterpreting = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local str = tbl[tmp] if str ~= nil then tbl[tmp] = nil parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.evaluating = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':') if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local new_opts, cache = {}, {} local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc for key, val in pairs(opts) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < 1 then new_opts[key] = val elseif key >= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end ctx.pipe = new_opts return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end local cache = {} local mix_k, mix_v = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$', ctx.pipe[2] local tmp if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key) end elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end else local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k) local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do tmp = tostring(key) for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end end for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] = table.concat(cnv_v) end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort order]|setting -- directives|...|pipe to library.combining = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end, 'combining' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort -- order]|setting directives|...|pipe to library.combining_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return val end, 'combining_values' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tname = ctx.pipe[1] if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = ctx.params } } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new -- parameter name|pipe to library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local mname = ctx.pipe[1] if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = ctx.pipe[2] if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] = tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) } return context_iterate(ctx, 4) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local magic = ctx.pipe[1] if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params) } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|snapshotting|pipe to library.snapshotting = function (ctx) push_cloned_stack(ctx, ctx.params) return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|remembering|pipe to library.remembering = function (ctx) push_cloned_stack(ctx, ctx.oparams) return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to library.entering_substack = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents + 1 if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl } else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then ctx.params = {} return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children if currsnap > 0 then ctx.params = ctx.children[currsnap] ctx.children[currsnap] = nil ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1 else local newparams = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.params = newparams end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to library.pulling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end local parent local tmp = ctx.n_parents if tmp < 1 then parent = ctx.oparams else parent = ctx.parents[tmp] end tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to library.detaching_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to library.dropping_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to library.leaving_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params } else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 ctx.n_children = currsnap return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to library.merging_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] local child = ctx.params ctx.params = parent ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to library.flushing = function (ctx) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local parent = ctx.params local currsnap = ctx.n_children for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end ctx.children[currsnap] = nil ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end --[[ Functions ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|count library.count = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local retval = 0 for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end ctx.text = retval return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2] -- |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value -- n]|[...] library.concat_and_call = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = concat_params(ctx) } return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend -- 1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- item n=value n]|[...] library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2) local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{ title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = concat_params(ctx) }) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend -- 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n= -- value n]|[...] library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx)) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name library.value_of = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local val local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then key = tonumber(key) val = ctx.params[key] -- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in -- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable) if val ~= nil and ( ctx.subset ~= -1 or key > #ctx.params or key < 1 ) and ( ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key <= #ctx.params and key > 0) ) then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end else val = ctx.params[key] if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list library.list = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = key ret[nss + 3] = kvs ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_values library.list_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! -- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = val nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' mixed_flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = '' ret[nss + 3] = '' ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = key ret[nss + 3] = kvs ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value -- 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] --[[ library.coins = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end return library.list_values(ctx) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = -- value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] library.unique_coins = function (ctx) local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params local tmp for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tmp = get_parameter_name(val) tbl[key] = opts[tmp] opts[tmp] = nil end return library.list_values(ctx) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext library.for_each = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or '' local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = table.concat(cnv) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append -- 1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...] -- |[named param n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1] -- |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- param n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local opts = ctx.pipe local tmp if opts[1] ~= nil then tmp = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val else opts[key] = val end end ctx.pipe = opts ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params) flush_params( ctx, function (gid, group) for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end group[0] = gid model.args = group ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end --- --- --- PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|new|pipe to static_iface.new = function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false) ctx.params = {} main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1)) return ctx.text end --[[ First-position-only functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|self static_iface.self = function (frame) return frame:getParent():getTitle() end --[[ Public metatable of functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- return setmetatable({}, { __index = function (_, query) local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end local func = static_iface[fname] if func ~= nil then return func end func = library[fname] if func == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end return function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname]) ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname]) main_loop(ctx, func) return ctx.text end end }) km4whdg21r02vb25s045d3k1i72yr6b Calceus subrotatus 0 313624 3965150 3922884 2026-06-16T02:31:41Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Opus|opus]]}}; minora 3965150 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Rollerskates.png|thumb|upright=1|Delineatio calcei subrotati.]] {{Res|Calceus subrotatus}}{{MLAL ref|roller-skate, roller-blade|115}}{{DAEL ref|patín|801}}{{LLHL24 ref|Rollschuh|60}} vel {{Res|pedirŏta}} ({{pns|ae|f}})<ref name="llhl24-rollschuh-60" />{{MLAL ref|.athl skate (roller)|161}}{{Bacci ref|Pattinare|373|pattinare}} est genus [[caliga]]e quod sinit hominem se induentem super [[rota]]s ambulare, saepe [[oblectamentum|oblectamenti]] et [[ars athletica|artis athleticae]] gratiā, aliquando gratiā etiam [[vectura|vecturae]]. Disciplina athletica quae calceos subrotatos adhibet {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pattinatio rotalis||en|qid=Q1707432}} appellatur.<ref>{{*Cf}} [[Lingua Italiana|It.]] ''pattino'', a Latino mediaevali {{wikten|Reconstruction:Latin/patta|''*patta''|Latin}}, ‘pes’ – sed ab aliis ''patinatio rotalis'' appellata: {{*cf}} {{MLAL|.athl skate|161}}.</ref> == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Roller Skater NPG-NPG 81 M2380.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Mulier ignota super calceos subrotatos, decennio [[1860|187]].]] [[Fasciculus:Roller skating c 1905.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Calcei subrotati in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]], {{*circa}} 1905.]] Prima exemplaria solebant rotas per singulam lineam disponere, quasi [[calceus ferratus|calceos ferratos]] imitantia, rotis in locum laminae substitutis. Dehinc ordo quadratus, [[currus|currui]] similis, excogitatus est. Etiamsi primum indicium usūs pedirotarum a quodam [[theatrum|theatro]] [[Londinium|Londiniensi]] anno [[1743]] proveniat, primum [[diploma inventionis|diploma]] [[inventor|inventori]] [[Belgica|Belgae]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Iosephus Merlin|Ioanni Iosepho Merlin|en|qid=Q1387606}} anno [[1760]] tributum est.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Valderrabano | nomen redactoris 1 = Victor | cognomen redactoris 2 = Easley | nomen redactoris 2 = Marcus E. | titulus = Foot and ankle sports orthopaedics | tempus = 2017-02-21 | locus = [[Chama]]e | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15735-1 | isbn = 978-3-319-15734-4 | oclc = 972330993 }}.</ref> Eius exemplaria vix gubernabantur frenabanturve, ideo non innotuerunt. Decennio [[1840|185]], [[melodrama (musica)|opus melodramaticum]] [[Iacobus Meyerbeer|Iacobi Meyerbeer]] {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Le prophète||en|qid=Q263297}}}} scenam ostendebat in qua histriones, ut simularent se per [[glacies|glaciem]] superlabi, calceis subrotatis utebantur. Illa scena pedirotis famam dedit et fuit impulsus qui per [[continens|continentem]] [[Europa|Europeam]] inventionem pervulgavit formam oblectamenti.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Wilson | nomen = David Gordon | titulus = Bicycling Science | annus = 2004 | editio = 3 | locus = [[Cantabrigia Massachusettensium|Cantabrigiae Massachusettensium]] | domus editoria = MIT Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0JJo6DlF9iMC | isbn = 0-262-73154-1 }}.</ref> Calcei quattuor rotis a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iacobus Leonardus Plimpton|Iacobo Leonardo Plimpton|en|qid=Q2328311}} inventore [[Massachusetta|Massachusettensi]] anno [[1863]] excogitati sunt. == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Roller skates, 1910.jpg|Exemplaria anni [[1910]]. Fasciculus:Een nieuw model rolschaats, SFA022002455.jpg|Exemplar anni [[1926]]. Fasciculus:1908-PatinsRoulettes.jpg|[[Praeconium mercatorium]] pro quibusdam pedirotis, anno [[1908]]. Fasciculus:Patin d'Or Roller Skating Competition Paris 1911.jpg|Certamen tolerantiae super calceos subrotatos (24 horarum), [[Lutetia]]e, [[1911]] Fasciculus:Roller skates 1928 (JOKAOT3UR8-1).tif|Mulier [[Finnia|Finnica]] cum pedirotis, [[aestas|aestate]] [[1928]]. Fasciculus:Rolschaatsen met vergrote wielen, waardoor ze meer op steppen of autopeds lijken, SFA003000294.jpg|Mulieres super pedirotas, [[Berolinum|Berolini]] anno [[1923]]. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Narta]] * [[Tabula rotata gubernabilis]] * [[Tabula subrotata]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Roller skates|calceos subrotatos}} [[Categoria:Exercitatio corporis]] [[Categoria:Vehicula]] oz9ym5gwb5un1kt4x533db6ptntcpqv Disputatio Usoris:Grufo 3 313953 3965125 3964940 2026-06-15T21:15:57Z Grufo 64423 /* Formulae */ 3965125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}} Disputationes veteres: {{Specialis:Praefixa/Disputatio Usoris:Grufo/Tabularium}} == Translation request == Hello, Grufo. Can you create an article about the American Democratic Vice Presidential candidate [[:en:Tim Walz]] ([[Timotheus Iacobus Walz]]) in Latin Wikipedia, just like for the Republican Vice Presidential candidate [[Iacobus David Vance]]? Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 12:48, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) : Hi. I did not create the [[Iacobus David Vance]] page, I only [[Specialis:Diff/3848980/3849044|corrected a few things]], mostly of typographical nature. Of course a [[Timotheus Iacobus Walz]] page would be a nice thing to have. But asking users to do something for us usually rarely works. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:01, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::I understand. Thank you for the reply. I also posted the same question to the original uploader. Though I think he or she is a "one timer" and might not upload or edit again. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 13:22, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::: I do not know why the original author created Vance's page, but it is not to be excluded that they did it as a consequence of political affiliation (nothing is wrong with that, as long their contribution is encyclopedic), and if that is the case asking the same person to create the page of their political adversary will likely not work. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:27, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::::That also later crossed my mind. I personally did not request a translation due to political reasons. I just thought that the other Vice Presidential candidate should also have an article in Latin Wikipedia. Never mind. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 13:34, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::::: No problem. Let's see how the original author reacts. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:41, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::::::To my surprise, the original author uploaded the second article as well. I have thanked him or her and I thank you as well. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 15:59, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::::::: I am happy they did! :) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:01, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) == Nomination == Hi, Grufo. I just proposed you at [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus/Grufo]]. When you have a spare moment, please go there and indicate your willingness -- thank you! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:23, 7 Septembris 2024 (UTC) : Thank you, Andrew! :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:46, 7 Septembris 2024 (UTC) ::As you may have noticed, you are elected nemine contradicente. An excellent result! I will now attempt to give you the appropriate permissions. I'm sorry I have been absent rather often on real world concerns, and this may continue for a while. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:23, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC) :::Done, I think. Next time you log in, verify if you have some unaccustomed powers. Notably, you should be able to delete a page (which should be helpful to you and to others who may need to have a page deleted), and protect a page from some groups of editors, and you should be able to block a user, named or anonymous. Tell me if I can help with anything. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:36, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC) :::: Hooray! :-) You have absolutely nothing to apologize for, Andrew. I am very grateful for your sponsorship. I hope your real world concerns will soon calm down. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:19, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC) == Candidatus ad magistratum propositus == Gratias tibi ago, Grufo optime! Me maxime honorasti me ad electionem in circulum magistratuum proponens. Praeter doctrinam meam debiliorem imprimis inopia temporis liberi me monet, ne hoc munus acciperem. Per septuaginta horas cuiusque hebdomadae munere medici occupatus sum. Ideo non prius quam circa mediam noctem ad Vicipaediam nostram accedere soleo. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 20:47, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC) : Gratias tibi ago, Bis-Taurine, quia mihi scripsisti. Paucum tempus non est magnum incommodum, multi sunt magistratus apud nos qui inter se laborem distribuunt (nihilominus a magistratu haud maior labor, sed sapientia tantum requiritur). Nisi tibi displacet “magistratus mediae noctis” fieri, tuam petitionem proponere adhuc cupio. Attamen importunē insistere nolo! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:46, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :: @[[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]]: Demetrium Talpam et Marcum Terentium Bibliophilum [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Magistratus: novae nominationes|nuper proposui]]; et te, volentem, proponere cupio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:44, 15 Octobris 2024 (UTC) ::: Bis-Taurinus Grufoni salutem! Si paucum tempus et peritia mea exigua non impediunt, me canditatum proponas! [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 05:29, 16 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :::: Euax! :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:47, 16 Octobris 2024 (UTC) == Request == As mentioned in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 30#Disney cartoon articles]], there are some semi-protected pages that have been protected for 15 years now. Do you think it'd be OK to remove protection from them? I'm asking you because I see you've handled protections before. I also think that there should be some improvement to these pages, as they are generally stubs that have been short for 15 years. Should I start a new discussion at [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]] to get someone to add more content to the pages? [[Specialis:Conlationes/2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB|2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB]] 16:56, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC) : Hi. It seems that the discussion you linked was not really in favour of removing the protection. It is true that four years have passed, however these pages are only semi-protected, all you need to edit them is an account. Have you considered creating one? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:01, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :: Some of the pages were unprotected, and those haven't been vandalized since. I actually thought that the discussion was in favor by the end of it. Just a note, I'd have to wait four days to edit after creating an account. However, I was wondering if anyone could add more content to these pages. I saw [[Babe: Pig in the City]] was deleted, but could a new page be written to replace it? Also, I see the tag at [[Rugrats]], should that page be deleted? If I create an account, I'll let you know. [[Specialis:Conlationes/2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB|2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB]] 17:06, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC) ::: Account created. [[Usor:Shopping metaphor|Shopping metaphor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shopping metaphor|disputatio]]) 17:10, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :::: That is great! Happy editing! :-) == Petitio de Formula:AE == Salve Grufo! Potesne Formulam:AE in nostra Vicipaedia ratam facere ut exempli gratia in Vicipaedia Anglica. Nam nexum ad inscriptiones Latinas et Graecas praebet quae in ''[[L'Année épigraphique]]'' publicatae sunt. Vide exempli gratia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindia_gens Mindia gens] apud Anglicos (AE|2018|325). Etenim epigraphia Latinitati fons non negligendus aestimanda est. Ante aliquot annos Andreas Dalby hoc idem ad Formulam [[CIL]] effecerat. Te amabo si temptabis. --[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:17, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC) Tibi gratias ago. Non difficile fortasse erat sed talium rerum non peritus sum.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:28, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC) : Noli timere, magnopere quidem fuit facile factu. :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:33, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :: {{Tpe|Postilla}} [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marce]], formulam {{Fn|AE ref}} quoque nunc habemus. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:54, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC) == Capsa mendosa? == Hi! I’ve just noticed your [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 33#Capsa mendosa?|your ping from over a year ago]], but the problem seems to still persist, so better late than never. ☺ It’s probably because the same coats of arms are listed both [[d:Q81162#P154|as logos]] and [[d:Q81162#P94|as actual coats of arms]], so the solution is removing the logos from the Wikidata items. —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 11:39, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) : Hi [[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]], thank you for reaching out. How about [[Specialis:Diff/3850542/3861571|this solution]]? To be really unbreakable it should be extended to the other image properties as well – because, for example, [[Collegium Sanctae Catharinae (Oxonia)|here]] the problem still persists. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:48, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :: {{tpe|Nova}} Maybe [[Specialis:Diff/3850542/3861576|this other solution]] solves everything once and for all. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:59, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :::I think it’s more of a workaround than a solution: Wikidata data is simply wrong (these images are coats of arms, not logos), so that should be fixed instead of changing the Wikipedia infobox. [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Property_talk:P94&diff=2273008387 I’ve added a complex constraint on Wikidata that lists exact duplicates] (it won’t catch St Catherine’s College, but it will catch the others). —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 22:15, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :::: It makes sense. What our template does is simply a check for duplicate images (which under no circumstances need to be shown twice). Feel free to restore the check-free version if you want. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:28, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :::::I <em>think</em> the checks shouldn’t be there, but I don’t <em>want</em> to remove them, because I don’t consider myself part of the Latin Wikipedia community and thus want to leave the decision up to the community. (I’m not angry or something like that; it’s perfectly fine for me that you do whatever you want.) —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 23:15, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :::::: No problem, [[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]]. [[Specialis:Diff/3861576/3861607|I removed the checks]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:35, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) == Create a page for Peshkopi - Penestae in Latin == @[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] Hi dear Grufo! I am from Albania and I have a request. I want to ask you please can you create a page for Peshkopi: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshkopi (Penestae in Latin) on Latin Wiki. I have asked Andrew Dalby to create it and he didn't created it. So I would be very grateful to you if you will create it yourself. Thanks [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:NevaleLevane|disputatio]]) 13:28, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) : Hi, [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]]. You have already sent me an email three days ago, to which I already replied. Please stop spamming. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:46, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] Hi Grufo! Now I see the email as I didn't checked it. When you will have time, you will create it? The title for Peshkopi in Latin is Penestae: https://www.loquis.com/en/loquis/2174022/Peshkopi https://latin_latin.en-academic.com/45532/PENESTAE https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe) Thanks [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:NevaleLevane|disputatio]]) 17:14, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) ::: @[[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]]: As I already wrote you via email, it is not my intention to create the page you are requesting, for at least the following reasons: :::* The subject is not among my priorities :::* Based on what I know '''and your own sources''' ([https://latin_latin.en-academic.com/45532/PENESTAE #1], [https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe) #2]), the ''Penestae'' were a tribe, not a place, and I don't know reliable sources that state otherwise (I will be happy to be contradicted) – actually, the Latin name of Peshkopi seems to be [[Episcopia (discretiva)|Episcopia]] (again, I am happy to be contradicted), whereas the locality where the ''Penestae'' lived was called ''Penestia'', as it seems :::* If I ever had any intention to create such page, your fixation on a proper name without sources made any intention vanish (you started insisting on it already [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 34#Create articles for Korçë (Coryza - in Latin), Kukës (unknown name in Latin) and Peshkopi (Penestae - in Latin)|five months ago]]) – Btw, we can attempt to propose our translations of common names (see {{Fn|Convertimus}}), but doing the same with proper names is definitely out of question (it's like if I insisted – without sources – that your name is “Donald”) ::: --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:04, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) == De quadam difficultate == Salve Grufo, scisne, cur <nowiki>{{Titulus italicus}}</nowiki> non valeat textum italicum reddere in commentatione [[Fabian oder Der Gang vor die Hunde (pellicula 2021)]]? [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 17:10, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) : Salve Neander! Credo titulum nimis longum esse causam (formula {{Fn|Titulus italicus}} non est sine defectibus). [[Specialis:Diff/3887061/3887066|Haec excogitatio]] similia incommoda solvere potest. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:31, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) :: Rectum igitur hominem adii auxilium petens. Gratias ago quam maximas! [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 18:13, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) == De voce [[Disportus in Italia]] == Ciao, Grufo. Avrei voluto scriverti in latino, ma presumendo che tu sia italiano ti parlerò nella nostra lingua. Scusami tanto se ti disturbo, ma volevo chiederti: come mai hai cancellato la voce [[Disportus in Italia]], creata da me nella giornata di ieri? Sarebbe stato un approfondimento importante sullo sport italiano (argomento di cui mi sto occupando molto), presente anche in molte altre edizioni di Wikipedia. È vero che quando hai cancellato la pagina essa consisteva in un mero elenco di sport con link rossi indirizzanti a sottopagine, ma avrei avuto l'intenzione di scriverla, ampliarla, correggerla, magari in giorni futuri: quindi non l'avrei lasciata in sospeso, abbandonando una voce appena creata, anzi, avrei anche scritto le pagine con i dettagli per ogni disciplina e magari creato una voce simile per altri paesi del mondo. Perciò volevo chiederti soltanto se la voce potrà essere riammessa o potrò comunque ricrearla (anche non adesso, lavorandoci magari prima sulla mia [[Usor:Davide2025/Harenarium|sandbox]]). Puoi rispondermi sulla mia [[Usor:Davide2025/Disputatio|talk]] ed eventualmente continuare a darmi suggerimenti per il futuro. A presto e ''magnas gratias tibi, mi Grufo''! [[Usor:Davide2025|Davide2025]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Davide2025|disputatio]]) 14:07, 21 Octobris 2025 (UTC) : Ciao [[Usor:Davide2025|Davide]]. Il problema è che non si accettano pagine non finite nello spazio enciclopedico. Ci possono essere dei lavori in corso, ma allora si aggiunge {{Fn|In usu}} in cima alla pagina, altrimenti altri utenti assumeranno che la pagina è stata lasciata così (e infatti un altro utente ha chiesto la cancellazione immediata della pagina in quanto incompleta). Ho ripristinato la pagina in [[Usor:Davide2025/Harenarium/Disportus in Italia]]. Ti consiglio di svilupparla ulteriormente prima di metterla nello spazio enciclopedico. Buon lavoro. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:25, 21 Octobris 2025 (UTC) == Transylvania et dies 11 Ianuarii == Salve Grufo! Tibi [[Disputatio:11 Ianuarii|hic]] respondi. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 22:10, 5 Februarii 2026 (UTC) : Gratias tibi ago, [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurine]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 5 Februarii 2026 (UTC) == Tiro sum == Salve Grufo! Tiro hic sum, et magis scire volo de Vikipedia Latina. Nunc disco grammaticam Latinan libro Arnoldiis qui vocatur est “A practical introduction to Latin prose”, et libros Ciceronis lego. Estne fas hic scribere ut linguam Latinam discam? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 17:37, 11 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]. Utilissimum est Latine scribere ad Latinum discendum! Tua peritia linguae mihi videtur esse satis bona. Suadeo ut incipias paginas iam exstantes emendando. Si autem novas paginas scribere cupis, tibi licet sive eas statim creare sive nostro novo “[[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|systemate adumbrationum]]” uti. Tibi faustas emendationes auguror! Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:11, 11 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 10:53, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) == Adumbratorne ego? == Salve Grufo, demiror, qua de causa pagina [[Der fliegende Holländer (melodrama)]] a me incepta Adumbrationis titulo dignata sit. Melius hoc intellegerem, si fere omnes aliae paginae "Adumbrationes" essent. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 18:13, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Neander|Neander]]! Hoc evēnit quia [[Usor:Bartholomite]] putavit [[Special:PermanentLink/3948086|hanc versionem paginae]] esse nimis brevem, idcirco in spatium adumbrationum [[Special:Diff/3948160/3948161|movit]]. Puto motionem rectam fuisse, sed nunc pagina est satis longa. Nihilominus [[Disputatio Usoris:Bartholomite#De paginis ad spatium adumbrationum motis|ei scripsi]] te monendum fore quotienscumque paginam a te creatam moveret. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:47, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) == [[UEFA Nations League]] == Salve Grufo, potesne paginae huius nomen ex Anglico in Latinum mutare? Vale, -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:39, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]. Credo istam mutationem in [[Disputatio:UEFA Nations League|pagina disputationis illius commentationis]] melius petendam esse. Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:10, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::Petivi. Vale. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:20, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) == Quae sunt "negativa lineamenta"? == Dixisti quod differt motus "caterva" et "grex" inquantum caterva est grex negativis cum lineamentis. Cur? Caterva ergo annon extat ut motus pro structura abstracta-algebraica in Neo-Latinitate? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:11, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. “Caterva” est sicut “turba”, “multitudo sine ordine” (cf. “caterva verborum”), at “grex” est tantummodo aggregatio quaedam. Romani “catervam” saepe excercitūs aliarum gentium appellabant, raro suos. Vide {{Lewshort|caterva|catervam}} et {{L&S|grex|gregem}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:06, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Oh, ergo in sensibus communibus differt, non in sensibus ut termata artis. (Sed "grex" erat terma ab Evaristo Galois confectum, ut pagina dicit.) Gratias ago! -- [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 05:14, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ita. Ultro, quod ad nomen ab Evaristo Galois confectum attinet, mihi videtur ipse nullum nomen Latinum, sed tantummodo vocabulum Francogallicum ''groupe'' adhibuisse. Erravine? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:25, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Sic videtur. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 05:40, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:06, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472432 --> == Formulae == Hi, Grufo. I am happy to be back among Vicipaedians, and also happy that Vicipaedia has been getting better and better in my absence. I am very glad that you have been able to work so hard on it at a time when I could not. I notice, in creating new pages, that I should be using formulae <nowiki>{{Res}}</nowiki> for article names, <nowiki>{{Ores}}</nowiki> for names that are titles of works, and <nowiki>{{Anni vitae}}</nowiki> instead of <nowiki>{{Lifetime}}</nowiki>. Correct? I'm sure there are other new formulae, and no doubt I will gradually pick them up, but if there are any more that you think I will need often, feel free to tell me! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:53, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Andrew! I am very glad you are back! Yes, {{Fn|ores}} stands for “res de opere”. It must not be confused with {{Fn|ires}}: both show the lemma in italic, but only {{Fn|ores}} adds the <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><cite>...</cite></syntaxhighlight> tag under the hood, which in turn instructs search engines that the page is about a work. As for {{Fn|anni vitae}}/{{Fn|lifetime}}, the second is simply a redirect to the first, so you are free to choose—although we should prefer Latin in our pages. Among the other things that have changed when you were not here, as far as I can recall, there is that the two old templates {{Fn|nexus desiderati}} and {{Fn|nexus absunt}} have been merged into one single template, and that {{Fn|creanda}} is now transitioning towards {{Fsn|pcc}} (the latter's title might change in the future); long story short, from now on, if you can, please write <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight> instead of <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight>. The advantage is that when eventually the missing page gets created, the new template is able to recognize it even if it got created under a different name. I don't know if there have been other big changes. If yes, probably you will notice! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:39, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) ::That's good. I could not quite follow the developments with "creanda". Your explanation makes it clear, and I will use "subst:creanda". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:48, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]]: Writing <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight> is transitory in this phase to facilitate the usage of the new template. You can also directly write <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|...}}</syntaxhighlight>, although this uses a slightly different syntax. Compare: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|en=Direction (geometry)|directio|directionem}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: and :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio|directionem}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: [[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|The documentation]] should explain everything in detail. The point is that the new template is able to get the Wikidata entity of the linked page, and so both <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight> and <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|...}}</syntaxhighlight>, once you save the page, will eventually turn into, :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|directio|directionem|en|qid=Q2151613}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: where {{para|qid|Q2151613}} contains the Wikidata entity. Once the template has the Wikidata entity, it no longer matters under which name a new page gets created, it will find it. Moreover, when that happens, [[:Categoria:Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant|this category]] will list the pages that now ask for the creation of pages that have already been created, and an empty edit (!) will be enough to remove the template from the page. For instance, on the top-right corner of the “[[Situs interretialis]]” page there is currently the icon of a blinking zero with a pencil; if you click on it and then click on “Mutationes ostendere”, everything should be more clear. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:31, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::I did begin to write "subst:creanda" instead of "creanda". What happened was that immediately on saving my work it changed to the next step, with a much longer template name "safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve" and rearranged elements. This made it harder to continue editing the page. So, to stop that immediate change happening, I've gone back to writing "creanda". I take it the whole series of changes, from "creanda" to "subst:creanda", and on, can be done automatically at some later stage? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]: I just created {{Fsn|creanda/m}}. Now if you write ::::::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda/m|en|Julie Gayet|fr|Julie Gayet|Iulia Gayet}}</syntaxhighlight> :::::: when you save the page it gets replaced with ::::::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:creanda|en|Julie Gayet|fr|Julie Gayet|Iulia Gayet}}</syntaxhighlight> :::::: When you save the page one time more it gets replaced with ::::::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iulia Gayet||fr|en|qid=Q435925}}</syntaxhighlight> :::::: Is that what you were looking for? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:07, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::: P.S. I can also create it with a timer (e.g. it doesn't get replaced before one day passes), but I'll need a bit longer to create that. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:29, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Grufo, you never cease to amaze me! You can do anything! I don't want to be awkward -- after all, if I were efficient, I could save all my potential improvements for one edit, and then do it, and it wouldn't be a problem. However, there may be some value, to others as well as to me, if it works after a fixed delay (a day, as you suggest). Others, not only me, re-read and revise their edits immediately after saving the essential part. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:58, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Thank you, Andrew. Consider it done :) P.S. The long name “Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve” could be temporary: one day, when all transclusions of {{Fn|Creanda}} will be gone (I think they are about 2000 at the moment), we can rename {{Fn|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve}} to {{Fn|Creanda}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:21, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]: I added a timer of one day to {{Fsn|creanda/m}} (you will have to tolerate a {{para|t}} parameter that gets automatically added to save the starting time). What do you think? You would use {{Fsn|creanda/m}} exacly like you would use {{Fn|creanda}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:15, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) == Citation style == Hi, Grufo. Thanks for working on "[[Dis-moi ce que tu manges: je te dirai ce que tu es]]". I have just one question about the citation style. Is it really a good idea to aim to put months as well as years in the parenthetic date that follows the author's name? My impression is that English Wikipedians sometimes do this, and that Google Books sometimes inserts days and months (totally unreliably) alongside years of publication, but that people writing bibliographies in the real world don't do it. It would be quite a matter of chance whether the information is available or not. What do you think about that? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:10, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) : Hi [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]. I think that with books definitely the year alone should be enough. The month maybe can be useful with journals (it is true though that volume and issue numbers should be enough). Maybe a general exception is when an author publishes two or more works in the same year: in that case the month might be the only way to write the Chicago-style short citation (e.g. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{qc|Einstein, Mai. 2021}}</syntaxhighlight> and <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{qc|Einstein, Iul. 2021}}</syntaxhighlight>). Long story short: feel free to remove {{para|mensis}} and {{para|tempus ostentum}} from Melvin's article and {{para|mensis}} from Nemeroff's article! P.S. If you have any suggestions on how to improve the {{[[Formula:Opus|Opus]]}} template, please don't hesitate. When I wrote it I tried to find a compromise between English (and other languages') citation standards and the peculiarities of Latin tradition (for instance, I avoided using non-nominative forms like “Alberto Einstein auctore” or “Alberti Einstein ''Lorem Ipsum''”). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:48, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::In general your template works very well. I'll give it some thought. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:05, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) cwjhb67f5wx5bf2sk7cdttkxlrobcdr 3965176 3965125 2026-06-16T08:32:06Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Formulae */ 3965176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}} Disputationes veteres: {{Specialis:Praefixa/Disputatio Usoris:Grufo/Tabularium}} == Translation request == Hello, Grufo. Can you create an article about the American Democratic Vice Presidential candidate [[:en:Tim Walz]] ([[Timotheus Iacobus Walz]]) in Latin Wikipedia, just like for the Republican Vice Presidential candidate [[Iacobus David Vance]]? Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 12:48, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) : Hi. I did not create the [[Iacobus David Vance]] page, I only [[Specialis:Diff/3848980/3849044|corrected a few things]], mostly of typographical nature. Of course a [[Timotheus Iacobus Walz]] page would be a nice thing to have. But asking users to do something for us usually rarely works. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:01, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::I understand. Thank you for the reply. I also posted the same question to the original uploader. Though I think he or she is a "one timer" and might not upload or edit again. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 13:22, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::: I do not know why the original author created Vance's page, but it is not to be excluded that they did it as a consequence of political affiliation (nothing is wrong with that, as long their contribution is encyclopedic), and if that is the case asking the same person to create the page of their political adversary will likely not work. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:27, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::::That also later crossed my mind. I personally did not request a translation due to political reasons. I just thought that the other Vice Presidential candidate should also have an article in Latin Wikipedia. Never mind. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 13:34, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::::: No problem. Let's see how the original author reacts. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:41, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::::::To my surprise, the original author uploaded the second article as well. I have thanked him or her and I thank you as well. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 15:59, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::::::: I am happy they did! :) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:01, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) == Nomination == Hi, Grufo. I just proposed you at [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus/Grufo]]. When you have a spare moment, please go there and indicate your willingness -- thank you! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:23, 7 Septembris 2024 (UTC) : Thank you, Andrew! :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:46, 7 Septembris 2024 (UTC) ::As you may have noticed, you are elected nemine contradicente. An excellent result! I will now attempt to give you the appropriate permissions. I'm sorry I have been absent rather often on real world concerns, and this may continue for a while. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:23, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC) :::Done, I think. Next time you log in, verify if you have some unaccustomed powers. Notably, you should be able to delete a page (which should be helpful to you and to others who may need to have a page deleted), and protect a page from some groups of editors, and you should be able to block a user, named or anonymous. Tell me if I can help with anything. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:36, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC) :::: Hooray! :-) You have absolutely nothing to apologize for, Andrew. I am very grateful for your sponsorship. I hope your real world concerns will soon calm down. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:19, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC) == Candidatus ad magistratum propositus == Gratias tibi ago, Grufo optime! Me maxime honorasti me ad electionem in circulum magistratuum proponens. Praeter doctrinam meam debiliorem imprimis inopia temporis liberi me monet, ne hoc munus acciperem. Per septuaginta horas cuiusque hebdomadae munere medici occupatus sum. Ideo non prius quam circa mediam noctem ad Vicipaediam nostram accedere soleo. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 20:47, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC) : Gratias tibi ago, Bis-Taurine, quia mihi scripsisti. Paucum tempus non est magnum incommodum, multi sunt magistratus apud nos qui inter se laborem distribuunt (nihilominus a magistratu haud maior labor, sed sapientia tantum requiritur). Nisi tibi displacet “magistratus mediae noctis” fieri, tuam petitionem proponere adhuc cupio. Attamen importunē insistere nolo! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:46, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :: @[[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]]: Demetrium Talpam et Marcum Terentium Bibliophilum [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Magistratus: novae nominationes|nuper proposui]]; et te, volentem, proponere cupio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:44, 15 Octobris 2024 (UTC) ::: Bis-Taurinus Grufoni salutem! Si paucum tempus et peritia mea exigua non impediunt, me canditatum proponas! [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 05:29, 16 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :::: Euax! :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:47, 16 Octobris 2024 (UTC) == Request == As mentioned in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 30#Disney cartoon articles]], there are some semi-protected pages that have been protected for 15 years now. Do you think it'd be OK to remove protection from them? I'm asking you because I see you've handled protections before. I also think that there should be some improvement to these pages, as they are generally stubs that have been short for 15 years. Should I start a new discussion at [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]] to get someone to add more content to the pages? [[Specialis:Conlationes/2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB|2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB]] 16:56, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC) : Hi. It seems that the discussion you linked was not really in favour of removing the protection. It is true that four years have passed, however these pages are only semi-protected, all you need to edit them is an account. Have you considered creating one? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:01, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :: Some of the pages were unprotected, and those haven't been vandalized since. I actually thought that the discussion was in favor by the end of it. Just a note, I'd have to wait four days to edit after creating an account. However, I was wondering if anyone could add more content to these pages. I saw [[Babe: Pig in the City]] was deleted, but could a new page be written to replace it? Also, I see the tag at [[Rugrats]], should that page be deleted? If I create an account, I'll let you know. [[Specialis:Conlationes/2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB|2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB]] 17:06, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC) ::: Account created. [[Usor:Shopping metaphor|Shopping metaphor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shopping metaphor|disputatio]]) 17:10, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :::: That is great! Happy editing! :-) == Petitio de Formula:AE == Salve Grufo! Potesne Formulam:AE in nostra Vicipaedia ratam facere ut exempli gratia in Vicipaedia Anglica. Nam nexum ad inscriptiones Latinas et Graecas praebet quae in ''[[L'Année épigraphique]]'' publicatae sunt. Vide exempli gratia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindia_gens Mindia gens] apud Anglicos (AE|2018|325). Etenim epigraphia Latinitati fons non negligendus aestimanda est. Ante aliquot annos Andreas Dalby hoc idem ad Formulam [[CIL]] effecerat. Te amabo si temptabis. --[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:17, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC) Tibi gratias ago. Non difficile fortasse erat sed talium rerum non peritus sum.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:28, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC) : Noli timere, magnopere quidem fuit facile factu. :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:33, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :: {{Tpe|Postilla}} [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marce]], formulam {{Fn|AE ref}} quoque nunc habemus. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:54, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC) == Capsa mendosa? == Hi! I’ve just noticed your [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 33#Capsa mendosa?|your ping from over a year ago]], but the problem seems to still persist, so better late than never. ☺ It’s probably because the same coats of arms are listed both [[d:Q81162#P154|as logos]] and [[d:Q81162#P94|as actual coats of arms]], so the solution is removing the logos from the Wikidata items. —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 11:39, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) : Hi [[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]], thank you for reaching out. How about [[Specialis:Diff/3850542/3861571|this solution]]? To be really unbreakable it should be extended to the other image properties as well – because, for example, [[Collegium Sanctae Catharinae (Oxonia)|here]] the problem still persists. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:48, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :: {{tpe|Nova}} Maybe [[Specialis:Diff/3850542/3861576|this other solution]] solves everything once and for all. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:59, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :::I think it’s more of a workaround than a solution: Wikidata data is simply wrong (these images are coats of arms, not logos), so that should be fixed instead of changing the Wikipedia infobox. [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Property_talk:P94&diff=2273008387 I’ve added a complex constraint on Wikidata that lists exact duplicates] (it won’t catch St Catherine’s College, but it will catch the others). —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 22:15, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :::: It makes sense. What our template does is simply a check for duplicate images (which under no circumstances need to be shown twice). Feel free to restore the check-free version if you want. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:28, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :::::I <em>think</em> the checks shouldn’t be there, but I don’t <em>want</em> to remove them, because I don’t consider myself part of the Latin Wikipedia community and thus want to leave the decision up to the community. (I’m not angry or something like that; it’s perfectly fine for me that you do whatever you want.) —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 23:15, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :::::: No problem, [[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]]. [[Specialis:Diff/3861576/3861607|I removed the checks]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:35, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) == Create a page for Peshkopi - Penestae in Latin == @[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] Hi dear Grufo! I am from Albania and I have a request. I want to ask you please can you create a page for Peshkopi: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshkopi (Penestae in Latin) on Latin Wiki. I have asked Andrew Dalby to create it and he didn't created it. So I would be very grateful to you if you will create it yourself. Thanks [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:NevaleLevane|disputatio]]) 13:28, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) : Hi, [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]]. You have already sent me an email three days ago, to which I already replied. Please stop spamming. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:46, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] Hi Grufo! Now I see the email as I didn't checked it. When you will have time, you will create it? The title for Peshkopi in Latin is Penestae: https://www.loquis.com/en/loquis/2174022/Peshkopi https://latin_latin.en-academic.com/45532/PENESTAE https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe) Thanks [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:NevaleLevane|disputatio]]) 17:14, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) ::: @[[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]]: As I already wrote you via email, it is not my intention to create the page you are requesting, for at least the following reasons: :::* The subject is not among my priorities :::* Based on what I know '''and your own sources''' ([https://latin_latin.en-academic.com/45532/PENESTAE #1], [https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe) #2]), the ''Penestae'' were a tribe, not a place, and I don't know reliable sources that state otherwise (I will be happy to be contradicted) – actually, the Latin name of Peshkopi seems to be [[Episcopia (discretiva)|Episcopia]] (again, I am happy to be contradicted), whereas the locality where the ''Penestae'' lived was called ''Penestia'', as it seems :::* If I ever had any intention to create such page, your fixation on a proper name without sources made any intention vanish (you started insisting on it already [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 34#Create articles for Korçë (Coryza - in Latin), Kukës (unknown name in Latin) and Peshkopi (Penestae - in Latin)|five months ago]]) – Btw, we can attempt to propose our translations of common names (see {{Fn|Convertimus}}), but doing the same with proper names is definitely out of question (it's like if I insisted – without sources – that your name is “Donald”) ::: --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:04, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) == De quadam difficultate == Salve Grufo, scisne, cur <nowiki>{{Titulus italicus}}</nowiki> non valeat textum italicum reddere in commentatione [[Fabian oder Der Gang vor die Hunde (pellicula 2021)]]? [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 17:10, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) : Salve Neander! Credo titulum nimis longum esse causam (formula {{Fn|Titulus italicus}} non est sine defectibus). [[Specialis:Diff/3887061/3887066|Haec excogitatio]] similia incommoda solvere potest. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:31, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) :: Rectum igitur hominem adii auxilium petens. Gratias ago quam maximas! [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 18:13, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) == De voce [[Disportus in Italia]] == Ciao, Grufo. Avrei voluto scriverti in latino, ma presumendo che tu sia italiano ti parlerò nella nostra lingua. Scusami tanto se ti disturbo, ma volevo chiederti: come mai hai cancellato la voce [[Disportus in Italia]], creata da me nella giornata di ieri? Sarebbe stato un approfondimento importante sullo sport italiano (argomento di cui mi sto occupando molto), presente anche in molte altre edizioni di Wikipedia. È vero che quando hai cancellato la pagina essa consisteva in un mero elenco di sport con link rossi indirizzanti a sottopagine, ma avrei avuto l'intenzione di scriverla, ampliarla, correggerla, magari in giorni futuri: quindi non l'avrei lasciata in sospeso, abbandonando una voce appena creata, anzi, avrei anche scritto le pagine con i dettagli per ogni disciplina e magari creato una voce simile per altri paesi del mondo. Perciò volevo chiederti soltanto se la voce potrà essere riammessa o potrò comunque ricrearla (anche non adesso, lavorandoci magari prima sulla mia [[Usor:Davide2025/Harenarium|sandbox]]). Puoi rispondermi sulla mia [[Usor:Davide2025/Disputatio|talk]] ed eventualmente continuare a darmi suggerimenti per il futuro. A presto e ''magnas gratias tibi, mi Grufo''! [[Usor:Davide2025|Davide2025]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Davide2025|disputatio]]) 14:07, 21 Octobris 2025 (UTC) : Ciao [[Usor:Davide2025|Davide]]. Il problema è che non si accettano pagine non finite nello spazio enciclopedico. Ci possono essere dei lavori in corso, ma allora si aggiunge {{Fn|In usu}} in cima alla pagina, altrimenti altri utenti assumeranno che la pagina è stata lasciata così (e infatti un altro utente ha chiesto la cancellazione immediata della pagina in quanto incompleta). Ho ripristinato la pagina in [[Usor:Davide2025/Harenarium/Disportus in Italia]]. Ti consiglio di svilupparla ulteriormente prima di metterla nello spazio enciclopedico. Buon lavoro. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:25, 21 Octobris 2025 (UTC) == Transylvania et dies 11 Ianuarii == Salve Grufo! Tibi [[Disputatio:11 Ianuarii|hic]] respondi. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 22:10, 5 Februarii 2026 (UTC) : Gratias tibi ago, [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurine]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 5 Februarii 2026 (UTC) == Tiro sum == Salve Grufo! Tiro hic sum, et magis scire volo de Vikipedia Latina. Nunc disco grammaticam Latinan libro Arnoldiis qui vocatur est “A practical introduction to Latin prose”, et libros Ciceronis lego. Estne fas hic scribere ut linguam Latinam discam? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 17:37, 11 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]. Utilissimum est Latine scribere ad Latinum discendum! Tua peritia linguae mihi videtur esse satis bona. Suadeo ut incipias paginas iam exstantes emendando. Si autem novas paginas scribere cupis, tibi licet sive eas statim creare sive nostro novo “[[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|systemate adumbrationum]]” uti. Tibi faustas emendationes auguror! Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:11, 11 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 10:53, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) == Adumbratorne ego? == Salve Grufo, demiror, qua de causa pagina [[Der fliegende Holländer (melodrama)]] a me incepta Adumbrationis titulo dignata sit. Melius hoc intellegerem, si fere omnes aliae paginae "Adumbrationes" essent. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 18:13, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Neander|Neander]]! Hoc evēnit quia [[Usor:Bartholomite]] putavit [[Special:PermanentLink/3948086|hanc versionem paginae]] esse nimis brevem, idcirco in spatium adumbrationum [[Special:Diff/3948160/3948161|movit]]. Puto motionem rectam fuisse, sed nunc pagina est satis longa. Nihilominus [[Disputatio Usoris:Bartholomite#De paginis ad spatium adumbrationum motis|ei scripsi]] te monendum fore quotienscumque paginam a te creatam moveret. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:47, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) == [[UEFA Nations League]] == Salve Grufo, potesne paginae huius nomen ex Anglico in Latinum mutare? Vale, -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:39, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]. Credo istam mutationem in [[Disputatio:UEFA Nations League|pagina disputationis illius commentationis]] melius petendam esse. Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:10, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::Petivi. Vale. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:20, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) == Quae sunt "negativa lineamenta"? == Dixisti quod differt motus "caterva" et "grex" inquantum caterva est grex negativis cum lineamentis. Cur? Caterva ergo annon extat ut motus pro structura abstracta-algebraica in Neo-Latinitate? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:11, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. “Caterva” est sicut “turba”, “multitudo sine ordine” (cf. “caterva verborum”), at “grex” est tantummodo aggregatio quaedam. Romani “catervam” saepe excercitūs aliarum gentium appellabant, raro suos. Vide {{Lewshort|caterva|catervam}} et {{L&S|grex|gregem}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:06, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Oh, ergo in sensibus communibus differt, non in sensibus ut termata artis. (Sed "grex" erat terma ab Evaristo Galois confectum, ut pagina dicit.) Gratias ago! -- [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 05:14, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ita. Ultro, quod ad nomen ab Evaristo Galois confectum attinet, mihi videtur ipse nullum nomen Latinum, sed tantummodo vocabulum Francogallicum ''groupe'' adhibuisse. Erravine? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:25, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Sic videtur. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 05:40, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:06, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472432 --> == Formulae == Hi, Grufo. I am happy to be back among Vicipaedians, and also happy that Vicipaedia has been getting better and better in my absence. I am very glad that you have been able to work so hard on it at a time when I could not. I notice, in creating new pages, that I should be using formulae <nowiki>{{Res}}</nowiki> for article names, <nowiki>{{Ores}}</nowiki> for names that are titles of works, and <nowiki>{{Anni vitae}}</nowiki> instead of <nowiki>{{Lifetime}}</nowiki>. Correct? I'm sure there are other new formulae, and no doubt I will gradually pick them up, but if there are any more that you think I will need often, feel free to tell me! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:53, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Andrew! I am very glad you are back! Yes, {{Fn|ores}} stands for “res de opere”. It must not be confused with {{Fn|ires}}: both show the lemma in italic, but only {{Fn|ores}} adds the <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><cite>...</cite></syntaxhighlight> tag under the hood, which in turn instructs search engines that the page is about a work. As for {{Fn|anni vitae}}/{{Fn|lifetime}}, the second is simply a redirect to the first, so you are free to choose—although we should prefer Latin in our pages. Among the other things that have changed when you were not here, as far as I can recall, there is that the two old templates {{Fn|nexus desiderati}} and {{Fn|nexus absunt}} have been merged into one single template, and that {{Fn|creanda}} is now transitioning towards {{Fsn|pcc}} (the latter's title might change in the future); long story short, from now on, if you can, please write <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight> instead of <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight>. The advantage is that when eventually the missing page gets created, the new template is able to recognize it even if it got created under a different name. I don't know if there have been other big changes. If yes, probably you will notice! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:39, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) ::That's good. I could not quite follow the developments with "creanda". Your explanation makes it clear, and I will use "subst:creanda". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:48, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]]: Writing <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight> is transitory in this phase to facilitate the usage of the new template. You can also directly write <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|...}}</syntaxhighlight>, although this uses a slightly different syntax. Compare: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|en=Direction (geometry)|directio|directionem}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: and :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio|directionem}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: [[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|The documentation]] should explain everything in detail. The point is that the new template is able to get the Wikidata entity of the linked page, and so both <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight> and <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|...}}</syntaxhighlight>, once you save the page, will eventually turn into, :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|directio|directionem|en|qid=Q2151613}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: where {{para|qid|Q2151613}} contains the Wikidata entity. Once the template has the Wikidata entity, it no longer matters under which name a new page gets created, it will find it. Moreover, when that happens, [[:Categoria:Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant|this category]] will list the pages that now ask for the creation of pages that have already been created, and an empty edit (!) will be enough to remove the template from the page. For instance, on the top-right corner of the “[[Situs interretialis]]” page there is currently the icon of a blinking zero with a pencil; if you click on it and then click on “Mutationes ostendere”, everything should be more clear. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:31, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::I did begin to write "subst:creanda" instead of "creanda". What happened was that immediately on saving my work it changed to the next step, with a much longer template name "safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve" and rearranged elements. This made it harder to continue editing the page. So, to stop that immediate change happening, I've gone back to writing "creanda". I take it the whole series of changes, from "creanda" to "subst:creanda", and on, can be done automatically at some later stage? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]: I just created {{Fsn|creanda/m}}. Now if you write ::::::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda/m|en|Julie Gayet|fr|Julie Gayet|Iulia Gayet}}</syntaxhighlight> :::::: when you save the page it gets replaced with ::::::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:creanda|en|Julie Gayet|fr|Julie Gayet|Iulia Gayet}}</syntaxhighlight> :::::: When you save the page one time more it gets replaced with ::::::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iulia Gayet||fr|en|qid=Q435925}}</syntaxhighlight> :::::: Is that what you were looking for? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:07, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::: P.S. I can also create it with a timer (e.g. it doesn't get replaced before one day passes), but I'll need a bit longer to create that. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:29, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Grufo, you never cease to amaze me! You can do anything! I don't want to be awkward -- after all, if I were efficient, I could save all my potential improvements for one edit, and then do it, and it wouldn't be a problem. However, there may be some value, to others as well as to me, if it works after a fixed delay (a day, as you suggest). Others, not only me, re-read and revise their edits immediately after saving the essential part. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:58, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Thank you, Andrew. Consider it done :) P.S. The long name “Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve” could be temporary: one day, when all transclusions of {{Fn|Creanda}} will be gone (I think they are about 2000 at the moment), we can rename {{Fn|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve}} to {{Fn|Creanda}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:21, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]: I added a timer of one day to {{Fsn|creanda/m}} (you will have to tolerate a {{para|t}} parameter that gets automatically added to save the starting time). What do you think? You would use {{Fsn|creanda/m}} exacly like you would use {{Fn|creanda}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:15, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Fine, thanks! I'll use {{safesubst:creanda/m|t=2026-06-16 08:31:58}} from now on. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:31, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) == Citation style == Hi, Grufo. Thanks for working on "[[Dis-moi ce que tu manges: je te dirai ce que tu es]]". I have just one question about the citation style. Is it really a good idea to aim to put months as well as years in the parenthetic date that follows the author's name? My impression is that English Wikipedians sometimes do this, and that Google Books sometimes inserts days and months (totally unreliably) alongside years of publication, but that people writing bibliographies in the real world don't do it. It would be quite a matter of chance whether the information is available or not. What do you think about that? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:10, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) : Hi [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]. I think that with books definitely the year alone should be enough. The month maybe can be useful with journals (it is true though that volume and issue numbers should be enough). Maybe a general exception is when an author publishes two or more works in the same year: in that case the month might be the only way to write the Chicago-style short citation (e.g. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{qc|Einstein, Mai. 2021}}</syntaxhighlight> and <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{qc|Einstein, Iul. 2021}}</syntaxhighlight>). Long story short: feel free to remove {{para|mensis}} and {{para|tempus ostentum}} from Melvin's article and {{para|mensis}} from Nemeroff's article! P.S. If you have any suggestions on how to improve the {{[[Formula:Opus|Opus]]}} template, please don't hesitate. When I wrote it I tried to find a compromise between English (and other languages') citation standards and the peculiarities of Latin tradition (for instance, I avoided using non-nominative forms like “Alberto Einstein auctore” or “Alberti Einstein ''Lorem Ipsum''”). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:48, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::In general your template works very well. I'll give it some thought. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:05, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) 3lvgrdhq0nijly1d8sgjgfs1fh3aq24 3965177 3965176 2026-06-16T08:33:18Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Formulae */ 3965177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}} Disputationes veteres: {{Specialis:Praefixa/Disputatio Usoris:Grufo/Tabularium}} == Translation request == Hello, Grufo. Can you create an article about the American Democratic Vice Presidential candidate [[:en:Tim Walz]] ([[Timotheus Iacobus Walz]]) in Latin Wikipedia, just like for the Republican Vice Presidential candidate [[Iacobus David Vance]]? Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 12:48, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) : Hi. I did not create the [[Iacobus David Vance]] page, I only [[Specialis:Diff/3848980/3849044|corrected a few things]], mostly of typographical nature. Of course a [[Timotheus Iacobus Walz]] page would be a nice thing to have. But asking users to do something for us usually rarely works. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:01, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::I understand. Thank you for the reply. I also posted the same question to the original uploader. Though I think he or she is a "one timer" and might not upload or edit again. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 13:22, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::: I do not know why the original author created Vance's page, but it is not to be excluded that they did it as a consequence of political affiliation (nothing is wrong with that, as long their contribution is encyclopedic), and if that is the case asking the same person to create the page of their political adversary will likely not work. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:27, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::::That also later crossed my mind. I personally did not request a translation due to political reasons. I just thought that the other Vice Presidential candidate should also have an article in Latin Wikipedia. Never mind. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 13:34, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::::: No problem. Let's see how the original author reacts. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:41, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::::::To my surprise, the original author uploaded the second article as well. I have thanked him or her and I thank you as well. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 15:59, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) ::::::: I am happy they did! :) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:01, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC) == Nomination == Hi, Grufo. I just proposed you at [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus/Grufo]]. When you have a spare moment, please go there and indicate your willingness -- thank you! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:23, 7 Septembris 2024 (UTC) : Thank you, Andrew! :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:46, 7 Septembris 2024 (UTC) ::As you may have noticed, you are elected nemine contradicente. An excellent result! I will now attempt to give you the appropriate permissions. I'm sorry I have been absent rather often on real world concerns, and this may continue for a while. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:23, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC) :::Done, I think. Next time you log in, verify if you have some unaccustomed powers. Notably, you should be able to delete a page (which should be helpful to you and to others who may need to have a page deleted), and protect a page from some groups of editors, and you should be able to block a user, named or anonymous. Tell me if I can help with anything. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:36, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC) :::: Hooray! :-) You have absolutely nothing to apologize for, Andrew. I am very grateful for your sponsorship. I hope your real world concerns will soon calm down. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:19, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC) == Candidatus ad magistratum propositus == Gratias tibi ago, Grufo optime! Me maxime honorasti me ad electionem in circulum magistratuum proponens. Praeter doctrinam meam debiliorem imprimis inopia temporis liberi me monet, ne hoc munus acciperem. Per septuaginta horas cuiusque hebdomadae munere medici occupatus sum. Ideo non prius quam circa mediam noctem ad Vicipaediam nostram accedere soleo. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 20:47, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC) : Gratias tibi ago, Bis-Taurine, quia mihi scripsisti. Paucum tempus non est magnum incommodum, multi sunt magistratus apud nos qui inter se laborem distribuunt (nihilominus a magistratu haud maior labor, sed sapientia tantum requiritur). Nisi tibi displacet “magistratus mediae noctis” fieri, tuam petitionem proponere adhuc cupio. Attamen importunē insistere nolo! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:46, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :: @[[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]]: Demetrium Talpam et Marcum Terentium Bibliophilum [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Magistratus: novae nominationes|nuper proposui]]; et te, volentem, proponere cupio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:44, 15 Octobris 2024 (UTC) ::: Bis-Taurinus Grufoni salutem! Si paucum tempus et peritia mea exigua non impediunt, me canditatum proponas! [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 05:29, 16 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :::: Euax! :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:47, 16 Octobris 2024 (UTC) == Request == As mentioned in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 30#Disney cartoon articles]], there are some semi-protected pages that have been protected for 15 years now. Do you think it'd be OK to remove protection from them? I'm asking you because I see you've handled protections before. I also think that there should be some improvement to these pages, as they are generally stubs that have been short for 15 years. Should I start a new discussion at [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]] to get someone to add more content to the pages? [[Specialis:Conlationes/2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB|2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB]] 16:56, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC) : Hi. It seems that the discussion you linked was not really in favour of removing the protection. It is true that four years have passed, however these pages are only semi-protected, all you need to edit them is an account. Have you considered creating one? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:01, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :: Some of the pages were unprotected, and those haven't been vandalized since. I actually thought that the discussion was in favor by the end of it. Just a note, I'd have to wait four days to edit after creating an account. However, I was wondering if anyone could add more content to these pages. I saw [[Babe: Pig in the City]] was deleted, but could a new page be written to replace it? Also, I see the tag at [[Rugrats]], should that page be deleted? If I create an account, I'll let you know. [[Specialis:Conlationes/2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB|2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB]] 17:06, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC) ::: Account created. [[Usor:Shopping metaphor|Shopping metaphor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shopping metaphor|disputatio]]) 17:10, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :::: That is great! Happy editing! :-) == Petitio de Formula:AE == Salve Grufo! Potesne Formulam:AE in nostra Vicipaedia ratam facere ut exempli gratia in Vicipaedia Anglica. Nam nexum ad inscriptiones Latinas et Graecas praebet quae in ''[[L'Année épigraphique]]'' publicatae sunt. Vide exempli gratia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindia_gens Mindia gens] apud Anglicos (AE|2018|325). Etenim epigraphia Latinitati fons non negligendus aestimanda est. Ante aliquot annos Andreas Dalby hoc idem ad Formulam [[CIL]] effecerat. Te amabo si temptabis. --[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:17, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC) Tibi gratias ago. Non difficile fortasse erat sed talium rerum non peritus sum.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:28, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC) : Noli timere, magnopere quidem fuit facile factu. :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:33, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC) :: {{Tpe|Postilla}} [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marce]], formulam {{Fn|AE ref}} quoque nunc habemus. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:54, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC) == Capsa mendosa? == Hi! I’ve just noticed your [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 33#Capsa mendosa?|your ping from over a year ago]], but the problem seems to still persist, so better late than never. ☺ It’s probably because the same coats of arms are listed both [[d:Q81162#P154|as logos]] and [[d:Q81162#P94|as actual coats of arms]], so the solution is removing the logos from the Wikidata items. —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 11:39, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) : Hi [[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]], thank you for reaching out. How about [[Specialis:Diff/3850542/3861571|this solution]]? To be really unbreakable it should be extended to the other image properties as well – because, for example, [[Collegium Sanctae Catharinae (Oxonia)|here]] the problem still persists. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:48, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :: {{tpe|Nova}} Maybe [[Specialis:Diff/3850542/3861576|this other solution]] solves everything once and for all. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:59, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :::I think it’s more of a workaround than a solution: Wikidata data is simply wrong (these images are coats of arms, not logos), so that should be fixed instead of changing the Wikipedia infobox. [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Property_talk:P94&diff=2273008387 I’ve added a complex constraint on Wikidata that lists exact duplicates] (it won’t catch St Catherine’s College, but it will catch the others). —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 22:15, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :::: It makes sense. What our template does is simply a check for duplicate images (which under no circumstances need to be shown twice). Feel free to restore the check-free version if you want. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:28, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :::::I <em>think</em> the checks shouldn’t be there, but I don’t <em>want</em> to remove them, because I don’t consider myself part of the Latin Wikipedia community and thus want to leave the decision up to the community. (I’m not angry or something like that; it’s perfectly fine for me that you do whatever you want.) —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 23:15, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) :::::: No problem, [[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]]. [[Specialis:Diff/3861576/3861607|I removed the checks]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:35, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC) == Create a page for Peshkopi - Penestae in Latin == @[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] Hi dear Grufo! I am from Albania and I have a request. I want to ask you please can you create a page for Peshkopi: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshkopi (Penestae in Latin) on Latin Wiki. I have asked Andrew Dalby to create it and he didn't created it. So I would be very grateful to you if you will create it yourself. Thanks [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:NevaleLevane|disputatio]]) 13:28, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) : Hi, [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]]. You have already sent me an email three days ago, to which I already replied. Please stop spamming. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:46, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] Hi Grufo! Now I see the email as I didn't checked it. When you will have time, you will create it? The title for Peshkopi in Latin is Penestae: https://www.loquis.com/en/loquis/2174022/Peshkopi https://latin_latin.en-academic.com/45532/PENESTAE https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe) Thanks [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:NevaleLevane|disputatio]]) 17:14, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) ::: @[[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]]: As I already wrote you via email, it is not my intention to create the page you are requesting, for at least the following reasons: :::* The subject is not among my priorities :::* Based on what I know '''and your own sources''' ([https://latin_latin.en-academic.com/45532/PENESTAE #1], [https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe) #2]), the ''Penestae'' were a tribe, not a place, and I don't know reliable sources that state otherwise (I will be happy to be contradicted) – actually, the Latin name of Peshkopi seems to be [[Episcopia (discretiva)|Episcopia]] (again, I am happy to be contradicted), whereas the locality where the ''Penestae'' lived was called ''Penestia'', as it seems :::* If I ever had any intention to create such page, your fixation on a proper name without sources made any intention vanish (you started insisting on it already [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 34#Create articles for Korçë (Coryza - in Latin), Kukës (unknown name in Latin) and Peshkopi (Penestae - in Latin)|five months ago]]) – Btw, we can attempt to propose our translations of common names (see {{Fn|Convertimus}}), but doing the same with proper names is definitely out of question (it's like if I insisted – without sources – that your name is “Donald”) ::: --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:04, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) == De quadam difficultate == Salve Grufo, scisne, cur <nowiki>{{Titulus italicus}}</nowiki> non valeat textum italicum reddere in commentatione [[Fabian oder Der Gang vor die Hunde (pellicula 2021)]]? [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 17:10, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) : Salve Neander! Credo titulum nimis longum esse causam (formula {{Fn|Titulus italicus}} non est sine defectibus). [[Specialis:Diff/3887061/3887066|Haec excogitatio]] similia incommoda solvere potest. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:31, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) :: Rectum igitur hominem adii auxilium petens. Gratias ago quam maximas! [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 18:13, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC) == De voce [[Disportus in Italia]] == Ciao, Grufo. Avrei voluto scriverti in latino, ma presumendo che tu sia italiano ti parlerò nella nostra lingua. Scusami tanto se ti disturbo, ma volevo chiederti: come mai hai cancellato la voce [[Disportus in Italia]], creata da me nella giornata di ieri? Sarebbe stato un approfondimento importante sullo sport italiano (argomento di cui mi sto occupando molto), presente anche in molte altre edizioni di Wikipedia. È vero che quando hai cancellato la pagina essa consisteva in un mero elenco di sport con link rossi indirizzanti a sottopagine, ma avrei avuto l'intenzione di scriverla, ampliarla, correggerla, magari in giorni futuri: quindi non l'avrei lasciata in sospeso, abbandonando una voce appena creata, anzi, avrei anche scritto le pagine con i dettagli per ogni disciplina e magari creato una voce simile per altri paesi del mondo. Perciò volevo chiederti soltanto se la voce potrà essere riammessa o potrò comunque ricrearla (anche non adesso, lavorandoci magari prima sulla mia [[Usor:Davide2025/Harenarium|sandbox]]). Puoi rispondermi sulla mia [[Usor:Davide2025/Disputatio|talk]] ed eventualmente continuare a darmi suggerimenti per il futuro. A presto e ''magnas gratias tibi, mi Grufo''! [[Usor:Davide2025|Davide2025]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Davide2025|disputatio]]) 14:07, 21 Octobris 2025 (UTC) : Ciao [[Usor:Davide2025|Davide]]. Il problema è che non si accettano pagine non finite nello spazio enciclopedico. Ci possono essere dei lavori in corso, ma allora si aggiunge {{Fn|In usu}} in cima alla pagina, altrimenti altri utenti assumeranno che la pagina è stata lasciata così (e infatti un altro utente ha chiesto la cancellazione immediata della pagina in quanto incompleta). Ho ripristinato la pagina in [[Usor:Davide2025/Harenarium/Disportus in Italia]]. Ti consiglio di svilupparla ulteriormente prima di metterla nello spazio enciclopedico. Buon lavoro. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:25, 21 Octobris 2025 (UTC) == Transylvania et dies 11 Ianuarii == Salve Grufo! Tibi [[Disputatio:11 Ianuarii|hic]] respondi. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 22:10, 5 Februarii 2026 (UTC) : Gratias tibi ago, [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurine]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 5 Februarii 2026 (UTC) == Tiro sum == Salve Grufo! Tiro hic sum, et magis scire volo de Vikipedia Latina. Nunc disco grammaticam Latinan libro Arnoldiis qui vocatur est “A practical introduction to Latin prose”, et libros Ciceronis lego. Estne fas hic scribere ut linguam Latinam discam? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 17:37, 11 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]. Utilissimum est Latine scribere ad Latinum discendum! Tua peritia linguae mihi videtur esse satis bona. Suadeo ut incipias paginas iam exstantes emendando. Si autem novas paginas scribere cupis, tibi licet sive eas statim creare sive nostro novo “[[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|systemate adumbrationum]]” uti. Tibi faustas emendationes auguror! Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:11, 11 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 10:53, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) == Adumbratorne ego? == Salve Grufo, demiror, qua de causa pagina [[Der fliegende Holländer (melodrama)]] a me incepta Adumbrationis titulo dignata sit. Melius hoc intellegerem, si fere omnes aliae paginae "Adumbrationes" essent. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 18:13, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Neander|Neander]]! Hoc evēnit quia [[Usor:Bartholomite]] putavit [[Special:PermanentLink/3948086|hanc versionem paginae]] esse nimis brevem, idcirco in spatium adumbrationum [[Special:Diff/3948160/3948161|movit]]. Puto motionem rectam fuisse, sed nunc pagina est satis longa. Nihilominus [[Disputatio Usoris:Bartholomite#De paginis ad spatium adumbrationum motis|ei scripsi]] te monendum fore quotienscumque paginam a te creatam moveret. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:47, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) == [[UEFA Nations League]] == Salve Grufo, potesne paginae huius nomen ex Anglico in Latinum mutare? Vale, -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:39, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]. Credo istam mutationem in [[Disputatio:UEFA Nations League|pagina disputationis illius commentationis]] melius petendam esse. Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:10, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::Petivi. Vale. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:20, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) == Quae sunt "negativa lineamenta"? == Dixisti quod differt motus "caterva" et "grex" inquantum caterva est grex negativis cum lineamentis. Cur? Caterva ergo annon extat ut motus pro structura abstracta-algebraica in Neo-Latinitate? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:11, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. “Caterva” est sicut “turba”, “multitudo sine ordine” (cf. “caterva verborum”), at “grex” est tantummodo aggregatio quaedam. Romani “catervam” saepe excercitūs aliarum gentium appellabant, raro suos. Vide {{Lewshort|caterva|catervam}} et {{L&S|grex|gregem}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:06, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Oh, ergo in sensibus communibus differt, non in sensibus ut termata artis. (Sed "grex" erat terma ab Evaristo Galois confectum, ut pagina dicit.) Gratias ago! -- [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 05:14, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ita. Ultro, quod ad nomen ab Evaristo Galois confectum attinet, mihi videtur ipse nullum nomen Latinum, sed tantummodo vocabulum Francogallicum ''groupe'' adhibuisse. Erravine? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:25, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Sic videtur. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 05:40, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:06, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472432 --> == Formulae == Hi, Grufo. I am happy to be back among Vicipaedians, and also happy that Vicipaedia has been getting better and better in my absence. I am very glad that you have been able to work so hard on it at a time when I could not. I notice, in creating new pages, that I should be using formulae <nowiki>{{Res}}</nowiki> for article names, <nowiki>{{Ores}}</nowiki> for names that are titles of works, and <nowiki>{{Anni vitae}}</nowiki> instead of <nowiki>{{Lifetime}}</nowiki>. Correct? I'm sure there are other new formulae, and no doubt I will gradually pick them up, but if there are any more that you think I will need often, feel free to tell me! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:53, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Andrew! I am very glad you are back! Yes, {{Fn|ores}} stands for “res de opere”. It must not be confused with {{Fn|ires}}: both show the lemma in italic, but only {{Fn|ores}} adds the <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><cite>...</cite></syntaxhighlight> tag under the hood, which in turn instructs search engines that the page is about a work. As for {{Fn|anni vitae}}/{{Fn|lifetime}}, the second is simply a redirect to the first, so you are free to choose—although we should prefer Latin in our pages. Among the other things that have changed when you were not here, as far as I can recall, there is that the two old templates {{Fn|nexus desiderati}} and {{Fn|nexus absunt}} have been merged into one single template, and that {{Fn|creanda}} is now transitioning towards {{Fsn|pcc}} (the latter's title might change in the future); long story short, from now on, if you can, please write <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight> instead of <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight>. The advantage is that when eventually the missing page gets created, the new template is able to recognize it even if it got created under a different name. I don't know if there have been other big changes. If yes, probably you will notice! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:39, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) ::That's good. I could not quite follow the developments with "creanda". Your explanation makes it clear, and I will use "subst:creanda". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:48, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]]: Writing <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight> is transitory in this phase to facilitate the usage of the new template. You can also directly write <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|...}}</syntaxhighlight>, although this uses a slightly different syntax. Compare: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|en=Direction (geometry)|directio|directionem}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: and :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio|directionem}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: [[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|The documentation]] should explain everything in detail. The point is that the new template is able to get the Wikidata entity of the linked page, and so both <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|...}}</syntaxhighlight> and <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|...}}</syntaxhighlight>, once you save the page, will eventually turn into, :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|directio|directionem|en|qid=Q2151613}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: where {{para|qid|Q2151613}} contains the Wikidata entity. Once the template has the Wikidata entity, it no longer matters under which name a new page gets created, it will find it. Moreover, when that happens, [[:Categoria:Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant|this category]] will list the pages that now ask for the creation of pages that have already been created, and an empty edit (!) will be enough to remove the template from the page. For instance, on the top-right corner of the “[[Situs interretialis]]” page there is currently the icon of a blinking zero with a pencil; if you click on it and then click on “Mutationes ostendere”, everything should be more clear. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:31, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::I did begin to write "subst:creanda" instead of "creanda". What happened was that immediately on saving my work it changed to the next step, with a much longer template name "safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve" and rearranged elements. This made it harder to continue editing the page. So, to stop that immediate change happening, I've gone back to writing "creanda". I take it the whole series of changes, from "creanda" to "subst:creanda", and on, can be done automatically at some later stage? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]: I just created {{Fsn|creanda/m}}. Now if you write ::::::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda/m|en|Julie Gayet|fr|Julie Gayet|Iulia Gayet}}</syntaxhighlight> :::::: when you save the page it gets replaced with ::::::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:creanda|en|Julie Gayet|fr|Julie Gayet|Iulia Gayet}}</syntaxhighlight> :::::: When you save the page one time more it gets replaced with ::::::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iulia Gayet||fr|en|qid=Q435925}}</syntaxhighlight> :::::: Is that what you were looking for? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:07, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::: P.S. I can also create it with a timer (e.g. it doesn't get replaced before one day passes), but I'll need a bit longer to create that. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:29, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Grufo, you never cease to amaze me! You can do anything! I don't want to be awkward -- after all, if I were efficient, I could save all my potential improvements for one edit, and then do it, and it wouldn't be a problem. However, there may be some value, to others as well as to me, if it works after a fixed delay (a day, as you suggest). Others, not only me, re-read and revise their edits immediately after saving the essential part. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:58, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Thank you, Andrew. Consider it done :) P.S. The long name “Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve” could be temporary: one day, when all transclusions of {{Fn|Creanda}} will be gone (I think they are about 2000 at the moment), we can rename {{Fn|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve}} to {{Fn|Creanda}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:21, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]: I added a timer of one day to {{Fsn|creanda/m}} (you will have to tolerate a {{para|t}} parameter that gets automatically added to save the starting time). What do you think? You would use {{Fsn|creanda/m}} exacly like you would use {{Fn|creanda}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:15, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Fine, thanks! I'll use {{Fsn|creanda/m}} from now on. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:31, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) == Citation style == Hi, Grufo. Thanks for working on "[[Dis-moi ce que tu manges: je te dirai ce que tu es]]". I have just one question about the citation style. Is it really a good idea to aim to put months as well as years in the parenthetic date that follows the author's name? My impression is that English Wikipedians sometimes do this, and that Google Books sometimes inserts days and months (totally unreliably) alongside years of publication, but that people writing bibliographies in the real world don't do it. It would be quite a matter of chance whether the information is available or not. What do you think about that? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:10, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) : Hi [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]. I think that with books definitely the year alone should be enough. The month maybe can be useful with journals (it is true though that volume and issue numbers should be enough). Maybe a general exception is when an author publishes two or more works in the same year: in that case the month might be the only way to write the Chicago-style short citation (e.g. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{qc|Einstein, Mai. 2021}}</syntaxhighlight> and <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{qc|Einstein, Iul. 2021}}</syntaxhighlight>). Long story short: feel free to remove {{para|mensis}} and {{para|tempus ostentum}} from Melvin's article and {{para|mensis}} from Nemeroff's article! P.S. If you have any suggestions on how to improve the {{[[Formula:Opus|Opus]]}} template, please don't hesitate. When I wrote it I tried to find a compromise between English (and other languages') citation standards and the peculiarities of Latin tradition (for instance, I avoided using non-nominative forms like “Alberto Einstein auctore” or “Alberti Einstein ''Lorem Ipsum''”). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:48, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::In general your template works very well. I'll give it some thought. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:05, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC) m2r5fntmsjkr4zsto1cubfldh8h2gfz Disputatio Usoris:UOzurumba (WMF)/sandbox 3 315042 3965082 3957294 2026-06-15T16:36:18Z MediaWiki message delivery 62628 /* Tech News: 2026-25 */ nova pars 3965082 wikitext text/x-wiki == Приглашение к участию в исследовании == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Здравствуйте! Фонд Викимедиа проводит опрос википедистов, чтобы лучше понять, что привлекает администраторов к участию в работе над Википедией и что влияет на удержание администраторов. Мы будем использовать это исследование для улучшения возможностей википедистов, решения распространенных проблем и удовлетворения потребностей. Мы определили Вас как подходящего кандидата для этого исследования и будем очень признательны за участие в этом '''[https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/728994?lang=ru анонимном опросе]'''. Для участия Вам не нужно быть администратором. Прохождение опроса должно занять около 10–15 минут. Вы можете прочитать больше об исследовании на его [[Special:MyLanguage/Research:Wikipedia Administrator Recruitment, Retention, and Attrition|странице Мета-вики]] и просмотреть его [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Administrator Experiences 2024 Survey Privacy Statement|заявление о конфиденциальности]]. Если у Вас есть вопросы или сомнения, обращайтесь к нам с использованием контактов на странице Мета-вики проекта. С уважением, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Исследовательская группа Фонда Викимедиа]] </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:BGerdemann (WMF)|BGerdemann (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BGerdemann (WMF)|disputatio]]) 16:44, 8 Novembris 2024 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=27720774 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463] * View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In <code dir="ltr">[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]</code>, the logic of Wikibase function <code>getAllStatements</code> changed to behave like <code>getBestStatements</code>. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]]. '''In depth''' * Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488] '''Meetings and events''' * 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] & [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:55, 11 Novembris 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=27720774 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2024-47</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2024-W47"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057] * View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380] '''In depth''' * There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis. '''Meetings and events''' * Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas. * Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''. * A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2024-W47"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 01:44, 19 Novembris 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=27720774 --> == Enabling Dark mode for logged-out users in this Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not written in your native language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] will be enabling [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on your Wikipedia now that pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations! The plan to enable is made possible by the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who ensured that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody! For context, the Web team has concluded work on dark mode. If, on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month. If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create a page: <code>Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/xx.wikipedia.org</code> in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page. Thank you! On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 22:02, 21 Ianuarii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=27720774 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [[testwiki:Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation dashboard]] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:33, 13 Martii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=27720774 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:47, 13 Martii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=28382523 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:please-translate}}. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization team|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. Below is a breakdown of important information about the improvement. '''What are the improvements?'''<br> The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users can now access the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic). Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] '''Does this improvement change the current accessibility of this tool in this Wikipedia?'''<br> The Content translation tool will still be in beta; therefore, only logged-in users who activated the tool from the [[en:wikipedia:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] will continue to have access to the content translation tool. Also, if the tool is only available to a specific [[en:Wikipedia:User access levels|user group]], it will remain that way. '''When do we plan to implement this improvement?'''<br> We will implement it on your Wikipedia and others by 24th, March 2025. '''What happens to the former dashboard after we implement the improvement?'''<br> You can still access it in the tool for some time. We will remove it from all Wikipedias by May 2025, as maintaining it will no longer be productive. '''Where can I test this improvement and report any issues before it is implemented in this Wiki?''' <br> You can try the improved capabilities in the test wiki using this link: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ . If you notice an issue related to the improved dashboard in the test wiki, please let us know in this thread and ping me, or report it in [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/ Phabricator], adding these tags: <code>BUG REPORT</code> and <code>ContentTranslation</code>. Please ask us any questions regarding this improvement in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 03:55, 14 Martii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=28382523 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. Below is a breakdown of important information about the improvement. '''What are the improvements?'''<br> The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users can now access the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic). Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] '''Does this improvement change the current accessibility of this tool in this Wikipedia?'''<br> The Content translation tool will still be in beta; therefore, only logged-in users who activated the tool from the [[en:wikipedia:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] will continue to have access to the content translation tool. Also, if the tool is only available to a specific [[en:Wikipedia:User access levels|user group]], it will remain that way. '''When do we plan to implement this improvement?'''<br> We will implement it on your Wikipedia and others by 24th, March 2025. '''What happens to the former dashboard after we implement the improvement?'''<br> You can still access it in the tool for some time. We will remove it from all Wikipedias by May 2025, as maintaining it will no longer be productive. '''Where can I test this improvement and report any issues before it is implemented in this Wiki?''' <br> You can try the improved capabilities in the test wiki using this link: https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=es&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en#/ . If you notice an issue related to the improved dashboard in the test wiki, please let us know in this thread and ping me, or report it in [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/ Phabricator], adding these tags: <code>BUG REPORT</code> and <code>ContentTranslation</code>. Please ask us any questions regarding this improvement in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 04:15, 14 Martii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=28382523 --> == Enabling Dark mode for logged-out users in this Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies, as this message is not written in your native language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] will be enabling [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on your Wikipedia by 15th May 2025 now that pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations! The plan to enable is made possible by the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who ensured that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody! For context, the Web team has concluded work on dark mode. If, on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month. If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create a page: <code>Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/xx.wikipedia.org</code> in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page. Thank you! On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 23:49, 6 Maii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=28382523 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the "featured" tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details. '''Meetings and events''' * [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now! * [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:59, 14 Iulii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=28382523 --> == Get started with the Lua interface to simplify preparation of modules for translation of modules in MetaWiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> Greetings! The [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has developed a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message_Bundles/Lua_reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation in the MetaWiki platform. This means that module developers can now use the new Lua interface to load translatable strings, and the translators can translate them in the same translation interface that is used for templates and wiki pages. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. We invite you to [[commons:File:Translatable_modules_video_demo_July_2025.webm|'''watch our demo video''']] '''and read more about''' [[mw:Translatable_modules|'''translatable modules''']] to understand how it works. '''Please give us your feedback on''' [[mw:Talk:Translatable_modules|'''this talk page''']] on how well the Lua interface addresses the challenges in your workflow and how useful it is in module localization tasks. You can also look at [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]]. which was recently converted to utilize these messages, for example usage. Your feedback is important as it will help us evaluate and decide how to continue developing and improving this interface, extend it to other wikis, or change our approach. Thank you, and we anticipate your honest feedback. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 06:13, 28 Iulii 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=28382523 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:29, 1 Septembris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-36</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W36"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki] * The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as "Templates used on this page," will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066] * On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the <code>Special:RecentChanges</code>, <code>Special:Watchlist</code>, and <code>Special:RelatedChanges</code> pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789] * Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]]. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions now has a new capability called "lightweight enumeration types", an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more. * The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more. '''Meetings and events''' * Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions: ** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these]. ** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W36"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:38, 1 Septembris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-39</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W39"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ "Listen to Wikipedia"] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]]. '''Updates for editors''' * Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator. * A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: <code><nowiki>{{#contentmodel}}</nowiki></code>. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254] * Adding or editing a <code>DISPLAYTITLE</code> for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the <code><nowiki>{{DISPLAYTITLE}}</nowiki></code> would no longer have the literal text "DISPLAYTITLE" or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. * Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates). '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W39"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 22:39, 22 Septembris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-40</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W40"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/] '''Updates for editors''' * The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]]. * As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]]. * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]]. * On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563] * The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test. * The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with <code>sp-contributions-blocked-notice</code>] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with <code>blocked-notice-logextract</code>] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed. * There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as <code dir=ltr><nowiki>[ ] |</nowiki></code> after the fragment identifier (<code><nowiki>#</nowiki></code>). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823] * One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|<code>q:ms:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698] * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the <code>[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]</code> function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once. * A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product & Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool. * [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W40"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:35, 29 Septembris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == Upcoming Dark Mode user interface rollout for anonymous Wikimedia sites users == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikimedians, Apologies if this message is not in your language. {{int:please-translate}}. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will launch the Dark mode feature for anonymous users on all Wikimedia sites, including yours, on October 29, 2025. [[:en:Special:MyLanguage/Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark mode]] is an option that allows users to view pages in light-coloured text, and icons on a dark background. Once it is available for anonymous users, they can enable it when using various devices. More information on ways to enable it can be found on [[:en:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia:Dark mode#Options for anyone|this page]]. Given many pages are still not compatible with dark mode this will be an opt-in feature and not automatically apply to pages. Dark mode requires modifications to content pages and templates, and since our initial launch [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/dark-modes-bright-future-how-dark-mode-will-transform-wikipedias-accessibility/|in July 2024], we have been working with communities and helping them prepare for dark mode. Before the rollout, it is essential that template authors and technical contributors test dark mode and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|this page]] to learn how to make pages Dark mode-ready and address any compatibility issues found in templates. We will fix most color compatibility issues only on the most-viewed pages on projects with over 5 million monthly page views. Technical contributors with an account should opt into dark mode currently using preferences or settings and test pages and seek help before the release to ensure everything complies before the enablement. If you have any questions or need help, please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|contact the Reader Experience team]] for support. Thank you! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 01:24, 30 Septembris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Apps newsletter – Third quarter of 2025</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="content"/> In this edition, we’ll walk you through the major updates, experiments, and improvements that took place in the Wikipedia mobile apps during July, August, and September. === iOS === ==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing]] ==== * In July, we released the first iteration of Tabbed Browsing to all users. * Our 30-day A/B test showed mixed but promising results: while logged-out user retention gains were modest compared to Android, survey feedback was overwhelmingly positive (93% rated the feature “Neutral to Very Satisfactory”). * We continued improvements throughout August and September, including a design review for “More Dynamic Tabs,” a new tab controller, and bug fixes such as inconsistent tab sizing on iPad mini and tooltip issues. ==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review |Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review]] ==== * Work continued on Year in Review upgrades, with spikes exploring features such as sharing entire reviews, custom app icons, and showing which geographies users read about the most. * We also began preparing overall app data to share richer collective insights. ==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh/Updates|Navigation Refresh]] ==== *We improved code behind the History tab and recent searches to prepare for future navigational changes. ==== Other iOS Updates ==== *Released several app versions (7.8.1 through 7.8.3), with smoke tests completed. *Resolved numerous bugs including crashes (tooltips, gestures, search), iPad layout issues, and visual problems with captions, Quick Facts, and images in Dark Mode. *Added a new REST endpoint for remote configuration and upgraded fundraising configurations to support A/B testing. *Verified continued compatibility with multi-factor authentication (MFA). === Android === ==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Customizable Donation Reminder Experiment|Customizable Donation Reminder Experiment]] ==== *In August, we launched the Customizable Donation Reminder experiment in Italy. The reminder will allow users to decide if they want to be reminded to donate, and how often. ==== [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity Tab Experiment]] ==== * By September, we finalized core modules, onboarding, instrumentation, and validation tasks needed for the A/B test of the new Activity Tab against the Edit Tab. * This marks a major step toward testing whether an Activity space can improve multi-day engagement and retention. ==== Bug Fixes & Improvements ==== *Fixed crashes with image gallery long-press, saved article syncing for Chinese, edit previews, and special links. *Addressed rendering and Dark Mode issues affecting math tags, GIFs, and citation numbers. ==== Other Android Updates ==== *We released a new beta and conducted multiple regression tests to ensure stability. *We added a general-purpose remote configuration REST endpoint, aligned with iOS. *Continued technical debt cleanup, including removing allowMainThreadQueries and adding suspend to DAO functions. *Upgraded fundraising configuration to support A/B testing. ==== Cross-Platform ==== *Both apps upgraded fundraising A/B test support and created a shared remote configuration REST endpoint. *We began tracking Account Vanish events on iOS and Android for privacy features. ==== Looking Ahead ==== This quarter marked a big step forward on Tabbed Browsing, Activity Tab, and Year in Review — three projects aimed at making Wikipedia more personal, navigable, and engaging. We also advanced donation experiments and backend improvements to support future flexibility. Make sure you’re [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/Wikimedia Apps updates|subscribed to this newsletter]] to stay in the loop — and thank you for being part of the journey! <section end="content"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:ARamadan-WMF|ARamadan-WMF]]</bdi> 02:07, 14 Octobris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2025-46</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2025-W46"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' [[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]] * Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in "{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}". [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264] * MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347] * Using the "{{int:showpreview}}" or "{{int:showdiff}}" buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097] * Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454] * The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment] * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called "Image browsing" to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28. * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to <code><nowiki>https://meta.wikimedia.org</nowiki></code>. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from <code><user id></code> to <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">mw:<identity type>:<user id></code>, where <code><identity type></code> is typically <code dir=ltr>CentralAuth:</code><!-- not a typo --> (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or <code dir=ltr style="white-space:nowrap">local:<wiki id></code> (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the <code>sessionJwt</code> cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199] * MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page <code><nowiki>$9</nowiki></code> or emailing other users <code><nowiki>$</nowiki><nowiki>10</nowiki></code>. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612] * A <code>REL1_45</code> branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/] * The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2025-W46"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:24, 10 Novembris 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:04, 26 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:40, 23 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:57, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:36, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/mass_message_test_list&oldid=29050046 --> lofypgy8vzwju7q7ac0hd3y029mq25y Iactus (astrophysica) 0 316836 3965162 3921455 2026-06-16T03:15:47Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Opus|opus]]}}; minora 3965162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Iactus}} [[Fasciculus:ESO Centaurus A LABOCA.jpg|thumb|Galaxias {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Centaurus A|Centauri A|en|qid=Q487255}} duos immensos iactūs [[plasma]]ticos, utrumque unius [[millio]]nis [[annus luce mensus|annorum luce mensorum]] longum, effundit.]] {{res|Iactus}}{{Convertimus}}<ref>{{*Cfr}} [[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plin.]], {{Op|[[Naturalis historia (Plinius)|Hist.]]}} {{Vf|Naturalis Historia/Liber II|XLV|II, 45, 116}}: “radiorumque multiformi {{Lectio|iactu}} flagellatus aër”.</ref>{{LTL ref|jactus|951}}{{L&S ref|jactus2|jactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m}}; [[Anglice]] {{barbarice|lingua=en|jet}}) in [[astrophysica]] est [[phaenomenon]]<ref>“Phaenomena ab astronomis dicuntur, quae in aëre et caelis digna observatione apparent”—{{*cfr}} {{LTL|phaenomenon|698}}.</ref> quo [[materies]] [[ion]]izata in duas trabes immensas secundum [[axis|axem]] [[rotatio]]nis cuiusdam [[corpus caeleste|corporis]] centralis ordinatas effunditur.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Beall | nomen = J. H. | titulus = A Review of Astrophysical Jets | contextus = Proceedings of Science | annus = 2015 | paginae = 58 | url = https://pos.sissa.it/archive/conferences/246/058/MULTIF15_058.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 19 February 2017 | bibcode = 2015mbhe.confE..58B | doi = 10.22323/1.246.0058 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}.</ref> Quum materies iactuum [[celeritas lucis|celeritati lucis]] appropinquat, ipsi appellantur {{res|iactūs relativistici}}, nam nonnullos effectūs [[relativitas specialis|theoriae relativitatis specialis]] exhibent. [[Fasciculus:M87 jet.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Galaxias ellipticus||en|qid=Q184348}} {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Messier 87|M87|en|qid=Q14041}} per [[Telescopium spatiale Hubbleanum]] observatus, dum iactum relativisticum emittit.]] [[Fasciculus:Hubble Sees the Force Awakening in a Newborn Star (23807356641).jpg|thumb|Iactūs stellā nascenti emissi per [[Telescopium spatiale Hubbleanum]] observati]] Generatio et sustentatio iactuum astrophysicorum descriptiones valde complexas requirunt, quae ad varia genera fontium astronomicorum [[physica particularum elementarium|altarum energiarum]] pertinent. Iactūs verisimiliter e {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|discus accretionis|discis accretionis|en|qid=Q237604}}, qui corpora compacta centralia—velut [[foramen nigrum|foramina nigra]], [[stella neutronica|stellas neutronicas]], vel [[pulsar]]ia—comitare solent, per varias interactiones dynamicas oriuntur. [[Campus magneticus|Campi magnetici]], perturbati, putantur sic se ordinare ut materies in duas oppositas trabes, fontem centralem angulis angustissimis deserentes ({{*ca}} > 1%), dirigant.<ref name="Kundt">{{Opus | cognomen = Kundt | nomen = W. | titulus = A Uniform Description of All the Astrophysical Jets | contextus = Proceedings of Science | annus = 2014 | paginae = 58 | url = https://pos.sissa.it/archive/conferences/237/025/FRAPWS2014_025.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 19 February 2017 | bibcode = 2015mbhe.confE..58B | doi = 10.22323/1.246.0058 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}.</ref> Iactūs affici quoque possunt effectu relativitatis generalis “[[spatii temporisque tractio|spatii temporisque tractione]]” appellato.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Miller-Jones | nomen = James | titulus = A rapidly changing jet orientation in the stellar-mass black-hole system V404 Cygni | contextus = Nature | volumen = 569 | fasciculus = 7756 | annus = 2019 | mensis = 4 | paginae = 374–377 | url = https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/431852/1/A_rapidly_changing_jet_orientation_in_the_stellar_mass_black_hole_system_V404_Cygni.pdf | bibcode = 2019Natur.569..374M | doi = 10.1038/s41586-019-1152-0 | s2cid = 139106116 | pmid = 31036949 | arxiv = 1906.05400 }}.</ref> Plerique e maximis strenuissimisque iactibus per [[foramen nigrum supermassivum|foramina nigra supermassiva]] in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|nucleus galacticus activus|nucleis galacticis activis|en|qid=Q46587}}—nempe in [[quasar]]ibus, in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|galaxias radioelectricus|galaxiis radioelectricis|en|qid=Q217012}}, vel intra {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|grex galaxiarum|greges galaxiarum|en|qid=Q14515149}}—creantur.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Beall | nomen 1 = J. H | titulus = A review of Astrophysical Jets | contextus = Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings | volumen = 1 | fasciculus = 1 | annus = 2014 | paginae = 259–264 | bibcode = 2014mbhe.conf..259B | doi = 10.14311/APP.2014.01.0259 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}.</ref> Longitudo ambarum trabum usque ad milliones [[parsec]] pervagari potest.<ref name="Kundt" /> Alia corpora astronomica quae iactūs producunt sunt [[Stella variabilis cataclysmica|stellae cataclysmaticae variabiles]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae binariae radiorum Roentgenianorum||en|qid=Q5961}}, et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|eruptio radiorum gamma|eruptiones radiorum gamma|en|qid=Q22247}}. Iactūs minores ({{*circa}} parsec unius) in regionibus formationis stellarum reperiri possunt, ubi stellae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stella classe T Tauri|classe T Tauri|en|qid=Q6232}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|corpus Herbiganum–Haronianum|corpora Herbigana–Haroniana|en|qid=Q50048}} inveniuntur. Multa talium corporum per interactionem inter iactūs et [[gas]] [[pulvis|pulverem]]<nowiki />que interstellarem formantur. Nonnullus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effluxus bipolaris||en|qid=Q12053157}} etiam [[protostella|protostellas]],<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Star sheds via reverse whirlpool | tempus = 2007-12-27 | domus editoria = astronomy.com | url = http://www.astronomy.com/news/2007/12/star-sheds-via-reverse-whirlpool | tempus inspectionis = 2015-05-26 }}.</ref> {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Stella post ramum asymptoticum gigantium evoluta|stellas post ramum asymptoticum gigantium evolutas|en|qid=Q66619774}}, [[nebula planetaria|nebulas planetarias]], atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|nebula bipolaris|nebulas bipolares|en|qid=Q2722426}} comitare potest. == Iactus relativistici == Iactūs relativistici materiem ionizatam usque ad celeritatem luci proximam accelerant. In observationibus, plerique cum foraminibus nigris centralibus quasarum, galaxiarum activorum, vel galaxiarum radioelectricorum, atque item cum foraminibus nigris stellaribus, stellis neutronicis vel pulsaribus intra galaxias sociantur. Longitudines trabium variare possunt inter plura milia,<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Biretta | nomen = J. | titulus = Hubble Detects Faster-Than-Light Motion in Galaxy M87 | tempus = 1999-01-06 | url = http://www.stsci.edu/ftp/science/m87/m87.html }}.</ref> centena milia,<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Evidence for Ultra-Energetic Particles in Jet from Black Hole | tempus = 2006-06-20 | domus editoria = Yale University – Office of Public Affairs | url = http://news.yale.edu/2006/06/20/evidence-ultra-energetic-particles-jet-black-hole | retrospectio = 20080513034113 }}.</ref> vel etiam milliones parsec.<ref name="Kundt" /> Materies, dum sua celeritas illi lucis appropinquat, effectūs notabiles theoriae relativitatis specialis exhibet, exempli gratia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effulgentia relativistica|effulgentiam relativisticam|en|qid=Q1705752}}, quae luminositatem apparentem iactuum transmutat.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Semenov | nomen 1 = V. | cognomen 2 = Dyadechkin | nomen 2 = S. | cognomen 3 = Punsly | nomen 3 = B. | titulus = Simulations of Jets Driven by Black Hole Rotation | contextus = Science | volumen = 305 | fasciculus = 5686 | annus = 2004 | paginae = 978–980 | url = https://cds.cern.ch/record/789685 | bibcode = 2004Sci...305..978S | doi = 10.1126/science.1100638 | s2cid = 1590734 | pmid = 15310894 | arxiv = astro-ph/0408371 }}.</ref> Foramina nigra supermassiva in mediis galaxiis iactūs potentissimos emittunt, nihilominus eis sunt structura et habitus illis similes qui ad minores stellas neutronicas foraminaque nigra stellaria pertinent. Haec systemata minora saepe {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|microquasar|microquasaria|en|qid=Q2140232}} appellantur et amplam varietatem celeritatum exhibent. Exempli gratia, iactui systematis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|SS 433||en|qid=Q1029902}} est celeritas media {{cent|26|gen}} illius lucis.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Blundell | nomen 1 = Katherine | titulus = Jet Velocity in SS 433: Its Anticorrelation with Precession-Cone Angle and Dependence on Orbital Phase | contextus = The Astrophysical Journal | volumen = 622 | fasciculus = 2 | annus = 2008 | mensis = 12 | pagina = 129 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230936232 | tempus inspectionis = 2021-01-15 | doi = 10.1086/429663 | accessus ad doi = liberus | arxiv = astro-ph/0410457 }}.</ref> Natūs iactuum relativisticorum etiam eruptiones radiorum gamma observatas explicare possunt, quibus sunt trabes relativisticissimae, saepe “{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Limes ultrarelativisticus|ultrarelativisticae|en|qid=Q7880617}}” appellatae.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Dereli-Bégué | nomen 1 = Hüsne | cognomen 2 = Pe’er | nomen 2 = Asaf | cognomen 3 = Ryde | nomen 3 = Felix | cognomen 4 = Oates | nomen 4 = Samantha R. | cognomen 5 = Zhang | nomen 5 = Bing | cognomen 6 = Dainotti | nomen 6 = Maria G. | titulus = A wind environment and Lorentz factors of tens explain gamma-ray bursts X-ray plateau | contextus = Nature Communications | volumen = 13 | fasciculus = 1 | tempus = 2022-09-24 | lingua = en | paginae = 5611 | bibcode = 2022NatCo..13.5611D | doi = 10.1038/s41467-022-32881-1 | pmid = 36153328 | issn = 2041-1723 | pmc = 9509382 | arxiv = 2207.11066 }}.</ref> Rationes quae internam compositionem iactuum statuunt manent incertae.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Georganopoulos | nomen 1 = M. | cognomen 2 = Kazanas | nomen 2 = D. | cognomen 3 = Perlman | nomen 3 = E. | cognomen 4 = Stecker | nomen 4 = F. W. | titulus = Bulk Comptonization of the Cosmic Microwave Background by Extragalactic Jets as a Probe of Their Matter Content | contextus = The Astrophysical Journal | volumen = 625 | fasciculus = 2 | annus = 2005 | paginae = 656–666 | bibcode = 2005ApJ...625..656G | doi = 10.1086/429558 | s2cid = 39743397 | arxiv = astro-ph/0502201 }}.</ref> Aliae investigationes theoriis favent in quibus iactūs describuntur mixtura omnino neutra [[nucleus atomi|nucleorum]], [[electron]]um, et [[positron]]um; aliae autem putant iactūs e plasmate positronum electronumque componi.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Hirotani | nomen 1 = K. | cognomen 2 = Iguchi | nomen 2 = S. | cognomen 3 = Kimura | nomen 3 = M. | cognomen 4 = Wajima | nomen 4 = K. | titulus = Pair Plasma Dominance in the Parsec-Scale Relativistic Jet of 3C 345 | contextus = The Astrophysical Journal | volumen = 545 | fasciculus = 1 | annus = 2000 | paginae = 100–106 | bibcode = 2000ApJ...545..100H | doi = 10.1086/317769 | s2cid = 17274015 | arxiv = astro-ph/0005394 }}.</ref><ref name="brandeis.edu">[http://pc.astro.brandeis.edu/pdfs/elec-pos.pdf Electron–positron Jets Associated with Quasar 3C 279]</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Naeye | nomen 1 = R. | cognomen 2 = Gutro | nomen 2 = R. | titulus = Vast Cloud of Antimatter Traced to Binary Stars | tempus = 2008-01-09 | domus editoria = [[NASA]] | url = http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/antimatter_binary.html }}.</ref> Nuclei in iactibus positronicis–electronicis rapti exspectantur altissimas energias habere, quum eis, etiamsi gravioribus, velocitas positronibus electronibusque congruens attingenda sit. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Foramen nigrum]] * [[Galaxias]] * [[Pulsar]] * [[Punctulum rubrum (galaxiarum genus)]] * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Stella neutronica]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Astrophysical jets|Iactūs}} [[Categoria:Astrophysica]] [[Categoria:Foramina nigra]] kn842q07s2wa0xdjmuac16tdjipd3g6 3965167 3965162 2026-06-16T04:02:15Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3965167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Iactus}} [[Fasciculus:ESO Centaurus A LABOCA.jpg|thumb|Galaxias {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Centaurus A|Centauri A|en|qid=Q487255}} duos immensos iactūs [[plasma]]ticos, utrumque unius [[millio]]nis [[annus luce mensus|annorum luce mensorum]] longum, effundit.]] {{res|Iactus}}{{Convertimus}}<ref>{{*Cfr}} [[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plin.]], {{Op|[[Naturalis historia (Plinius)|Hist.]]}} {{Vf|Naturalis Historia/Liber II|XLV|II, 45, 116}}: “radiorumque multiformi {{Lectio|iactu}} flagellatus aër”.</ref>{{LTL ref|jactus|951}}{{L&S ref|jactus2|jactus}} ({{pns|ūs|m}}; [[Anglice]] {{barbarice|lingua=en|jet}}) in [[astrophysica]] est [[phaenomenon]]<ref>“Phaenomena ab astronomis dicuntur, quae in aëre et caelis digna observatione apparent”—{{*cfr}} {{LTL|phaenomenon|698}}.</ref> quo [[materies]] [[ion]]izata in duas trabes immensas secundum [[axis|axem]] [[rotatio]]nis cuiusdam [[corpus caeleste|corporis]] centralis ordinatas effunditur.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Beall | nomen = J. H. | titulus = A Review of Astrophysical Jets | contextus = Proceedings of Science | annus = 2015 | paginae = 58 | url = https://pos.sissa.it/archive/conferences/246/058/MULTIF15_058.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 19 February 2017 | bibcode = 2015mbhe.confE..58B | doi = 10.22323/1.246.0058 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}.</ref> Quum materies iactuum [[celeritas lucis|celeritati lucis]] appropinquat, ipsi appellantur {{res|iactūs relativistici}}, nam nonnullos effectūs [[relativitas specialis|theoriae relativitatis specialis]] exhibent. [[Fasciculus:M87 jet.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Galaxias ellipticus||en|qid=Q184348}} {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Messier 87|M87|en|qid=Q14041}} per [[Telescopium spatiale Hubbleanum]] observatus, dum iactum relativisticum emittit.]] [[Fasciculus:Hubble Sees the Force Awakening in a Newborn Star (23807356641).jpg|thumb|Iactūs stellā nascenti emissi per [[Telescopium spatiale Hubbleanum]] observati]] Generatio et sustentatio iactuum astrophysicorum descriptiones valde complexas requirunt, quae ad varia genera fontium astronomicorum [[physica particularum elementarium|altarum energiarum]] pertinent. Iactūs verisimiliter e {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|discus accretionis|discis accretionis|en|qid=Q237604}}, qui corpora compacta centralia—velut [[foramen nigrum|foramina nigra]], [[stella neutronica|stellas neutronicas]], vel [[pulsar]]ia—comitare solent, per varias interactiones dynamicas oriuntur. [[Campus magneticus|Campi magnetici]], perturbati, putantur sic se ordinare ut materies in duas oppositas trabes, fontem centralem angulis angustissimis deserentes ({{*ca}} > 1%), dirigant.<ref name="Kundt">{{Opus | cognomen = Kundt | nomen = W. | titulus = A Uniform Description of All the Astrophysical Jets | contextus = Proceedings of Science | annus = 2014 | paginae = 58 | url = https://pos.sissa.it/archive/conferences/237/025/FRAPWS2014_025.pdf | tempus inspectionis = 19 February 2017 | bibcode = 2015mbhe.confE..58B | doi = 10.22323/1.246.0058 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}.</ref> Iactūs etiam affici possunt effectu relativitatis generalis “[[spatii temporisque tractio|spatii temporisque tractione]]” appellato.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Miller-Jones | nomen = James | titulus = A rapidly changing jet orientation in the stellar-mass black-hole system V404 Cygni | contextus = Nature | volumen = 569 | fasciculus = 7756 | annus = 2019 | mensis = 4 | paginae = 374–377 | url = https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/431852/1/A_rapidly_changing_jet_orientation_in_the_stellar_mass_black_hole_system_V404_Cygni.pdf | bibcode = 2019Natur.569..374M | doi = 10.1038/s41586-019-1152-0 | s2cid = 139106116 | pmid = 31036949 | arxiv = 1906.05400 }}.</ref> Plerique e maximis strenuissimisque iactibus per [[foramen nigrum supermassivum|foramina nigra supermassiva]] in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|nucleus galacticus activus|nucleis galacticis activis|en|qid=Q46587}}—nempe in [[quasar]]ibus, in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|galaxias radioelectricus|galaxiis radioelectricis|en|qid=Q217012}}, vel intra {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|grex galaxiarum|greges galaxiarum|en|qid=Q14515149}}—creantur.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Beall | nomen 1 = J. H | titulus = A review of Astrophysical Jets | contextus = Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings | volumen = 1 | fasciculus = 1 | annus = 2014 | paginae = 259–264 | bibcode = 2014mbhe.conf..259B | doi = 10.14311/APP.2014.01.0259 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}.</ref> Longitudo ambarum trabum usque ad milliones [[parsec]] pervagari potest.<ref name="Kundt" /> Alia corpora astronomica quae iactūs producunt sunt [[Stella variabilis cataclysmica|stellae cataclysmaticae variabiles]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae binariae radiorum Roentgenianorum||en|qid=Q5961}}, et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|eruptio radiorum gamma|eruptiones radiorum gamma|en|qid=Q22247}}. Iactūs minores ({{*circa}} parsec unius) in regionibus formationis stellarum reperiri possunt, ubi stellae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stella classe T Tauri|classe T Tauri|en|qid=Q6232}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|corpus Herbiganum–Haronianum|corpora Herbigana–Haroniana|en|qid=Q50048}} inveniuntur. Multa talium corporum per interactionem inter iactūs et [[gas]] [[pulvis|pulverem]]<nowiki />que interstellarem formantur. Nonnullus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effluxus bipolaris||en|qid=Q12053157}} etiam [[protostella|protostellas]],<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Star sheds via reverse whirlpool | tempus = 2007-12-27 | domus editoria = astronomy.com | url = http://www.astronomy.com/news/2007/12/star-sheds-via-reverse-whirlpool | tempus inspectionis = 2015-05-26 }}.</ref> {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Stella post ramum asymptoticum gigantium evoluta|stellas post ramum asymptoticum gigantium evolutas|en|qid=Q66619774}}, [[nebula planetaria|nebulas planetarias]], atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|nebula bipolaris|nebulas bipolares|en|qid=Q2722426}} comitare potest. == Iactus relativistici == Iactūs relativistici materiem ionizatam usque ad celeritatem luci proximam accelerant. In observationibus, plerique cum foraminibus nigris centralibus quasarum, galaxiarum activorum, vel galaxiarum radioelectricorum, atque item cum foraminibus nigris stellaribus, stellis neutronicis vel pulsaribus intra galaxias sociantur. Longitudines trabium variare possunt inter plura milia,<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Biretta | nomen = J. | titulus = Hubble Detects Faster-Than-Light Motion in Galaxy M87 | tempus = 1999-01-06 | url = http://www.stsci.edu/ftp/science/m87/m87.html }}.</ref> centena milia,<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Evidence for Ultra-Energetic Particles in Jet from Black Hole | tempus = 2006-06-20 | domus editoria = Yale University – Office of Public Affairs | url = http://news.yale.edu/2006/06/20/evidence-ultra-energetic-particles-jet-black-hole | retrospectio = 20080513034113 }}.</ref> vel etiam milliones parsec.<ref name="Kundt" /> Materies, dum sua celeritas illi lucis appropinquat, effectūs notabiles theoriae relativitatis specialis exhibet, exempli gratia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effulgentia relativistica|effulgentiam relativisticam|en|qid=Q1705752}}, quae luminositatem apparentem iactuum transmutat.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Semenov | nomen 1 = V. | cognomen 2 = Dyadechkin | nomen 2 = S. | cognomen 3 = Punsly | nomen 3 = B. | titulus = Simulations of Jets Driven by Black Hole Rotation | contextus = Science | volumen = 305 | fasciculus = 5686 | annus = 2004 | paginae = 978–980 | url = https://cds.cern.ch/record/789685 | bibcode = 2004Sci...305..978S | doi = 10.1126/science.1100638 | s2cid = 1590734 | pmid = 15310894 | arxiv = astro-ph/0408371 }}.</ref> Foramina nigra supermassiva in mediis galaxiis iactūs potentissimos emittunt, nihilominus eis sunt structura et habitus illis similes qui ad minores stellas neutronicas foraminaque nigra stellaria pertinent. Haec systemata minora saepe {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|microquasar|microquasaria|en|qid=Q2140232}} appellantur et amplam varietatem celeritatum exhibent. Exempli gratia, iactui systematis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|SS 433||en|qid=Q1029902}} est celeritas media {{cent|26|gen}} illius lucis.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctricis 1 = Blundell | nomen auctricis 1 = Katherine | titulus = Jet Velocity in SS 433: Its Anticorrelation with Precession-Cone Angle and Dependence on Orbital Phase | contextus = The Astrophysical Journal | volumen = 622 | fasciculus = 2 | annus = 2008 | mensis = 12 | pagina = 129 | url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230936232 | tempus inspectionis = 2021-01-15 | doi = 10.1086/429663 | accessus ad doi = liberus | arxiv = astro-ph/0410457 }}.</ref> Natūs iactuum relativisticorum etiam eruptiones radiorum gamma observatas explicare possunt, quibus sunt trabes relativisticissimae, saepe “{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Limes ultrarelativisticus|ultrarelativisticae|en|qid=Q7880617}}” appellatae.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Dereli-Bégué | nomen 1 = Hüsne | cognomen 2 = Pe’er | nomen 2 = Asaf | cognomen 3 = Ryde | nomen 3 = Felix | cognomen 4 = Oates | nomen 4 = Samantha R. | cognomen 5 = Zhang | nomen 5 = Bing | cognomen 6 = Dainotti | nomen 6 = Maria G. | titulus = A wind environment and Lorentz factors of tens explain gamma-ray bursts X-ray plateau | contextus = Nature Communications | volumen = 13 | fasciculus = 1 | tempus = 2022-09-24 | lingua = en | paginae = 5611 | bibcode = 2022NatCo..13.5611D | doi = 10.1038/s41467-022-32881-1 | pmid = 36153328 | issn = 2041-1723 | pmc = 9509382 | arxiv = 2207.11066 }}.</ref> Rationes quae internam compositionem iactuum statuunt manent incertae.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Georganopoulos | nomen 1 = M. | cognomen 2 = Kazanas | nomen 2 = D. | cognomen 3 = Perlman | nomen 3 = E. | cognomen 4 = Stecker | nomen 4 = F. W. | titulus = Bulk Comptonization of the Cosmic Microwave Background by Extragalactic Jets as a Probe of Their Matter Content | contextus = The Astrophysical Journal | volumen = 625 | fasciculus = 2 | annus = 2005 | paginae = 656–666 | bibcode = 2005ApJ...625..656G | doi = 10.1086/429558 | s2cid = 39743397 | arxiv = astro-ph/0502201 }}.</ref> Aliae investigationes theoriis favent in quibus iactūs describuntur mixtura omnino neutra [[nucleus atomi|nucleorum]], [[electron]]um, et [[positron]]um; aliae autem putant iactūs e plasmate positronum electronumque componi.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Hirotani | nomen 1 = K. | cognomen 2 = Iguchi | nomen 2 = S. | cognomen 3 = Kimura | nomen 3 = M. | cognomen 4 = Wajima | nomen 4 = K. | titulus = Pair Plasma Dominance in the Parsec-Scale Relativistic Jet of 3C 345 | contextus = The Astrophysical Journal | volumen = 545 | fasciculus = 1 | annus = 2000 | paginae = 100–106 | bibcode = 2000ApJ...545..100H | doi = 10.1086/317769 | s2cid = 17274015 | arxiv = astro-ph/0005394 }}.</ref><ref name="brandeis.edu">[http://pc.astro.brandeis.edu/pdfs/elec-pos.pdf Electron–positron Jets Associated with Quasar 3C 279]</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Naeye | nomen 1 = R. | cognomen 2 = Gutro | nomen 2 = R. | titulus = Vast Cloud of Antimatter Traced to Binary Stars | tempus = 2008-01-09 | domus editoria = [[NASA]] | url = http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2007/antimatter_binary.html }}.</ref> Nuclei in iactibus positronicis–electronicis rapti exspectantur altissimas energias habere, quum eis, etiamsi gravioribus, velocitas positronibus electronibusque congruens attingenda sit. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Foramen nigrum]] * [[Galaxias]] * [[Pulsar]] * [[Punctulum rubrum (galaxiarum genus)]] * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Stella neutronica]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Astrophysical jets|Iactūs}} [[Categoria:Astrophysica]] [[Categoria:Foramina nigra]] 5xc9rcghi9h5kexf2voeryglsegmyk3 Iactus 0 316988 3965166 3895473 2026-06-16T03:51:44Z Grufo 64423 ~ 3965166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva}} {{res|Iactus}} significare postest: # '''[[Iactus (astrophysica)]]''': Phaenomenon [[astrophysica|astrophysicum]] quo [[materies]] [[ion]]izata in duas immensas trabes secundum axem rotationis cuiusdam corporis centralis ordinatas effunditur # '''[[Iactus (fluidum)]]''': Rivus [[fluidum|fluidi]], saepe ex aliquo orificio oriens, per aliud fluidum proiectus # '''[[Iactus (Francia)]]''': Commune [[Francia|Francogallicum]] tk7avbzaupjo7s4sew4k1d1gdgcquxq Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/doc 10 320929 3965130 3963221 2026-06-15T23:20:06Z Grufo 64423 /* De usu */ +Syntaxis 3965130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Substitutio quae suam transclusionem protrahit | 1 = ... | formula = pcc | seu 1 = pcc | seu 2 = pagina creanda creatave | seu 3 = pagina creanda | seu 4 = nexus intervicialis | seu 5 = niv }} {{Formula transitoria}} {{Compendia substitutionis|pcc|niv|pagina creanda}} {{Lua|Modulus:Params|Modulus:Vicidata}} In Vicipaedia, omnes nexus rubri in pagina speciali [[Specialis:Paginae desideratae|paginarum desideratarum]] numerantur, attamen quomodo tales paginae ad paginas aliis linguis annectantur ignorabitur; haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] intercedit ut nexus interviciales de paginis absentibus indicentur. {{Nota bene}} Non tibi licet substitutionem {{fsn|pcc}} in notis <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref>...</ref></syntaxhighlight> inserere; ut hoc facias, utere substitutione {{fsn|cref}}. == De usu == ; Syntaxis 1 : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:'''nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve'''&#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&#124;''&#91;verba ostenta&#93;''&#124;tessera linguae=''pagina barbara''&#124;''&#91;...&#93;''&#125;&#125;</code> : vel : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:'''pcc'''&#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&#124;''&#91;verba ostenta&#93;''&#124;tessera linguae=''pagina barbara''&#124;''&#91;...&#93;''&#125;&#125;</code> ; Syntaxis 2 : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:'''nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve'''&#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&#124;''&#91;verba ostenta&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae 1&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae 2&#93;''&#124;''&#91;...&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae N&#93;''&#124;qid=''entitas Vicidatorum''&#125;&#125;</code> : vel : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:'''pcc'''&#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&#124;''&#91;verba ostenta&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae 1&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae 2&#93;''&#124;''&#91;...&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae N&#93;''&#124;qid=''entitas Vicidatorum''&#125;&#125;</code> Si pagina nondum exsistit: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES|en=LARES (satellite)}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES||en|d=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * Si nomen Latinum paginae est idem ac nomen '''omnibus''' aliis linguis '''a te praebitis''', nomen Latinum sufficet: ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en}}</syntaxhighlight> **: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en|propositum=exhibitio}} **:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en|qid=Q1797842}}</syntaxhighlight> ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LAGEOS||en}}</syntaxhighlight> **: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|propositum=exhibitio}} **:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|qid=Q1797842}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Si pagina iam exsitit: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Spatii temporisque tractio|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatii temporisque tractio|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio]]</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione]]</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|abcd efgh ijkl|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|abcd efgh ijkl|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione]]</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|abcd efgh ijkl|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|abcd efgh ijkl|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|abcd efgh ijkl]]</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Quum iam est pagina Latina quae ad Vicidata nectit sed titulus Latinus praebitus differt, pagina intervicialis praevalebit: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Marcus Tullius Cicero]]</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Cicero]]</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Quum titulus Latinus iam exsistit sed nexus ad Vicidata praebitum abest aut aliud indicat, [[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda|signum quoddam]] ostendetur atque pagina in [[:Categoria:Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis]] numerabitur: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=LARES (satellite)}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Argumenta {{para|d}} et {{para|qid}} in hoc tantum differunt, quod argumentum {{para|d}} in pagina ostendetur: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370}}}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Si e paginis intervicialibus praebitis nullum argumentum {{para|qid}} deduci potest, pagina nectens in [[:Categoria:Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur]] numerabitur. {{Ast}} Si nulla alia pagina intervicialis nectitur, monitus “nexus intervicialis desideratur” ostenditur et pagina in [[:Categoria:Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent]] numeratur: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES}}</syntaxhighlight> Hoc perutile est quotienscumque nexus rubrus obscurus invenitur. == De vetere formula {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} vertenda == Si pagina formulam {{fn|creanda}} iam adhibet et ad hanc substitutionem convertenda est, substitue formulam {{Fsn|creanda}} in eius locum. Exempli gratia: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Creanda|en|Skater|d|Q1259045|Pattinator|pattinatricem}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|en|Skater|d|Q1259045|Pattinator|pattinatricem}}</syntaxhighlight> Si omnia manu vertere vis, tantummodo substitue partes vicitextūs his exemplis acclaratas: * <code>&#123;&#123;<mark>creanda</mark>&#124;en<mark>&#124;</mark>Giant Magellan Telescope&#124;Ingens Telescopium Magellanicum&#125;&#125;</code> *: ↳ <code>&#123;&#123;<mark>subst:pcc</mark>&#124;en<mark>=</mark>Giant Magellan Telescope&#124;Ingens Telescopium Magellanicum&#125;&#125;</code> * <code>&#123;&#123;<mark>creanda</mark>&#124;en<mark>&#124;</mark>Direction (geometry)&#124;d<mark>&#124;</mark>Q2151613&#124;directio&#124;directionem&#125;&#125;</code> *: ↳ <code>&#123;&#123;<mark>subst:pcc</mark>&#124;en<mark>&#61;</mark>Direction (geometry)&#124;d<mark>&#61;</mark>Q2151613&#124;directio&#124;directionem&#125;&#125;</code> === Expressiones regulares ad veterem formulam vertendam === {{Folium flexibile | exordium = collapsum | praeambulum = Ad versionem veteris formulae accelerandam, nonnullae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|expressio regularis|expressiones regulares|en|qid=Q185612}} adhiberi possunt. | corpus = ; Expressio regularis (formulā {{fn|Creanda}} dumtaxat cum lingua una): : <code>\&#123;\&#123;\s*Creanda\s*(\&#124;[^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)(\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+))?\&#125;\&#125;</code> ; Substitutio (dumtaxat cum lingua una): : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:pcc\1&#61;\2&#124;\3\4&#125;&#125;</code> ; Expressio regularis (dumtaxat cum linguis duabus): : <code>\&#123;\&#123;\s*Creanda\s*(\&#124;[^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)(\&#124;[^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)(\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+))?\&#125;\&#125;</code> ; Substitutio (dumtaxat cum linguis duabus): : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:pcc\1&#61;\2\3&#61;\4&#124;\5\6&#125;&#125;</code> }} == Subformulae machinariae == * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/bivium}}&#125;&#125; * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/legatio}}&#125;&#125; * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda}}&#125;&#125; * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus}}&#125;&#125; == Synonyma == * {{Fsn|pagina creanda creatave}} * {{Fsn|pagina creanda}} * {{Fsn|nexus intervicialis}} * {{Fsn|niv}} * {{Fsn|pcc}} == Ulteriora si cupis == {{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae | Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant | Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis | Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur | Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent }} * {{Fsn|Annotatio cum paginis creandis}} * {{Fn|Nexus obscurus}} * {{Fn|Convertimus}} * {{Fn|Nexus ad recensendum}} * {{Fn|Creetur}} * {{Fn|Creetur caput}} * {{Fn|Nexus ad recensendum}} * {{Fn|Creanda}} – formula obsoleta ** {{Nexus cum parametris | 1 = Specialis:Quaerere | 2 = Paginae quae formulam &#123;&#123;Creanda&#125;&#125; adhuc adhibent | sort = last_edit_desc | search = insource:/\{\{\s*creanda\s*\{{!}}/i | profile = advanced | fulltext = 1 | limit = 500 | ns0 = 1 | ns1 = 1 | ns2 = 1 | ns3 = 1 | ns4 = 1 | ns5 = 1 | ns6 = 1 | ns7 = 1 | ns8 = 1 | ns9 = 1 | ns10 = 1 | ns11 = 1 | ns12 = 1 | ns13 = 1 | ns14 = 1 | ns15 = 1 | ns100 = 1 | ns101 = 1 | ns828 = 1 | ns829 = 1 }} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae scholiasticae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae interviciales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae Vicidatorum|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 698g67ee6o6cn9cjno0xv02a1ykmw56 3965131 3965130 2026-06-15T23:20:36Z Grufo 64423 /* De usu */ 3965131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Substitutio quae suam transclusionem protrahit | 1 = ... | formula = pcc | seu 1 = pcc | seu 2 = pagina creanda creatave | seu 3 = pagina creanda | seu 4 = nexus intervicialis | seu 5 = niv }} {{Formula transitoria}} {{Compendia substitutionis|pcc|niv|pagina creanda}} {{Lua|Modulus:Params|Modulus:Vicidata}} In Vicipaedia, omnes nexus rubri in pagina speciali [[Specialis:Paginae desideratae|paginarum desideratarum]] numerantur, attamen quomodo tales paginae ad paginas aliis linguis annectantur ignorabitur; haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] intercedit ut nexus interviciales de paginis absentibus indicentur. {{Nota bene}} Non tibi licet substitutionem {{fsn|pcc}} in notis <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref>...</ref></syntaxhighlight> inserere; ut hoc facias, utere substitutione {{fsn|cref}}. == De usu == ; Syntaxis 1 : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:'''nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve'''&#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&#124;''&#91;verba ostenta&#93;''&#124;tessera linguae=''pagina barbara''&#124;''&#91;...&#93;''&#125;&#125;</code> : vel : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:'''pcc'''&#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&#124;''&#91;verba ostenta&#93;''&#124;tessera linguae=''pagina barbara''&#124;''&#91;...&#93;''&#125;&#125;</code> ; Syntaxis 2 : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:'''nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve'''&#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&#124;''&#91;verba ostenta&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae 1&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae 2&#93;''&#124;''&#91;...&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae N&#93;''&#124;qid=''entitas Vicidatorum''&#125;&#125;</code> : vel : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:'''pcc'''&#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&#124;''&#91;verba ostenta&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae 1&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae 2&#93;''&#124;''&#91;...&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae N&#93;''&#124;qid=''entitas Vicidatorum''&#125;&#125;</code> {{vsep}} Si pagina nondum exsistit: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES|en=LARES (satellite)}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES||en|d=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * Si nomen Latinum paginae est idem ac nomen '''omnibus''' aliis linguis '''a te praebitis''', nomen Latinum sufficet: ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en}}</syntaxhighlight> **: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en|propositum=exhibitio}} **:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en|qid=Q1797842}}</syntaxhighlight> ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LAGEOS||en}}</syntaxhighlight> **: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|propositum=exhibitio}} **:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|qid=Q1797842}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Si pagina iam exsitit: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Spatii temporisque tractio|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatii temporisque tractio|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio]]</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione]]</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|abcd efgh ijkl|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|abcd efgh ijkl|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione]]</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|abcd efgh ijkl|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|abcd efgh ijkl|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|abcd efgh ijkl]]</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Quum iam est pagina Latina quae ad Vicidata nectit sed titulus Latinus praebitus differt, pagina intervicialis praevalebit: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Marcus Tullius Cicero]]</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Cicero]]</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Quum titulus Latinus iam exsistit sed nexus ad Vicidata praebitum abest aut aliud indicat, [[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda|signum quoddam]] ostendetur atque pagina in [[:Categoria:Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis]] numerabitur: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=LARES (satellite)}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Argumenta {{para|d}} et {{para|qid}} in hoc tantum differunt, quod argumentum {{para|d}} in pagina ostendetur: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370}}}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Si e paginis intervicialibus praebitis nullum argumentum {{para|qid}} deduci potest, pagina nectens in [[:Categoria:Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur]] numerabitur. {{Ast}} Si nulla alia pagina intervicialis nectitur, monitus “nexus intervicialis desideratur” ostenditur et pagina in [[:Categoria:Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent]] numeratur: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES}}</syntaxhighlight> Hoc perutile est quotienscumque nexus rubrus obscurus invenitur. == De vetere formula {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} vertenda == Si pagina formulam {{fn|creanda}} iam adhibet et ad hanc substitutionem convertenda est, substitue formulam {{Fsn|creanda}} in eius locum. Exempli gratia: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Creanda|en|Skater|d|Q1259045|Pattinator|pattinatricem}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|en|Skater|d|Q1259045|Pattinator|pattinatricem}}</syntaxhighlight> Si omnia manu vertere vis, tantummodo substitue partes vicitextūs his exemplis acclaratas: * <code>&#123;&#123;<mark>creanda</mark>&#124;en<mark>&#124;</mark>Giant Magellan Telescope&#124;Ingens Telescopium Magellanicum&#125;&#125;</code> *: ↳ <code>&#123;&#123;<mark>subst:pcc</mark>&#124;en<mark>=</mark>Giant Magellan Telescope&#124;Ingens Telescopium Magellanicum&#125;&#125;</code> * <code>&#123;&#123;<mark>creanda</mark>&#124;en<mark>&#124;</mark>Direction (geometry)&#124;d<mark>&#124;</mark>Q2151613&#124;directio&#124;directionem&#125;&#125;</code> *: ↳ <code>&#123;&#123;<mark>subst:pcc</mark>&#124;en<mark>&#61;</mark>Direction (geometry)&#124;d<mark>&#61;</mark>Q2151613&#124;directio&#124;directionem&#125;&#125;</code> === Expressiones regulares ad veterem formulam vertendam === {{Folium flexibile | exordium = collapsum | praeambulum = Ad versionem veteris formulae accelerandam, nonnullae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|expressio regularis|expressiones regulares|en|qid=Q185612}} adhiberi possunt. | corpus = ; Expressio regularis (formulā {{fn|Creanda}} dumtaxat cum lingua una): : <code>\&#123;\&#123;\s*Creanda\s*(\&#124;[^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)(\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+))?\&#125;\&#125;</code> ; Substitutio (dumtaxat cum lingua una): : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:pcc\1&#61;\2&#124;\3\4&#125;&#125;</code> ; Expressio regularis (dumtaxat cum linguis duabus): : <code>\&#123;\&#123;\s*Creanda\s*(\&#124;[^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)(\&#124;[^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)(\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+))?\&#125;\&#125;</code> ; Substitutio (dumtaxat cum linguis duabus): : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:pcc\1&#61;\2\3&#61;\4&#124;\5\6&#125;&#125;</code> }} == Subformulae machinariae == * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/bivium}}&#125;&#125; * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/legatio}}&#125;&#125; * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda}}&#125;&#125; * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus}}&#125;&#125; == Synonyma == * {{Fsn|pagina creanda creatave}} * {{Fsn|pagina creanda}} * {{Fsn|nexus intervicialis}} * {{Fsn|niv}} * {{Fsn|pcc}} == Ulteriora si cupis == {{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae | Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant | Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis | Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur | Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent }} * {{Fsn|Annotatio cum paginis creandis}} * {{Fn|Nexus obscurus}} * {{Fn|Convertimus}} * {{Fn|Nexus ad recensendum}} * {{Fn|Creetur}} * {{Fn|Creetur caput}} * {{Fn|Nexus ad recensendum}} * {{Fn|Creanda}} – formula obsoleta ** {{Nexus cum parametris | 1 = Specialis:Quaerere | 2 = Paginae quae formulam &#123;&#123;Creanda&#125;&#125; adhuc adhibent | sort = last_edit_desc | search = insource:/\{\{\s*creanda\s*\{{!}}/i | profile = advanced | fulltext = 1 | limit = 500 | ns0 = 1 | ns1 = 1 | ns2 = 1 | ns3 = 1 | ns4 = 1 | ns5 = 1 | ns6 = 1 | ns7 = 1 | ns8 = 1 | ns9 = 1 | ns10 = 1 | ns11 = 1 | ns12 = 1 | ns13 = 1 | ns14 = 1 | ns15 = 1 | ns100 = 1 | ns101 = 1 | ns828 = 1 | ns829 = 1 }} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae scholiasticae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae interviciales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae Vicidatorum|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> o8l1qwof1h1v9ls15va41dp39qhjq82 3965132 3965131 2026-06-15T23:20:56Z Grufo 64423 /* Exempla */ 3965132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Substitutio quae suam transclusionem protrahit | 1 = ... | formula = pcc | seu 1 = pcc | seu 2 = pagina creanda creatave | seu 3 = pagina creanda | seu 4 = nexus intervicialis | seu 5 = niv }} {{Formula transitoria}} {{Compendia substitutionis|pcc|niv|pagina creanda}} {{Lua|Modulus:Params|Modulus:Vicidata}} In Vicipaedia, omnes nexus rubri in pagina speciali [[Specialis:Paginae desideratae|paginarum desideratarum]] numerantur, attamen quomodo tales paginae ad paginas aliis linguis annectantur ignorabitur; haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] intercedit ut nexus interviciales de paginis absentibus indicentur. {{Nota bene}} Non tibi licet substitutionem {{fsn|pcc}} in notis <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline><ref>...</ref></syntaxhighlight> inserere; ut hoc facias, utere substitutione {{fsn|cref}}. == De usu == ; Syntaxis 1 : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:'''nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve'''&#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&#124;''&#91;verba ostenta&#93;''&#124;tessera linguae=''pagina barbara''&#124;''&#91;...&#93;''&#125;&#125;</code> : vel : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:'''pcc'''&#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&#124;''&#91;verba ostenta&#93;''&#124;tessera linguae=''pagina barbara''&#124;''&#91;...&#93;''&#125;&#125;</code> ; Syntaxis 2 : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:'''nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve'''&#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&#124;''&#91;verba ostenta&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae 1&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae 2&#93;''&#124;''&#91;...&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae N&#93;''&#124;qid=''entitas Vicidatorum''&#125;&#125;</code> : vel : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:'''pcc'''&#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&#124;''&#91;verba ostenta&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae 1&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae 2&#93;''&#124;''&#91;...&#93;''&#124;''&#91;tessera linguae N&#93;''&#124;qid=''entitas Vicidatorum''&#125;&#125;</code> === Exempla === Si pagina nondum exsistit: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES|en=LARES (satellite)}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES||en|d=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * Si nomen Latinum paginae est idem ac nomen '''omnibus''' aliis linguis '''a te praebitis''', nomen Latinum sufficet: ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en}}</syntaxhighlight> **: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en|propositum=exhibitio}} **:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en|qid=Q1797842}}</syntaxhighlight> ** <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LAGEOS||en}}</syntaxhighlight> **: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|propositum=exhibitio}} **:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|qid=Q1797842}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Si pagina iam exsitit: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Spatii temporisque tractio|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatii temporisque tractio|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio]]</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione]]</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|abcd efgh ijkl|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|abcd efgh ijkl|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione]]</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|abcd efgh ijkl|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|abcd efgh ijkl|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|abcd efgh ijkl]]</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Quum iam est pagina Latina quae ad Vicidata nectit sed titulus Latinus praebitus differt, pagina intervicialis praevalebit: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Marcus Tullius Cicero]]</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=Frame-dragging}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Cicero]]</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Quum titulus Latinus iam exsistit sed nexus ad Vicidata praebitum abest aut aliud indicat, [[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda|signum quoddam]] ostendetur atque pagina in [[:Categoria:Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis]] numerabitur: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=LARES (satellite)}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Argumenta {{para|d}} et {{para|qid}} in hoc tantum differunt, quod argumentum {{para|d}} in pagina ostendetur: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370}}}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}</syntaxhighlight> {{Ast}} Si e paginis intervicialibus praebitis nullum argumentum {{para|qid}} deduci potest, pagina nectens in [[:Categoria:Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur]] numerabitur. {{Ast}} Si nulla alia pagina intervicialis nectitur, monitus “nexus intervicialis desideratur” ostenditur et pagina in [[:Categoria:Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent]] numeratur: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|propositum=exhibitio}} *:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES}}</syntaxhighlight> Hoc perutile est quotienscumque nexus rubrus obscurus invenitur. == De vetere formula {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} vertenda == Si pagina formulam {{fn|creanda}} iam adhibet et ad hanc substitutionem convertenda est, substitue formulam {{Fsn|creanda}} in eius locum. Exempli gratia: * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio}}</syntaxhighlight> * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Creanda|en|Skater|d|Q1259045|Pattinator|pattinatricem}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:creanda|en|Skater|d|Q1259045|Pattinator|pattinatricem}}</syntaxhighlight> Si omnia manu vertere vis, tantummodo substitue partes vicitextūs his exemplis acclaratas: * <code>&#123;&#123;<mark>creanda</mark>&#124;en<mark>&#124;</mark>Giant Magellan Telescope&#124;Ingens Telescopium Magellanicum&#125;&#125;</code> *: ↳ <code>&#123;&#123;<mark>subst:pcc</mark>&#124;en<mark>=</mark>Giant Magellan Telescope&#124;Ingens Telescopium Magellanicum&#125;&#125;</code> * <code>&#123;&#123;<mark>creanda</mark>&#124;en<mark>&#124;</mark>Direction (geometry)&#124;d<mark>&#124;</mark>Q2151613&#124;directio&#124;directionem&#125;&#125;</code> *: ↳ <code>&#123;&#123;<mark>subst:pcc</mark>&#124;en<mark>&#61;</mark>Direction (geometry)&#124;d<mark>&#61;</mark>Q2151613&#124;directio&#124;directionem&#125;&#125;</code> === Expressiones regulares ad veterem formulam vertendam === {{Folium flexibile | exordium = collapsum | praeambulum = Ad versionem veteris formulae accelerandam, nonnullae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|expressio regularis|expressiones regulares|en|qid=Q185612}} adhiberi possunt. | corpus = ; Expressio regularis (formulā {{fn|Creanda}} dumtaxat cum lingua una): : <code>\&#123;\&#123;\s*Creanda\s*(\&#124;[^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)(\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+))?\&#125;\&#125;</code> ; Substitutio (dumtaxat cum lingua una): : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:pcc\1&#61;\2&#124;\3\4&#125;&#125;</code> ; Expressio regularis (dumtaxat cum linguis duabus): : <code>\&#123;\&#123;\s*Creanda\s*(\&#124;[^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)(\&#124;[^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+)(\&#124;([^\&#124;\&#125;]+))?\&#125;\&#125;</code> ; Substitutio (dumtaxat cum linguis duabus): : <code>&#123;&#123;subst:pcc\1&#61;\2\3&#61;\4&#124;\5\6&#125;&#125;</code> }} == Subformulae machinariae == * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/bivium}}&#125;&#125; * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/legatio}}&#125;&#125; * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda}}&#125;&#125; * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus}}&#125;&#125; == Synonyma == * {{Fsn|pagina creanda creatave}} * {{Fsn|pagina creanda}} * {{Fsn|nexus intervicialis}} * {{Fsn|niv}} * {{Fsn|pcc}} == Ulteriora si cupis == {{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae | Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant | Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis | Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur | Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent }} * {{Fsn|Annotatio cum paginis creandis}} * {{Fn|Nexus obscurus}} * {{Fn|Convertimus}} * {{Fn|Nexus ad recensendum}} * {{Fn|Creetur}} * {{Fn|Creetur caput}} * {{Fn|Nexus ad recensendum}} * {{Fn|Creanda}} – formula obsoleta ** {{Nexus cum parametris | 1 = Specialis:Quaerere | 2 = Paginae quae formulam &#123;&#123;Creanda&#125;&#125; adhuc adhibent | sort = last_edit_desc | search = insource:/\{\{\s*creanda\s*\{{!}}/i | profile = advanced | fulltext = 1 | limit = 500 | ns0 = 1 | ns1 = 1 | ns2 = 1 | ns3 = 1 | ns4 = 1 | ns5 = 1 | ns6 = 1 | ns7 = 1 | ns8 = 1 | ns9 = 1 | ns10 = 1 | ns11 = 1 | ns12 = 1 | ns13 = 1 | ns14 = 1 | ns15 = 1 | ns100 = 1 | ns101 = 1 | ns828 = 1 | ns829 = 1 }} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae scholiasticae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae interviciales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae Vicidatorum|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> tpow696fq493bczum5ksayprfygbioz Formula:Recensio vacua necessaria/doc 10 321268 3965142 3951251 2026-06-16T01:46:02Z Grufo 64423 Nexus internos addidi 3965142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Metaformula tantum}} {{Formula transitoria}} {{Videatur etiam|Formula:Recensio vacua exspectatur}} Formulae [[:Categoria:Substitutiones quae suas transclusiones protrahunt|quae suas substitutiones protrahunt]] hac metaformula uti possunt ad usores monendos ut pagina recensionem vacuam requirit. Paginae quae hanc capsam ostendunt in [[:Categoria:Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant]] numerantur. == De usu == '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Recensio vacua necessaria}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Recensio vacua necessaria|propositum=exhibitio}} == Ulteriora si cupis == {{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant}} * [[:Categoria:Substitutiones quae suas transclusiones protrahunt]] * {{Fn|Recensio vacua exspectatur}} * {{Fn|Vicitextus mutabilis}} * {{Fn|Icon de recensione vacua}} * {{Fn|Caduca deinde perennia}} * {{Fn|Collaboratio gratulans}} * {{Fn|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae de rebus corrigendis|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 6jvfrh9qncl5s3lz01r42e9ikht6fs4 Vicipaedia:Taberna 4 322071 3965160 3964310 2026-06-16T03:14:52Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* "Karyotica" vel "Caryotica"? */ nova pars 3965160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [...] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [...]|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse nostis [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki?uselang=qqx hunc nexum] per quem tandem inveni. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:37, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo melius invenire titula proposita pro articulo nondum existente? == Volui creare articulum pro "poset" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474715). Scio, quod est formula "subst:pcc" alicubi in hac Vicipaedia per quam statuitur titulum huius articuli. Sed nescio, et "bzgrep" iterum inutilis est. Estne methodus inventionis talium "titulorum articulorum nondum existentium"? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:47, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Formula {{fsn|pcc}} nescit quod nomen Latinum novae paginae (“nexui rubro”) assignandum sit, istud erit tibi eligendum. Ad formulam adhibendam tibi sufficiet titulum Latinum et linguā aliā scribere. E.g.: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|en=Partially ordered set|Aggregatio partim ordinata}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Aut, si vis, potes autem tesseram Vicidatorum praebere: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Non exstat ullus index paginarum creandarum. Nomina inveniuntur simul ac paginae creantur. Attamen, si quis paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinat'''issima'''” postea creet at ad [[:d:Q474715]] eam nectat, pagina ubi nexus ruber “Aggregatio partim ordinata” ostendebatur nunc ad paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinatissima” nectetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:13, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo citare librum, quod numerum librarium uniformem inter gentes caret? == [[Cancellum (mathematica)|Hac pagina]] conor citare librum quoddam, sed caret ISBN/NLUIG. Habet tamen numerum Catalogii Librarii Congressus (LCCN), sed nescio quomodo hanc numerum affigere rei citatae. Multas habeo gratias pro auxilio vestro! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:09, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) == Num verbum natio Anglico verbo “nation” respondet? == Salvete omnes! Hic scribo nec in [[Disputatio:Natio|pagina disputationis]] quod hoc verbum in multis commentariis est. Secundum [https://archive.org/details/practicalint00arno/page/41/mode/1up librum Arnoldi] “Natio is rarely used of a civilised and organised nation ; it means a people, or tribe, sprung from one race, of the same blood (nascor).” Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary Latin-English English-Latin” natio significat “a tribe, race, people, esp. uncivilized”, et verbum Anglicum nation significat “populus, gens (=people, stock), civitas (=body of citizens), respublica (=state), natio (=tribe, not highly civilized)”. Liber Arnoldi quoque monet ut iis vocabulis Latinis utamur. Commentarius [[Natio|natio]] illud Ciceronis habet: “Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt, nostra cīvitās nōn potest; …” in quo orator optimus populum Romanum a nationibus distinguet. Quid vobis videtur de hac re? Valete! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 20:58, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Haec "natio" a primis temporibus Vicipaediae originem obscuram ducit, mihi non placet, sed permulta corrigenda sunt, si eam mutare volumus. Civitas (de civibus), civitas sui iuris? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:09, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :: Aut etiam possibile est dicere, etiam secundum linguas recentiores, ipsam notionem “nationis” quodammodo “civitati” adversari. Id est, sunt qui putent, etiam linguis hodiernis, “nationem” (Anglice ''nation'', Italice ''nazione'', et cetera) semper aliquid minus civile quam “civitatem” (Anglice ''state'', Italice ''Stato'', et cetera), immo vero tribale, significare. Cum hoc tamen concordo, paginam illam nimis veterem esse atque redintegrandam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::Melius est quaedam omittere quam nihil corrigere. Video nos habere commentarios qui vocantur [[Civitas]] (Ang. [[w:en:State (polity)]]), [[Gens]] (Ang. [[w:en:Gens]], nescio cur hic commentarius Latine non sit solis de gentibus Romanis), [[Populus]] (Ang. [[w:en:People]]), [[Res publica]] (Ang. [[w:en:Republic]]), et [[Tribus (anthropologia)]] ([[w:en:Tribe]]). Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary”, tribus significat”originally a third part if the Roman people. Hence a tribe, a division of the Roman people …”. Hoc dictionarium monet ut verbo “natio” vel verbo “gens” utamur si scribere “tribe” velimus nec de tribubus Romanis scribamus. Vero non possum novum nomen commentarii [[Natio]] commendare quod nescio cur vikipedia tot commentarios habeat. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) ::::Pagina non est delenda, si hoc consulis. "Natio" [http://lexica.linguax.com/forc2.php?searchedLG=natio verbum est Latinum], cur id ne explicemus. Si nexum intervicialem ad paginam Anglicam male congruere putas, ita est, non perfectissime congruit. Sed cum de notionibus abstractis agitur, nexus interviciales saepius tales sunt. Hoc malum in Vicipaediα inevitabile est et hoc non est malum, si res explicatur. Paginae ipsius loca quaedam corrigenda est, Ciceronis interpretatio mutanda, et, quod maxime interest, inter [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Natio|nexus ad eam]] hi multi corrigendi sunt, ubi "natio" in modum Anglicum civitatem sui iuris significat. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:22, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::Pagina scilicet delenda non est. Vidi paginas in Vikipedia Hebraica et Ucrainica ad paginam Anglicam bene congruere nec nostram paginam. Natio est verbum Latinum, cuius sensu Latino uti debemus, nec sensi Anglico. Delere nolo sed mutare et fortasse movere. Eo consilio hunc sermonem coepi ut sensibus Latinis verborum uteremur. Vero nescio cur Vikipedia Anglica tot paginas habeat et quid sit discrimen inter “nation” et “state”, propter quod non possum verbum meliorum commendare. Potestne pagina Anglica nostrae paginae [[Natio]] esse [[w:en:Tribe]]? Tribus quoque verbum Latinum est sed secundum dictionarium non idem significat et verbum Anglicum tribe. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:24, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::: ''Tribus'' est quaedam divisio populi, non tota natio ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=tribus]). Possum falli, sed secundum illam Ciceronis sententiam (“Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt …”) mihi videtur praecipua differentia inter ''civitatem'' et ''nationem'' hoc esse, quod ''civitas'' rem publicam civium significat, ''nationes'' autem alios populos tamquam gentes spectatos. Ita ''civitas'' erat Roma, ''nationes'' erant ceteri populi. P.S. {{*Cfr}} etiam “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio” (Cic.). Nam Graecis erat una natio sed plures civitates. Hoc usu vocabulum mihi videtur fere eodem sensu adhiberi ac in linguis hodiernis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:07, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::::Nexus interviciales perutiles sunt (ad minimum, lectores novos nobis dirigunt!) sed non nos regunt. Omnis lingua, sicut [[civitas sui iuris]], libera est. Debemus (1) verba Latina Latinitate classica definire (2) alia verba quibus significationes cognatae sunt (e.g. gens, tribus, civitas) distinguere, nexibus datis (3) significationes apud Latinistas recentiores explicare, si differunt (4) praeter alia, de re principali pellucide disserere. :::::::Cicero his verbis, ''omnes nationes servitutem fere possunt: nostra civitas non potest'' (Phil. 10.10.20) inter ''nationes'' et ''nostram civitatem'' quoquomodo distinguere videtur ... sed alibi ''omnes <u>exteras</u> nationes'' et ''eruditissimam Graecorum nationem'' indicat (Imp. Pomp. 11.31; De Or. 2.4.18) -- unde intellego, apud Ciceronem, plures ''nationes'' exstitisse tam sub imperio S.P.Q.R. quam extra limites. Ex his sententiis, si volumus, inter civitatem et nationem facile erit distinguere: sed inter ''populos'' et ''nationes'' ...? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:06, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Nolite oblivisci ''gentes''&thinsp;! Cassell's nobis dicit (p. 742) ''international law'' locutionem Anglicam nostra lingua esse ''ius gentium,'' ac Traupman (ed. 3, p. 575) nobis dicit ''international'' ipsum verbum Anglicum esse ''inter gentes.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:12, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Sententias vestras perlegi et commentarium inveni [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311975311_On_the_Roman_Concept_of_Natio “On the Roman Concept of Natio”] quem quoque legi, et iam intellego quanta difficilis sit haec res. In libro Arnoldi et in dictionario legi nationem esse “esp. uncivilized”, nec autores Romanos scripisisse Nationem Romanam. Putavi nationem esse tribe nec unquam civilised nation. Iam nesio a bonus sit hic nexus. Veritus sum ne homines dum Latine scribebant solis nexibus uterentur, nec deliberarent quid sit verbum optimum. De pagina nostra [[Respublica]] vos consulere quoque volo. Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary” “'''republic''' ''respublica'', ''civitas'' (= state, simply): a —, as opp. to other forms of government, ''respublica'' (or ''civitas''” ''libera'' or ''popularis''.” Respublica et civitas idem significare mihi videntur. Nonne melius est movere hanc paginam ut novem nomen sit Respublica popularis? Haec res non est solo de nexu sed quoque de ipsa pagina. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:38, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse, sed iam est commentarius de "People's republic" in vicipaedia Anglica. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:31, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::: De differentia inter ''gentem'' et ''nationem'' conferatur etiam {{LTL|natio|335}}: “A ''gente'' aliquando ita differt, ut genus a specie: ''gens'' enim latius patet, et plures nationes complectitur, ut ''gens'' Graeca habet Atticos, Boeotos, Thebanos, qui ejusdem gentis nationes sunt.” Saepissime tamen gens et natio sunt synonyma. @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: Graeci non erant “uncivilized”, attamen erant natio vel plures nationes. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:53, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Multae paginae in Vicipaedia connexae sunt; ''United Nations'' vertitur ut [[Nationes Unitae]], multis cum fontibus (duabus encyclicis aliisque). Hoc mutare nequimus, et pagina de [[natio]]ne nec huic sensui contradicere debet; haec causa, cur paginae Anglicae '"Nation" ceterisque de hac natione moderna narrantibus alliganda sit. Sed de pagina [[Nationes mundi]], exempli gratia, iam dubito, et "civitates mundi" nationibus praeferam, [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:50, 4 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Iam intellego. Huic sensu, quo utuntur encyclici, contradicere scilicet nequimus. Gratias omnibus vobis ago quia mihi hanc rem explanavistis. :::::::::::{{ping|Grufo}}, Quaesivi nec inveni ubi Cicero nationem Graecam scripserit. Testimonium encyclicorum mihi videtur bonum esse, scire tamen volo ubi orator optimus his verbis usus sit. :::::::::::Valete. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 21:14, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: {{Op|[[De oratore]]}}, {{Vf|De oratore/Liber II|18|2.4.18}}: “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:09, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:45, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::De commentario qui [[Nationes mundi]] (Anglice [[w:en:List of sovereign states|List of sovereign states]]) vocatur, nonne melius nomen est “''Index civitatum sui iuris''”? :::::::::::Vide commentarios: :::::::::::* [[Civitas sui iuris]] :::::::::::* [[Index communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae]] :::::::::::* [[Index urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] :::::::::::* [[Index fluviorum Germaniae]] :::::::::::* [[Index asteroidum]] :::::::::::* [[Index siglorum ordinum ecclesiae catholicae]] :::::::::::Hic commentarius est index. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 16:50, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::Sic, [[Index civitatum sui iuris]] bonum nomen est, multae paginae huius generis in Vicipaedia Latina "indices" nominantur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:47, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::Vobis consentio. Hanc paginam satis antiquam renominare oportet. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:39, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::::Utrum possumus paginam renominate an oportet [[Formula:Movenda]] utere? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:21, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::Formula ad disputandum in pagina disputationis ponitur, sed nunc hic erat disputaio, fornula non necessaria est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:55, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::: Paginam movi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:02, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) == "Karyotica" vel "Caryotica"? == In pagina de [[Cellula|cellulis]] ambae formae extant. Videtur mihi melius, si unicam noscamus formam. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 03:14, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) rmux1e5mlfdieb6tfqu9nzafzqor7dt 3965161 3965160 2026-06-16T03:15:28Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* "Karyotica" vel "Caryotica"? */ corrigitur titulum 3965161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [...] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [...]|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse nostis [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki?uselang=qqx hunc nexum] per quem tandem inveni. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:37, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo melius invenire titula proposita pro articulo nondum existente? == Volui creare articulum pro "poset" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474715). Scio, quod est formula "subst:pcc" alicubi in hac Vicipaedia per quam statuitur titulum huius articuli. Sed nescio, et "bzgrep" iterum inutilis est. Estne methodus inventionis talium "titulorum articulorum nondum existentium"? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:47, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Formula {{fsn|pcc}} nescit quod nomen Latinum novae paginae (“nexui rubro”) assignandum sit, istud erit tibi eligendum. Ad formulam adhibendam tibi sufficiet titulum Latinum et linguā aliā scribere. E.g.: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|en=Partially ordered set|Aggregatio partim ordinata}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Aut, si vis, potes autem tesseram Vicidatorum praebere: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Non exstat ullus index paginarum creandarum. Nomina inveniuntur simul ac paginae creantur. Attamen, si quis paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinat'''issima'''” postea creet at ad [[:d:Q474715]] eam nectat, pagina ubi nexus ruber “Aggregatio partim ordinata” ostendebatur nunc ad paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinatissima” nectetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:13, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo citare librum, quod numerum librarium uniformem inter gentes caret? == [[Cancellum (mathematica)|Hac pagina]] conor citare librum quoddam, sed caret ISBN/NLUIG. Habet tamen numerum Catalogii Librarii Congressus (LCCN), sed nescio quomodo hanc numerum affigere rei citatae. Multas habeo gratias pro auxilio vestro! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:09, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) == Num verbum natio Anglico verbo “nation” respondet? == Salvete omnes! Hic scribo nec in [[Disputatio:Natio|pagina disputationis]] quod hoc verbum in multis commentariis est. Secundum [https://archive.org/details/practicalint00arno/page/41/mode/1up librum Arnoldi] “Natio is rarely used of a civilised and organised nation ; it means a people, or tribe, sprung from one race, of the same blood (nascor).” Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary Latin-English English-Latin” natio significat “a tribe, race, people, esp. uncivilized”, et verbum Anglicum nation significat “populus, gens (=people, stock), civitas (=body of citizens), respublica (=state), natio (=tribe, not highly civilized)”. Liber Arnoldi quoque monet ut iis vocabulis Latinis utamur. Commentarius [[Natio|natio]] illud Ciceronis habet: “Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt, nostra cīvitās nōn potest; …” in quo orator optimus populum Romanum a nationibus distinguet. Quid vobis videtur de hac re? Valete! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 20:58, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Haec "natio" a primis temporibus Vicipaediae originem obscuram ducit, mihi non placet, sed permulta corrigenda sunt, si eam mutare volumus. Civitas (de civibus), civitas sui iuris? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:09, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :: Aut etiam possibile est dicere, etiam secundum linguas recentiores, ipsam notionem “nationis” quodammodo “civitati” adversari. Id est, sunt qui putent, etiam linguis hodiernis, “nationem” (Anglice ''nation'', Italice ''nazione'', et cetera) semper aliquid minus civile quam “civitatem” (Anglice ''state'', Italice ''Stato'', et cetera), immo vero tribale, significare. Cum hoc tamen concordo, paginam illam nimis veterem esse atque redintegrandam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::Melius est quaedam omittere quam nihil corrigere. Video nos habere commentarios qui vocantur [[Civitas]] (Ang. [[w:en:State (polity)]]), [[Gens]] (Ang. [[w:en:Gens]], nescio cur hic commentarius Latine non sit solis de gentibus Romanis), [[Populus]] (Ang. [[w:en:People]]), [[Res publica]] (Ang. [[w:en:Republic]]), et [[Tribus (anthropologia)]] ([[w:en:Tribe]]). Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary”, tribus significat”originally a third part if the Roman people. Hence a tribe, a division of the Roman people …”. Hoc dictionarium monet ut verbo “natio” vel verbo “gens” utamur si scribere “tribe” velimus nec de tribubus Romanis scribamus. Vero non possum novum nomen commentarii [[Natio]] commendare quod nescio cur vikipedia tot commentarios habeat. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) ::::Pagina non est delenda, si hoc consulis. "Natio" [http://lexica.linguax.com/forc2.php?searchedLG=natio verbum est Latinum], cur id ne explicemus. Si nexum intervicialem ad paginam Anglicam male congruere putas, ita est, non perfectissime congruit. Sed cum de notionibus abstractis agitur, nexus interviciales saepius tales sunt. Hoc malum in Vicipaediα inevitabile est et hoc non est malum, si res explicatur. Paginae ipsius loca quaedam corrigenda est, Ciceronis interpretatio mutanda, et, quod maxime interest, inter [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Natio|nexus ad eam]] hi multi corrigendi sunt, ubi "natio" in modum Anglicum civitatem sui iuris significat. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:22, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::Pagina scilicet delenda non est. Vidi paginas in Vikipedia Hebraica et Ucrainica ad paginam Anglicam bene congruere nec nostram paginam. Natio est verbum Latinum, cuius sensu Latino uti debemus, nec sensi Anglico. Delere nolo sed mutare et fortasse movere. Eo consilio hunc sermonem coepi ut sensibus Latinis verborum uteremur. Vero nescio cur Vikipedia Anglica tot paginas habeat et quid sit discrimen inter “nation” et “state”, propter quod non possum verbum meliorum commendare. Potestne pagina Anglica nostrae paginae [[Natio]] esse [[w:en:Tribe]]? Tribus quoque verbum Latinum est sed secundum dictionarium non idem significat et verbum Anglicum tribe. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:24, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::: ''Tribus'' est quaedam divisio populi, non tota natio ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=tribus]). Possum falli, sed secundum illam Ciceronis sententiam (“Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt …”) mihi videtur praecipua differentia inter ''civitatem'' et ''nationem'' hoc esse, quod ''civitas'' rem publicam civium significat, ''nationes'' autem alios populos tamquam gentes spectatos. Ita ''civitas'' erat Roma, ''nationes'' erant ceteri populi. P.S. {{*Cfr}} etiam “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio” (Cic.). Nam Graecis erat una natio sed plures civitates. Hoc usu vocabulum mihi videtur fere eodem sensu adhiberi ac in linguis hodiernis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:07, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::::Nexus interviciales perutiles sunt (ad minimum, lectores novos nobis dirigunt!) sed non nos regunt. Omnis lingua, sicut [[civitas sui iuris]], libera est. Debemus (1) verba Latina Latinitate classica definire (2) alia verba quibus significationes cognatae sunt (e.g. gens, tribus, civitas) distinguere, nexibus datis (3) significationes apud Latinistas recentiores explicare, si differunt (4) praeter alia, de re principali pellucide disserere. :::::::Cicero his verbis, ''omnes nationes servitutem fere possunt: nostra civitas non potest'' (Phil. 10.10.20) inter ''nationes'' et ''nostram civitatem'' quoquomodo distinguere videtur ... sed alibi ''omnes <u>exteras</u> nationes'' et ''eruditissimam Graecorum nationem'' indicat (Imp. Pomp. 11.31; De Or. 2.4.18) -- unde intellego, apud Ciceronem, plures ''nationes'' exstitisse tam sub imperio S.P.Q.R. quam extra limites. Ex his sententiis, si volumus, inter civitatem et nationem facile erit distinguere: sed inter ''populos'' et ''nationes'' ...? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:06, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Nolite oblivisci ''gentes''&thinsp;! Cassell's nobis dicit (p. 742) ''international law'' locutionem Anglicam nostra lingua esse ''ius gentium,'' ac Traupman (ed. 3, p. 575) nobis dicit ''international'' ipsum verbum Anglicum esse ''inter gentes.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:12, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Sententias vestras perlegi et commentarium inveni [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311975311_On_the_Roman_Concept_of_Natio “On the Roman Concept of Natio”] quem quoque legi, et iam intellego quanta difficilis sit haec res. In libro Arnoldi et in dictionario legi nationem esse “esp. uncivilized”, nec autores Romanos scripisisse Nationem Romanam. Putavi nationem esse tribe nec unquam civilised nation. Iam nesio a bonus sit hic nexus. Veritus sum ne homines dum Latine scribebant solis nexibus uterentur, nec deliberarent quid sit verbum optimum. De pagina nostra [[Respublica]] vos consulere quoque volo. Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary” “'''republic''' ''respublica'', ''civitas'' (= state, simply): a —, as opp. to other forms of government, ''respublica'' (or ''civitas''” ''libera'' or ''popularis''.” Respublica et civitas idem significare mihi videntur. Nonne melius est movere hanc paginam ut novem nomen sit Respublica popularis? Haec res non est solo de nexu sed quoque de ipsa pagina. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:38, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse, sed iam est commentarius de "People's republic" in vicipaedia Anglica. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:31, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::: De differentia inter ''gentem'' et ''nationem'' conferatur etiam {{LTL|natio|335}}: “A ''gente'' aliquando ita differt, ut genus a specie: ''gens'' enim latius patet, et plures nationes complectitur, ut ''gens'' Graeca habet Atticos, Boeotos, Thebanos, qui ejusdem gentis nationes sunt.” Saepissime tamen gens et natio sunt synonyma. @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: Graeci non erant “uncivilized”, attamen erant natio vel plures nationes. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:53, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Multae paginae in Vicipaedia connexae sunt; ''United Nations'' vertitur ut [[Nationes Unitae]], multis cum fontibus (duabus encyclicis aliisque). Hoc mutare nequimus, et pagina de [[natio]]ne nec huic sensui contradicere debet; haec causa, cur paginae Anglicae '"Nation" ceterisque de hac natione moderna narrantibus alliganda sit. Sed de pagina [[Nationes mundi]], exempli gratia, iam dubito, et "civitates mundi" nationibus praeferam, [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:50, 4 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Iam intellego. Huic sensu, quo utuntur encyclici, contradicere scilicet nequimus. Gratias omnibus vobis ago quia mihi hanc rem explanavistis. :::::::::::{{ping|Grufo}}, Quaesivi nec inveni ubi Cicero nationem Graecam scripserit. Testimonium encyclicorum mihi videtur bonum esse, scire tamen volo ubi orator optimus his verbis usus sit. :::::::::::Valete. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 21:14, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: {{Op|[[De oratore]]}}, {{Vf|De oratore/Liber II|18|2.4.18}}: “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:09, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:45, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::De commentario qui [[Nationes mundi]] (Anglice [[w:en:List of sovereign states|List of sovereign states]]) vocatur, nonne melius nomen est “''Index civitatum sui iuris''”? :::::::::::Vide commentarios: :::::::::::* [[Civitas sui iuris]] :::::::::::* [[Index communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae]] :::::::::::* [[Index urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] :::::::::::* [[Index fluviorum Germaniae]] :::::::::::* [[Index asteroidum]] :::::::::::* [[Index siglorum ordinum ecclesiae catholicae]] :::::::::::Hic commentarius est index. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 16:50, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::Sic, [[Index civitatum sui iuris]] bonum nomen est, multae paginae huius generis in Vicipaedia Latina "indices" nominantur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:47, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::Vobis consentio. Hanc paginam satis antiquam renominare oportet. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:39, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::::Utrum possumus paginam renominate an oportet [[Formula:Movenda]] utere? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:21, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::Formula ad disputandum in pagina disputationis ponitur, sed nunc hic erat disputaio, fornula non necessaria est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:55, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::: Paginam movi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:02, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) == "-karyotica" vel "-caryotica"? == In pagina de [[Cellula|cellulis]] ambae formae extant. Videtur mihi melius, si unicam noscamus formam. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 03:14, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) l81itmr808r1kbk9ugulax43cd3nx5y Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici 4 322505 3965083 3964016 2026-06-15T16:48:08Z MediaWiki message delivery 62628 /* Tech News: 2026-25 */ nova pars 3965083 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__<nowiki />[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]][[Categoria:Fora Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{Capsa paginae|1= Haec pagina nuntios technicos qui e [[MediaVici]] proveniunt praebet. Vide etiam [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2016|nuntios anni 2016]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2017|nuntios anni 2017]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2018|nuntios anni 2018]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2019|nuntios anni 2019]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2020|nuntios anni 2020]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2021|nuntios anni 2021]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2022|nuntios anni 2022]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2023|nuntios anni 2023]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2024|nuntios anni 2024]] et [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|nuntios anni 2025]]. }} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Tech News: 2026-03|Nuntia ad novum annum mota --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 12 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Nuntium ad novum annum motum --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 13:21, 18 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:29, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 26 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:43, 2 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 9 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:16, 16 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 23 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:51, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:52, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 16 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:50, 23 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:25, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 6 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:18, 13 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:59, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:42, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:21, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:51, 25 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:29, 8 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:48, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> qukyez4kjrug6p7kwvxdv44zjy8qi2d Formula:Recensio vacua exspectatur/doc 10 322843 3965143 3939019 2026-06-16T01:47:01Z Grufo 64423 Nexum internum addidi 3965143 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}}{{Recensio vacua exspectatur|propositum=exhibitio}} {{Videatur etiam|Formula:Recensio vacua necessaria}} Haec formula [[Formula:Icon de recensione vacua|iconem de recensione vacua]] ({{Icon de recensione vacua|22px}}) in angulo dextro ad summam paginam ostendit, ad usores monendos ut pagina, nihil tangendo, recensenda sit. Paginae quae hac formula utuntur in [[:Categoria:Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant]] numerantur. == De usu == Impone hanc formulam ante categorias '''ad finem commentationis''' == Subformulae == * {{relfn|Formula:Recensio vacua exspectatur/monitus}} == Ulteriora si cupis == {{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant}} * {{Fn|Recensio vacua necessaria}} * {{Fn|Icon de recensione vacua}} * {{Fn|Vicitextus mutabilis}} * {{Fn|FA stella}} * [[:Fasciculus:Null edit.svg]] * [[:Fasciculus:Null edit animated.svg]] <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae statum paginae indicantes]] }}</includeonly> ixltks1y4awaiicefurmq52a6ltws3u Formula:Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione/doc 10 323781 3965145 3952594 2026-06-16T01:50:29Z Grufo 64423 3965145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria|...}} {{Compendia substitutionis}} Si pagina spatii nominalis encyclopaedici fit [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|adumbratio]], mos est creatorem creatricemve originalem monere. Haec [[Vicipaedia:Substitutio|substitutio]] scriptionem monitūs expedit. == De usu == '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagella|1={{Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|u=UsorExemplaris|propositum=exhibitio}}}} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagella|1={{Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|u=UsorExemplaris|propositum=exhibitio}}}} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|causa=Propter brevitatem}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagella|1={{Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|causa=Propter brevitatem|u=UsorExemplaris|propositum=exhibitio}}}} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|causa=}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagella|1={{Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|causa=|u=UsorExemplaris|propositum=exhibitio}}}} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|causa=Propter brevitatem|clausula=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres!}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagella|1={{Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|causa=Propter brevitatem|clausula=Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres!|u=UsorExemplaris|propositum=exhibitio}}}} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|causa=Propter brevitatem|clausula=}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagella|1={{Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|causa=Propter brevitatem|clausula=|u=UsorExemplaris|propositum=exhibitio}}}} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|causa=Propter brevitatem|clausula=|subscriptio=}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagella|1={{Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|causa=Propter brevitatem|clausula=|u=UsorExemplaris|propositum=exhibitio|subscriptio=}}}} == De argumentis == <templatedata>{ "description": "Si pagina spatii nominalis encyclopaedici fit adumbratio, mos est creatorem creatricemve originalem monere. Haec substitutio scriptionem monitūs expedit.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Nomen paginae", "description": "Vetus nomen paginae in spatio encyclopaedico", "type": "string", "required": true, "example": "Absurdilandia" }, "2": { "label": "Nomen adumbrationis", "description": "Novus titulus adumbrationis, si a ‘|1=’ differt", "type": "string", "required": false, "default": "{{{1}}}", "example": "Terra absurda" }, "causa": { "label": "Causa", "description": "Cur pagina facta sit adumbratio", "type": "content", "required": false, "default": "Quum criteriis minimis Vicipaedianis careat", "example": "Propter brevitatem" }, "clausula": { "label": "Clausula", "description": "Consilia quae nuntium concludunt—omitte argumentum aut scribe ‘¬’ ad textum “Si ulteriora … inspicere potes” inserendum", "type": "content", "required": false, "default": "Si ulteriora de commentationibus creandis legere vis, [[Vicipaedia:Praefatio|nostrum enchiridion]] inspicere potes.", "example": "Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres!" }, "subscriptio": { "label": "Subscriptio", "description": "Subscriptio usoris—omitte argumentum aut scribe ‘¬’ ad textum “--~~~~” inserendum", "type": "content", "required": false, "default": "--~~~~" }, "u": { "label": "Nomen usoris", "description": "Nomen usoris cui scribis", "type": "string", "required": false, "default": "{{ROOTPAGENAME}}", "example": "UsorExemplaris" } } }</templatedata> == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[:Categoria:Formulae nuntiorum ad usores referendorum]] * [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] * {{Fn|Adumbratio}} * {{Fn|Nuntium de pagina brevi facta adumbratione}} * {{Fsn|Nuntium de pagina in spatium usoris translata}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsa capita creant|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nuntiorum ad usores referendorum|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae in spatio nominali disputationis usoris adhibendae|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> awrdrk4m57fhtnv5y4co864vo7ivc1a Formula:Nuntium de pagina brevi facta adumbratione/doc 10 324010 3965141 3952593 2026-06-16T01:41:33Z Grufo 64423 ‘|consilia=’ → ‘|clausula=’ 3965141 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula delegata|Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione | procurata = causa -> Propter brevitatem | superstitia = 1 // 2 // clausula // subscriptio // u }} {{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria|...}} {{Lua|Modulus:Params}} {{Compendia substitutionis}} Si pagina spatii nominalis encyclopaedici fit [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|adumbratio]], mos est creatorem creatricemve originalem monere. Si '''propter brevitatem''' pagina fit adumbratio, haec [[Vicipaedia:Substitutio|substitutio]] scriptionem monitūs expedit. == De usu == Videatur {{Fn|Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione}}. '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:Nuntium de pagina brevi facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagella|1={{Nuntium de pagina brevi facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|u=UsorExemplaris|propositum=exhibitio}}}} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:Nuntium de pagina brevi facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagella|1={{Nuntium de pagina brevi facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|u=UsorExemplaris|propositum=exhibitio}}}} == De argumentis == <templatedata>{ "description": "Si pagina spatii nominalis encyclopaedici fit adumbratio, mos est creatorem creatricemve originalem monere. Haec substitutio scriptionem monitūs expedit.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Nomen paginae", "description": "Vetus nomen paginae in spatio encyclopaedico", "type": "string", "required": true, "example": "Absurdilandia" }, "2": { "label": "Nomen adumbrationis", "description": "Novus titulus adumbrationis, si a ‘|1=’ differt", "type": "string", "required": false, "default": "{{{1}}}", "example": "Terra absurda" }, "clausula": { "label": "clausula", "description": "Consilia quae nuntium concludunt", "type": "content", "required": false, "default": "Si ulteriora de commentationibus creandis legere vis, [[Vicipaedia:Praefatio|nostrum enchiridion]] inspicere potes.", "example": "Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres!" }, "subscriptio": { "label": "Subscriptio", "description": "Subscriptio usoris", "type": "content", "required": false, "default": "--~~~~" }, "u": { "label": "Nomen usoris", "description": "Nomen usoris quibus scribis", "type": "string", "required": false, "default": "{{ROOTPAGENAME}}", "example": "UsorExemplaris" } } }</templatedata> == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[:Categoria:Formulae nuntiorum ad usores referendorum]] * [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] * {{Fn|Adumbratio}} * {{Fn|Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione}} * {{Fsn|Nuntium de pagina in spatium usoris translata}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsa capita creant|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nuntiorum ad usores referendorum|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae in spatio nominali disputationis usoris adhibendae|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> jtcjsvrvz8q4keirh8xz3jeej8bd74d 3965144 3965141 2026-06-16T01:50:07Z Grufo 64423 3965144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula delegata|Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione | procurata = causa -> Propter brevitatem | superstitia = 1 // 2 // clausula // subscriptio // u }} {{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria|...}} {{Lua|Modulus:Params}} {{Compendia substitutionis}} Si pagina spatii nominalis encyclopaedici fit [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|adumbratio]], mos est creatorem creatricemve originalem monere. Si '''propter brevitatem''' pagina fit adumbratio, haec [[Vicipaedia:Substitutio|substitutio]] scriptionem monitūs expedit. == De usu == Videatur {{Fn|Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione}}. '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:Nuntium de pagina brevi facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagella|1={{Nuntium de pagina brevi facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|u=UsorExemplaris|propositum=exhibitio}}}} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{subst:Nuntium de pagina brevi facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagella|1={{Nuntium de pagina brevi facta adumbratione|Absurdilandia|Terra absurda|u=UsorExemplaris|propositum=exhibitio}}}} == De argumentis == <templatedata>{ "description": "Si pagina spatii nominalis encyclopaedici fit adumbratio, mos est creatorem creatricemve originalem monere. Haec substitutio scriptionem monitūs expedit.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Nomen paginae", "description": "Vetus nomen paginae in spatio encyclopaedico", "type": "string", "required": true, "example": "Absurdilandia" }, "2": { "label": "Nomen adumbrationis", "description": "Novus titulus adumbrationis, si a ‘|1=’ differt", "type": "string", "required": false, "default": "{{{1}}}", "example": "Terra absurda" }, "clausula": { "label": "clausula", "description": "Consilia quae nuntium concludunt", "type": "content", "required": false, "default": "Si ulteriora de commentationibus creandis legere vis, [[Vicipaedia:Praefatio|nostrum enchiridion]] inspicere potes.", "example": "Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres!" }, "subscriptio": { "label": "Subscriptio", "description": "Subscriptio usoris", "type": "content", "required": false, "default": "--~~~~" }, "u": { "label": "Nomen usoris", "description": "Nomen usoris cui scribis", "type": "string", "required": false, "default": "{{ROOTPAGENAME}}", "example": "UsorExemplaris" } } }</templatedata> == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[:Categoria:Formulae nuntiorum ad usores referendorum]] * [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] * {{Fn|Adumbratio}} * {{Fn|Nuntium de pagina facta adumbratione}} * {{Fsn|Nuntium de pagina in spatium usoris translata}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsa capita creant|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nuntiorum ad usores referendorum|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae in spatio nominali disputationis usoris adhibendae|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 8npyutj8pu9kyu1dhpgen4l4msgug55 Usor:Andrew Dalby/Fontes 2 2 325480 3965059 3963726 2026-06-15T14:35:37Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* 1701-1750 */ 3965059 wikitext text/x-wiki == 1651-1700 == * 1651 : {{ec|id=Hernandez (1651)|c=[[Franciscus Hernandez]]; [[Fridericus Caesius]] et al., edd., ''[[Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus]]'' (Romae) lib. 8 cap. 50 [https://archive.org/stream/rerummedicarumno00hern#page/294/mode/2up pp. 295-296]}} * 1651 : Pierre Morin, ''Catalogues de quelques plantes à fleurs qui sont de present au jardin de Pierre Morin le jeune''. Lutetiae * 1651 : {{ec|id=La Varenne (1651)|c=[[Franciscus Petrus de La Varenne|La Varenne]], ''Le Cuisinier françois'' (Lutetiae: David, 1651) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k114423k/ Textus]; (2a ed. Lutetiae: David, 1652) [https://archive.org/details/lecuisinierfranc00lava/ Textus]}} * 1651 : [[Nicolaus de Bonnefons|Nicolas de Bonnefons]], ''Le Jardinier françois''. Lutetiae: Pierre des-Hayes, 1651 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k105504m Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/ned-kbn-all-00002902-001 editio Amstelodamensis 1654] * 1652 : [[Nicholaus Culpeper|Nicholas Culpeper]], ''[[The English Physitian]]'' (Londinii, 1652) [https://archive.org/details/b30335310/page/n9/mode/1up Textus] * 1652 : James Wadsworth, ''Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke''. Londinii: John Dakins, 1652 * ante 1653 : [[Barnabas Cobo|Bernabé Cobo]], ''[[Historia del Nuevo Mundo]]'' (1890-1893) ([https://archive.org/details/historiadelnuev00cobogoog vol. 1][http://bibliotecadigital.aecid.es/bibliodig/es/consulta/registro.cmd?id=579 vol. 2] [https://archive.org/details/historiadelnuevo0002unse vol. 2 alibi] [https://archive.org/details/historiadelnuev00espagoog vol. 3] [https://archive.org/details/historiadelnuev01cobogoog vol. 4]; [http://fondosdigitales.us.es/fondos/libros/2423/1012/historia-del-nuevo-mundo-por-el-padre-bernabe-cobo-de-la-compania-de-jesus/ pp. 1012-1164 libri manu scripti]) * 1652-1653 : Philip Nichols, Francis Fletcher et al.; R. D., ed., ''Sir Francis Drake revived; The world encompassed by Sir Francis Drake; A summarie and true discourse; A full relation of another voyage into the West Indies''. Londinii: Bourne, 1652-1653 [https://archive.org/details/sirfrancisdraker00bourrich/page/n5/mode/2up fasc. 1 i] [https://archive.org/details/sirfrancisdraker00nichrich/page/n5/mode/2up fasc. 1 ii] [https://archive.org/details/sirfrancisdraker00nichrich/page/n5/mode/2up fasc. 2] [https://archive.org/details/summarieandtrued00biggrich fasc. 3] [https://archive.org/details/fullrelationofan00bourrich fasc. 4] * 1653 : [[Elisabetha Grey (comitissa Cantiae)|Elizabeth Grey, countess of Kent]]; W. J., editor, ''A choice manual of rare and select secrets in physick and chyrurgery''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/b30323368/ Editio 1653]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-choice-manual-_kent-elizabeth-grey-co_1659/ editio 1659]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A47269.0001.001 recensio interretialis editionis 1687] * 1653 : W. J., editor, ''A true gentlewomans delight, wherein is contained all manner of cookery''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/truegentlewomans00kent/ Editio 1653]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-true-gentlewomans-deli_kent-elizabeth-grey-co_1653/ alia]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-true-gentlewomans-deli_kent-elizabeth-grey-co_1653_0/ alia]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-true-gentlewomans-deli_kent-elizabeth-grey-co_1653_1/ alia]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-choice-manual-_kent-elizabeth-grey-co_1659/page/n289/mode/2up editio 1659]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A47270.0001.001 recensio interretialis]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A47269.0001.001/1:10 recensio interretialis editionis 1687] * 1653 : {{ec|id=La Varenne (1653)|c=[[Franciscus Petrus de La Varenne|La Varenne]], ''Le Pastissier françois'' (Lutetiae: J. Gaillard, 1653) (Terence Scully, interpr., ''La Varenne's Cookery'' [Totenais: Prospect Books, 2006] pp. 375-483)}} * 1653 : [[Isaacius Walton|Izaak Walton]], ''[[The Compleat Angler]]''. Londinii: Richard Marriott {{Google Books|u-g5AQAAMAAJ|pp. 161-173 editionis fac-simile}} * 1653 : Ralph Austen, ''A Treatise of Fruit Trees'' * 1654 : [[Iosephus Cooper]], ''The Art of Cookery Refin'd and Augmented, containing an Abstract of Some Rare and Rich Unpublished Receipts of Cookery collected from the Practise of that Incomparable Master of These Arts, Mr. Jos. Cooper, Chiefe Cook to the Late King''. Londinii: R. Lowndes {{Google Books|CY9mAAAAcAAJ}} * 1654 : ''The Ladies Companion''. Londinii: W. Bentley * 1654 : [[Nicolaus de Bonnefons|Nicolas de Bonnefons]], ''Les Délices de la campagne''. Lutetiae: Pierre des-Hayes, 1654 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_8RKWuTLrZFYC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1088619 2a ed. 1656] apud Gallica [https://archive.org/details/lesdelicesdelaca00bonn editio Amstelodamensis 1661] * 1655 : [[Samuel Hartlib]], ''The Reformed Virginian Silk-worm'' {{Google Books|HlHjw-JHMI0C}} * 1655 : [[Samuel Hartlib]], ''The Reformed Common-wealth of Bees'' [https://archive.org/details/reformedcommonwe00hart Textus] * 1655 : [[Olaus Wormius]], ''Museum Wormianum''. Lugduni Batavorum: ex officina Elseviriorum [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51143811#page/216/mode/1up p. 192] * 1655 : "Philiatrus", ''Natura exenterata''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/b30332758/page/n11/mode/2up Textus] (attributed to Alethea Howard, Countess of Arundel, whose portrait appears after the title page) * 1655 : ''[[The Queens Closet Opened]]''. Londinii {{Google Books|Lw1o1y349vQC|editio 1662}} [https://archive.org/details/101493846.nlm.nih.gov De hoc opere] [https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/cuizine/1900-v1-n1-cuizine0888/1019319ar/ De hoc opere] * 1656 : ''The compleat cook'' (published with ''The queens closet opened'' but not clearly connected with it) * 1656 : [[Petrus de Lune|Pierre de Lune]], ''Le Cuisinier''. Lutetiae: David, 1656 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9819294k Textus] apud Gallica (cf. 1659) * 1656 : [[Michaël Boym]], ''[[Flora Sinensis]]''. Viennae Austriae: typis Matthaei Rictii, 1656 [https://neptun.unamur.be/s/neptun/item/8941 Imagines] * post 1656 : [[Petrus Lindeström|Per Lindeström]] ([[:sv:Pedher Lindheström]]); Nils Jacobsson, ed., ''Per Lindeströms resa till Nya Sverige, 1653-1656''. Holmiae: Wahlström & Widstrand, 1923 [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/bildvisning/R0000418_00105 Manuscriptum] * 1658 : [[Iacobus Bontius]], [[Gulielmus Piso]], ''[[De Indiae utriusque re naturali et medica]]'' (Amstelaedami: apud Elzevirios) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002909064 textus] {{Google Books|k_L7yEyzJ-wC|pars iii p. 200}} ("tlilxochitl ... vaynillae") * 1658 : [[Theodorus Mayernius]], ''Archimagirus Anglo-Gallicus, or Excellent and approved receipts and experiments in cookery''. Londinii: G. Bodell {{Google Books|EI9mAAAAcAAJ}} [https://ota.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repository/xmlui/handle/20.500.12024/A50384 Editio interretialis] * 1658 : [[Thomas Moffetus|Thomas Moffet]]; [[Theodorus Mayernius|Theodore de Mayerne]], ed., "[[Insectorum theatrum|The Theater of Insects, or Lesser living creatures]] ... by Tho. Mouffet" in Edward Topsel, ed., ''The History of Four-Footed Beasts and Serpents'' (Londinii: G. Sawbridge) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151513#page/841/mode/1up Textus] * ante 1659 : [[Ioannes de Palafox|Juan de Palafox y Mendoza]], ''Virtudes del Indio'' (editionis Matritensis 1893 [https://archive.org/details/virtudesdelindi00mendgoog/page/n78/mode/1up p. 61] * 1659 : Thomas Hanmer, ''The Garden Book'' * 1659 : {{ec|id|Lune (1659)|[[Petrus de Lune|Pierre de Lune]], ''Le nouveau cuisinier''. Lutetiae: Pierre David, 1659 [https://archive.org/details/lenouueaucuisini00lune Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' {{Google Books|oo1mAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1660}}}} * 1659 : [[Petrus de Lune|Pierre de Lune]]? ''Le Maistre d'hostel ... ensemble Le Sommelier ... [Le Confiturier de la cour]''. Lutetiae: Pierre David, 1659 [https://archive.org/details/lemaistredhostel00unse Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1660 : {{ec|id=May (1660)|c=[[Robertus May|Robert May]], ''[[The Accomplished Cook|The accomplisht cook]]'' (Londinii: Wood) [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A88977.0001.001/1:11.13.3?rgn=div3;view=fulltext pp. 289-291]; {{GB|7dhopy-AJ98C|pp. 303-304 editionis 1665}} ("a bisque of carps ... a bisk with carps and other several fishes") {{Google Books|evxmAAAAcAAJ|editio 1671}} [https://archive.org/details/accomplishtcooko00mayr/ editio 1685]}} * 1660 : {{ec|id=Cuisinier méthodique (1660)|c=''[[Le Cuisinier méthodique]]'' (Lutetiae: Jean Gaillard, 1660) [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_41574x02/page/82/mode/2up pp. 82-83] {{Google Books|W41mAAAAcAAJ|pp. 82-83 editionis 1662}} ("potage aux écrevisses en façon de bisque")}} * 1660 : {{ec|id=Almeida (1660)|c=[[Manuel de Almeida]], ''Historia geral de Ethiopia a alta'' (Conimbrigae, 1660) {{Google Books|uSacgFzlt7gC|pp. 42-43}}, cf. C. F. Beckingham, G. W. B. Huntingford, ''Some Records of Ethiopia'' (Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1954) }} * 1660 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Catalogus plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium''. Cantabrigiae: impensis Gulielmi Nealand {{Google Books|qlc-AAAAcAAJ}} * 1661 : Simon Paulli (titulus verificandus); Robert James, interpr., ''A Treatise on Tobacco, Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate''. Londinii: T. Osborne, 1746 * 1661 : [[Ioannes Drouhet|Jean Drouhet]], ''La Moirie de Sen-Moixont''. Pictavii: par Pierre Amassard, 1661 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86120666 Textus] * 1662 : [[Henricus Stubbe|Henry Stubbe]], ''[[The Indian Nectar]], or a Discourse Concerning Chocolata''. Londinii {{Google Books|QyhVAAAAcAAJ}} [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A61881.0001.001?view=toc recensio interretialis] * 1662 : [[Petrus de Lune|Pierre de Lune]], ''Le nouveau et parfait maistre d'hostel royal''. Lutetiae: Loyson, 1662 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1339465 Textus] apud Gallica * 1662 : ''[[The Queen's Closet Opened|A Queens Delight, or The art of preserving, conserving, and candying, as also a right knowledge of making perfumes, and distilling the most excellent waters]]''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/queensdelightora00unse Textus] * ante 1663 : {{ec|id=Della Valle (1663)|c=[[Petrus della Valle]]; Biagio Deversino, ed., ''Viaggio di Pietro della Valle il pellegrino''. 2 voll. Romae: Mascardi, 1657-1663 ([https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Rf_QVsjgjocC vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/viaggidipietrode02dell vol. 2] editionis 1843; [https://archive.org/details/travelsofpietrod00dell vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.13145 vol. 2] versionis Anglicae)}} * 1663 : {{ec|id=Vasconcellos (1663)|c=[[Simon de Vasconcellos|Simão de Vasconcellos]], ''Chronica da Companhia de Jesu do estado do Brasil'' (Olisipone) lib. 1 cap. 141 {{Google Books|bHT08G-vNSIC|pp. 86-87}} [https://archive.org/details/chronicadacompan00vasc vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/chronicadacompan01vasc vol. 2 editionis 1865] }} * 1664 : [[Athanasius Kircherus]], ''Mundus subterraneus''. Amstelodami [https://archive.org/details/mundussubterrane00unse Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mundussubterrane02kirc 3a ed. 1678] * 1664 : [[Ioannes Evelyn|John Evelyn]], ''[[Sylva (Evelyn)|Sylva, or a discourse of forest-trees and the propagation of timber in His Majesty's dominions]]'' (Londinii: [[Regalis Societas Londiniensis|Royal Society]], 1664) [http://www.archive.org/details/sylvaordiscourse00eveluoft Textus apud archive.org] * 1664 : [[Ioannes Evelyn|John Evelyn]] et alii, "[[Pomona (Evelyn)|Pomona]], or an appendix concerning fruit-trees in relation to cider" in John Evelyn, ''[[Sylva (Evelyn)|Sylva, or a discourse of forest-trees and the propagation of timber in His Majesty's dominions]]'' (Londinii: [[Regalis Societas Londiniensis|Royal Society]], 1664) [http://www.archive.org/details/sylvaordiscourse00eveluoft Textus apud archive.org] * 1665 : [[Ioannes Rea|John Rea]], ''Flora, seu De florum cultura, or A complete florilege, furnished with all the requisites belonging to a florist''. Londinii: Thomas Clarke. [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000815081 Textus] * 1667 : [[Athanasius Kircherus]], ''China ... illustrata''. Amstelodami [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CSjQ6j3dWcsC Textus] [https://htext.stanford.edu/content/kircher/china/kircher.pdf Versio Anglica] * 1668 : [[Ioannes Henricus Meibomius]], ''[[De cervisiis potibusque et ebriaminibus extra vinum aliis]]'' (Helmstadii, 1668) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_e3LsZz6vApMC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1668 : {{ec|id=Ecole (1668)|c=''L'ecole des ragoust, ou Le chef-d'euvre du cuisinier, du patissier et du confiturier''. Lugduni, 1668 [https://archive.org/details/lecoledesragoust00lava/page/84/mode/2up pp. 84-85], [https://archive.org/details/lecoledesragoust00lava/page/330/mode/2up 331-332] ("Bisque de poisson, bisque aux oeufs")}} * 1668 : [[Petrus de Lune|Pierre de Lune]], ''Le Nouveau et Parfait Cuisinier''. Nova ed. Lutetiae [http://terroirs.denfrance.free.fr/p/frameset/07.html Fragmentum interretiale] * 1669 : [[Kenelmus Digbius|Kenelm Digby]]; George Hartman, ed.? ''[[The Closet of Sir Kenelme Digbie Opened|The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt. Opened]]''. Londinii: Henry Brome, 1669 {{Google Books|yc1EAQAAMAAJ|Textus e fac-simile demptus}} [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16441 editio interretialis] apud ''Project Gutenberg'' [https://archive.org/details/closetofeminentl00digb editio 1677] * 1669 : [[Nicolaus de Bonnefons|Nicolas de Bonnefons]]; [[Ioannes Evelyn|John Evelyn]], interpr., ''The French Gardiner''. Londinii: John Crooke, 1669 [https://archive.org/details/debonnefonsevelynfrenchgardiner2ed/ Textus] * 1670 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Catalogus plantarum Angliae et insularum adiacentium, tum indigenas, tum in agris passim cultas complectens''. Londinii: impensis J. Martyn [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k98508w Textus]; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/82234 2a ed. 1677] * 1671 : Philippe Sylvestre Dufour, ''De l'Usage du caphé, du thé, et du chocolate''. Lugduni: J. Girin, B. Riviere {{Google Books|Ed0EPN_iakUC}}; John Chamberlayne, interpr., ''The Manner of Making Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate, as it is Used in Most Parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America''. Londinii: Christopher Wilkinson, 1685 * 1671 : W. M., ''The Compleat Cook'' (one of the three parts of The Queens Closet Opened). Londinii: E. Tyler & R. Holt, 1671 (facs. repr. London, Prospect, 1984. The text remained the same through all editions from 1655) * 1671 : [[Li Yu (scriptor)|Li Yu]], ''[[Fortuitae affectuum otiosorum adumbrationes|Xianqing ouji]]'' * ante 1672 : [[Anna Fanshawe]], ''Memoirs''. Editio: ''The Memoirs of Ann Lady Fanshawe, wife of the Right Honble. Sir Richard Fanshawe, Bart., 1600-72''. (Herbert Charles Fanshawe, ed.) Londinii: John Lane, 1907. [https://archive.org/details/memoirsofannlady00fansuoft Textus] * 1672 : William Hughes, ''The American Physitian, or, A Treatise of the Roots, Plants, Trees, Shrubs, Fruit, Herbs, &c. Growing in the English Plantations in America''. Londinii: William Crook {{Google Books|Oa9kAAAAcAAJ}} * 1673 : William Rabisha, ''The Whole Body of Cookery Dissected''. Londinii: E. Calvert, 1673 [https://www.loc.gov/item/44028918/ Textus] (1st ed. 1661?) * 1673 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ''Observations topographical, moral, and physiological, made in a journey through part of the Low-Countries, Germany, Italy, and France, with a catalogue of plants ...'' Londinii: John Martyn [https://archive.org/details/observationstopo00rayj Textus] * 1674 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ''A Collection of English Words not generally used ... with catalogues of English birds and fishes''. Londinii {{Google Books|njdWAAAAYAAJ}} * 1674 : Audiger’s Maison réglée et l’art de diriger la maison d’un grand seigneur tant à la ville qu’à la campagne (1674), reproduced in Gilles Laurendon and Laurence Laurendon, eds., ''L’Art de la cuisine française aux dix-septième siècle'' (Paris: Payot & Rivages, 1995) * 1675 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ''Dictionariolum Trilingue Secundum Locos Communes, Nominibus Usitatioribus Anglicis, Latinis, Graecis, Ordine Parallelo Dispositis''. Londini: Burrel * 1675 : [[Hadrianus Valesius]], ''Notitia Galliarum ordine litterarum digesta''. Lutetiae, 1675 {{Google Books|mSVENQUSrioC|p. 538}} * 1675 : [[Franciscus van Sterbeeck]], ''Theatrum fungorum'' * 1676 : Denis Dodart, ''Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire des plantes'' * 1676-1689 : [[Ioannes Worlidge|John Worlidge]], ''[[Vinetum Britannicum]], or, A treatise of cider and other wines and drinks extracted from fruits growing in this kingdom with the method of propagating all sorts of vinous fruit-trees, and a description of the new-invented ingenio or mill for the more expeditious making of cider''. Londinii: T. Dring, 1676; 2a ed., 1678; 3a ed., 1691; ''The second parts of Systema agriculturae, or, The mystery of husbandry; and, Vinetum Britannicum, or, A treatise of cider; wherein are contained many selected and curious observations ... with the best and most natural rules and methods for the making of cider, and other English liquors''. Londinii, 1689 * 1675 : Hannah Wolley, ''The Queen-Like Closet''. Londinii: Richard Lownes [https://digital.library.lse.ac.uk/objects/lse:mir865luj Textus] * 1676-1679 : [[Ioannes Baptista Tavernier|Jean-Baptiste Tavernier]], ''Les Six Voyages'' (Lutetiae, 1676-1679) {{GB|_cgM18MuVgsC|vol. 1}} {{GB|mV5CAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}} {{Google Books|edIPyR4KgrsC|''Recueil'' [vol. 3]}} [https://archive.org/details/travelsinindia01tave Version Anglica vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/travelsinindia02tave 2] * 1677 : ''{{Creanda|en|Bak tongsa|Pak interpres}}'' (''Bak tongsa'' vel ''Piao tongshi'') (Svetlana R. Dyer, interpr., ''Pak the Interpreter: An Annotated Translation and Literary-cultural Evaluation of the Piao Tongshi of 1677''. Pandanus Books, 2006) * 1678 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ''A Collection of English Proverbs''. Cantabrigiae {{Google Books|rnlQoxh95VMC}} * 1678 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ed., ''The Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the county of Warwick, esq.'' Londinii [https://archive.org/details/ornithologyFran00Will Textus] * 1678-1703 : [[Henricus van Rheede|Henricus van Rhede tot Draakestein]], ''[[Hortus Malabaricus|Horti Malabarici]] pars prima [... duodecima]''. Amstelaedami: sumptibus Johannis van Someren et Joannis van Dyck [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/707 Textus] * 1680-1699 : [[Robertus Morison]], ''Plantarum historiae universalis Oxoniensis'' ... [pars i-iii]. Oxoniae {{GB|kc4wCzH05d4C|i}} {{GB|j0Ks4ncT6QEC|ii}} {{Google Books|lqPQH-5-d-oC|iii}} * 1681 : Robert Knox, ''An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon in the East-Indies'' (Londinii: Chiswell, 1681) {{Google Books|yFpTAAAAcAAJ|p. 12}} * 1682 : [William Rabisha], ''The Whole Body of Cookery Dissected''. Londinii: George Calvert & Ralph Simpson, 1682 (facs. repr. Totnes, Prospect, 2003; the text remained essentially unchanged from the first edition of 1661) cf. 1673 * 1682 : John Chamberlayne, ''The Natural History of Coffee, Thee', Chocolate, Tobacco''. Londinii: Christopher Wilkinson [https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof00chamuoft Textus] * 1682 : ''Methodus plantarum nova : brevitatis & perspicuitatis causa synoptice in tabulis exhibita''. Londinii: Faithorne [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/37647 Textus] * 1682 : [[Ioannes Nieuhof|Johan Nieuhof]], ''Johan Nieuhofs Gedenkweerdige Brasiliaense zee- en lant- reize'' (Amstelodami: Jacob van Meurs) [https://archive.org/details/johannieuhofsged00nieu/page/n233/mode/2up p. 203]; {{Google Books|vOguAAAAIAAJ|p. 292 versionis Lusitanae}} ("Chili lada of Brasiliaense peper. De roode peper, gemeenelijk Brasiliaense peper by d'onzen, en chili lada by de Brasilianen genoemt ...") * 1682: [[Christophorus de Acuña|Cristóbal de Acuña]]; Mr de Gomberville, interpr., ''Relation de la riviere des Amazones'' (4 v. Lutetiae, 1682) quo opere comprehensa sunt Gomberville, 'Dissertation sur la Riviere des Amazones' (v. 1); Jean Grillet, 'Journal du voyage qu'ont fait les pères Jean Grillet et François Bechamel de la Compagnie de Jésus en Goyane l’an 1674'; [https://archive.org/details/relationdelarivi01acua/ 1]; [https://archive.org/details/relationdelarivi02acua/ 2]; [https://archive.org/details/relationdelarivi03acua/ 3]; [https://archive.org/details/relationdelarivi04acua/ 4] * 1683 : ''The Young Cook's Monitor, or Directions for cookery and distilling, by M. H.'' Londinii: William Downing {{Google Books|ivlmAAAAcAAJ}} * 1685 : Robert May, ''The Accomplisht Cook'' (5a ed. Londinii) [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22790 Textus] * 1685 : Philippe Sylvestre Dufour, ''Traitez nouveaux et curieux du café, du thé et du chocolate''. Lugduni: J. Girin, B. Riviere [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_XDU97KHMFu4C Textus] [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009349246 Editio 1693] * 1686-1704 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''[[Historia plantarum generalis (Raius)|Historia plantarum generalis]]'' {{GB|btw-AAAAcAAJ|vol. 1 2a ed.}} {{GB|PXoxquU_jgUC|vol. 2 2a ed.}} {{Google Books|vKzKmrmHNfsC|vol. 3}} * 1687 : Nicolas de Blegny, ''Le Bon Usage du thé, du caffé, et du chocolat''. Lugduni: T. Amaulry [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009281765 Textus] * 1687 : [[Ioannes Worlidge|John Worlidge]], ''The most easie method for making the best cyder''. Londinii: George Graston * 1687 : [[Nicolaus Parthenius Giannettasius|Nicolaus Parthenius]], ''Halieutica''. Neapoli {{Google Books|RH31fSuOuFgC}} * 1688 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Fasciculus Stirpium Britannicarum, post editum plantarum Angliae catalogum observatarum''. Londinii: Faithorne {{Google Books|pxyYUGCMZs4C}} * 1688 : [[Alexander Exquemelin|Alexandre Olivier Oexmelin]], ''Histoire des avanturiers qui se sont signalez dans les Indes''. Lutetiae: Jacques Le Febvre, 1688 {{Google Books|Td0wf6XxqSQC|pp. 113-114}} ("et après avec une cuillère de bois il ramasse la graisse, qu'il met dans une calebasse; et ensuite il presse le jus de quelques limons ... y joignant un peu de piment, qui donne le goût et le nom à cette sauce, qu'ils appellent pimentade") * ante 1689 : [[Ioannes Reresby|John Reresby]], ''Memoirs''. Editio: James J. Cartwright, ed., ''The Memoirs of Sir John Reresby, of Thrybergh, bart., M. P. for York, &c., 1634-1689''. Londinii: Longmans Green, 1875 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k105383c Textus] * 1690 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Synopsis methodica stirpium Britannicarum''. Londini [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/63346 Textus] * 1691 : {{ec|id=Massialot (1691)|c=[[Franciscus Massialot|François Massialot]], ''Le Cuisinier roial et bourgeois''. Lutetiae {{Google Books|HXwOAQAAIAAJ}}}} * 1691 : Richard Ames, ''The Search after Claret''. Londinii: E. Hawkins, 1691 [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A25274.0001.001/1:3?rgn=div1;view=fulltext Editio interretialis] * 1691 : Richard Ames, ''A Farther Search after Claret''. Londinii: E. Hawkins, 1691 {{Google Books|hKbb2W5vyj4C}} * 1691 : {{Creanda|fr|Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy|Maria Catharina d'Aulnoy|Madame d'Aulnoy}}, ''Relation du voyage d'Espagne''. Hagae Comitum: chez Henri van Bulderen {{Google Books|M5ov-5VQX3kC|vol. 3 pp. 147-148}} ("on laisse tremper longtems le pimento dans du sel et du vinaigre pour en ôter la force") * 1691 : [[Simon de La Loubère]], ''Du Royaume de Siam''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Coignard [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5418109s vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5415972c 2] * 1693 : [[Franciscus Massialot|François Massialot]], ''Le Cuisinier royal et bourgeois''. 2a ed. Lutetiae [https://archive.org/details/lecuisinierroyal00mass Textus] * 1693 : L. S. R., ''L'art de bien traiter'' [https://archive.org/details/lartdebientraite00lsra_0/ Textus] * 1693 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Synopsis methodica animalium quadrupedum et serpentini generis''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OnACLEEY8WQC Textus] * 1693 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ed., ''A Collection of Curious Travels and Voyages, in two tomes''. Londinii {{GB|8oMrAQAAMAAJ|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|DytDAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}} * 1693 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Historia plantarum generalis'' (1693) {{Google Books|btw-AAAAcAAJ|vol. 1 pp. 676-679}} * 1694 : [[Antonius Latini|Antonio Latini]], ''Lo scalco alla moderna''. Neapoli, 1694 {{GB|edZMAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|VHxPSH5JFxAC|vol. 2}} (Tommaso Astarita, interpr., ''Antonio Latini's The Modern Steward'' [Ledesiae: ARC Humanities Press, 2019] [https://assets.ctfassets.net/4wrp2um278k7/3Ok5PSNdcLjxMWsT3lJ1yP/533ac771a1f48e08efb4c2232e7d1813/Antonio_Latini___s_The_Modern_Steward__or_The_Art_of_Preparing_Banquets_Well_ToC___Intro.pdf Textus praefationis]) * 1694 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Stirpium Europaearum extra Britannias nascentium sylloge''. Londini: Smith & Walford {{Google Books|8Fc-AAAAcAAJ}} * 1695 : John Poyntz, ''The present prospect of the famous and fertile island of Tobago''. 2a ed. Londinii, 1695 {{Google Books|5ehmAAAAcAAJ|p. 13}} ("Then there is long pepper, that sprouts up in every angle; and cod pepper, bell pepper, and round pepper, some red, and some green, that grows naturally without cultivation") * ante 1696 : [[Ioannes Aubreius|John Aubrey]], ''[[Brief Lives]]'' (Andrew Clark, ed., ''Brief Lives, chiefly of contemporaries, set down by John Aubrey between the years 1669 and 1696'' [2 voll. Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1898] [https://archive.org/details/briefliveschiefl01aubr 1] [https://archive.org/details/briefliveschiefl02aubr 2]) [https://archive.org/details/briefliveschiefl01aubr/page/224/mode/2up vol. 1 pp. 224-233 et alibi] * 1696 : J. Ovington, ''A Voyage to Suratt in the Year 1689'' (Londinii: Tonson, 1696) [https://archive.org/details/AVoyageToSurattInTheYear1689/page/n419/mode/2up p. 397]; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.79805/page/n261/mode/2up p. 231 editionis 1929] * 1697 : {{ec|id= Dampier (1697)|c= [[Gulielmus Dampier|William Dampier]], ''A New Voyage Round the World'' (Londinii: James Knapton) [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-new-voyage-round-the-w_dampier-william_1697/page/296/mode/2up p. 296] apud ''Internet Archive'' }} ("The lime ... is also used for a particular kind of sauce, which is called pepper-sauce, and is made of cod-pepper, commonly called Guinea-pepper, boiled in water, and then pickled with salt, and mixt with lime-juice to preserve it") * 1698 : [[Ioannes Fryer|John Fryer]], ''A New Account of East-India and Persia in Eight Letters'' (Londinii: Chiswell, 1698) [https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.85618/page/404/mode/2up p. 404] * 1698 : {{ec|id= Ward (1698)|c= Edward Ward, ''A Trip to Jamaica: with a true character of the people and island'' 3a ed. (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-trip-to-jamaica-_ward-edward_1698/page/n14 pp. 14-15] }} * 1699 : [[Martinus Lister|Martin Lister]], ''A journey to Paris in the year 1698'' (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-osl_journey-paris_BO5070_L77325j1698-1699-20094/page/n75/mode/2up pp. 60-63] * 1699 : [[Lionel Wafer]], ''A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of America''. Londinii (George Parker Winship, ed., 1903 [https://archive.org/details/newvoyagedescrip00wafe/page/106/mode/2up p. 107]) * 1699 : [[Ioannes Evelyn|John Evelyn]], ''[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: A Discourse of Sallets]]''. Londinii: Tooke {{Google Books|-fhmAAAAcAAJ}} * 1699 : [[Robertus Morison]], ''Plantarum historiae universalis Oxoniensis''. Oxoniae {{Google Books|lqPQH-5-d-oC|pars iii pp. 528-531; sectionis 13 tabula 2}} ("Solanum urens Capsicum dictum") * 1700 : [[Iosephus Pitton de Tournefort]], ''[[Institutiones rei herbariae (Tournefort)|Institutiones rei herbariae]]'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000521648 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000521655 vol. 2] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000521663 vol. 3] == 1701-1750 == * 1702 : [[Franciscus Massialot]]; J. K., interpr., ''The Court and Country Cook, giving new and plain directions how to order all manner of entertainments''. Londinii: A. & J. Churchill {{Google Books|paFhAAAAcAAJ}} * 1702: [[Thomas Campanius Holm]], ''Kort beskrifning om provincien Nya Swerige uti America''. Holmiae: Werner, 1702; [https://litteraturbanken.se/författare/HolmTC/titlar/NyaSwerige/sida/VII/faksimil textus] – Thomas Campanius Holm; Peter S. Du Ponceau, ed., ''Description of the Province of New Sweden''. Philadelphiae: McCarty & Davis, 1834; [https://archive.org/details/descriptionofpro00holm Textus] * 1703 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Nomenclator Classicus''. 4a ed. 1703 {{Google Books|gVFgAAAAcAAJ|p. 38}} * 1703 : Iosephus Browne, ed., ''[[Theodorus Mayernius|Theo. Turquet Mayernii]] ... Opera medica''. Londinii, 1703 {{Google Books|EvRbAAAAcAAJ|pp. 65, 177}} * 1704 : {{ec|id=Dictionnaire universel (1704)|c=''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin'' (Trévoux: E. Ganeau) {{Google Books|FdKbUYT-TdoC|vol. 1 s.v. "Amelette"}}, {{Google Books|FdKbUYT-TdoC|vol. 1 s.v. "Aumelette"}} {{{Google Books|cSB28sfaAE8C|vol. 2}} {{Google Books|FdKbUYT-TdoC|vol. 3 s.v. "Omelette"}}}} * 1705 : {{ec|id=Dale (1705)|c={{Creanda|en|Samuel Dale (physician)|Samuel Dale}}, ''Pharmacologiae, seu manuductionis ad materiam medicam, supplementum'' (1705) p. 184 {{Google Books|TapdAAAAcAAJ|cf. editio 1718 p. 193}}}} * 1705 : {{Creanda|fr|Charles de Saint-Évremond|Sancteuremondus}}, ''Oeuvres meslées'' (Londinii: Tonson, 1705) {{GB|6wv7uLCSHiwC|vol. 1}} {{GB|e3rGj2_xGPEC|vol. 2 pars 1 p. 36}} {{Google Books|yj9tGOFo8TAC|vol. 2 pars 2}} * 1706 : "[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: a discourse of sallets]]" in [[Ioannes Evelyn|John Evelyn]], ''[[Sylva (Evelyn)|Silva, or a discourse of forest-trees and the propagation of timber in His Majesty's dominions]]'' (4a ed. Londinii, 1706) [https://archive.org/details/b30414155/page/130/mode/2up pars 2 pp. 131-213] * 1707 : [[Ioannes Christophorus Becmanus]], ''Historia orbis terrarum geographica et civilis''. 6a ed. 1707 {{Google Books|F4dBAAAAcAAJ|p. 420}} * 1707-1725 : [[Ioannes Sloane|Hans Sloane]], ''A Voyage to the Islands Madera, Barbadoes, Nieves, S. Christophers and Jamaica'' (2 voll. Londinii, 1707–1725) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/11242#page/411/mode/1up vol. 1 p. 240], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/11241#page/401/mode/1up vol. 2 p. 378] * 1709 : ''Ein neues und nutzbahres Koch-Buch: in welchem zu finden, wie man verschiedene herrliche und wohl-schmäckende Speisen bereiten solle''. Lipsiae: Thomas Fritschen (Winfried Fischer, Klaus-Peter Wende, edd., ''Ein neues und nutzbahres Koch-Buch''. Rosenheimer Verlagshaus, 1976) {{Google Books|6Pyg7i2dQiIC|Editio 1976}} * 1711 : Charles Lockyer, ''An account of the trade in India''. Londinii, 1711 [https://archive.org/details/pli.kerala.rare.11854/ Textus] * 1711 : [[Ioannes Chardin|Jean Chardin]], ''Voyages de Monsieur le chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l'Orient''. 3 vols. Amstelodami: Jean Louis de l'Orme, 1711 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gal_ark_12148_bpt6k10503900 vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/bub_gal_ark_12148_bpt6k1050392t 2], [https://archive.org/details/bub_gal_ark_12148_bpt6k1050394n 3] (fullest edition) * 1712 : {{ec|id=Kaempfer (1712)|c=[[Engelbertus Kaempfer]], ''Amoenitatum exoticarum politico-physico-medicarum fasciculi V'' [https://archive.org/details/b30500606_0001/page/836/mode/2up pp. 837-840]}} * 1713 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Synopsis methodica avium et piscium: opus posthumum''. Londini. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_d5NnSulin5oC Textus] * 1714 : Mary Kettilby, ''{{Creanda|en|A collection of above three hundred receipts in cookery, physick and surgery}}'' (Londinii, 1714) [https://archive.org/details/b30514976_0001/page/42/mode/2up p. 43] * 1717 : [[Paulus Hermannus]], ''Musaeum Zeylanicum''. Lugduni Batavorum: Isaacus Severinus, 1717 {{Google Books|JQ2Cw8x_8l0C|p. 61}}; {{GB|z0U-AAAAcAAJ|p. 61 editionis 1726}} * 1718 : ''Mrs. Mary Eales's receipts''. London: at Mr. Cooper's; [https://archive.org/details/b33020784/page/88/mode/2up Textus] * 1719 : Giovanni Francesco Upezzinghi, ''Il cuoco in villa''. Urbini, 1719 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_7WS5bUYnlckC Textus] * 1719 : ''Histoire naturelle du cacao, et du sucre''. Lutetiae: Laurent d'Houry {{Google Books|EHuU46ZlOoIC|p. 135}} * 1721 : {{ec|id=Dictionnaire universel (1721)|c="Amelette, Aumelette, Omelette" in ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin'' (Trévoux: F. Delaulne) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k509621/f196 vol. 1 col. 338], [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k50963c vol. 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k50964q 3] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k316749f 4] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k50966d 5]]}} * c. 1722 : [[Franciscus Ximénez de Quesada]], ''Historia natural de la provincia de San Vicente de Chiapas y Guatemala'' * 1722 : {{ec|id=Labat (1722)|c=[[Ioannes Baptista Labat|Jean Baptiste Labat]], ''Nouveau voyage aux isles de l'Amerique'' (6 voll. Lutetiae: Théodore Le Gras, 1722) [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyageaux01laba_0/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyageaux02laba_0/ 2] [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyageaux03laba_0/ 3] [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyageaux04laba_0/ 4] [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyageaux05laba_0/ 5] [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyageaux06laba_0/ 6] }} * 1723 : John Nott, ''The Cooks and Confectioners Dictionary'' (1723) [https://archive.org/details/cooksandconfect00nottgoog/page/n399/mode/2up 152: To dress pikes a la Sainte Robert] ("make your Sauce Robert in the following manner") * 1723-1735 : Aerae Yongzheng ''Chorographia Shandong'' (山东通志): 秦椒，色红有子与花椒味俱辛 ("Pipera ''qin'' colore rubra, granis plena, tam calida quam [[zanthoxyli fructus]]") * ante 1725 : Henry Barham, ''Hortus Americanus'' (Kingston Iamaicae, 1794) [https://archive.org/details/b29319870/page/30/mode/2up pp. 30-31] * 1725 : Noël Chomel; R. Bradley, ed., ''Dictionaire oeconomique, or The family dictionary''. Londinii: D. Midwinter, 1725 {{Google Books|iXIiAQAAMAAJ|s.v. Civet}} * 1726 : {{ec|id=Sanfelicius (1726)|c=Antonius Sanfelicius, ''Campania notis illustrata''. Neapoli: Johannes-Franciscus Paci {{Google Books|Y4UqAO-bSwIC|pp. 121-123}}}} * 1727 : {{ec|id=Smith (1729)|c=[[Eliza Smith]], ''The Compleat Housewife''. Londinii {{Google Books|h_ZAAQAAMAAJ|3a ed. 1729}} [https://www.loc.gov/item/48039324/ 4a ed. 1730] [https://archive.org/details/b30498090_0001 6a ed. 1734] {{Google Books|7OJQAQAAIAAJ|9a ed. 1739}} [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=evans;idno=N04107.0001.001 Editio interretialis editonis Virginianae 1742]}} * 1727 : [[Alexander Hamilton (nauta)|Alexander Hamilton]], ''A new account of the East Indies''. 2 voll. Edinburgi, 1727 {{GB|1ombp1gBqKsC|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|2YCoCwtJd1gC|vol. 2}} -- 2a ed. Londinii, 1739 -- [3a ed.] 2 voll. Londinii, 1743; [https://archive.org/details/anewaccounteast01hamigoog/page/n7/mode/2up vol. 1]; vol. 2 pp. [https://archive.org/details/anewaccounteast00hamigoog/page/n55/mode/2up 42], [https://archive.org/details/anewaccounteast00hamigoog/page/n205/mode/2up 193] ("cod-pepper") -- Editio 1930 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.503139/page/n9/mode/2up vol. 2] -- Impressio 1995 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278509/page/n3/mode/2up vol. 1] * 1727 : [[Ricardus Bradley|Richard Bradley]], ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii, 1727?; {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] * 1731-1754 : {{ec|id=Zedler|c=Johann Heinrich Zedler, ed., ''Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste'' [https://www.zedler-lexikon.de/index.html?c=zedlerinfo&l=de editio interretialis]}} * 1733 : Sarah Harrison, ''The house-keeper's pocket-book, and compleat family cook''. Londinii {{Google Books|8z-xmsHoqPQC|2a ed. 1739}} {{GB|yE3ncQhWcEsC|"3a ed." Dublini, 1738}} {{GB|77FH9N99Yk4C|5a ed., 1751}} {{GB|rYcEAAAAYAAJ|7th ed., 1760}} * 1733 : {{ec|id=La Chapelle (1733)|c=[[Vincentius La Chapelle|Vincent La Chapelle]], ''The Modern Cook'' (3 voll. Londinii: Nicolas Prevost, 1733) [https://archive.org/details/moderncook01lach vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/moderncook02lach 2] [https://archive.org/details/moderncook03lach 3]}} * 1735 : {{ec|id=La Chapelle (1735)|c=[[Vincentius La Chapelle|Vincent La Chapelle]], ''Le cuisinier moderne'' (4 voll. Hagae Comitum, 1735) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1042599r vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1042601c 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k10426036 3] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k10426051 4]}} * 1735 : {{ec|id=Alpinus, ed. Veslingius (1735)|c=[[Prosper Alpinus]]; Ioannes Veslingius, ed., ''Prosperi Alpini ... Historiae Aegypti naturalis pars prima [... secunda]'' (1735) [https://archive.org/details/prosperialpinima11735alpi/page/228/mode/2up p. 229]}} * 1737 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ''A Compleat Collection of English Proverbs; also the most celebrated proverbs of the Scotch, Italian, French, Spanish, and other languages ... A Collection of English Words''. Londinii: J. Hughs {{Google Books|VuhDAAAAcAAJ}} * 1737 : [[Carolus Linnaeus]], ''Critica Botanica'' (Lugduni Batavorum, 1737) [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/11541/?offset=#page=107&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q= p. 91] [http://linnean-online.org/120000/ alibi] * 1737 : [[Carolus Linnaeus]], ''[[Hortus Cliffortianus]]''. Amstelodami [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/690 Textus] * 1737 : [[Ioannes Burmannus]], ''Thesaurus Zeylanicus''. Amstelaedami: apud Janssonio-Waesbergios & Salomonem Schouten [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/734 Textus] * 1738 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ed., ''Travels through the Low Countries ... vol. 1'', ''A Collection of Curious Travels and Voyages ... vol. 2''. 2a ed. Londinii: J. Walthoe [etc.] [https://archive.org/details/travelsthroughlo01rayj vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/travelsthroughlo02rayj vol. 2] * 1738 : Joseph Pitts, ''A faithful account of the religion and manners of the Mahometans'' (4a ed. Londinii: Longman, 1738) {{Google Books|swthAAAAcAAJ|pp. 23-24}} * 1738 : Thomas Shaw, ''Travels, or observations relating to several parts of Barbary and the Levant'' (Oxoniae, 1738) [https://archive.org/details/travelsorobserva00shaw/page/n15/mode/2up p. v] * 1738 : [[Carolus Linnaeus]], ''Classes plantarum'' * 1738 : Petrus Artedus, ''Synonymia nominum piscium fere omnium''. Lugduni Batavorum: aopud Conradum Wishoff, 1738 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97177c/ Textus] cf. 1793 * 1739 : {{ec|Menon (1739)|Menon, ''Nouveau traité de la cuisine''. Lutetiae [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1511758k vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1511760n 2] apud Gallica}} * 1739 : {{ec|Marin (1739)|[[Franciscus Marin|François Marin]], ''Les Dons de Comus''. Lutetiae: Prault, 1739 {{Google Books|DhH_o1xyRaMC}}}} * 1740 : ''Le Cuisinier gascon''. Lutetiae [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1511832p Textus] * 1742 : {{ec|Marin (1742)|[[Franciscus Marin|François Marin]], ''Suite des Dons de Comus''. 3 voll. Lutetiae: veuve Pissot, 1742 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1512116g vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15121189 vol. 2] apud Gallica {{Google Books|7yA_clSTZc0C|vol. 3}}}} * 1742 : {{ec|Menon (1742)|[Menon], ''La Nouvelle Cuisine ... continuation au Nouveau traité de la cuisine''. Lutetiae {{Google Books|9YU7AAAAcAAJ}}}} * 1742 : [[Vincentius La Chapelle|Vincent La Chapelle]], ''Le cuisinier moderne'' (2a ed. 5 voll. Hagae Comitum, 1742) [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermode04chapgoog vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermode01chapgoog 2] [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermode00chapgoog 3] [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermode02chapgoog 4] [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermode03chapgoog 5] * 1742 : {{ec|id=Labat (1742)|c=[[Ioannes Baptista Labat|Jean Baptiste Labat]], ''Nouveau voyage aux isles de l'Amerique'' (Lutetiae: Théodore Le Gras, 1742) [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyagea02laba/page/228/mode/2up pp. 228-229]}} * 1742 : Savary des Bruslons, ''Dictionnaire universel de commerce, d'histoire naturelle et des arts et métiers''. Nova ed. Genavae {{Google Books|XEgOLE6F52IC|vol. 2 coll. 272-273}} ("Poivre de Guinée") * 1743 : ''Voyages de Monsr. Shaw, M. D. dans plusieurs provinces de la Barbarie et du Levant'' (2 voll. Hagae Comitum: Neaulme, 1743) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JnvRiNp8-AEC vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_GTXTRek7HHQC 2] * 1745 : [[Ioannes Altamiras|Juan Altamiras]], ''Nuevo arte de la cocina española'' * 1745 : {{Rumphius}} vol. 5 p. 247 et tab. 88; cf. {{Merrill}} [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38882613#page/470/mode/1up p. 462] * 1746 : Menon, ''La Cuisinière bourgeoise''. Lutetiae [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1512126v Textus] aud Gallica; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9793731w ed. 1748] {{Google Books|DpNhwxHGEcEC|ed. 1750}} {{Google Books|4CGDiYkKP1kC|ed. 1769}} * 1747 : {{ec|id=Glasse (1747)|c=[[Anna Glasse|Hannah Glasse]], ''[[The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy]]'' (Londinii, 1747) [https://archive.org/details/artofcookerymade00glas/page/130/mode/2up pp. 130-131] ("To pickle mackrel, call'd caveach")}} * 1747 : Jacques-Philibert Rousselot de Surgy, ''Histoire generale des voyages''. Lutetiae: Didot {{Google Books|M5gm9gXcGA4C|vol. 12 p. 436}} ("Côte de Malaguette: ... La dernière espèce de poivre qui s'appelle ice piment, et qui porte en Europe le nom de poivre d'Espagne croît en abondance sur la Côte. Il y a deux sortes de piment, le grand et le petit, tous deux verds d'abord; mais le petit prend ensuite un fort beau rouge, et le grand tourne sur le noir ... Le piment confit au vinaigre ou au jus de limon passe pour un excellent stomachique") * 1748 : {{ec|id=Behr (1748)|c=Georg Heinrich Behr, ''Zwey Bücher Von der Materia medica''. Argentorati {{Google Books|P_JaAAAAcAAJ|p. 506}} ("''Vinum Andegaviense'' oder ''Vin d'Anjou'')}} * 1748-1799 : [[Georgius Washingtonius]], ''[[Georgii Washingtonii Ephemerides|Diaries]]'' (Donald Jackson, Dorothy Twohig, edd., ''The Diaries of George Washington'' vol. 4, 1784-1786 [Charlottesville, 1978] [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mgw/mgwd/wd04/wd04.pdf diebus 13 et 28 Iunii 1785]) * 1749 : ''[[L'Ecole du jardin potager]]''. Lutetiae [https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/doi/10.3931/e-rara-21828 Textus] apud ''e-Rara'' * 1749 : [Menon], ''La Science du maître d'hôtel cuisinier''. Lutetiae [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k54549881 Textus]; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15119766 ed. 1768] apud Gallica == 1751-1800 == * 1751 : Joseph Gilliers, ''Le cannameliste français''. Nancy; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15120483 textus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30410095/ editio 1768] * 1752 : "Brasilien-Pfeffer" in Carl Günther Ludovici, ''Eröffnete Akademie der Kaufleute, oder vollständiges Kaufmanns-Lexicon'' vol. 1 (Lipsiae, 1752) {{Google Books|dbxRAAAAcAAJ|coll. 2091-2095}} * 1753 : {{ec|id=Linnaeus (1753)|c={{Linnaeus SP|185}}}} * 1753 : {{ec|id=Höjer (1753)|c= [[Iohannes Christianus Höjer|Johannes Christ. Höjer]]; [[Carolus Linnaeus]], ed., ''Demonstrationes plantarum in horto Upsaliensi'' (Upsaliae, 1753) {{Google Books|hGpQAAAAcAAJ|p. 3 nota subiuncta}} (alia editione [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k98436v/f9.item p. 401 nota subiuncta]) }} * 1753-1761 : [[Petrus Kalm|Pehr Kalm]], ''En resa til Norra America'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/35535 Textus] * 1755 : [[Ioannes Fridericus Gronovius|Iohannes Fredericus Gronovius]], ''Flora orientalis, sive recensio plantarum, quas ... [[Leonhartus Rauwolfius|Leonhardus Rauwolffus]] ... annis 1573-1574 et 1575 in Syria, Arabia, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, Assyria, Armenia & Iudaea crescentes observavit''. Lugduni Batavorum: de Groot [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10302832-1 Textus] * 1755 : {{ec|Menon (1755)|Menon, ''[[Les Soupers de la cour]]''. 4 voll. Lutetiae: Guillyn, 1755 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6468593p vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64685943 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6463215w 3] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64524528 4] apud Gallica; {{GB|yzE7AAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|QTI7AAAAcAAJ|2}} {{GB|VDI7AAAAcAAJ|3}} {{Google Books|dTI7AAAAcAAJ|4}}; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1511948w ed. 1778 vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1511950z 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15119781 3]}} * 1755 : {{ec|id=Glasse (1755)|c=[[Anna Glasse|Hannah Glasse]], ''[[The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy]]'' (5a ed. Londinii, 1755) [https://archive.org/details/b30501842/page/334/mode/2up p. 334] ("To make India pickle")}} * 1756 : [[Carolus Linnaeus]], ''Centuria II. Plantarum ...'' (Upsaliae, 1756) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36017975#page/14/mode/1up pp. 10-11] * 1756 : Mrs. Martha Bradley, ''The British housewife''. 2 vols. London [1758]; [https://archive.org/details/b30528574_0001/page/n5/mode/2up vol. 1]; [https://archive.org/details/b30528574_0002/page/n5/mode/2up vol. 2] (first published as part-work in 1756, then in 2 vols in 1758, says Lehmann; older sources say 1760 and even 1770) * 1757 : ''Hygiene dogmatico-practica rationem conservandae sanitatis corporis humani ... exponens''. Francofurti: Gaum {{Google Books|YN6CCrfVIlMC|p. 199}} * 1757 : {{ec|id=Hill (1757)|c=John Hill, ''Eden, or a compleat body of gardening'' (Londinii: Osborne, 1757) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000809647/page/n64/mode/1up p. 47]}} * 1757 : [[Ricardus Bentley|Richard Bentley]], interpr.; [[Horatius Walpole|Horace Walpole]], ed. [[Paulus Hentznerus]], ''A Journey into England by Paul Hentzner in the year MDXCVIII''. Strawberry Hill. [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125011039175 Textus] * 1758 : Juan Altamiras, ''Nuevo arte de cocina''. Barcinone: Bezàres, 1758 [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000098942 Textus] * 1758 : {{ec|id=Glasse (1758)|c=[[Anna Glasse|Hannah Glasse]], ''[[The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy]]''. 6a ed. Londinii {{Google Books|8I9cAAAAcAAJ|pp. 353, 374}} ("How to make mead; To make white mead")}} * 1758 : [Menon], ''Cuisine et office de santé''. Lutetiae [1757] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15117649 Textus] apud Gallica {{Google Books|vNlQAQAAIAAJ}} * 1758 : {{ec|id=Dombi (1758)|c=Samuel Dombi, ''Dissertatio inauguralis physico-chemico-medica de vino Tokaiensi''. Traiecti ad Rhenum: Broedelet {{Google Books|afpAAQAAMAAJ}}}} * 1759 : [[Carolus Linnaeus]], ''Amoenitates academicae'' vol. 4 (Holmiae, 1759) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15496#page/310/mode/1up p. 307] * 1759 : William Verral, ''A complete system of cookery'' (London, 1759) [https://archive.org/details/completesystemof00verr/page/234/mode/2up pp. 235-240] ("The best method of dissecting, preparing and dressing of a turtle") * 1759: Israel Acrelius, ''Beskrifning om de Svenska Församlingars forna och närvarande tillstånd uti det så kallade Nya Sverige''. Stockholm: Harberg & Hesselberg, 1759; [https://archive.org/details/beskrifningomdes00acre textus] (p. 167: " ... Pungpeppar ... " – Israel Acrelius; William M. Reynolds, ed., A history of New Sweden, or The settlements on the river Delaware. Philadelphia, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1874; [https://archive.org/details/historyofnewswed00acre/ textus] * 1762-1778 : Christopher Sauer, "Kurtzgefasstes Kräuterbuch" (William Woys Weaver, interpr., ''Sauer's Herbal Cures: America's First Book of Botanic Healing, 1762-1778'' [Novi Eboraci: Routledge, 2001]) {{Google Books|OAMA51H9tfUC|Paginae selectae}} * 1763 : Jean-Antoine Bruletout de Préfontaine, ''Maison rustique à l'usage des habitans de ... Cayenne''. Paris: Bauche,, 1763 {{Google Books|0SAaAAAAYAAJ}} [https://journals.openedition.org/rsh/1089 De hoc opere] * 1763 : Francisco Martínez Montiño, ''Arte de cocina, pastelerìa, vizcocherìa, y conserverìa''. Matriti, 1763 [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000202557 Textus]; [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000091117 Textus editionis 1822] * 1764-1767 : J. de Blainville, ''Reisebeschreibung durch Holland, Oberdeutschland und die Schweiz, besonders aber durch Italien''. 4 voll. in 8 fascc. Lemgo: Meyer [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366570 1.i] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366571 1.ii] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366572 2.i] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366573 2.ii] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366574 3.i] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11450065 3.ii] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366576 4.i] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366577 4.ii] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366578 5]; alia exemplaria [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11222371 1] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11222372 2] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11222373 3] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11222374 4] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11222375 5] * 1765 : Louis de Chambray, ''L'Art de cultiver les pommiers, les poiriers et de faire des cidres selon l'usage de la Normandie''. Lutetiae: chez Ganeau [http://www.bmlisieux.com/normandie/chambray.htm Textus] * 1766-1824 : [[Thomas Jeffersonius|Thomas Ieffersonius]], ''[[Thomas Ieffersonii Liber hortensis|Garden Book]]'' (Edwin Morris Betts, ed., ''Thomas Jefferson's Garden Book 1766-1824'' [Philadelphiae: American Philosophical Society, 1944] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.503395/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'') * 1766 : John Mills, ''A new system of practical husbandry'' vol. 4. London, 1766 {{Google Books|vTc7AAAAcAAJ|pp. 159-161}} ("Capsicum" ... ) * 1767 : Ioannes Michael Schosulan, ''Dissertatio inauguralis medica De vinis''. Viennae [Vindobonae]: Trattnern, 1767 {{Google Books|emg5AAAAcAAJ}} * 1767 : ''Dictionnaire portatif de cuisine, d'office et de distillation''. Lutetiae: Vincent, 1767 {{Google Books|-HA9AAAAcAAJ}} * 1768 : [[Philippus Miller|Philip Miller]], ''The Gardener's Dictionary''. 8a ed. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/b30454190/page/n214/mode/1up s.v. "Capsicum" ad finem] ("Cayan butter, or what the inhabitants of America call Pepper-pots") * 1768 : {{ec|id=Burmannus (1768)|c=[[Nicolaus Laurentius Burmannus]], ''Flora Indica'' (Lugduni Batavorum: Haek, 1768) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39900544#page/147/mode/1up p. 57]}} * 1768 : M. Emy, ''L'art de bien faire les glaces d'office''. Paris [https://archive.org/details/lartdebienfairel00emym_0/ Textus] * 1769 : [[Ioannes Fridericus Zückert]], ''Materia alimentaria.'' Berolini: Augustus Mylius {{Google Books|zbVEAAAAcAAJ|pp. 341-353}} * 1769 : [[Elizabeth Raffald]],<ref>Roy Shipperbottom, "Elizabeth Raffald (1733-1781)" in Harlan Walker, ed., ''Cooks and other people: proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery'' (Totenais: Prospect Books, 1996) {{Google Books|lpOqTUucwhUC|pp. 233-236}} </ref> ''The experienced English housekeeper''. Mancunii [https://archive.org/details/b30522134/ Textus] [https://archive.org/details/b2150541x/ editio 1798] * 1770 : Harriott Horry, ''Receipt Book'' (Richard J. Hooker, ed., ''A Colonial Plantation Cookbook: the Receipt Book of Harriott Pinckney Horry''. University of South Carolina Press, 1984) p.58 ("to caveach mackrel") {{Google Books|feG7xCABZ44C|Paginae selectae}} * 1770 : Lieutaud, interpr., ''Précis de la matiere médicale''. Nova ed. Lutetiae: Didot, 1770 [https://archive.org/details/b30535967_0001 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/b30535967_0002 vol. 2] * 1770-1776 : [[Nicolaus Iosephus Jacquin]], ''Hortus botanicus Vindobonensis'' (Vindobonae: typis Leopoldi Joannis Kaliwoda aulae imperialis typographi, 1770-1776) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10249 vol. 1] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10250 vol. 2] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10251 vol. 3] * 1771 : {{ec|id=Linnaeus (1771)|c=[[Carolus Linnaeus]], ''Mantissa plantarum altera'' (Holmiae: impensis Laurentii Salvii, 1771) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42945260#page/73/mode/1up p. 205]}} * 1771 : Bolton Glanvill Corney, interpr., ''The Voyage of Captain Don Felipe Gonzalez in the Ship of the Line San Lorenzo ... to Easter Island in 1770-1'' (Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1908) [https://archive.org/details/voyagecaptaindo01haedgoog/page/n217/mode/2up p. 121] (Easter Island: "They gave the people of the said launch plantains, Chili peppers, sweet potatoes and fowls") * 1772 : "Piment, ou Poivre d'Inde, ou Poivre de Guinée" in ''Le grand vocabulaire françois''. Lutetiae: Panckouck {{Google Books|ESMMLLF2870C|vol. 22 col. 167-168}} ("On la cultive beaucoup dans les pays chauds, comme en Espagne, au Portugal et dans les provinces méridionales du Royaume [de France]") * 1773 : Vincenzo Corrado, ''Il cuoco galante''. Neapoli, 1773 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__Hov_shu2IgC/page/n3/mode/2up Textus] [https://archive.org/details/b21532497 3a ed. 1786] [https://archive.org/details/b22008561/ 6a ed. 1820] (fons nominis Latini) * 1774: Edward Long, ''History of Jamaica''. 3 v. London: Lowndes [https://archive.org/details/historyofjamaica01long vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/historyofjamaica02long/ 2] [https://archive.org/details/historyofjamaica03long_0 3] * 1775 : Cristoforo Pilati, "Aggiunta sopra il formentone" in [[Augustinus Gallus|Agostino Gallo]], ''[[De recto agrorum cultu et voluptate rustica|Le venti giornate dell' agricoltura e de'piaceri della villa]]'' (nova editio. Brixiae) {{Google Books|je4jxXNpeLYC|pp. 533-558}} * 1775 : [[Petrus Forskål]], ''Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica'' (Hauniae: ex officina Mölleri, 1775) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122#page/205/mode/1up centuria ii p. 47] * 1778 : Emanuel Mendes da Costa, ''Historia naturalis testaceorum Britanniæ, or, The British conchology''. Londinii: Millan [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13116783 Textus] {{Google Books|5n9lAAAAcAA}} * 1778 : [[Vincentius Corradus|Vincenzo Corrado]], ''Credenziere di buon gusto''. Neapoli, 1778; [https://archive.org/details/b3041197x Textus] * ante 1779 : Dom Denise; [[Marcus Lastri|Marco Lastri]], interpr., ''[[Delle viti e dei vini di Borgogna]]: memoria di un monaco cisterciense tradotta in italiano sur un manoscritto franzese''. Florentiae: Gaetano Cambiagi, 1779 {{Google Books|mTHnIWPFh8IC}} * 1779-1784 : [[Dominicus Sestini]], ''Lettere del signor abate Domenico Sestini scritte dalla Sicilia e dalla Turchia a diversi suoi amici in Toscana''. 7 voll. Florentiae etc., 1779-1784 * 1781 : [[Vincentius Corradus|Vincenzo Corrado]], ''Del cibo pitagorico''. Neapoli, 1781 [https://archive.org/details/b2877856x/ Textus] * 1781-1805 : {{ec|id=Rozier (1781-1805)|c=Abbé Rozier, ''Cours d'agriculture'' (12 voll. Lutetiae, 1781-1805) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6vHvDhT7xc8C/page/n225/mode/2up vol. 8 pp. 176-178] [[:s:fr:Cours d’agriculture (Rozier)|textus apud Vicifontem]]}} * 1782 : [[Petrus Sonnerat|Pierre Sonnerat]], ''Voyage aux Indes Orientales'' (Lutetiae) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1518236f vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15182388/f351 vol. 2 pp. 230-231, tab. 129] ("Le litchi, ''Litchi chinensis''") * 1782 : [[Petrus Le Grand d'Aussy|Le Grand d'Aussy]], ''Histoire de la vie privée des français depuis l'origine de la nation jusqu'à nos jours''. 3 voll. Lutetiae: Pierres, 1782 [https://archive.org/details/b2152550x_0001 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/b2152550x_0002 2] [https://archive.org/details/b2152550x_0003 3] * 1782 : [[Georgius Colman|George Colman]], "Prologue to the new comedy of the ''East-Indian''" in ''The Lady's Magazine'' vol. 13, 1782 {{Google Books|RJtPAQAAMAAJ|p. 383}}; George Colman, ''Prose upon Several Occasions'' vol. 3 (1787) [https://archive.org/details/proseonseveraloc03colmuoft/page/234/mode/2up p. 235] * 1783 : John Farley, ''The London Art of Cookery''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/b2152984x/page/144/mode/2up 2a ed. (1784) pp. 144-145] [https://archive.org/details/b29351145 12th ed. (1811)] * 1783 : William Marsden, ''The History of Sumatra''. Londinii, 1783 {{Google Books|GORBAQAAMAAJ}} * 1784 : {{ec|id=Plenck (1784)|c=[[Iosephus Iacobus Plenck]], ''Bromatologia seu doctrina de esculentis et potulentis.'' Viennae [i.e. Vindobonae]: Graeffer {{Google Books|RDpfAAAAcAAJ|p. 401}} "vinum Graecum di Somma"}} * 1785 : Christoph Gottlieb von Murr, ''Reisen einiger Missionarien der Gesellschaft Jesu in Amerika''. Norimbergae, 1785 {{Google Books|8748AAAAcAAJ|p. 519}} * 1787 : [[Thomas Jeffersonius|Thomas Jefferson]], ''[[Memorandums Taken on a Journey from Paris into the Southern Parts of France and Northern of Italy]]'' (Julian P. Boyd, ed., ''[[The Papers of Thomas Jefferson]] vol. 11, 1 January–6 August 1787'' [Princetoniae: Princeton University Press, 1955] pp. 415–464) [https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-11-02-0389#TSJN-01-11-0389-ks-9901 textus]; [https://www.loc.gov/item/mtjbib002614/ manuscriptum] * 1788 : {{Creanda|sv|Olof Swartz|Olavus Swartz|Olof Swartz}}, ''Nova genera et species plantarum, seu Prodromus descriptionum vegetabilium'' (Holmiae: in bibliopoliis M. Swederi, 1788) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/376766#page/55/mode/1up p. 47] * 1788 : Richard Briggs, ''The English Art of Cookery''. Londinii: G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1788 {{Google Books|zZIEAAAAYAAJ}}; editio Philadelphiae 1792, titulo ''The new art of cookery, according to the present practice'' [https://www.loc.gov/item/44013935/ Textus]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=evans;cc=evans;rgn=div2;view=toc;idno=N18606.0001.001;node=N18606.0001.001:6.2 recensio interretialis] * 1789 : [[Dominicus Sestini]]; Pingeron, interpr., ''Lettres de Monsieur l'Abbé Dominique Sestini écrites à ses amis en Toscane, pendant le cours de ses voyages en Italie, en Sicile et en Turquie, sur l'histoire naturelle, l'industrie & le commerce de ces différentes contrées'' (Lutetiae: veuve Duchesne & fils, 1789) {{Google Books|q_sOAAAAQAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|tba3qNX6vcgC|vol. 2}} {{GB|gPBaAAAAQAAJ|vol. 3}}; cf. 1779-1784 * 1770 : [[Iacobus Bruce|James Bruce]], ''Travels to discover the source of the Nile'' (5 voll. Londinii, 1790 [https://archive.org/details/travelstodiscov01bruc/page/n11/mode/2up 1] [https://archive.org/details/travelstodiscov02bruc/mode/2up 3] [https://archive.org/details/travelstodiscov04bruc/mode/2up 4]) [https://archive.org/details/travelstodiscov03bruc/mode/2up vol. 2 pp. 303, 393], [https://archive.org/details/travelstodiscov05bruc/page/n151/mode/2up vol. 5 p. 77] * 1790 : [[Casimirus Gomezius Ortega]], ed., ''Francisci Hernandi, medici atque historici Philippi II, hispan. et indiar. Regis, et totius novi orbis archiatri opera cum edita tum inedita, ad autographi fidem''. 3 voll. (Matriti: ex typographia Ibarrae heredum) {{Google Books|ujT4W9CZuY8C|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|0foeAAAAYAAJ|vol. 2}} {{Google Books|tB4fAAAAYAAJ|vol. 3}} * 1790 : [[Ioannes de Loureiro]], ''Flora cochinchinensis, sistens plantas in regno Cochinchina nascentes''. Ulyssipone: typis academicis, 1790 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/560#/summary vol. 1, vol. 2] * 1790 : {{ec|id=Pulteney (1790)|c={{Creanda|en|Richard Pulteney|Ricardus Pulteney|Richard Pulteney}}, ''Historical and Biographical Sketches of the Progress of Botany in England'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184335#page/97/mode/1up vol. 1 pp. 71-72] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184336#page/9/mode/1up vol. 2] }} * 1792 : Francis Collingwood, John Woollams, ''The Universal Cook'' (Londinii, 1792) [https://archive.org/details/b2152970x/page/178/mode/2up p. 179] * 1793 : ''L'arte di far cucina di buon gusto''. Taurinis [https://archive.org/details/b28765552 Textus] * 1793 : [[Bryan Edwards]], ''The history, civil and commercial, of the British colonies in the West Indies'' (Londinii: Stockdale, 1793) [https://archive.org/details/historyciviland00brougoog vol. 1] {{Google Books|_70NAAAAQAAJ|vol. 2}}; 3a ed. 1801 [https://archive.org/details/historycivilcomm01edwa_0 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/civilcommercialo02edwa 2] [https://archive.org/details/historycivilcomm03edwa_0 3] * 1793 : Petrus Artedus, ''Synonymia nominum piscium fere omnium''. 2a ed. Grypeswaldiae: Rose, 1793 (in interrete reperienda) * 1794 : Henry Barham, ''Hortus Americanus''. Kingston Iamaicae, 1794 [https://archive.org/details/b29319870 Textus] * 1794 : Francis Collingwood, John Woollams; Fridericus Gotthelf Baumgärtner, interpr., ''Neues Londner Kochbuch''. Lipsiae, 1794 {{Google Books|kqlgAAAAcAAJ|p. 220}} * 1794 : {{Creanda|de|Ignaz Pfefferkorn|Ignatius Pfefferkorn|Ignaz Pfefferkorn}}, ''Beschreibung der Landschaft Sonora'' (Coloniae, 1794) [https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN887843468?tify=%7B"pages"%3A%5B78%2C79%5D%2C"view"%3A"export"%7D vol. 1 pp. 59-63] {{Google Books|2BvEmHRIme4C|vol. 2}} * 1795 : {{ec|id=Schrader et Wendland (1795)|c=[[Henricus Adolphus Schrader]], [[Ioannes Christophorus Wendland]], ''Sertum Hannoveranum'' (Goettingae, 1795-1798) [http://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/resolve?PPN=742569349 Tab ii textus, tab. ii imago]}} * 1795-1819 : [[Gulielmus Roxburgh|William Roxburgh]]; Joseph Banks, ed., ''Plants of the coast of Coromandel'' (Londinii: Nicol) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/467 Textus] * 1796 : [[Amelia Simmons]], ''American cookery''. Printed by Hudson & Goodwin for the Author, 1796 [https://www.loc.gov/item/96126967/ Textus] [https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/1 editio 1798] * 1796 : [[Yuan Mei]], ''[[Praecepta ex horto plenitudinis|Suiyuan shidan]]'' (Wolfram Eberhard, interpr., "Die chinesische Küche. Die Kochkunst des Herrn von Sui-Yüan" in ''Sinica'' vol. 15 (1940) pp. 190–228; Sean J. S. Chen, ed. et interpr., ''Recipes from the Garden of Contentment'' [Great Barrington Massachusettensium: Berkshire Publishing, 2018] {{Google Books|iGi9DwAAQBAJ|p. 11}} [https://wayoftheeating.wordpress.com/order-of-translation/ textus praeliminaris]) * 1796 : William Spavens, ''The seaman's narrative'' (Louth, 1796) [https://archive.org/details/seamansnarrative00spav/page/200/mode/2up p. 200] (Antigua: "Here is also variety of roots and vegetables, such as yams, sweet potatoes, pompions, water-melons, musk-melons, ockery, and calalu, also spice, such as cod-pepper, cayan pepper, &c."] * 1797 : {{ec|id=Plenck (1797)|c=[[Iosephus Iacobus Plenck]], ''Bromatologia seu doctrina de esculentis et potulentis.'' Lovanii: van Overbeke {{Google Books|6YREAAAAcAAJ|pp. 318-332}} prefer 1784}} * 1797 : [[Ludovicus Sebastianus Mercier|Louis-Sébastien Mercier]], ''Le nouveau Paris'' (Lutetiae: Fuchs, 1797) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64572183 vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64383950 vol. 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6438369h/f116 vol. 3 pp. 108-110] * 1797 : [[Thomas Andreas Knight|T. A. Knight]], ''A Treatise on the Culture of the Apple and Pear and on the manufacture of cider and perry''. Ludlow: H. Procter {{Google Books|Km8FAAAAQAAJ|Textus}} [http://www.archive.org/details/atreatiseoncult01kniggoog Editio 1801 apud archive.org] * 1797 : {{ec|id=Polwhele (1797)|c=Richard Polwhele, ''The History of Devonshire'' (Londinii, 1797-1806) vol. 1 p. 82 }} * 1797 : [[Carolus Ludovicus Willdenow|Carl Ludwig von Willdenow]], ''Species Plantarum'', 4a ed. (Berolini) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/630618#page/804/mode/1up vol. 1 pars 2 pp. 1301–1302] * 1797-1800 : {{ec|id=Ortega (1798)|c= {{Creanda|es|Casimiro Gómez Ortega|Casimirus Gomezius Ortega}}, ''Novarum aut rariorum plantarum Horti Reg. Botan. Matrit. descriptionum decades''. Matriti: ex typographia Mariniana, 1797-1800 {{Google Books|W-o9AAAAYAAJ|p. 56}} }} * 1798 : {{ec|id=Mayr (1798)|c=Christophorus Mayr, ''Dispensatorium universale''. 1798 {{Google Books|8kpfAAAAcAAJ|p. 213}}}} * 1798 : {{ec|id=Cambry (1798)|c= Jacques Cambry, ''Voyage dans le Finistère'' (3 voll. Lutetiae: Cercle-Social, an VII) [https://archive.org/details/voyagedanslefini01camb/ 1] [https://archive.org/details/voyagedanslefini02camb/ 2] [https://archive.org/details/voyagedanslefini03camb/ 3] }} * 1798 : Martin Schwartner, ''Statistik des Königreichs Ungern''. Pest: Trattner {{Google Books|JrlfAAAAcAAJ|p. 198}} ("Gartenkräuter ... Gurken von einheimischen Pfeffer (''Paprika'') durchbeißt, sind der gewöhnlichste Salat des mittleren und unteren Standes.") * 1798 : Nicolas Jolyclerc, ''Phytologie universelle, ou, Histoire naturelle et méthodique des plantes''. Lutetiae: Gueffier jeune {{Google Books|JnUPAAAAQAAJ|vol. 5 pp. 161-162}} ("Piment, Poivre long ou Corail des jardins") * 1800 : [[Ioannes Antonius Chaptal|Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal]], ''Essai sur le vin''. Lutetiae: Delalain {{Google Books|GfMTAAAAQAAJ}}; editio 1801 sub titulo ''L'Art de faire, gouverner et perfectionner les vins'' {{Google Books|NPMTAAAAQAAJ}} == 1801-1850 == * 1801 : {{ec|id=Berchoux (1801)|c={{Creanda|fr|Joseph de Berchoux|Iosephus de Berchoux|Joseph de Berchoux}}, ''[[La Gastronomie (Berchoux)|La Gastronomie]]''. Lutetiae, 1801 {{Google Books|ISZFAQAAMAAJ}} }} <ref>Julia Abramson, "Legitimacy and Nationalism in the Almanach des Gourmands (1803-1812)" in ''Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies'' vol. 3 (2003) pp. 101-135, vide pp. 117-118 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27793769 JSTOR]</ref> * 1801 : [[Ioannes Antonius Chaptal|Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal]] et al., ''Traité théorique et practique sur la culture de la vigne''. 2a ed. 2 voll. Lutetiae: {{GB|ttw6AAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|99w6AAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}} vide etiam 1808 * 1802 : ''A Practical Guide during a Journey from London to Paris''. Londinii: Phillips, 1802 {{Google Books|ds6SNok78loC|2a ed., 1803}} * 1803 : [[Susanna Carter|Sussannah Carter]], ''The frugal housewife, or Complete woman cook''. Novi Eboraci: G. & R. Waite, 1803 [https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/32 Txtus] * 1803 : {{ec|id=Polwhele (1803)|c=Richard Polwhele, ''The History of Cornwall'' (Londinii, 1803) [https://archive.org/details/b22013982/page/n171/mode/2up vol. 1 p. 162] }} * 1803 : Thomas Winterbottom, ''An account of the native Africans in the neighbourhood of Sierra Leone''. Londinii: Hatchard [https://archive.org/details/accountofnativea01wint vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/accountofnativea02wint vol. 2] * 1803-1812 : {{ec|Grimod (1803-1812)|[[Grimod de la Reynière]] et al., ''[[Almanach des gourmands]]'' (Lutetiae, 1803-1812) [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008532588 Textus anni 1803, 2a ed.] {{Google Books|Wr06AAAAcAAJ|Textus anni 1803, 3a ed.}} [http://www.archive.org/details/almanachdesgour00costgoog Textus anni 1804, 2a ed.] {{Google Books|hBsJAAAAQAAJ|Textus anni 1805}} [https://archive.org/details/b21525250_0003 Textus anni 1805, 2a ed.] {{Google Books|kRsJAAAAQAAJ|Textus anni 1806}} [https://archive.org/details/b21525250_0004 Textus anni 1806] [https://archive.org/details/b21525250_0005 Textus anni 1807] [https://archive.org/details/almanachdesgour02costgoog alius] {{Google Books|1xsJAAAAQAAJ|Textus anni 1808}} [https://archive.org/details/b21525250_0006 Textus anni 1808] {{Google Books|-RsJAAAAQAAJ|Textus anni 1810}} [https://archive.org/details/b21525250_0007 Textus anni 1810] [https://archive.org/details/b21525250_0008 Textus anni 1812] [http://www.archive.org/details/almanachdesgour01costgoog alius]}} * 1804 : Louis-Marie Prudhomme, ''Miroir de l'ancien et du nouveau Paris, avec treize voyages en vélocifères dans ses environs''. Lutetiae) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64720830 vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6472262h vol. 2] apud Gallica * 1804 : "Soy" in A. F. M. Willich; James Mease, ed., ''The Domestic Encyclopedia'' (Philadelphiae: Birch & Small) vol. 5 pp. 12-13 (fide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} pp. 154-155) * 1804 : Alexander Hunter, ''Culina famulatrix medicinae, or Receipts in cookery ... by Ignotus'' (Eboraci: Mawman, 1804) [https://archive.org/details/b21527581/page/128/mode/2up p. 128] ("Tomata sauce"); 2a ed., titulo ''Culina famulatrix medicinae, or Receipts in modern cookery ... by Ignotus; and revised by A. Hunter'' (Eboraci, 1805) [https://archive.org/details/b2152743x/page/150/mode/2up p. 150] * 1804 : J. L. M. Poiret, "Piment: Capsicum" in [[Ioannes Baptista Lamarckius|Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]], ''Botanique'' vol. 5 (''Encyclopédie méthodique''. Lutetiae, 1804) {{Google Books|nU0_AAAAcAAJ|pp. 323-327}} * 1804 : [[Nicolaus Iosephus Jacquin]], ''Plantarum rariorum Horti Caesarei Schoenbrunnensis descriptiones et icones'' vol. 4 (1804) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/332 series librorum] * 1805-1817 : [[Amatus Bonpland]], [[Alexander de Humboldt]], ''Plantae aequinoctiales'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/75757 vol. 1] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/75758 vol. 2] * 1806 : [[Ioannes Shecut|John L. E. W. Shecut]], ''Flora Carolinæensis''. Vol. 1. Charleston, 1806 {{Google Books|cElHAAAAYAAJ}} * 1806 : Maria Rundell, ''A new system of domestic cookery''. Londinii: John Murray [https://archive.org/details/b21526321/page/n7/mode/2up textus] [https://archive.org/details/newsystemofdomes01rund/ editio Bostoniensis 1807] [https://archive.org/details/anewsystemdomes01rundgoog/ "New ed., corrected" 1808]; [https://archive.org/details/b21530749/ 1809] * 1806-1807 : ''[[Journal des gourmands et des belles]]''. Lutetiae: Capelle et Renand, 1806-1807 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1423549k Ian. 1806 apud Gallica]; [http://www.archive.org/details/journaldesgourm01unkngoog Ian.-Mar. 1807] [http://www.archive.org/details/journaldesgourm00unkngoog Apr.-Iun. 1807] [http://www.archive.org/details/journaldesgourm02unkngoog Iul.-Sep. 1807] apud archive.org; {{Google Books|KowBAAAAYAAJ|Oct.-Dec. 1807}} * 1807-1808 : Francesco Leonardi, ''Apicio moderno''. Romae [https://archive.org/details/b21525225_0001 1] [https://archive.org/details/b21525225_0002 2] [https://archive.org/details/b21525225_0003 3] [https://archive.org/details/b21525225_0004 4] [https://archive.org/details/b21525225_0005 5] [https://archive.org/details/b21525225_0006/ 6] [https://archive.org/details/b22026228_0001 pars II 1] [https://archive.org/details/b22026228_0002 pars II 2] * 1808 : Lucy Emerson, ''The New-England cookery''. Montpelier: Josiah Parks, 1808 [https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/25 Textus] * 1808 : [[Grimod de la Reynière]], ''[[Manuel des amphitryons]]: contenant un traité de la dissection des viandes à table, la nomenclature des menus les plus nouveaux pour chaque saison, et des élémens de politesse gourmande'' (Lutetiae: Capelle et Renand, 1808) [https://archive.org/details/b28521985/page/n9/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1808 : {{ec|id=Chaptal et al. (1808)|c=[[Ioannes Antonius Chaptal|Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal]] et al.; Iosephus Voltiggi, interpr., ''Tractatus de vitis cultura arteque parandi vinum''. Viennae [i.e. Vindobonae] 1808 {{GB|SetMAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|CGBt8wHcW3sC|vol. 2}}}} * 1808 : [[Carolus Ludovicus Cadet de Gassicourt|Charles-Louis Cadet de Gassicourt]], ''Cours gastronomique''. 1808<ref>Julia Abramson, "Legitimacy and Nationalism in the Almanach des Gourmands (1803-1812)" in ''Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies'' vol. 3 (2003) pp. 101-135, vide pp. 118-119 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27793769 JSTOR]</ref> * 1810 : [[Maria Antonius Carême|M. A. Carême]], ''Le Pâtissier royal parisien'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k852393j Vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k852237p vol. 2] apud Gallica * 1810 : [[Charles Joseph Colnet Du Ravel|Colnet]], ''L'art de dîner en ville, à l'usage des gens de lettres''. Lutetiae, 1810 [https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100178396# Textus] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k206776w 2a ed. 1810] * 1811 : ''Manuel de la cuisine, ou, L'art d'irriter la gueule'' (Lutetiae) [https://archive.org/details/manueldelacuisin00unse/page/2/mode/2up p. 3] ("Achia ou Achiar") * 1811 : [[Alexander de Humboldt]], ''Essai politique sur le royaume de la Nouvelle-Espagne''<ref>Fide {{qc|id=Andrews (1995)}} p. 33: fortasse et in aliis operibus?</ref> * 1813 : {{ec|id=Forbes (1813)|c=James Forbes, ''Oriental Memoirs'' (4 voll. Londinii, 1813) [https://archive.org/details/dli.venugopal.506 1] [https://archive.org/details/dli.venugopal.507 2] [https://archive.org/details/dli.venugopal.508 3] [https://archive.org/details/dli.venugopal.509 4]}} * 1813 : [[Ludovicus Eustathius Ude|Louis Eustache Ude]], ''The French Cook''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/b21471721 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1813 : [[Michael Felix Dunal|Michel Félix Dunal]], ''Histoire naturelle, médicale et économique des Solanum'' (Lutetiae: Koenig, 1813) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59103808#page/232/mode/1up p. 222] {{Google Books|Dc5LAAAAYAAJ}} * 1814 : [[Gulielmus Roxburgh|William Roxburgh]], ''Hortus Bengalensis : or, A catalogue of the plants growing in the ... Botanic Garden at Calcutta'' (Serampore) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/95337 Textus] * 1814 : {{ec|Beauvilliers (1814)|[[Antonius Beauvilliers]], ''L'Art du cuisinier'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k109846s Vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1098475 2] apud Gallica; [https://archive.org/details/lartducuisinier01beau vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/lartducuisinier02beau 2] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1814 : Vincenzo Agnoletti, ''La nuovissima cucina economica''. 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Londinii: Bagster, 1817 [https://archive.org/details/b21533908 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://archive.org/details/cooksoracleconta00kitc 4a ed. 1822] [https://archive.org/details/b22016430 Nova ed. 1827] * 1817 : F. G. Zenker, ''Theoretisch-praktische Anleitung zur Kochkunst'' vol. 1 (Vindobonae: Strauß, 1817) {{Google Books|6M1YAAAAcAAJ|p. 409}} * 1819 : [[Andreas Duncan]], ''The New Edinburgh Dispensatory'' (Edinburgi, 1819) [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-10611 Textus] apud Dusseldorpenses * 1820 : [[Gulielmus Roxburgh|William Roxburgh]], Nathaniel Wallich; William Carey, ed., ''Flora indica, or, Descriptions of Indian plants'' vol. 1 (Serampore) [https://archive.org/details/mobot21753000002930 Textus] * 1820 : [[Ioannes Crawfurd|John Crawfurd]], ''History of the Indian Archipelago''. Edinburgi {{Google Books|8EdSAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|FOlAAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}} {{GB|iY0AtXJsdbUC|vol. 3}} * 1821 : George Pearson, ''Arranged catalogues of the articles of food, seasonings and drinks'' (Londinii, 1821) [https://archive.org/details/b29316108/page/12/mode/2up p. 13] * 1821 : [[Gulielmus Martinus Leake|W. M. Leake]], ''[[Topography of Athens (Leake)|The Topography of Athens, with some remarks on its antiquities]]'' (1821) [http://www.archive.org/details/topographyofathe00leakuoft Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1821-1828 : {{ec|id=Descourtilz (1821-1828)|c=Michel Étienne Descourtilz, ''Flore médicale des Antilles'' fasc. 1 (1821), fasc. 6 (1828) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21850#page/120/mode/1up tab. 405], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21850#page/124/mode/1up pp. 95-97] ("vulg. Tomate à côtes")}} * 1822 : [[Maria Antonius Carême|M. A. Carême]], ''Le Maître d'hôtel français'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1040003h Vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1040004x vol. 2] apud Gallica * 1822 : Charles Yves Cousin, ''Le Parfait Cuisinier [... Le Cuisinier étranger; Le Patissier impérial]''. Lutetiae, 1822 [https://archive.org/details/b21532564 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1822 : {{ec|id=Jullien (1822)|c=[[Andreas Jullien|André Jullien]], ''Topographie de tous les vignobles connus'' (2a ed. Lutetiae, 1822) [https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001102535122 Textus]}} * 1822 : {{Creanda|de|Carl Friedrich von Rumohr|Carolus Fridericus de Rumohr|Carl Friedrich von Rumohr}}, ''Geist der Kochkunst'' * 1824 : [[Gulielmus Martinus Leake|W. M. Leake]], ''[[Journal of a Tour in Asia Minor (Leake)|Journal of a Tour in Asia Minor, with comparative remarks on the ancient and modern geography of that country]]'' (1824) [http://www.archive.org/details/journalatourina01leakgoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1824 : [[Antonius Beauvilliers|A. B. Beauvilliers]], ''The Art of French Cookery'' by A. B. Beauvilliers. Londinii: Longman [https://archive.org/details/b21504751 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1824 : [[Maria Randolph|Mary Randolph]], ''The Virginia House-wife''. Vasingtoniae: Printed by Davis and Force, 1824 [https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbc0001.2015pennell17897/?sp=119 pp. 103-104 ("To caveach fish") (cf. 1836) * 1824 : Alexander Moon, ''Catalogue of Ceylon Plants'' * 1824-1874 : [[Alphonsus Pyramus de Candolle]] et al., ''Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis''. Parisiis: sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz, 1824-1873 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/286#/summary Textus] * 1825 : {{ec|Brillat-Savarin (1826)|[[Ioannes Anthelmus Brillat-Savarin]], ''[[Physiologie du goût]]'' (Lutetiae, 1826) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8626673x vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8626674b vol. 2] apud Gallica; [https://archive.org/details/b28748177_0001 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/b28748177_0002 vol. 2] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1825 : Julien Archambault, ''Le Cuisinier économe ou Élémens nouveaux de cuisine, de pâtisserie et d'office'' (Lutetiae: Librairie du Commerce, 1825) p. 346 * 1825 : {{ec|id=Blume (1825)|c=[[Carolus Ludovicus Blume|C. L. Blume]], ''Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië'' fasc. 13 (Bataviae: ter Lands Drukkerij, 1825) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/429393#page/65/mode/1up Textus]}} * 1826 : Margaret Dods [i.e. Christian Isobel Johnstone], ''The Cook and Housewife's Manual'' (Edinburgi) [https://archive.org/details/b21505366/page/82/mode/2up pp. 83-85] ("Mock turtle soup") [https://www.surugadai.ac.jp/sogo/media/bulletin/Ronso35/Ronso35matsui.pdf De hoc opere] * 1826 : [[Whitelaw Ainslie]], ''Materia Indica'' [https://archive.org/details/materiaindicaors01ains vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/materiaindicaors02ains vol. 2] * 1826 : George Finlayson, ''The mission to Siam, and Hué, the capital of Cochin China, in the years 1821-2''. Londinii: Murray [https://archive.org/details/missiontosiaman00raffgoog/page/n302/mode/2up pp. 270], [https://archive.org/details/missiontosiaman00raffgoog/page/n324/mode/2up 292], [https://archive.org/details/missiontosiaman00raffgoog/page/n324/mode/2up 326] (Islands of the Gulf of Siam; Bay of Turon) * 1828 : {{ec|id=Carême (1828)|c=[[Maria Antonius Carême|M. A. Carême]], ''Le Cuisinier parisien, ou l'art de la cuisine française au XIXe siècle'' (2a ed. 1828) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86172102 Textus] apud Gallica [https://archive.org/details/b29298581/ 2a ed. 1828] [https://archive.org/details/b21525407/ 2a ed. 1842 (?)] [https://archive.org/details/b29300125/ 3a ed. 1842]}} * 1828 : {{ec|id=Descourtilz (1828)|c=Michel Étienne Descourtilz, ''Flore médicale des Antilles'' fasc. 6 (1828) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21850#page/216/mode/1up pp. 172-181, tabb. 422-423] ("vulg. Poivre d'Inde; Piment zozo, piment enragé, poivre d'oiseau, piment caraìbe")}} * 1828 : "Repas normand" in Amand Masson de Saint-Amand, ''Lettres d'un voyageur à l'embouchure de la Seine'' (1828) {{Google Books|Gj5YAAAAcAAJ|pp. 226-236}} * 1830 : [[Sydney, domina Morgan|Lady Morgan]], ''France in 1829-30'' (Londinii: Saunders and Otley) [https://archive.org/details/francein01sydgoog vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/francein03sydgoog/page/n413/mode/2up vol. 2 pp. 402-420] * 1830-1846 : [[Gulielmus Martinus Leake|W. M. Leake]], ''[[Travels in the Morea (Leake)|Travels in the Morea]]'' (1830); cum supplemento ''Peloponnesiaca'' (1846) [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinmoreawi01leak Vol. 1] [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinmoreawi02leak 2] [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinmoreawi03leak 3] [http://www.archive.org/details/peloponnesiacaa00leakgoog Supplementum] * 1831 : Sandford Arnot, interpr., "Indian Cookery, as practised and described by the natives of the East" in ''Miscellaneous Translations from Oriental Languages'' vol. 1 (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/32882019070997-miscellaneoustr/page/n275/mode/2up fasc. 5] {{Google Books|pSctAAAAYAAJ}} * 1832 : ''Il Cuoco Piemontese ridotto all'ultimo gusto''. 6a ed. Mediolani, 1832 [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Cuoco%20piemontese.pdf Textus] [https://archive.org/details/b22020767 alius] * 1832 : N. K. M. Lee, ''The cook's own book, being a complete culinary encyclopedia''. Bostoniae: Munroe and Francis, 1832 [https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/18 Textus] * 1832 : [[Gulielmus Roxburgh|William Roxburgh]]; William Carey, ed., ''Flora indica, or, Descriptions of Indian plants'' (2a ed. 3 voll. Serampore) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/590 Textus] * 1832 : {{ec|id=Jullien (1832)|c=[[Andreas Jullien|André Jullien]], ''Topographie de tous les vignobles connus'' (3a ed. Lutetiae, 1832) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3056299n Textus] apud Gallica}} * 1832 : Antonius Fingerhuth, ''Monographia generis Capsici''. Düsseldorpii {{Google Books|U2PRSAAACAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/monographiagene00finggoog/ apud] ''Internet Archive'' * 1833 : {{ec|id=Carême (1833)|c=[[Maria Antonius Carême|M. A. Carême]], ''L'Art de la cuisine française au dix-neuviême siècle'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1510011f vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k853460z vol. 2] apud Gallica (vide et 1847)}} * 1834 : {{ec|id=Nees (1834)|c=[[Christianus Godofredus Nees ab Esenbeck|Christian Godfrey Nees von Esenbeck]], "Monograph of the East Indian Solaneae" in ''Transactions of the Linnean Society of London'' vol. 17 (1834/1837) p.37 sqq., vide [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13786867#page/85/mode/1up pp. 59-60] }} * 1835 : [[Abraham Hayward]], "Gastronomy and Gastronomers" in ''Quarterly Review'' vol. 44, 1835 {{Google Books|Dc6jvFGZ4qwC|pp. 117-155}} * 1835 : ''[[Travels in Northern Greece (Leake)|Travels in Northern Greece]]'' (1835) [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinnorthe06leakgoog Vol. 1] [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinnorthe07leakgoog 2] [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinnorthe05leakgoog 3] [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinnorthe04leakgoog 4] * 1839 : ''Le Cuisinier méridional d'après la méthode provençale et languedocienne''. Avignon: Pierre Chaillot Jeune, 1835 [https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbc0001.2014bit40861/?sp=1 Textus] * 1836 : [[Maria Randolph|Mary Randolph]], ''The Virginia Housewife, or Methodical cook''. Philadelphiae: Plaskitt, 1836 [https://archive.org/details/virginiahousewif00randrich/page/64/mode/2up p. 64] ("to caveach fish") {{GB|R4YEAAAAYAAJ|editio 1838}} [https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/71#page/1/mode/2up editio 1838]; [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/12519/12519-h/12519-h.htm editionis 1860 editio interretialis]; [https://archive.org/details/virginiahousewif00rand_1 editio 1871] (1a ed. 1824) * 1837 : [[Eliza Leslie]], ''Directions for cookery, being a system of the art in its various branches]]. Philadelphiae: Carey & Hart, 1837 [https://archive.org/details/directionsforcoo00lesl Textus] * 1837 : {{ec|id= Bailly et al. (1837)|c= Charles Bailly et al., ''Maison rustique du XIXe siècle'' (Lutetiae: Journal d'agriculture pratique, 1837) [https://archive.org/details/maisonrustiquedu01bail/page/390/mode/2up p. 391] }} * 1837 : [[Eduardus Gulielmus Lane|Edward William Lane]], ''An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians''. 2 voll. Londinii: Knight, 1837 [https://archive.org/details/anaccountmanner09lanegoog vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/anaccountmanner08lanegoog 2] aegre legibiles; E. S. Poole, ed. [https://archive.org/details/accountofmanners00lane 5a ed. (1860)] * 1837 : Joseph Roques, ''Nouveau traité des plantes usuelles, spécialement appliqué à la médecine domestique, et au régime alimentaire de l'homme sain ou malade''. Lutetiae: Dufart {{GB|Yb5Jdw5gwssC|vol. 1}} {{GB|8Bc9VsIiXPIC|vol. 2 pp. 12-25}} {{GB|t3iwjQGCe8wC|vol. 3}} * 1837 : Ludovicus Prodan, ''Vina. Dissertatio inauguralis medica''. Pestini: Beimel, 1837 {{Google Books|omBUAAAAcAAJ|p. 11}} * 1839 : Mountstuart Elphinstone, ''Account of the Kingdom of Caubul'' (Nova ed. Londinii: Bentley, 1839) [https://archive.org/details/b29331791_0001/page/394/mode/2up vol. 1 p. 395] [https://archive.org/details/b29331791_0002 vol. 2] * 1839 : ''La cuynera catalana''. 2a ed. Barcinone [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000125370 Textus] * 1839 : {{ec|id=Courchamps (1839)|c=[[Mauritius de Courchamps]], ''Néo-physiologie du gout par ordre alphabétique, ou, Dictionnaire génerál de la cuisine française ancienne et moderne''. Lutetiae, 1839 {{Google Books|ts9QAQAAIAAJ}}}} * 1839 : Ippolito Cavalcanti, ''Cucina teorica-pratica''. Neapoli, 1839 [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Cavalcanti%20-%20Cucina%20casereccia%20napoletana.pdf Textus] * 1839 : [[Ioannes Paget|John Paget]], ''Hungary and Transylvania'' (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/hungaryandtrans02pagegoog/ vol. 1][https://archive.org/details/agw0321.0002.001.umich.edu/page/226/mode/2up vol. 2 p. 227] * 1840 : "Nourriture" in Ami Boué, ''La Turquie d'Europe'' (4 voll. Lutetiae: Bertrand, 1840) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.65535022&view=1up&seq=242&skin=2021 vol. 2 pp. 234-258] [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.65535159 vol. 1] [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.65535084 vol. 3] {{Google Books|g15cAAAAcAAJ|vol. 4}} * 1841 : [[Gulielmus Makepeace Thackeray]], "Memorials of Gormandising ... by M. A. Titmarsh" in ''Fraser's Magazine'' (Iunio 1841) [https://archive.org/details/sim_frasers-magazine_1841-06_23_138/page/710/mode/2up pp. 710-725] {{Google Books|_1tAAAAAYAAJ|pp. 375-404 in editione 1885}} * 1841 : Samuel Thomson, ''The Thomsonian Materia Medica, or botanic family physician''. 13a ed. Albaniae Novi Eboraci {{Google Books|tBLyGe6-mA0C|p. 752}} ("strong pepper sauce") * 1841 : Morris Mattson, ''The American Vegetable Practice, or a new and improved guide to health''. Bostoniae: Daniel L. Hale {{Google Books|jVdJpNdjCfIC|vol. 1 p. 279}} ("Pepper sauce: pods of the capsicum steeped in vinegar") * 1842/1844 : {{ec|id=Bollaert (c. 1842)|c=William Bollaert, commentaria (W. Eugene Hollon, Ruth Lapham Butler, edd., ''William Bollaert's Texas'' [Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1956] p. 218)}} * 1842 : {{ec|id=Arago (1842)|c= Jacques Arago, ''Comme on dîne à Paris''. Lutetiae: Berquet & Pétion, 1842 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64416813 Textus] apud Gallica}} * 1843 : {{ec|id=Wight (1843)|c=Robert Wight, ''Icones plantarum Indiae Orientalis'' vol. 2 (Maderaspatani: J. B. Pharoah, 1843) tab. 345}} * 1843 : "Un souper de M. le marquis de Cussy à Rouen" in C. F. A. Fayot, ed., ''Les Classiques de la table'' (Lutetiae, 1843) [https://archive.org/details/b21525869/page/514/mode/2up pp. 515-518] * 1843-1844 : Armand Plumerey, ''Le principal de la cuisine de Paris''. 2 voll. Lutetiae [https://archive.org/details/leprincipaldelac00plum vol. 1] (vide et 1847) * 1845 : Philippus Laurentius Geiger, Carolus Fridericus Mohr, ''Pharmacopoea universalis''. Heidelbergae: Winter, 1845 {{Google Books|8EKWfK507b0C}} * 1845 : Giovanni Brizzi, ''La cuciniera moderna'' Senae, 1845 [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Brizzi%20-%20La_cuciniera_moderna_1845.pdf Textus] * 1845 : {{ec|id=Davidis (1845)|c=Henriette Davidis, ''Praktisches Kochbuch für die bürgerliche und feine Küche'' (1845) [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-40760 3a ed. 1847] [https://archive.org/details/b28108309 25a ed. 1882][https://archive.org/details/b21525961/page/n3/mode/2up 37a ed. 1898]}} * 1845 : {{ec|id=Acton (1845)|c="Curries ..." in [[Eliza Acton]], ''Modern cookery in all its branches'' (Londinii: Longmans) [https://archive.org/details/b21531857/page/342/mode/2up pp. 343-353] [https://archive.org/details/moderncookeryin00actogoog 2a ed.] [https://archive.org/details/b21531869/page/n5/mode/2up 3a ed.] [https://archive.org/details/b21531870/page/n5/mode/2up 4a ed.] [https://archive.org/details/b21531882/page/n5/mode/2up 5a ed., 1846] [https://archive.org/details/b21533283/page/n7/mode/2up 6a ed., 1847]}} * 1845 : "Au feu marquis de Cussy" in C. F. A. Fayot, {{Creanda|fr|Elzéar Blaze|Elzear Blaze|Elzéar Blaze}}, ''Causeries de gourmets et de chasseurs'' (Lutetiae: Martinon, 1845) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9612601n/f17 pp. 5-15] * 1845 : {{ec|id= Galván Rivera (1845)|c= {{Creanda|es|Mariano Galván Rivera|Marianus Galván Rivera|Mariano Galván Rivera}}, ''Diccionario de cocina, o El nuevo cocinero mexicano en forma de diccionario''. Mexicopoli: Imprenta del Cumplido, 1845 {{Google Books|bGqMQCMur7sC}} }} (1a ed.: 1831) * 1846 : "Les Restaurants de Paris" in Eugène Briffault, ''Paris à table'' (Lutetiae: Hetzel, 1846) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k108869b/f150 pp. 144-178] * 1846 : "Quelques explications préliminaires" in C. F. A. Fayot, ed., ''Les Classiques de la table: édition usuelle'' (Lutetiae, 1846) [https://archive.org/details/lesclassiquesdel00unse/page/n25/mode/2up pp. ix-xii] * 1846 : {{ec|id=Francatelli (1846)|c=[[Carolus Elmé Francatelli|Charles Elmé Francatelli]], ''The Modern Cook'' {{Google Books|3p9kAAAAcAAJ|p. 401}}}} * 1846 : [[Alexis Soyer]], ''The Gastronomic Regenerator''. Londinii: Simpkin, Marshall, 1846 [https://archive.org/details/gastronomicregen00soye_0 Textus] * 1847 : {{ec|id=Carême et al. (1847)|c=[[Antoninus Carême|Antonin Carême]], Armand Plumerey; C. F. A. Fayot, ed., ''L'Art de la cuisine française au dix-neuviême siècle'' (Lutetiae, 1847) [https://archive.org/details/b21526047_0001/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/b21526047_0002/ vol. 2] [https://archive.org/details/b21525687_0003/ vol. 3] [https://archive.org/details/b21526047_0004/ vol. 4] [https://archive.org/details/b21526047_0005/page/252/mode/2up vol. 5 pp. 252-254]}} * 1847 : Susan Shelby Magoffin, ephemerides (Stella M. Drumm, ed., ''Down the Santa Fe Trail and into Mexico: The Diary of Susan Shelby Magoffin, 1846–1847'' [Novo Portu: Yale University Press, 1962] [http://cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx/la/1020000885/1020000885.PDF pp. 65, 94] * 1847: Robert H. Schomburgk, "West Indian fruits and esculents that may advantageously be introduced into cultivation in England" in ''Journal of the Horticultural Society of London'' vol. 2 (1847) [https://darwin-online.org.uk/converted/pdf/1847_Herbert_hybridization_vegetables_A4513.pdf pp. 148-155] * 1847 : William H. Edwards, ''A voyage up the River Amazon, including a residence at Pará'' (London: Murray, 1847) [https://archive.org/details/voyageupriverama00edwauoft/page/n57/mode/2up pp. 47-48] ("pepper"), [https://archive.org/details/voyageupriverama00edwauoft/page/n121/mode/2up 111] * 1848 : "Da dou" in {{Creanda|de|Wu Qijun}}, ''Tractatus nominum naturaeque plantarum'' [植物名實圖攷] (Taiyuan, 1848) (fide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} pp. 220-221) * 1848 : ''La Cuisine ordinaire'' (congeries operum [[Antonius Beauvilliers|Beauvilliers]], [[Maria Antonius Carême|Carême]], [[Ioannes Anthelmus Brillat-Savarin|Brillat-Savarin]], [[Iosephus Gastaldy|Gastaldy]], aliorum) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3041516k vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30415170 vol. 2] apud Gallica * 1848 : {{ec|id=Jullien (1848)|c=[[Andreas Jullien|André Jullien]], ''Topographie de tous les vignobles connus''. 4a ed. Lutetiae, 1848 {{Google Books|nLNgAAAAcAAJ}}}} * 1849 : "Soya" in Isidore Hedde et al., ''Étude pratique du commerce d'exportation de la Chine'' (Lutetiae: Librairie du Commerce, 1849) [https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001102439556 pp. 188-190] * 1850 : Gideon Nye, ''Tea and the tea trade''. Novi Eboraci: G. W. Wood, 1850 [https://archive.org/details/teateatradeparts00nyegricht Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1850 : J. W. Comfort, ''The Practice of Medicine on Thomsonian Principles''. Nova ed. Philadelphiae {{Google Books|U6_XE9_Q5n4C|pp. 101-105 et passim}} ("pepper sauce, capsicum tea, cayenne pepper") == 1851-1900 == * 1851 : Giovanni Rajberti, ''L'arte di convitare''. 1851 [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Rajberti%20-%20L'Arte%20di%20Convitare.pdf Textus] * 1852 : {{ec|id=Riddell (1852)|c="Curries" in Robert F. Riddell, ''Indian domestic economy and receipt book'' (3a ed. Bombayae: Bombay Gazette Press) [https://archive.org/details/b21529942/page/380/mode/2up pp. 380-406]}} * 1852 : [[Sara Iosepha Hale|Sarah Josepha Hale]], ''The ladies' new book of cookery''. 1852 [https://n2t.net/ark:/85335/m5467w Textus] * 1852 : [[Abraham Hayward]], ''The Art of Dining, or, Gastronomy and gastronomers''. Londinii: John Murray, 1852 [https://archive.org/details/b21526746 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1832 : Edwin Lankester, ''Vegetable Substances Used for the Food of Man'' [https://archive.org/details/vegetablesubstan00lank/page/312/mode/2up pp. 313-314] * 1852 : [[Michael Felix Dunal|M. F. Dunal]], "Solanaceae" in [[Alphonsus Pyramus de Candolle|A. de Candolle]], ''[[Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis]]'' vol. 13 fasc. 1 (Lutetiae: Masson, 1852) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/56755458#page/432/mode/1up p. 428] * 1853 : [[Alexis Soyer]], ''The Pantropheon, or History of food and its preparation from the earliest ages of the world''. Londinii: Simpkin, Marshall [https://archive.org/details/b2152953x Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1854 : Giovanni Vialardi, ''Tratto di cucina, pasticceria moderna, credenza''. Taurinis, 1854 [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Vialardi%20-Trattato%20Di%20Cucina%20-%201854.pdf Textus] * 1855 : {{ec|id=Améro, ed. (1855)|c=Justin Améro, ed., ''Les Classiques de la table: Nouvelle édition refondue et complétée'' (Lutetiae: Didot, 1855) [https://archive.org/details/b28125551_0001/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/lesclassiquesde00conggoog/ 2]}} * 1855/1861 : {{Creanda|fr|Jacques Marie Cyprien Victor Coste|Victor Coste}}, ''Voyage d'exploration sur le littoral de la France et de l'Italie''. [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_d5LomsVLskoC Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/voyagedexplorati00cost 2a ed., 1861] [https://wwz.ifremer.fr/archives/Portraits/V.-Coste De auctore] * 1856 : [[Urbanus Dubois|Urbain Dubois]], [[Aemilius Bernard|Emile Bernard]], ''La cuisine classique: études pratiques, raisonnées et démonstratives de l'école française appliquée au service à la russe''. Lutetiae, 1856 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_pBo-AAAAcAAJ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1856 : [[Fredericus Antonius Guilielmus Miquelius|Fred. Ant. Guilielmi Miquel.]] ''Flora Indiae Batavae = Flora van Nederlandsch Indië'' vol. 2 pars 2 (Lipsiae: apud Frid. Fleischer, 1856) {{Google Books|dzY-AAAAcAAJ|p. 656}} * 1857 : John Bowring, ''The Kingdom and People of Siam: With a Narrative of the Mission to that Country in 1855'' (2 voll. Londinii: Parker) vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83041/page/n123/mode/2up pp. 108], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83041/page/n251/mode/2up 226], vol. 2 [https://archive.org/details/kingdomandpeopl00bowrgoog/page/n21/mode/2up pp. 4],[https://archive.org/details/kingdomandpeopl00bowrgoog/page/n21/mode/2up 12] (Siam, Laos) * 1858 : ''Nuevo cocinero mejicano en forma de diccionario''. Lutetiae: Rosa y Bouret, 1858 [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000040797 Textus] * 1858 : "[https://archive.org/details/irishquarterlyr00unkngoog/page/n523/mode/2up Brillat-Savarin]" in ''Irish Quarterly Review'' vol. 8 no. 30 (1858) pp. 461-492 * 1858 : ''Il cuciniere italiano moderno''. Liburni [https://archive.org/details/b28136469/ Textus] [https://archive.org/details/b21538372/ Editio recentior, anno incerto] * 1859 : ''Il cuoco milanese e la cuciniera piemontese'' (Mediolani) [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Cuoco%20milanese.pdf pp. 302-303] ("Risotto alla milanese") * 1859 : ''The habits of good society: a handbook of etiquette for ladies and gentlemen''. Londinii: Hogg [https://archive.org/details/habitsofgoodsoci00unse Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1859 : [[Carolus Monselet|Charles Monselet]] et al., ''La Cuisinière poétique''. Lutetiae: Lévy [https://archive.org/details/b28062346/ Textus]; Lipsiae: Dürr [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9682092b Textus] * 1860 : [[Iacobus Emerson Tennant|James Emerson Tennant]], ''Ceylon: an account of the island, physical, historical, and topographical''. 4a ed. 2 voll. Londinii: Longman, 1860 [https://archive.org/details/ceylonaccountofi01tenn vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/ceylonaccountofi02tenn vol. 2] * 1860 : Emile de La Bédollière, ''Le nouveau Paris: histoire de ses 20 arrondissements''. Lutetiae: Barba {{Google Books|iboNAAAAIAAJ|p. 273}} * 1861 : [[Isabella Beeton]], ''[[Beeton's Book of Household Management]]'' (Londinii, 1861) [https://archive.org/details/b20392758/page/136/mode/2up pp. 135-136] "Kegeree" * 1861 : Herbert Byng Hall, ''The Oyster: where, how, and when to find, breed, cook, and eat it''. Londinii: Trübner, 1861 [https://archive.org/details/b21526862 Textus] * 1862 : [[Alfredus Delvau|Alfred Delvau]], ''Histoire anecdotique des cafés et cabarets de Paris''. Lutetiae, 1862 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1025028b Textus] apud Gallica * 1862 : [[Clements Markham]], ''Travels in Peru and India while superintending the collection of chinchona plants and seeds in South America, and their introduction into India'' (Londinii: John Murray) [https://archive.org/details/travelsinperuind00mark/page/208/mode/2up pp. 208], [https://archive.org/details/travelsinperuind00mark/page/306/mode/2up 306], [https://archive.org/details/travelsinperuind00mark/page/336/mode/2up 337] * 1862 : G. V., ''Dinners and dinner parties''. London: Chapman and Hall, 1862; [https://archive.org/details/b21527817/page/106/mode/2up pp. 107-108] (not in Laing and Halkett) * 1863 : Thomas George Shaw, ''Wine, the Vine and the Cellar''. Londinii: Longman, Green, 1863 [https://archive.org/details/b28128230 Textus] * 1864 : ''Cookery for English households by a French lady'' (1864) [https://archive.org/details/cookeryforengli00housgoog/page/n108/mode/2up pp. 93-94] sub titulo ''Poulet au vin blanc'' * 1865 : Emanuele Rossi, ''La vera cuciniera genovese'' (Genuae) [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/E.%20Rossi%20-%20La%20vera%20cuciniera%20genovese.pdf Textus] * 1866 : {{ec|id=Jullien (1866)|c=[[Andreas Jullien|André Jullien]]; C. E. Jullien, ed., ''Topographie de tous les vignobles connus'' (5a ed. Lutetiae, 1866) [https://archive.org/details/topographiedeto00jullgoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1867 : [[Leo Brisse]], ''Le calendrier gastronomique pour l’année 1867: les 365 menus du baron Brisse: un menu par jour'' [https://www.loc.gov/item/87103777/ Textus] [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011530851 alibi] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6568678k editio 1868] * 1867 : "Restaurants" in [[Alfredus Delvau|Alfred Delvau]], ''Les plaisirs de Paris'' (Lutetiae, 1867) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1522335s/f109 pp. 109-144] * 1867 : {{ec|Gouffé (1867)|[[Iulius Gouffé|Jules Gouffé]], ''Le Livre de cuisine'' (Lutetiae: Hachette) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1080414 Textus] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3411211m 2a ed. 1870] [https://archive.org/details/b21525778/page/633/mode/2up 4a ed. 1877, pp. 633-634]}} * 1867 : Kanny Loll Dey, ''The indigenous drugs of India''. Calcutta: Thacker, 1867 [https://archive.org/details/b21513053/ Textus]: Capsicum annuum p. 29; [https://archive.org/details/indigenousdrugs00mairgoog/page/n110/mode/2up 2nd ed. 1896 pp. 64-65] * 1868 : [[Iulius Gouffé|Jules Gouffé]]; Alphonse Gouffé, interpr., ''The royal cookery book (Le livre de cuisine)''. Londinii: Sampson Low, 1868 [https://archive.org/details/b21505093/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1868 : Theodoro J. H. Langgaard, ''Novo formulario medico e pharmaceutico'' (1868) {{Google Books|QNk8AAAAcAAJ|p. 537}} * 1868? : [[Leo Brisse]], ''La Cuisine à l'usage des ménages bourgeois et des petits ménages'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k110689f editio 1884] * 1869 : {{ec|id=Indian Cookery Book (1869)|c="Curries" in ''The Indian Cookery Book: a practical handbook to the kitchen in India'' (Calcuttae: Wyman) [https://archive.org/details/b2152824x/page/14/mode/2up pp. 14-34]}} * 1869 : William Terrington, ''Cooling cups and dainty drinks''. Londinii: Routledge [https://archive.org/details/coolingcupsandd00terrgoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1869 : [[Iulius Gouffé|Jules Gouffé]], ''Le livre des conserves''. Lutetiae: Hachette, 1869 [https://archive.org/details/b2152578x Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1869 : Ioannes Alexandrides, ''Ιστορία της Χημείας''. Vindobonae, 1869 {{Google Books|7YC7Tk6CY6gC}} * 1870 : [[Urbanus Dubois|Urbain-Dubois]], ''Cosmopolitan cookery: popular studies'' (Londinii: Longmans, 1870) [https://archive.org/details/b28131241/page/11/mode/1up p. 11] ("'Cuscus' of the Arabs") * 1854-1857 : {{ec|id=Meyer (1854-1857)|c=[[Ernestus Henricus Fridericus Meyer|Ernst H. F. Meyer]], ''Geschichte der Botanik: Studien'' [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10302511?page=1 vol. 1] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10302512?page=1 2] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10302513?page=1 3] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10302514?page=1 4] }} * 1872 : [[Urbanus Dubois|Urbain Dubois]], ''Cuisine de tous les pays: études cosmopolites''. 3a ed. (Lutetiae: Dentu, 1872) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65442310/f91 pp. 69-70] ("Soupe maigre aux huîtres; Soupe aux huîtres à l'américaine") * 1873 : {{ec|id=Dumas (1873)|c=[[Alexander Dumas (pater)|Alexandre Dumas]], ''Grand Dictionnaire de cuisine'' (Lutetiae: Lemerre, 1873) [https://archive.org/details/b28092818/page/634/mode/2up pp. 634-635]}} * 1873 : [[Aemilius Zola|Emile Zola]], ''[[Le Ventre de Paris]]'' (Lutetiae: Charpentier) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6213165k/f162 pp. 154-155] * 1873? : [[Leo Brisse]], ''Cuisine en carême du baron Brisse'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9205980 2a ed. 1874] * 1875 : [[Henricus Vizetelly|Henry Vizetelly]], ''The wines of the world characterized and classed, with some particulars respecting the beers of Europe'' (Londinii: Ward, Lock, 1875) [https://archive.org/details/b21528287/page/50/mode/2up pp. 51-57] * 1876 : [[Henricus Vizetelly|Henry Vizetelly]], ''Facts about sherry''. Londinii: Ward, Lock, 1876 [https://archive.org/details/factsaboutsherr00vizegoog Textus] * 1876 : [[Ludovicus Henricus Morgan|Lewis Henry Morgan]], "[montezumasdinne00morggoog/page/n45/mode/2up Montezuma's Dinner]" [commentatio sine titulo divulgata] in ''North American Review'' (Aprilis 1876) pp. 265-308; postea forma libri reimpressa Novi Eboraci: New York Labor News Company, 1950 * 1877 : [[Iulius Gouffé|Jules Gouffé]], ''Le Livre de pâtisserie''. Lutetiae: Hachette [https://archive.org/details/GoufPa/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1877 : "Sauce" in {{Creanda|en|Eneas Sweetland Dallas|Aeneas Sweetland Dallas|Eneas Sweetland Dallas}}, ''Kettner's Book of the Table'' (Londinii: Dulau, 1877) [https://archive.org/details/b2153794x/page/408/mode/2up pp. 409-419] * 1877 : {{ec|id=Blanco (1877)|c=Manuel Blanco, ''Flora de Filipinas'' (4 voll. Manilae: Plana, 1877-1883) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/277741#page/217/mode/1up vol. 1 p. 177] et tabula 49}} * 1878 : A. R. Kenney-Herbert, ''Culinary Jottings for Madras ... by "Wyvern"''. Maderaspatani: Higginbotham [https://archive.org/details/b28119617/ Textus]; titulo ''Culinary Jottings'' [https://archive.org/details/b28089583 5a ed. 1885] * 1878 : {{ec|id=Sauvé (1878)|c= L.-F. Sauvé, ''Proverbes et dictons de la Basse-Bretagne'' (Lutetiae: Honoré Champion, 1878) [https://archive.org/details/proverbesetdict00sauvgoog/page/n119/mode/2up pp. 106-107] }} * 1879 : {{ec|id=Davidis (1879)|c=Henriette Davidis, ''Praktisches Kochbuch für die Deutschen in Amerika'' (Milwaukee: Brumber, 1879) [https://archive.org/details/praktischeskochb00davi/ Textus] [https://archive.org/details/praktischeskochb01davi/ 2a ed. 1897]}} * 1879 : Friedrich A. Flueckiger, Daniel Hanbury, ''Pharmacographia''. 2a ed. Londinii, 1879 {{Google Books|5Q0b1XdRSIgC}} * 1879 : [[Henricus Vizetelly|Henry Vizetelly]], ''Facts about champagne and other sparkling wines''. Londinii: Ward, Lock, 1879 [https://archive.org/details/b21528317 Textus] * 1880 : [[Henricus Vizetelly|Henry Vizetelly]], ''Facts about Port and Madeira''. Londinii: Ward, Lock, 1880 {{Google Books|dlA7AQAAMAAJ}} * 1882 : [[Henricus Vizetelly|Henry Vizetelly]], ''A history of champagne''. Londinii: Vizetelly, 1882 [https://archive.org/details/historyofchampag00vize Textus] * 1882 : [[Leo Brisse]]; Edith Matthew Clark, ed. et interpr., ''366 menus and 1200 recipes of the Baron Brisse in French and English''. Londinii: Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008611336 Textus] * 1883 : Samuel Wells Williams, ''The Middle Kingdom''. Ed. recensa. Londinii: Allen, 1883 [https://archive.org/details/middlekingdomsur01will_2 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/middlekingdomsur02will_2 vol. 2] * 1883 : [[Alphonsus Pyramus de Candolle|Alphonse de Candolle]], ''Origine des plantes cultivées''. Lutetiae: Baillière [https://archive.org/details/originedesplant02candgoog Textus] * 1883 : {{ec|id=Dickens (1883)|c="Tripes à la mode de Caen" in [[Carolus Dickens|Charles Dickens]], ''Dickens's Dictionary of Paris, 1883''. Macmillan {{Google Books|UW0DAAAAQAAJ|p. 268}}}} * 1885 : [[Lafcadio Hearn]], ''La Cuisine creole: a collection of culinary recipes from leading chefs and noted Creole housewives who have made New Orleans famous for its cuisine''. 2a ed. Novae Aureliae, 1885 [https://archive.org/details/lacuisinecreolec00hearrich Textus] * 1885 : [[Agnes Marshall|A. B. Marshall]], ''The Book of Ices''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/b21528068/ Textus priscus]; [https://archive.org/details/b21539613/ editio aucta] * 1885 : William Dymock, ''The Vegetable Materia Medica of Western India''. Bombay, 1885 {{Google Books|0ygJAAAAIAAJ|pp. 640-643}} * 1886 : [[William Carew Hazlitt|Gulielmus Carew Hazlitt]], ''Old Cookery Books and Ancient Cuisine'' (Londinii: Elliot Stock, 1886) [https://archive.org/details/b21525079 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/12293/12293-h/12293-h.htm editio 1902] apud ''Project Gutenberg''; [[:s:en:Old Cookery Books and Ancient Cuisine|apud Vicifontem]] * 1886 : J. E. T. Aitchison, "Some Plants of Afghanistan and Their Medicinal Products" in ''Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions'' (Decembri 1886); reimpressum in eiusdem ''Notes on the Products of Western Afghanistan and North-Eastern Persia'' (Edinburgi, 1890) [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1203/page/69/mode/2up pp. 69-73] * 1887 : Maria Parloa, ''Miss Parloa's Kitchen Companion'' (Bostoniae: Estes and Lauriat) [https://archive.org/details/missparloaskitch00parlrich/page/224/mode/2up p. 225] * 1887-1890 : [[Eduardus Ludovicus Sturtevant|E. L. Sturtevant]], "The History of Garden Vegetables" in ''American Naturalist'' voll. 21-24 (1887-1890): vol. 21 pp. 49-59, 125-133, 321-333, 433-444, 701-712, 826-833, 903-912, 975-985; vol. 22 pp. 420-433, 802-808, 979-987; vol. 24 pp. 30-48, 143-157, 629-656, 719-744 (cf. 1919) * 1888 : Doctor [[Marianus Pardo de Figueroa|Thebussem]], ''La mesa moderna''. Matriti [https://archive.org/details/lamesamodernaca00conggoog Textus] [https://archive.org/details/lamesamodernacar00theb 2a ed. eiusdem anni] * 1888 : ''Dainty Dishes for Indian Tables'' (2a ed. Calcuttae: Newman, 1888) [https://archive.org/details/daintydishesfor00unkngoog/page/n174/mode/2up pp. 158-161] * 1888 : W. H. Dawe, ''The Wife's Help to Indian Cookery'' (Londinii: Elliot Stock, 1888) [https://archive.org/details/b21528378 Textus] * 1889 : Gustave Garlin, ''Le cuisinier moderne''. Lutetiae: Garnier, 1889 [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermoder01garl vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermoder02garl 2] * 1889 : Daniel Santiagoe, ''The curry cook's assistant''. London : Kegan Paul, 1889; [https://archive.org/details/b28133055/ Textus]; [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/34107/34107-h/34107-h.htm recensio interretialis] * 1889-1893 : George Watt, ''A Dictionary Of The Economic Products Of India'' 6 voll. (Calcuttae) [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia1 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia2 2] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia3 3] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia4 4] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia5 5] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia61 6 i] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia62 6 ii] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia63 6 iii] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia64 6 iv] * 1889-1891 : {{ec|Favre (1889-1901)|[[Iosephus Favre|Joseph Favre]], ''Dictionnaire universel de cuisine et d'hygiène alimentaire'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65654445 vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6565413m 2]}} * 1890-1891 : John R. Philpots, ''Oysters, and all about them''. 2 voll. Londinii: John Richardson, 1890-1891 [https://archive.org/details/oystersallaboutt01phil Textus] * 1891 : Grace Johnson, ''Anglo-Indian And Oriental Cookery''. Londinii: Allen [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.501516/ Textus] * 1891 : Gabrielle Le Brasseur; Mary Hooper, interpr., ''Hints on cookery and management of the table'' (Londinii: Spencer Blackett, 1891) [https://archive.org/details/b28125770/page/n41/mode/2up pp. 27-28] (titulus priscus: ''Ma cuisine'') * 1891 : [[Peregrinus Artusi|Pellegrino Artusi]], ''[[La scienza in cucina e l'arte di mangiar bene]]''. Florentiae: Landi, 1891 [https://archive.org/details/artusi-1891 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1892 : [[Carolus Herman Senn|Charles Herman Senn]], ''Practical gastronomy and culinary dictionary'' (Londinii: Spottiswoode) [https://archive.org/details/b28107822/page/n7/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1892 : C. A. M. Fennell, ed., ''The Stanford dictionary of Anglicised words and phrases'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1892) s.vv. Cayenne pepper, Chilli {{Google Books|0KAYAAAAIAA|pp. 223, 240}} * 1893 : Caroline Sullivan, ''The Jamaica Cookery Book'' (Kingston Iamaicae: Gardner, 1893) p. 115 ("scaveeched king-fish") * 1893 : Flora Annie Steel, Grace Gardiner, ''The complete Indian housekeeper and cook'' (3a ed. Edinburgi: Edinburgh Press, 1893) [https://archive.org/details/b28081663 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/b21528640 Nova ed. 1909] * 1893 : Jessup Whitehead, ''Cooking for profit: A new American cook book''. Chicagine {{Google Books|UDhEAAAAYAAJ|p. 193}} ("Oyster brochettes à la creole") * 1894 : Charles Ranhofer, ''The Epicurean'' (Novi Eboraci, 1894) [https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/26#page/422/mode/2up pp. 408-413] * 1894 : ''Spons' Household Manual: a treasury of domestic receipts and guide for home management'' (Londinii: Spon) [https://archive.org/details/b21539303/page/502/mode/2up p. 500] ("Malay chicken (Doopiazeh curry)") * 1894 : [[Agnes Marshall|A. B. Marshall]], ''Fancy Ices''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/b29314501/ Textus] * 1894 : Chatillon-Plessis, ''La Vie à table à la fin du 19e siècle''. Lutetiae: Diderot {{Google Books|JFQ4-9XhE-gC|pp. 273-275}} * 1895 : Thomas J. Murrey, ''The Murrey Collection of Cookery Books'' (Novi Eboraci) [https://archive.org/details/murreycollectio00murrgoog/page/n424/mode/2up "Oysters and Fish" pp. 27-28] ("Oysters en brochette") * 1895 : George J. Kappeler, ''Modern American Drinks: How to Mix and Serve All Kinds of Cups and Drinks''. Novi Eboraci: Merriam, 1895 [https://archive.org/details/modernamericandr00kapp Textus] * 1895 : Henrietta A. Hervey, ''Anglo-Indian cookery at home: a short treatise for returned exiles'' (London: H. Cox, 1895) [https://archive.org/details/b28047898/page/n17/mode/2up pp. 10-17] ("curry powder, curries") * 1895 : {{ec|id=Sala (1895)|c=[[Georgius Augustus Sala|George Augustus Sala]], ''The Thorough Good Cook'' [https://archive.org/details/b21530014/page/343/mode/2up p. 343 editionis Neo-Eboracensis 1896] }} * 1895 : Jean De Gouy, ''La Cuisine et la patisserie bourgeoises en Belgique et à l'étranger''. Bruxellis {{Google Books|n8xHAQAAMAAJ|p. 157}} (petits pâtés au godiveau") * 1895 : {{ec|id=Thomas (1895)|c= Joseph Thomas, ''Randigal Rhymes'' (Penzance: Rodda, 1895) [https://archive.org/details/randigalrhymesan00thomrich/page/6/mode/2up p. 6] }} * 1896 : Louis Fouquet, ''Bariana: Recueil de toutes boissons americains et anglaises'' (Lutetiae) [http://www.euvs.org/pdf/BARIANA-WEB.pdf p. 25 no. 18] ("martini cocktail") * 1897 : [[Abrahamus Stoker|Bram Stoker]], ''[[Dracula (Stoker)|Dracula]]'' (Londinii) p. 1 * 1898 : [[Carolus Herman Senn|Charles Herman Senn]], ''Senn's culinary encyclopaedia'' (Londinii: Spottiswoode) [https://archive.org/details/sennsculinaryenc00senn Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1898 : [[Georgius Watt|George Watt]], ''The pests and blights of the tea plant being a report of investigations conducted in Assam and to some extent also in Kangra''. Calcuttae: Superintendent, Government Printing [https://archive.org/details/cu31924024006623/page/n6 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1898 : {{Creanda|es|Henry Clay Irish|Henricus Clay Irish|H. C. Irish}}, "[https://archive.org/details/revisionofgenusc00irisrich/ A revision of the genus Capsicum, with especial reference to garden varieties]" in ''Missouri Botanical Garden Annual Report'' (1898) pp. 53-110 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2992137 JSTOR] * 1898 : {{Creanda|d|Q100233613|Incarnatio Pinedo|Encarnación Pinedo}}, ''El cocinero español''. Franciscopoli (Dan Strehl, Victor Valle, edd., ''Encarnación’s kitchen : Mexican recipes from nineteenth-century California'' [Berkeleiae: University of California Press, 2003]) * 1899 : [[Nathaniel Newnham-Davis]], ''Dinners and Diners: where and how to dine in London''. Londinii: Grant Richards, 1899 [https://archive.org/details/b21528974 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'; [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Lieutenant-Colonel_Nathaniel_Newnham_Davis.jpg De auctore] * 1900 : ''The Nabob's Cookery Book: a manual of East and West Indian recipes ... by P. O. P.'' (Londinii: Warne) [https://archive.org/details/b28060799/page/n15/mode/2up no. 1-24] * 1900 : ''The Picayune's Creole Cook Book'' Novae Aureliae [https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/eat-drink/article_a067a27c-91f6-538a-af50-0be0eca945d1.html de editione prima]; [https://archive.org/details/picayunescreolec0000unse_n7m7/mode/2up ed. 2ae (1901) reimpressae exemplar mutuabile]; [https://archive.org/details/cu31924073878708/page/n5/mode/2up ed. 4a (1910)] * 1900 : Rowland Strong, ''Where and How to Dine in Paris''. Londinii: Grant Richards, 1900 [https://archive.org/details/whereandhowtodi00strogoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1900 : Pierre Lacam, ''Le mémorial historique et géographique de la pâtisserie'' (Lutetiae) [https://archive.org/details/b28054234/page/170/mode/2up p. 171] * 1900 : [[Prosper Montagné]], [[Prosper Salles]], [[Phileas Gilbert]] : ''La Grande Cuisine illustrée'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9304528 Textus] apud Gallica == saeculum XX == * 1901 : {{ec|id=Holle (1901)|c=Henriette Davidis; Luise Holle, ed., ''Henriette Davidis-Holle: Praktisches Kochbuch für die bürgerliche und feine Küche'' (Bielefeld: Velhagen & Klasing, 1901) [https://archive.org/details/b21536004/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1903 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1903)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''[[Le Guide culinaire]]'' (Lutetiae, 1903) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65768837 Textus] apud Gallica; [https://archive.org/details/b21525730 textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1903 : [[Nathaniel Newnham-Davis]], Algernon Bastard, ''The Gourmet's Guide to Europe''. Londinii: Grant Richards, 1903 [https://archive.org/details/b21504829 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1903 : Adolphe Meyer, ''The post-graduate cookery book'' (Novi Eboraci: Caterer, 1903) [https://archive.org/details/postgraduatecook00meye/page/30/mode/2up pp. 30-31] * 1903 : Ketab, ''Indian dishes for English tables''. Londinii: Chapman & Hall, 1903 [https://archive.org/details/b2812277x Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1904 : A. R. Kenney-Herbert, ''Wyvern's Indian Cookery Book''. Maderaspatani: Higginbotham, 1904 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.221260 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1905 : [[Iosephus Favre|Joseph Favre]], ''Dictionnaire universel de cuisine pratique''. 2a ed. [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57300060 vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57317645 vol. 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57280474 vol. 3] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57300438 vol. 4] * 1906 : {{ec|id=Senn (1906)|c="Indian Cookery" in [[Isabella Beeton]]; [[Carolus Herman Senn|Charles Herman Senn]], ed., ''[[Beeton's Book of Household Management|Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management]]'' (Londinii: Ward, Lock, 1906) [https://archive.org/details/b21530105/page/1598/mode/2up pp. 1599-1613]}} * 1906 : Frank Schloesser, ''The Greedy Book: a gastronomical anthology'' (Londinii: Gay and Bird, 1906) [https://archive.org/details/b21505007/page/166/mode/2up p. 167] * 1907 : {{ec|id=Richardin, ed. (1907)|c= [[Edmundus Richardin|Edmond Richardin]], ed., ''L'art du bien manger''. Nova ed. (Lutetiae: Librairie Nilsson) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k203897f Textus apud Gallica]}} (primum anno 1901 edita?) * 1907 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1907)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''Le Guide culinaire'' (2a ed. Lutetiae, 1907) [https://archive.org/details/b21525912/page/524/mode/2up pp. 525-526]}} * 1907 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1907)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''A Guide to Modern Cookery''. Londinii: Heinemann [https://archive.org/details/cu31924000610117 Textus]; 2a ed. Londinii, 1909; [https://archive.org/details/b21530142 Textus impressionis 1926]}} * 1907? : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1907)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''A Few Recipes'' (Londinii: Escoffier, 1907?) [https://archive.org/details/fewrecipesbymons00esco Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1907 : {{ec|id=Wiemann (1907)|c=Henriette Davidis; Gertrude Wiemann, ed., ''Praktisches Kochbuch für die bürgerliche und feine Küche. Neue illustrierte Ausgabe'' (Berolini: W. Herlet, 1907) [https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/davidis/kochbuch/kochbuch.html Recensio interretialis]}} * 1908 : [[Nathaniel Newnham-Davis]], ''The Gourmet's Guide to Europe''. 2a ed. Londinii: Grant Richards, 1908 [https://archive.org/details/b2152709x Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1908 : George Watt, ''The Commercial Products of India'' (Londinii: Murray) [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5683/ Textus] * 1909 : Eleanor Jenkinson, ''The Ocklye Cookery Book: a book of recipes by a lady and her cook''. Crowborough: H. Wilkins, 1909 [https://archive.org/details/b28065311/page/n79/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1911 : Robert H. Christie, ''Banquets of the Nations: eighty-six dinners characteristic and typical each of its own country''. Edinburgh: Gray, 1911 [https://archive.org/details/b21528676 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1911 : [[Nathaniel Newnham-Davis]], ''The Gourmet's Guide to Europe''. 3a ed. Londinii: Grant Richards, 1911 [https://archive.org/details/b2804938x Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1912 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1912)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''Le Livre des menus''. Lutetiae, 1912 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9629814d Textus]}} * 1912 : [[Franciscus Jammes|Francis Jammes]], ''Les Géorgiques chrétiennes'' (1912) [https://archive.org/details/lesgorgiquesch00jammuoft/page/144/mode/2up p. 145 editionis 1914] * 1912 : [[Georgius Earl Church|George Earl Church]]; [[Clements Markham]], ed., ''Aborigines of South America'' (London: Chapman and Hall, 1912) [https://archive.org/details/aboriginesofsout00churuoft/page/230/mode/2up pp. 231-233] * 1913 : Emilia Pardo Bazán, ''La cocina española antigua''. Matriti: Renacimiento, 1913 [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000244326 Textus] * 1914 : May Byron, ''Pot-luck, or The British home cookery book''. Londinii: Hodder & Stoughton, 1914 [https://archive.org/details/cu31924001893241 2a ed. 1915] * 1914 : [[Nathaniel Newnham-Davis]], ''The Gourmet's Guide to London''. Londinii: Grant Richards [https://archive.org/details/b28107548 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; Novi Eboraci: Brentano's [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/53304/53304-h/53304-h.htm Textus] apud ''Project Gutenberg'' * 1919 : [[Eduardus Nignon|Édouard Nignon]] et al., ''L'Heptameron des gourmets''. Lutetiae, 1909 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k315710q Textus] apud Gallica * 1919 : [[Eduardus Ludovicus Sturtevant|E. L. Sturtevant]]; U. P. Hedrick, ed., ''Sturtevant's notes on edible plants''. (''Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station'', 1919, pars 2.) Albaniae, 1919 [https://archive.org/details/sturtevantsnotes00sturuoft/ Textus] * 1920 : Carmen de Burgos, ''La cocina práctica'' (Valentiae: Sempere, 1920) [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000161962 Textus] * 1920 : [[Marcellus Rouff|Marcel Rouff]], ''La Vie et la passion de Dodin-Bouffant gourmet''. Lutetiae: Société littéraire de France (editio lacunosa); editio perfecta, 1924 [http://dodinbouffant.com/site_images/telechargement/La%20vie%20et%20passion%20de%20dodin-Bouffant.pdf Recensio interretialis editionis 1924] * 1920 : Julian Street, ''Where Paris Dines''. Garden City NY: Doubleday [https://archive.org/details/whereparisdines0000juli/ Textus] * 1921 : [[Bertrandus Guégan|Bertrand Guégan]], ''La fleur de la cuisine française''. Vol. 2. Lutetiae: La Sirène, 1921 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k42212299 textus] * 1922 : {{ec|id=Zäh (1922)|c=Henriette Davidis; Rudolf Zäh, ed., ''Praktisches Kochbuch für die bürgerliche und feine Küche. Volksausgabe'' (1922) [https://d-nb.info/575461721/04 Index capitulorum]}} * 1923 : {{Creanda|fr|Victor Thomas|Victor Thomas|Thomas Gringoire}}, [[Ludovicus Saulnier|Louis Saulnier]], ''Le Répertoire de la cuisine''. 3a ed. Londinii: Allard, 1923 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9638563t Textus] apud Gallica (1a ed. 1914) * 1926 : {{ec|Nignon (1926)|[[Eduardus Nignon|Édouard Nignon]], ''Les Plaisirs de la table''}} * 1927 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1927)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''Le Riz''. Lutetiae: Flammarion, 1927 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k858014w Textus]}} * 1928 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1928)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''L'Aide-mémoire culinaire''. Lutetiae: Flammarion, 1928 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1265661m Textus]}} * 1928 : {{ec|Croze (1928)|[[Augustinus de Croze|Austin de Croze]], ''Les Plats régionaux de France. 1400 succulentes recettes traditionnelles de toutes les provinces françaises''. Lutetiae: Editions Montaigne [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k323158z Textus]}} * 1929 : Dionisio Pérez, ''Guía del buen comer español''. Matriti, 1929 [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000204799 Textus] * 1930 : Gerardo Corrales, ''Club de cantiñeros de la República de Cuba: Manual oficial'' (Havanae, 1930) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1930-Club-de-Cantineros-de-la-Republica-de-Cuba-Manual-Oficial/50/ p. 51] ("Martini cocktail ... fórmula original creación de la case Martini & Rossi") * 1931 : {{ec|id=Grieve (1931)|c=[[Magdalena Grieve|Maud Grieve]]; [[Hilda Leyel]], ed., ''A modern herbal'' (Londinii: Jonathan Cape, 1931) p. 974 ("Meadowsweet") [http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/mgmh.html Recensio interretialis]}} * 1931 : ''Poesia nascosta: seicento ricette di cucina ebraica in Italia'' (Patavii, 1931) [http://www.archivio-torah.it/ebooks/poesianascosta/ Textus] * 1932 : {{ec|id=Sloppy Joe (1932)|c=''Sloppy Joe's Cocktails Manual'' (Havanae, 1932) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1932-Sloppy-Joe-s/8 pp. 9, 13] ("Bacardi cocktails: mojito; Gordon Dry Gin cocktails: mojito")}} * 1932 : Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, ''La cucina futurista''. Mediolani: Sonzogno, 1932 [https://archive.org/details/marin_cucina_1932_images/ Textus] * 1932 : Florence White, ''Good Things in England'' (Londinii: Jonathan Cape, 1932) ("caramel cream") * 1933 : {{ec|Nignon (1933)|[[Eduardus Nignon|Édouard Nignon]]; [[Sacha Guitry]], praef., : ''Éloges de la cuisine française''}} * 1933 : {{ec|id=Sloppy Joe (1933)|c=''Sloppy Joe's Cocktails Manual'' (Havanae, 1933) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1933-Sloppy-Joe-s-Cocktails-Manual/II p. 18] ("dry martini, sweet martini")}} * 1933 : [[Gualterus Starkie|Walter Starkie]], ''Raggle-Taggle: adventures with a fiddle in Hungary and Roumania'' (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.208611/page/n303/mode/2up p. 289] * 1934 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1934)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''Ma Cuisine''. Lutetiae: Flammarion, 1934 [https://archive.org/details/AugusteEscoffier1934FlamarionMaCuisineINDEXP677 Textus]}} * 1934 : {{ec|id= Duffy (1934)|c= Patrick Gavin Duffy,<ref>[https://library.cocktailkingdom.com/exh.figures.duffy_patrick_gavin.html de auctore]</ref> ''The official mixer's manual''. Novi Eboraci: Nathan Straus (?) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822031041288 Textus apud Hathi Trust] }} 2a ed. 1940; 3a ed. (a [[Iacobus Beard|James Beard]] aucta) 1956 * 1934 : Karoly Gundel, ''Kleines ungarisches Kochbuch'' ([https://kochbuchsuechtig.blogspot.com/2016/12/kleines-ungarisches-kochbuch.html Descriptio editionis posterioris]) * 1935 : {{Creanda|es|Marquesa de Parabere|María Mestayer de Echagüe}}, ''Platos escogidos de la cocina vasca''. Bilbao: Grijelmo, 1935 [http://www.kmliburutegia.net/Record/230001 Textus] * 1938 : {{ec|id=Montagné (1938)|c=[[Prosper Montagné]], ''[[Larousse gastronomique]]'' (Lutetiae: Larousse, 1938)}} * 1939 : ''Floridita cock-tails'' (Havanae, 1939) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1939-Floridita-Cock-tails/46 pp. 47-48] ("mojito criollo no. 1, no. 2, no.3") * 1939 : ''Sloppy Joe's Cocktail Manual'' (Havanae, 1939) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1939-Sloppy-Joe-s-Season-1939/10 pp. 10, 14] ("Sloppy Joe's ron drinks: mojito; jin mojito") * 1939 : {{ec|id=Baker (1939)|c= [[Carolus Henricus Baker|Charles H. Baker Jr]], ''The Gentleman’s Companion, Volume II: being an exotic drinking book''. Novi Eboraci: Derrydale Press, 1939 [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1939-The-Gentleman-s-Companion-volume-II-Beeing-an-Exotic-Drinking-Book/X Textus] }} * 1939 : Stanley Clisby Arthur, ''Famous New Orleans Drinks and How to Mix 'Em''. Novae Aureliae: Harmanson, 1939 [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1938-Famous-New-Orleans-Drinks-and-how-to-mix-em-3rd-printing-by-Stanley-Clisby-Arthur/2 Textus] * 1940 : Claud Bald, ''Indian Tea: 'A Textbook on the Culture and Manufacture of Tea.'' Ed. 5a. Calcuttae: Thacker, Spink & Co. [https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.3392 4a ed., 1922] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1941 : [[Crosby Gaige]], ''Cocktail Guide and Ladies' Companion''; [[Crosby Gaige]]; Lucius Beebe, praef., ''Cocktail Guide and Ladies' Companion''. 5a ed. Novi Eboraci: Fireside Press; [https://thecarycollection.com/products/crosby-gaiges-cocktail-guide-and-ladies-compamion de hac editione] * 1945 : {{Creanda|en|Buwei Yang Chao}}, {{Creanda|en|Yuen Ren Chao}}, ''{{Creanda|en|How to Cook and Eat in Chinese}}''. Novi Eboraci: John Day<ref>Charles W. Hayford, "Open Recipes Openly Arrived At" in ''Journal of Oriental Studies'' vol. 45 (2012) pp. 67-87 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/43498205 JSTOR]</ref> [https://archive.org/details/howtocookeatinch00cha0 exemplar mutuabilis editionis 1949]; [https://archive.org/details/howtocookeatinch00bych editionis 1963]; [https://archive.org/details/howtocookeatinch00chao editionis Britannicae] * 1946 : {{ec|id= Velázquez de León (1946)|c= {{Creanda|es|Josefina Velázquez de León|Iosephina Velázquez de León|Josefina Velázquez de León}}, ''Platillos regionales de la República Mexicana''. Mexicopoli, 1946 }} * 1947 : Zhang Tongzhi, "Baimen shipu" [List of Jinling’s Delicacies] in ''Nanjing wenxian'' [Nanjing documents] <ref>Andrea Montanari, "Gastronomic Practice in Zhang Tongzhi’s List of Jinling’s Delicacies" in ''Gastronomica'' vol. 19 (2019) pp. 10-19 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26854636 JSTOR]</ref> * 1948 : David A. Embury, ''The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks''. Novi Eboraci: Doubleday, 1948 * 1948 : Hilario Alonso Sánchez, ''El Arte del Cantinero'' (Havanae, 1948) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1948-El-Arte-del-Cantinero-Mixellany/468/ p. 436] ("mojito") * 1948 : ''Ron Daiquiri coctelera cocktail book'' (Havanae, 1948) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1948-Ron-Daiquiri-Coctelera-Cocktail-Book-Habana-Cuba/18/ p. 20] ("Cuban drinks: mojito") * 1949 : {{ec|id=Fisher (1949)|c=[[M. F. K. Fisher]], interpr., ''Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin: The Physiology of Taste; or, Meditations on transcendental gastronomy''. Novi Eboraci: Limited Editions Club, 1949}} * medio saeculo XX : [[Phia Sing]] ([[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], Jennifer Davidson, edd., ''Phia Sing: Traditional Recipes of Laos'' [Londinii: Prospect Books, 1981] pp. 48, 183, 197 et passim} * 1954 : [[Elizabeth David]], ''Italian Food''. Londinii: Macdonald * c. 1960 : Felice Cùnsolo, ''Cucina milanese''. Mediolani: Novedit, s.d. [https://archive.org/details/digitami_LO11012739/ Textus] * 1960 : {{ec|id=David (1960)|c=[[Elizabeth David]], ''[[French Provincial Cooking]]''. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1960}} * 1963 : [[Elizabeth David]], ''Italian Food''. Nova ed. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963) pp. 123-125 * 1974 : {{Creanda|en|Buwei Yang Chao}}, ''How to order and eat in Chinese''. Novi Eboraci: Vintage, 1974 [https://archive.org/details/howtoordereatinc00chao/page/n9/mode/2up Exemplar mutuabile] * 1974 : [[Sylvia Wu]], ''Madame Wu's Art of Chinese Cooking'' [https://archive.org/details/madamewusartofch00wusy Exemplar mutuabile editionis 1976] * 1975 : [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], ''Fish and Fish Dishes of Laos'' (Rutland: Tuttle, 1975) p. 104 * 1975 : {{ec|id=Lambert Ortiz (1975)|c=Elisabeth Lambert Ortiz, ''Caribbean Cooking'' (Londinii: Deutsch, 1975) pp. 76-77 et passim}} * 1979 : [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], ''North Atlantic Seafood'' (Londinii: Macmillan, 1979) pp. 186-187 * 1980 : Meera Taneja, ''Indian Regional Cookery'' (Londinii: Mills and Boon) pp. 18-19 ("aaloo samosa, ''pastries filled with spicy potato''") * 1981 : [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], ''Mediterranean Seafood'' (2a ed. Londinii: Penguin, 1981) p. 178 * 1982 : [[Alicia Waters|Alice Waters]], ''Chez Panisse Menu Cookbook''. ISBN 0-394-51787-3 * 1983 : {{ec|id=David (1983)|c=[[Elizabeth David]], ''[[French Provincial Cooking]]''. Nova ed. Londinii: Penguin, 1983}} * 1984 : [[Sylvia Wu]], ''Cooking With Madame Wu: yin and yang recipes for health and longevity''. Novi Eboraci: McGraw-Hill * 1993 : Rena Salaman, ''Greek Food''. Nova ed. (Londinii: Harper Collins, 1993) pp. 26, 66-67 ("mayiritsa") * 1995 : Maria Kaneva Johnson, ''The Melting Pot: Balkan food and cookery'' (Totenais: Prospect Books, 1995) pp. 78-79, cf. 63 * 1999 : ''Pat Chapman's Curry Bible''. Londinii: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-68037-7 == Saeculum XXI == * 2001 : [[Sylvia Wu]], ''Madame Wu's Garden : a pictorial history of a celebrated landmark''. Sanctae Monicae: Wu Enterprises, 2001 * 2001 : Diane Kochilas, ''The Glorious Foods of Greece'' (Novi Eboraci: William Morrow, 2001) p. 125 ("Greek Easter innards sausage: kokkoretsi") * 2002 : Eliana Thibaut i Comalada, ''La cuina tradicional de la Catalunya Nord'' (Cossetània Edicions, 2002. ISBN 84-95684-67-5) {{Google Books|34mqMjgDK7EC|p. 143}} ("llagostada o civet de llagosta de Cotlliure") * 2002 : William Rubel, ''The Magic of Fire'' (Berkeleiae: Ten Speed Press) pp. 112-113 ("lamb kebab") * 2003 : [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], ''Seafood of South-East Asia'' (2a ed. Totenais: Prospect Books, 2003) p. 139 * 2003 : Clifford Wright, ''The Little Foods of the Mediterranean'' (Cantabrigiae Mass.: Harvard Common Press, 2003) {{Google Books|x3t2IJeFIh8C|pp. 451-452}} ("mulinciana a schibecci" et "cucuzzeddi fritti cu schibecci", paropsides duae de melongena fricta e sicbeis) * 2006 : Christopher Grocock, Sally Grainger, edd., ''Apicius. A critical edition with an introduction and an English translation''. Totenais: Prospect Books. ISBN 1903018137 {{Ling|Latine|Anglice}} * 2006 : [[Fuchsia Dunlop]], ''Revolutionary Chinese Cookbook: recipes from Hunan province'' (Londinii: Ebury Press, 2006) pp. 76, 78-80 * 2010 : "Crab paste jeow: jeow nam bpoo" in Dorothy Culloty, ''Food from Northern Laos: the Boat Landing cookbook'' (Te Awamutu Novae Zelandiae: Galangal Press, 2010) [https://ffnlblog.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/food-from-n-laos-pdf-2019.pdf pp. 82-91, cf. p. 39] * 2013 : Cinzia Trenchi, Enzo Monaco, Mario Dadomo, ''Peperoncino. Momenti di passione piccante'' (Mediolani: White Star, 2013. ISBN 9788854021280)<ref>[https://www.unilibro.it/libro/trenchi-cinzia/peperoncino-momenti-passione-piccante/9788854021280 De hoc libro]</ref> * 2019 : [[Fuchsia Dunlop]], ''The Food of Sichuan'' (Londinii: Bloomsbury, 2019) pp. 342-367 == Eruditio == * K. T. Achaya, ''Indian Food: a historical companion'' (Dellii: Oxford University Press, 1994) * {{ec|id=Adams (2003)|c=J. N. Adams, ''Bilingualism and the Latin language'' (Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2003) pp. 448-449, 463, 496 et alibi}} * {{ec|id=Lambert (2002)|c=Carole Lambert, "Medieval France: B. The South" in Melitta Weiss Adamson, ed., ''Regional Cuisines of Medieval Europe: A Book of Essays'' (Londinii: Routledge, 2002) pp. 67-84}} * {{ec|id=Varey (2002)|c=Simon Varey, "Medieval and Renaissance Italy: A. The Peninsula" in Melitta Weiss Adamson, ed., ''Regional Cuisines of Medieval Europe: A Book of Essays'' (Londinii: Routledge, 2002) pp. 85-112}} * E. N. Anderson, ''Food and Environment in Early and Medieval China'' (Philadelphiae: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014) pp. 85-87 * {{ec|id=Andrews (1980)|c=A. C. Andrews, "Index of plants" in W. H. S. Jones, ''Pliny: Natural History, books XXIV-XXVII'' (Cantabrigiae Mass., editio recensa, 1980) pp. 485-557 s.v. "oenanthe"}} * Luc Bihl-Willette, ''Des tavernes aux bistrots. Une histoire des cafés'' (Lutetiae: L'Âge d'Homme, 1997. ISBN 9782825107737) * Eric Block, ''Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science''. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010 {{Google Books|6AB89RHV9ucC|Paginae selectae}} * Hector Bolitho, ''The Glorious Oyster: His History in Rome and in Britain, His Anatomy and Reproduction, how to Cook Him, and what Various Writers and Poets Have Written in His Praise''. Novi Eboraci: Knopf, 1929 * {{ec|id=Bosland et al. (1998)|c=[[Paulus Bosland|Paul W. Bosland]], Alton L. Bailey, Jaime Iglesias-Olivas, ''[http://contentdm.nmsu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/AgCircs/id/12518 Capsicum pepper varieties and classification]''. NMSU Cooperative Extension Service and Agricultural Experiment Station, 1998}} * {{ec|id=Burnett et Saberi (2008)|c=David Burnett, Helen Saberi, ''The Road to Vindaloo: curry cooks and curry books''. Totnes: Prospect Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-903018-57-6}} * David Burton, ''The Raj at Table: A Culinary History of the British in India''. Londinii: Faber, 1994 * Kwang-chi Chang, "Food and Food Vessels in Ancient China" in ''Transactions of the New York Academy of Medicine'' ser. 2a vol. 35 (1973) * Kwang-chi Chang, ed., ''Food in Chinese Culture''. Novo Portu: Yale University Press, 1977 * [[Eduardus Hetzel Schafer|Edward H. Schafer]], "T'ang" in Kwang-chi Chang, ed., ''Food in Chinese Culture'' (Novo Portu: Yale University Press, 1977) pp. 122-124 * Claire Clifton, Colin Spencer, edd., ''The Faber Book of Food''. Londinii: Faber, 1993 * [[Sophia Coe|Sophie D. Coe]], ''America's First Cuisines''. Austinopoli: University of Texas Press, 1994 [https://archive.org/details/americasfirstcui00coes Exemplar mutuabile] * J. Michelle Coghlan, ed., ''The Cambridge Companion to Literature and Food''. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2020 {{Google Books|acfVDwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * {{ec|id=Dalby (2000)|c= [[Andreas Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], ''Empire of Pleasures: luxury and indulgence in the Roman world''. Londinii: Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0415186242 }} * [[Andreas Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], ''Flavours of Byzantium''. Totenais: Prospect Books, 2003 * William J. Darby, Paul Ghalioungui, Louis Grivetti, ''Food: gift of Osiris'' (Londinii: Academic Press, 1977) pp. 656-660 * "The True Emulsion" in [[Elizabeth David]], ''An Omelette and a Glass of Wine'' (Londinii, 1984) {{Google Books|2aBCBAAAQBAJ|Fragmenta editionis recentioris}} * [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], ''Mediterranean Seafood'' (2a ed. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1981) pp. 50-54 * [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], ed., ''National and Regional Styles of Cookery: Proceedings: Oxford Symposium 1981'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1981) {{Google Books|zcNdB_sl2JkC|textus}} * Keiko Ohnuma, "Curry Rice: Gaijin Gold: how the British version of an Indian dish turned Japanese" in ''Petits propos culinaires'' no. 52; reimpressum in [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], Helen Saberi, edd., ''The Wilder Shores of Gastronomy'' (Berkeleiae: Ten Speed Press, 2002) pp. 160-167 * Antoine De Baecque, ''La France Gastronome: comment le restaurant est entré dans notre histoire''. Lutetiae: Payot, 2019. ISBN 978-2228922647 * Jan de Koning et al., ''Drawn After Nature: The Complete Botanical Watercolours of the 16th-Century Libri Picturati''. Lugduni Batavorum: KNIV Publishing, 2008 {{Google Books|3_Q4DwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * "Interior Regulations": A chapter in the ''Classic of Rites'' instructs us how to prepare food" in Daniel Ding, ''The Historical Roots of Technical Communication in the Chinese Tradition''. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020 {{Google Books|kSn_DwAAQBAJ|pp. 131-146}} * Lou DiPalo, Rachel Wharton, "Mozzarella (Burrata)" in ''DiPalo's Guide to the Essential Foods of Italy'' (Novi Eboraci: Ballantine, 2014) * {{ec|id=Dott (2020)|c=Brian R. Dott, ''The Chile Pepper in China: a cultural biography''. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 2020}} * {{ec|id=Downie (2017)|c=David Downie, ''A Taste of Paris'' (Novi Eboraci: St Martin's Press, 2017) pp. 184-201 {{Google Books|aX1EDgAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} }} * R. L. 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ISBN 978-0-8247-4780-0) * Pierre Hurtubise, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/hes_0752-5702_1994_num_13_2_1695 «De Honesta Voluptate» ou l'art de bien manger à Rome pendant la Renaissance]" in ''Annales: Histoire, économie & société'' vol. 13 no. 2 (1994) pp. 235-247 * Pierre Hurtubise, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5110_1980_num_92_1_2546 La "Table" d'un cardinal de la Renaissance]" in ''Mélanges de l'Ecole fraiçaise de Rome: Moyen-Age'' vol. 92 (1980) pp. 249-282 * Pierre Hurtubise, "Une vie de palais: la cour du cardinal Alexandre Farnèse vers 1563" in ''Renaissance and Reformation'' vol. 16 (1992) pp. 37-54 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/43445591 JSTOR] * "Fermented Foods of the Far East" in Robert W. Hutkins, ''Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods'' (2a ed. 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Lutetiae: Albin Michel, 1998}} * Cecilia Leong-Salobir, ''Food Culture in Colonial Asia: a taste of empire'' (Londinii: Routledge, 2011) p. 18 * "Foodiegate: Ritz and Escoffier at the Savoy" in [[Paulus Levy|Paul Levy]], ''Out to Lunch'' (Londinii: Chatto & Windus, 1986) pp. 225-230 * Gilly Lehmann, "[https://journals.openedition.org/shakespeare/1693 At The Dramatists’ Table: The Climax and Decline of a Mannerist Cuisine in England, 1580-1630]" in Pierre Kapitaniak et al., edd., ''Shakespeare et les arts de la table: Actes du congrès organisé par la Société Française Shakespeare les 17, 18 et 19 mars 2011'' (OpenEdition Journals, 2012 [https://journals.openedition.org/shakespeare/1684 ~]) * Manuel Martínez Llopis, Simone Ortega, ''La Cocina típica de Madrid'' (Matriti: Alianza Editorial, 1987) pp. 95-101 * Janet Long-Solís, ''Capsicum y cultura: la historia del chilli'' (2a ed. 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US Department of Commerce, 2017) [https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/3011 vol. 1] [https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/3028 vol. 2] [https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/2997 vol. 3] * {{ec|id=McKnight (2004)|c=Justine Woodard McKnight, “A Study of Native American Plant Use, based on a review of early historic comments on subsistence and technology” in Charles LeeDecker et al., Archaeology of the Puncheon Run Site (Dover: Delaware Department of Transportation, 2004/2005) [http://deldot.gov/environmental/archaeology/puncheon_run/index.shtml vol. 2 pp. E1-E123]}} * Thomas McNamee, ''Alice Waters and Chez Panisse: The Romantic, Impractical, Often Eccentric, Ultimately Brilliant Making of a Food Revolution''. 2007. ISBN 978-1-59420-115-8 * {{ec|id=Young (2013)|c=Carolin C. Young, "The Soup that Went Into the Tureen" in Mark McWilliams, ed., ''Food & Material Culture: Proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2013''. Totenais: Prospect Books, 2014 {{Google Books|yj8QDgAAQBAJ|pp. 33-47}} (vide "Vincent La Chapelle and the Chesterfield Tureen", pp. 33-43)}} * [[Raimundus Sokolov|Ray Sokolov]], "Secrets of the Great Chefs: decrypting untrustworthy communications from the kitchens of Carême, Escoffier and Guérard" in Mark McWilliams, ed., ''Food & Communication: proceedings of the Oxford Symposium in Food and Cookery 2015'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 2015) pp. 20-28 * "Cheddar Cheese" in Laura Mason, Catherine Brown, ''Traditional Foods of Britain: an inventory'' (Totnes: Prospect Books, 1999) pp. 118-120 * {{ec|id=Mencken (1945)|c=[[H. L. 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Dellii: Bharatiya Vidya, 1987; 1a ed., titulo ''Food and drinks in ancient India'' (1961) [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.10960/page/n47/mode/2up pp. 22-24 et passim] * José Pardo-Tomás, María Luz López Terrada, ''[https://www.academia.edu/508720/Las_primeras_noticias_sobre_plantas_americanas_en_las_relaciones_de_viajes_y_crónicas_de_Indias_1493-1553 Las primeras noticias sobre plantas americanas en las relaciones de viajes y crónicas de Indias (1493-1553)]''. Valencia : Instituto de Estudios Documentales e Históricos sobre la Ciencia, 1993 [http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/91333 alibi] * Brad Thomas Parsons, ''Bitters: a spirited history of a classic cure-all''. Berkeleiae: Ten Speed Press, 2011 * Jeffrey M. 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How Columbus Changed the Way the World Eats'' (Novi Eboraci: Simon & Schuster, 1991) pp. 29-31 {{Google Books|EH9LqhXuJ3QC|Paginae selectae}} * Yan-kit So, ''Classic Food of China'' (Londinii: Macmillan, 1992) pp. 27-28 * {{ec|id=Spang (2020)|c=Rebecca Spang, ''The Invention of the Restaurant: Paris and modern gastronomic culture''. 2a ed. Cantabrigiae Massachusettensium: Harvard University Press, 2020}} * {{ec|id=Srinivasa Iyengar (1930)|c="Food" in P. T. Srinivasa Iyengar, ''Pre-Aryan Tamil Culture'' (Maderaspatani: University of Madras, 1930) [https://archive.org/details/prearyantamilculturesrinivasaiyengarp.t._206_u/page/n57/mode/2up pp. 57-65]}} * Keith Steinkraus, ''Handbook of Indigenous Fermented Foods'' (2a ed. 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Novi Eboraci: Routledge, 2001 {{Google Books|OAMA51H9tfUC|Paginae selectae}} * Paul Wheatley, "Geographical notes on some commodities involved in Sung maritime trade" in ''Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society'' vol. 32 no. 2 (1959) pp. 1-140 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41503160 JSTOR] * {{ec|id=Wheaton (1983)|c=Barbara Ketcham Wheaton, ''Savouring the past'' (London: Chatto & Windus, 1983) p. 128}} * {{ec|id=Dalby (1995)|c=[[Andreas Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], "Archestratos: where and when?" in John Wilkins, David Harvey, Mike Dobson, edd., ''Food in antiquity'' (Exoniae: Exeter University Press, 1995) pp. 400–412}} * {{ec|id= Wondrich (2015)|c= David Wondrich, ''Imbibe! From Absinthe Cocktail to Whiskey Smash, a Salute in Stories and Drinks to "Professor" Jerry Thomas, Pioneer of the American Bar''. 2a ed. Novi Eboraci: Perigee, 2015. ISBN 978-0-399-53287-0 }} (editio 1a: 2007) * {{ec|id=Zancani (2017)|c=Diego Zancani, "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/02614340.2010.11917482 Notes on the vocabulary of gastronomy in literary works from Boccaccio to Giulio Cesare Croce]" in ''The Italianist'' vol. 30 suppl. 2 (2010) pp. 132-148, praecipue pp. 136-137}} * Heinrich Zimmer, ''Altindisches Leben'' (Berolini: Weidmann, 1879) [https://archive.org/details/altindischeslebe00zimm/page/272/mode/2up pp. 272-280] * {{Zohary}} pp. 195-197 == Lexica == * {{ec|id=Allsopp (1996)|c=Richard Allsopp, ''Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage'' (Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1996) s.v. cabeche}} * Mary Ella Milham, "Platina" in {{Arndt}} pp. 288-291 * Albert Barrère, Charles Godfrey Leland, ''A Dictionary of Slang, Jargon and Cant'' (Ballantyne Press, 1889-1890) [https://archive.org/details/adictionaryofsla01barriala 1] [https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofslan02barriala 2] * Paul Martin Blüher, ''Blühers Rechtschreibung der Speisen und Getränke : alphabetisches Fachlexikon''. 1899 [https://archive.org/details/b21504696 Textus] * Marianne Bouchon, "[http://documents.irevues.inist.fr/bitstream/handle/2042/2928/04%20TEXTE.pdf Latin de cuisine]" in ''Archivum Latinitatis Medii Aevi'' vol. 22 (1952) pp. 63-76 * {{ec|id=Cassidy et Le Page (1967)|c=F. 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Lutetiae: Bachelin-Deflorenne, 1867) vol. 1 {{Google Books|ew8PAAAAQAAJ|vol. 1 pp. 428-434}} {{GB|jQ8PAAAAQAAJ|vol. 2}}}} * Conradus Dinnerus, ''Epithetorum Graecorum farrago locupletissima''.Lugduni, 1607 {{Google Books|iFdpEMsxpk4C}} * Bronwen Percival, "Cheddar"; Val Bines, "Cheddaring" in Catherine Donnelly, ed., ''The Oxford Companion to cheese'' (Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press, 2016) pp. 131-136 * Stephen Facciola, ''Cornucopia: a source book of edible plants'' (Vista: Kampong Publications, 1990. ISBN 0-9628087-0-9) p. 153 * "Chile" in Georg Friederici, ''Amerikanistisches Wörterbuch'' (Hamburgi: Cram, De Gruyter, 1947) pp. 174-175 {{Google Books|j7J6DwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * Charles Perry, "Qaṭāʾif" in Darra Goldstein, ed., ''The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets'' (Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2015) p. 569 * Samuel Halkett, John Laing; James Kennedy et al., edd., ''[[Dictionary of Anonymous and Pseudonymous English Literature]]'' (editio aucta. 9 voll. 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Katz, ed., ''Encyclopedia of Food and Culture'' (Novi Eboraci: Scribner, 2003) vol. 3 pp. 346-349 * "Glossaire technique" in Grégoire Lozinski, ed., ''[[La Bataille de Caresme et de Charnage]]'' (Lutetiae: Honoré Champion, 1933) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k40533/f131 pp. 121-190] * "[[:s:fr:Page:Michaud - Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne - 1843 - Tome 2.djvu/565|Bacci (André)]]" in Louis-Gabriel Michaud, ed., ''Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne'' 2a ed. vol. 2 (Lutetiae, 1843) p. 560 ([[:s:fr:Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne/2e éd., 1843|index]]) * {{ec|id=Rey (1998)|c=Alain Rey, ed., ''Dictionnaire historique de la langue française'' (2a ed. Lutetiae: Le Robert, 1998) vol. 1 p. 407}} * "Risotto" in Gillian Riley, ''The Oxford Companion to Italian Food'' (Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press, 2007) pp. 444-445 * Jancis Robinson, ''The Oxford Companion to Wine''. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1994. 3a ed., 2006. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080721091842/http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_index.jsp?alphabet=b pirated] * Andrew F. Smith, ed., ''The Oxford Companion to American Food and Drink''. Oxford University Press, 2007 {{Google Books|AoWlCmNDA3QC|Paginae selectae}} * Mary Ellen Snodgrass, ''Encyclopedia of Kitchen History''. Fitzroy Dearborn, 2004 * ''The Wealth of India: Raw Materials''. Dillii, 1948- [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46097 A-B] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.73201 A-B] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46098 C] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46099 F-G] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.23547 H-K] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46100 L-M] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46101 N-Pe] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.39929 Ph-Re]; nova editio [https://archive.org/details/wealthofindiadic0000unse Ca-Ci] [https://kipdf.com/the-wealth-of-india-raw-materials-series_5ac5ff871723dddc5d22ae66.html De serie] * [[D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson]], ''Glossary of Greek Fishes'' (Londinii: Oxford University Press, 1947) p. 132 s.v. "κραγγών" == Mote == * p. 216 ''[[大明會典|Da-Ming huidian]]'' [http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Historiography/minghuidian.html CK] ''[[:en:Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty]] * p. 216, 219 ''[[明實錄|Ming shilu]]'' [http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Historiography/mingshilu.html CK] ''[[:en:Ming Shilu]]'' ** ''Ming Taizu shilu'' * p. 221, 248 ''[[金瓶梅|Jin ping mei]]'' [http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Novels/jinpingmei.html CK] ''[[:en:Jin Ping Mei]]'' David Tod Roy translation at LL * p. 227 [[Jia Ming]], ''[[饮食须知|Yinshi xuzhi]]'' ''[[:de:Yinshi xuzhi (Jia Ming)]]'' * p. 236, 245 [[Gu Qiyuan]] (Ku ch'i-yuan) 1565-1628, ''[[客座赘语|Kezuo zhuiyu]]'' ''K'e-tso chui-yü'' 1618. [[:zh:顾起元]], ''[[:zh:客座赘语]]'' (cf. [http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Science/shuolve.html CK]) == Bibliographiae == * Georges Vicaire, ''Bibliographie gastronomique''. Lutetiae: Rouquette, 1890 {{Google Books|FZY9AAAAYAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/b21779442 apud ''Internet Archive''] * [http://terroirs.denfrance.free.fr/p/frameset/07.html Bibliographia Francogallica] == Achaya == * [[Ludovicus Vartomannus]] 1510 ([https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_vwzaAGAfAKMC Italiane] [https://archive.org/details/itinerario00vartuoft reimpressum] [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb11196587_00001.html versio Latina] [https://archive.org/details/travelsofludovic00vartrich versio Jones & Badger pp. 15, ]) [[:en:Ludovico di Varthema]] * [[Dominicus Paes]] c. 1522 ([https://archive.org/stream/chronicadosreisd00nune#page/80/mode/2up Lusitane] [https://archive.org/details/aforgottenempir00paesgoog Sewell pp. 237, 249, 255-6, 258-9]). [[:en:Domingo Paes]]. See [https://www.academia.edu/838106/Travel_and_ethnology_in_the_Renaissance_South_India_through_European_eyes_1250-1625 Rubiés] p. 20 and passim * [[Ferdinandus Nuniz]] c. 1537 ([https://archive.org/details/itinerario00vartuoft Lusitane] [https://archive.org/details/aforgottenempir00paesgoog Sewell] p. 375). [[:en:Fernão Nunes]]. See [https://www.academia.edu/838106/Travel_and_ethnology_in_the_Renaissance_South_India_through_European_eyes_1250-1625 Rubiés] p. 20 and passim * [[Antonio Monserrate]] c. 1580 ([https://archive.org/stream/memoirsofasiatic03asia#page/n597/mode/2up text] [https://archive.org/details/commentaryoffath00monsuoft transl. pp. 25, 149, 199, 214] [[:fr:Antonio Monserrate]] * [[Radulphus Fitch]] c. 1591 ([https://archive.org/details/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft Foster] pp. 38 [Chiangmai], 45-47) [[:en:Ralph Fitch]] * [[Gulielmus Finch]] c. 1611 ([https://archive.org/details/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft Foster] pp. 150-151, 166) [[:en:William Finch (merchant)]] * [[Eduardus Terry]] c. 1619 ([https://archive.org/details/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft Foster] p. 297) and in ''Purchas his Pilgrimes'' [[:en:Edward Terry (author)]] == Vide == * Rubiés 2000 (downloaded) 3bo9jnenoqbq60tsu8vke8swnrvtuxy Petrus Sabatier 0 325600 3965122 3964726 2026-06-15T21:13:16Z Ailamnos 165281 Nexus 3965122 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Vetus italica g.jpg|thumb|Prima pagina primi voluminis ''Veteris Latinae'' cura Petri Sabatier editi (1743)]] '''Petrus Sabatier''', [[Pictavium|Pictavii]] anno 1682 natus, [[Remis]] die 24 Martii 1742 mortuus, fuit monachus Congregationis Sancti Mauri [[Ordo Sancti Benedicti|Ordinis Sancti Benedicti]], natione [[Francicus]], primus [[Vetus Latina|veterum versionum Latinarum]] [[Biblia Sacra|Bibliorum sacrorum]] investigator. == Vita == Duodeviginta annos natus, [[Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis|abbatiam Sancti Germani a Pratis]] ingressus est, ubi inter magistros [[Ioannes Mabillon|Ioannem Mabillon]] habuit. Post aliquot vero annos, cum in controversiis ad Iansenismum pertinentibus particeps fuisset, in abbatiam Remensem translatus est<ref>Ricciotti, Iosephus (1936) [https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/pierre-sabatier_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ SABATIER, Pierre.] In: ''Enciclopedia'' ''Italiana'' [in interreti], Treccani.</ref>. Opus eius magnum, quod ''Sacrorum'' ''Latinae versiones antiquae seu vetus Italica et ceterae quaecumque in codicibus manuscriptis et antiquorum libris reperiri potuerunt'', ''quae cum Vulgata'' ''Latina et cum textu Graeco comparantur'' inscribitur, ab anno 1742 typis exarari coepit. Etiamsi in primis paginis trium voluminum annus 1743 inveniri posset, reapse editio nonnisi anno 1749 peracta est<ref>Houghton, H.A.G. (2016) ''[https://academic.oup.com/book/12425/chapter/162894310?login=false Editions and Resources.]'' In: ''The Latin New Testament: A Guide to its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts'', pp. 113–142. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198744733.003.0006, ISBN 978-0-19-874473-3</ref>. == Opera == * ''Bibliorum Sacrorum'' ''Latinae versiones antiquae ...'' (tomus primus)<ref>Petrus Sabatier (ed., 1743) ''Bibliorum Sacrorum Latinae versiones antiquae... [[iarchive:bibliorumsacroru01saba/page/n7/mode/2up|Tomus primus.]]'' Remis.</ref> * ''Bibliorum Sacrorum'' ''Latinae versiones antiquae ...'' (tomus secundus)<ref>Petrus Sabatier (ed., 1743) ''Bibliorum Sacrorum Latinae versiones antiquae... [[iarchive:Bibliorum_Sacrorum_Latinae_Versiones_Antiquae_Seu_Vetus_Italica_Part2|Tomus secundus.]]'' Remis.</ref> * ''Bibliorum Sacrorum'' ''Latinae versiones antiquae ...'' (tomus tertius)<ref>Petrus Sabatier (ed., 1743) ''Bibliorum Sacrorum Latinae versiones antiquae... [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10798847?page=9 Tomus tertius.]'' Remis.</ref> == Notae == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Sabatier, Petrus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1682]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1742]] [[Categoria:Monachi catholici]] [[Categoria:Pictavium]] [[Categoria:Remi]] rhbsooar94fkc2no33gqkd4aeszilk3 Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus) 0 325623 3965042 2026-06-15T13:36:25Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3965042 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Saint-Gorgon église 03 PhotoStitch.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sanctus Gorgonius: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesiae]] [[Sanctus Gorgonius|Sancto Gorgonio]] dicatae turris campanaria.]] {{res|Sanctus Gorgonius }}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 2, p. 173.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Saint-Gorgon'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 359 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Gorgon (Vosges)|Sanctum Gorgonium}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] cc00ilujyiuqx6ea8ny3v4hkj46ilsb Disputatio:Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus) 1 325624 3965043 2026-06-15T13:37:54Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3965043 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Saint-Gorgon (Vosges)|235806635}} omo8c3ov95xao2bget5zqlnu46u248s Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus) 0 325625 3965044 2026-06-15T13:42:50Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3965044 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Saint-Julien (2).JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sanctus Genesius: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Iulianus|Sancto Iuliano]] dicata.]] {{res|Sanctus Genesius}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 2, p. 140.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Saint-Genest'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 131 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Genest (Vosges)|Sanctum Genesium}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] hj5do6xq006mm5zpzitj77mjffugh51 Disputatio:Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus) 1 325626 3965045 2026-06-15T13:45:09Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3965045 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Saint-Genest (Vosges)|235951213}} oq1p940l7w6bwmopo3rd1uibpm70at0 Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam 0 325627 3965046 2026-06-15T14:07:47Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3965046 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Eglise de l'invention.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] de inventione dicta.]] {{res|Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 421.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Saint-Étienne-lès-Remiremont'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:3818}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Cives notabiles == * [[Adrianus Bailly]] (1875-1955), director scholarum professionalum [[Tado]]nis et [[Mulhouse]], avunculus scriptoris [[Henricus Thomas|Henrici Thomas]], hic natus est. * [[Paulus George]], dictus ''Georgius Airelle'' (1882-1947), magister scholarum, syndicalista, auctor plurium operum, hic natus est. * [[Carolus Guyon]] (1830-1895), consiliarius generalis pro pago [[Remiremont]] anno 1888, hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Étienne-lès-Remiremont|Sanctum Stephanum ultra Mosellam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] 7pk5cpufjgycm4qwgw3cfnam6uxntz9 3965047 3965046 2026-06-15T14:08:45Z Pippobuono 54500 nexus 3965047 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Eglise de l'invention.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] de inventione dicta.]] {{res|Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 421.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Saint-Étienne-lès-Remiremont'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:3818}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Cives notabiles == * [[Adrianus Bailly]] (1875-1955), director scholarum professionalum [[Tado]]nis et [[Mulhouse]], avunculus scriptoris [[Henricus Thomas|Henrici Thomas]], hic natus est. * [[Paulus George]], dictus ''Georgius Airelle'' (1882-1947), magister scholarum, syndicalista, auctor plurium operum, hic natus est. * [[Carolus Guyon]] (1830-1895), consiliarius generalis pro pago [[Romarici Mons|Romarici Montis]] anno 1888, hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Étienne-lès-Remiremont|Sanctum Stephanum ultra Mosellam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] sf0ag74tq3878t67wexobwocl62kbpi Disputatio:Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam 1 325628 3965048 2026-06-15T14:10:12Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3965048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Saint-Étienne-lès-Remiremont|236753074}} t4j9lwrobje1b8p9e38xjdoygwpcen2 Anglemont 0 325629 3965050 2026-06-15T14:21:00Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3965050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Anglemont, Mairie.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Anglemont: [[vici conciliabulum]].]] {{res|Anglemont}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 144 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Cives notabiles == * [[Nicolaus Triboulot]] (1803-1877), notarius, hic natus est. * [[Henricus Thomas]] (1912-1993), scriptor, hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Anglemont|Anglemont}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] fg8qkwjxom8uw5v9subzq33p4lb193z Disputatio:Anglemont 1 325630 3965051 2026-06-15T14:22:35Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3965051 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Anglemont|236669202}} obf2ujr7xz2b7sxmdroncq6gcpu9vk5 De Canaria 0 325631 3965053 2026-06-15T14:29:53Z ~2026-34948-08 210992 tractatus 3965053 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''De Canaria et insulis reliquis ultra Hispaniam in Oceano noviter repertis''''' est tractatus in prosa [[Lingua Latina|Latina]] a [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] compositus, circa annum [[1342]]. Textus notitias de [[Insulis Canariis]] continet, ex epistula a mercatoribus Florentinis [[Hispali]] degentibus transmissa.<ref name="bocchi_la">{{cita web |autor=Bocchi, Andrea |título=Appunti di lettura sul De Canaria |url=https://www.academia.edu/80834828/Appunti_di_lettura_sul_De_Canaria |sitioweb=Academia.edu |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Initium == Textus his verbis incipit, datam et fontem epistolarem indicans: epistula, Hispali die XV mensis Novembris anni MCCCXLI signata, a mercatoribus Florentinis Florentiam missa erat, rem gestam navium regis [[Alphonsi IV Portugalliae]] narrans.<ref name="ciampi_la">{{cita web |autor=Ciampi, Sebastiano |título=Monumenti d'un manoscritto autografo di Gio. Boccacci da Certaldo |url=https://archive.org/details/monumentidunman00firegoog |sitioweb=Internet Archive |fecha=1827 |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Adverbium ''noviter'' in titulo ostendit textum circa tempus expeditionis compositum esse.<ref name="ciampi_la" /> 9u0mpkwb857e0vserwiauelutq05e8y 3965054 3965053 2026-06-15T14:31:04Z ~2026-34948-08 210992 historia 3965054 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''De Canaria et insulis reliquis ultra Hispaniam in Oceano noviter repertis''''' est tractatus in prosa [[Lingua Latina|Latina]] a [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] compositus, circa annum [[1342]]. Textus notitias de [[Insulis Canariis]] continet, ex epistula a mercatoribus Florentinis [[Hispali]] degentibus transmissa.<ref name="bocchi_la">{{cita web |autor=Bocchi, Andrea |título=Appunti di lettura sul De Canaria |url=https://www.academia.edu/80834828/Appunti_di_lettura_sul_De_Canaria |sitioweb=Academia.edu |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Initium == Textus his verbis incipit, datam et fontem epistolarem indicans: epistula, Hispali die XV mensis Novembris anni MCCCXLI signata, a mercatoribus Florentinis Florentiam missa erat, rem gestam navium regis [[Alphonsi IV Portugalliae]] narrans.<ref name="ciampi_la">{{cita web |autor=Ciampi, Sebastiano |título=Monumenti d'un manoscritto autografo di Gio. Boccacci da Certaldo |url=https://archive.org/details/monumentidunman00firegoog |sitioweb=Internet Archive |fecha=1827 |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Adverbium ''noviter'' in titulo ostendit textum circa tempus expeditionis compositum esse.<ref name="ciampi_la" /> == Historia == Mense Iulio anni 1341 ex Olisipone expeditio trium navium, [[Alphonso IV Portugalliae|rege Alphonso IV Portugalliae]] auctore, profecta est, duce Florentino Angiolino del Tegghia de' Corbizzi et duce Genuensi [[Nicoloso da Recco]], cum remigibus Italicis, Lusitanis et Castellanis mixtis.<ref name="conquista_la">{{cita web |título=Conquest of the Canary Islands |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands |sitioweb=Wikipedia (Anglice) |idioma=en |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Expeditio per quinque menses in archipelago navigavit, tredecim insulas in tabulas redegit et cum quattuor indigenis Olisiponem rediit.<ref name="conquista_la" /> Nicoloso da Recco rem gestam familiaribus suis narravit; haec notitia ad mercatores Florentinos Hispali degentes pervenit, qui eam per epistulam ad societatem bancariam [[Bardi (gens)|Bardorum]] miserunt.<ref name="retranslating_la">{{cita web |título=A new approach to retranslating: (Re)translations of the chronicles of the discovery and conquest of the Canary Islands |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369927723_A_new_approach_to_retranslating_Retranslations_of_the_chronicles_of_the_discovery_and_conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands |sitioweb=ResearchGate |fecha=2023 |idioma=en |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Boccaccio, qui hanc epistulam nactus est, eam in Latinum classicum vertit et in volumen ''De Canaria'' incluit.<ref name="retranslating_la" /> Textus unico codice autographo, qui [[Zibaldone Magliabechiano]] appellatur (Banco Rari 50, [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Centralis Florentiae]]), servatur.<ref name="tesi_la">{{cita web |autor=Bocchi, Andrea |título="De Canaria ed insulis reliquis ultra Ispaniam in Occeano noviter repertis" di Giovanni Boccaccio: edizione critica, traduzione e commento |url=https://etd.adm.unipi.it/t/etd-11272013-193812/ |sitioweb=Archivio digitale delle tesi, Università di Pisa |fecha=2013 |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Hic codex miscellanea textuum Latinorum, plerique historici, ex auctoribus classicis et mediaevaliibus collecta est, cuius tempora controversa sunt: sectio ultima ex causis internis ad annum 1356 refertur, sectiones priores vero inter finem decennii XXX saeculi XIV et medium decennium L eiusdem saeculi collocantur.<ref name="enteboccaccio_la">{{cita web |título=Firenze Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - Banco Rari 50 |url=https://www.enteboccaccio.it/s/ente-boccaccio/item/2719 |sitioweb=Ente Nazionale Giovanni Boccaccio |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> grq7lyzlzsy3koqq5trsrr7dy1pg0s0 3965055 3965054 2026-06-15T14:32:14Z ~2026-34948-08 210992 Structura 3965055 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''De Canaria et insulis reliquis ultra Hispaniam in Oceano noviter repertis''''' est tractatus in prosa [[Lingua Latina|Latina]] a [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] compositus, circa annum [[1342]]. Textus notitias de [[Insulis Canariis]] continet, ex epistula a mercatoribus Florentinis [[Hispali]] degentibus transmissa.<ref name="bocchi_la">{{cita web |autor=Bocchi, Andrea |título=Appunti di lettura sul De Canaria |url=https://www.academia.edu/80834828/Appunti_di_lettura_sul_De_Canaria |sitioweb=Academia.edu |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Initium == Textus his verbis incipit, datam et fontem epistolarem indicans: epistula, Hispali die XV mensis Novembris anni MCCCXLI signata, a mercatoribus Florentinis Florentiam missa erat, rem gestam navium regis [[Alphonsi IV Portugalliae]] narrans.<ref name="ciampi_la">{{cita web |autor=Ciampi, Sebastiano |título=Monumenti d'un manoscritto autografo di Gio. Boccacci da Certaldo |url=https://archive.org/details/monumentidunman00firegoog |sitioweb=Internet Archive |fecha=1827 |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Adverbium ''noviter'' in titulo ostendit textum circa tempus expeditionis compositum esse.<ref name="ciampi_la" /> == Historia == Mense Iulio anni 1341 ex Olisipone expeditio trium navium, [[Alphonso IV Portugalliae|rege Alphonso IV Portugalliae]] auctore, profecta est, duce Florentino Angiolino del Tegghia de' Corbizzi et duce Genuensi [[Nicoloso da Recco]], cum remigibus Italicis, Lusitanis et Castellanis mixtis.<ref name="conquista_la">{{cita web |título=Conquest of the Canary Islands |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands |sitioweb=Wikipedia (Anglice) |idioma=en |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Expeditio per quinque menses in archipelago navigavit, tredecim insulas in tabulas redegit et cum quattuor indigenis Olisiponem rediit.<ref name="conquista_la" /> Nicoloso da Recco rem gestam familiaribus suis narravit; haec notitia ad mercatores Florentinos Hispali degentes pervenit, qui eam per epistulam ad societatem bancariam [[Bardi (gens)|Bardorum]] miserunt.<ref name="retranslating_la">{{cita web |título=A new approach to retranslating: (Re)translations of the chronicles of the discovery and conquest of the Canary Islands |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369927723_A_new_approach_to_retranslating_Retranslations_of_the_chronicles_of_the_discovery_and_conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands |sitioweb=ResearchGate |fecha=2023 |idioma=en |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Boccaccio, qui hanc epistulam nactus est, eam in Latinum classicum vertit et in volumen ''De Canaria'' incluit.<ref name="retranslating_la" /> Textus unico codice autographo, qui [[Zibaldone Magliabechiano]] appellatur (Banco Rari 50, [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Centralis Florentiae]]), servatur.<ref name="tesi_la">{{cita web |autor=Bocchi, Andrea |título="De Canaria ed insulis reliquis ultra Ispaniam in Occeano noviter repertis" di Giovanni Boccaccio: edizione critica, traduzione e commento |url=https://etd.adm.unipi.it/t/etd-11272013-193812/ |sitioweb=Archivio digitale delle tesi, Università di Pisa |fecha=2013 |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Hic codex miscellanea textuum Latinorum, plerique historici, ex auctoribus classicis et mediaevaliibus collecta est, cuius tempora controversa sunt: sectio ultima ex causis internis ad annum 1356 refertur, sectiones priores vero inter finem decennii XXX saeculi XIV et medium decennium L eiusdem saeculi collocantur.<ref name="enteboccaccio_la">{{cita web |título=Firenze Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - Banco Rari 50 |url=https://www.enteboccaccio.it/s/ente-boccaccio/item/2719 |sitioweb=Ente Nazionale Giovanni Boccaccio |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Structura == Textus in capita numerata formaliter non dividitur. In duas partes distinguitur: pars prior fontem epistolarem explanat, pars altera insulas et incolas describit.<ref name="bocchi_la" /><ref name="tesi_la" /> Genus dicendi breve et directum est, adfine stylo relationum mercatoriarum illius aetatis.<ref name="cronicas_la">{{cita web |título=Giovanni Boccaccio y el redescubrimiento de Canarias |url=https://www.cronicasdelanzarote.es/opinion/alfonso-licata/giovanni-boccaccio-redescubrimiento-canarias/20231230102356330687.html |sitioweb=Crónicas de Lanzarote |fecha=2023 |idioma=es |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Analysis philologica codicis octavo fasciculo [[Zibaldone Magliabechiano|Zibaldonis Magliabechiani]], in quo ''De Canaria'' inscripta est, praecipue incumbit, cum variis indiciis ad chronologiam et modum compositionis Boccaccii pertinentibus.<ref name="tesi_la" /> 1r0r5shjuu9f5qo3mkobd5ji1znud3b 3965056 3965055 2026-06-15T14:32:57Z ~2026-34948-08 210992 materia 3965056 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''De Canaria et insulis reliquis ultra Hispaniam in Oceano noviter repertis''''' est tractatus in prosa [[Lingua Latina|Latina]] a [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] compositus, circa annum [[1342]]. Textus notitias de [[Insulis Canariis]] continet, ex epistula a mercatoribus Florentinis [[Hispali]] degentibus transmissa.<ref name="bocchi_la">{{cita web |autor=Bocchi, Andrea |título=Appunti di lettura sul De Canaria |url=https://www.academia.edu/80834828/Appunti_di_lettura_sul_De_Canaria |sitioweb=Academia.edu |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Initium == Textus his verbis incipit, datam et fontem epistolarem indicans: epistula, Hispali die XV mensis Novembris anni MCCCXLI signata, a mercatoribus Florentinis Florentiam missa erat, rem gestam navium regis [[Alphonsi IV Portugalliae]] narrans.<ref name="ciampi_la">{{cita web |autor=Ciampi, Sebastiano |título=Monumenti d'un manoscritto autografo di Gio. Boccacci da Certaldo |url=https://archive.org/details/monumentidunman00firegoog |sitioweb=Internet Archive |fecha=1827 |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Adverbium ''noviter'' in titulo ostendit textum circa tempus expeditionis compositum esse.<ref name="ciampi_la" /> == Historia == Mense Iulio anni 1341 ex Olisipone expeditio trium navium, [[Alphonso IV Portugalliae|rege Alphonso IV Portugalliae]] auctore, profecta est, duce Florentino Angiolino del Tegghia de' Corbizzi et duce Genuensi [[Nicoloso da Recco]], cum remigibus Italicis, Lusitanis et Castellanis mixtis.<ref name="conquista_la">{{cita web |título=Conquest of the Canary Islands |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands |sitioweb=Wikipedia (Anglice) |idioma=en |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Expeditio per quinque menses in archipelago navigavit, tredecim insulas in tabulas redegit et cum quattuor indigenis Olisiponem rediit.<ref name="conquista_la" /> Nicoloso da Recco rem gestam familiaribus suis narravit; haec notitia ad mercatores Florentinos Hispali degentes pervenit, qui eam per epistulam ad societatem bancariam [[Bardi (gens)|Bardorum]] miserunt.<ref name="retranslating_la">{{cita web |título=A new approach to retranslating: (Re)translations of the chronicles of the discovery and conquest of the Canary Islands |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369927723_A_new_approach_to_retranslating_Retranslations_of_the_chronicles_of_the_discovery_and_conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands |sitioweb=ResearchGate |fecha=2023 |idioma=en |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Boccaccio, qui hanc epistulam nactus est, eam in Latinum classicum vertit et in volumen ''De Canaria'' incluit.<ref name="retranslating_la" /> Textus unico codice autographo, qui [[Zibaldone Magliabechiano]] appellatur (Banco Rari 50, [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Centralis Florentiae]]), servatur.<ref name="tesi_la">{{cita web |autor=Bocchi, Andrea |título="De Canaria ed insulis reliquis ultra Ispaniam in Occeano noviter repertis" di Giovanni Boccaccio: edizione critica, traduzione e commento |url=https://etd.adm.unipi.it/t/etd-11272013-193812/ |sitioweb=Archivio digitale delle tesi, Università di Pisa |fecha=2013 |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Hic codex miscellanea textuum Latinorum, plerique historici, ex auctoribus classicis et mediaevaliibus collecta est, cuius tempora controversa sunt: sectio ultima ex causis internis ad annum 1356 refertur, sectiones priores vero inter finem decennii XXX saeculi XIV et medium decennium L eiusdem saeculi collocantur.<ref name="enteboccaccio_la">{{cita web |título=Firenze Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - Banco Rari 50 |url=https://www.enteboccaccio.it/s/ente-boccaccio/item/2719 |sitioweb=Ente Nazionale Giovanni Boccaccio |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Structura == Textus in capita numerata formaliter non dividitur. In duas partes distinguitur: pars prior fontem epistolarem explanat, pars altera insulas et incolas describit.<ref name="bocchi_la" /><ref name="tesi_la" /> Genus dicendi breve et directum est, adfine stylo relationum mercatoriarum illius aetatis.<ref name="cronicas_la">{{cita web |título=Giovanni Boccaccio y el redescubrimiento de Canarias |url=https://www.cronicasdelanzarote.es/opinion/alfonso-licata/giovanni-boccaccio-redescubrimiento-canarias/20231230102356330687.html |sitioweb=Crónicas de Lanzarote |fecha=2023 |idioma=es |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Analysis philologica codicis octavo fasciculo [[Zibaldone Magliabechiano|Zibaldonis Magliabechiani]], in quo ''De Canaria'' inscripta est, praecipue incumbit, cum variis indiciis ad chronologiam et modum compositionis Boccaccii pertinentibus.<ref name="tesi_la" /> == Materia == Textus insulas ab expeditione anni 1341 visas describit. Prima insula saxosa et silvestris esse dicitur, incolae sine agricultura, armenta alentes, nec vestimentis usi nisi pellibus quibusdam.<ref name="cronicas_la" /> Haec descriptio cum descriptione insulae quam textus «Canaria» appellat—hodierna [[Gran Canaria]]—contrarium facit, cuius incolae laudabilius depinguntur.<ref name="cheremone_la">{{cita web |título=de canaria |url=https://cheremone.wordpress.com/2019/03/23/de-canaria/ |sitioweb=Cheremone |fecha=2019 |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Incolae Magnae Canariae, [[Guanchi]] dicti, candida cute et capillis longis flavisque praediti describuntur, qui cantu et saltatione delectabantur.<ref name="bocchi_la" /> His matrimonium, numerorum systema et fanum in oppido ab expeditionariis visitato tribuuntur.<ref name="cronicas_la" /> Boccaccio eos cum populis Occidentis Christiani comparat atque dicit eos «more Gallico saltare» et linguam eorum «sicut Italicam» suavem esse.<ref name="cronicas_la" /> Inter fontes classicos qui textum conformaverunt eminet ''[[Naturalis Historia]]'' [[Plini Maioris]], cuius usus varius et inconstans in studiis philologicis notatur ac de datione operis disceptatur.<ref name="tesi_la" /> Traditio geographica antiqua has insulas ''Insulae Fortunatae'' nomine noverat; Plinius (VI, 61) earum nomen «Canaria» a canum multitudine magna derivabat.<ref name="cheremone_la" /> ''De Canaria'' a criticis habetur primus textus Europaeus qui systematicam descriptionem incolarum [[Insularum Canariarum]] praebet.<ref name="naturalis_la">{{cita web |título=La primera imagen de las Islas Canarias en la Naturalis Historia |url=https://riull.ull.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/915/4046/F_25_(2014)_12.pdf |sitioweb=Repositorio Institucional, Universidad de La Laguna |fecha=2014 |idioma=es |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Iacobus Coleman in analysi omnium operum Boccaccii mixturam fontium mercatoriarum et classicorum in textu ostendit, cum elaboratione mythorum Aetatis Aureae ab auctoribus ut [[Ovidius]], [[Vergilius]], [[Horatius]], [[Seneca (philosophus)|Seneca]], [[Iuvenalis]] et [[Boethius]] sumptorum.<ref name="kirkham_la">{{cita web |título=Boccaccio: A Critical Guide to the Complete Works (recensio) |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/684754 |sitioweb=Modern Philology, University of Chicago Press |fecha=2016 |idioma=en |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> ahgohji74741yikoucwk2obh3xx2tn0 3965058 3965056 2026-06-15T14:33:55Z ~2026-34948-08 210992 notae + cat 3965058 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''De Canaria et insulis reliquis ultra Hispaniam in Oceano noviter repertis''''' est tractatus in prosa [[Lingua Latina|Latina]] a [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] compositus, circa annum [[1342]]. Textus notitias de [[Insulis Canariis]] continet, ex epistula a mercatoribus Florentinis [[Hispali]] degentibus transmissa.<ref name="bocchi_la">{{cita web |autor=Bocchi, Andrea |título=Appunti di lettura sul De Canaria |url=https://www.academia.edu/80834828/Appunti_di_lettura_sul_De_Canaria |sitioweb=Academia.edu |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Initium == Textus his verbis incipit, datam et fontem epistolarem indicans: epistula, Hispali die XV mensis Novembris anni MCCCXLI signata, a mercatoribus Florentinis Florentiam missa erat, rem gestam navium regis [[Alphonsi IV Portugalliae]] narrans.<ref name="ciampi_la">{{cita web |autor=Ciampi, Sebastiano |título=Monumenti d'un manoscritto autografo di Gio. Boccacci da Certaldo |url=https://archive.org/details/monumentidunman00firegoog |sitioweb=Internet Archive |fecha=1827 |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Adverbium ''noviter'' in titulo ostendit textum circa tempus expeditionis compositum esse.<ref name="ciampi_la" /> == Historia == Mense Iulio anni 1341 ex Olisipone expeditio trium navium, [[Alphonso IV Portugalliae|rege Alphonso IV Portugalliae]] auctore, profecta est, duce Florentino Angiolino del Tegghia de' Corbizzi et duce Genuensi [[Nicoloso da Recco]], cum remigibus Italicis, Lusitanis et Castellanis mixtis.<ref name="conquista_la">{{cita web |título=Conquest of the Canary Islands |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands |sitioweb=Wikipedia (Anglice) |idioma=en |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Expeditio per quinque menses in archipelago navigavit, tredecim insulas in tabulas redegit et cum quattuor indigenis Olisiponem rediit.<ref name="conquista_la" /> Nicoloso da Recco rem gestam familiaribus suis narravit; haec notitia ad mercatores Florentinos Hispali degentes pervenit, qui eam per epistulam ad societatem bancariam [[Bardi (gens)|Bardorum]] miserunt.<ref name="retranslating_la">{{cita web |título=A new approach to retranslating: (Re)translations of the chronicles of the discovery and conquest of the Canary Islands |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369927723_A_new_approach_to_retranslating_Retranslations_of_the_chronicles_of_the_discovery_and_conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands |sitioweb=ResearchGate |fecha=2023 |idioma=en |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Boccaccio, qui hanc epistulam nactus est, eam in Latinum classicum vertit et in volumen ''De Canaria'' incluit.<ref name="retranslating_la" /> Textus unico codice autographo, qui [[Zibaldone Magliabechiano]] appellatur (Banco Rari 50, [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Centralis Florentiae]]), servatur.<ref name="tesi_la">{{cita web |autor=Bocchi, Andrea |título="De Canaria ed insulis reliquis ultra Ispaniam in Occeano noviter repertis" di Giovanni Boccaccio: edizione critica, traduzione e commento |url=https://etd.adm.unipi.it/t/etd-11272013-193812/ |sitioweb=Archivio digitale delle tesi, Università di Pisa |fecha=2013 |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Hic codex miscellanea textuum Latinorum, plerique historici, ex auctoribus classicis et mediaevaliibus collecta est, cuius tempora controversa sunt: sectio ultima ex causis internis ad annum 1356 refertur, sectiones priores vero inter finem decennii XXX saeculi XIV et medium decennium L eiusdem saeculi collocantur.<ref name="enteboccaccio_la">{{cita web |título=Firenze Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - Banco Rari 50 |url=https://www.enteboccaccio.it/s/ente-boccaccio/item/2719 |sitioweb=Ente Nazionale Giovanni Boccaccio |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Structura == Textus in capita numerata formaliter non dividitur. In duas partes distinguitur: pars prior fontem epistolarem explanat, pars altera insulas et incolas describit.<ref name="bocchi_la" /><ref name="tesi_la" /> Genus dicendi breve et directum est, adfine stylo relationum mercatoriarum illius aetatis.<ref name="cronicas_la">{{cita web |título=Giovanni Boccaccio y el redescubrimiento de Canarias |url=https://www.cronicasdelanzarote.es/opinion/alfonso-licata/giovanni-boccaccio-redescubrimiento-canarias/20231230102356330687.html |sitioweb=Crónicas de Lanzarote |fecha=2023 |idioma=es |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Analysis philologica codicis octavo fasciculo [[Zibaldone Magliabechiano|Zibaldonis Magliabechiani]], in quo ''De Canaria'' inscripta est, praecipue incumbit, cum variis indiciis ad chronologiam et modum compositionis Boccaccii pertinentibus.<ref name="tesi_la" /> == Materia == Textus insulas ab expeditione anni 1341 visas describit. Prima insula saxosa et silvestris esse dicitur, incolae sine agricultura, armenta alentes, nec vestimentis usi nisi pellibus quibusdam.<ref name="cronicas_la" /> Haec descriptio cum descriptione insulae quam textus «Canaria» appellat—hodierna [[Gran Canaria]]—contrarium facit, cuius incolae laudabilius depinguntur.<ref name="cheremone_la">{{cita web |título=de canaria |url=https://cheremone.wordpress.com/2019/03/23/de-canaria/ |sitioweb=Cheremone |fecha=2019 |idioma=it |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Incolae Magnae Canariae, [[Guanchi]] dicti, candida cute et capillis longis flavisque praediti describuntur, qui cantu et saltatione delectabantur.<ref name="bocchi_la" /> His matrimonium, numerorum systema et fanum in oppido ab expeditionariis visitato tribuuntur.<ref name="cronicas_la" /> Boccaccio eos cum populis Occidentis Christiani comparat atque dicit eos «more Gallico saltare» et linguam eorum «sicut Italicam» suavem esse.<ref name="cronicas_la" /> Inter fontes classicos qui textum conformaverunt eminet ''[[Naturalis Historia]]'' [[Plini Maioris]], cuius usus varius et inconstans in studiis philologicis notatur ac de datione operis disceptatur.<ref name="tesi_la" /> Traditio geographica antiqua has insulas ''Insulae Fortunatae'' nomine noverat; Plinius (VI, 61) earum nomen «Canaria» a canum multitudine magna derivabat.<ref name="cheremone_la" /> ''De Canaria'' a criticis habetur primus textus Europaeus qui systematicam descriptionem incolarum [[Insularum Canariarum]] praebet.<ref name="naturalis_la">{{cita web |título=La primera imagen de las Islas Canarias en la Naturalis Historia |url=https://riull.ull.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/915/4046/F_25_(2014)_12.pdf |sitioweb=Repositorio Institucional, Universidad de La Laguna |fecha=2014 |idioma=es |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Iacobus Coleman in analysi omnium operum Boccaccii mixturam fontium mercatoriarum et classicorum in textu ostendit, cum elaboratione mythorum Aetatis Aureae ab auctoribus ut [[Ovidius]], [[Vergilius]], [[Horatius]], [[Seneca (philosophus)|Seneca]], [[Iuvenalis]] et [[Boethius]] sumptorum.<ref name="kirkham_la">{{cita web |título=Boccaccio: A Critical Guide to the Complete Works (recensio) |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/684754 |sitioweb=Modern Philology, University of Chicago Press |fecha=2016 |idioma=en |fechaacceso=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Notae == {{reflist}} [[Categoria:Opera Iohannis Boccaccii]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae medii aevi]] [[Categoria:Insulae Canariae]] [[Categoria:Saeculum XIV]] qhkghxjy03gn9d4bkh3mcddhwoiqwnq 3965060 3965058 2026-06-15T14:35:58Z ~2026-34948-08 210992 notae 3965060 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''De Canaria et insulis reliquis ultra Hispaniam in Oceano noviter repertis''''' est tractatus in prosa [[Lingua Latina|Latina]] a [[Giovanni Boccaccio]] compositus, circa annum [[1342]]. Textus notitias de [[Insulis Canariis]] continet, ex epistula a mercatoribus Florentinis [[Hispali]] degentibus transmissa.<ref name="bocchi_la">{{cite web |autor=Bocchi, Andrea |title=Appunti di lettura sul De Canaria |url=https://www.academia.edu/80834828/Appunti_di_lettura_sul_De_Canaria |sitioweb=Academia.edu |language=it |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Initium == Textus his verbis incipit, datam et fontem epistolarem indicans: epistula, Hispali die XV mensis Novembris anni MCCCXLI signata, a mercatoribus Florentinis Florentiam missa erat, rem gestam navium regis [[Alphonsi IV Portugalliae]] narrans.<ref name="ciampi_la">{{cite web |autor=Ciampi, Sebastiano |title=Monumenti d'un manoscritto autografo di Gio. Boccacci da Certaldo |url=https://archive.org/details/monumentidunman00firegoog |sitioweb=Internet Archive |year=1827 |language=it |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Adverbium ''noviter'' in title ostendit textum circa tempus expeditionis compositum esse.<ref name="ciampi_la" /> == Historia == Mense Iulio anni 1341 ex Olisipone expeditio trium navium, [[Alphonso IV Portugalliae|rege Alphonso IV Portugalliae]] auctore, profecta est, duce Florentino Angiolino del Tegghia de' Corbizzi et duce Genuensi [[Nicoloso da Recco]], cum remigibus Italicis, Lusitanis et Castellanis mixtis.<ref name="conquista_la">{{cite web |title=Conquest of the Canary Islands |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands |sitioweb=Wikipedia (Anglice) |language=en |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Expeditio per quinque menses in archipelago navigavit, tredecim insulas in tabulas redegit et cum quattuor indigenis Olisiponem rediit.<ref name="conquista_la" /> Nicoloso da Recco rem gestam familiaribus suis narravit; haec notitia ad mercatores Florentinos Hispali degentes pervenit, qui eam per epistulam ad societatem bancariam [[Bardi (gens)|Bardorum]] miserunt.<ref name="retranslating_la">{{cite web |title=A new approach to retranslating: (Re)translations of the chronicles of the discovery and conquest of the Canary Islands |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369927723_A_new_approach_to_retranslating_Retranslations_of_the_chronicles_of_the_discovery_and_conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands |sitioweb=ResearchGate |year=2023 |language=en |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Boccaccio, qui hanc epistulam nactus est, eam in Latinum classicum vertit et in volumen ''De Canaria'' incluit.<ref name="retranslating_la" /> Textus unico codice autographo, qui [[Zibaldone Magliabechiano]] appellatur (Banco Rari 50, [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Centralis Florentiae]]), servatur.<ref name="tesi_la">{{cite web |autor=Bocchi, Andrea |title="De Canaria ed insulis reliquis ultra Ispaniam in Occeano noviter repertis" di Giovanni Boccaccio: edizione critica, traduzione e commento |url=https://etd.adm.unipi.it/t/etd-11272013-193812/ |sitioweb=Archivio digitale delle tesi, Università di Pisa |year=2013 |language=it |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Hic codex miscellanea textuum Latinorum, plerique historici, ex auctoribus classicis et mediaevaliibus collecta est, cuius tempora controversa sunt: sectio ultima ex causis internis ad annum 1356 refertur, sectiones priores vero inter finem decennii XXX saeculi XIV et medium decennium L eiusdem saeculi collocantur.<ref name="enteboccaccio_la">{{cite web |title=Firenze Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale - Banco Rari 50 |url=https://www.enteboccaccio.it/s/ente-boccaccio/item/2719 |sitioweb=Ente Nazionale Giovanni Boccaccio |language=it |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Structura == Textus in capita numerata formaliter non dividitur. In duas partes distinguitur: pars prior fontem epistolarem explanat, pars altera insulas et incolas describit.<ref name="bocchi_la" /><ref name="tesi_la" /> Genus dicendi breve et directum est, adfine stylo relationum mercatoriarum illius aetatis.<ref name="cronicas_la">{{cite web |title=Giovanni Boccaccio y el redescubrimiento de Canarias |url=https://www.cronicasdelanzarote.es/opinion/alfonso-licata/giovanni-boccaccio-redescubrimiento-canarias/20231230102356330687.html |sitioweb=Crónicas de Lanzarote |year=2023 |language=es |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Analysis philologica codicis octavo fasciculo [[Zibaldone Magliabechiano|Zibaldonis Magliabechiani]], in quo ''De Canaria'' inscripta est, praecipue incumbit, cum variis indiciis ad chronologiam et modum compositionis Boccaccii pertinentibus.<ref name="tesi_la" /> == Materia == Textus insulas ab expeditione anni 1341 visas describit. Prima insula saxosa et silvestris esse dicitur, incolae sine agricultura, armenta alentes, nec vestimentis usi nisi pellibus quibusdam.<ref name="cronicas_la" /> Haec descriptio cum descriptione insulae quam textus «Canaria» appellat—hodierna [[Gran Canaria]]—contrarium facit, cuius incolae laudabilius depinguntur.<ref name="cheremone_la">{{cite web |title=de canaria |url=https://cheremone.wordpress.com/2019/03/23/de-canaria/ |sitioweb=Cheremone |year=2019 |language=it |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Incolae Magnae Canariae, [[Guanchi]] dicti, candida cute et capillis longis flavisque praediti describuntur, qui cantu et saltatione delectabantur.<ref name="bocchi_la" /> His matrimonium, numerorum systema et fanum in oppido ab expeditionariis visitato tribuuntur.<ref name="cronicas_la" /> Boccaccio eos cum populis Occidentis Christiani comparat atque dicit eos «more Gallico saltare» et linguam eorum «sicut Italicam» suavem esse.<ref name="cronicas_la" /> Inter fontes classicos qui textum conformaverunt eminet ''[[Naturalis Historia]]'' [[Plini Maioris]], cuius usus varius et inconstans in studiis philologicis notatur ac de datione operis disceptatur.<ref name="tesi_la" /> Traditio geographica antiqua has insulas ''Insulae Fortunatae'' nomine noverat; Plinius (VI, 61) earum nomen «Canaria» a canum multitudine magna derivabat.<ref name="cheremone_la" /> ''De Canaria'' a criticis habetur primus textus Europaeus qui systematicam descriptionem incolarum [[Insularum Canariarum]] praebet.<ref name="naturalis_la">{{cite web |title=La primera imagen de las Islas Canarias en la Naturalis Historia |url=https://riull.ull.es/xmlui/bitstream/handle/915/4046/F_25_(2014)_12.pdf |sitioweb=Repositorio Institucional, Universidad de La Laguna |year=2014 |language=es |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> Iacobus Coleman in analysi omnium operum Boccaccii mixturam fontium mercatoriarum et classicorum in textu ostendit, cum elaboratione mythorum Aetatis Aureae ab auctoribus ut [[Ovidius]], [[Vergilius]], [[Horatius]], [[Seneca (philosophus)|Seneca]], [[Iuvenalis]] et [[Boethius]] sumptorum.<ref name="kirkham_la">{{cite web |title=Boccaccio: A Critical Guide to the Complete Works (recensio) |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/684754 |sitioweb=Modern Philology, University of Chicago Press |year=2016 |language=en |access=2026-05-25 }}</ref> == Notae == {{reflist}} [[Categoria:Opera Iohannis Boccaccii]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae medii aevi]] [[Categoria:Insulae Canariae]] [[Categoria:Saeculum XIV]] 7enhmtmxk5i9v7y3t0bt7v6m85b8sdx Sancta Margareta (Vosegus) 0 325632 3965057 2026-06-15T14:33:53Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3965057 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:SteMarguerite(88) Eglise.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sancta Margareta: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sancta Margarita|Sanctae Margaritae]] dicata.]] {{res|Sancta Margareta}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 474.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Sainte-Marguerite'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:2234}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Cives notabiles == * [[Leonia de Bazelaire]] (1857–1926), scriptrix et pictrix, hic nata est. * [[Florianus Demange]] (1875–1938), missionarius Catholicus in [[Corea]] Meridiana et episcopus [[Archidioecesis Taeguensis|Taeguensis]], hic natus est. * [[Regis Lhuillier]] (1980-), ciclista, hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sainte-Marguerite (Vosges)|Sanctam Margaretam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] 8ixse7ohi9gxnm0uz9159gc0xkpcehj 3965062 3965057 2026-06-15T14:38:00Z Pippobuono 54500 /* Cives notabiles */ non natus sed puer 3965062 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:SteMarguerite(88) Eglise.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sancta Margareta: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sancta Margarita|Sanctae Margaritae]] dicata.]] {{res|Sancta Margareta}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 3, p. 474.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Sainte-Marguerite'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:2234}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Cives notabiles == * [[Leonia de Bazelaire]] (1857–1926), scriptrix et pictrix, hic nata est. * [[Florianus Demange]] (1875–1938), missionarius Catholicus in [[Corea]] Meridiana et episcopus [[Archidioecesis Taeguensis|Taeguensis]], hic natus est. * [[Regis Lhuillier]] (1980-), ciclista, hic pueritiam vixit. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sainte-Marguerite (Vosges)|Sanctam Margaretam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] 7df8xmevpmusrddsrotle4kk2m5h7c3 3965063 3965062 2026-06-15T14:38:42Z Pippobuono 54500 tomus 2 3965063 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:SteMarguerite(88) Eglise.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sancta Margareta: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sancta Margarita|Sanctae Margaritae]] dicata.]] {{res|Sancta Margareta}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 2, p. 474.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Sainte-Marguerite'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:2234}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Cives notabiles == * [[Leonia de Bazelaire]] (1857–1926), scriptrix et pictrix, hic nata est. * [[Florianus Demange]] (1875–1938), missionarius Catholicus in [[Corea]] Meridiana et episcopus [[Archidioecesis Taeguensis|Taeguensis]], hic natus est. * [[Regis Lhuillier]] (1980-), ciclista, hic pueritiam vixit. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sainte-Marguerite (Vosges)|Sanctam Margaretam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] obyk1mjcdz9d1i8gotv5gytx60g7gwo Disputatio:Sancta Margareta (Vosegus) 1 325633 3965061 2026-06-15T14:37:30Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3965061 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Sainte-Marguerite (Vosges)|235815121}} s28nebij7e224m9avtn3hi17b3aqouy Sancta Helena (Vosegus) 0 325634 3965064 2026-06-15T14:48:45Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3965064 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Sainte-hélène-vosges.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sancta Helena: despectus in vicum cum [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Georgius|Sancto Georgio]] dicata.]] {{res|Sancta Helena}} seu '''Arantella''' seu '''Arentella''' seu '''Argentella'''<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 2, p. 221.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Sainte-Hélène'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 447 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. == Civis notabilis == * [[Carolus-Andreas Balland]] (1761-1810), sodalis Conventionis Nationalis, legatus ad Consilium Quingentorum, pro morte [[Ludovicus XVI|regis]] non suffragatus, hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sainte-Hélène (Vosges)|Sanctam Helenam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] hemxkz76d87dsd7xn4qzyd9le2q5gxl Disputatio:Sancta Helena (Vosegus) 1 325635 3965065 2026-06-15T14:50:25Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3965065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Sainte-Hélène (Vosges)|235931903}} oqr5jt5o5clotvddnc4f4d3f3j6zfbt Sancta Barbara (Vosegus) 0 325636 3965066 2026-06-15T14:56:57Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3965066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Sainte-Barbe, Église Sainte-Barbe.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sancta Barbara: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sancta Barbara|Sanctae Barbarae]] dicata.]] {{res|Sancta Barbara}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 1, p. 215.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Sainte-Barbe'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 267 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Sainte-Barbe (Vosges)|Sanctam Barbaram}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] qr6khsmqvaz52c1cm11jkppgy62tqg6 Disputatio:Sancta Barbara (Vosegus) 1 325637 3965067 2026-06-15T14:58:34Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3965067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Sainte-Barbe (Vosges)|236250215}} 82giqh5woiuig5fc9xn0pb6q1l2ot8p Ricardus Bradley 0 325638 3965070 2026-06-15T15:20:45Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Paginam instituit, scribens '{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salar...' 3965070 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, e libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1727 : [[Ricardus Bradley|Richard Bradley]], ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii, 1727?; {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] {{IPNI|Bradley}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} qrj63c9mlg2pbpof43l1isxmc9alk5k 3965071 3965070 2026-06-15T15:24:48Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 17]] 3965071 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, e libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1727 : [[Ricardus Bradley|Richard Bradley]], ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii, 1727?; {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] {{IPNI|Bradley}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 17]] cegw7ysh1xf1zlf1vno2g7hkg4uph85 3965072 3965071 2026-06-15T15:25:53Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Nexus externi */ 3965072 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, e libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1727 : [[Ricardus Bradley|Richard Bradley]], ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii, 1727?; {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] {{IPNI|Bradley}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} 8sjdnxv5nae3adeqe924di5wh9fstuu 3965073 3965072 2026-06-15T15:40:05Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3965073 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, e libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''1716-1727). Historia plantarum succulentarum'' * 1718 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears. -- 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles'' * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} bnhc8jy3nck3kjif7xyxpve1zq9smvr 3965074 3965073 2026-06-15T15:41:04Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] 3965074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, e libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''1716-1727). Historia plantarum succulentarum'' * 1718 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears. -- 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles'' * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] 6cxuiow8591jklcmv9xr86impsg6btf 3965075 3965074 2026-06-15T15:41:17Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] 3965075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, e libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''1716-1727). Historia plantarum succulentarum'' * 1718 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears. -- 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles'' * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] 7bo84wwgki87jk9i7e72hfv90hjgpxw 3965076 3965075 2026-06-15T15:41:31Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] 3965076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, e libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''1716-1727). Historia plantarum succulentarum'' * 1718 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears. -- 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles'' * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] sl5hfwb5gojvddz4fdb92wesnh97ucf 3965077 3965076 2026-06-15T15:41:55Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] 3965077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, e libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''1716-1727). Historia plantarum succulentarum'' * 1718 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears. -- 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles'' * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] ieka1m5gmt5dtqo95kdvrllualfvr9y 3965078 3965077 2026-06-15T15:42:13Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]] 3965078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, e libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''1716-1727). Historia plantarum succulentarum'' * 1718 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears. -- 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles'' * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]] f7lfrjywa8ln0hmsnzb7i3zg8h2sc51 3965081 3965078 2026-06-15T16:07:43Z Andrew Dalby 1084 bibl etc. 3965081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, e libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''Historia plantarum succulentarum'' * 1718 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears. -- 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles''. Londinii: W. Mears {{Google Books|FtpbAAAAQAAJ}} * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' {{Google Books|DJUQAAAAIAAJ}} * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] * 1727 : ''Ten Practical Discourses Concerning Earth and Water, Fire and Air, as They Relate to the Growth of Plants: With a Collection of New Discoveries for the Improvement of Land, Either in the Farm Or Garden'' {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1730 : ''A Course of Lectures upon the Materia Medica, Antient and Modern: Read in the Physick Schools at Cambridge''. Londinii {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1731 : ''New improvements of plantingand gardening''. Londinii {{Google Books|-cw6AAAAcAAJ}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * J. Edmondson, "Richard Bradley (c. 1688–1732): an annotated bibliography, 1710–1818" in ''Archives of Natural History'' vol. 29 (2002) pp. 177–212; [https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2002.29.2.177 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s illicit excursion into medical practice in 1714. Medical History, 14(1), (1970a). 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300015131 * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s relationship with Sir Hans Sloane" in ''Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London'' vol. 25 (1970) pp. 59–77; [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1970.0005 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "A history of the ecological sciences, part 20: Richard Bradley, entrepreneurial naturalist" in ''Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America'' vol. 87 (2006) pp. 117–127 * Melvin Santer, "Richard Bradley: A Unified, Living Agent Theory of the Cause of Infectious Diseases of Plants Animals, and Humans in the First Decades of the 18th Century" in ''Perspectives in Biology and Medicine'' vol. 52 (2009) pp. 566–578 * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]] 5ywtq65wetg46z3gssu5xpjm2vxiq9t 3965089 3965081 2026-06-15T17:42:52Z Andrew Dalby 1084 + 3965089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, opus novellum eruditissimum i.e. ''Historiam plantarum succulentarum'' inter annos [[1716]] et [[1727]] seriatim dispendio suo divulgans, ex aliis libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. Ad opus de re coquinaria ''The country housewife and lady's director'', anno fere [[1727]] editum semper semperque renovatum, praecepta amicorum lectorumque et patronorum postulabat. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''Historia plantarum succulentarum'' * 1718 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears. -- 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles''. Londinii: W. Mears {{Google Books|FtpbAAAAQAAJ}} * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' {{Google Books|DJUQAAAAIAAJ}} * 1721-1724 : ''A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening'' in fasciculos 15, deinde in volumina 3 congessus * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] * 1727 : ''Ten Practical Discourses Concerning Earth and Water, Fire and Air, as They Relate to the Growth of Plants: With a Collection of New Discoveries for the Improvement of Land, Either in the Farm Or Garden'' {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1730 : ''A Course of Lectures upon the Materia Medica, Antient and Modern: Read in the Physick Schools at Cambridge''. Londinii {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1731 : ''New improvements of plantingand gardening''. Londinii {{Google Books|-cw6AAAAcAAJ}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * J. Edmondson, "Richard Bradley (c. 1688–1732): an annotated bibliography, 1710–1818" in ''Archives of Natural History'' vol. 29 (2002) pp. 177–212; [https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2002.29.2.177 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley's understanding of biological productivity: a study of eighteenth-century ecological ideas" in ''Journal of the History of Biology'' vol. 2 (1969) pp. 391–410 * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s illicit excursion into medical practice in 1714" in ''Medical History'' vol. 14 (1970) pp. 53–62; [https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300015131 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s relationship with Sir Hans Sloane" in ''Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London'' vol. 25 (1970) pp. 59–77; [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1970.0005 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "A history of the ecological sciences, part 20: Richard Bradley, entrepreneurial naturalist" in ''Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America'' vol. 87 (2006) pp. 117–127 * F. N. Egerton, "Bradley, Richard (1688?–1732)" in {{ODNB}} * B. Henrey, ''British botanical and horticultural literature before 1800'' vol. 2 (1975) pp. 424-454, vol. 3 (1975) pp. 14–18 * G. D. Rowley, , ed., ''Richard Bradley: Collected writings on succulent plants''. 1964 * Melvin Santer, "Richard Bradley: A Unified, Living Agent Theory of the Cause of Infectious Diseases of Plants Animals, and Humans in the First Decades of the 18th Century" in ''Perspectives in Biology and Medicine'' vol. 52 (2009) pp. 566–578 * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 * R. Williamson, "John Martyn and the Grub-street Journal, with particular references to his attacks on Richard Bentley, Richard Bradley" in ''Medical History'' vol. 5 (1961) pp. 361–374 Google PreviewWorldCat R. Williamson, "The germ theory of disease: neglected precursors of Louis Pasteur (Richard Bradley, Benjamin Martin, Jean-Baptiste Goiffon)" in ''Annals of Science'' vol. 11 (1955) pp. 44–57 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]] ej8oqjhz0uh5zdwgi0c5njpi1bcwkem 3965090 3965089 2026-06-15T17:44:23Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Bibliographia */ 3965090 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, opus novellum eruditissimum i.e. ''Historiam plantarum succulentarum'' inter annos [[1716]] et [[1727]] seriatim dispendio suo divulgans, ex aliis libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. Ad opus de re coquinaria ''The country housewife and lady's director'', anno fere [[1727]] editum semper semperque renovatum, praecepta amicorum lectorumque et patronorum postulabat. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''Historia plantarum succulentarum'' * 1718 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears. -- 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles''. Londinii: W. Mears {{Google Books|FtpbAAAAQAAJ}} * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' {{Google Books|DJUQAAAAIAAJ}} * 1721-1724 : ''A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening'' in fasciculos 15, deinde in volumina 3 congessus * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] * 1727 : ''Ten Practical Discourses Concerning Earth and Water, Fire and Air, as They Relate to the Growth of Plants: With a Collection of New Discoveries for the Improvement of Land, Either in the Farm Or Garden'' {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1730 : ''A Course of Lectures upon the Materia Medica, Antient and Modern: Read in the Physick Schools at Cambridge''. Londinii {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1731 : ''New improvements of plantingand gardening''. Londinii {{Google Books|-cw6AAAAcAAJ}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * J. Edmondson, "Richard Bradley (c. 1688–1732): an annotated bibliography, 1710–1818" in ''Archives of Natural History'' vol. 29 (2002) pp. 177–212; [https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2002.29.2.177 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley's understanding of biological productivity: a study of eighteenth-century ecological ideas" in ''Journal of the History of Biology'' vol. 2 (1969) pp. 391–410 * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s illicit excursion into medical practice in 1714" in ''Medical History'' vol. 14 (1970) pp. 53–62; [https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300015131 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s relationship with Sir Hans Sloane" in ''Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London'' vol. 25 (1970) pp. 59–77; [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1970.0005 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "A history of the ecological sciences, part 20: Richard Bradley, entrepreneurial naturalist" in ''Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America'' vol. 87 (2006) pp. 117–127 * F. N. Egerton, "Bradley, Richard (1688?–1732)" in {{ODNB}} * B. Henrey, ''British botanical and horticultural literature before 1800'' vol. 2 (1975) pp. 424-454, vol. 3 (1975) pp. 14–18 * G. D. Rowley, , ed., ''Richard Bradley: Collected writings on succulent plants''. 1964 * Melvin Santer, "Richard Bradley: A Unified, Living Agent Theory of the Cause of Infectious Diseases of Plants Animals, and Humans in the First Decades of the 18th Century" in ''Perspectives in Biology and Medicine'' vol. 52 (2009) pp. 566–578 * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 * R. Williamson, "John Martyn and the Grub-street Journal, with particular references to his attacks on Richard Bentley, Richard Bradley" in ''Medical History'' vol. 5 (1961) pp. 361–374 * R. Williamson, "The germ theory of disease: neglected precursors of Louis Pasteur (Richard Bradley, Benjamin Martin, Jean-Baptiste Goiffon)" in ''Annals of Science'' vol. 11 (1955) pp. 44–57 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]] 0jiv9uj9bcas9eve0n2kvh6vygaxsd0 3965091 3965090 2026-06-15T17:51:17Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Bibliographia */ 3965091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, opus novellum eruditissimum i.e. ''Historiam plantarum succulentarum'' inter annos [[1716]] et [[1727]] seriatim dispendio suo divulgans, ex aliis libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. Ad opus de re coquinaria ''The country housewife and lady's director'', anno fere [[1727]] editum semper semperque renovatum, praecepta amicorum lectorumque et patronorum postulabat. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''Historia plantarum succulentarum'' * 1718 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears. -- 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles''. Londinii: W. Mears {{Google Books|FtpbAAAAQAAJ}} * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' {{Google Books|DJUQAAAAIAAJ}} * 1721-1724 : ''A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening'' in fasciculos 15, deinde in volumina 3 congessus * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] * 1727 : ''Ten Practical Discourses Concerning Earth and Water, Fire and Air, as They Relate to the Growth of Plants: With a Collection of New Discoveries for the Improvement of Land, Either in the Farm Or Garden'' {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1730 : ''A Course of Lectures upon the Materia Medica, Antient and Modern: Read in the Physick Schools at Cambridge''. Londinii {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1731 : ''New improvements of plantingand gardening''. Londinii {{Google Books|-cw6AAAAcAAJ}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * J. Edmondson, "Richard Bradley (c. 1688–1732): an annotated bibliography, 1710–1818" in ''Archives of Natural History'' vol. 29 (2002) pp. 177–212; [https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2002.29.2.177 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley's understanding of biological productivity: a study of eighteenth-century ecological ideas" in ''Journal of the History of Biology'' vol. 2 (1969) pp. 391–410 * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s illicit excursion into medical practice in 1714" in ''Medical History'' vol. 14 (1970) pp. 53–62; [https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300015131 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s relationship with Sir Hans Sloane" in ''Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London'' vol. 25 (1970) pp. 59–77; [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1970.0005 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "[https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/0012-9623(2006)87%5B117:AHOTES%5D2.0.CO;2 A history of the ecological sciences, part 20: Richard Bradley, entrepreneurial naturalist]" in ''Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America'' vol. 87 (2006) pp. 117–127 * F. N. Egerton, "Bradley, Richard (1688?–1732)" in {{ODNB}} * B. Henrey, ''British botanical and horticultural literature before 1800'' vol. 2 (1975) pp. 424-454, vol. 3 (1975) pp. 14–18 * G. D. Rowley, , ed., ''Richard Bradley: Collected writings on succulent plants''. 1964 * Melvin Santer, "Richard Bradley: A Unified, Living Agent Theory of the Cause of Infectious Diseases of Plants Animals, and Humans in the First Decades of the 18th Century" in ''Perspectives in Biology and Medicine'' vol. 52 (2009) pp. 566–578 * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 * R. Williamson, "John Martyn and the Grub-street Journal, with particular references to his attacks on Richard Bentley, Richard Bradley" in ''Medical History'' vol. 5 (1961) pp. 361–374 * R. Williamson, "The germ theory of disease: neglected precursors of Louis Pasteur (Richard Bradley, Benjamin Martin, Jean-Baptiste Goiffon)" in ''Annals of Science'' vol. 11 (1955) pp. 44–57 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]] frjchawt26lz0d2lewg2j2nr9v3jgfq 3965092 3965091 2026-06-15T17:55:32Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Opera */ 3965092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, opus novellum eruditissimum i.e. ''Historiam plantarum succulentarum'' inter annos [[1716]] et [[1727]] seriatim dispendio suo divulgans, ex aliis libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. Ad opus de re coquinaria ''The country housewife and lady's director'', anno fere [[1727]] editum semper semperque renovatum, praecepta amicorum lectorumque et patronorum postulabat. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''Historia plantarum succulentarum'' * 1718-1720 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears; [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qt884ddw editio 1719-1720 apud Wellcome Collection]; 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles''. Londinii: W. Mears {{Google Books|FtpbAAAAQAAJ}} * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' {{Google Books|DJUQAAAAIAAJ}} * 1721-1724 : ''A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening'' in fasciculos 15, deinde in volumina 3 congessus * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] * 1727 : ''Ten Practical Discourses Concerning Earth and Water, Fire and Air, as They Relate to the Growth of Plants: With a Collection of New Discoveries for the Improvement of Land, Either in the Farm Or Garden'' {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1730 : ''A Course of Lectures upon the Materia Medica, Antient and Modern: Read in the Physick Schools at Cambridge''. Londinii {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1731 : ''New improvements of plantingand gardening''. Londinii {{Google Books|-cw6AAAAcAAJ}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * J. Edmondson, "Richard Bradley (c. 1688–1732): an annotated bibliography, 1710–1818" in ''Archives of Natural History'' vol. 29 (2002) pp. 177–212; [https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2002.29.2.177 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley's understanding of biological productivity: a study of eighteenth-century ecological ideas" in ''Journal of the History of Biology'' vol. 2 (1969) pp. 391–410 * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s illicit excursion into medical practice in 1714" in ''Medical History'' vol. 14 (1970) pp. 53–62; [https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300015131 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s relationship with Sir Hans Sloane" in ''Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London'' vol. 25 (1970) pp. 59–77; [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1970.0005 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "[https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/0012-9623(2006)87%5B117:AHOTES%5D2.0.CO;2 A history of the ecological sciences, part 20: Richard Bradley, entrepreneurial naturalist]" in ''Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America'' vol. 87 (2006) pp. 117–127 * F. N. Egerton, "Bradley, Richard (1688?–1732)" in {{ODNB}} * B. Henrey, ''British botanical and horticultural literature before 1800'' vol. 2 (1975) pp. 424-454, vol. 3 (1975) pp. 14–18 * G. D. Rowley, , ed., ''Richard Bradley: Collected writings on succulent plants''. 1964 * Melvin Santer, "Richard Bradley: A Unified, Living Agent Theory of the Cause of Infectious Diseases of Plants Animals, and Humans in the First Decades of the 18th Century" in ''Perspectives in Biology and Medicine'' vol. 52 (2009) pp. 566–578 * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 * R. Williamson, "John Martyn and the Grub-street Journal, with particular references to his attacks on Richard Bentley, Richard Bradley" in ''Medical History'' vol. 5 (1961) pp. 361–374 * R. Williamson, "The germ theory of disease: neglected precursors of Louis Pasteur (Richard Bradley, Benjamin Martin, Jean-Baptiste Goiffon)" in ''Annals of Science'' vol. 11 (1955) pp. 44–57 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]] cm5wlcfgj0xtymvtutxqsdnbgy8pyxn 3965093 3965092 2026-06-15T18:07:12Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Opera */ 3965093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1686]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, opus novellum eruditissimum i.e. ''Historiam plantarum succulentarum'' inter annos [[1716]] et [[1727]] seriatim dispendio suo divulgans, ex aliis libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. Ad opus de re coquinaria ''The country housewife and lady's director'', anno fere [[1727]] editum semper semperque renovatum, praecepta amicorum lectorumque et patronorum postulabat. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''Historia plantarum succulentarum = The history of succulent plants''. Londinii; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/735 Textus apud BHL] * 1718-1720 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears; [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qt884ddw editio 1719-1720 apud Wellcome Collection]; 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles''. Londinii: W. Mears {{Google Books|FtpbAAAAQAAJ}} * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' {{Google Books|DJUQAAAAIAAJ}} * 1721-1724 : ''A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening'' in fasciculos 15, deinde in volumina 3 congessus * 1724 : ''New experiments and observations, relating to the generation of plants''. Londinii; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/254963#page/1/mode/1up Textus apud BHL] * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] * 1727 : ''Ten Practical Discourses Concerning Earth and Water, Fire and Air, as They Relate to the Growth of Plants: With a Collection of New Discoveries for the Improvement of Land, Either in the Farm Or Garden'' {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1730 : ''A Course of Lectures upon the Materia Medica, Antient and Modern: Read in the Physick Schools at Cambridge''. Londinii {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1731 : ''New improvements of planting and gardening''. Londinii {{Google Books|-cw6AAAAcAAJ}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * J. Edmondson, "Richard Bradley (c. 1688–1732): an annotated bibliography, 1710–1818" in ''Archives of Natural History'' vol. 29 (2002) pp. 177–212; [https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2002.29.2.177 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley's understanding of biological productivity: a study of eighteenth-century ecological ideas" in ''Journal of the History of Biology'' vol. 2 (1969) pp. 391–410 * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s illicit excursion into medical practice in 1714" in ''Medical History'' vol. 14 (1970) pp. 53–62; [https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300015131 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s relationship with Sir Hans Sloane" in ''Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London'' vol. 25 (1970) pp. 59–77; [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1970.0005 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "[https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/0012-9623(2006)87%5B117:AHOTES%5D2.0.CO;2 A history of the ecological sciences, part 20: Richard Bradley, entrepreneurial naturalist]" in ''Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America'' vol. 87 (2006) pp. 117–127 * F. N. Egerton, "Bradley, Richard (1688?–1732)" in {{ODNB}} * B. Henrey, ''British botanical and horticultural literature before 1800'' vol. 2 (1975) pp. 424-454, vol. 3 (1975) pp. 14–18 * G. D. Rowley, , ed., ''Richard Bradley: Collected writings on succulent plants''. 1964 * Melvin Santer, "Richard Bradley: A Unified, Living Agent Theory of the Cause of Infectious Diseases of Plants Animals, and Humans in the First Decades of the 18th Century" in ''Perspectives in Biology and Medicine'' vol. 52 (2009) pp. 566–578 * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 * R. Williamson, "John Martyn and the Grub-street Journal, with particular references to his attacks on Richard Bentley, Richard Bradley" in ''Medical History'' vol. 5 (1961) pp. 361–374 * R. Williamson, "The germ theory of disease: neglected precursors of Louis Pasteur (Richard Bradley, Benjamin Martin, Jean-Baptiste Goiffon)" in ''Annals of Science'' vol. 11 (1955) pp. 44–57 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]] okql6z6eijs2jsf91b6axw50n3fqtfb 3965094 3965093 2026-06-15T18:07:48Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3965094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1688]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, opus novellum eruditissimum i.e. ''Historiam plantarum succulentarum'' inter annos [[1716]] et [[1727]] seriatim dispendio suo divulgans, ex aliis libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. Ad opus de re coquinaria ''The country housewife and lady's director'', anno fere [[1727]] editum semper semperque renovatum, praecepta amicorum lectorumque et patronorum postulabat. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''Historia plantarum succulentarum = The history of succulent plants''. Londinii; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/735 Textus apud BHL] * 1718-1720 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears; [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qt884ddw editio 1719-1720 apud Wellcome Collection]; 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles''. Londinii: W. Mears {{Google Books|FtpbAAAAQAAJ}} * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' {{Google Books|DJUQAAAAIAAJ}} * 1721-1724 : ''A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening'' in fasciculos 15, deinde in volumina 3 congessus * 1724 : ''New experiments and observations, relating to the generation of plants''. Londinii; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/254963#page/1/mode/1up Textus apud BHL] * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] * 1727 : ''Ten Practical Discourses Concerning Earth and Water, Fire and Air, as They Relate to the Growth of Plants: With a Collection of New Discoveries for the Improvement of Land, Either in the Farm Or Garden'' {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1730 : ''A Course of Lectures upon the Materia Medica, Antient and Modern: Read in the Physick Schools at Cambridge''. Londinii {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1731 : ''New improvements of planting and gardening''. Londinii {{Google Books|-cw6AAAAcAAJ}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * J. Edmondson, "Richard Bradley (c. 1688–1732): an annotated bibliography, 1710–1818" in ''Archives of Natural History'' vol. 29 (2002) pp. 177–212; [https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2002.29.2.177 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley's understanding of biological productivity: a study of eighteenth-century ecological ideas" in ''Journal of the History of Biology'' vol. 2 (1969) pp. 391–410 * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s illicit excursion into medical practice in 1714" in ''Medical History'' vol. 14 (1970) pp. 53–62; [https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300015131 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s relationship with Sir Hans Sloane" in ''Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London'' vol. 25 (1970) pp. 59–77; [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1970.0005 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "[https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/0012-9623(2006)87%5B117:AHOTES%5D2.0.CO;2 A history of the ecological sciences, part 20: Richard Bradley, entrepreneurial naturalist]" in ''Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America'' vol. 87 (2006) pp. 117–127 * F. N. Egerton, "Bradley, Richard (1688?–1732)" in {{ODNB}} * B. Henrey, ''British botanical and horticultural literature before 1800'' vol. 2 (1975) pp. 424-454, vol. 3 (1975) pp. 14–18 * G. D. Rowley, , ed., ''Richard Bradley: Collected writings on succulent plants''. 1964 * Melvin Santer, "Richard Bradley: A Unified, Living Agent Theory of the Cause of Infectious Diseases of Plants Animals, and Humans in the First Decades of the 18th Century" in ''Perspectives in Biology and Medicine'' vol. 52 (2009) pp. 566–578 * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 * R. Williamson, "John Martyn and the Grub-street Journal, with particular references to his attacks on Richard Bentley, Richard Bradley" in ''Medical History'' vol. 5 (1961) pp. 361–374 * R. Williamson, "The germ theory of disease: neglected precursors of Louis Pasteur (Richard Bradley, Benjamin Martin, Jean-Baptiste Goiffon)" in ''Annals of Science'' vol. 11 (1955) pp. 44–57 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]] ewmovsbag7sujiu1ybgm9kkivyx4j4p 3965103 3965094 2026-06-15T18:38:04Z Andrew Dalby 1084 + 3965103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1688]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, opus novellum eruditissimum i.e. ''Historiam plantarum succulentarum'' inter annos [[1716]] et [[1727]] seriatim dispendio suo divulgans, ex aliis libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. Ad opus de re coquinaria ''The country housewife and lady's director'', anno fere [[1727]] editum semper semperque renovatum, praecepta amicorum lectorumque et patronorum postulabat. Inter contribuentes erat [[Lucius Roselli]] [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Ultraienctum|Ultraiectensis]]. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''Historia plantarum succulentarum = The history of succulent plants''. Londinii; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/735 Textus apud BHL] * 1718-1720 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears; [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qt884ddw editio 1719-1720 apud Wellcome Collection]; 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles''. Londinii: W. Mears {{Google Books|FtpbAAAAQAAJ}} * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' {{Google Books|DJUQAAAAIAAJ}} * 1721-1724 : ''A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening'' in fasciculos 15, deinde in volumina 3 congessus * 1724 : ''New experiments and observations, relating to the generation of plants''. Londinii; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/254963#page/1/mode/1up Textus apud BHL] * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] * 1727 : ''Ten Practical Discourses Concerning Earth and Water, Fire and Air, as They Relate to the Growth of Plants: With a Collection of New Discoveries for the Improvement of Land, Either in the Farm Or Garden'' {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1730 : ''A Course of Lectures upon the Materia Medica, Antient and Modern: Read in the Physick Schools at Cambridge''. Londinii {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1731 : ''New improvements of planting and gardening''. Londinii {{Google Books|-cw6AAAAcAAJ}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * J. Edmondson, "Richard Bradley (c. 1688–1732): an annotated bibliography, 1710–1818" in ''Archives of Natural History'' vol. 29 (2002) pp. 177–212; [https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2002.29.2.177 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley's understanding of biological productivity: a study of eighteenth-century ecological ideas" in ''Journal of the History of Biology'' vol. 2 (1969) pp. 391–410 * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s illicit excursion into medical practice in 1714" in ''Medical History'' vol. 14 (1970) pp. 53–62; [https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300015131 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s relationship with Sir Hans Sloane" in ''Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London'' vol. 25 (1970) pp. 59–77; [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1970.0005 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "[https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/0012-9623(2006)87%5B117:AHOTES%5D2.0.CO;2 A history of the ecological sciences, part 20: Richard Bradley, entrepreneurial naturalist]" in ''Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America'' vol. 87 (2006) pp. 117–127 * F. N. Egerton, "Bradley, Richard (1688?–1732)" in {{ODNB}} * B. Henrey, ''British botanical and horticultural literature before 1800'' vol. 2 (1975) pp. 424-454, vol. 3 (1975) pp. 14–18 * G. D. Rowley, , ed., ''Richard Bradley: Collected writings on succulent plants''. 1964 * Melvin Santer, "Richard Bradley: A Unified, Living Agent Theory of the Cause of Infectious Diseases of Plants Animals, and Humans in the First Decades of the 18th Century" in ''Perspectives in Biology and Medicine'' vol. 52 (2009) pp. 566–578 * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 * R. Williamson, "John Martyn and the Grub-street Journal, with particular references to his attacks on Richard Bentley, Richard Bradley" in ''Medical History'' vol. 5 (1961) pp. 361–374 * R. Williamson, "The germ theory of disease: neglected precursors of Louis Pasteur (Richard Bradley, Benjamin Martin, Jean-Baptiste Goiffon)" in ''Annals of Science'' vol. 11 (1955) pp. 44–57 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]] l2bj2pz53piba8tvy8l747qvdc8hrsi 3965105 3965103 2026-06-15T18:39:43Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3965105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1688]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, opus novellum eruditissimum i.e. ''Historiam plantarum succulentarum'' inter annos [[1716]] et [[1727]] seriatim dispendio suo divulgans, ex aliis libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. Ad opus de re coquinaria ''The country housewife and lady's director'', anno fere [[1727]] editum semper semperque renovatum, praecepta amicorum lectorumque et patronorum postulabat. Inter contribuentes erat [[Lucius Roselli]] [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Ultraiectum|Ultraiectensis]]. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''Historia plantarum succulentarum = The history of succulent plants''. Londinii; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/735 Textus apud BHL] * 1718-1720 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears; [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qt884ddw editio 1719-1720 apud Wellcome Collection]; 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles''. Londinii: W. Mears {{Google Books|FtpbAAAAQAAJ}} * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' {{Google Books|DJUQAAAAIAAJ}} * 1721-1724 : ''A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening'' in fasciculos 15, deinde in volumina 3 congessus * 1724 : ''New experiments and observations, relating to the generation of plants''. Londinii; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/254963#page/1/mode/1up Textus apud BHL] * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] * 1727 : ''Ten Practical Discourses Concerning Earth and Water, Fire and Air, as They Relate to the Growth of Plants: With a Collection of New Discoveries for the Improvement of Land, Either in the Farm Or Garden'' {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1730 : ''A Course of Lectures upon the Materia Medica, Antient and Modern: Read in the Physick Schools at Cambridge''. Londinii {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1731 : ''New improvements of planting and gardening''. Londinii {{Google Books|-cw6AAAAcAAJ}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * J. Edmondson, "Richard Bradley (c. 1688–1732): an annotated bibliography, 1710–1818" in ''Archives of Natural History'' vol. 29 (2002) pp. 177–212; [https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2002.29.2.177 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley's understanding of biological productivity: a study of eighteenth-century ecological ideas" in ''Journal of the History of Biology'' vol. 2 (1969) pp. 391–410 * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s illicit excursion into medical practice in 1714" in ''Medical History'' vol. 14 (1970) pp. 53–62; [https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300015131 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s relationship with Sir Hans Sloane" in ''Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London'' vol. 25 (1970) pp. 59–77; [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1970.0005 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "[https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/0012-9623(2006)87%5B117:AHOTES%5D2.0.CO;2 A history of the ecological sciences, part 20: Richard Bradley, entrepreneurial naturalist]" in ''Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America'' vol. 87 (2006) pp. 117–127 * F. N. Egerton, "Bradley, Richard (1688?–1732)" in {{ODNB}} * B. Henrey, ''British botanical and horticultural literature before 1800'' vol. 2 (1975) pp. 424-454, vol. 3 (1975) pp. 14–18 * G. D. Rowley, , ed., ''Richard Bradley: Collected writings on succulent plants''. 1964 * Melvin Santer, "Richard Bradley: A Unified, Living Agent Theory of the Cause of Infectious Diseases of Plants Animals, and Humans in the First Decades of the 18th Century" in ''Perspectives in Biology and Medicine'' vol. 52 (2009) pp. 566–578 * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 * R. Williamson, "John Martyn and the Grub-street Journal, with particular references to his attacks on Richard Bentley, Richard Bradley" in ''Medical History'' vol. 5 (1961) pp. 361–374 * R. Williamson, "The germ theory of disease: neglected precursors of Louis Pasteur (Richard Bradley, Benjamin Martin, Jean-Baptiste Goiffon)" in ''Annals of Science'' vol. 11 (1955) pp. 44–57 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]] fsx0uc0fghspxcdg15wifd3aqn56wf5 3965106 3965105 2026-06-15T19:03:05Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Bibliographia */ 3965106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{res|Ricardus Bradley}}, vulgo ''Richard'' (anno circiter [[1688]] natus; [[Cantabrigia]]e die [[5 Novembris]] [[1732]] mortuus), rerum naturalium scriptor, quamquam apud universitatem nullam eruditus erat, socius [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] annum vigesimum sextum, professor botanicae [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|apud Cantabrigienses]] annum trigesimum octavum agens electus est. Quo munere sine salario fungens, opus novellum eruditissimum i.e. ''Historiam plantarum succulentarum'' inter annos [[1716]] et [[1727]] seriatim dispendio suo divulgans, ex aliis libris, quos crebriter componebat, vixit. Ad opus de re coquinaria ''The country housewife and lady's director'', anno fere [[1727]] editum semper semperque renovatum, praecepta amicorum lectorumque et patronorum postulabat. Inter contribuentes erat [[Lucius Roselli]] [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Ultraiectum|Ultraiectensis]]. == Opera == * 1715 : ''A Short Historical Account of Coffee'' * 1716-1727 : ''Historia plantarum succulentarum = The history of succulent plants''. Londinii; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/735 Textus apud BHL] * 1718-1720 : ''New Improvements of Planting and Gardening, both Philosophical and Practical''. Londinii: W. Mears; [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/qt884ddw editio 1719-1720 apud Wellcome Collection]; 5a ed.: 1726 * 1721 : ''The Virtue and Use of Coffee'' * 1721 : ''The Plague at Marseilles''. Londinii: W. Mears {{Google Books|FtpbAAAAQAAJ}} * 1721 : ''A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature'' {{Google Books|DJUQAAAAIAAJ}} * 1721-1724 : ''A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening'' in fasciculos 15, deinde in volumina 3 congessus * 1724 : ''New experiments and observations, relating to the generation of plants''. Londinii; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/254963#page/1/mode/1up Textus apud BHL] * 1727? : ''The country housewife and lady's director''. Londinii {{Google Books|nppgAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1727}}; [https://archive.org/details/b30507789/page/n7/mode/2up editio Dublinensis 1727]; [https://archive.org/details/countryhousewife00brad/ 6a ed., 1732, cui subiungitur pars altera nova]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_the-country-housewife-a_bradley-richard_1762 "6a ed." singulo volumine 1762] * 1727 : ''Ten Practical Discourses Concerning Earth and Water, Fire and Air, as They Relate to the Growth of Plants: With a Collection of New Discoveries for the Improvement of Land, Either in the Farm Or Garden'' {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1730 : ''A Course of Lectures upon the Materia Medica, Antient and Modern: Read in the Physick Schools at Cambridge''. Londinii {{Google Books|dHGInJ-LbscC}} * 1731 : ''New improvements of planting and gardening''. Londinii {{Google Books|-cw6AAAAcAAJ}} == Bibliographia == * Frédéric Blanchard, "[https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/bshg/2022-n191-192-bshg07175/1091234ar.pdf Richard Bradley, le café, la peste, les serres d’Amsterdam et l’introduction d’une nouvelle culture dans les colonies néerlandaises des Guyanes au début du XVIIIe siècle]" in ''Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe'' no. 191/192 (2022) pp. 1–151 [https://doi.org/10.7202/1091234ar DOI] * Caroline Davidson, ed., ''Richard Bradley: The country housewife and lady's director ... facsimile from the 1736 edition''. Londinii: Prospect Books, 1980 * J. Edmondson, "Richard Bradley (c. 1688–1732): an annotated bibliography, 1710–1818" in ''Archives of Natural History'' vol. 29 (2002) pp. 177–212; [https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.2002.29.2.177 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley's understanding of biological productivity: a study of eighteenth-century ecological ideas" in ''Journal of the History of Biology'' vol. 2 (1969) pp. 391–410 * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s illicit excursion into medical practice in 1714" in ''Medical History'' vol. 14 (1970) pp. 53–62; [https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025727300015131 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "Richard Bradley’s relationship with Sir Hans Sloane" in ''Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London'' vol. 25 (1970) pp. 59–77; [https://doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.1970.0005 DOI] * F. N. Egerton, "[https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/0012-9623(2006)87%5B117:AHOTES%5D2.0.CO;2 A history of the ecological sciences, part 20: Richard Bradley, entrepreneurial naturalist]" in ''Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America'' vol. 87 (2006) pp. 117–127 * F. N. Egerton, "Bradley, Richard (1688?–1732)" in {{ODNB}} * B. Henrey, ''British botanical and horticultural literature before 1800'' vol. 2 (1975) pp. 424-454, vol. 3 (1975) pp. 14–18 * G. D. Rowley, , ed., ''Richard Bradley: Collected writings on succulent plants''. 1964 * Melvin Santer, "Richard Bradley: A Unified, Living Agent Theory of the Cause of Infectious Diseases of Plants Animals, and Humans in the First Decades of the 18th Century" in ''Perspectives in Biology and Medicine'' vol. 52 (2009) pp. 566–578 * Fernando E. Vega, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354081817_Richard_Bradley%27s_A_Short_Historical_Account_of_Coffee_1715_and_The_Virtue_and_Use_of_Coffee_1721 Richard Bradley’s A Short Historical Account of Coffee (1715) and The Virtue and Use of Coffee (1721)]" in ''Biosis: Biological Systems'' vol. 2 iii (2021) pp. 315-328 * R. Williamson, "John Martyn and the Grub-street Journal, with particular references to his attacks on Richard Bentley, Richard Bradley" in ''Medical History'' vol. 5 (1961) pp. 361–374 * R. Williamson, "The germ theory of disease: neglected precursors of Louis Pasteur (Richard Bradley, Benjamin Martin, Jean-Baptiste Goiffon)" in ''Annals of Science'' vol. 11 (1955) pp. 44–57 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1732}} [[Categoria:Botanistae Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]] [[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]] 6c78b8j9zn3dhxlmeua9dq5vh79c1nb Sanctus Benedictus (Vosegus) 0 325639 3965084 2026-06-15T16:50:08Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3965084 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Saint-Benoît-la-Chipotte église 02.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sanctus Benedictus: despectus in vicum cum [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus|Sanctis]] [[Sanctus Benedictus|Benedicto]] [[Sanctus Stephanus|Stephanoque]] dicata.]] {{res|Sanctus Benedictus}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 1, p. 251.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''Saint-Benoît-la-Chipotte'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 442 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. Cognomen francogallicum ''la-Chipotte'' oppido datum est decreto diei 3 Maii 1925, ad commemorandas pugnas ad transitum la-Chipotte, quae mense Septembri 1914 gestae sunt. [[Fasciculus:Necropole 14-18 Chipotte.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Transitus la-Chipotte: militarium coemeterium]] {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Benoît-la-Chipotte|Sanctum Benedictum}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] 2x6z3qo1o7b4umclr7xjegc24i7igo9 Ioannes Sinner 0 325640 3965085 2026-06-15T16:50:34Z Davide2025 196606 Paginam instituit, scribens ''''Ioannes''', vulgo ''Jannik'', '''Sinner''' ([[India (Italia)|Indiae]] die [[16 Augusti]] [[2001]] natus) est [[Teniludus|tennilusor]] [[Italia|Italicus]]. [[Fasciculus:Jannik Sinner US Open 2025 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ioannes Sinner in anni [[2025]] ''[[US Open]]'', claro certamine teniludico.]] Currente optimus tennilusor inter orbem est. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Jannik Sinner|Ioannem Sinner}} {{Ling|Anglice}} [https://www.janniksinner.com/ Ioann...' 3965085 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ioannes''', vulgo ''Jannik'', '''Sinner''' ([[India (Italia)|Indiae]] die [[16 Augusti]] [[2001]] natus) est [[Teniludus|tennilusor]] [[Italia|Italicus]]. [[Fasciculus:Jannik Sinner US Open 2025 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ioannes Sinner in anni [[2025]] ''[[US Open]]'', claro certamine teniludico.]] Currente optimus tennilusor inter orbem est. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Jannik Sinner|Ioannem Sinner}} {{Ling|Anglice}} [https://www.janniksinner.com/ Ioannei Sinner situs interretialis.] {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Teniludus]] [[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Nati 2001]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Tennilusores]] ssi6616valso0i6toxvwdajk15br5mi 3965111 3965085 2026-06-15T20:58:25Z IacobusAmor 1163 3965111 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Jannik Sinner US Open 2025 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ioannes Sinner anno [[2025]] in ''[[US Open]]'', claro certamine teniludico.]] '''Ioannes''', vulgo ''Jannik'', '''Sinner''' ([[India (Italia)|Indiae]] in [[Italia]] die [[16 Augusti]] [[2001]] natus) est [[Teniludus|tennilusor]] [[Italia|Italicus]], optimus [[orbis terrarum]] tennilusor a multis aestimatus. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Jannik Sinner|Ioannem Sinner}} [https://www.janniksinner.com/ Ioannei Sinner situs interretialis.] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|2001||Sinner, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Tennilusores]] g5fwt2j6h6rzungbmymp8yhag483o88 3965181 3965111 2026-06-16T10:50:06Z Davide2025 196606 Ioannei Sinner biographia. 3965181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Jannik Sinner US Open 2025 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ioannes Sinner anno [[2025]] in ''[[US Open]]'', claro certamine teniludico.]] '''Ioannes''', vulgo ''Jannik'', '''Sinner''' ([[India (Italia)|Indiae]] in [[Italia]] die [[16 Augusti]] [[2001]] natus) est [[Teniludus|tennilusor]] [[Italia|Italicus]], optimus [[Tellus (planeta)|orbis terrarum]] tennilusor a multis aestimatus. [[Metrum|Metrorum]] 1.91 longus et [[Chiliogramma|chilogrammatum]] 77 ponderis est. == Biographia == Ioannes Ioannei Petri et Siglindis primus filius fuit: antea coniuges putabant se filios non habituri esse, sic Marcum [[Adoptio|adoptaverunt]]. Ioannes apud [[Sexta (Tridentinum-Athesia Superior/Tirolis Meridionalis)|Sextam]], qua parentes laborabant, crevit. Ioannei familia non [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]], sed [[Lingua Theodisca|Germanice]] loquebatur: [[Provincia Bauzanensis|hi loci]] propinquissimi [[Germania]]e [[Austria]]eque sunt. Postea Ioannes melius linguam Italianam didicit; fluenter [[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]] quoque loquitur. Puerus conductorem in [[Formula 1]] esse volebat, sed pro parentibus impensa altissima erat. Tunc Ioannes [[nartatio]]nem incepit, permulta certamina nationalia vincens; attamen simul in [[Teniludus|teniludo]] iam ludebat et, a tredecim annis, teniludum facere maluit quam super [[Nix|nivem]] labi. Tamen Sinner nec [[Autocinetum|autocinetorum]] certamina nec nartationis laminae plane non reliquit. Apud [[Bauzanum|Bauzani]] Institutum Technicum "Walther" studuit, sic ratiocinator factus est. Ioannes Sinner societatem [[Pediludium|pediludicam]] Italianam [[AC Milan|Associazione Calcio Milan]] favet. Ab anno [[2020]] in [[Principatus Monoeci|Monoeci Principato]] vivit. Sinner [[Vulpes|Vulpem]] [[Ruber|rubram]] (''Volpe rossa'') appellatur ob [[Pilus|capilli]] colorem, praeterea in Ioannei [[Logotypus|logotypo]] vulpes quidem effingitur. Ioannei desponsa usque ad [[2024]] Maria Braccini erat; deinde cum teniludi athleta [[Russia|Russica]] Anna Kalinskaya; nunc Ioannei desponsa [[Dania|Danica]] Laila Hasanovic est. Anno [[2025]] Ioannes associationem ''Jannik Sinner Foundation'' condidit, ut pueri [[Ars athletica|disportum]] ludosque adhibeantur. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Jannik Sinner|Ioannem Sinner}} [https://www.janniksinner.com/ Ioannei Sinner situs interretialis.] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|2001||Sinner, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Teniludus]] [[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Nati 2001]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Tennilusores]] 01rkjhc38re6g7k8xmm5wywx8ageeq6 Disputatio:Sanctus Benedictus (Vosegus) 1 325641 3965086 2026-06-15T16:51:47Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3965086 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Saint-Benoît-la-Chipotte|235803599}} 05v3dy32beaib1rqfj7dv8ywuon29l4 Sanctus Huldericus (Italia) 0 325642 3965097 2026-06-15T18:08:40Z Lesgles 13285 Lesgles movit paginam [[Sanctus Huldericus (Italia)]] ad [[Sanctus Odoricus]]: vide fontem 3965097 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Sanctus Odoricus]] 7e03288drzcw7n8ccjbon4zm9qukqvf Lucius Roselli 0 325644 3965108 2026-06-15T20:31:57Z Andrew Dalby 1084 + 3965108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Lucius Roselli}}, vulgo ''Lucio Roselli'' vel ''Rozelli'' (mortuus mense Februario [[1719]]) fuit exsul [[Italia|Italicus]] qui [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Ultraiecti]] anno [[1698]] pervenit. Professor se proposuisse dicitur sed [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Haga Comitum|Hagensis]] fit civesque Batavus. Protagonista fuit narrationis partim ficticiae [[Francogallice]] scriptae, quibus mox altera pars adiecit abbas [[Ioannes Olivier]] mythistoricus. Narratio [[lingua Nederlandica|Batave]], [[Anglice]] divulgata est. Sunt qui [[Daniel Defoe|Danielem Defoe]] interpretem versionis Anglicae fuisse censent. Coffeariam Hagensem {{Creanda|fr|Robert Challe|Robertus Challe}} scriptor frequentavit. Portugallensis quidam qui Hagae habitabat hae se meminisse confessus est: :''Au milieu du dix-huitième siècle il y avait un café sur le Plein [de La Haye], tenu par un Litalien du nom de Rozelli, qui était très-fréquenté par le beau monde. Ce Rozelli était un farceur, un homme à aventures, très-amusant, dont on a même publié une histoire. On venait dans ce café autant pour l'y voir et l'entendre raconter ses anecdotes, que pour la société qu'on y rencontrait.''<ref>{{qc|id= Fonseca (1853)}} vol. 1 p. 228</ref> Praecepta culinaria ad librum [[Ricardus Bradley|Ricardi Bradley]], titulo ''The country housewife and lady's director'' (1727) dedit. Bradley eum [[Haga Comitum|Hagae Comitum]] cognovit atque de eo ad amicum [[Ioannes Sloane|Ioanne Sloane]] in epistula scripsit, verbis ''the famous Rozelli who is the author of that diverting piece entitled Les Adventures de Seign. Rozelli''.<ref>[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Sloane ms. 3322 f. 62. {{qc|id= Davidson (1980)}} pars iii p. 46, cf. pars ii pp. 55-56</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; De homine * {{ec|id= Davidson (1980)|c= "A list of recipe contributors" in Caroline Davidson, ed., ''Richard Bradley: The country housewife and lady's director ... from the 1736 edition'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1980) pars iii p. 46 }} * {{ec|id= Fonseca (1853)|c= Antonio Lopez de Fonseca, ''La Haye, par un habitant''. Hagae: Van Stockum, 1853 {{Google Books|C9pSAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|l_LgMorsnFoC|vol. 2)}} }} ; De coffeariis Batavis * J. van Lennep, J. ter Gouw, ''De uithangteekens, in verband met geschiedenis en volksleven beschouwd''. Amstelodami: Gebroeders Kraay, 1868; [https://www.roosterroots.nl/images/uithangtekens.pdf editio interretialis]; [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lenn006uith01_01/lenn006uith01_01_0019.php fragmentum utile] * D. G. J. Schotel, ''Het maatschappelijk leven onzer vaderen in de zeventiende eeuw'' (Haarlem: Kruseman, 1869) [https://archive.org/details/hetmaatschappel00schogoog/page/n9/mode/1up p. 62] ; Editiones narrationis * 1704 : * 1709 : Amstelodami * 1710 : Ultraiecti (versio Batava) * 1716 : ''D'ongelukkige Napolitaan, of zeldzaam levensbedrijf van Rozelli''. Ultraiecti: Jakob van Poolsum, 1716 [https://www.abebooks.com/Dongelukkige-Napolitaan-zeldzaam-levensbedrijf-Rozelli-Behelzende/32349164780/bd descriptio bibliopolae]; [https://www.forumrarebooks.com/item/_olivier_abbe_jean__d_39_ongelukkige_napolitaan_of_zeldzaam_levensbedrijf_van_rozelli_.html alia, cum nota de morte Roselli] * 1725 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli, late of the Hague''. Londinii: F. Fayram, 1725; {{Google Books|CZdPKKHuf5oC|vol. 2, 4a ed., 1740}} * 2021 : Érik Leborgne, Emmanuelle Sempère, edd., ''L’Infortuné Napolitain ou les aventures du seigneur Rozelli. Édition critique''. Lutetiae: Classiques Garnier, 2021; [https://classiques-garnier.com/revue-d-histoire-litteraire-de-la-france-1-2023-123e-annee-n-1-varia-comptes-rendus.html?displaymode=full recensio operis]; [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/880289 alia] ; De narratione * René Démoris, ''Le Roman à la première personne''. Luteetiae: Armand Colin, 1975 == Nexus externi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Roselli, Lucius}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|saeculo 18}} 6qkn5i39bagr6zuo22h0fgywxwjdzwc 3965112 3965108 2026-06-15T20:59:24Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Bibliographia */ 3965112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Lucius Roselli}}, vulgo ''Lucio Roselli'' vel ''Rozelli'' (mortuus mense Februario [[1719]]) fuit exsul [[Italia|Italicus]] qui [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Ultraiecti]] anno [[1698]] pervenit. Professor se proposuisse dicitur sed [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Haga Comitum|Hagensis]] fit civesque Batavus. Protagonista fuit narrationis partim ficticiae [[Francogallice]] scriptae, quibus mox altera pars adiecit abbas [[Ioannes Olivier]] mythistoricus. Narratio [[lingua Nederlandica|Batave]], [[Anglice]] divulgata est. Sunt qui [[Daniel Defoe|Danielem Defoe]] interpretem versionis Anglicae fuisse censent. Coffeariam Hagensem {{Creanda|fr|Robert Challe|Robertus Challe}} scriptor frequentavit. Portugallensis quidam qui Hagae habitabat hae se meminisse confessus est: :''Au milieu du dix-huitième siècle il y avait un café sur le Plein [de La Haye], tenu par un Litalien du nom de Rozelli, qui était très-fréquenté par le beau monde. Ce Rozelli était un farceur, un homme à aventures, très-amusant, dont on a même publié une histoire. On venait dans ce café autant pour l'y voir et l'entendre raconter ses anecdotes, que pour la société qu'on y rencontrait.''<ref>{{qc|id= Fonseca (1853)}} vol. 1 p. 228</ref> Praecepta culinaria ad librum [[Ricardus Bradley|Ricardi Bradley]], titulo ''The country housewife and lady's director'' (1727) dedit. Bradley eum [[Haga Comitum|Hagae Comitum]] cognovit atque de eo ad amicum [[Ioannes Sloane|Ioanne Sloane]] in epistula scripsit, verbis ''the famous Rozelli who is the author of that diverting piece entitled Les Adventures de Seign. Rozelli''.<ref>[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Sloane ms. 3322 f. 62. {{qc|id= Davidson (1980)}} pars iii p. 46, cf. pars ii pp. 55-56</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; De homine * {{ec|id= Davidson (1980)|c= "A list of recipe contributors" in Caroline Davidson, ed., ''Richard Bradley: The country housewife and lady's director ... from the 1736 edition'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1980) pars iii p. 46 }} * {{ec|id= Fonseca (1853)|c= Antonio Lopez de Fonseca, ''La Haye, par un habitant''. Hagae: Van Stockum, 1853 {{Google Books|C9pSAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|l_LgMorsnFoC|vol. 2)}} }} ; De coffeariis Batavis * J. van Lennep, J. ter Gouw, ''De uithangteekens, in verband met geschiedenis en volksleven beschouwd''. Amstelodami: Gebroeders Kraay, 1868; [https://www.roosterroots.nl/images/uithangtekens.pdf editio interretialis]; [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lenn006uith01_01/lenn006uith01_01_0019.php fragmentum utile] * D. G. J. Schotel, ''Het maatschappelijk leven onzer vaderen in de zeventiende eeuw'' (Haarlem: Kruseman, 1869) [https://archive.org/details/hetmaatschappel00schogoog/page/n9/mode/1up p. 62] ; Editiones narrationis * 1708-1709 : ''L' infortuné Napolitain ou les avantures du seigneur Rozelli''; ''La vie et avantures du seigneur Rozelli''. Lutetiae: Claude Rapin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11426154 3a ed., vol. 1], [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10780655 2a ed., vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] {{Google Books|nLxWAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}}. -- Lutetiae: Pierre Witte [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10066374 vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] * 1709 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli''. Londinii: John Morphew [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_linfortune-napolitain_olivier-abbe_1709 Textus] * 1716 : ''D'ongelukkige Napolitaan, of zeldzaam levensbedrijf van Rozelli''. Ultraiecti: Jakob van Poolsum, 1716 [https://www.abebooks.com/Dongelukkige-Napolitaan-zeldzaam-levensbedrijf-Rozelli-Behelzende/32349164780/bd descriptio bibliopolae]; [https://www.forumrarebooks.com/item/_olivier_abbe_jean__d_39_ongelukkige_napolitaan_of_zeldzaam_levensbedrijf_van_rozelli_.html alia, cum nota de morte Roselli] * 1725 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli, late of the Hague''. Londinii: F. Fayram, 1725; [https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflifeadv01oliv/ vol. 1, 4a ed., 1740] {{Google Books|CZdPKKHuf5oC|vol. 2, 4a ed., 1740}} * 2021 : Érik Leborgne, Emmanuelle Sempère, edd., ''L’Infortuné Napolitain ou les aventures du seigneur Rozelli. Édition critique''. Lutetiae: Classiques Garnier, 2021; [https://classiques-garnier.com/revue-d-histoire-litteraire-de-la-france-1-2023-123e-annee-n-1-varia-comptes-rendus.html?displaymode=full recensio operis]; [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/880289 alia] ; De narratione * René Démoris, ''Le Roman à la première personne''. Luteetiae: Armand Colin, 1975 * Antonio Viselli, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/32462 L’Illustre malheureuse et L’Infortuné Napolitain, deux cosmopolites dans une Europe en crise de conscience]" in Anne-Lise Blanc et al., edd., ''La profusion et l’unité: pour Françoise Haffner'' (Perpiniani: Presses universitaires de Perpignan, n.d.) pp. 233-248 == Nexus externi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Roselli, Lucius}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|saeculo 18}} ocmag9dz38df8bk7n2fd9n2rphmhhx8 3965113 3965112 2026-06-15T20:59:55Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Coffeariae]] 3965113 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Lucius Roselli}}, vulgo ''Lucio Roselli'' vel ''Rozelli'' (mortuus mense Februario [[1719]]) fuit exsul [[Italia|Italicus]] qui [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Ultraiecti]] anno [[1698]] pervenit. Professor se proposuisse dicitur sed [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Haga Comitum|Hagensis]] fit civesque Batavus. Protagonista fuit narrationis partim ficticiae [[Francogallice]] scriptae, quibus mox altera pars adiecit abbas [[Ioannes Olivier]] mythistoricus. Narratio [[lingua Nederlandica|Batave]], [[Anglice]] divulgata est. Sunt qui [[Daniel Defoe|Danielem Defoe]] interpretem versionis Anglicae fuisse censent. Coffeariam Hagensem {{Creanda|fr|Robert Challe|Robertus Challe}} scriptor frequentavit. Portugallensis quidam qui Hagae habitabat hae se meminisse confessus est: :''Au milieu du dix-huitième siècle il y avait un café sur le Plein [de La Haye], tenu par un Litalien du nom de Rozelli, qui était très-fréquenté par le beau monde. Ce Rozelli était un farceur, un homme à aventures, très-amusant, dont on a même publié une histoire. On venait dans ce café autant pour l'y voir et l'entendre raconter ses anecdotes, que pour la société qu'on y rencontrait.''<ref>{{qc|id= Fonseca (1853)}} vol. 1 p. 228</ref> Praecepta culinaria ad librum [[Ricardus Bradley|Ricardi Bradley]], titulo ''The country housewife and lady's director'' (1727) dedit. Bradley eum [[Haga Comitum|Hagae Comitum]] cognovit atque de eo ad amicum [[Ioannes Sloane|Ioanne Sloane]] in epistula scripsit, verbis ''the famous Rozelli who is the author of that diverting piece entitled Les Adventures de Seign. Rozelli''.<ref>[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Sloane ms. 3322 f. 62. {{qc|id= Davidson (1980)}} pars iii p. 46, cf. pars ii pp. 55-56</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; De homine * {{ec|id= Davidson (1980)|c= "A list of recipe contributors" in Caroline Davidson, ed., ''Richard Bradley: The country housewife and lady's director ... from the 1736 edition'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1980) pars iii p. 46 }} * {{ec|id= Fonseca (1853)|c= Antonio Lopez de Fonseca, ''La Haye, par un habitant''. Hagae: Van Stockum, 1853 {{Google Books|C9pSAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|l_LgMorsnFoC|vol. 2)}} }} ; De coffeariis Batavis * J. van Lennep, J. ter Gouw, ''De uithangteekens, in verband met geschiedenis en volksleven beschouwd''. Amstelodami: Gebroeders Kraay, 1868; [https://www.roosterroots.nl/images/uithangtekens.pdf editio interretialis]; [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lenn006uith01_01/lenn006uith01_01_0019.php fragmentum utile] * D. G. J. Schotel, ''Het maatschappelijk leven onzer vaderen in de zeventiende eeuw'' (Haarlem: Kruseman, 1869) [https://archive.org/details/hetmaatschappel00schogoog/page/n9/mode/1up p. 62] ; Editiones narrationis * 1708-1709 : ''L' infortuné Napolitain ou les avantures du seigneur Rozelli''; ''La vie et avantures du seigneur Rozelli''. Lutetiae: Claude Rapin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11426154 3a ed., vol. 1], [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10780655 2a ed., vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] {{Google Books|nLxWAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}}. -- Lutetiae: Pierre Witte [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10066374 vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] * 1709 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli''. Londinii: John Morphew [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_linfortune-napolitain_olivier-abbe_1709 Textus] * 1716 : ''D'ongelukkige Napolitaan, of zeldzaam levensbedrijf van Rozelli''. Ultraiecti: Jakob van Poolsum, 1716 [https://www.abebooks.com/Dongelukkige-Napolitaan-zeldzaam-levensbedrijf-Rozelli-Behelzende/32349164780/bd descriptio bibliopolae]; [https://www.forumrarebooks.com/item/_olivier_abbe_jean__d_39_ongelukkige_napolitaan_of_zeldzaam_levensbedrijf_van_rozelli_.html alia, cum nota de morte Roselli] * 1725 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli, late of the Hague''. Londinii: F. Fayram, 1725; [https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflifeadv01oliv/ vol. 1, 4a ed., 1740] {{Google Books|CZdPKKHuf5oC|vol. 2, 4a ed., 1740}} * 2021 : Érik Leborgne, Emmanuelle Sempère, edd., ''L’Infortuné Napolitain ou les aventures du seigneur Rozelli. Édition critique''. Lutetiae: Classiques Garnier, 2021; [https://classiques-garnier.com/revue-d-histoire-litteraire-de-la-france-1-2023-123e-annee-n-1-varia-comptes-rendus.html?displaymode=full recensio operis]; [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/880289 alia] ; De narratione * René Démoris, ''Le Roman à la première personne''. Luteetiae: Armand Colin, 1975 * Antonio Viselli, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/32462 L’Illustre malheureuse et L’Infortuné Napolitain, deux cosmopolites dans une Europe en crise de conscience]" in Anne-Lise Blanc et al., edd., ''La profusion et l’unité: pour Françoise Haffner'' (Perpiniani: Presses universitaires de Perpignan, n.d.) pp. 233-248 == Nexus externi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Roselli, Lucius}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|saeculo 18}} [[Categoria:Coffeariae]] 34zy5x83cb4wgu3seop4mmrr40fdupy 3965114 3965113 2026-06-15T21:00:17Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Tabernae]] 3965114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Lucius Roselli}}, vulgo ''Lucio Roselli'' vel ''Rozelli'' (mortuus mense Februario [[1719]]) fuit exsul [[Italia|Italicus]] qui [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Ultraiecti]] anno [[1698]] pervenit. Professor se proposuisse dicitur sed [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Haga Comitum|Hagensis]] fit civesque Batavus. Protagonista fuit narrationis partim ficticiae [[Francogallice]] scriptae, quibus mox altera pars adiecit abbas [[Ioannes Olivier]] mythistoricus. Narratio [[lingua Nederlandica|Batave]], [[Anglice]] divulgata est. Sunt qui [[Daniel Defoe|Danielem Defoe]] interpretem versionis Anglicae fuisse censent. Coffeariam Hagensem {{Creanda|fr|Robert Challe|Robertus Challe}} scriptor frequentavit. Portugallensis quidam qui Hagae habitabat hae se meminisse confessus est: :''Au milieu du dix-huitième siècle il y avait un café sur le Plein [de La Haye], tenu par un Litalien du nom de Rozelli, qui était très-fréquenté par le beau monde. Ce Rozelli était un farceur, un homme à aventures, très-amusant, dont on a même publié une histoire. On venait dans ce café autant pour l'y voir et l'entendre raconter ses anecdotes, que pour la société qu'on y rencontrait.''<ref>{{qc|id= Fonseca (1853)}} vol. 1 p. 228</ref> Praecepta culinaria ad librum [[Ricardus Bradley|Ricardi Bradley]], titulo ''The country housewife and lady's director'' (1727) dedit. Bradley eum [[Haga Comitum|Hagae Comitum]] cognovit atque de eo ad amicum [[Ioannes Sloane|Ioanne Sloane]] in epistula scripsit, verbis ''the famous Rozelli who is the author of that diverting piece entitled Les Adventures de Seign. Rozelli''.<ref>[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Sloane ms. 3322 f. 62. {{qc|id= Davidson (1980)}} pars iii p. 46, cf. pars ii pp. 55-56</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; De homine * {{ec|id= Davidson (1980)|c= "A list of recipe contributors" in Caroline Davidson, ed., ''Richard Bradley: The country housewife and lady's director ... from the 1736 edition'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1980) pars iii p. 46 }} * {{ec|id= Fonseca (1853)|c= Antonio Lopez de Fonseca, ''La Haye, par un habitant''. Hagae: Van Stockum, 1853 {{Google Books|C9pSAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|l_LgMorsnFoC|vol. 2)}} }} ; De coffeariis Batavis * J. van Lennep, J. ter Gouw, ''De uithangteekens, in verband met geschiedenis en volksleven beschouwd''. Amstelodami: Gebroeders Kraay, 1868; [https://www.roosterroots.nl/images/uithangtekens.pdf editio interretialis]; [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lenn006uith01_01/lenn006uith01_01_0019.php fragmentum utile] * D. G. J. Schotel, ''Het maatschappelijk leven onzer vaderen in de zeventiende eeuw'' (Haarlem: Kruseman, 1869) [https://archive.org/details/hetmaatschappel00schogoog/page/n9/mode/1up p. 62] ; Editiones narrationis * 1708-1709 : ''L' infortuné Napolitain ou les avantures du seigneur Rozelli''; ''La vie et avantures du seigneur Rozelli''. Lutetiae: Claude Rapin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11426154 3a ed., vol. 1], [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10780655 2a ed., vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] {{Google Books|nLxWAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}}. -- Lutetiae: Pierre Witte [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10066374 vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] * 1709 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli''. Londinii: John Morphew [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_linfortune-napolitain_olivier-abbe_1709 Textus] * 1716 : ''D'ongelukkige Napolitaan, of zeldzaam levensbedrijf van Rozelli''. Ultraiecti: Jakob van Poolsum, 1716 [https://www.abebooks.com/Dongelukkige-Napolitaan-zeldzaam-levensbedrijf-Rozelli-Behelzende/32349164780/bd descriptio bibliopolae]; [https://www.forumrarebooks.com/item/_olivier_abbe_jean__d_39_ongelukkige_napolitaan_of_zeldzaam_levensbedrijf_van_rozelli_.html alia, cum nota de morte Roselli] * 1725 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli, late of the Hague''. Londinii: F. Fayram, 1725; [https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflifeadv01oliv/ vol. 1, 4a ed., 1740] {{Google Books|CZdPKKHuf5oC|vol. 2, 4a ed., 1740}} * 2021 : Érik Leborgne, Emmanuelle Sempère, edd., ''L’Infortuné Napolitain ou les aventures du seigneur Rozelli. Édition critique''. Lutetiae: Classiques Garnier, 2021; [https://classiques-garnier.com/revue-d-histoire-litteraire-de-la-france-1-2023-123e-annee-n-1-varia-comptes-rendus.html?displaymode=full recensio operis]; [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/880289 alia] ; De narratione * René Démoris, ''Le Roman à la première personne''. Luteetiae: Armand Colin, 1975 * Antonio Viselli, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/32462 L’Illustre malheureuse et L’Infortuné Napolitain, deux cosmopolites dans une Europe en crise de conscience]" in Anne-Lise Blanc et al., edd., ''La profusion et l’unité: pour Françoise Haffner'' (Perpiniani: Presses universitaires de Perpignan, n.d.) pp. 233-248 == Nexus externi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Roselli, Lucius}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|saeculo 18}} [[Categoria:Coffeariae]] [[Categoria:Tabernae]] imjmxkntkcux3add4mt1q164peb4y6u 3965115 3965114 2026-06-15T21:00:47Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: -[[Categoria:Tabernae]] 3965115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Lucius Roselli}}, vulgo ''Lucio Roselli'' vel ''Rozelli'' (mortuus mense Februario [[1719]]) fuit exsul [[Italia|Italicus]] qui [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Ultraiecti]] anno [[1698]] pervenit. Professor se proposuisse dicitur sed [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Haga Comitum|Hagensis]] fit civesque Batavus. Protagonista fuit narrationis partim ficticiae [[Francogallice]] scriptae, quibus mox altera pars adiecit abbas [[Ioannes Olivier]] mythistoricus. Narratio [[lingua Nederlandica|Batave]], [[Anglice]] divulgata est. Sunt qui [[Daniel Defoe|Danielem Defoe]] interpretem versionis Anglicae fuisse censent. Coffeariam Hagensem {{Creanda|fr|Robert Challe|Robertus Challe}} scriptor frequentavit. Portugallensis quidam qui Hagae habitabat hae se meminisse confessus est: :''Au milieu du dix-huitième siècle il y avait un café sur le Plein [de La Haye], tenu par un Litalien du nom de Rozelli, qui était très-fréquenté par le beau monde. Ce Rozelli était un farceur, un homme à aventures, très-amusant, dont on a même publié une histoire. On venait dans ce café autant pour l'y voir et l'entendre raconter ses anecdotes, que pour la société qu'on y rencontrait.''<ref>{{qc|id= Fonseca (1853)}} vol. 1 p. 228</ref> Praecepta culinaria ad librum [[Ricardus Bradley|Ricardi Bradley]], titulo ''The country housewife and lady's director'' (1727) dedit. Bradley eum [[Haga Comitum|Hagae Comitum]] cognovit atque de eo ad amicum [[Ioannes Sloane|Ioanne Sloane]] in epistula scripsit, verbis ''the famous Rozelli who is the author of that diverting piece entitled Les Adventures de Seign. Rozelli''.<ref>[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Sloane ms. 3322 f. 62. {{qc|id= Davidson (1980)}} pars iii p. 46, cf. pars ii pp. 55-56</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; De homine * {{ec|id= Davidson (1980)|c= "A list of recipe contributors" in Caroline Davidson, ed., ''Richard Bradley: The country housewife and lady's director ... from the 1736 edition'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1980) pars iii p. 46 }} * {{ec|id= Fonseca (1853)|c= Antonio Lopez de Fonseca, ''La Haye, par un habitant''. Hagae: Van Stockum, 1853 {{Google Books|C9pSAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|l_LgMorsnFoC|vol. 2)}} }} ; De coffeariis Batavis * J. van Lennep, J. ter Gouw, ''De uithangteekens, in verband met geschiedenis en volksleven beschouwd''. Amstelodami: Gebroeders Kraay, 1868; [https://www.roosterroots.nl/images/uithangtekens.pdf editio interretialis]; [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lenn006uith01_01/lenn006uith01_01_0019.php fragmentum utile] * D. G. J. Schotel, ''Het maatschappelijk leven onzer vaderen in de zeventiende eeuw'' (Haarlem: Kruseman, 1869) [https://archive.org/details/hetmaatschappel00schogoog/page/n9/mode/1up p. 62] ; Editiones narrationis * 1708-1709 : ''L' infortuné Napolitain ou les avantures du seigneur Rozelli''; ''La vie et avantures du seigneur Rozelli''. Lutetiae: Claude Rapin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11426154 3a ed., vol. 1], [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10780655 2a ed., vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] {{Google Books|nLxWAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}}. -- Lutetiae: Pierre Witte [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10066374 vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] * 1709 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli''. Londinii: John Morphew [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_linfortune-napolitain_olivier-abbe_1709 Textus] * 1716 : ''D'ongelukkige Napolitaan, of zeldzaam levensbedrijf van Rozelli''. Ultraiecti: Jakob van Poolsum, 1716 [https://www.abebooks.com/Dongelukkige-Napolitaan-zeldzaam-levensbedrijf-Rozelli-Behelzende/32349164780/bd descriptio bibliopolae]; [https://www.forumrarebooks.com/item/_olivier_abbe_jean__d_39_ongelukkige_napolitaan_of_zeldzaam_levensbedrijf_van_rozelli_.html alia, cum nota de morte Roselli] * 1725 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli, late of the Hague''. Londinii: F. Fayram, 1725; [https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflifeadv01oliv/ vol. 1, 4a ed., 1740] {{Google Books|CZdPKKHuf5oC|vol. 2, 4a ed., 1740}} * 2021 : Érik Leborgne, Emmanuelle Sempère, edd., ''L’Infortuné Napolitain ou les aventures du seigneur Rozelli. Édition critique''. Lutetiae: Classiques Garnier, 2021; [https://classiques-garnier.com/revue-d-histoire-litteraire-de-la-france-1-2023-123e-annee-n-1-varia-comptes-rendus.html?displaymode=full recensio operis]; [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/880289 alia] ; De narratione * René Démoris, ''Le Roman à la première personne''. Luteetiae: Armand Colin, 1975 * Antonio Viselli, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/32462 L’Illustre malheureuse et L’Infortuné Napolitain, deux cosmopolites dans une Europe en crise de conscience]" in Anne-Lise Blanc et al., edd., ''La profusion et l’unité: pour Françoise Haffner'' (Perpiniani: Presses universitaires de Perpignan, n.d.) pp. 233-248 == Nexus externi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Roselli, Lucius}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|saeculo 18}} [[Categoria:Coffeariae]] 34zy5x83cb4wgu3seop4mmrr40fdupy 3965116 3965115 2026-06-15T21:01:27Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Nexus externi */ 3965116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Lucius Roselli}}, vulgo ''Lucio Roselli'' vel ''Rozelli'' (mortuus mense Februario [[1719]]) fuit exsul [[Italia|Italicus]] qui [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Ultraiecti]] anno [[1698]] pervenit. Professor se proposuisse dicitur sed [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Haga Comitum|Hagensis]] fit civesque Batavus. Protagonista fuit narrationis partim ficticiae [[Francogallice]] scriptae, quibus mox altera pars adiecit abbas [[Ioannes Olivier]] mythistoricus. Narratio [[lingua Nederlandica|Batave]], [[Anglice]] divulgata est. Sunt qui [[Daniel Defoe|Danielem Defoe]] interpretem versionis Anglicae fuisse censent. Coffeariam Hagensem {{Creanda|fr|Robert Challe|Robertus Challe}} scriptor frequentavit. Portugallensis quidam qui Hagae habitabat hae se meminisse confessus est: :''Au milieu du dix-huitième siècle il y avait un café sur le Plein [de La Haye], tenu par un Litalien du nom de Rozelli, qui était très-fréquenté par le beau monde. Ce Rozelli était un farceur, un homme à aventures, très-amusant, dont on a même publié une histoire. On venait dans ce café autant pour l'y voir et l'entendre raconter ses anecdotes, que pour la société qu'on y rencontrait.''<ref>{{qc|id= Fonseca (1853)}} vol. 1 p. 228</ref> Praecepta culinaria ad librum [[Ricardus Bradley|Ricardi Bradley]], titulo ''The country housewife and lady's director'' (1727) dedit. Bradley eum [[Haga Comitum|Hagae Comitum]] cognovit atque de eo ad amicum [[Ioannes Sloane|Ioanne Sloane]] in epistula scripsit, verbis ''the famous Rozelli who is the author of that diverting piece entitled Les Adventures de Seign. Rozelli''.<ref>[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Sloane ms. 3322 f. 62. {{qc|id= Davidson (1980)}} pars iii p. 46, cf. pars ii pp. 55-56</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; De homine * {{ec|id= Davidson (1980)|c= "A list of recipe contributors" in Caroline Davidson, ed., ''Richard Bradley: The country housewife and lady's director ... from the 1736 edition'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1980) pars iii p. 46 }} * {{ec|id= Fonseca (1853)|c= Antonio Lopez de Fonseca, ''La Haye, par un habitant''. Hagae: Van Stockum, 1853 {{Google Books|C9pSAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|l_LgMorsnFoC|vol. 2)}} }} ; De coffeariis Batavis * J. van Lennep, J. ter Gouw, ''De uithangteekens, in verband met geschiedenis en volksleven beschouwd''. Amstelodami: Gebroeders Kraay, 1868; [https://www.roosterroots.nl/images/uithangtekens.pdf editio interretialis]; [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lenn006uith01_01/lenn006uith01_01_0019.php fragmentum utile] * D. G. J. Schotel, ''Het maatschappelijk leven onzer vaderen in de zeventiende eeuw'' (Haarlem: Kruseman, 1869) [https://archive.org/details/hetmaatschappel00schogoog/page/n9/mode/1up p. 62] ; Editiones narrationis * 1708-1709 : ''L' infortuné Napolitain ou les avantures du seigneur Rozelli''; ''La vie et avantures du seigneur Rozelli''. Lutetiae: Claude Rapin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11426154 3a ed., vol. 1], [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10780655 2a ed., vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] {{Google Books|nLxWAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}}. -- Lutetiae: Pierre Witte [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10066374 vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] * 1709 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli''. Londinii: John Morphew [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_linfortune-napolitain_olivier-abbe_1709 Textus] * 1716 : ''D'ongelukkige Napolitaan, of zeldzaam levensbedrijf van Rozelli''. Ultraiecti: Jakob van Poolsum, 1716 [https://www.abebooks.com/Dongelukkige-Napolitaan-zeldzaam-levensbedrijf-Rozelli-Behelzende/32349164780/bd descriptio bibliopolae]; [https://www.forumrarebooks.com/item/_olivier_abbe_jean__d_39_ongelukkige_napolitaan_of_zeldzaam_levensbedrijf_van_rozelli_.html alia, cum nota de morte Roselli] * 1725 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli, late of the Hague''. Londinii: F. Fayram, 1725; [https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflifeadv01oliv/ vol. 1, 4a ed., 1740] {{Google Books|CZdPKKHuf5oC|vol. 2, 4a ed., 1740}} * 2021 : Érik Leborgne, Emmanuelle Sempère, edd., ''L’Infortuné Napolitain ou les aventures du seigneur Rozelli. Édition critique''. Lutetiae: Classiques Garnier, 2021; [https://classiques-garnier.com/revue-d-histoire-litteraire-de-la-france-1-2023-123e-annee-n-1-varia-comptes-rendus.html?displaymode=full recensio operis]; [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/880289 alia] ; De narratione * René Démoris, ''Le Roman à la première personne''. Luteetiae: Armand Colin, 1975 * Antonio Viselli, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/32462 L’Illustre malheureuse et L’Infortuné Napolitain, deux cosmopolites dans une Europe en crise de conscience]" in Anne-Lise Blanc et al., edd., ''La profusion et l’unité: pour Françoise Haffner'' (Perpiniani: Presses universitaires de Perpignan, n.d.) pp. 233-248 == Nexus externi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Roselli, Lucius}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1719}} [[Categoria:Coffeariae]] g7j4ylsnr4zvxtybd538nv50uzh6y1m 3965117 3965116 2026-06-15T21:01:55Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Scriptores Nederlandiae]] 3965117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Lucius Roselli}}, vulgo ''Lucio Roselli'' vel ''Rozelli'' (mortuus mense Februario [[1719]]) fuit exsul [[Italia|Italicus]] qui [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Ultraiecti]] anno [[1698]] pervenit. Professor se proposuisse dicitur sed [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Haga Comitum|Hagensis]] fit civesque Batavus. Protagonista fuit narrationis partim ficticiae [[Francogallice]] scriptae, quibus mox altera pars adiecit abbas [[Ioannes Olivier]] mythistoricus. Narratio [[lingua Nederlandica|Batave]], [[Anglice]] divulgata est. Sunt qui [[Daniel Defoe|Danielem Defoe]] interpretem versionis Anglicae fuisse censent. Coffeariam Hagensem {{Creanda|fr|Robert Challe|Robertus Challe}} scriptor frequentavit. Portugallensis quidam qui Hagae habitabat hae se meminisse confessus est: :''Au milieu du dix-huitième siècle il y avait un café sur le Plein [de La Haye], tenu par un Litalien du nom de Rozelli, qui était très-fréquenté par le beau monde. Ce Rozelli était un farceur, un homme à aventures, très-amusant, dont on a même publié une histoire. On venait dans ce café autant pour l'y voir et l'entendre raconter ses anecdotes, que pour la société qu'on y rencontrait.''<ref>{{qc|id= Fonseca (1853)}} vol. 1 p. 228</ref> Praecepta culinaria ad librum [[Ricardus Bradley|Ricardi Bradley]], titulo ''The country housewife and lady's director'' (1727) dedit. Bradley eum [[Haga Comitum|Hagae Comitum]] cognovit atque de eo ad amicum [[Ioannes Sloane|Ioanne Sloane]] in epistula scripsit, verbis ''the famous Rozelli who is the author of that diverting piece entitled Les Adventures de Seign. Rozelli''.<ref>[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Sloane ms. 3322 f. 62. {{qc|id= Davidson (1980)}} pars iii p. 46, cf. pars ii pp. 55-56</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; De homine * {{ec|id= Davidson (1980)|c= "A list of recipe contributors" in Caroline Davidson, ed., ''Richard Bradley: The country housewife and lady's director ... from the 1736 edition'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1980) pars iii p. 46 }} * {{ec|id= Fonseca (1853)|c= Antonio Lopez de Fonseca, ''La Haye, par un habitant''. Hagae: Van Stockum, 1853 {{Google Books|C9pSAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|l_LgMorsnFoC|vol. 2)}} }} ; De coffeariis Batavis * J. van Lennep, J. ter Gouw, ''De uithangteekens, in verband met geschiedenis en volksleven beschouwd''. Amstelodami: Gebroeders Kraay, 1868; [https://www.roosterroots.nl/images/uithangtekens.pdf editio interretialis]; [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lenn006uith01_01/lenn006uith01_01_0019.php fragmentum utile] * D. G. J. Schotel, ''Het maatschappelijk leven onzer vaderen in de zeventiende eeuw'' (Haarlem: Kruseman, 1869) [https://archive.org/details/hetmaatschappel00schogoog/page/n9/mode/1up p. 62] ; Editiones narrationis * 1708-1709 : ''L' infortuné Napolitain ou les avantures du seigneur Rozelli''; ''La vie et avantures du seigneur Rozelli''. Lutetiae: Claude Rapin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11426154 3a ed., vol. 1], [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10780655 2a ed., vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] {{Google Books|nLxWAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}}. -- Lutetiae: Pierre Witte [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10066374 vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] * 1709 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli''. Londinii: John Morphew [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_linfortune-napolitain_olivier-abbe_1709 Textus] * 1716 : ''D'ongelukkige Napolitaan, of zeldzaam levensbedrijf van Rozelli''. Ultraiecti: Jakob van Poolsum, 1716 [https://www.abebooks.com/Dongelukkige-Napolitaan-zeldzaam-levensbedrijf-Rozelli-Behelzende/32349164780/bd descriptio bibliopolae]; [https://www.forumrarebooks.com/item/_olivier_abbe_jean__d_39_ongelukkige_napolitaan_of_zeldzaam_levensbedrijf_van_rozelli_.html alia, cum nota de morte Roselli] * 1725 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli, late of the Hague''. Londinii: F. Fayram, 1725; [https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflifeadv01oliv/ vol. 1, 4a ed., 1740] {{Google Books|CZdPKKHuf5oC|vol. 2, 4a ed., 1740}} * 2021 : Érik Leborgne, Emmanuelle Sempère, edd., ''L’Infortuné Napolitain ou les aventures du seigneur Rozelli. Édition critique''. Lutetiae: Classiques Garnier, 2021; [https://classiques-garnier.com/revue-d-histoire-litteraire-de-la-france-1-2023-123e-annee-n-1-varia-comptes-rendus.html?displaymode=full recensio operis]; [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/880289 alia] ; De narratione * René Démoris, ''Le Roman à la première personne''. Luteetiae: Armand Colin, 1975 * Antonio Viselli, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/32462 L’Illustre malheureuse et L’Infortuné Napolitain, deux cosmopolites dans une Europe en crise de conscience]" in Anne-Lise Blanc et al., edd., ''La profusion et l’unité: pour Françoise Haffner'' (Perpiniani: Presses universitaires de Perpignan, n.d.) pp. 233-248 == Nexus externi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Roselli, Lucius}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1719}} [[Categoria:Coffeariae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Nederlandiae]] jncvr443oz78375tf8p7ad15rt63w19 3965118 3965117 2026-06-15T21:02:32Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]] 3965118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Lucius Roselli}}, vulgo ''Lucio Roselli'' vel ''Rozelli'' (mortuus mense Februario [[1719]]) fuit exsul [[Italia|Italicus]] qui [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Ultraiecti]] anno [[1698]] pervenit. Professor se proposuisse dicitur sed [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Haga Comitum|Hagensis]] fit civesque Batavus. Protagonista fuit narrationis partim ficticiae [[Francogallice]] scriptae, quibus mox altera pars adiecit abbas [[Ioannes Olivier]] mythistoricus. Narratio [[lingua Nederlandica|Batave]], [[Anglice]] divulgata est. Sunt qui [[Daniel Defoe|Danielem Defoe]] interpretem versionis Anglicae fuisse censent. Coffeariam Hagensem {{Creanda|fr|Robert Challe|Robertus Challe}} scriptor frequentavit. Portugallensis quidam qui Hagae habitabat hae se meminisse confessus est: :''Au milieu du dix-huitième siècle il y avait un café sur le Plein [de La Haye], tenu par un Litalien du nom de Rozelli, qui était très-fréquenté par le beau monde. Ce Rozelli était un farceur, un homme à aventures, très-amusant, dont on a même publié une histoire. On venait dans ce café autant pour l'y voir et l'entendre raconter ses anecdotes, que pour la société qu'on y rencontrait.''<ref>{{qc|id= Fonseca (1853)}} vol. 1 p. 228</ref> Praecepta culinaria ad librum [[Ricardus Bradley|Ricardi Bradley]], titulo ''The country housewife and lady's director'' (1727) dedit. Bradley eum [[Haga Comitum|Hagae Comitum]] cognovit atque de eo ad amicum [[Ioannes Sloane|Ioanne Sloane]] in epistula scripsit, verbis ''the famous Rozelli who is the author of that diverting piece entitled Les Adventures de Seign. Rozelli''.<ref>[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Sloane ms. 3322 f. 62. {{qc|id= Davidson (1980)}} pars iii p. 46, cf. pars ii pp. 55-56</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; De homine * {{ec|id= Davidson (1980)|c= "A list of recipe contributors" in Caroline Davidson, ed., ''Richard Bradley: The country housewife and lady's director ... from the 1736 edition'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1980) pars iii p. 46 }} * {{ec|id= Fonseca (1853)|c= Antonio Lopez de Fonseca, ''La Haye, par un habitant''. Hagae: Van Stockum, 1853 {{Google Books|C9pSAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|l_LgMorsnFoC|vol. 2)}} }} ; De coffeariis Batavis * J. van Lennep, J. ter Gouw, ''De uithangteekens, in verband met geschiedenis en volksleven beschouwd''. Amstelodami: Gebroeders Kraay, 1868; [https://www.roosterroots.nl/images/uithangtekens.pdf editio interretialis]; [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lenn006uith01_01/lenn006uith01_01_0019.php fragmentum utile] * D. G. J. Schotel, ''Het maatschappelijk leven onzer vaderen in de zeventiende eeuw'' (Haarlem: Kruseman, 1869) [https://archive.org/details/hetmaatschappel00schogoog/page/n9/mode/1up p. 62] ; Editiones narrationis * 1708-1709 : ''L' infortuné Napolitain ou les avantures du seigneur Rozelli''; ''La vie et avantures du seigneur Rozelli''. Lutetiae: Claude Rapin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11426154 3a ed., vol. 1], [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10780655 2a ed., vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] {{Google Books|nLxWAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}}. -- Lutetiae: Pierre Witte [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10066374 vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] * 1709 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli''. Londinii: John Morphew [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_linfortune-napolitain_olivier-abbe_1709 Textus] * 1716 : ''D'ongelukkige Napolitaan, of zeldzaam levensbedrijf van Rozelli''. Ultraiecti: Jakob van Poolsum, 1716 [https://www.abebooks.com/Dongelukkige-Napolitaan-zeldzaam-levensbedrijf-Rozelli-Behelzende/32349164780/bd descriptio bibliopolae]; [https://www.forumrarebooks.com/item/_olivier_abbe_jean__d_39_ongelukkige_napolitaan_of_zeldzaam_levensbedrijf_van_rozelli_.html alia, cum nota de morte Roselli] * 1725 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli, late of the Hague''. Londinii: F. Fayram, 1725; [https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflifeadv01oliv/ vol. 1, 4a ed., 1740] {{Google Books|CZdPKKHuf5oC|vol. 2, 4a ed., 1740}} * 2021 : Érik Leborgne, Emmanuelle Sempère, edd., ''L’Infortuné Napolitain ou les aventures du seigneur Rozelli. Édition critique''. Lutetiae: Classiques Garnier, 2021; [https://classiques-garnier.com/revue-d-histoire-litteraire-de-la-france-1-2023-123e-annee-n-1-varia-comptes-rendus.html?displaymode=full recensio operis]; [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/880289 alia] ; De narratione * René Démoris, ''Le Roman à la première personne''. Luteetiae: Armand Colin, 1975 * Antonio Viselli, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/32462 L’Illustre malheureuse et L’Infortuné Napolitain, deux cosmopolites dans une Europe en crise de conscience]" in Anne-Lise Blanc et al., edd., ''La profusion et l’unité: pour Françoise Haffner'' (Perpiniani: Presses universitaires de Perpignan, n.d.) pp. 233-248 == Nexus externi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Roselli, Lucius}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1719}} [[Categoria:Coffeariae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]] 6navd3nyt8x7kn2rtbxbr77bovc0xbx 3965119 3965118 2026-06-15T21:02:52Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Exsules]] 3965119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Lucius Roselli}}, vulgo ''Lucio Roselli'' vel ''Rozelli'' (mortuus mense Februario [[1719]]) fuit exsul [[Italia|Italicus]] qui [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Ultraiecti]] anno [[1698]] pervenit. Professor se proposuisse dicitur sed [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Haga Comitum|Hagensis]] fit civesque Batavus. Protagonista fuit narrationis partim ficticiae [[Francogallice]] scriptae, quibus mox altera pars adiecit abbas [[Ioannes Olivier]] mythistoricus. Narratio [[lingua Nederlandica|Batave]], [[Anglice]] divulgata est. Sunt qui [[Daniel Defoe|Danielem Defoe]] interpretem versionis Anglicae fuisse censent. Coffeariam Hagensem {{Creanda|fr|Robert Challe|Robertus Challe}} scriptor frequentavit. Portugallensis quidam qui Hagae habitabat hae se meminisse confessus est: :''Au milieu du dix-huitième siècle il y avait un café sur le Plein [de La Haye], tenu par un Litalien du nom de Rozelli, qui était très-fréquenté par le beau monde. Ce Rozelli était un farceur, un homme à aventures, très-amusant, dont on a même publié une histoire. On venait dans ce café autant pour l'y voir et l'entendre raconter ses anecdotes, que pour la société qu'on y rencontrait.''<ref>{{qc|id= Fonseca (1853)}} vol. 1 p. 228</ref> Praecepta culinaria ad librum [[Ricardus Bradley|Ricardi Bradley]], titulo ''The country housewife and lady's director'' (1727) dedit. Bradley eum [[Haga Comitum|Hagae Comitum]] cognovit atque de eo ad amicum [[Ioannes Sloane|Ioanne Sloane]] in epistula scripsit, verbis ''the famous Rozelli who is the author of that diverting piece entitled Les Adventures de Seign. Rozelli''.<ref>[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Sloane ms. 3322 f. 62. {{qc|id= Davidson (1980)}} pars iii p. 46, cf. pars ii pp. 55-56</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; De homine * {{ec|id= Davidson (1980)|c= "A list of recipe contributors" in Caroline Davidson, ed., ''Richard Bradley: The country housewife and lady's director ... from the 1736 edition'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1980) pars iii p. 46 }} * {{ec|id= Fonseca (1853)|c= Antonio Lopez de Fonseca, ''La Haye, par un habitant''. Hagae: Van Stockum, 1853 {{Google Books|C9pSAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|l_LgMorsnFoC|vol. 2)}} }} ; De coffeariis Batavis * J. van Lennep, J. ter Gouw, ''De uithangteekens, in verband met geschiedenis en volksleven beschouwd''. Amstelodami: Gebroeders Kraay, 1868; [https://www.roosterroots.nl/images/uithangtekens.pdf editio interretialis]; [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lenn006uith01_01/lenn006uith01_01_0019.php fragmentum utile] * D. G. J. Schotel, ''Het maatschappelijk leven onzer vaderen in de zeventiende eeuw'' (Haarlem: Kruseman, 1869) [https://archive.org/details/hetmaatschappel00schogoog/page/n9/mode/1up p. 62] ; Editiones narrationis * 1708-1709 : ''L' infortuné Napolitain ou les avantures du seigneur Rozelli''; ''La vie et avantures du seigneur Rozelli''. Lutetiae: Claude Rapin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11426154 3a ed., vol. 1], [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10780655 2a ed., vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] {{Google Books|nLxWAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}}. -- Lutetiae: Pierre Witte [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10066374 vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] * 1709 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli''. Londinii: John Morphew [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_linfortune-napolitain_olivier-abbe_1709 Textus] * 1716 : ''D'ongelukkige Napolitaan, of zeldzaam levensbedrijf van Rozelli''. Ultraiecti: Jakob van Poolsum, 1716 [https://www.abebooks.com/Dongelukkige-Napolitaan-zeldzaam-levensbedrijf-Rozelli-Behelzende/32349164780/bd descriptio bibliopolae]; [https://www.forumrarebooks.com/item/_olivier_abbe_jean__d_39_ongelukkige_napolitaan_of_zeldzaam_levensbedrijf_van_rozelli_.html alia, cum nota de morte Roselli] * 1725 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli, late of the Hague''. Londinii: F. Fayram, 1725; [https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflifeadv01oliv/ vol. 1, 4a ed., 1740] {{Google Books|CZdPKKHuf5oC|vol. 2, 4a ed., 1740}} * 2021 : Érik Leborgne, Emmanuelle Sempère, edd., ''L’Infortuné Napolitain ou les aventures du seigneur Rozelli. Édition critique''. Lutetiae: Classiques Garnier, 2021; [https://classiques-garnier.com/revue-d-histoire-litteraire-de-la-france-1-2023-123e-annee-n-1-varia-comptes-rendus.html?displaymode=full recensio operis]; [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/880289 alia] ; De narratione * René Démoris, ''Le Roman à la première personne''. Luteetiae: Armand Colin, 1975 * Antonio Viselli, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/32462 L’Illustre malheureuse et L’Infortuné Napolitain, deux cosmopolites dans une Europe en crise de conscience]" in Anne-Lise Blanc et al., edd., ''La profusion et l’unité: pour Françoise Haffner'' (Perpiniani: Presses universitaires de Perpignan, n.d.) pp. 233-248 == Nexus externi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Roselli, Lucius}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1719}} [[Categoria:Coffeariae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Exsules]] 3jpamk7l0nf7n760gqyihnun0vpphtn 3965120 3965119 2026-06-15T21:06:21Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Popinarii]] 3965120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Lucius Roselli}}, vulgo ''Lucio Roselli'' vel ''Rozelli'' (mortuus mense Februario [[1719]]) fuit exsul [[Italia|Italicus]] qui [[Traiectum ad Rhenum|Ultraiecti]] anno [[1698]] pervenit. Professor se proposuisse dicitur sed [[coffearia|coffearius]] [[Haga Comitum|Hagensis]] fit civesque Batavus. Protagonista fuit narrationis partim ficticiae [[Francogallice]] scriptae, quibus mox altera pars adiecit abbas [[Ioannes Olivier]] mythistoricus. Narratio [[lingua Nederlandica|Batave]], [[Anglice]] divulgata est. Sunt qui [[Daniel Defoe|Danielem Defoe]] interpretem versionis Anglicae fuisse censent. Coffeariam Hagensem {{Creanda|fr|Robert Challe|Robertus Challe}} scriptor frequentavit. Portugallensis quidam qui Hagae habitabat hae se meminisse confessus est: :''Au milieu du dix-huitième siècle il y avait un café sur le Plein [de La Haye], tenu par un Litalien du nom de Rozelli, qui était très-fréquenté par le beau monde. Ce Rozelli était un farceur, un homme à aventures, très-amusant, dont on a même publié une histoire. On venait dans ce café autant pour l'y voir et l'entendre raconter ses anecdotes, que pour la société qu'on y rencontrait.''<ref>{{qc|id= Fonseca (1853)}} vol. 1 p. 228</ref> Praecepta culinaria ad librum [[Ricardus Bradley|Ricardi Bradley]], titulo ''The country housewife and lady's director'' (1727) dedit. Bradley eum [[Haga Comitum|Hagae Comitum]] cognovit atque de eo ad amicum [[Ioannes Sloane|Ioanne Sloane]] in epistula scripsit, verbis ''the famous Rozelli who is the author of that diverting piece entitled Les Adventures de Seign. Rozelli''.<ref>[[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] Sloane ms. 3322 f. 62. {{qc|id= Davidson (1980)}} pars iii p. 46, cf. pars ii pp. 55-56</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; De homine * {{ec|id= Davidson (1980)|c= "A list of recipe contributors" in Caroline Davidson, ed., ''Richard Bradley: The country housewife and lady's director ... from the 1736 edition'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1980) pars iii p. 46 }} * {{ec|id= Fonseca (1853)|c= Antonio Lopez de Fonseca, ''La Haye, par un habitant''. Hagae: Van Stockum, 1853 {{Google Books|C9pSAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|l_LgMorsnFoC|vol. 2)}} }} ; De coffeariis Batavis * J. van Lennep, J. ter Gouw, ''De uithangteekens, in verband met geschiedenis en volksleven beschouwd''. Amstelodami: Gebroeders Kraay, 1868; [https://www.roosterroots.nl/images/uithangtekens.pdf editio interretialis]; [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/lenn006uith01_01/lenn006uith01_01_0019.php fragmentum utile] * D. G. J. Schotel, ''Het maatschappelijk leven onzer vaderen in de zeventiende eeuw'' (Haarlem: Kruseman, 1869) [https://archive.org/details/hetmaatschappel00schogoog/page/n9/mode/1up p. 62] ; Editiones narrationis * 1708-1709 : ''L' infortuné Napolitain ou les avantures du seigneur Rozelli''; ''La vie et avantures du seigneur Rozelli''. Lutetiae: Claude Rapin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11426154 3a ed., vol. 1], [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10780655 2a ed., vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] {{Google Books|nLxWAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}}. -- Lutetiae: Pierre Witte [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/view/bsb10066374 vol. 2 apud Bavarenses] * 1709 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli''. Londinii: John Morphew [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_linfortune-napolitain_olivier-abbe_1709 Textus] * 1716 : ''D'ongelukkige Napolitaan, of zeldzaam levensbedrijf van Rozelli''. Ultraiecti: Jakob van Poolsum, 1716 [https://www.abebooks.com/Dongelukkige-Napolitaan-zeldzaam-levensbedrijf-Rozelli-Behelzende/32349164780/bd descriptio bibliopolae]; [https://www.forumrarebooks.com/item/_olivier_abbe_jean__d_39_ongelukkige_napolitaan_of_zeldzaam_levensbedrijf_van_rozelli_.html alia, cum nota de morte Roselli] * 1725 : ''Memoirs of the life and adventures of Signor Rozelli, late of the Hague''. Londinii: F. Fayram, 1725; [https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflifeadv01oliv/ vol. 1, 4a ed., 1740] {{Google Books|CZdPKKHuf5oC|vol. 2, 4a ed., 1740}} * 2021 : Érik Leborgne, Emmanuelle Sempère, edd., ''L’Infortuné Napolitain ou les aventures du seigneur Rozelli. Édition critique''. Lutetiae: Classiques Garnier, 2021; [https://classiques-garnier.com/revue-d-histoire-litteraire-de-la-france-1-2023-123e-annee-n-1-varia-comptes-rendus.html?displaymode=full recensio operis]; [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/880289 alia] ; De narratione * René Démoris, ''Le Roman à la première personne''. Luteetiae: Armand Colin, 1975 * Antonio Viselli, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/32462 L’Illustre malheureuse et L’Infortuné Napolitain, deux cosmopolites dans une Europe en crise de conscience]" in Anne-Lise Blanc et al., edd., ''La profusion et l’unité: pour Françoise Haffner'' (Perpiniani: Presses universitaires de Perpignan, n.d.) pp. 233-248 == Nexus externi == {{DEFAULTSORT:Roselli, Lucius}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 17|1719}} [[Categoria:Coffeariae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Nederlandiae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Exsules]] [[Categoria:Popinarii]] qytf5p1juqa3tuaxs7xv1x2j6wnu8yg Sphex 0 325645 3965109 2026-06-15T20:40:27Z VGPaleontologist 161060 Paginam instituit, scribens '{{Taxobox | image = Great Golden Digger Wasp - Sphex ichneumoneus, Meadowood Farm SRMA, Mason Neck, Virginia.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Sphex ichneumoneus]]'' in [[Mason Neck]], [[Virginia|Virginiam]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitates Foederatas Americae]]. | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Hymenoptera]] | subordo = [[Apocrita]] | superfamilia = [[Apoidea]] | familia = [[Sphecidae]] | subfamilia = Sph...' 3965109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | image = Great Golden Digger Wasp - Sphex ichneumoneus, Meadowood Farm SRMA, Mason Neck, Virginia.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Sphex ichneumoneus]]'' in [[Mason Neck]], [[Virginia|Virginiam]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitates Foederatas Americae]]. | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Hymenoptera]] | subordo = [[Apocrita]] | superfamilia = [[Apoidea]] | familia = [[Sphecidae]] | subfamilia = [[Sphecinae]] | genus = '''''Sphex''''' | genus_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], 1758 | type_species = ''[[Sphex flavipennis]]'' | type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758 }} '''''Sphex''''' ({{Pns|gis|m|sphex}}) est [[Genus (taxinomia)|genus]] [[vespa|vesparum]] in [[Familia (taxinomia)|familiam]] [[Sphecidae|Sphecidarum]]. {{Insecta-stipula}} ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Sphex|''Sphegem''}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q311144}} [[Categoria:Sphex|!]]{{Titulus italicus}} [[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1758]] [[Categoria:Genera animalium]] 7b8mstwk1cjdi21lvlm3sjizg3z0rt3 Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis 0 325646 3965121 2026-06-15T21:12:17Z Ailamnos 165281 Pagina nova : abbatia s. Germani a Pratis, aedificium celeberrimum Parisiense 3965121 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés 140131 1.jpg|thumb|Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis ab austro-occidente visa. Conspicitur turris occidentalis, cuius pars inferior et media exeunte saeculo decimo vel ineunte undecimo aedificata est, superior vero duodecimo.]] '''Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis''',<ref>[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b9080819c/f23.item.zoom Regalis Abbatiae s. Germani a Pratis Scenographia.] In: ''Monasticon Gallicanum'' [Ms. Lat. 11820, BnF Gallica]</ref><ref>''[https://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/location/33b17924-ff8a-4139-8521-f1f889d3022d Monasterium Sancti Germani a Pratis]'', iuxta Early Modern Letters Online</ref> vel '''de Pratis''',<ref>''[https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd10093711X.html?language=en Aimonus, Sancti Germani de Pratis]'', iuxta Deutsche Biographie [in interreti]</ref> [[Francogallice]] ''Saint-Germain-des-Prés'', fuit monasterium [[Ordo Sancti Benedicti|Ordinis Sancti Benedicti]], medio saeculo sexto fundatum, anno 1792 suppressum, e qua nunc exstat ecclesia, quae inter antiquissimas urbis [[Lutetia Parisiorum|Lutetiae Parisiorum]] connumeratur. == Historia et descriptio == Prima ecclesia in pratis a Lutetia meridiem versus sitis anno circiter 558 a Childeberto rege fundata et a sancto Germano, episcopo Parisiensi consecrata est. Anno 756 ossa eiusdem sancti Germani in ecclesiam translata sunt, praesentibus [[Pippinus Brevis|Pippino Brevi]] et [[Carolus Magnus|Carolo Magno]]. Saeculo nono ecclesia a [[Normanni|Normannis]] partim destructa est, atque a Morardo, abbate inter 990 et 1014, renovata. Ex hac ecclesia usque ad hodiernum diem turris occidentalis subsistit. Chorum ecclesiae novum, aedificatum circa annum 1145 – inter prima aedificia [[Opus francigenum|opere gothico]] exstructa ergo connumerandum<ref>Plagnieux, Philippus (2000) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/bulmo_0007-473x_2000_num_158_1_2369 L'abbatiale de Saint-Germain-des-Prés et les débuts de l'architecture gothique.] ''Bulletin Monumental'', 158 (1): 6–88.</ref> – Alexander III papa anno 1163 consecravit<ref name=":0">Prache, Anna (1983) ''Ile-de-France romane [Nuit des Temps 60].'' 496 pp. Pierre-qui-Vire: Zodiaque.</ref>. Anno 1631 abbatia principalis Congregationis Sancti Mauri in hoc loco collocata est. Monachi huius congregationis eruditione claruerunt, ut puta [[Ioannes Mabillon]], qui fundamenta palaeographiae iecit, vel [[Petrus Sabatier]], primus [[Vetus Latina|Veteris Latinae]] versionis Bibliorum Sacrorum investigator. Concameratio annis 1644–1646 est exstructa<ref name=":0" />. Abbatia suppressa est anno 1792, ecclesia vero in officinam mutata. Anno 1803 ecclesia, ad priorem functionem restituta, sedes [[Paroecia|paroeciae]] est effecta<ref name=":0" />. Ab ecclesia via permagna Parisiensis, vulgo ''boulevard Saint-Germain'', atque duae stationes [[Ferrivia subterranea|ferriviae subterraneae]] [[Ferrivia metropolitana Parisiensis|metropolitanae]], ''Saint-Germain-des-Prés'' nempe atque ''Mabillon'', nomina acceperunt. ==Pinacotheca== <gallery> Fasciculus:Abbaye Saint Germain des Prés en 1687.jpg|Monasterium anno 1687 meridiem versus visum Fasciculus:P1240227 Paris VI eglise St-Germain vue SE rwk.jpg|Ecclesia ab austro-oriente visa Fasciculus:Paris (75), abbaye Saint-Germain-des-Près, nef, vue vers l'est 5.jpg|Navis ecclesiae orientem versus visa Fasciculus:Paris_(75),_abbaye_Saint-Germain-des-Prés,_déambulatoire_sud,_vue_vers_l'ouest_1.JPG|Navis lateralis (meridionalis) occidentem versus visa Fasciculus:Paris_(75),_abbaye_Saint-Germain-des-Près,_abside,_parties_hautes_côté_sud.jpg|Superior pars apsis orientalis </gallery> == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Lutetia]] k7g9sr1wq38vw908k4e02hd67w2llxc 3965126 3965121 2026-06-15T21:18:11Z Ailamnos 165281 Minima 3965126 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés 140131 1.jpg|thumb|Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis ab austro-occidente visa. Conspicitur turris occidentalis, cuius pars inferior et media exeunte saeculo decimo vel ineunte undecimo aedificata est, superior vero duodecimo.]] '''Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis''',<ref>[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b9080819c/f23.item.zoom Regalis Abbatiae s. Germani a Pratis Scenographia.] In: ''Monasticon Gallicanum'' [Ms. Lat. 11820, BnF Gallica]</ref><ref>''[https://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/location/33b17924-ff8a-4139-8521-f1f889d3022d Monasterium Sancti Germani a Pratis]'', iuxta Early Modern Letters Online</ref> vel '''de Pratis''',<ref>''[https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd10093711X.html?language=en Aimonus, Sancti Germani de Pratis]'', iuxta Deutsche Biographie [in interreti]</ref> [[Francogallice]] ''Saint-Germain-des-Prés'', fuit monasterium [[Ordo Sancti Benedicti|Ordinis Sancti Benedicti]], medio saeculo sexto fundatum, anno 1792 suppressum, e quo nunc exstat ecclesia, quae inter antiquissimas urbis [[Lutetia Parisiorum|Lutetiae Parisiorum]] connumeratur. == Historia et descriptio == Prima ecclesia in pratis a Lutetia meridiem versus sitis anno circiter 558 a Childeberto rege fundata et a sancto Germano, episcopo Parisiensi consecrata est. Anno 756 ossa eiusdem sancti Germani in ecclesiam translata sunt, praesentibus [[Pippinus Brevis|Pippino Brevi]] et [[Carolus Magnus|Carolo Magno]]. Saeculo nono ecclesia a [[Normanni|Normannis]] partim destructa est, atque a Morardo, abbate inter 990 et 1014, renovata. Ex hac ecclesia usque ad hodiernum diem turris occidentalis subsistit. Chorum ecclesiae novum, aedificatum circa annum 1145 – inter prima aedificia [[Opus francigenum|opere gothico]] exstructa ergo connumerandum<ref>Plagnieux, Philippus (2000) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/bulmo_0007-473x_2000_num_158_1_2369 L'abbatiale de Saint-Germain-des-Prés et les débuts de l'architecture gothique.] ''Bulletin Monumental'', 158 (1): 6–88.</ref> – Alexander III papa anno 1163 consecravit<ref name=":0">Prache, Anna (1983) ''Ile-de-France romane [Nuit des Temps 60].'' 496 pp. Pierre-qui-Vire: Zodiaque.</ref>. Anno 1631 abbatia principalis Congregationis Sancti Mauri in hoc loco collocata est. Monachi huius congregationis eruditione claruerunt, ut puta [[Ioannes Mabillon]], qui fundamenta palaeographiae iecit, vel [[Petrus Sabatier]], primus [[Vetus Latina|Veteris Latinae]] versionis Bibliorum Sacrorum investigator. Concameratio annis 1644–1646 est exstructa<ref name=":0" />. Abbatia suppressa est anno 1792, ecclesia vero in officinam mutata. Anno 1803 ecclesia, ad priorem functionem restituta, sedes [[Paroecia|paroeciae]] est effecta<ref name=":0" />. Ab ecclesia via permagna Parisiensis, vulgo ''boulevard Saint-Germain'', atque duae stationes [[Ferrivia subterranea|ferriviae subterraneae]] [[Ferrivia metropolitana Parisiensis|metropolitanae]], ''Saint-Germain-des-Prés'' nempe atque ''Mabillon'', nomina acceperunt. ==Pinacotheca== <gallery> Fasciculus:Abbaye Saint Germain des Prés en 1687.jpg|Monasterium anno 1687 meridiem versus visum Fasciculus:P1240227 Paris VI eglise St-Germain vue SE rwk.jpg|Ecclesia ab austro-oriente visa Fasciculus:Paris (75), abbaye Saint-Germain-des-Près, nef, vue vers l'est 5.jpg|Navis ecclesiae orientem versus visa Fasciculus:Paris_(75),_abbaye_Saint-Germain-des-Prés,_déambulatoire_sud,_vue_vers_l'ouest_1.JPG|Navis lateralis (meridionalis) occidentem versus visa Fasciculus:Paris_(75),_abbaye_Saint-Germain-des-Près,_abside,_parties_hautes_côté_sud.jpg|Superior pars apsis orientalis </gallery> == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Lutetia]] tcqcdkkphgpngzezwrx1gnlthdizwk9 3965180 3965126 2026-06-16T10:01:30Z Ailamnos 165281 Nexus 3965180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés 140131 1.jpg|thumb|Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis ab austro-occidente visa. Conspicitur turris occidentalis, cuius pars inferior et media exeunte saeculo decimo vel ineunte undecimo aedificata est, superior vero duodecimo.]] '''Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis''',<ref>[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b9080819c/f23.item.zoom Regalis Abbatiae s. Germani a Pratis Scenographia.] In: ''Monasticon Gallicanum'' [Ms. Lat. 11820, BnF Gallica]</ref><ref>''[https://emlo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/profile/location/33b17924-ff8a-4139-8521-f1f889d3022d Monasterium Sancti Germani a Pratis]'', iuxta Early Modern Letters Online</ref> vel '''de Pratis''',<ref>''[https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd10093711X.html?language=en Aimonus, Sancti Germani de Pratis]'', iuxta Deutsche Biographie [in interreti]</ref> [[Francogallice]] ''Saint-Germain-des-Prés'', fuit monasterium [[Ordo Sancti Benedicti|Ordinis Sancti Benedicti]], medio saeculo sexto fundatum, anno 1792 suppressum, e quo nunc exstat ecclesia, quae inter antiquissimas urbis [[Lutetia Parisiorum|Lutetiae Parisiorum]] connumeratur. == Historia et descriptio == Prima ecclesia in pratis a Lutetia meridiem versus sitis anno circiter 558 a Childeberto rege fundata et a sancto [[Germanus Parisiensis|Germano]], episcopo Parisiensi consecrata est. Anno 756 ossa eiusdem sancti Germani in ecclesiam translata sunt, praesentibus [[Pippinus Brevis|Pippino Brevi]] et [[Carolus Magnus|Carolo Magno]]. Saeculo nono ecclesia a [[Normanni|Normannis]] partim destructa est, atque a Morardo, abbate inter 990 et 1014, renovata. Ex hac ecclesia usque ad hodiernum diem turris occidentalis subsistit. Chorum ecclesiae novum, aedificatum circa annum 1145 – inter prima aedificia [[Opus francigenum|opere gothico]] exstructa ergo connumerandum<ref>Plagnieux, Philippus (2000) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/bulmo_0007-473x_2000_num_158_1_2369 L'abbatiale de Saint-Germain-des-Prés et les débuts de l'architecture gothique.] ''Bulletin Monumental'', 158 (1): 6–88.</ref> – Alexander III papa anno 1163 consecravit<ref name=":0">Prache, Anna (1983) ''Ile-de-France romane [Nuit des Temps 60].'' 496 pp. Pierre-qui-Vire: Zodiaque.</ref>. Anno 1631 abbatia principalis Congregationis Sancti Mauri in hoc loco collocata est. Monachi huius congregationis eruditione claruerunt, ut puta [[Ioannes Mabillon]], qui fundamenta palaeographiae iecit, vel [[Petrus Sabatier]], primus [[Vetus Latina|Veteris Latinae]] versionis Bibliorum Sacrorum investigator. Concameratio annis 1644–1646 est exstructa<ref name=":0" />. Abbatia suppressa est anno 1792, ecclesia vero in officinam mutata. Anno 1803 ecclesia, ad priorem functionem restituta, sedes [[Paroecia|paroeciae]] est effecta<ref name=":0" />. Ab ecclesia via permagna Parisiensis, vulgo ''boulevard Saint-Germain'', atque duae stationes [[Ferrivia subterranea|ferriviae subterraneae]] [[Ferrivia metropolitana Parisiensis|metropolitanae]], ''Saint-Germain-des-Prés'' nempe atque ''Mabillon'', nomina acceperunt. ==Pinacotheca== <gallery> Fasciculus:Abbaye Saint Germain des Prés en 1687.jpg|Monasterium anno 1687 meridiem versus visum Fasciculus:P1240227 Paris VI eglise St-Germain vue SE rwk.jpg|Ecclesia ab austro-oriente visa Fasciculus:Paris (75), abbaye Saint-Germain-des-Près, nef, vue vers l'est 5.jpg|Navis ecclesiae orientem versus visa Fasciculus:Paris_(75),_abbaye_Saint-Germain-des-Prés,_déambulatoire_sud,_vue_vers_l'ouest_1.JPG|Navis lateralis (meridionalis) occidentem versus visa Fasciculus:Paris_(75),_abbaye_Saint-Germain-des-Près,_abside,_parties_hautes_côté_sud.jpg|Superior pars apsis orientalis </gallery> == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Lutetia]] t7vlj1pqesaezw4vdlg15hq0xg1znei Disputatio:Reticulum Klumpenhouweranum 1 325647 3965127 2026-06-15T21:46:15Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Nexus "reticulum" nominatus */ nova pars 3965127 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nexus "reticulum" nominatus == Non videtur mihi quod "reticulum quod operationes T et/vel I utitur" idem est quod [[Reticulum (mathematica)]], quod operationes conjunctionis et disjunctionis (vel "occursionis" et "junctionis") utitur. Ergo videtur quod nexus debet referre alio loco, sed nescio quo loco. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 21:46, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) 78g9c1yjkk9iqlbe1ehxxofpgqacepw 3965128 3965127 2026-06-15T22:59:46Z Grufo 64423 /* Nexus "reticulum" nominatus */ 3965128 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nexus "reticulum" nominatus == Non videtur mihi quod "reticulum quod operationes T et/vel I utitur" idem est quod [[Reticulum (mathematica)]], quod operationes conjunctionis et disjunctionis (vel "occursionis" et "junctionis") utitur. Ergo videtur quod nexus debet referre alio loco, sed nescio quo loco. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 21:46, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. In [[:en:Klumpenhouwer network|pagina Anglica]] verbum “network” cum hoc conexum est: [[:en:Network#Mathematics|Network §&nbsp;Mathematics]]—attamen aliquis “[disambiguation needed]” nexui addidit. Mihi videtur auctor, quum hanc paginam creavit, paginam Anglicam (recte) imitavisse (“Network#Mathematics” → “Reticulum (mathematica)”). Ultro nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:59, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) rp78q4p5u8hc18r9vl683q8mziba7e8 3965138 3965128 2026-06-16T00:38:58Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Nexus "reticulum" nominatus */ Reply 3965138 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nexus "reticulum" nominatus == Non videtur mihi quod "reticulum quod operationes T et/vel I utitur" idem est quod [[Reticulum (mathematica)]], quod operationes conjunctionis et disjunctionis (vel "occursionis" et "junctionis") utitur. Ergo videtur quod nexus debet referre alio loco, sed nescio quo loco. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 21:46, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. In [[:en:Klumpenhouwer network|pagina Anglica]] verbum “network” cum hoc conexum est: [[:en:Network#Mathematics|Network §&nbsp;Mathematics]]—attamen aliquis “[disambiguation needed]” nexui addidit. Mihi videtur auctor, quum hanc paginam creavit, paginam Anglicam (recte) imitavisse (“Network#Mathematics” → “Reticulum (mathematica)”). Ultro nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:59, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias pro nuntiola. Videns ergo quod idem est "reticulum" quod intendit "reticulo" in mathematica, [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reticulum_Klumpenhouweranum&diff=prev&oldid=3965137| mutavi] nexum ut referat paginae discretivae. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:38, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) 2sj6vnnq16ocmgqso5xpgxxz6342nwd 3965139 3965138 2026-06-16T00:41:46Z Grufo 64423 /* Nexus "reticulum" nominatus */ 3965139 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nexus "reticulum" nominatus == Non videtur mihi quod "reticulum quod operationes T et/vel I utitur" idem est quod [[Reticulum (mathematica)]], quod operationes conjunctionis et disjunctionis (vel "occursionis" et "junctionis") utitur. Ergo videtur quod nexus debet referre alio loco, sed nescio quo loco. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 21:46, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. In [[:en:Klumpenhouwer network|pagina Anglica]] verbum “network” cum hoc conexum est: [[:en:Network#Mathematics|Network §&nbsp;Mathematics]]—attamen aliquis “[disambiguation needed]” nexui addidit. Mihi videtur auctor, quum hanc paginam creavit, paginam Anglicam (recte) imitavisse (“Network#Mathematics” → “Reticulum (mathematica)”). Ultro nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:59, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias pro nuntiola. Videns ergo quod idem est "reticulum" quod intendit "reticulo" in mathematica, [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reticulum_Klumpenhouweranum&diff=prev&oldid=3965137| mutavi] nexum ut referat paginae discretivae. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:38, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::: Gratias tibi ago, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Sed pagina “[[Reticulum]]” paulo vicificanda est. Vide alias paginas discretivas imitandas, e.g. “[[Iactus]]”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:41, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) nr7guvms5uyfra1wc9h1xu7u4vkqgzu 3965159 3965139 2026-06-16T03:08:45Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Nexus "reticulum" nominatus */ Reply 3965159 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nexus "reticulum" nominatus == Non videtur mihi quod "reticulum quod operationes T et/vel I utitur" idem est quod [[Reticulum (mathematica)]], quod operationes conjunctionis et disjunctionis (vel "occursionis" et "junctionis") utitur. Ergo videtur quod nexus debet referre alio loco, sed nescio quo loco. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 21:46, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. In [[:en:Klumpenhouwer network|pagina Anglica]] verbum “network” cum hoc conexum est: [[:en:Network#Mathematics|Network §&nbsp;Mathematics]]—attamen aliquis “[disambiguation needed]” nexui addidit. Mihi videtur auctor, quum hanc paginam creavit, paginam Anglicam (recte) imitavisse (“Network#Mathematics” → “Reticulum (mathematica)”). Ultro nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:59, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias pro nuntiola. Videns ergo quod idem est "reticulum" quod intendit "reticulo" in mathematica, [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reticulum_Klumpenhouweranum&diff=prev&oldid=3965137| mutavi] nexum ut referat paginae discretivae. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:38, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::: Gratias tibi ago, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Sed pagina “[[Reticulum]]” paulo vicificanda est. Vide alias paginas discretivas imitandas, e.g. “[[Iactus]]”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:41, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::Feci. Intendo serius recensere pro idiomaticitate (ut ita dicam). --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 03:08, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) 54md2oxzjbtbn65xmllna9b8hlpzri8 3965165 3965159 2026-06-16T03:33:17Z Grufo 64423 /* Nexus "reticulum" nominatus */ 3965165 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nexus "reticulum" nominatus == Non videtur mihi quod "reticulum quod operationes T et/vel I utitur" idem est quod [[Reticulum (mathematica)]], quod operationes conjunctionis et disjunctionis (vel "occursionis" et "junctionis") utitur. Ergo videtur quod nexus debet referre alio loco, sed nescio quo loco. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 21:46, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. In [[:en:Klumpenhouwer network|pagina Anglica]] verbum “network” cum hoc conexum est: [[:en:Network#Mathematics|Network §&nbsp;Mathematics]]—attamen aliquis “[disambiguation needed]” nexui addidit. Mihi videtur auctor, quum hanc paginam creavit, paginam Anglicam (recte) imitavisse (“Network#Mathematics” → “Reticulum (mathematica)”). Ultro nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:59, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias pro nuntiola. Videns ergo quod idem est "reticulum" quod intendit "reticulo" in mathematica, [https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reticulum_Klumpenhouweranum&diff=prev&oldid=3965137| mutavi] nexum ut referat paginae discretivae. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:38, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::: Gratias tibi ago, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Sed pagina “[[Reticulum]]” paulo vicificanda est. Vide alias paginas discretivas imitandas, e.g. “[[Iactus]]”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:41, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::Feci. Intendo serius recensere pro idiomaticitate (ut ita dicam). --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 03:08, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Gratias tibi ago. Formula {{Fn|Pagina discretiva}} iussum mediavicialem <code>{{nim|__DISAMBIG__}}</code> sponte inserit (tibi non necesse est eum manu scribere—vide [[Special:Diff/3965158/3965164|meam emendationem]]). 5gzlo6deyr05w3kt66vvckgvr3g9zlh Calceus ferratus 0 325648 3965147 2026-06-16T02:19:44Z Grufo 64423 Redirectionem creavi 3965147 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Patinus]] 9fkhhlg2sw4qxgaqm20bweqi2dnqnhw Pattinaticum 0 325649 3965148 2026-06-16T02:26:53Z Grufo 64423 Redirectionem creavi 3965148 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Patinaticum]] 1z8ei8y0q298us7d1j9nys46ph4e60h Usor:Carolus~enwiki 2 325650 3965151 2026-06-16T02:44:01Z Carolus~enwiki 78018 put something here so it's not blank 3965151 wikitext text/x-wiki Haec pagina uacua est, et hoc scribo ad istud fingendum. Ego lingua Latina gradu medio loquor. Melius scribo, scilicet. n6gh1y0gvcjrp5l21jvkrzfhm4igsm3 3965152 3965151 2026-06-16T02:46:31Z Carolus~enwiki 78018 userbox languages 3965152 wikitext text/x-wiki Haec pagina uacua est, et hoc scribo ad istud fingendum. Ego lingua Latina gradu medio loquor. Melius scribo, scilicet. {{Babel}} dq1b2g71l2b5b0k2gy8jqr48ql9i0ni 3965153 3965152 2026-06-16T02:47:41Z Carolus~enwiki 78018 Abrogans recensionem 3965152 ab usore [[User:Carolus~enwiki|Carolus~enwiki]] ([[User talk:Carolus~enwiki|Disputatio]] | [[Special:Contributions/Carolus~enwiki|conlationes]]) 3965153 wikitext text/x-wiki Haec pagina uacua est, et hoc scribo ad istud fingendum. Ego lingua Latina gradu medio loquor. Melius scribo, scilicet. n6gh1y0gvcjrp5l21jvkrzfhm4igsm3 Formula:Para 10 325651 3965171 2026-06-16T05:55:09Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Para]] ad [[Formula:Parametrum]]: Nomen plenum 3965171 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Formula:Parametrum]] kwp6ac989af0z86ge5rujwpn4dhpi0r Germanus Parisiensis 0 325652 3965179 2026-06-16T09:59:53Z Ailamnos 165281 Pagina nova : sanctus Germanus Parisiensis 3965179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{videdis|Sanctus Germanus}} [[Fasciculus:SGP Chapelle St Symphorien 02.JPG|thumb|Inscriptio in pavimento sacelli sancti Symphoriani abbatiae Sancti Germani a Pratis, locum probabilem primae sepulturae ossium Germani indicans]] Sanctus '''Germanus Parisiensis''', [[Augustodunum|Augustoduni]] circa annum 496 natus, [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 28 Maii 576 mortuus, fuit [[episcopus]] Parisiensis.<ref>MacErlean, A. (1909). [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06473a.htm St. Germain.] In: ''The Catholic Encyclopedia.'' Neo Eboraci: Robert Appleton Company.</ref> Primum munus [[Abbas|abbatis]] Sancti Symphoriani Augustodunensis exercuit, postea vero ad sedem episcopalem Parisiensem vocatus est.<ref name=":0">''Martyrologium Romanum, ex decreto sacrosancti OEcumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum, auctoritate Ioannis Pauli Pp. II promulgatum.'' Editio altera. 844 pp. Typis Vaticanis 2004.</ref> Anno circiter 558 ecclesiam a Lutetia meridiem versus sitam consecravit, quae postea, ossibus eius anno 756 huc translatis, etiam nomen eius, abbatia nempe [[Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis|Sancti Germani a Pratis]], accepit.<ref>Prache, Anna (1983) ''Ile-de-France romane [Nuit des Temps 60].'' 496 pp. Pierre-qui-Vire: Zodiaque.</ref> Festum eius die 28 Maii colitur.<ref name=":0" /> == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 5]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 6]] [[Categoria:Lutetia]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Parisienses]] lzfannw3vvlpu3m2xsi33yn177nxwi5