Monotheismus

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[[Fasciculus:Jerusalem_Dominus_flevit_BW_1.JPG|thumb|Fenestra et aspectus trium magnarum religionum monotheisticarum [[Hierosolyma|Hierosolymis]]]]
'''Monotheismus''' vel '''religio monetheistica''' (ex [[lingua Graeca|Graeco]] μονος 'unus' + θεος 'deus') est quaelibet nonnullarum [[religio]]num sive [[doctrina]]rum [[philosophia|philosophicarum]] unum [[deus|deum]] in [[theologia]] noscentium et agnoscentium.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Monotheism,&quot; in ''Encyclopaedia Britannica,'' ed 15a. (1986), 8:266.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ita discernuntur de doctrina religionum a [[polytheismus|polytheismo]], qui multos deos noscens eos veneratur. Religiones plures deos habentes, sed unum ex iis (deum maximum) venerantur, [[monolatria]] nominantur. Monotheismus [[Iudaismus|Iudaicus]] secundum opinionem exegeticam praesentem ex [[monolatria]] progressus est.

Notio monotheismi a notione dei in [[Religiones Abrahamicae|religionibus Abrahamicis]] regnari solet, sicut [[Iudaismus]], [[Christianitas]], [[Islam]], et [[Druz]],{{dubsig}} [[Neoplatonismus|Platonica]] dei notione ut docuit [[Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagitus]], et [[Advaita]], [[Dvaita]], et [[Vishishtadvaita]] philosophiis [[Hinduismus|Hinduismi]], quamquam eae philosophiae existentiam concedunt permultorum numinum divorum, non exclusis deis minus potentibus, sicut [[Deva (Hinduismus)|devis]].&lt;ref name = hop1&gt;{{cite book |title=''The Religions of India|author=Edward Washburn Hopkins|url=http://books.google.com/?id=Dj33XvXqJO8C |publisher= Ginn &amp; Co |pages=204 |year= 1896 |editor=Morris Jastrow |isbn=9781603031431}}.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Sikhismus]] autem est [[religio Indica]] monotheistica, ex contrariis scholis Hinduismi et aliarum religionum Indicarum.

== Religiones monotheisticae ==
Clarissimae religiones monotheisticae sunt
* [[Religiones Abrahameae]]
** [[Religio Christiana|Christianismus]]
** [[Religio Islamica]]
** [[Religio Iudaica]]
* [[Zoroastrianismus]]

== Aspectus ==
Adsunt diversae aspectus monotheismi:
* [[Theismus]] credit deum personalem venerandum; personalitas distinguit deum ab deitate sine nomine, quae per sola vi videtur.
* [[Deismus]] credit existentia cuiusdam dei, qui  mundo a [[creatio|creatione]] abstinet. Igitur absunt [[miracula]], et supplicationes sunt vanae.
* [[Pantheismus]] credit totum [[universum]] unum esse cum deo. Deus personalis non est.
* [[Panentheismus]] credit [[universum]] pars esse dei, sed non idem.
* [[Dualismus]] credit duos deos, qui ''bonus'' et ''malus'' fiunt.

== Nota religionis monotheisticae ==
In quibus sequuntur nota specialia de Iudaica, Christiana, Mohammedanica religionum monstrantur.

=== Imagines divae ===
Religiones monotheisticae agnoscent unum solum [[deus|deum]]. Personalis est et individualis, qui [[transcendentia|transcendens]] cogitatus est. Universa creavit et capax agendi in rebus orbe terrarum gestis est.
Scit omnia, potest omnia, adest ubique, [[natura]] habet, quam [[homo|homines]] positiva aestimant, tamen forma absoluta: [[iustitia]] infallibilis, [[caritas|caritatem]], et benignitatem amplectans.

Denominationes adscriptae sunt masculinae, exempli gratia ''dominus, pater.''

Interdicta sunt simulacra dei, cum adest periculum hominem res a manu propria facta adorare ([[idololatria]]). Nam consequitur, hominem naturam propriam ad simulacrum attribuere et tunc isto deo subigendus esse, ut naturam proiectam recuperet. Ergo se temperat [[libertas|libertatis]], nonque potest sine deitate vivere. Monotheismus distinguit de aliis, quia homo non adorat opus ipse factum, sed deum invisibilem.

Fideles [[oratio]]ne cum deo communicare possunt. Exsistunt ritus, textus praeparatae, sed etiam orationes individuales, quas fidelis dicit.

=== Anthropologia ===
[[Fasciculus:天-bronze-shang.svg|thumb|150px|天 (''tian''), [[littera]] [[scriptum aeneum|scripti aenei]] [[Domus Shang]], quae '[[caelum]]' significat.]]

==== Anima et corpus ====
Secundum monotheismi doctrinam, homo [[corpus (physica)|corpore physico]] et animo ([[anima]]) compositus est. Christiana religio animum animamque iterum discernit. Animo sunt ratio et sensus, et animus corpusque humanum [[Iesus|Iesu Christo]] accepto connexum. Animus vel anima corpore altius existimatur, quia est immortalis et post [[mors|mortem]] vivit. 

==== Mors et peccatum ====
Notio immortalis [[animus|animi]] humani ex [[Graecia]] venit, et sero in [[Iudaismus|Iudaicam religionem]] introducta est. Cum ex Graeco cogitatione de anima immortale etiam ea de [[infernus|inferno]] et [[caelum|caelo]] acceptum, quaestio ponebatur, quomodo unus et bonus deus in creatione peccatum ac infernum admitti poterat. Responsum generaliter datum loquitur de libertate voluntatis humanae.

Secundum monotheisticarum religionum doctrinam, omnis homo unicam [[vita]]m gerit. Notiones lineariae{{dubsig}} hic sunt principia, cum [[reincarnatio]]ne homo iterum et iterum nascitur.

=== Mundus ===
Notione monotheistica, [[mundus]] per dei creationem coepit; vide [[creatio ex nihilo]], in [[ultimum iudicium|ultimo iudicio]] finientem. Mundus a [[deus|deo]] creatus modo quodam habet partem divinae naturae.

=== Revelatio ===
Deus se ipse revelat per [[propheta]]s.

Adsunt [[sacra scriptura|sanctae scripturae]], quae valent dei verbum et ita habent locum magnum.
* Iudaica est [[Tanach]].
* Christiana addit [[Tanach]]o, qui [[Vetus Testamentum]] dicitur, [[Novum Testamentum]], quod simili modo est verbum dei. Amba testamenta [[Biblia Sacra]] formant.
* Islamica agnoscit traditiones Iudaicae-Christianae a deo revelatae. Perfectissima revelatio autem est [[Qur'an]] (Coranus)), in quo definite explicata dei doctrina est.

== Exempla ==
Religiones monotheisticae sunt religio Iudaica, religio Mohammedanica, religio Christiana, et recentioris generis Baha‘i.

[[Iudaeus|Iudaei]] et Mohammedani interdum quaerunt, si Christianismus sit religio monotheistica. Asseverant [[trinitas|trinitatem]] (Pater, Filius, Spiritus Sanctus) tritheismum esse, id est fides in tres deitates. In filio insuper Christiani adorarent Iesum deum et hominem, quia ambo sit, sine humano [[peccatum originale|peccato originali]].

Una ex multis rationibus putat [[monotheismus|monotheismum]] primo memorationem factum, cum [[pharao]] Aegyptiorum rex [[Echnaton]] ([[Amenophis IV]]) [[Aton]] unicum deum sanxerit. Manet autem obscurum, si ille [[Echnaton]] existentiam aliorum deorum negavit vel [[Aton]]i venerationem tantum particularem dare voluit.

Generaliter assumitur iudaicam religionem doctrinam monotheisticam solum saeculo V a.C.n. evolvisse, graeca opinione commota, cum deum [[Iehovah|JHWH]] deum gentis propriae (iuxta deis alterum gentium) comprehenserit. Haec autem obloquitur conscientiae hodiernarum religionum Iudaicae, Christiane, Mohammedanae, secundum quas iam [[Abraham]] [[patriarcha]]m auctorem generis Iudaici circa annum [[1800 a.C.n.]] monotheistam fuisse dicitur.

== Fines ==
Non est facillimum discrimen monotheismi et [[polytheismus|polytheismi]]. Fautores religionum polytheisticarum saepe sunt ''de facto'' monotheisti, quia adorant unum deum ex caelo deorum. Hic casus [[henotheismus]] appellatur. 

Thesis de [[monotheismus originalis|monotheismo originali]] deficit de demonstratione. Non sunt omnes religiones continentes fidem in naturam altissimam; multis in religionibus Africae non solum carens cultus, sed etiam collatio testimoniorum historicorum monstrant, missionarios dei altissimi cultum condidisse.

== Dictiones similes ==
* Religio Abrahamitica: istae religiones monotheisticae qui Abraham auctor generis esse agnoscunt (Iudaica, Christiana, Mohammedana)
* Religio revelationis: haec dictio refert ad doctrinam monotheisticarum religionum per saecula ab angelis dei revelatam.
* Religio libri: in religione Iudaica, Christiana, Mohammedana exsistunt [[sacra scriptura|scripturae sanctae]], quae valent dei verbum esse. 

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|4}}
*[[Absolutum (philosophia)]]
*[[Arya Samaj]]
*[[Atheismus]]
*[[Bitheismus]]
*[[Demiurgus]]
*[[Deus otiosus]]
*[[Diabolus]]
*[[Henotheismus]]
*[[Index theologorum]]
*[[Pantheismus]]
*[[Peccatum]] 
*[[Philosophia]]
*[[Polytheismus]]
*[[Psychologia religionis]]
*[[Religio]]
*[[Religiones Abrahamicae]]
*[[Shavaismus]]&lt;!--Kashmir--&gt;
*[[Spiritismus]]
*[[Theismus]]
*[[Theologia]]
*[[Unitheismus]]
{{div col end}}

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Assmann, Jan. [[2003]]. ''Die mosaische Unterscheidung oder: Der Preis des Monotheismus.'' Monachi: Carl Hanser Verlag. ISBN 3-446-20367-2.
* Albertz, Rainer. [[1996]], [[1997]]. ''Religionsgeschichte Israels in alttestamentlicher Zeit.'' Gottingae: Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht.
** [[1996]]. ''Von den Anfängen bis zum Ende der Königszeit.'' ISBN 3-525-51671-1. 
** [[1997]]. ''Vom Exil bis zu den Makkabäern.'' ISBN 3-525-51675-4.
* Athanassiadi, Polymnia, et Michael Frede. [[1999]]. ''Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity.'' Oxoniae: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-815252-3.
* Brugger, Walter, ed. [[1998]]. ''Philosophisches Wörterbuch.'' 23a ed. Freiburg/B.: Herder. ISBN 3-451-20410-X. 
* Dever, William G.. [[2003]]. ''Who Were the Early Israelites?'' Grand Rapids Michiganiae: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
* Keel, Othmar, et Christoph Uehlinger. [[2001]]. ''Göttinnen, Götter und Gottessymbole: Neue Erkenntnisse zur Religionsgeschichte Kanaans und Israels aufgrund bislang unerschlossener ikonographischer Quellen.'' Ed 5a. Freiburg/B.: Herder. ISBN 3-451-02134-X. Quaestiones disputatae, 134.
* Köchler, Hans. [[1982]]. ''The Concept of Monotheism in Islam and Christianity.'' [[Vindobona]]e: Braumüller. ISBN 3-7003-0339-4.
* Leibowitz, Ilya. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110727173535/http://acheret.co.il/en/?cmd=articles.326&amp;act=read&amp;id=2052 &quot;Monotheism in Judaism as a Harbinger of Science&quot;], in diurno.
* Loretz, Oswald. [[1997]]. ''Des Gottes Einzigkeit: Ein altorientalisches Argumentationsmodell zum &quot;Schma Jisrael.&quot;'' Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN 3-534-13276-9.
* Redford, Donald B. [[1987]]. ''Akhenaten: The Heretic King.'' Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00217-7.
* Silberman, Neil A., et al. [[2001]]. ''The Bible Unearthed.'' [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]: Simon and Schuster.
* Simonis, Walter. [[2004]]. ''Über Gott und die Welt: Gottes- und Schöpfungslehre.'' Düsseldorf: Patmos-Verlag. ISBN 3-491-70375-1. 
* [[fridericus Stolz|Stolz, Fritz]]. [[1996]]. ''Einführung in den biblischen Monotheismus.'' Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft. ISBN 3-534-18967-1. 
* Whitelam, Keith. [[1997]]. ''The Invention of Ancient Israel.'' [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]: Routledge.

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[[Categoria:Philosophia religionis]]
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== Nati ==
{{Nati desiderati}}

== Mortui ==
* [[8 Ianuarii]]: [[Ludovicus E. Brus]], chimicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1943]].
* [[10 Ianuarii]]: [[Ericus de Däniken]], scriptor [[Helvetia|Helvetiae]]; natus est anno [[1935]].
* [[13 Ianuarii]]: [[Georgius Basiliu]], politicus [[Cyprus|Cypri]]; natus est anno [[1931]].
* [[16 Ianuarii]]: [[Ludovica Diogo]], politica [[Mozambicum|Mozambici]]; nata est anno [[1958]].
* [[24 Ianuarii]]
** [[David Abulafia]], historicus [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]]; natus est anno [[1949]].
** [[Gulielmus Foege]], [[medicus]] et [[epidemiologia|epidemiologus]] [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1936]].
* [[25 Ianuarii]]: [[Yi Haechan]], politicus [[Res publica Coreana|Rei publicae Coreanae]]; natus est anno [[1952]].
* [[26 Ianuarii]]: [[Sia Figiel]], poeta, scriptrix, et pictrix [[Samoa]]na; nata est anno [[1967]].
* [[1 Februarii]]: [[Rita Süssmuth]], politica [[Germania|Germanica]]; nata est anno [[1937]].
* [[11 Februarii]]: [[Iacobus van der Beek]], actor [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1977]].
* [[15 Februarii]]: [[Robertus Duvall]], actor et moderator cinematographicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1931]].
* [[19 Februarii]]: [[Polycarpus Pengo]], archiepiscopus [[Tanzania|Tanzanicus]]; natus est anno [[1944]].
* [[28 Februarii]]: [[Ali Khamenei]], magnus dux [[Irania]]e, ab [[Israel]]e occiditur; natus est anno [[1939]].
* [[1 Martii]]: [[David Oddi filius]], politicus [[Islandia|Islandicus]]; natus est anno [[1948]].
* [[5 Martii]]: [[Antonius Lobo Antunes]], scriptor et psychologus [[Portugallia|Lusitanus]]; natus est anno [[1942]].
* [[8 Martii]]: [[Antonius Iacobus Leggett]], physicus [[Regnum Britanniarum|Britannicus]]; natus est anno [[1936]].
* [[12 Martii]]: [[Ioachimus Wanke]], episcopus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1941]].
* [[14 Martii]]: 
**[[Georgius Habermas]], philosophus continentalis et sociologus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1929]].
**[[Christophorus A. Sims]], oeconomiae peritus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1942]].
* [[17 Martii]]: [[Ilia II]], patriarcha Ecclesiae Orthodoxae Georgianae [[Russia|Russicus]]; natus est anno [[1933]]. 
* [[19 Martii]]:
** [[Humbertus Bossi]], politicus [[Italia|Italianus]]; natus est anno [[1941]].
** [[Carolus Norris]], artifex martialis [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1940]].
* [[22 Martii]]: [[Leonillus Jospin]], politicus [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1937]].
* [[6 Aprilis]]: [[Christianus Schwarz-Schilling]], politicus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1930]].
* [[7 Aprilis]]: [[Iacobus Whittaker]], alpinista [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1929]].
* [[8 Aprilis]]: [[Carolus Delhez]], presbyter et sociologicus [[Belgica|Belgicus]]; natus est anno [[1951]].
* [[9 Aprilis]]: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Björgvin Halldórsson||en|qid=Q879495}}, musicus [[Islandia|Islandicus]]; natus est anno [[1951]].
* [[19 Aprilis]]: [[Desmond Morris|Desmondus Morris]], zoologus ethologusque Anglicus; natus est anno [[1928]].
* [[24 Aprilis]]: [[Sophia Zdybicka]], philosopha et monacha [[Polonia|Polonica]]; nata est anno [[1928]].
* [[6 Maii]]: [[Theodorus Turner]], vir negotii et philanthropus Americanus; natus est anno [[1938]].
* [[25 Maii]]: [[Sonny Rollins]], saxophonista iazensis Americanus; natus est anno [[1930]].
* [[29 Maii]]: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bryan Bergougnoux||en|qid=Q936402}}, lusor harpastum Gallicus; nata est anno [[1983]].
* [[6 Iunii]]: [[Osorius Citora Afonso]], episcopus necatus [[Mozambicum|Mozambicus]]; natus est anno [[1972]].
* [[14 Iunii]]: [[Oliverius Tree]], cantor histrioque [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1993]].
* [[16 Iunii]]: [[Camillus Ruini]], cardinalis [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus est anno [[1931]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:Manhattan_1931.jpg|thumb|Despectus in Manhatam ex [[aer]]e anno [[1942]].]]

{{res|Manhata}}&lt;ref&gt;Vide “[https://archive.org/details/ned-kbn-all-00002578-001/page/34/mode/2up?view=theater manhata]” apud {{Lexfons}}.&lt;/ref&gt; est [[burgum (Urbs Novum Eboracum)|burgum]] vetustissimum densissimeque habitatum ex quinque burgis [[Urbs Novum Eboracum|Urbis Novi Eboraci]], praecipue in {{res|Insula Manhata}} situm, ad [[os (oris)|ore]] [[Hudsonicum|Fluminis Hudsonianum]]. Fines burgi sunt eidem finibus Comitatus Novi Eboraci, primi [[comitatus (CFA)|comitatus]] [[civitas|civitatis]] [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] constituti. Consistunt burgum comitatusque in Insula Manhata et nonnullis parvis [[insula|insulis]] adiacentibus: [[Insula Roosevelt]], [[Insula Randall]], [[Insula Ward]], [[Insula Gubernatorum]], [[Insula Libertatis]], parte [[Insula Ellisiana|Insulae Ellisianae]],&lt;ref name=NJvNY&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20050109083017/http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=US&amp;navby=case&amp;vol=000&amp;invol=120ORIG ''New Jersey v. New York''], 523 U.S. 767 (1998).&lt;/ref&gt; {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Saxo Molarum||en|qid=Q1339592}}, et [[Insula U Thant]]; etiam in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Colle Marmoreo||en|qid=Q398220}}, parva parte continentis ad [[Bronx]] adiacenti. Prima [[urbs]] Novum Eboracum in [[meridies|meridiano]] Manhatae fine coepit, se ad [[septentrio]]nes auxit, et tum inter [[1874]] et [[1898]], terram ex comitatibus cingentibus adquisivit.
[[Fasciculus:Elbarrio116thLex.jpg|thumb|East Harlem: via centesima decima sexta.]]

Anno [[2000]], Manhatae fuerunt 1 537 195 [[incola]]e, sed terra comitatus minima est in civitate [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]].

==Vici selecti==
[[Fasciculus:Little Italy.JPG|thumb|Regio Parva Italia appellata.]]
* &quot;Argentariorum vicus&quot; ('Financial District') est vicus in inferiori insulae parte ubi stant maximae argentariae et clarissima bursa.
* [[Greenwich Village]]
* [[Harlem]]um
* &quot;Harlem orientale&quot; seu ''East Harlem'', in parte superiori ad orientem versus [[insula]]e, etiam ''Spanish Harlem''' (&quot;Harlem Hispanica&quot;) et ''El Barrio'' (&quot;vicus&quot;) nuncupatur quia ibi maxima incolarum pars ex [[America Latina]] oritur
* [[Insula Roosevelt]]iana
* [[Liberty Island|Insula Libertatis]]
* ''NoHo'', scilicet &quot;a via Houston septentrioni versus&quot;
* &quot;Parva Italia&quot; seu ''Little Italy,'' ubi multi migrantes ex Italia olim habitabant. Manent popinae Italicae.
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|SoHo||en|qid=Q461572}}, scilicet &quot;a via Houston meridiei versus&quot;
* [[Times Square|Quadratum Temporum]], [[forum]] mercatorium media Manhata sed compitum viarum ''Broadway'' et ''Seventh Avenue'', a [[Via 42 (Manhata)|''42nd Street'']] ad ''47th Street'' patens
* [[TriBeCa]] ('[[triangulum]] infra viam [[canalis]]'), ubi plerumque mense Aprili ''Tribeca Film Festival'', festum cinematographicum, quotannis celebratur
* [[Upper West Side|Latus Occidentale Superius]]

== Incolae notabiles ==
* [[Alvin Ailey]] (1931–1989), [[Choreographia|Choreographus]] et [[saltatio|saltator]], hic mortuus

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Asser Levy]]

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Manhattan, New York City|Manhatam}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
*[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFFacts?_event=Search&amp;geo_id=05000US36063&amp;_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US36%7C05000US36063&amp;_street=&amp;_county=New+York+County&amp;_cityTown=New+York+County&amp;_state=04000US36&amp;_zip=&amp;_lang=en&amp;_sse=on&amp;ActiveGeoDiv=geoSelect&amp;_useEV=&amp;pctxt=fph&amp;pgsl=050&amp;_submenuId=factsheet_1&amp;ds_name=DEC_2000_SAFF&amp;_ci_nbr=null&amp;qr_name=null&amp;reg=null%3Anull&amp;_keyword=&amp;_industry= De hoc comitatu in censu anno 2000]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{Comitatus Novi Eboraci}}

[[Categoria:Comitatus Novi Eboraci]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1624]]
[[Categoria:Manhata|!]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>17 Iunii</title>
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      <text bytes="7839" sha1="0ues45yg6bg4lykh7u5xbeq4homva0l" xml:space="preserve">'''17 Iunii''' est [[dies]] 168ª [[annus|anni]] (169ª [[Annus bisextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 197 dies manent.

Haec dies secundum [[Calendarium Romanum]] est '''ante diem decimum quintum Kalendas Quintiles''' seu '''ante diem decimum quintum Kalendas Iulias''', quod a.d. XV Kal. Quint. (seu Iul.) abbreviatur.

{{Calendarium-Iunii}}
[[Fasciculus:IVLIANVS.gif|thumb|left|upright=0.29|[[Iulianus Apostata]]]]
== Eventa ==
=== Saeculo 4 ===
* [[362]] - Edictum [[Iulianus Apostata|Iuliani]] imperatoris contra magistros Christianos (Cod. Theod. XIII 3,5)

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1911]] - [[Universitas Islandiae]] [[Reykiavica]]e conditur.
* [[1940]] 
** [[Estonia]], [[Lettonia]] et [[Lituania]] res publicae [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Socialisticarum Sovieticarum|Unionis Sovieticae]] fiunt.
** [[Philippus Pétain]] praeses ministrorum [[Francia]]e armistitium a [[Germania|Germanicis]] petit.
* [[1944]] - [[Islandia]] res publica libera facta fuit.
* [[1953]] - [[Seditio 17 Iunii 1953|Seditio opificum]] in [[Res publica Democratica Germanica|Re publica Democratica Germanica]] fit.
* [[1994]] - [[Pactio]] [[Nationes Unitae|Nationum Unitarum]] contra [[eremopoiesis|eremopoiesem]] et [[ariditas|ariditatem]] decernitur.

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2012]]
** Electione [[Parlamentum Graecum|parlamenti]] [[Graecia]]e habita factio conservativa [[Democratia nova (factio)|Nea Democratia]] plurimos legatos habet. Secunda est [[SYRIZA]], factio extremae sinistrae.
** In Francia [[factio socialistica (Francia)|factio Socialistica]] praesidis [[Franciscus Hollande|Francisci Hollande]] suffragio de conventu nationali habito vincit.
* [[2017]] - Ignes silvae in [[Portugallia|Lusitania]] media fiunt: plus quam sexaginta homines necantur.

== Nati ==
=== Saeculo 13 ===
* [[1239]] - [[Eduardus I (rex Angliae)|Eduardus I]], rex [[Anglia]]e (mortuus [[1307]])

=== Saeculo 17 ===
* [[1682]] - [[Carolus XII (rex Sueciae)|Carolus XII]], rex [[Suecia]]e (mortuus [[1718]])

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1818]] - [[Carolus Gounod]], compositor Francicus (mortuus [[1893]])
* [[1835]] - [[Eugenius Borel]], rerum politicorum peritus [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] (mortuus [[1892]])
* [[1856]] - [[Franciscus Roubaud]], pictor [[Russia|Russicus]] (mortuus [[1928]])
* [[1858]] - [[Abenezer Sumner Draper]], gubernator [[Massachusetta]]e (mortuus anno [[1914]])
* [[1864]] - [[Alexius Šachmatov]], philologus Russicus (mortuus [[1920]])
* [[1867]] - [[Ioannes Robertus Gregg]], educator, humanitarianus et inventor [[Hibernia|Hiberno]]-[[CFA|Americanus]] (†&amp;nbsp;[[1948]])
* [[1880]] - [[Carolus Van Vechten]], photographus Americanus (mortuus [[1964]])
* [[1882]]
** [[Inguarus Stravinskij|Inguarus Strawiński]], compositor Russicus (mortuus [[1971]])
** [[Augustus Sapandowski]], [[dealbator]] Germanicus atque sodalis [[KPD|factionis Communisticae]], qui inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] [[Iudaei]]s et aliis a [[NSDAP|nazistis]] vexatis auxilium dedit (†&amp;nbsp;[[1945]])
* [[1888]] - [[Henricus Guliemus Guderian]], dux militum Germanicus (†&amp;nbsp;[[1954]])
* [[1898]] - [[Mauritius Cornelius Escher]], artista [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]] (†&amp;nbsp;[[1972]])
* [[1900]] - [[Martinus Bormann]], rerum politicorum peritus Nazistarum (†&amp;nbsp;1945)

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1903]] - [[Michael Svetlov]], poeta Sovieticus (mortuus 1964)
* [[1911]] - [[Victor Nekrasov]], scriptor [[URSS|Sovieticus]] (mortuus [[1987]]).
* [[1914]] - [[Ioannes Hersey]], scriptor Americanus (mortuus [[1993]])
* [[1920]] - [[Franciscus Jacob]], biologus Francicus (mortuus [[2013]])
* [[1923]]
** [[Antonius Iosephus Bevilacqua]], [[cardinalis]] et [[Philadelphia]]e [[archiepiscopus]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|catholicus]]([[archidioecesis Philadelphiensis]]) (†&amp;nbsp;2012)
** [[Henricus Angelelli]], episcopus [[Argentina|Argentinus]], qui pro pauperis operariisque militavit([[Archidioecesis Philadelphiensis]]) (†&amp;nbsp;2012)
* [[1928]] 
** [[Ioannes Maria Bordaberry]], vir publicus [[Uraquaria]]nus; mortuus est anno [[2011]].
** [[Petrus Seiichi Shirayanagi]], cardinalis [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]]; mortuus est anno [[2009]].
* [[1933]] - [[Haroldus Guido Hunt]], gubernator [[Alabama]]e; mortuus est anno [[2009]].
* [[1940]] - [[Georgius Arthurus Akerlof]], oeconomus [[CFA|Americanus]].
* [[1942]] - [[Mahometus al-Barada'i|Mahometus ElBaradei]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Aegyptus|Aegypticus]].
* [[1945]]
** [[Kenethus Livingstone]], rerum politicorum peritus [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]].
** [[Eduardus Merckx]], birotarius [[Belgia|Belgicus]].
* [[1952]] - [[Sergius Marchionne]], magister officinarum et societatum mercatoriarum dux [[Italia|Italo]]-[[Canada|Canadensis]]; mortuus est anno [[2018]].
* [[1957]] - [[Philippus Chevron]], musicus [[Hibernia|Hibernicus]]; mortuus est anno [[2013]].
* [[1958]] - [[Robertus Farrelly]], moderator cinematographicus et scriptor [[CFA|Americanus]].
* [[1959]]
**[[Kandia Camara]], athleta [[Litus Eburneum|Litoris Eburnei]]. 
**[[Theodoricus Brac de la Perrière]], [[episcopus]] [[Francia|Francicus]] ''[[Dioecesis Nivernensis]]''.
* [[1963]] - [[Gregorius Kinnear]], histrio [[CFA|Americanus]].
* [[1975]] - [[Shoji Jo]], pedilusor [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]].
* [[1980]] - [[Venus Williams]], teniludix [[CFA|Americana]].
* [[1987]] 
**[[Ľuboš Kamenár]], pedilusor [[Slovenia|Slovenicus]].
**[[Kendrick Lamar]], rapianus Americanus.
* [[1990]] - [[Alanus Dzagoev]], [[pedilusor]] [[Russia|Russicus]].

== Mortui ==
=== Saeculo 7 ===
* [[676]] - [[Adeodatus II]], papa (ab anno [[672]]); natus est ignoto anno.

=== Saeculo 18 ===
* [[1719]] - [[Iosephus Addison]], poeta, vir publicus et diurnarius [[Anglia|Anglicus]]; natus est anno [[1672]].
* [[1741]] - [[Alvise Pisani]], vir publicus [[Respublica Veneta|Reipublicae Venetae]]; natus est anno [[1664]].

=== Saeculo 19 ===
* [[1842]] - [[Arturus Conolly]], legatus et miles [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicus]]; natus est anno [[1807]].
* [[1858]] - [[Laksmibai (regina Jhansiensis)|Laksmibai]], politica [[India|Indica]]; nata est anno [[1828]].

=== Saeculo 20 ===
* [[1936]] - [[Henricus Le Chatelier]], chemicus et physicus [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1850]].
* [[1940]] - [[Arthurus Harden]], chemicus [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]]; natus est anno [[1865]].
* [[1956]] - [[Arthurus Văitoianu]], miles et vir publicus [[Romania|Dacoromanicus]]; natus est anno [[1864]].
* [[1994]] - [[Georgius Nagibin]], scriptor [[URSS|Sovieticus]] (natus [[1920]]).
* [[1999]] - [[Basilius Hume]], cardinalis [[Anglia|Anglicus]]; natus est anno [[1923]].

=== Saeculo 21 ===
* [[2002]] - [[Fridericus Walter]], pedilusor [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus anno [[1920]].
* [[2007]] - [[Angelus Felici]], cardinalis [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus anno [[1919]].
* [[2009]] - [[Radulphus Dahrendorf]], [[philosophus]] [[sociologia]]e politicorumque peritus [[Germania|Germano]]-[[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]], natus anno [[1929]].
* [[2015]]
** [[Suleimanus Demirel]], praeses [[Turcia]]e; natus est anno [[1924]].
** [[Jeralean Talley]], veterrimus homo vivens; nata est anno [[1899]].
* [[2017]] - [[Balduinus Lonsdale]], praeses [[Vanuatu]]s; natus est anno [[1950]].
* [[2019]] - [[Mahometus Mursi]], praeses [[Aegyptus|Aegypti]]; natus est anno [[1951]].
* [[2021]] - [[Kennethus Kaunda]], praeses [[Zambia]]e; natus est anno [[1924]].
* [[2022]] - [[Simo Knuuttila]], philosophus et theologus [[Finnia|Finnicus]]; natus est anno [[1946]].
* [[2025]]
**[[Alfredus Brendel]], [[clavilista]] [[Austria]]cus; natus est anno [[1931]].
**[[Patricia A. Broderick]], iudex Americana; nata est anno [[1949]].

== Festa et feriae ==
* Dies Nationalis [[Islandia]]e
* [[Dies mundialis ad eremopoesin et siccitatem pugnandas]] ([[Consociatio Nationum]], ex anno 1995)

{{menses}}

[[Categoria:Dies]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Minscum</title>
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{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Minscum,'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0834a.html ''Lexicon Universale'' Hofmanni: ''Lithuania.'']&lt;/ref&gt; seu '''Minsca,'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20251006070823/https://mmh.cz/lingua/lamj_la ''Lexicum nominum geographicorum latinorum.'']&lt;/ref&gt; vulgo '''Minsk''' ([[Lingua Ruthenica Alba|Albaruthenice]]: ''Мінск'' aut ''Менск'' ; [[Russice]]: ''Минск''), est caput et maxima [[Ruthenia Alba|Rutheniae Albae]] [[urbs]], metropolis [[regio Minscensis|regionis Minscensis]]. Situm est prope medium geographicum rei publicae illius; 1.904.300 incolarum anno [[2012]] habuit. 

[[Fasciculus:Minsk Catholic Mary church.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Cathedralis Sanctae [[Virgo Maria|Virginis Mariae]]]]
Minscum est valens transportationis medium (stationem [[ferrivia]]rum et duos [[aeroportus]] habens), [[industria]]e (ut plurimum constructionis machinarum), [[oeconomia]]e, [[Scientia (ratio)|scientiae]] (in urbe sita est [[Academia Scientiarum Rutheniae Albae]], nonnullae [[universitas|universitates]] multaque alia instituta educationis) et [[cultura]]e (quaedam theatra, plus viginti [[museum|musea]], etc., Minsci sunt). 

== Historia urbis ==
Annus primae mentionis huius urbis, quae olim ''Miensk'' seu ''Mienesk'' vocabatur, est [[1067]]. 

Initio saeculi [[Saeculum 14|quarti decimi]], Minscum iniunctum est a [[Magnus Ducatus Lituaniae|Magno Ducatu Lituaniae]]. Anno [[1793]], factum est pars [[Imperium Russicum|Imperii Russici]], ubi metropolis [[Gubernium Minscense|gubernii]] fuit.

Ab anno [[1919]], Minscum est caput Rutheniae Albae (quae annis [[1922]]–[[1991]] fuit in [[Unio Sovietica|Unione Sovietica]]).

Annis [[1941]]–[[1944]], tempore [[Bellum Magnum Patrium|Belli Magni Patrii]], urbs a copiis [[Germania]]e occupabatur. Belli causa maxime destructum fuit, dein restauratus est. Anno [[1974]], Minscum titulum &quot;Urbis-Herois&quot; recepit.

Die [[30 Iunii]] [[1984]] Minsci [[ferrivia subterranea]] inaugurata est.

== Coniunctiones communium ==
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Romania.svg|20px|Romania]] [[Corona (Romania)|Corona]], [[Romania]]

== Notae ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[3012 Minsk]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/m/books/m_3777.html ''Minscum'' (pagina e ''Lexico Universali'' I. Hofmanni)]
{{CommuniaCat|Minsk}}

{{Urbes Europae maximae}}
{{Urbes Europae capitales}}

{{Myrias|Geographia}}

[[Categoria:Capita]]
[[Categoria:Minscum|!]]
[[Categoria:Urbes milies milium incolarum]]
[[Categoria:Urbes regionis Minscensis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Insulae Bahamenses</title>
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      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
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      <text bytes="26685" sha1="teclgubwiqq259at86qcitw1sqa3hbf" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa civitatis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Insulae Bahamenses}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Egger DL|21}}&lt;/ref&gt; vel {{res|plene=Insulae Bahamanae|Bahamanae}},&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Bahamanas seu Lucaycas&quot; [scil. insulas] {{Google Books|iXZYAAAAcAAJ|p. 178}}.&lt;/ref&gt; sive rite {{res|Respublica Bahamensium}} ([[Anglice]] ''Commonwealth of the Bahamas''), est [[civitas sui iuris]] ex viginti novem [[insula|insulis]] constans, 661 [[cayum|cayis]] et 2387 insululis sive scopulis. Sita est [[Mare Caribaeum|Mari Caribaeo]] in [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]], [[Cuba]]e [[Hispaniola]]eque ([[Respublica Dominicana|Reipublicae Dominicanae]] ac [[Haitia]]e) Septemtrione, [[Insulae Turcenses et Caicenses|Insularum Turcensium et Caicensium]] Boreoccidente, et [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] (proximae civitatis [[Florida]]e) Austroriente. Earum [[area (geometria)|area]] 13&amp;thinsp;939 [[chiliometrum quadratum|chiliometrorum quadratorum]] (5&amp;thinsp;382 [[mille passus quadratum|milium passuum quadratorum]]) cum aestimato [[numerus incolarum|numero incolarum]] 330&amp;thinsp;000. Earum [[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Nassovia (Bahamae)|Nassovia]] est. Geographice, Bahamae in eadem insularum catena iacet, velut [[Cuba]], [[Hispaniola]], et [[Insulae Turcenses et Caicenses]]; Bahamarum designatio plerumque ad Consortionem refert et non ad [[geographia|geographicam]] catenam.

Secundum [[PDG]], Bahamae sunt una opulentissimarum civitatnum in [[America|Americis]] (post [[Bermuda]]m, [[Civitates Foederatae]], [[Insulae Caimanenses|Insulas Caimanenses]], [[Canada]]m, et [[Britannicae Virginis Insulae|Britannicas Virginis Insulas]]) et una opulentissimarum in toto terrarum orbe cuius incolae praesertim ex [[Africa]] ortae sunt.

==Etymologia==
Nomen ''Bahamae'' incertam originem habet. Ex [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanico]] vocabulo ''baja mar'' 'emissum mare', aut e [[Lucayi]]co vocabulo insula [[Magna Bahama|Magnae Bahamae]], ''ba-ha-ma'' 'magna superior media terra').

==Historia==
[[Fasciculus:Emerald bay great exuma bahamas.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Litus]] in Emerald{{dubsig}} Bay.]]
In principio [[Lucayi]], [[Linguae Aravacanae|Aravacanophonorum]] [[Taini|Tainorum]] ramus, insulas incolebant. Bahamae locus erant ubi [[Christophorus Columbus]] se e [[navis|navi]] in [[Mundus Novus|Mundo Novo]] anno [[1492]] primum exposuit. Quamquam [[Hispania|Hispani]] nunquam Bahamas colonizavere,{{dubsig}} autochthones [[Lucayi|Lucayos]] in naves imposuere [[servitus|servituti]] in [[Hispaniola]]. Insulae relictae sunt inter [[1513]] et [[1648]], cum [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanni]] coloni e [[Bermuda]] se in insula [[Eleuthera]] conlocaverunt.

Bahamae [[Colonia Coronae]] ([[Anglice]] ''Crown Colony'') anno [[1718]] factae sunt, cum [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanni]] fortes rationes inierunt contra [[pirata|piraticam]]. Post [[Res Novae Americanae|Res Novas Americanas]], milia [[Legalista (Res Novae Americanae)|Legalistarum]] pro [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannis]] et [[Africa|Afrorum]] [[servus|servorum]] factorum in Bahamas allata sunt et statuta est sationis [[oeconomia]]. [[Abolitionismus|Venaliciaria dissoluta sunt]] in [[Imperium Britannicum|Imperio Britannico]] anno [[1807]] et multi Afri ex venaliciis navibus a [[Regia Classis Britannica|Regia Classi Britannica]] liberati Bahamas per [[saeculum 19|saeculum XIX]] colonizaverunt.{{dubsig}} [[Servitus|Servitute]] anno [[1834]] dissoluta, [[Africa|Africorum]] servorum manumissorum prognati maiorem praesentium Bahamensium partem formant.

Per medium [[secundum bellum mundanum]], [[Dux Vindesorii]] (antiquus [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicus]] rex [[Eduardus VIII (rex Britanniarum)|Eduardus VIII]]) Bahamarum [[Gubernator Generalis|Gubernatorem Generalem]] nominatus est, et iter fecit in has insulas cum [[Wallis Simpson|Walli Simpson]] [[uxor]]e, Ducissa Vindesorii, anno [[1940]], ad obeundum munus Gubernatoris Generalis usque ad [[1945]]. Anno [[1973]], incolae Bahamenses libertati suffragati sunt, et se [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regni]] liberi declaraverunt, licet intra [[Consortio Populorum|Consortionem Populorum]]. De libertate, Bahamae valde propter [[periegesis|periegesin]], rem argentariam internationalem et conlocationum pecuniariarum gestionem prosperaverunt.

==Geographia climaque==
Civitas inter latitudines 20º et 28º septemtrione et inter longitudines 72º et 80º occidente iacet.

[[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] proxima insula [[Bimina]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0899a.html] ''Lexicon Universale Hofmann.''&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Anglice]] ''Bimini'') est, quoque &quot;aditus in Bahamas&quot; appellata. [[Abacoa]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0889a.html] ''Lexicon Universale Hofmann.''&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Anglice]] ''Abaco Islands'') [[Magna Bahama|Magnae Bahamae]] ([[Anglice]] ''Grand Bahama'') oriente est. Austrorientalissima insula [[Inagua]] est. Maxima insula [[Andros (Bahamae)|Andros]] est. Inter alias insulas habitatas sunt [[Eleuthera]], [[Insula Catti (Bahamae)|Insula Catti]] ([[Anglice]] ''Cat Island''), [[Insula Longa (Bahamae)|Insula Longa]] ([[Anglice]] ''Long Island''), [[Sanctus Salvator (Bahamae)|Sanctus Salvator]] ([[Anglice]] ''San Salvador Island''), [[Acclines]] ([[Anglice]] ''Acklins''), [[Insula Curva (Bahamae)|Insula Curva]] ([[Anglice]] ''Crooked Island''), [[Exuma]], et [[Mayaguana]]. [[Nassau]], Bahamensium [[caput (urbs)|caput]], in insula [[Nova Providentia (Bahamae)|Nova Providentia]]&lt;!--New Providence--&gt; situm est.
[[Fasciculus:Bahamas 2009.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Bahamae e [[spatium|spatio]], secundum [[NASA|Nasani]] [[Aqua (satelles)|Aquae]] [[satelles artificialis|satellitis]] imaginem, anno [[2009]].]]

Omnes insulae planae demissaeque sunt, cum iugis quae 15 aut 20 metra (49 aut 66 pedes) non superare solent. Altissimus locus in civitate [[Mons Alvernia (Bahamae)|Mons Alvernia]], antique Collis Comensis nuncupatus, 63 metra (207 pedes) altus, in [[Insula Catti (Bahamae)|Insula Catti]] est.

Versus austrorientem, [[Insulae Turcenses et Caicenses]] et tres latiores submarini characteres {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Syrtis Mucinnii||en|qid=Q6918885}}, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Syrtis Argentea||en|qid=Q286837}}, et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Syrtis Christi Natalis||en|qid=Q6982408}} nuncupati geographica Bahamarum continuatio, sed non Consortionis Bahamensium pars sunt.

===Clima===
Bahamarum clima inter [[clima subtropicale|subtropicale]] et [[clima tropicale|tropicale]] est, significative [[Fluentum Sinus|Fluenti Sinus]] [[aqua|aquis]], praesertim [[hiems|hieme]], temperatum. Quod, conversim, crebro [[aestas|aestate]] [[autumnus|autumnoque]] periculosissimum est, cum [[huracanum|huracana]] prope aut per insulas veniunt. [[Huracanum Andrew]] Septemtrionales insulas per tempus huracanorum Atlaticorum anni [[1992]] et [[Huracanum Floyd]] plerasque insulas per tempus huracanorum Atlaticorum anni [[1999]] percussit.

Quamquam nunquam [[pruina]] fuit in Bahamis relata, [[temperatura]] usque ad 2 aut 3&amp;nbsp;°C (35,6 aut 37,4&amp;nbsp;°F) per Arcticas eruptiones [[Florida]]e vicinitates afficientes cadere potest. [[Nix]] relata est mixta cum aqua in [[Portus Liber (Bahamae)|Porto Libere]] ([[Anglice]] ''Freeport'') [[Ianuarius|Ianuario]] [[1977]], cum simul in [[Miamia]]e area ninguebat, cum temperatura cicirter 4,5&amp;nbsp;°C (40,1&amp;nbsp;°F) eodem tempore.

==Civilitas==
[[Fasciculus:Nassau, Bahamas.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Parlamentum Bahamarum, in [[Nassovia (Bahamae)|Nassovia]].]]
Bahamae civitas libera sunt, sed sub [[civilitas|politica]] coronae [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicae]] tutela pergit et [[Consortio Populorum|Consotionis Populorum]] pars faciunt. Politicae iuridicaeque [[mos|mores]] Britannicis similes sunt.

[[Carolus III (rex Britanniarum)|Carolus Rex III]] est [[dux Civitatis]], a [[Gubernator Generalis|gubernatore generali]] repraesentatus. [[Primus minister]] [[dux Gubernationis]], duxque [[factio politica|factionis]] cum maiore scamnorum numero in [[Parlamentum|Parlamento]] est. Praesens gubernator generalis [[Arcturus Foulkes]] et praesens [[primus minister]] [[Hubertus Ingraham]]. [[Senator]]es nominantur. [[Potestas exsecutiva|Potestate exsecutiva]] fungitur [[consilium ministrorum]], dum [[potestas legisfera|potestate legisfera]] duo [[Parlamentum|Parlamenti]] membra.

===Res militares===
[[Fasciculus:HMBS Bahamas in Nassau.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[HMBS Bahamas P-60|HMBS Bahamas]] P-60 in [[Nassovia (Bahamae)|Nassovia]].]]
Bahamae nec [[exercitus|exercitum]] nec [[vis aeria|vim aëriam]] habent. Quarum res militares a Regia Vi Defensionis Bahamensi ([[Anglice]] ''Royal Bahamas Defence Force, RBDF''), Bahamarum [[classis (nautica)|classe]], constituuntur. Secundum Legem Defensionis ([[Anglice]] ''The Defence Act''), Regia Vis Defensionis Bahamensis Bahamas defendere, earum territorialem integritatem protegere, excubias per earum aquas agere, auxilium levamenque in calamitatis tempore praebere, ordinem iuxta cum legum exsequendarum agenturis Bahamensibus servare et quodlibet munus a Concilio Salutis Nationali decretum praestare iussa est. Vis Defensionis quoque [[Communitas Caribica|Communitatis Caribicae]] Vis Regionalis Muneris Defendendi ([[Anglice]] ''Caricom's Regional Security Task Force'') membrum est.

Regia Vis Defensionis Bahamensis officialiter [[31 Martii|pridie Kalendas Aprilis]] [[1980]] exsistere coepit. Inter cuius munera Bahamas defendere, [[droga]]rum subintroductionem, illegalem [[immigratio]]nem ac [[venatio fraudulenta|venationem fraudulentam]] inhibire et auxilium nautis praebere quandocumque et ubicumque possit sunt. Vis Defensionis 26 navium circumspectoriarum litoralium [[classis (nautica)|classem]] iuxta cum duabus aëronavibus et circiter 850 operariorum habet, inter quos 65 officiales et 74 feminae.

=== Symbola nationalia ===
==== Vexillum nationale ====
[[Fasciculus:Flag of the Bahamas.svg|thumb|upright=0.6|[[Vexillum]] Bahamense.]]
[[Color]]es in Bahamense [[vexillum|vexillo]] incorporati populi Bahamensis imaginem appetitionesque symbolizant; designatio naturalis ambitus (solis, harenae marisque) et oeconomicae socialisque evolutionis aspectus reddit. Vexillum [[niger (color)|nigrum]] [[triangulum|triangulum aequilaterum]] contra palum est, superpositum in horizontali fundo duobus coloribus in tribus aequis clavis [[aqua marina (color)|aquae marinae]], [[aureus (color)|aurei]] et [[aqua marina (color)|aquae marinae]] constituto.

[[Symbolismus]] [[vexillum|vexilli]] ita est: [[niger (color)|niger]], fortis [[color]], iuncti populi vigorem et vim repraesentat, [[triangulum]] intentum ad vexilli corpus Bahamensis populi conatus pertinaciam ad evolvendas et possidendas locupletes solis marisque opes aureo et aquae marinae respective symbolizatas repraesentat. Circa [[Nigrita]]rum repraesentationem, aliqui [[Phyle Caucasia|Albi]] Bahamenses iocati sunt dicentes se in titulo &quot;habe id totum iunctim&quot; aiente repraesentari.

====Insigne====
[[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of the Bahamas.svg|thumb|upright=0.6|[[Insigne]] Bahamense.]]
Bahamense [[insigne]] clipeum cum symbolis civitatis velut puncto focali{{dubsig}}&lt;!--focal point?--&gt; continet. Clipeus [[Istiophoridae|istiophorida]] et [[Phoenicopteriformes|phoenicopteriforme]] sustinetur, qui sunt praecipua Bahamarum [[animal]]ia; phoenicopteroformis in terra et istiophorida in mari situs est, quod insularum geographiam indicat.

Super clipeo [[cochlea|cochleis]], variatam marinam insularis catenae vitam repraesentans, est. Cochlis&lt;!--?--&gt; in [[cassis|casside]] posita est. Infra quam idem clipeus est, cuius praecipuum symbolum navem [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophori Columbi]] [[Sancta Maria (navis)|Sanctam Mariam]], sub sole navigantem ostensam, repraesentantem est. Trans fundum, infra clipeum, apparet titulus super quo scripta est sententiola civitatis, [[Anglice]] ''Forward, Upward, Onward Together,'' scilicet &quot;Protinus, Sursum, Porro, Iunctim.&quot;

====Flos civitatis====
[[Fasciculus:Tecoma stans, flowers+pods.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''[[Tecoma stans]].'']]
[[Tecoma stans]] [[flos]] nationalis Bahamarum electum est quia autochthonicum Insularum Bahamarum est et per annum totum efflorit. ''Tecomatis stantis'' selectio inter multas alias flores per combinatum populare suffragium inter membra omnium [[quattuor]] societatum horticarum{{dubsig}} [[Nova Providentia (Bahamae)|Novae Providentiae]] per [[decennium 198]] facta est, quae sunt Societas Hortica Nassavensis, Societas Hortica Carveriana, Societas Hortica Internationalis, et Societas Hortica YWCA.

Rationati sunt sic, ut aliae [[flos|flores]] ibi crescentes, velut [[bougainvillea]], [[hibiscus]] et ''[[Caesalpinia pulcherrima]],'' aliarum civitatum [[flos civitatis|flores civitatum]] iam electae sint. ''[[Tecoma stans]],'' e contra, postulata non erat ab aliis civitatibus (quamquam nunc etiam flos civitatis [[Virgines Insulae Americanae|Virginum Insularum Americanarum]]).

== Divisio administrativa ==
[[Fasciculus:Districts of the Bahamas (Labeled).png|thumb|upright=1|Districtuum tabula.]]
[[Districtus]] Bahamenses administrativa huius [[America Septemtrionalis|Boreamericanae]] civitatis divisio sunt, omnium territorium, excepta [[Nova Providentia (Bahamae)|Nova Providentia]] (ubi est [[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Nassau]] et a Gubernatione Centrali administratur), tegentes. Praesens divisionis systema in annum [[1996]] regreditur, cum creatione 23 districtuum quibus additi sunt alii octo anno [[1999]]. Hic infra catalogus districtuum est:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! [[Districtus]] [[Latine]]
! [[Districtus]] [[Anglice]]
! [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] sive praecipua urbs [[Latine]]
! [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] sive praecipua urbs [[Anglice]]
|-
| [[Abacoa Centralis]]
| ''Central Abaco''
| [[Portus Paludis]]
| ''Marsh Harbour''
|-
| [[Abacoa Meridionalis]]
| ''South Abaco''
| [[Punctum Harenosum]]
| ''Sandy Point''
|-
| [[Abacoa Septemtrionalis]]
| ''North Abaco''
| [[Cooperpolis]]
| ''Coppers Town''
|-
| [[Acclines]]
| ''Acklins''
| [[Punctum Fontis]]
| ''Spring Point''
|-
| [[Andros Medius]]
| ''Central Andros''
| [[Rivus Vegetus]]
| ''Fresh Creek''
|-
| [[Andros Meridionalis]]
| ''South Andros''
| [[Congopolis]]
| ''Congotown''
|-
| [[Andros Septemtrionalis]]
| ''North Andros''
| [[Nichollopolis]]
| ''Nicholl's Town''
|-
| [[Insulae Berryenses|Berryenses]]
| ''Berry Islands''
| [[Cayum Magni Portus]]
| ''Great Harbour Cay''
|-
| [[Bimina]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0899a.html] ''Lexicon Universale Hofmann.''&lt;/ref&gt;
| ''Bimini''
| [[Aliciapolis]]
| ''Alice Town''
|-
| [[Cayum Mangrovia]]
| ''Mangrove Cay''
| [[Moxeypolis]]
| ''Moxey Town''
|-
| [[Cayum Rhomium]]
| ''Rum Cay''
| [[Portus Nelsonianus]]
| ''Port Nelson''
|-
| [[Cayum Testudinis Viridis]]
| ''Green Turtle Cay''
| 
|
|-
| [[Eleuthera Centralis]]
| ''Central Eleuthera''
| [[Portus Gubernatoris]]
| ''Governor's Harbour''
|-
| [[Eleuthera Meridionalis]]
| ''South Eleuthera''
| [[Sinus Tarpum]]
| ''Tarpum Bay''
|-
| [[Eleuthera Septemtrionalis]]
| ''North Eleuthera''
| [[Bugia Superior]]
| ''Upper Bouge''
|-
| [[Elpidopolis]]
| ''Hope Town''
| [[Elpidopolis]]
| ''Hope Town''
|-
| [[Exuma]]
| ''Exuma''
| [[Georgiopolis (Bahamae)|Georgiopolis]]
| ''George Town''
|-
| [[Inagua]]
| ''Inagua''
| [[Matthaeopolis]]
| ''Matthew Town''
|-
| [[Insula Catti (Bahamae)|Insula Catti]]
| ''Cat Island''
| [[Arcturopolis]]
| ''Arthur's Town''
|-
| [[Insula Curva (Bahamae)|Insula Curva]]
| ''Crooked Island''
| [[Collis Colonelli]]
| ''Colonel Hill''
|-
| [[Insula Fragosa]]
| ''Ragged Island''
| [[Duncanopolis]]
| ''Duncan Town''
|-
| [[Insula Longa (Bahamae)|Insula Longa]]
| ''Long Island''
| [[Clarentiapolis (Bahamae)|Clarentiapolis]]
| ''Clarence Town''
|-
| [[Insula Morensis]]
| ''Moore's Island''
| [[Hardbargain]]
| ''Hard Bargain''
|-
| [[Insula Portus (Bahamae)|Insula Portus]]
| ''Harbour Island''
| [[Dunmorepolis]]
| ''Dunmore Town''
|-
| [[Magna Bahama Occidentalis]]
| ''West Grand Bahama''
| [[Finis Occidentalis]]
| ''West End''
|-
| [[Magna Bahama Orientalis]]
| ''East Grand Bahama''
| [[Macleanspolis]]
| ''McLeans Town''
|-
| [[Magnum Cayum]]
| ''Grand Cay''
| [[Magnum Cayum]]
| ''Grand Cay''
|-
| [[Mayaguana]]
| ''Mayaguana''
| [[Sinus Abrahae (Bahamae)|Sinus Abrahae]]
| ''Abraham's Bay''
|-
| [[Portus Liber (Bahamae)|Portus Liber]]
| ''Freeport''
| [[Portus Liber (Bahamae)|Portus Liber]]
| ''Freeport''
|-
| [[Punctum Nigrum (Bahamae)|Punctum Nigrum]]
| ''Black Point''
| [[Punctum Nigrum (Bahamae)|Punctum Nigrum]]
| ''Black Point''
|-
| [[Putei Hispanici]]
| ''Spanish Wells''
| [[Putei Hispanici]]
| ''Spanish Wells''
|-
| [[Sanctus Salvator (Bahamae)|Sanctus Salvator]]
| ''San Salvador''
| [[Cockburnopolis]]
| ''Cockburn Town''
|}

== Demographia ==
[[Exstinctio|Exstinctis]] saeculis abhinc autochthonibus incolis, [[Aravaci]]s, archipelagi incolae praesertim a [[Nigrita|Nigritis]] et [[Mulatus|Mulatis]] (85% omnium incolarum) constituuntur, dum reliqui incolae [[Europa]]eae originis sunt. Censu anni [[2000]] attacti erant circiter 303&amp;thinsp;000 incolarum, qui crevere usque ad 315 000 secundum ultimam aestimationem effectam. Annui incrementi rhythmus, qui praecedentibus annis altus manebat, ultime inferior quam 1% factus est. Altera ex parte, immigratorius fluxus, olim consistens, hodie numerice supervacaneus est, dum, e [[1994]], Gubernatio in patriam remissionem coactivam [[Haitia]]norum et [[Cuba]]norum illegalium immigrantium perfecit, quod nihilominus non paucas tensiones in rationes cum oiginis nationibus creavit. In recentibus annis, [[sida]]e diffunsio progressus quos infantilis mortalitatis reminutio revera consecuta erat delevit.
[[Fasciculus:Bahamas population.svg|thumb|upright=1|Demographica Bahamarum data secundum [[FAO]], anno [[2005]]; numerus incolarum in milibus datus.]]

Hodierna territorialis incolarum distributio valde dispar est, et praeterea urbani incolae 88.8% omnium incolarum repraesentant; ergo solum praecipuae insulae incolas habent cum amplius dimidio Bahamensium [[Nova Providentia (Bahamae)|Novam Providentiam]] ([[Anglice]] ''New Providence'') incolenti; inter alias ponderis zonas sunt [[Portus Liber (Bahamae)|Portus Liber]] ([[Anglice]] ''Freeport''), [[Magna Bahama]] ([[Anglice]] ''Grand Bahama'') et [[Sinus Kempianus]] ([[Anglice]] ''Kemp's Bay'') ac [[Nichollopolis]] ([[Anglice]] ''Nicholl's Town'') [[Andros (Bahamae)|Andro]] in uinsula.

===Religio===
Praecipua [[religio]] (circiter 70% incolarum) [[Christianismus|Christiana]] est, in variis [[Protestantes|Protestantibus]] confessionibus. Inter religiones cultissimas in Bahamis sunt [[Ecclesiae Baptistae|Baptista]] (35.1%), [[Anglicanismus|Anglicana]] (15.1%), [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholica]] (13.4%), [[Ecclesia Pentecostalis|Pentecostalis]] (8.1%), [[Ecclesia Dei|Ecclesiae Dei]] (4,8%), [[Methodismus|Methodista]] (4%), aliae Christianae (15.2%), athei aut inspecificatae (1,6%), [[Buddhismus]] (2%) et aliae (0,7%), secundum censum [[2000]].

===Lingua===
[[Lingua publica]] est [[lingua Anglica|Anglica]], quamquam Bahamenses etiam [[lingua Anglica|Anglico]] [[lingua creola]] [[lingua creola Bahamensis|Bahamensi]] utuntur.

Liber Factorum Mundanorum [[CIA]] ([[Anglice]] ''CIA World Factbook'') inter [[lingua creola Haitiana|linguam Haitianam]] et [[lingua creolus Bahamensis|Bahamensem]] non discriminat, quos simpliciter &quot;dialectos&quot; 400&amp;thinsp;000 locutoribus appellat. Praeterea [[lingua Hispanica|Hispanice]] loquuntur [[Cuba]]ni et [[Respublica Dominicana|Dominicani]] immigrantes.

===Ethnē===
[[Fasciculus:Bahamas population pyramid 2005.png|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Pyramis incolaria]] Bahamarum.]]
==== Afrobahamenses ====
[[Afrobahamenses]] sunt [[Africa]]e, praesertim [[Africa Occidentalis|Afroccidentalis]], originis Bahamenses. Primi [[Africa|Afri]] in Bahamas e [[Bermuda]] cum [[Erratores Eleutherani|Erratoribus Eleutheranis]] ([[Anglice]] ''Eleutheran Adventurers'') velut [[libertus|liberti]] novam vitam quaerentes advenerunt. Afrobahamenses maximus [[ethnos|ethnicus]] circulus in Bahamis hodie sunt, 85 centesimas Bahamensium contituens.
====Europaei====
[[Eurobahamenses]] sive [[Europa]]eae originis Bahamenses, circiter 38 000, praesertim e [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicis]] [[Puritani]]s et [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Legalista (Res Novae Americanae)|Legalistis]]{{dubsig}} descendentes sunt, qui annis [[1649]] et [[1783]] respective advenerunt. Qui maximum circulum minoritarium in Bahamis circiter 12 cenetsimas incolarum constituentem formant.

Parva Eurobahamensium pars e [[Graeci]]s operariis orta est qui venerunt iuvatum evolvere [[porifera|spongiariam]] industriam in decennio [[decennium 191|191]]. Quamquam minus quam 1% Bahamensium constituunt, fuere capaces servatu suam distinctam [[Graecia|Graecam]] culturam.

Unus curiosissimorum{{dubsig}} et aliquando perplexorum Bahamensis genealogiae characterum{{dubsig}} est plerasque familias ramos habere et adhuc immediata familiaria membra, comprehendentes integrum spectrum inter &quot;album&quot;, &quot;aquilum,&quot; et &quot;sine dubio obscurum.&quot;

==Oeconomia==
[[Fasciculus:Prince George Wharf in Nassau Harbor.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Naves commeantes in Portu [[Nassau|Nassavensi]].]]
Bahamae nationem stabilem et evolutam cum oeconomia valde dependentem et e [[periegesis|periegesi]] et ex [[argentaria|argentariis]] [[argentaria exochoria|exochoriis]] formant. Solum [[periegesis]] 60 centesimae [[PDG]] constituit et directe aut indirecte dimidium numeri incolarum aetate laborandi in archipelago utitur. Bahamae praesertim salutatores ex [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] ventos accipiunt. 700 insularum archipelagus componentium proxima [[Miamia]]e 75 chiliometra versus Orientem distat. Permanens accipiendi capacitatis incrementum et novorum [[deversorium|deversoriorum]], feriarum centrorum sediumque construendorum ascensus bonum [[PDG]] incrementum ultimis annis permisit. Bahamae [[vexillum convenientiae|vexillorum convenientiae]] partem faciunt.

[[Industria]] (paucum evoluta) et [[agricultura]] iunctae decimam partem ad [[PDG]] contribuunt et vix progrediunt, licet gubernativi stimuli dati his campis ad palliandam periegeseos ex [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis]] provenientis dependentiam. Inter horum camporum praecipuas activitates{{dubsig}} sunt:

* [[Petroleum|petrolei]] metaphortosis et politio,
* [[medicamentum|pharmaceutica]], [[sal]]is et [[rhomium|rhomii]] productio,
* [[piscatio]]

Anno [[1998]], [[PDG]] 13.3 [[Milliardum|milliarda]] [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum Civitatum Foederatarum]] attigit, 11 380 dollariorum Statunitensium pro incola.

==Educatio==
[[Fasciculus:COBFRONTENTRANCE.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Collegii Bahamarum Frontalis aditus.]]
[[Educatio]] in Bahamis obligatoria inter 5 et 16 annos natos est. Anno [[2003]], index praesentiae in schola 92 centesimae et index [[alphabetismus|alphabetismi]] 95.5 centesimae erat. Gubernatio 158 e 210 primariarum et secundariarum scholarum in Bahamis omnino gerit. Aliae 52 scholae private geruntur. Matriculatio in civitatis primariis et secundariis scholis 50&amp;thinsp;332 erat, cum amplius 16&amp;thinsp;000 discipulis privatas scholas frequentantibus. Aliquae scholae publicae fundamentalibus educativis materiis carent et hiperpleres{{dubsig}} sunt. [[Collegium Bahamarum]] ([[Anglice]] ''College of The Bahamas''), [[Nassau]] in insula anno [[1974]] condito, curricula baccalaureatuum et diplomatum et graduum offert. Aliquot non Bahamensia [[collegium|collegia]] etiam curricula educationis in Bahamis praebent.

==Cultura==
[[Fasciculus:Junkanoo.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Dzuncanu]]s celebratio in [[Nassau]].]]
Bahamensis [[cultura]] hybridica est ex [[Africa]], [[Europa]]ea et aliis culturis. Per ultimos triginta annos cultura [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[hiphop]]ica cultura affecta est.

Bahamensis cultura aliis [[creoli]]cis culturis trans [[Sinus Caribicus|Sinum Caribicum]] conexa est, sed etiam [[Gullae|Gullicae]] ([[Anglice]] ''Gullah'') culturae in [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Carolina Meridionalis|Carolinae Meridanae]] et [[Georgia (CFA)|Georgiae]] litora. Multi Gullae in Bahamas post [[Res Novae Americanae|Res Novas Americanas]] ducti sunt.

In minus evolutis externis insulis, inter opera manualis [[calathoplectica]] ex [[Arecaceae|arecacea]] fronde facta excellit. Haec materies vulgo [[Anglice]] ''straw'' 'stramentum' in petasis et saccis quae populares [[periegesis|periegeticas]] res sunt texitur. Alius usus sic nuncupatis &quot;pupulis [[Vuduismus|Vuduismi]]&quot; est, quamquam tales pupuli Americanae imaginationis resultatio sunt et fundantur in nullo historico facto.

Licet ab autochthonibus Bahamensibus non culta, vulgaris [[magia|magicae]] [[obea]]e ([[Anglice]] ''obeah'') forma, ex [[Africa Occidentalis|Africa Occidentali]] orta, in Bahamensibus nonnullis externis [[Insulae Familiares|Insulis Familiaribus]] ([[Anglice]] ''Family Island'') ab [[Haitia]]nis immigrantibus colitur. Obeae cultus nihilominus in Bahamis contra [[lex|leges]] et secundum legem punibilis{{dubsig}} est. [[Dzuncanu]] ([[Anglice]] ''Junkanoo'') [[traditio]]nalis [[Africa]] semitaria [[musica]]e, [[saltatio]]nis, [[ars|artisque]] pompa, in [[Nassau]] (et in aliis paucis sedibus) quoque [[Dies Capsarum|Die Capsarum]] ([[Anglice]] ''Boxing Day'') et [[Annus Novus|Anno Novo]] ([[Anglice]] ''New Year's Day'') celebrata, est. Dzuncanu etiam in usu est ad celebrandos alias ferias et eventus velut Diem Emancipationis ([[Anglice]] ''Emancipation Day'').

[[Certamen navigatorium|Certamina navigatoria]] ponderis sociales eventus in multis Insularum Familiarium sedibus sunt. Unum aut duos dies in obsoletis navibus operariis navigare solent non minus quam participare festivalia in terra.

Aliquae sedes festivalia sociata cum traditionali istius areae cultu aut cibo habent, inter quae Festivalia [[Ananas comosus|Ananae]] ([[Anglice]] ''Pineapple Fest'') in [[Gregoriopolis|Gregoriopoli]] ([[Anglice]] ''Gregory Town'') [[Eleuthera]]na aut Festivalia Cancri ([[Anglice]] ''Crab Fest'') in [[Andros|Andro]]. Inter alias traditiones significativas [[aphegetica]] excellit.

{{NexInt}}
*''[[Tyto pollens]],'' [[avis]] recentissime [[exstinctio|exstincta]]

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{America}}
{{Consortio Populorum}}
{{Capsae collectae|Insulae Bahamenses|politica|{{Primi ministri insularum Bahamensium}}}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bahamenses}}
[[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]]
[[Categoria:Coloniae Regni Britanniarum]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1973]]
[[Categoria:Insulae Bahamenses|!]]
[[Categoria:Monarchiae constitutionales]]

{{Myrias|Geographia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Malavia</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Mi-map.png|thumb|175px|[[Tabula geographica]] Malaviae.]]

'''Malavia'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Malavia -ae&quot; {{Google Books|-ft0MIKWqPwC|de nomine Latino vide pp. 425-427}}.&lt;/ref&gt; est civitas in [[Africa]], cuius [[caput (urbs)|caput]] est [[urbs]] [[Lilongwe]].

== Historia ==
Malavia ab anno [[1891]] usque ad annum [[1964]] fuit [[colonia]] [[Imperium Britannicum|Imperii Britannici]], pars protectoratus Britannici Mediae Africae. Die [[1 Februarii]] [[1963]], [[Hastings Kamuzu Banda]] praeses ministrorum [[Nyasalandia]]e (ut tum Malavia vocabatur) nominatus est et die [[6 Iulii]] 1964 [[libertas|libertatem]] a Britannia impetravit. [[Elisabetha II (regina Britannica)|Elisabetha II]] primo [[caput civitatis]] mansit, quae nunc Malavia nominatur. Die [[6 Iulii]] [[1966]], Banda rem publicam proclamavit, atque ipse magistratum praesidis iniit. Dehinc dictator Malaviam rexit ad usque annum [[1994]], cum [[suffragium]] primum liberum habitum perdidisset. Die [[21 Maii]] [[1994]], [[Bakili Muluzi]] eius successor magistratum iniit. Die [[24 Maii]] [[2004]], [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] libere electus praeses Malavii factus est; qui autem die [[5 Aprilis]] [[2012]] officio fungens mortuus est.

== Educatio ==
* [[Universitas Malaviensis]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200416051012/https://www.malawi.gov.mw/ Situs publicus]

{{natio-stipula}}


{{Africa}}
{{Consortio Populorum}}
{{Capsae collectae|Malavia|politica|{{Praesides Malaviae}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Malavienses}}}}

{{Myrias|Geographia}}

[[Categoria:Malavia]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1964]]
[[Categoria:Respublicae]]
[[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mondragonium</title>
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[[Fasciculus:Lungomare di Mondragone - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Mondragonium]]
'''Mondragonium'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Sacco}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{victio|Mondragonium|ii|n}} (alia nomina: ''Petrinum''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090219141259/http://laduna.it/itinerari/mondragone/storia_citta_di_mondragone.pdf storia_citta_di_mondragone.pdf]&lt;/ref&gt;, ''Roccha Petrina'', deinde ''Roccha Montis Draconis''&lt;ref&gt;[http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castra_exempta Castra_exempta]&lt;/ref&gt; vel ''Mons Draconis'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''[[:it:Mondragone|Mondragone]]'') est [[Urbes Italiae|Urbs]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] circiter 27&amp;thinsp;500 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Campania (Italia)|Campania]], circiter 28&amp;thinsp;470 incolarum, in [[Provincia Casertana]] et in [[Liburia]] historica ac geographica terra situm. Urbani ''Petrinenses'' vel ''Mondraconenses'' appellantur.

== Insignia ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Corona di città.svg|''[[Urbs Italiae]]''&lt;ref&gt;DPR [[28 Martii]] [[1989]]&lt;/ref&gt;
Fasciculus:Merito civile gold medal BAR.svg|''[[Urbs nomismate aureo ob meritum civilem decorata]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Geographia ==
* [[Liburia]] (''terra'')

== Historia ==
* [[Sinuessa]]

== Ecclesia Catholica Romana ==
* [[Dioecesis Suessana]]

== Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio ==
=== Fractiones ===
''Le Vagnole, Pescopagano''.

== Municipia finitima ==
* [[Cancellum et Arno]],
* [[Castrum Maris Volturni]],
* [[Falcianum]],
* [[Suessa]].

{{NexInt}}
* [[Campania (Italia)|Campaniam]] (''regionem''),
* [[Provincia Casertana|Provinciam Casertanam]],
* [[Liburia]]m (''terram''),
* [[Caserta]]m (''urbem''),
* [[Urbes Italiae]].

== Nexus externi ==
{{communiaCat|Mondragone|Mondragonium}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121214142522/http://www.mondragone.net/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Image:Map of comune of Mondragone (province of Caserta, region Campania, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Casertana.
Imago:Venere di Sinuessa, da Mondragone, s.n., 02.JPG|Venus Sinuessana.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Urbes Italiae in Campania]]
[[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Casertae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Lucus Magnus</title>
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      <text bytes="2455" sha1="tkrxb11qp22jk50u6abv400pr3uh2c7" xml:space="preserve">{{pro pagina discretiva vide|Lucus (discretiva)}}
{{Arca transitus|
imago=Lukmanierpass.jpg|
nomen vulgare=[[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''Passo del Lucomagno''&lt;br /&gt; [[Lingua Theodisca|Germanice:]] ''Lukmanierpass''|
capitulum=[[Transitus]]|
Altitudo=1914|
Terra=[[Helvetia]]|
Regio=inter [[Ticinum (pagus)|Ticinum]] et [[Grisonia]]m|
Oppidum= Inter [[Disentis|Disentim]] et [[Aqua Rossa|Aquam Rossam]]|
|latd                                  =46 
|latm                                  =33 
|lats                                  =46
|latNS                                 =N  
|longd                                 =8 
|longm                                 =48 
|longs                                 =3
|longEW                                =E
|
}}
'''Lucus magnus'''&lt;ref&gt;Douglas W. Freshfield, &quot;The Great Passes of the Western and Central Alps&quot; in ''Geographical Journal'' vol. 49 (1917) pp. 2-22&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=JTqNwBa58xAC&amp;pg=PT236&amp;lpg=PT236&amp;dq=Lucus+Magnus&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=EcmSKk2tp5&amp;sig=k34u5w3TviFmljXW1h14GcsEdoY&amp;hl=de&amp;ei=NejiTN3TEof3sgakgOGJDA&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=7&amp;ved=0CEkQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&amp;q=Lucus%20Magnus&amp;f=false Schweiz Von Bernhard Abend,Anja Schliebitz] {{ling|Germanice}}&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Lucumonis mons'''&lt;ref&gt;Adolf Wäber, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210617230445/https://download.burgenverein-untervaz.ch/downloads/dorfgeschichte/1911-Fr%C3%BChere%20B%C3%BCndner%20Bergnamen.pdf Bündner Berg- und Passnamen vor dem XIX. Jahrhundert]&quot; in ''Jahrbuch der Schweizer Alpenclub'' (1911/1912) pp. 148-182 ad p. 153&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0005/bsb00050913/images/index.html?id=00050913&amp;groesser=&amp;fip=193.174.98.30&amp;no=&amp;seite=423 Lucomonis mons]&quot; (per errorem?) in {{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it: Passo del Lucomagno|Passo del Lucomagno]]''; [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]: ''[[:de: Lukmanierpass|Lukmanierpass]]'') est transitus in [[Alpes|Alpibus]] inter paga [[Ticinum (pagus)|Ticinum]] et [[Grisonia]]m, ubi, 1914 metrorum altitudinis, est etiam lacus arte factus.

Praesens via anno [[1876]] patefacta est.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externus ==
[[Fasciculus:Lucomagno II.JPG|thumb|Transitus Luci Magni die pluviali pictus]]
* [http://www.valaispano.ch/lucmanier/lucmanier.html Despectus 360° de transitu]

{{transitus Alpium }}

[[Categoria:Res geographicae Grisoniae]]
[[Categoria:Transitus Alpium]]
[[Categoria:Viae Helvetiae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Camillus Ruini</title>
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      <text bytes="3230" sha1="l4ltc4beb117hsxdq6n9gbb1mqi0ujp" xml:space="preserve">{{Cardinalis Ecclesiae Catholicae
|nomen=Camillus Ruini
|titulus= [[Sancta Agnes extra moenia|Sanctae Agnesis extra moenia]] 
|munus=vicarius [[papa]]e pro [[Dioecesis|dioecesi]] Romae
|imago=Ruini.jpg|
|descriptio= Camillus Cardinalis Ruini 
|latitudo imaginis=240 px
|promulgatus=[[28 Iunii]] [[1991]] 
|a papa=[[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioanne Paulo II]]
|natus=[[19 Februarii]] [[1931]]
|mortuus=[[16 Iunii]] [[2026]]
|ordinatus=[[8 Decembris]] [[1954]] 
|consacratus=
|episcopus= [[16 Maii]] [[1983]] 
|deceduto=
|vexillum=Coat of arms of Camillo Ruini.svg
|va=
|ch=
|cr=
}}

{{res|Camillus Ruini}} (natus in [[Saxuolum|Saxuolo]] apud [[Mutina]]m in regione [[Italia]]e [[Aemilia et Romania]] die [[19 Februarii]] [[1931]]; mortuus [[Roma]]e die [[16 Iunii]] [[2026]]) fuit [[cardinalis]] [[Italia|Italicus]]. Ruini usque ad mensem Iunium [[2008]] fuit vicarius [[papa]]e pro [[Dioecesis|dioecesi]] Romae et [[Presbyter|Archipresbyter]] [[Basilica Lateranensis|Basilicae Lateranensis]]. A die [[7 Martii]] [[1991]] usque ad diem [[7 Martii]] [[2007]] Ruini etiam dux [[Conferentia Episcopalis Italica|Conferentiae Episcopalis Italicae]] (CEI) fuit et antea, inter annos [[1986]] et [[1991]], secretarius eiusdem conferentiae fuerat.

== Vita ==

[[Fasciculus:Pope_Benedictus_XVI_january%2C20_2006_%2819%29.JPG|thumb|left|Camillus Ruini cum papa [[Benedictus XVI|Benedicto XVI]] audientia privata (die [[20 Ianuarii]] [[2006]]]]

Camillius Ruini studuit [[Roma]]e [[theologia]]e ac [[philosophia]]e apud Pontificiam [[Universitas|Universitatem]] Gregorianam.

Anno [[1954]] [[presbyter]] ordinatus est. Ab anno [[1957]] usque ad annum [[1968]] Ruini docuit apud seminarium [[Mutina]]e et postea usque ad annum [[1986]] fuit professor dogmaticae catholicae. 

Anno [[1983]] Ruini [[episcopus]] factus est.

Ruini cardinalis cum titulus [[Sancta Agnes extra moenia|Sanctae Agnesis extra moenia]] a papa [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioanne Paulo II]] die [[28 Iunii]] [[1991]] creatus est. Ab eodem anno papa Ruini vicarium eius pro [[Dioecesis|dioeceseos]] Romae, [[Presbyter|Archipresbyter]] [[Basilica Lateranensis|Basilicae Lateranensis]] et dux [[Conferentia Episcopalis Italica|Conferentiae Episcopalis Italicae]] fecit.

Mense Aprili [[2005]] Ruini [[conclave|conclavi]] adfuit, qui [[Iosephus Ratzinger|Iosephum Ratzinger]] [[papa]]m creavit.

Die [[26 Februarii]] [[2006]] Ruini, annos natus septuaginta quique, omnia munera eius dimisit, sed papa [[Benedictus XVI]] officia eius ad hoc tempus confirmavit, sed die [[7 Martii]] [[2007]] Ruini a [[episcopus|episcopo]] [[Genua]]e [[Angelus Bagnasco|Angelo Bagnasco]] ut dux [[Conferentia Episcopalis Italica|Conferentiae Episcopalis Italicae]] sostitutus est.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biographici}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091008233354/http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-r.htm#Ruini Sanctae Romane Ecclesiae cardinales - dictionarium biographicum] {{Ling|Anglice}}
* [http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_ruini_c_it.html Biographia officialis Sanctae Sedis ] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Anni vitae|1931|2026|Ruini, Camillus}}
[[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]]
[[Categoria:Cardinales]]</text>
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    <title>Decimus Magnus Ausonius</title>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [http://bibliotheque.bordeaux.fr/in/faces/details.xhtml?id=h::BordeauxS_330636101_INC015&amp;jscheck=1 Textus]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] aopud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [http://bibliotheque.bordeaux.fr/in/faces/details.xhtml?id=h::BordeauxS_330636101_INC015&amp;jscheck=1 Textus]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] aopud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [http://bibliotheque.bordeaux.fr/in/faces/details.xhtml?id=h::BordeauxS_330636101_INC015&amp;jscheck=1 Textus]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] aopud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Textus]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] aopud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Textus]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] aopud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Textus]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] aopud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
*Anika Lisa Kleinschmidt, ''Ich-Entwürfe in spätantiker Dichtung : Ausonius, Paulinus von Nola und Paulinus von Pella'', Heidelbergae, 2013 [https://de.book-info.com/isbn/3-8253-6121-7.htm]
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Textus]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] aopud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
*Eduardus Everat, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=WR_p29kdtT8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De D.M. Ausonii operibus et genere dicendi]'', Thorin, 1885    '''LATINE'''
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
*Anika Lisa Kleinschmidt, ''Ich-Entwürfe in spätantiker Dichtung : Ausonius, Paulinus von Nola und Paulinus von Pella'', Heidelbergae, 2013 [https://de.book-info.com/isbn/3-8253-6121-7.htm]
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Textus]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] aopud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
*Eduardus Everat, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=WR_p29kdtT8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De D.M. Ausonii operibus et genere dicendi]'', Thorin, 1885    '''LATINE'''
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
*	Camille Jullian, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=GUHOAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Ausone et Bordeaux : études sur les derniers temps de la Gaule romaine]'', Burdigalae, 1893
*Anika Lisa Kleinschmidt, ''Ich-Entwürfe in spätantiker Dichtung : Ausonius, Paulinus von Nola und Paulinus von Pella'', Heidelbergae, 2013 [https://de.book-info.com/isbn/3-8253-6121-7.htm]
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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        <id>2059</id>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).
* Sunt etiam epistulae inter [[Paulinus Nolanus|Paulinum Nolanum]] et Ausonium

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Textus]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] aopud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
*Eduardus Everat, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=WR_p29kdtT8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De D.M. Ausonii operibus et genere dicendi]'', Thorin, 1885    '''LATINE'''
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
*	Camille Jullian, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=GUHOAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Ausone et Bordeaux : études sur les derniers temps de la Gaule romaine]'', Burdigalae, 1893
*Anika Lisa Kleinschmidt, ''Ich-Entwürfe in spätantiker Dichtung : Ausonius, Paulinus von Nola und Paulinus von Pella'', Heidelbergae, 2013 [https://de.book-info.com/isbn/3-8253-6121-7.htm]
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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        <id>2059</id>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).
* Sunt etiam epistulae inter [[Paulinus Nolanus|Paulinum Nolanum]] et Ausonium

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Textus]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] apud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
*Eduardus Everat, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=WR_p29kdtT8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De D.M. Ausonii operibus et genere dicendi]'', Thorin, 1885    '''LATINE'''
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
*	Camille Jullian, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=GUHOAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Ausone et Bordeaux : études sur les derniers temps de la Gaule romaine]'', Burdigalae, 1893
*Anika Lisa Kleinschmidt, ''Ich-Entwürfe in spätantiker Dichtung : Ausonius, Paulinus von Nola und Paulinus von Pella'', Heidelbergae, 2013 [https://de.book-info.com/isbn/3-8253-6121-7.htm]
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).
* Sunt etiam epistulae inter [[Paulinus Nolanus|Paulinum Nolanum]] et Ausonium

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Textus]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] apud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Altay Coşkun (ed.), ''Die gens Ausoniana an der Macht. Untersuchungen zu Decimius Magnus Ausonius und seiner Familie'', Oxonii, 2002 [https://www.plekos.uni-muenchen.de/2002/rcoskun.pdf Recensio critica]
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
*Eduardus Everat, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=WR_p29kdtT8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De D.M. Ausonii operibus et genere dicendi]'', Thorin, 1885    '''LATINE'''
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
*	Camille Jullian, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=GUHOAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Ausone et Bordeaux : études sur les derniers temps de la Gaule romaine]'', Burdigalae, 1893
*Anika Lisa Kleinschmidt, ''Ich-Entwürfe in spätantiker Dichtung : Ausonius, Paulinus von Nola und Paulinus von Pella'', Heidelbergae, 2013 [https://de.book-info.com/isbn/3-8253-6121-7.htm]
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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        <id>2059</id>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).
* Sunt etiam epistulae inter [[Paulinus Nolanus|Paulinum Nolanum]] et Ausonium

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Textus]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] apud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Alan D. Booth, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1087792 The Academic Career of Ausonius]&quot;, ''Phoenix'', 1982: 329-343 
*Altay Coşkun (ed.), ''Die gens Ausoniana an der Macht. Untersuchungen zu Decimius Magnus Ausonius und seiner Familie'', Oxonii, 2002 [https://www.plekos.uni-muenchen.de/2002/rcoskun.pdf Recensio critica]
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
*Eduardus Everat, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=WR_p29kdtT8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De D.M. Ausonii operibus et genere dicendi]'', Thorin, 1885    '''LATINE'''
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
*	Camille Jullian, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=GUHOAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Ausone et Bordeaux : études sur les derniers temps de la Gaule romaine]'', Burdigalae, 1893
*Anika Lisa Kleinschmidt, ''Ich-Entwürfe in spätantiker Dichtung : Ausonius, Paulinus von Nola und Paulinus von Pella'', Heidelbergae, 2013 [https://de.book-info.com/isbn/3-8253-6121-7.htm]
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
      <sha1>a878ouq97nby8d08donv32yilhqwnh4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965317</id>
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        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Editions Ausonius'' sumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad alias historicas aetates edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).
* Sunt etiam epistulae inter [[Paulinus Nolanus|Paulinum Nolanum]] et Ausonium

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Textus]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] apud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Alan D. Booth, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1087792 The Academic Career of Ausonius]&quot;, ''Phoenix'', 1982: 329-343 
*Altay Coşkun (ed.), ''Die gens Ausoniana an der Macht. Untersuchungen zu Decimius Magnus Ausonius und seiner Familie'', Oxonii, 2002 [https://www.plekos.uni-muenchen.de/2002/rcoskun.pdf Recensio critica]
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
*Eduardus Everat, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=WR_p29kdtT8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De D.M. Ausonii operibus et genere dicendi]'', Thorin, 1885    '''LATINE'''
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
*	Camille Jullian, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=GUHOAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Ausone et Bordeaux : études sur les derniers temps de la Gaule romaine]'', Burdigalae, 1893
*Anika Lisa Kleinschmidt, ''Ich-Entwürfe in spätantiker Dichtung : Ausonius, Paulinus von Nola und Paulinus von Pella'', Heidelbergae, 2013 [https://de.book-info.com/isbn/3-8253-6121-7.htm]
*Hagith Siwan, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23064230 The Dedicatory Presentation in Late Antiquity: The Example of Ausonius]&quot;, ''Illinois Classical Studies'', 1992: 83-101
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-17T14:55:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
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[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Ausonius Editions'' sibi assumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad historicas aetates paulo posteriores edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).
* Sunt etiam epistulae inter [[Paulinus Nolanus|Paulinum Nolanum]] et Ausonium

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}} [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Textus]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] apud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Alan D. Booth, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1087792 The Academic Career of Ausonius]&quot;, ''Phoenix'', 1982: 329-343 
*Altay Coşkun (ed.), ''Die gens Ausoniana an der Macht. Untersuchungen zu Decimius Magnus Ausonius und seiner Familie'', Oxonii, 2002 [https://www.plekos.uni-muenchen.de/2002/rcoskun.pdf Recensio critica]
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
*Eduardus Everat, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=WR_p29kdtT8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De D.M. Ausonii operibus et genere dicendi]'', Thorin, 1885    '''LATINE'''
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
*	Camille Jullian, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=GUHOAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Ausone et Bordeaux : études sur les derniers temps de la Gaule romaine]'', Burdigalae, 1893
*Anika Lisa Kleinschmidt, ''Ich-Entwürfe in spätantiker Dichtung : Ausonius, Paulinus von Nola und Paulinus von Pella'', Heidelbergae, 2013 [https://de.book-info.com/isbn/3-8253-6121-7.htm]
*Hagith Siwan, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23064230 The Dedicatory Presentation in Late Antiquity: The Example of Ausonius]&quot;, ''Illinois Classical Studies'', 1992: 83-101
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
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      <text bytes="9574" sha1="11onnpzv4f5rmbuse36qss5nhejbitq" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Ausonius Editions'' sibi assumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad historicas aetates paulo posteriores edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).
* Sunt etiam epistulae inter [[Paulinus Nolanus|Paulinum Nolanum]] et Ausonium

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}}; [https://digital.bms.rs/ebiblioteka/webroot/index.php?url=publications/view/2455 Textus apud Serbos]; [https://rbdigital.realbiblioteca.es/s/realbiblioteca/item/1231 apud Hispanos]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] apud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Alan D. Booth, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1087792 The Academic Career of Ausonius]&quot;, ''Phoenix'', 1982: 329-343 
*Altay Coşkun (ed.), ''Die gens Ausoniana an der Macht. Untersuchungen zu Decimius Magnus Ausonius und seiner Familie'', Oxonii, 2002 [https://www.plekos.uni-muenchen.de/2002/rcoskun.pdf Recensio critica]
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
*Eduardus Everat, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=WR_p29kdtT8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De D.M. Ausonii operibus et genere dicendi]'', Thorin, 1885    '''LATINE'''
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
*	Camille Jullian, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=GUHOAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Ausone et Bordeaux : études sur les derniers temps de la Gaule romaine]'', Burdigalae, 1893
*Anika Lisa Kleinschmidt, ''Ich-Entwürfe in spätantiker Dichtung : Ausonius, Paulinus von Nola und Paulinus von Pella'', Heidelbergae, 2013 [https://de.book-info.com/isbn/3-8253-6121-7.htm]
*Hagith Siwan, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23064230 The Dedicatory Presentation in Late Antiquity: The Example of Ausonius]&quot;, ''Illinois Classical Studies'', 1992: 83-101
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''

{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
      <sha1>11onnpzv4f5rmbuse36qss5nhejbitq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965351</id>
      <parentid>3965350</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T20:13:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Nexus externi */</comment>
      <origin>3965351</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9726" sha1="ithnkvamnm2azi8f1tfdoyoddepedes" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Ausonius Editions'' sibi assumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad historicas aetates paulo posteriores edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).
* Sunt etiam epistulae inter [[Paulinus Nolanus|Paulinum Nolanum]] et Ausonium

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}}; [https://digital.bms.rs/ebiblioteka/webroot/index.php?url=publications/view/2455 Textus apud Serbos]; [https://rbdigital.realbiblioteca.es/s/realbiblioteca/item/1231 apud Hispanos]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] apud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Alan D. Booth, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1087792 The Academic Career of Ausonius]&quot;, ''Phoenix'', 1982: 329-343 
*Altay Coşkun (ed.), ''Die gens Ausoniana an der Macht. Untersuchungen zu Decimius Magnus Ausonius und seiner Familie'', Oxonii, 2002 [https://www.plekos.uni-muenchen.de/2002/rcoskun.pdf Recensio critica]
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
*Eduardus Everat, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=WR_p29kdtT8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De D.M. Ausonii operibus et genere dicendi]'', Thorin, 1885    '''LATINE'''
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
*	Camille Jullian, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=GUHOAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Ausone et Bordeaux : études sur les derniers temps de la Gaule romaine]'', Burdigalae, 1893
*Anika Lisa Kleinschmidt, ''Ich-Entwürfe in spätantiker Dichtung : Ausonius, Paulinus von Nola und Paulinus von Pella'', Heidelbergae, 2013 [https://de.book-info.com/isbn/3-8253-6121-7.htm]
*Hagith Siwan, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23064230 The Dedicatory Presentation in Late Antiquity: The Example of Ausonius]&quot;, ''Illinois Classical Studies'', 1992: 83-101
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''
* [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Manuscriptum Vaticanum Barb.Lat.150] (opera selecta Ausonii)


{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
      <sha1>ithnkvamnm2azi8f1tfdoyoddepedes</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965352</id>
      <parentid>3965351</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T20:18:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Bibliographia */</comment>
      <origin>3965352</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9761" sha1="0sowb5irlbqnbxg2gckv62deu2zs5j7" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:IMG 3148 Giovan Pietro Lasagna, Monumento a Decimo Magno Ausonio - Milano, Scuole palatine - Foto G. Dall'Orto, 3-gen-2006.jpg|thumb]]

{{res|Decimus Magnus Ausonius}} poeta Gallo-Romanus fuit qui circa annum [[310]] [[Cossio|Cossione]] (Francogallice ''Bazas'') haud procul a [[Burdigala]] natus est et circa annum [[393]] ibidem mortuus est. [[Gratianus|Gratianum]] autem principem, cum puer erat, instituit, eique postea rem publicam gerenti adfuit. 

== De vita ==
Pater eius medicus humili genere natus, mater autem honesto loco nata erat. Ausonius primo Burdigalae, deinde [[Tolosa|Tolosae]] apud Arborium avunculum [[Grammatica|grammaticae]] et [[Ars rhetorica|arti rhetoricae]] studuit, antequam in urbem patris reverteret. Ibi per tria decennia grammaticus et rhetor fuit; in numero discipulorum eius et ille praeclarus [[Paulinus Nolanus|Pontius Paulinus]] [[episcopus]] [[Nola|Nolanus]] fuit. Circa annum trecentesimum sexagesimum quintum imperator [[Valentinianus I]] eum praeceptorem Gratiani filii [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]] arcessivit. Quo auctore postea [[Praefectura Galliarum|praefecturam Galliae]] et [[Consul|consulatum]] anno [[379]] adeptus est, postquam Valentiniano adhuc vivente [[comes]] et [[quaestor sacri palatii]] factus est. Fertur Ausonius post annum trecentesimum nonagesimum tertium de vita decessisse.

== De operibus ==
Cuius opera, quae ipse opuscula appellavit, sunt omnia divisa in partes tres. Quarum una, quae personalis dicitur, et Praefatiunculas et Gratiarum actionem et Parentalia et alia opera continet; altera, quae scholastica-historica nominatur, et Ordinem urbium nobilium et Fastos et Eclogas et alia complectitur; ad tertiam autem, quae artificiosa vocatur, et Cento nuptialis et Cupido cruciatus et liber praeclarus, qui ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' inscriptus est, et alia pertinent.
Amicus erat [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] qui antiquos deos colere perstabat. Anno [[371]] Mosellam flumen et Bissulam puellam [[Alamanni|Alamannicam]] cecinit eodemque in cantu viam inter [[Bingium]] et Augustam Treverorum descripsit qua anno [[368]] vectus erat. Haec via hodie [[via Ausoniana]] vocatur. Ad viam oppida [[Belginum]] et [[Dumnissus]] sunt.

== Varia ==
Anno [[1995]] nova societas editoria prope Burdigalam sedens in poetae honorem antiqui nomen ''Ausonius Editions'' sibi assumpsit. Libros eruditos ad antiquitatem spectantes aut etiam ad historicas aetates paulo posteriores edere solet&lt;ref&gt;[https://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/fr/content/4-qui-sommes-nous Pagina interretialis]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Fontes antiqui ==
Praeter auctoris opera etiam habes:
*[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' I.13-43 (epistulae ad Ausonium praeter XXXII quae ab Ausonio scripta est).
* Sunt etiam epistulae inter [[Paulinus Nolanus|Paulinum Nolanum]] et Ausonium

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones
* 1496 : ''Ausonii Peonii poetae disertissimi epigrammata''. Venetiis: {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Tacuinus||it|qid=Q3768197}}; [https://digital.bms.rs/ebiblioteka/webroot/index.php?url=publications/view/2455 Textus apud Serbos] (imprime &quot;Прелистајте&quot;); [https://rbdigital.realbiblioteca.es/s/realbiblioteca/item/1231 apud Hispanos]
* 1511 : ''Ausonii opera diligentius castigata et in meliorem ordinem per quinque tomos restituta''.  Lutetiae Parisiorum ex aedibus Ascensianis [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k71901g/f2.image Textus] apud ''Gallica''
* 1517 : ''Ausonius''. Venetiis: in aedibus Aldi et Andreae soceri [https://web.archive.org/web/20181002142717/http://1886.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/items/show/71959 Textus] exemplaris olim ad [[Michael Montanus|Michaelem Montanum]] pertinentis
* 1523 : ''Decii Ausonii Burdigalensis viri consularis varia opuscula diligenter recognita''. Basileae: apud Valentinum Curionem [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/14227814 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1575 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], ed., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdigalensis ... Opera in meliorem ordinem digesta. Recognita sunt à Josepho Scaligero''. Lugduni: apud Gryphium [http://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100392567# Textus]
* 1608 : [[Iosephus Iustus Scaliger]], [[Elias Vinetus]], edd., ''D. Magni Ausonii Burdig. viri consularis Opera''. Genavae: typis Jacobi Stoer [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_r/content/titleinfo/16295765 Textus] apud ''e-Rara''
* 1921 : Hugh G. Evelyn White, ed. et interpr., ''Ausonius''. 2 voll. Londinii: Heinemann (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') [https://archive.org/details/L096AusoniusI17 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/L115AusoniusII1820PaulinusPellaeusEucharisticus vol. 2]
* 1935 : Max Jasinski, ed. et interpr., ''Ausone: œuvres en vers et en prose''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Garnier
* 1991 : R. P. H. Green, ed., ''The Works of Ausonius''. Oxonii: Clarendon Press 

; Eruditio
*Alan D. Booth, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1087792 The Academic Career of Ausonius]&quot;, ''Phoenix'', 1982: 329-343 
*Altay Coşkun (ed.), ''Die gens Ausoniana an der Macht. Untersuchungen zu Decimius Magnus Ausonius und seiner Familie'', Oxonii, 2002 [https://www.plekos.uni-muenchen.de/2002/rcoskun.pdf Recensio critica]
*Robert Étienne, &quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/anami_0003-4398_1978_num_90_138_1723 Ausone et la forêt]&quot;, ''Annales du Midi'', 1978: 251-255
*Eduardus Everat, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=WR_p29kdtT8C&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false De D.M. Ausonii operibus et genere dicendi]'', Thorin, 1885    '''LATINE'''
*Garambois-Vasquez F., ''Natura delectat : ars et natura dans la création poétique d’Ausone'', Saint‑Étienne : Publications de l’Université de Saint-Étienne, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_2020_num_122_1_6952_t13_0368_0000_1 Recensio critica]
** &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/viatica/?id=2039 Le voyage chez Ausone, de la Moselle à l’Ordo Vrbium Nobilium]&quot;, Viatica, 2021
** «[https://books.openedition.org/momeditions/16915 La uarietas stylistique d’Ausone : l’exemple du grec dans quelques épigrammes] » in ''Stylistique et poétique de l’épigramme latine'', MOM Éditions, 2022: 157-164
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Hunink
	| nomen auctoris = Vincentius
	| cognomen redactoris 1 =  Orbán
	| nomen redactoris 1 =  Árpád Peter
	| cognomen redactoris 2 =  van der Poel
	| nomen redactoris 2 =  Marcus Gerardus Maria
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = The fish catalogue in Ausonius' Mosella: literary backgrounds of Mos. 75-149
	| contextus = Ad litteras. Latin studies in honour of J.H. Brouwers
	| annus = 2001
	| domus editoria = Nijmegen University Press
	| isbn = 9789037305739
	| url = https://www.vincenthunink.nl/documents/ausonius_fish.htm
	| salus url = obiit
	| retrospectio = 20160511125939
}}
*A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/140/mode/2up pp.140-1]
*	Camille Jullian, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=GUHOAAAAMAAJ&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;hl=fr&amp;source=gbs_ViewAPI&amp;redir_esc=y#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Ausone et Bordeaux : études sur les derniers temps de la Gaule romaine]'', Burdigalae, 1893
*Anika Lisa Kleinschmidt, ''Ich-Entwürfe in spätantiker Dichtung : Ausonius, Paulinus von Nola und Paulinus von Pella'', Heidelbergae, 2013 [https://de.book-info.com/isbn/3-8253-6121-7.htm]
*Hagith Siwan, &quot;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23064230 The Dedicatory Presentation in Late Antiquity: The Example of Ausonius]&quot;, ''Illinois Classical Studies'', 1992: 83-101
* Charles-Marie Ternes,	&quot;[https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1986_num_130_1_14356 La sagesse grecque dans l’œuvre d'Ausone]&quot;, ''Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres'', 1986: 147-161
*Étienne Wolff, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/ausonius/27114 Les problèmes de la traduction des textes plurilingues : l’exemple du poète Ausone]&quot;, in ''Les jeux sur les mots, les lettres et les sons dans les textes latins'', Ausonius, 2023: 287-295
** ''Ausone en 2015, Bilan et nouvelles perspectives'', Turnhout, Brepols, 2018 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/vita_0042-7306_2020_num_200_1_2040_t15_0228_0000_2 Recensio critica]
** (cur.) ''La réception d'Ausone dans les littératures européennes'', Burdigalae, Ausonius, 2019 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2020/2020.07.46/ Recensio critica]
*Lionel Yaceczko, ''Ausonius grammaticus : the christening of philology in the late Roman West'', Gorgias Press, 2021

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_intr.html Opera pauca] apud ''Bibliothecam Augustanam''
* [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/ausonius.html Opera pauciora] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]''
* [https://portail.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/mdata5cfff4dae0dcc11f15c07dff2e4d326fb95cf2d6 Manuscriptum Vaticanum Barb.Lat.150] (opera selecta Ausonii)


{{Index consulum sub principatu electorum|
praedecessores=[[Valens|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valens Augustus]] VI et [[Valentinianus II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Valentinianus Augustus]] II|
annus= 379&lt;br /&gt;cum&lt;br /&gt;[[Quintus Clodius Hermogenianus Olybrius|Quinto Clodio Hermogeniano Olybrio]]|
successores=[[Gratianus|Imp. Caesar Flavius Gratianus Augustus]] V et [[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]]}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ausonius, Decimus Magnus}}
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Galliae]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Romae antiquae]]
[[Categoria:Decimus Magnus Ausonius]]</text>
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    <title>Meleagris gallopavo</title>
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{{Taxobox
| name = ''Meleagris gallopavo''
| status = LC 
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_ref =&lt;ref&gt;''IUCN Red List''&lt;/ref&gt;
| image = Gall-dindi.jpg
| image_width = 240px
| image_caption = ''[[Meleagris gallopavo]]'' mas
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Aves]]
| ordo = [[Galliformes]]
| familia = [[Phasianidae]]
| tribus = [[Meleagridini]]
| genus = ''[[Meleagris (genus)|Meleagris]]''
| species = '''''M. gallopavo'''''
| binomial = ''Meleagris gallopavo''
| binomial_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[1758]]
}}
'''''Meleagris gallopavo''''' ([[binomen]] a [[Carolus Linnaeus|Carolo Linnaeo]] anno [[1758]] statutum) est una ex duabus magnarum [[avis|avium]] [[species]] [[genus (taxinomia)|generis]] ''[[Meleagris (genus)|Meleagridum]]''. Quae species, in [[silva|silvis]] [[America Septentrionalis|Americae Septentrionalis]] [[endemismus|endemica]], in [[Mexicum|Mexico]] abhinc 1&amp;nbsp;500 annis (vel pluribus) domesticata est. Nomen Latinum '''Indicus pavo''' semel reperitur.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Indicos pavones seu Galli-pavos&quot;: [[Theodorus de Bry]], ''[[America (de Bry)|Brevis narratio eorum quae in Florida Americae provincia Gallis acciderunt ... Americae pars secunda]]'' (Francoforti ad Moenum, 1591) [https://archive.org/stream/brevisnarratio00debry#page/n57/mode/2up tabula 5]&lt;/ref&gt;

Altera species, ''[[Meleagris ocellata]],'' in silvis [[Iucatania|paeninsulae Iucataniae]] habitat.

==Proprietates anatomicae gallopavonis==
Gallopavo mas habet carunculam dependentem de rostro.  Membrum, nomine Anglico &quot;Snood,&quot; adhibetur cum gallopavo petat coniugem.  Animal aliam carunculam in collo habet, nomine Anglico, &quot;Wattle&quot; et &quot;barbam&quot; crescentem ex pectore.  Munus barbae incertus est.

== De gastronomia ==
{{Vide-etiam|Gallopavonina}}
Inter fercula [[gallopavonina]] celebriora sunt illa quae in [[civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] ad epulum [[Festum Gratias Agendi|Festi Gratias Agendi]], in [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannia]] ad [[Christi Nativitas|Christi Nativitatem]] inferuntur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
; Fontes antiquiores
* ante 1542 : ''[[Codex Mendoza]]'' (liber pictus, c. 1534/1542) ff. 61r, 68r; cf. Frances Berdan, Patricia Anawalt, ''The Essential Codex Mendoza'' (Berkeleiae, 1997) pp. 169, 218
* 1599-1603 : [[Ulysses Aldrovandus]], ''Ornithologiae libri XII'' (Bononiae 1599-1603) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063814/http://amshistorica.cib.unibo.it/diglib.php?inv=26 textus vol. 1] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110115062959/http://amshistorica.cib.unibo.it/diglib.php?inv=33 vol. 2] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110115065548/http://amshistorica.cib.unibo.it/diglib.php?inv=34 vol. 3] (citatio verificanda)

; Eruditio recentior
* [[Sophia Coe|Sophie D. Coe]], ''America's First Cuisines'' (Austinopoli: University of Texas Press, 1994) [https://archive.org/details/americasfirstcui00coes/page/96/mode/2up pp. 96, 124-125]
* David Gentilcore, ''Food and Health in Early Modern Europe: diet, medicine and society, 1450–1800'' (Londinii: Bloomsbury, 2016) pp. 139-144
* Heather A. Lapham, Gary M. Feinman, Linda M. Nicholas, &quot;[https://www.academia.edu/26906328/Turkey_husbandry_and_use_in_Oaxaca_Mexico_A_contextual_study_of_turkey_remains_and_SEM_analysis_of_eggshell_from_the_Mitla_Fortress_Heather_A._Lapham_Gary_M._Feinman_and_Linda_M._Nicholas_2016_ Turkey husbandry and use in Oaxaca, Mexico: A contextual study of turkey remains and SEM analysis of eggshell from the Mitla Fortress]&quot; in ''Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports'' vol. 10 (2016) pp. 534-546 [https://phys.org/news/2016-11-archaeological-excavation-unearths-evidence-turkey.html Epitome]
* Aurelie Manin et al., &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180122173225/http://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/5/1/171613 Diversity of management strategies in Mesoamerican turkeys: archaeological, isotopic and genetic evidence]&quot; in ''Royal Society Open Science'' (17 Ianuarii 2018)

== Nexus externi ==
[[Fasciculus:Female wild turkeys.jpg|thumb|''Meleagrides gallopavones'' feminae]]
[[Fasciculus:Meleagris gallopavo 01.jpg|200px|thumb|''Meleagris gallopavo'' [[hiems|hieme]] in [[Ontario]]ne [[Canada]]e]]
{{CommuniaCat}}
{{Vicispecies}}
{{Fontes biologici}}
* &quot;[https://phys.org/news/2017-12-bones-exeter-street-turkey-dinner.html Are bones discovered under an Exeter street from the first turkey dinner in England?]&quot; (19 Decembris 2017) apud ''Phys.org''

[[Categoria:Species animalium]]
[[Categoria:Meleagris]]
[[Categoria:Aves Americae Septentrionalis]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1758]]</text>
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-- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:42, 24 Maii 2007 (UTC)

==Flamen==
Xaverius Marco s.p.d. Wonderful article on [[flamen]]es! Thanks for it! I must say it has been very useful for an essay I had to write last week!--[[Usor:Xaverius|Xaverius]] 10:43, 24 Octobris 2007 (UTC)

==Interrupi?==
Si opus tuum optimum de Ser. Sulpicio Rufo interrupi, da veniam! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:16, 2 Aprilis 2008 (UTC)

==Categoria:Gentes Romanae==
Xaverius Marco s.p.d. Nunc habemus categorias de gentibus Romanis ([[:categoria:Gentes Romanae]]) atque indicem gentium Romanarum ([[gentes Romanae]]). Te peto, categoriam novam de gente romani quoque facias cum paginam novam de viro romano scribeas. Gratias ago, vale!--[[Usor:Xaverius|Xaverius]] 10:05, 27 Octobris 2008 (UTC)

==De vicipaedia nostra==
Xaverius Marco s. p. d. Fortasse, care Marce, hanc rem legere velis [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Proposal_to_close_Latin_Wikipedia]]--[[User:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Xave&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;ri&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;us&lt;/span&gt;]] 10:31, 2 Februarii 2009 (UTC)

== Erravi? ==
Salve, Marce! An recte [[Phaeton]] ad [[Phaëthon]] movi? Si erravi, explica mihi s.t.p. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:47, 25 Martii 2009 (UTC)
:Immo recte  fecisti, Andrew. Sic propius est orthographiae Graecae. Ego littera ë, cum quidem latine scribo, non utor, sed usum latinitatis antiquae sequor nec multum refert. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] 14:59, 26 Martii 2009 (UTC)
::Gratias ago, mi Marce. Et ego a diaeresi libenter abstineo ... sed rationem normatis Vicipaediani intellego. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:00, 27 Martii 2009 (UTC)

== Diana ==
Salve bene, Marce! Spero tibi placere paginam [[Diana]], quam tu (cum aliis) melioravisti, paginam nostram mensis Augusti esse. Pauca addidi ego de Diana temporibus recentioribus &quot;rediviva&quot;. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:59, 2 Augusti 2009 (UTC)

== Auxilium ==
Salve, Marce! Come posso inserire un'immagine che non è presente su Commons? --[[Usor:MarcusXC|MarcusXC]] 15:49, 28 Septembris 2009 (UTC)

== De Iano==
Xaverius Marco, s.p.d. Merry belated Christmas! Your page [[Ianus]] is proposed for [[VP:PM|pagina mensis]] for January. You may want to make further additions, check references or add more pictures before January. --[[User:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Xave&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;ri&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;us&lt;/span&gt;]] 23:52, 28 Decembris 2009 (UTC)

== De Carmenta/Carmentis ==
Salve optime, Marce. Spero tibi non displicere id quod addidi in paginas [[Carmenta]] et [[Carmentalia]]. Volui enim paginas breves de [[Porrima]] et [[Postverta]] creare; ob quam rem textum leviter modificavi citationesque addidi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:29, 18 Februarii 2010 (UTC)

== Sestertius? ==

Explica mutationes tuas. Accusativi iam tempore usus in animo habeo mutationes revocare. Vale. --[[Usor:Nicolaus Augurinus|Nicolaus Augurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Nicolaus Augurinus|disputatio]]) 14:40, 2 Februarii 2013 (UTC)

== CIL ==
Gaude, mi Marce! Formulam sicut apud Theodiscos stetit ad Vicipaediam nostram accommodavi. (Tempta, et si aliquid male agit, dic mihi.) Vale optime ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:36, 3 Octobris 2013 (UTC)

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== Pagina mensis ==
Salve, Marce. Nemo paginam mensis Decembris usque adhuc proposuit. Nisi vetas, [[Historiae (Polybius)]] promovebo! Quid dicis? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:21, 29 Novembris 2015 (UTC)

Salve Andrea,
Gratias tibi ago de iudicio quia opinionem tuam semper magni facio. Pagina fortasse hodie adhuc paulum elaborabitur, deinde ad aliam rem transibo. Ad usum Vicipaedianorum (et aliorum) scripta est : ea uti potes ut tibi videtur...
[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:15, 30 Novembris 2015 (UTC)
:Bene! Gratias ago et ego. Vidi etiam ''Antiquitates Romanas'' Dionysii inter paginas tuas recentes, sed opus Polybii apud historiographos celebratiorem praetuli. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:26, 30 Novembris 2015 (UTC)

{{Iubilaeum Vicipaedianorum}} [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:51, 1 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC)

== De Sole ==
Vide, mi Marce, id quod nuper addidi sub rubrica [[Phaëthon]]tis. Quam rem brevissimam si augere, corrigere, aut movere tibi placeat, fac! Salve optime [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:38, 1 Iunii 2016 (UTC)

Optime fecisti, mi Andrea. Apud poetas etenim mythologia diverse tractatur, ne de poetica licentia disseram...
[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 08:50, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC)

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[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]]

== Communitas Europaea Alsatiae ==

Salut,

J'ai vu ta page &quot;[[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae]]. Sur Vicipaedia, les &quot;collectivités d'outre-mer&quot; sont denvues les &quot;[[Collectivitas Transmarina Francica|collectivitates transmarinae]]&quot;. Donc, je me demande pourquoi tout d'un coup &quot;communitas&quot; pour &quot;collectivité&quot;; j'aurais écrit &quot;[[Collectivitas Europaea Alsatiae]]&quot;. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 17:52, 3 Novembris 2021 (UTC)

Salut Sigur,
la raison en est simple et tient à mon goût pour le latin cicéronienː &quot;collectivitas&quot; est absent du Gaffiot, tandis que &quot;communitas&quot; est attesté chez Cicéron. En réalité  pour bien faire et suivre l'usage antique il faudrait employer &quot;commune&quot; comme dans &quot;commune Asiae&quot; mais alors la confusion avec la commune deviendrait très problématique. C'est le problème de se référer à une langue d'une époque révolue alors que les réalités changent sans cesse dans le temps et l'espace. Quant au problème de cohérence interne à l'intérieur de Vicipaedia il relèverait d'un éventuel coordinateur (administrateur ?). Il est sûr que de coller à l'expression moderne présente aussi bien des avantages.

--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 12:09, 4 Novembris 2021 (UTC)

== Si placitum tuum dare cupis ... ==
... i ad Tabernam, mi Marce, et ad ultimam quaestionem aut &quot;sic&quot; aut &quot;non&quot; subscribe! (&quot;Sic&quot; praefero, sed Vicipaediani semper liberi erunt.) Salve optime -- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:53, 5 Octobris 2022 (UTC)

== Si tibi placet ==
Salve Marce! Tibi scribo quia te proponere velim candidatum magistratūs. Accipiasne officium si [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus|suffragium]] paro? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:57, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

Salve Grufo! Tibi gratias ago ob testimonium. Nescio quid respondeam. Linguam Latinam quidem amo sed earum rerum quibus tu excellis omnino ignarus sum, hoc est arcanorum Vicipaedianorum et in primis informaticorum. Praeterea patientiam Andreae Dalby erga usores non Latine scribentes aut alias res proposito nostro parum utiles facientes multum admiror. Nescio an mihi libeat cum talibus usoribus tempus terere. Quid a me exspectabis si magistratus fuero? Quid facere oportebit quod nondum faciam?
--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:15, 12 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
: Gratias tibi ago ob tuum responsum, Marce. Cuicumque usori non necesse est magistratui fieri ut ad ista arcana accedat, at arcana Vicipaediae non sunt primi fines magistratuum. Magistratus illi sunt “certissimi, humanissimi, patientissimi” qui “Latinitate optima” scribunt et “Vicipaediae Latinae experti” sunt. Haec per omnia credo te validum esse candidatum. Longum tempus hic fuisti auctor optima Latinitate, et patientia non est tantummodo barbarice cum aliis usoribus interloqui. Nihil a te exspecto si magistratus fis, haec est agnitio tantum adiutūs tui. Non multae potestates mirae sunt magistratibus quae iam omni Vicipaediano non sint. Maxima quidem potestas est auctoritas Vicipaediae ad maiora ducendi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:11, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
 
O.K. Grufo si ita tibi videtur, consentio. Quod bonum faustum felix fortunatumque Vicipaediae Latinae nostrae sit, ut dicebant antiqui.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 17:15, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

: Euax! :-) Da mihi breve tempus et petitionem parabo! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:26, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

{{Ast}}

Salve Marce! Te [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus/Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|proposui]] magistratum Vicipaediae! Responsum in pagina petitionis tibi scribendum est. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 09:11, 15 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
: Tibi gratulor, Marce, postremo magistratus factus es! Si quid de novis potestatibus quaerere vis, semper mihi scribere potes! Si tibi placet, adde novam formulam {{Fn|Magistratus sum}} tuae paginae usoris. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:37, 23 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

== Gratulatio tardipedis ==
Marce Terenti, valde doleo, quia per imprudentiam petitionem tuam praeterii. Ego quoque quam libentissime te magistratum proposuissem, nisi nimis tarde huc venissem. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 20:15, 22 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

Ne nimis doleas, Neander. Veniam iam impetrasti. Talia solent fieri  et gaudeo quod  illo honore me dignum iudices. --[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 20:32, 22 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

== Tyrannicida, non tyrannus laudatus ==

Da veniam care Marce,
ego putavi, quod &quot;Tyrannicidium&quot; sit titulus poematis et Gulielmus Auriacus ille &quot;tyrannus&quot; interfectus. 
Mallem me olim in schola attentiorem fuisse.
Fortasse signa &quot; &quot; signis ' ' circa tyrannicidium clariora essent? Sed usum illorum signorum in lingua et Vicipaedia Latina haud bene novi.18:30, 13 Novembris 2024 (UTC) [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 18:30, 13 Novembris 2024 (UTC)


Veniam habes. Errare humanum est et homo sum... Signis utcumque mavis utere.
--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 19:15, 13 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

== Thank you for being a medical contributors! ==

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== Article request ==
''[request forwarded from another user]''

Hello. I would want to ask you to create a page for Peshkopi: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshkopi and the title to be ''Penestae'' in Latin, which this city was called so in Latin during the earliest times.

The sources that confirm this name in Latin are:

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe)

https://tropki.com/albania/diber-county/peshkopi

and some other sources.

I would be very grateful if you create the page for Peshkopi (Penestae) on Latin Wiki. Then add the page to Wikidata (https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223154#sitelinks-wikipedia)

Please also include some history, geography, demographic details and political section about the city.

Use also some photos like:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia_from_the_air.jpg

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopi_from_the_road_into_dobrove.jpg

[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia,_Albania_%E2%80%93_Palace_of_Culture.jpg https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia,_Albania_–_Palace_of_Culture.jpg]

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dibra.jpg

https://zh-yue.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia-HDR.jpg


[[Specialis:Conlationes/89.231.40.19|89.231.40.19]] 16:59, 22 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:I'm sorry but I only write articles about subjects I'm interested in and know something about. I think it best so tam for the quality of the articles quam for the pleasure one must have while working on Vicipaedia (otherwise he goes away). But don't worry! I'm sure the day will come when there is an excellent article about Peshkopi on Vicipaedia: in Albania quoque non desunt optimi Latinistae! [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 13:30, 24 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Schola evangelica (Smyrna) ==

Hello, Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus.

Please correct the [[Schola evangelica (Smyrna)]] article. The school was not destroyed or even damaged in 1922. The building is intact. The Greek school closed after the flight of all Greeks from Izmir in 1922. It was reopened as a Turkish school in 1924 called ([[:en:Namık Kemal High School]]/[[:tr:Namık Kemal Lisesi (İzmir)]]. Please correct the article and rewrite the ultimate fate of this school. 

Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-67404-5|&amp;#126;2025-67404-5]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-67404-5|talk]]) 21:08, 20 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

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== De Ammiano ==

Salve, mi Marce. Paginas ''Rerum Gestarum'' et [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] denuo contribui. Ex opere tuo omnia servare conatus sum. Si aliquid corrigere necesse est, aut corrige (si vis) aut dic mihi quomodo erravi! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:07, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

Salve mi Andrea. Tibi gratias ago de scrupulo nec tamen dubito quin optime omnia feceris. Si quondam aliquid invenero te certiorem faciam. Vale--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:08, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== De Ausonio ==
Sine cura edidi: fortasse laborem tuum de Ausonio interrupi. Da veniam. Insuper nexum inserui non ad editionem 1496 (ut credidi), sed ad librum manuscriptum Vaticanum aliquem. Verum nexum iam addere possum. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:11, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>a654kh7koyzydlmklx8vtc1joxyky96</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965313</id>
      <parentid>3965309</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T14:28:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De Ausonio */</comment>
      <origin>3965313</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28212" sha1="77hcttq18x34422ymjmk6ne861j5h81" xml:space="preserve">{{Salve|Marce}}
-- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:42, 24 Maii 2007 (UTC)

==Flamen==
Xaverius Marco s.p.d. Wonderful article on [[flamen]]es! Thanks for it! I must say it has been very useful for an essay I had to write last week!--[[Usor:Xaverius|Xaverius]] 10:43, 24 Octobris 2007 (UTC)

==Interrupi?==
Si opus tuum optimum de Ser. Sulpicio Rufo interrupi, da veniam! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:16, 2 Aprilis 2008 (UTC)

==Categoria:Gentes Romanae==
Xaverius Marco s.p.d. Nunc habemus categorias de gentibus Romanis ([[:categoria:Gentes Romanae]]) atque indicem gentium Romanarum ([[gentes Romanae]]). Te peto, categoriam novam de gente romani quoque facias cum paginam novam de viro romano scribeas. Gratias ago, vale!--[[Usor:Xaverius|Xaverius]] 10:05, 27 Octobris 2008 (UTC)

==De vicipaedia nostra==
Xaverius Marco s. p. d. Fortasse, care Marce, hanc rem legere velis [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Proposal_to_close_Latin_Wikipedia]]--[[User:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Xave&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;ri&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;us&lt;/span&gt;]] 10:31, 2 Februarii 2009 (UTC)

== Erravi? ==
Salve, Marce! An recte [[Phaeton]] ad [[Phaëthon]] movi? Si erravi, explica mihi s.t.p. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:47, 25 Martii 2009 (UTC)
:Immo recte  fecisti, Andrew. Sic propius est orthographiae Graecae. Ego littera ë, cum quidem latine scribo, non utor, sed usum latinitatis antiquae sequor nec multum refert. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] 14:59, 26 Martii 2009 (UTC)
::Gratias ago, mi Marce. Et ego a diaeresi libenter abstineo ... sed rationem normatis Vicipaediani intellego. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:00, 27 Martii 2009 (UTC)

== Diana ==
Salve bene, Marce! Spero tibi placere paginam [[Diana]], quam tu (cum aliis) melioravisti, paginam nostram mensis Augusti esse. Pauca addidi ego de Diana temporibus recentioribus &quot;rediviva&quot;. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:59, 2 Augusti 2009 (UTC)

== Auxilium ==
Salve, Marce! Come posso inserire un'immagine che non è presente su Commons? --[[Usor:MarcusXC|MarcusXC]] 15:49, 28 Septembris 2009 (UTC)

== De Iano==
Xaverius Marco, s.p.d. Merry belated Christmas! Your page [[Ianus]] is proposed for [[VP:PM|pagina mensis]] for January. You may want to make further additions, check references or add more pictures before January. --[[User:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Xave&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;ri&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;us&lt;/span&gt;]] 23:52, 28 Decembris 2009 (UTC)

== De Carmenta/Carmentis ==
Salve optime, Marce. Spero tibi non displicere id quod addidi in paginas [[Carmenta]] et [[Carmentalia]]. Volui enim paginas breves de [[Porrima]] et [[Postverta]] creare; ob quam rem textum leviter modificavi citationesque addidi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:29, 18 Februarii 2010 (UTC)

== Sestertius? ==

Explica mutationes tuas. Accusativi iam tempore usus in animo habeo mutationes revocare. Vale. --[[Usor:Nicolaus Augurinus|Nicolaus Augurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Nicolaus Augurinus|disputatio]]) 14:40, 2 Februarii 2013 (UTC)

== CIL ==
Gaude, mi Marce! Formulam sicut apud Theodiscos stetit ad Vicipaediam nostram accommodavi. (Tempta, et si aliquid male agit, dic mihi.) Vale optime ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:36, 3 Octobris 2013 (UTC)

== Translating the interface in your language, we need your help ==

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== Pagina mensis ==
Salve, Marce. Nemo paginam mensis Decembris usque adhuc proposuit. Nisi vetas, [[Historiae (Polybius)]] promovebo! Quid dicis? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:21, 29 Novembris 2015 (UTC)

Salve Andrea,
Gratias tibi ago de iudicio quia opinionem tuam semper magni facio. Pagina fortasse hodie adhuc paulum elaborabitur, deinde ad aliam rem transibo. Ad usum Vicipaedianorum (et aliorum) scripta est : ea uti potes ut tibi videtur...
[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:15, 30 Novembris 2015 (UTC)
:Bene! Gratias ago et ego. Vidi etiam ''Antiquitates Romanas'' Dionysii inter paginas tuas recentes, sed opus Polybii apud historiographos celebratiorem praetuli. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:26, 30 Novembris 2015 (UTC)

{{Iubilaeum Vicipaedianorum}} [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:51, 1 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC)

== De Sole ==
Vide, mi Marce, id quod nuper addidi sub rubrica [[Phaëthon]]tis. Quam rem brevissimam si augere, corrigere, aut movere tibi placeat, fac! Salve optime [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:38, 1 Iunii 2016 (UTC)

Optime fecisti, mi Andrea. Apud poetas etenim mythologia diverse tractatur, ne de poetica licentia disseram...
[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 08:50, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC)

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[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]]

== Communitas Europaea Alsatiae ==

Salut,

J'ai vu ta page &quot;[[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae]]. Sur Vicipaedia, les &quot;collectivités d'outre-mer&quot; sont denvues les &quot;[[Collectivitas Transmarina Francica|collectivitates transmarinae]]&quot;. Donc, je me demande pourquoi tout d'un coup &quot;communitas&quot; pour &quot;collectivité&quot;; j'aurais écrit &quot;[[Collectivitas Europaea Alsatiae]]&quot;. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 17:52, 3 Novembris 2021 (UTC)

Salut Sigur,
la raison en est simple et tient à mon goût pour le latin cicéronienː &quot;collectivitas&quot; est absent du Gaffiot, tandis que &quot;communitas&quot; est attesté chez Cicéron. En réalité  pour bien faire et suivre l'usage antique il faudrait employer &quot;commune&quot; comme dans &quot;commune Asiae&quot; mais alors la confusion avec la commune deviendrait très problématique. C'est le problème de se référer à une langue d'une époque révolue alors que les réalités changent sans cesse dans le temps et l'espace. Quant au problème de cohérence interne à l'intérieur de Vicipaedia il relèverait d'un éventuel coordinateur (administrateur ?). Il est sûr que de coller à l'expression moderne présente aussi bien des avantages.

--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 12:09, 4 Novembris 2021 (UTC)

== Si placitum tuum dare cupis ... ==
... i ad Tabernam, mi Marce, et ad ultimam quaestionem aut &quot;sic&quot; aut &quot;non&quot; subscribe! (&quot;Sic&quot; praefero, sed Vicipaediani semper liberi erunt.) Salve optime -- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:53, 5 Octobris 2022 (UTC)

== Si tibi placet ==
Salve Marce! Tibi scribo quia te proponere velim candidatum magistratūs. Accipiasne officium si [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus|suffragium]] paro? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:57, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

Salve Grufo! Tibi gratias ago ob testimonium. Nescio quid respondeam. Linguam Latinam quidem amo sed earum rerum quibus tu excellis omnino ignarus sum, hoc est arcanorum Vicipaedianorum et in primis informaticorum. Praeterea patientiam Andreae Dalby erga usores non Latine scribentes aut alias res proposito nostro parum utiles facientes multum admiror. Nescio an mihi libeat cum talibus usoribus tempus terere. Quid a me exspectabis si magistratus fuero? Quid facere oportebit quod nondum faciam?
--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:15, 12 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
: Gratias tibi ago ob tuum responsum, Marce. Cuicumque usori non necesse est magistratui fieri ut ad ista arcana accedat, at arcana Vicipaediae non sunt primi fines magistratuum. Magistratus illi sunt “certissimi, humanissimi, patientissimi” qui “Latinitate optima” scribunt et “Vicipaediae Latinae experti” sunt. Haec per omnia credo te validum esse candidatum. Longum tempus hic fuisti auctor optima Latinitate, et patientia non est tantummodo barbarice cum aliis usoribus interloqui. Nihil a te exspecto si magistratus fis, haec est agnitio tantum adiutūs tui. Non multae potestates mirae sunt magistratibus quae iam omni Vicipaediano non sint. Maxima quidem potestas est auctoritas Vicipaediae ad maiora ducendi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:11, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
 
O.K. Grufo si ita tibi videtur, consentio. Quod bonum faustum felix fortunatumque Vicipaediae Latinae nostrae sit, ut dicebant antiqui.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 17:15, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

: Euax! :-) Da mihi breve tempus et petitionem parabo! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:26, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

{{Ast}}

Salve Marce! Te [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus/Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|proposui]] magistratum Vicipaediae! Responsum in pagina petitionis tibi scribendum est. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 09:11, 15 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
: Tibi gratulor, Marce, postremo magistratus factus es! Si quid de novis potestatibus quaerere vis, semper mihi scribere potes! Si tibi placet, adde novam formulam {{Fn|Magistratus sum}} tuae paginae usoris. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:37, 23 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

== Gratulatio tardipedis ==
Marce Terenti, valde doleo, quia per imprudentiam petitionem tuam praeterii. Ego quoque quam libentissime te magistratum proposuissem, nisi nimis tarde huc venissem. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 20:15, 22 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

Ne nimis doleas, Neander. Veniam iam impetrasti. Talia solent fieri  et gaudeo quod  illo honore me dignum iudices. --[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 20:32, 22 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

== Tyrannicida, non tyrannus laudatus ==

Da veniam care Marce,
ego putavi, quod &quot;Tyrannicidium&quot; sit titulus poematis et Gulielmus Auriacus ille &quot;tyrannus&quot; interfectus. 
Mallem me olim in schola attentiorem fuisse.
Fortasse signa &quot; &quot; signis ' ' circa tyrannicidium clariora essent? Sed usum illorum signorum in lingua et Vicipaedia Latina haud bene novi.18:30, 13 Novembris 2024 (UTC) [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 18:30, 13 Novembris 2024 (UTC)


Veniam habes. Errare humanum est et homo sum... Signis utcumque mavis utere.
--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 19:15, 13 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

== Thank you for being a medical contributors! ==

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== Article request ==
''[request forwarded from another user]''

Hello. I would want to ask you to create a page for Peshkopi: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshkopi and the title to be ''Penestae'' in Latin, which this city was called so in Latin during the earliest times.

The sources that confirm this name in Latin are:

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe)

https://tropki.com/albania/diber-county/peshkopi

and some other sources.

I would be very grateful if you create the page for Peshkopi (Penestae) on Latin Wiki. Then add the page to Wikidata (https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223154#sitelinks-wikipedia)

Please also include some history, geography, demographic details and political section about the city.

Use also some photos like:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia_from_the_air.jpg

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopi_from_the_road_into_dobrove.jpg

[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia,_Albania_%E2%80%93_Palace_of_Culture.jpg https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia,_Albania_–_Palace_of_Culture.jpg]

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dibra.jpg

https://zh-yue.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia-HDR.jpg


[[Specialis:Conlationes/89.231.40.19|89.231.40.19]] 16:59, 22 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:I'm sorry but I only write articles about subjects I'm interested in and know something about. I think it best so tam for the quality of the articles quam for the pleasure one must have while working on Vicipaedia (otherwise he goes away). But don't worry! I'm sure the day will come when there is an excellent article about Peshkopi on Vicipaedia: in Albania quoque non desunt optimi Latinistae! [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 13:30, 24 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Schola evangelica (Smyrna) ==

Hello, Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus.

Please correct the [[Schola evangelica (Smyrna)]] article. The school was not destroyed or even damaged in 1922. The building is intact. The Greek school closed after the flight of all Greeks from Izmir in 1922. It was reopened as a Turkish school in 1924 called ([[:en:Namık Kemal High School]]/[[:tr:Namık Kemal Lisesi (İzmir)]]. Please correct the article and rewrite the ultimate fate of this school. 

Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-67404-5|&amp;#126;2025-67404-5]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-67404-5|talk]]) 21:08, 20 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

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Greetings,

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== De Ammiano ==

Salve, mi Marce. Paginas ''Rerum Gestarum'' et [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] denuo contribui. Ex opere tuo omnia servare conatus sum. Si aliquid corrigere necesse est, aut corrige (si vis) aut dic mihi quomodo erravi! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:07, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

Salve mi Andrea. Tibi gratias ago de scrupulo nec tamen dubito quin optime omnia feceris. Si quondam aliquid invenero te certiorem faciam. Vale--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:08, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== De Ausonio ==
Sine cura edidi: fortasse laborem tuum de Ausonio interrupi. Da veniam. Insuper nexum inserui non ad editionem 1496 (ut credidi), sed ad librum manuscriptum Vaticanum aliquem. Verum nexum iam addere possum. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:11, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


Nihil damni. Veniam habes. Vale et nexus ad pulchras manuscriptorum imagines nobis conferre non desine.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 14:28, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>77hcttq18x34422ymjmk6ne861j5h81</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965323</id>
      <parentid>3965313</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T15:57:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De Ausonio */</comment>
      <origin>3965323</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28331" sha1="cn5mpu4enlf9e3ccw13ar86f8q1ayzw" xml:space="preserve">{{Salve|Marce}}
-- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:42, 24 Maii 2007 (UTC)

==Flamen==
Xaverius Marco s.p.d. Wonderful article on [[flamen]]es! Thanks for it! I must say it has been very useful for an essay I had to write last week!--[[Usor:Xaverius|Xaverius]] 10:43, 24 Octobris 2007 (UTC)

==Interrupi?==
Si opus tuum optimum de Ser. Sulpicio Rufo interrupi, da veniam! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:16, 2 Aprilis 2008 (UTC)

==Categoria:Gentes Romanae==
Xaverius Marco s.p.d. Nunc habemus categorias de gentibus Romanis ([[:categoria:Gentes Romanae]]) atque indicem gentium Romanarum ([[gentes Romanae]]). Te peto, categoriam novam de gente romani quoque facias cum paginam novam de viro romano scribeas. Gratias ago, vale!--[[Usor:Xaverius|Xaverius]] 10:05, 27 Octobris 2008 (UTC)

==De vicipaedia nostra==
Xaverius Marco s. p. d. Fortasse, care Marce, hanc rem legere velis [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Proposal_to_close_Latin_Wikipedia]]--[[User:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Xave&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;ri&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;us&lt;/span&gt;]] 10:31, 2 Februarii 2009 (UTC)

== Erravi? ==
Salve, Marce! An recte [[Phaeton]] ad [[Phaëthon]] movi? Si erravi, explica mihi s.t.p. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:47, 25 Martii 2009 (UTC)
:Immo recte  fecisti, Andrew. Sic propius est orthographiae Graecae. Ego littera ë, cum quidem latine scribo, non utor, sed usum latinitatis antiquae sequor nec multum refert. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] 14:59, 26 Martii 2009 (UTC)
::Gratias ago, mi Marce. Et ego a diaeresi libenter abstineo ... sed rationem normatis Vicipaediani intellego. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:00, 27 Martii 2009 (UTC)

== Diana ==
Salve bene, Marce! Spero tibi placere paginam [[Diana]], quam tu (cum aliis) melioravisti, paginam nostram mensis Augusti esse. Pauca addidi ego de Diana temporibus recentioribus &quot;rediviva&quot;. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:59, 2 Augusti 2009 (UTC)

== Auxilium ==
Salve, Marce! Come posso inserire un'immagine che non è presente su Commons? --[[Usor:MarcusXC|MarcusXC]] 15:49, 28 Septembris 2009 (UTC)

== De Iano==
Xaverius Marco, s.p.d. Merry belated Christmas! Your page [[Ianus]] is proposed for [[VP:PM|pagina mensis]] for January. You may want to make further additions, check references or add more pictures before January. --[[User:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Xave&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;ri&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;us&lt;/span&gt;]] 23:52, 28 Decembris 2009 (UTC)

== De Carmenta/Carmentis ==
Salve optime, Marce. Spero tibi non displicere id quod addidi in paginas [[Carmenta]] et [[Carmentalia]]. Volui enim paginas breves de [[Porrima]] et [[Postverta]] creare; ob quam rem textum leviter modificavi citationesque addidi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:29, 18 Februarii 2010 (UTC)

== Sestertius? ==

Explica mutationes tuas. Accusativi iam tempore usus in animo habeo mutationes revocare. Vale. --[[Usor:Nicolaus Augurinus|Nicolaus Augurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Nicolaus Augurinus|disputatio]]) 14:40, 2 Februarii 2013 (UTC)

== CIL ==
Gaude, mi Marce! Formulam sicut apud Theodiscos stetit ad Vicipaediam nostram accommodavi. (Tempta, et si aliquid male agit, dic mihi.) Vale optime ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:36, 3 Octobris 2013 (UTC)

== Translating the interface in your language, we need your help ==

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== Pagina mensis ==
Salve, Marce. Nemo paginam mensis Decembris usque adhuc proposuit. Nisi vetas, [[Historiae (Polybius)]] promovebo! Quid dicis? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:21, 29 Novembris 2015 (UTC)

Salve Andrea,
Gratias tibi ago de iudicio quia opinionem tuam semper magni facio. Pagina fortasse hodie adhuc paulum elaborabitur, deinde ad aliam rem transibo. Ad usum Vicipaedianorum (et aliorum) scripta est : ea uti potes ut tibi videtur...
[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:15, 30 Novembris 2015 (UTC)
:Bene! Gratias ago et ego. Vidi etiam ''Antiquitates Romanas'' Dionysii inter paginas tuas recentes, sed opus Polybii apud historiographos celebratiorem praetuli. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:26, 30 Novembris 2015 (UTC)

{{Iubilaeum Vicipaedianorum}} [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:51, 1 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC)

== De Sole ==
Vide, mi Marce, id quod nuper addidi sub rubrica [[Phaëthon]]tis. Quam rem brevissimam si augere, corrigere, aut movere tibi placeat, fac! Salve optime [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:38, 1 Iunii 2016 (UTC)

Optime fecisti, mi Andrea. Apud poetas etenim mythologia diverse tractatur, ne de poetica licentia disseram...
[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 08:50, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC)

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[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]]

== Communitas Europaea Alsatiae ==

Salut,

J'ai vu ta page &quot;[[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae]]. Sur Vicipaedia, les &quot;collectivités d'outre-mer&quot; sont denvues les &quot;[[Collectivitas Transmarina Francica|collectivitates transmarinae]]&quot;. Donc, je me demande pourquoi tout d'un coup &quot;communitas&quot; pour &quot;collectivité&quot;; j'aurais écrit &quot;[[Collectivitas Europaea Alsatiae]]&quot;. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 17:52, 3 Novembris 2021 (UTC)

Salut Sigur,
la raison en est simple et tient à mon goût pour le latin cicéronienː &quot;collectivitas&quot; est absent du Gaffiot, tandis que &quot;communitas&quot; est attesté chez Cicéron. En réalité  pour bien faire et suivre l'usage antique il faudrait employer &quot;commune&quot; comme dans &quot;commune Asiae&quot; mais alors la confusion avec la commune deviendrait très problématique. C'est le problème de se référer à une langue d'une époque révolue alors que les réalités changent sans cesse dans le temps et l'espace. Quant au problème de cohérence interne à l'intérieur de Vicipaedia il relèverait d'un éventuel coordinateur (administrateur ?). Il est sûr que de coller à l'expression moderne présente aussi bien des avantages.

--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 12:09, 4 Novembris 2021 (UTC)

== Si placitum tuum dare cupis ... ==
... i ad Tabernam, mi Marce, et ad ultimam quaestionem aut &quot;sic&quot; aut &quot;non&quot; subscribe! (&quot;Sic&quot; praefero, sed Vicipaediani semper liberi erunt.) Salve optime -- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:53, 5 Octobris 2022 (UTC)

== Si tibi placet ==
Salve Marce! Tibi scribo quia te proponere velim candidatum magistratūs. Accipiasne officium si [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus|suffragium]] paro? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:57, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

Salve Grufo! Tibi gratias ago ob testimonium. Nescio quid respondeam. Linguam Latinam quidem amo sed earum rerum quibus tu excellis omnino ignarus sum, hoc est arcanorum Vicipaedianorum et in primis informaticorum. Praeterea patientiam Andreae Dalby erga usores non Latine scribentes aut alias res proposito nostro parum utiles facientes multum admiror. Nescio an mihi libeat cum talibus usoribus tempus terere. Quid a me exspectabis si magistratus fuero? Quid facere oportebit quod nondum faciam?
--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:15, 12 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
: Gratias tibi ago ob tuum responsum, Marce. Cuicumque usori non necesse est magistratui fieri ut ad ista arcana accedat, at arcana Vicipaediae non sunt primi fines magistratuum. Magistratus illi sunt “certissimi, humanissimi, patientissimi” qui “Latinitate optima” scribunt et “Vicipaediae Latinae experti” sunt. Haec per omnia credo te validum esse candidatum. Longum tempus hic fuisti auctor optima Latinitate, et patientia non est tantummodo barbarice cum aliis usoribus interloqui. Nihil a te exspecto si magistratus fis, haec est agnitio tantum adiutūs tui. Non multae potestates mirae sunt magistratibus quae iam omni Vicipaediano non sint. Maxima quidem potestas est auctoritas Vicipaediae ad maiora ducendi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:11, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
 
O.K. Grufo si ita tibi videtur, consentio. Quod bonum faustum felix fortunatumque Vicipaediae Latinae nostrae sit, ut dicebant antiqui.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 17:15, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

: Euax! :-) Da mihi breve tempus et petitionem parabo! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:26, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

{{Ast}}

Salve Marce! Te [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus/Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|proposui]] magistratum Vicipaediae! Responsum in pagina petitionis tibi scribendum est. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 09:11, 15 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
: Tibi gratulor, Marce, postremo magistratus factus es! Si quid de novis potestatibus quaerere vis, semper mihi scribere potes! Si tibi placet, adde novam formulam {{Fn|Magistratus sum}} tuae paginae usoris. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:37, 23 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

== Gratulatio tardipedis ==
Marce Terenti, valde doleo, quia per imprudentiam petitionem tuam praeterii. Ego quoque quam libentissime te magistratum proposuissem, nisi nimis tarde huc venissem. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 20:15, 22 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

Ne nimis doleas, Neander. Veniam iam impetrasti. Talia solent fieri  et gaudeo quod  illo honore me dignum iudices. --[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 20:32, 22 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

== Tyrannicida, non tyrannus laudatus ==

Da veniam care Marce,
ego putavi, quod &quot;Tyrannicidium&quot; sit titulus poematis et Gulielmus Auriacus ille &quot;tyrannus&quot; interfectus. 
Mallem me olim in schola attentiorem fuisse.
Fortasse signa &quot; &quot; signis ' ' circa tyrannicidium clariora essent? Sed usum illorum signorum in lingua et Vicipaedia Latina haud bene novi.18:30, 13 Novembris 2024 (UTC) [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 18:30, 13 Novembris 2024 (UTC)


Veniam habes. Errare humanum est et homo sum... Signis utcumque mavis utere.
--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 19:15, 13 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

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== Article request ==
''[request forwarded from another user]''

Hello. I would want to ask you to create a page for Peshkopi: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshkopi and the title to be ''Penestae'' in Latin, which this city was called so in Latin during the earliest times.

The sources that confirm this name in Latin are:

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe)

https://tropki.com/albania/diber-county/peshkopi

and some other sources.

I would be very grateful if you create the page for Peshkopi (Penestae) on Latin Wiki. Then add the page to Wikidata (https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223154#sitelinks-wikipedia)

Please also include some history, geography, demographic details and political section about the city.

Use also some photos like:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia_from_the_air.jpg

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopi_from_the_road_into_dobrove.jpg

[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia,_Albania_%E2%80%93_Palace_of_Culture.jpg https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia,_Albania_–_Palace_of_Culture.jpg]

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dibra.jpg

https://zh-yue.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia-HDR.jpg


[[Specialis:Conlationes/89.231.40.19|89.231.40.19]] 16:59, 22 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:I'm sorry but I only write articles about subjects I'm interested in and know something about. I think it best so tam for the quality of the articles quam for the pleasure one must have while working on Vicipaedia (otherwise he goes away). But don't worry! I'm sure the day will come when there is an excellent article about Peshkopi on Vicipaedia: in Albania quoque non desunt optimi Latinistae! [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 13:30, 24 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Schola evangelica (Smyrna) ==

Hello, Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus.

Please correct the [[Schola evangelica (Smyrna)]] article. The school was not destroyed or even damaged in 1922. The building is intact. The Greek school closed after the flight of all Greeks from Izmir in 1922. It was reopened as a Turkish school in 1924 called ([[:en:Namık Kemal High School]]/[[:tr:Namık Kemal Lisesi (İzmir)]]. Please correct the article and rewrite the ultimate fate of this school. 

Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-67404-5|&amp;#126;2025-67404-5]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-67404-5|talk]]) 21:08, 20 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

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== De Ammiano ==

Salve, mi Marce. Paginas ''Rerum Gestarum'' et [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] denuo contribui. Ex opere tuo omnia servare conatus sum. Si aliquid corrigere necesse est, aut corrige (si vis) aut dic mihi quomodo erravi! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:07, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

Salve mi Andrea. Tibi gratias ago de scrupulo nec tamen dubito quin optime omnia feceris. Si quondam aliquid invenero te certiorem faciam. Vale--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:08, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== De Ausonio ==
Sine cura edidi: fortasse laborem tuum de Ausonio interrupi. Da veniam. Insuper nexum inserui non ad editionem 1496 (ut credidi), sed ad librum manuscriptum Vaticanum aliquem. Verum nexum iam addere possum. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:11, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


Nihil damni. Veniam habes. Vale et nexus ad pulchras manuscriptorum imagines nobis conferre non desine.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 14:28, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:Optime! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:57, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>cn5mpu4enlf9e3ccw13ar86f8q1ayzw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965326</id>
      <parentid>3965323</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T16:45:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* De Ausonio */</comment>
      <origin>3965326</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28334" sha1="1n3oyflh04jdx5ytgywpio0toh0u2oc" xml:space="preserve">{{Salve|Marce}}
-- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 11:42, 24 Maii 2007 (UTC)

==Flamen==
Xaverius Marco s.p.d. Wonderful article on [[flamen]]es! Thanks for it! I must say it has been very useful for an essay I had to write last week!--[[Usor:Xaverius|Xaverius]] 10:43, 24 Octobris 2007 (UTC)

==Interrupi?==
Si opus tuum optimum de Ser. Sulpicio Rufo interrupi, da veniam! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 10:16, 2 Aprilis 2008 (UTC)

==Categoria:Gentes Romanae==
Xaverius Marco s.p.d. Nunc habemus categorias de gentibus Romanis ([[:categoria:Gentes Romanae]]) atque indicem gentium Romanarum ([[gentes Romanae]]). Te peto, categoriam novam de gente romani quoque facias cum paginam novam de viro romano scribeas. Gratias ago, vale!--[[Usor:Xaverius|Xaverius]] 10:05, 27 Octobris 2008 (UTC)

==De vicipaedia nostra==
Xaverius Marco s. p. d. Fortasse, care Marce, hanc rem legere velis [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Proposal_to_close_Latin_Wikipedia]]--[[User:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Xave&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;ri&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;us&lt;/span&gt;]] 10:31, 2 Februarii 2009 (UTC)

== Erravi? ==
Salve, Marce! An recte [[Phaeton]] ad [[Phaëthon]] movi? Si erravi, explica mihi s.t.p. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:47, 25 Martii 2009 (UTC)
:Immo recte  fecisti, Andrew. Sic propius est orthographiae Graecae. Ego littera ë, cum quidem latine scribo, non utor, sed usum latinitatis antiquae sequor nec multum refert. [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] 14:59, 26 Martii 2009 (UTC)
::Gratias ago, mi Marce. Et ego a diaeresi libenter abstineo ... sed rationem normatis Vicipaediani intellego. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:00, 27 Martii 2009 (UTC)

== Diana ==
Salve bene, Marce! Spero tibi placere paginam [[Diana]], quam tu (cum aliis) melioravisti, paginam nostram mensis Augusti esse. Pauca addidi ego de Diana temporibus recentioribus &quot;rediviva&quot;. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:59, 2 Augusti 2009 (UTC)

== Auxilium ==
Salve, Marce! Come posso inserire un'immagine che non è presente su Commons? --[[Usor:MarcusXC|MarcusXC]] 15:49, 28 Septembris 2009 (UTC)

== De Iano==
Xaverius Marco, s.p.d. Merry belated Christmas! Your page [[Ianus]] is proposed for [[VP:PM|pagina mensis]] for January. You may want to make further additions, check references or add more pictures before January. --[[User:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Xave&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;&quot;&gt;ri&lt;/span&gt;]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;us&lt;/span&gt;]] 23:52, 28 Decembris 2009 (UTC)

== De Carmenta/Carmentis ==
Salve optime, Marce. Spero tibi non displicere id quod addidi in paginas [[Carmenta]] et [[Carmentalia]]. Volui enim paginas breves de [[Porrima]] et [[Postverta]] creare; ob quam rem textum leviter modificavi citationesque addidi. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:29, 18 Februarii 2010 (UTC)

== Sestertius? ==

Explica mutationes tuas. Accusativi iam tempore usus in animo habeo mutationes revocare. Vale. --[[Usor:Nicolaus Augurinus|Nicolaus Augurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Nicolaus Augurinus|disputatio]]) 14:40, 2 Februarii 2013 (UTC)

== CIL ==
Gaude, mi Marce! Formulam sicut apud Theodiscos stetit ad Vicipaediam nostram accommodavi. (Tempta, et si aliquid male agit, dic mihi.) Vale optime ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:36, 3 Octobris 2013 (UTC)

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== Pagina mensis ==
Salve, Marce. Nemo paginam mensis Decembris usque adhuc proposuit. Nisi vetas, [[Historiae (Polybius)]] promovebo! Quid dicis? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:21, 29 Novembris 2015 (UTC)

Salve Andrea,
Gratias tibi ago de iudicio quia opinionem tuam semper magni facio. Pagina fortasse hodie adhuc paulum elaborabitur, deinde ad aliam rem transibo. Ad usum Vicipaedianorum (et aliorum) scripta est : ea uti potes ut tibi videtur...
[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:15, 30 Novembris 2015 (UTC)
:Bene! Gratias ago et ego. Vidi etiam ''Antiquitates Romanas'' Dionysii inter paginas tuas recentes, sed opus Polybii apud historiographos celebratiorem praetuli. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:26, 30 Novembris 2015 (UTC)

{{Iubilaeum Vicipaedianorum}} [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:51, 1 Ianuarii 2016 (UTC)

== De Sole ==
Vide, mi Marce, id quod nuper addidi sub rubrica [[Phaëthon]]tis. Quam rem brevissimam si augere, corrigere, aut movere tibi placeat, fac! Salve optime [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 20:38, 1 Iunii 2016 (UTC)

Optime fecisti, mi Andrea. Apud poetas etenim mythologia diverse tractatur, ne de poetica licentia disseram...
[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 08:50, 2 Iunii 2016 (UTC)

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[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]]

== Communitas Europaea Alsatiae ==

Salut,

J'ai vu ta page &quot;[[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae]]. Sur Vicipaedia, les &quot;collectivités d'outre-mer&quot; sont denvues les &quot;[[Collectivitas Transmarina Francica|collectivitates transmarinae]]&quot;. Donc, je me demande pourquoi tout d'un coup &quot;communitas&quot; pour &quot;collectivité&quot;; j'aurais écrit &quot;[[Collectivitas Europaea Alsatiae]]&quot;. [[Usor:Sigur|Sigur]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Sigur|disputatio]]) 17:52, 3 Novembris 2021 (UTC)

Salut Sigur,
la raison en est simple et tient à mon goût pour le latin cicéronienː &quot;collectivitas&quot; est absent du Gaffiot, tandis que &quot;communitas&quot; est attesté chez Cicéron. En réalité  pour bien faire et suivre l'usage antique il faudrait employer &quot;commune&quot; comme dans &quot;commune Asiae&quot; mais alors la confusion avec la commune deviendrait très problématique. C'est le problème de se référer à une langue d'une époque révolue alors que les réalités changent sans cesse dans le temps et l'espace. Quant au problème de cohérence interne à l'intérieur de Vicipaedia il relèverait d'un éventuel coordinateur (administrateur ?). Il est sûr que de coller à l'expression moderne présente aussi bien des avantages.

--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 12:09, 4 Novembris 2021 (UTC)

== Si placitum tuum dare cupis ... ==
... i ad Tabernam, mi Marce, et ad ultimam quaestionem aut &quot;sic&quot; aut &quot;non&quot; subscribe! (&quot;Sic&quot; praefero, sed Vicipaediani semper liberi erunt.) Salve optime -- [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:53, 5 Octobris 2022 (UTC)

== Si tibi placet ==
Salve Marce! Tibi scribo quia te proponere velim candidatum magistratūs. Accipiasne officium si [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus|suffragium]] paro? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:57, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

Salve Grufo! Tibi gratias ago ob testimonium. Nescio quid respondeam. Linguam Latinam quidem amo sed earum rerum quibus tu excellis omnino ignarus sum, hoc est arcanorum Vicipaedianorum et in primis informaticorum. Praeterea patientiam Andreae Dalby erga usores non Latine scribentes aut alias res proposito nostro parum utiles facientes multum admiror. Nescio an mihi libeat cum talibus usoribus tempus terere. Quid a me exspectabis si magistratus fuero? Quid facere oportebit quod nondum faciam?
--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:15, 12 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
: Gratias tibi ago ob tuum responsum, Marce. Cuicumque usori non necesse est magistratui fieri ut ad ista arcana accedat, at arcana Vicipaediae non sunt primi fines magistratuum. Magistratus illi sunt “certissimi, humanissimi, patientissimi” qui “Latinitate optima” scribunt et “Vicipaediae Latinae experti” sunt. Haec per omnia credo te validum esse candidatum. Longum tempus hic fuisti auctor optima Latinitate, et patientia non est tantummodo barbarice cum aliis usoribus interloqui. Nihil a te exspecto si magistratus fis, haec est agnitio tantum adiutūs tui. Non multae potestates mirae sunt magistratibus quae iam omni Vicipaediano non sint. Maxima quidem potestas est auctoritas Vicipaediae ad maiora ducendi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:11, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
 
O.K. Grufo si ita tibi videtur, consentio. Quod bonum faustum felix fortunatumque Vicipaediae Latinae nostrae sit, ut dicebant antiqui.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 17:15, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

: Euax! :-) Da mihi breve tempus et petitionem parabo! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:26, 13 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

{{Ast}}

Salve Marce! Te [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus/Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|proposui]] magistratum Vicipaediae! Responsum in pagina petitionis tibi scribendum est. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 09:11, 15 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
: Tibi gratulor, Marce, postremo magistratus factus es! Si quid de novis potestatibus quaerere vis, semper mihi scribere potes! Si tibi placet, adde novam formulam {{Fn|Magistratus sum}} tuae paginae usoris. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:37, 23 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

== Gratulatio tardipedis ==
Marce Terenti, valde doleo, quia per imprudentiam petitionem tuam praeterii. Ego quoque quam libentissime te magistratum proposuissem, nisi nimis tarde huc venissem. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 20:15, 22 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

Ne nimis doleas, Neander. Veniam iam impetrasti. Talia solent fieri  et gaudeo quod  illo honore me dignum iudices. --[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 20:32, 22 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

== Tyrannicida, non tyrannus laudatus ==

Da veniam care Marce,
ego putavi, quod &quot;Tyrannicidium&quot; sit titulus poematis et Gulielmus Auriacus ille &quot;tyrannus&quot; interfectus. 
Mallem me olim in schola attentiorem fuisse.
Fortasse signa &quot; &quot; signis ' ' circa tyrannicidium clariora essent? Sed usum illorum signorum in lingua et Vicipaedia Latina haud bene novi.18:30, 13 Novembris 2024 (UTC) [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 18:30, 13 Novembris 2024 (UTC)


Veniam habes. Errare humanum est et homo sum... Signis utcumque mavis utere.
--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 19:15, 13 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

== Thank you for being a medical contributors! ==

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== Article request ==
''[request forwarded from another user]''

Hello. I would want to ask you to create a page for Peshkopi: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshkopi and the title to be ''Penestae'' in Latin, which this city was called so in Latin during the earliest times.

The sources that confirm this name in Latin are:

https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe)

https://tropki.com/albania/diber-county/peshkopi

and some other sources.

I would be very grateful if you create the page for Peshkopi (Penestae) on Latin Wiki. Then add the page to Wikidata (https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223154#sitelinks-wikipedia)

Please also include some history, geography, demographic details and political section about the city.

Use also some photos like:

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia_from_the_air.jpg

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopi_from_the_road_into_dobrove.jpg

[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia,_Albania_%E2%80%93_Palace_of_Culture.jpg https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia,_Albania_–_Palace_of_Culture.jpg]

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dibra.jpg

https://zh-yue.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Peshkopia-HDR.jpg


[[Specialis:Conlationes/89.231.40.19|89.231.40.19]] 16:59, 22 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

:I'm sorry but I only write articles about subjects I'm interested in and know something about. I think it best so tam for the quality of the articles quam for the pleasure one must have while working on Vicipaedia (otherwise he goes away). But don't worry! I'm sure the day will come when there is an excellent article about Peshkopi on Vicipaedia: in Albania quoque non desunt optimi Latinistae! [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 13:30, 24 Augusti 2025 (UTC)

== Schola evangelica (Smyrna) ==

Hello, Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus.

Please correct the [[Schola evangelica (Smyrna)]] article. The school was not destroyed or even damaged in 1922. The building is intact. The Greek school closed after the flight of all Greeks from Izmir in 1922. It was reopened as a Turkish school in 1924 called ([[:en:Namık Kemal High School]]/[[:tr:Namık Kemal Lisesi (İzmir)]]. Please correct the article and rewrite the ultimate fate of this school. 

Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2025-67404-5|&amp;#126;2025-67404-5]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2025-67404-5|talk]]) 21:08, 20 Septembris 2025 (UTC)

== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

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== De Ammiano ==

Salve, mi Marce. Paginas ''Rerum Gestarum'' et [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] denuo contribui. Ex opere tuo omnia servare conatus sum. Si aliquid corrigere necesse est, aut corrige (si vis) aut dic mihi quomodo erravi! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:07, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

Salve mi Andrea. Tibi gratias ago de scrupulo nec tamen dubito quin optime omnia feceris. Si quondam aliquid invenero te certiorem faciam. Vale--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 16:08, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== De Ausonio ==
Sine cura edidi: fortasse laborem tuum de Ausonio interrupi. Da veniam. Insuper nexum inserui non ad editionem 1496 (ut credidi), sed ad librum manuscriptum Vaticanum aliquem. Verum nexum iam addere possum. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:11, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)


Nihil damni. Veniam habes. Vale et nexus ad pulchras manuscriptorum imagines nobis conferre noli desinere.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 14:28, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:Optime! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:57, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Magnus Ducatus Hassiae</title>
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      <text bytes="2067" sha1="su52ieies3ghvuws1bqy88iactguqiu" xml:space="preserve">{{capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Hesse in the German Reich (1871).svg|thumb|275px|Situs Magni Ducatus Hassiae in Imperio Germanico (1870–1918)]]
'''Magnus Ducatus Hassiae et apud Rhenum'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100611213959/http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/vlib/history/fachreferat.php Historia Hassiae Magni Ducatus]&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Theodisce]]: ''Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein'') fuit antiqua civitas, anno [[1806]] condita, quae quidem antea parvus principatus fuerat. Ducatus post [[primum bellum mundanum]] finem habuit, anno [[1918]], cum [[Hassia]] una ex regionibus Rei Publicae [[Germania]]e facta esset. Caput civitatis [[Darmstadium]] fuit. Qui ducatus 
* ab anno [[1806]] usque ad annum [[1815]] ad [[Foederatio Rhenana|Foederationem Rhenanam]] (''Rheinbund'')
* ab anno [[1815]] usque ad annum [[1866]] ad [[Foederatio Germanica|Foederationem Germanicam]] (''Deutscher Bund'')
* ab anno [[1866]] usque ad annum [[1871]] solum terrae Magni Ducatus Hassiae, quae in septentrionali parte fluminis [[Moenus|Moeni]] erant, ad [[Foederatio Germanica Septemtrionalis|Foederationem Germanicam septentrionalem]] 
* ab anno [[1871]] usque ad annum [[1918]] ad [[Imperium Germanicum]]
pertinuit. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Grand Duchy of Hesse|Magnum Ducatum Hassiae}}
{{Fontes geographici}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071224015639/http://www.deutsche-schutzgebiete.de/grossherzogtum_hessen.htm De Magno Ducatu Hassiae] [[1806]]–[[1918]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030539/http://www.gemeindeverzeichnis.de/gem1900/gem1900.htm?hessen1900.htm Magnus Ducatus Hassiae] circumscriptiones et municipia anno [[1910]]
* [http://www.ieg-maps.uni-mainz.de/mapsp/mapvr817HD.htm Tabulae] Magni Ducatus Hassiae [[1817]]–[[1918]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hassiae Magnus Ducatus}}
{{Civitates Imperii Germanici (1871 - 1918)}}
{{Terrae Rei Publicae Vimarianae}}

[[Categoria:Antiquae civitates Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Hassia]]
[[Categoria:Magni ducatus|Hassiae magnus ducatus]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1806]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>AC Milan</title>
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        <id>158195</id>
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      <comment>/* Celebri lusores */</comment>
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      <text bytes="6006" sha1="32dojj1tosnpdlsdz9m2i9s4onem5y6" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
{{Capsa societatis pediludii
	| nomen = AC Milan&lt;br /&gt;''CP Mediolanum''
	| image = Logo of AC Milan.svg
	| nomen plenum = Associazione Calcio Milan&lt;br /&gt;''Consociatio Pediludium Mediolanum''
	| nomina alia = ''Diaboli'' (Italice: Diavoli), ''Ruber-nigri''&lt;br /&gt;(Italice: Rosso-neri)
	| instituta = [[1899]]
	| domus = [[Stadium Iosephus Meazza]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Mediolanum]], [[Langobardia|in Langobardia]], [[Italia|in Italia]]
	| capacitas = 80.018
	| dominus = [[Paulus Scaroni]]
	| liga = [[Serie A]]
	| tempus = 2023-24
	| locus = Series A, II
}}

{{Res|Associazione Calcio Milan}}, vel modo {{Res|AC Milan}} (''Consociatio Pediludium Mediolanum'') societas [[Pediludium|pediludii]] [[Italia]]e [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] est. Condita anno [[1899]] mense [[16 Decembris|Decembri die sexto decimo]] est et in [[Serie A|prima categoria]] italici pediludii ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Serie A'') ludit. Militia haec [[Langobardia]]e [[Mediolanum|regionis caput]] una cum [[FC Internazionale Milano|Internationale]], in [[1908]] de rubrae-nigrae societatis dissidentibus 43 sociis nata, exprimit. E 1963 apud sedem ludicam ''[[Milanello]]'' ('parvum Mediolanum'), in [[Baretium (provincia)|Baretii Provincia]], exercetur.

Haec societas Italicae ligae duodeviginties et [[Europa]]e septies victor fuit.

== Stadium ==
AC Milan in [[Stadium Iosephus Meazza|Stadio Iosepho Meazza]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] ludit. Hoc stadium 80.018 spectatores continere potest. Stadi nomen ad Italicum pedilusorem [[Iosephus Meazza|Iosephum Meazza]] dedicatur.

== Victoriae ==
* '''[[Serie A|Italica Liga]] (duodeviginties):''' 1901, 1906, 1907, 1950/51, 1954/55, 1956/57, 1958/59, 1961/62, 1967/68, 1978/79, 1987/88, 1991/92, 1992/93, 1993/94, 1995/96, 1998/99, 2003/04, 2010/11, 2021/22
* '''Italicum Poculum (quinquies):''' 1966/67, 1971/72, 1972/73, 1976/77, 2002/03
* '''Italicum Superpoculum (quinquies):''' 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 2004, 2011, 2016, 2024
* '''Europaea Liga (septies):''' 1962/63, 1968/69, 1988/89, 1989/90, 1993/94, 2002/03, 2006/07
* '''Poculi victorum-Poculum (bis):''' 1967/68, 1972/73
* '''Europaeum Superpoculum (quinquies):''' 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007
* '''Intercontinentale Poculum (ter):''' 1969, 1989, 1990
* '''Mundiale Poculum (semel):''' 2007
* '''Latinum Poculum (bis):''' 1951, 1956

== Celebri lusores ==
[[Fasciculus:PaoloMaldini.jpg|250px|left|thumb|[[Paulus Maldini]].]]
{|
|
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Sebastianus Rossi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Andreas Pirlo]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Henricus Albertosi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Alexander Nesta]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Carolus Ancelotti]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Robertus Baggio]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Francus Baresi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Alexander Costacurta]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Ianuarius Gattuso]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Philippus Inzaghi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Caesar Maldini]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Paulus Maldini]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Meazza]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Rivera]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Paulus Rossi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Lucas Zambrotta]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Trapattoni]]
||
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Christianus Abbiati]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Maurus Tassoti]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Marcus van Basten]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Rudolphus Gullit]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Franciscus Rijkaard]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Maximus Ambrosini]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Laurentius Seedorf]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Sweden.svg|20px|Sueciae vexillum]] [[Zlatan Ibrahimović]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Sweden.svg|20px|Sueciae vexillum]] [[Nicolaus Liedholm]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Sweden.svg|20px|Sueciae vexillum]] [[Gunnar Nordahl]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Sweden.svg|20px|Sueciae vexillum]] [[Curtius Hamrin]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ukraine.svg|20px|Ucrainae vexillum]] [[Andreas Sevsenco]] 
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Liberia.svg|20px|Liberiae vexillum]] [[Georgius Weah]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Altafini]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Kaká]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Cafu]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Dida]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Montenegro.svg|20px|Mons Niger vexillum]] [[Dejan Savićević]]
|}

== Celebres procuratores ==
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Carolus Ancelotti]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Fabius Capello]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Caesar Maldini]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Nereus Rocco]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Arrigus Sacchi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Sweden.svg|20px|Sueciae vexillum]] [[Nicolaus Liedholm]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|AC Milan}}
* [http://www.acmilan.com/ Publica pagina]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928150951/http://forum.devilsmania.com/ ''Devilsmania'' - Forum de SP Mediolano]

{{Seriei Ae societates pedoludii}}

[[Categoria:Societates italicae pediludii|Milan]]
[[Categoria:Mediolanum]]</text>
      <sha1>32dojj1tosnpdlsdz9m2i9s4onem5y6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Futbol Club Barcelona</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36489</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965339</id>
      <parentid>3958755</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T19:31:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Damn me</username>
        <id>158195</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Celebri lusores turmae pediludii */</comment>
      <origin>3965339</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="6886" sha1="cyniqm0e756ihvk98osfzh7aby5xt80" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
{{Data societatis pediludii
	| nomen = FC Barcelona&lt;br /&gt;''Barcinonensis PS''
	| imago = 600px Blue HEX-00529F Gold HEX-FFDF1A White Purple HEX-A2214B Red HEX-E1393D.svg
	| nomen plenum = Futbol Club Barcelona&lt;br /&gt;''Barcinonensis Pediludii Societas''
	| nomina alia = ''Azulgranas&lt;br&gt;Blaugranas&lt;br&gt;Culés&lt;br&gt;Barça''
	| instituta = [[1899]] (prius commitens)
	| domus = [[Camp Nou]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Barcino|Barcinone]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Hispania|Hispaniae]]
	| capacitas = 99.600
	| dominus = [[Joan Laporta]]
	| procurator = [[Xavier Hernández]]
	| liga = [[Prima Divisio Hispanica]]
	| tempus = 2021-22
	| locus = [[Prima Divisio Hispanica]], '''2.'''
}}

{{Res|Futbol Club Barcelona}} (‘Barcinonensis Pediludii Societas’) est [[Hispania|Hispanica]] [[Ludus athleticus|ludorum athleticorum]] societas, [[Barcino|Barcinensi]] condita. Praeclarissimae societatis turmae sunt manus [[pediludium|pediludii]], [[manufollium|manufollii]], et [[canistriludium|canistriludii]], quae omnes in prima divisione Hispanica ludunt. Barcinonensis [[historia]] sua viginti tria [[Prima Divisio Hispanica|certamina pedilusoria Hispanica]] (Hispanice ''La Liga'') vicit, et est societas quae plura [[Poculum Regium|Pocula Regia]] (Hispanice ''Copa del Rey'') vicit: viginti septem. Etiam quinque [[Liga Victorum UEFA|Ligas Victorum UEFA]] vicit et tria [[Certamen Mundanum Societatum FIFA|Certamina Mundana Societatum FIFA]].

== Vestis campestris ==
* '''Vestis titularis''': Camisia caerulea ruberis derectis cum lineis, hosa caerulea et mediae caerulea.
* '''Vestis altera''': Camisia flavusea, hosa flavusea et mediae flavusea.

==Celebri lusores turmae pediludii==
[[Fasciculus:Carles Puyol Joan Gamper-Tr.jpg|thumb|200 px|Carolus Puyol]]
{|
|
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Georgius Alba]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Alexanko]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|border|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Daniel Alves]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Gulielmus Amor]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Gabon.svg|20px|Gabonae vexillum]] [[Petrus Emericus Aubameyang]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Maria Bakero]] 
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Txiki Begiristain]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Sergius Busquets]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Henricus Castro]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Caesar Rodríguez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Cruyff]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[David Villa]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Franciscus De Jong]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|20px|border|Lusitaniae vexillum]] [[Deco]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Cameroon.svg|20px|border|Cameron vexillum]] [[Samuel Eto’o]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Abelardus Fernández]]
||
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Guardiola]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Henricus]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Franciae vexillum]] [[Theodoricus Henry]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Andreas Iniesta]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg|20px|Litus Eburneum vexillum]] [[Franciscus Kessié]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Ronaldus Koeman]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Hungary.svg|20px|Hungariae vexillum]] [[Ladislaus Kubala]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Denmark.svg|20px|Daniae vexillum]] [[Michael Laudrup]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Poland.svg|20px|Poloniae vexillum]] [[Robertus Lewandowski]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20px|border|Mexicae vexillum]] [[Raphael Márquez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Memphis Depay]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px|border|Argentinae vexillum]] [[Leonillus Messi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Michael Angelus Nadal]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Neymar]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Juan José Nogués]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Petrus Rodríguez Ledesma|Petrus Rodríguez]]
||
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]]  [[Geraldus Piqué]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Carolus Puyol]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Antonius Ramallets]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Rivaldo]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|border|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Ronaldinhus]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Salvador Sadurní]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Samitier]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germaniae vexillum]] [[Bernardus Schuster]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Segarra]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|20px|Bulgariae vexillum]] [[Christus Stoičkov]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Uruguay.svg|20px|Uraquariae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Albertus Suárez Díaz|Ludovicus Suárez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Suárez Miramontes]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germaniae vexillum]] [[Marc-André Ter Stegen]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Victor Valdés]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Xaverius Hernández|Xavi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Antonius Zubizarreta]]
|}

== Victoriae ==
* Hispanice La Liga: 1929, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1959, 1960, 1974, 1985, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018.
* Hispanice La Copa: 1910, 1912, 1913, 1920, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1942, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1959, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1988, 1990, 1997, 1998, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018.
* Superpoculum Hispanicum: 1983, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016.
* Poculum Ligae: 1983, 1986.
* Europeae Liga: 1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015.
* Poculi victorum-Poculum: 1979, 1982, 1989, 1997.
* Europaeum Superpoculum: 1992, 1997, 2009, 2011, 2015.
* Mundiale Poculum: 2009, 2011, 2015.
* Latinum Poculum: 1949, 1952.

==Nexus externi==
*[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/ Situs interretialis.] www.fcbarcelona.com.

[[Categoria:Constituta 1899]]
[[Categoria:Societates pediludii|Barcelona]]</text>
      <sha1>cyniqm0e756ihvk98osfzh7aby5xt80</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965340</id>
      <parentid>3965339</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T19:32:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Damn me</username>
        <id>158195</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Celebri lusores turmae pediludii */</comment>
      <origin>3965340</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6889" sha1="nv2aqbrhj360vsagyw21dewztnw4qyf" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
{{Data societatis pediludii
	| nomen = FC Barcelona&lt;br /&gt;''Barcinonensis PS''
	| imago = 600px Blue HEX-00529F Gold HEX-FFDF1A White Purple HEX-A2214B Red HEX-E1393D.svg
	| nomen plenum = Futbol Club Barcelona&lt;br /&gt;''Barcinonensis Pediludii Societas''
	| nomina alia = ''Azulgranas&lt;br&gt;Blaugranas&lt;br&gt;Culés&lt;br&gt;Barça''
	| instituta = [[1899]] (prius commitens)
	| domus = [[Camp Nou]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Barcino|Barcinone]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Hispania|Hispaniae]]
	| capacitas = 99.600
	| dominus = [[Joan Laporta]]
	| procurator = [[Xavier Hernández]]
	| liga = [[Prima Divisio Hispanica]]
	| tempus = 2021-22
	| locus = [[Prima Divisio Hispanica]], '''2.'''
}}

{{Res|Futbol Club Barcelona}} (‘Barcinonensis Pediludii Societas’) est [[Hispania|Hispanica]] [[Ludus athleticus|ludorum athleticorum]] societas, [[Barcino|Barcinensi]] condita. Praeclarissimae societatis turmae sunt manus [[pediludium|pediludii]], [[manufollium|manufollii]], et [[canistriludium|canistriludii]], quae omnes in prima divisione Hispanica ludunt. Barcinonensis [[historia]] sua viginti tria [[Prima Divisio Hispanica|certamina pedilusoria Hispanica]] (Hispanice ''La Liga'') vicit, et est societas quae plura [[Poculum Regium|Pocula Regia]] (Hispanice ''Copa del Rey'') vicit: viginti septem. Etiam quinque [[Liga Victorum UEFA|Ligas Victorum UEFA]] vicit et tria [[Certamen Mundanum Societatum FIFA|Certamina Mundana Societatum FIFA]].

== Vestis campestris ==
* '''Vestis titularis''': Camisia caerulea ruberis derectis cum lineis, hosa caerulea et mediae caerulea.
* '''Vestis altera''': Camisia flavusea, hosa flavusea et mediae flavusea.

==Celebri lusores turmae pediludii==
[[Fasciculus:Carles Puyol Joan Gamper-Tr.jpg|thumb|200 px|Carolus Puyol]]
{|
|
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Georgius Alba]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Alexanko]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|border|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Daniel Alves]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Gulielmus Amor]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Gabon.svg|20px|Gabonae vexillum]] [[Petrus Emericus Aubameyang]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Maria Bakero]] 
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Txiki Begiristain]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Sergius Busquets]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Henricus Castro]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Caesar Rodríguez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Cruyff]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[David Villa]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Franciscus De Jong]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|20px|border|Lusitaniae vexillum]] [[Deco]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Cameroon.svg|20px|border|Cameron vexillum]] [[Samuel Eto’o]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Abelardus Fernández]]
||
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Guardiola]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Henricus]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Franciae vexillum]] [[Theodoricus Henry]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Andreas Iniesta]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg|20px|Litus Eburneum vexillum]] [[Franciscus Kessié]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Ronaldus Koeman]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Hungary.svg|20px|Hungariae vexillum]] [[Ladislaus Kubala]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Denmark.svg|20px|Daniae vexillum]] [[Michael Laudrup]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Poland.svg|20px|Poloniae vexillum]] [[Robertus Lewandowski]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20px|border|Mexicae vexillum]] [[Raphael Márquez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Memphis Depay]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px|border|Argentinae vexillum]] [[Leonillus Messi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Michael Angelus Nadal]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Neymar]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Juan José Nogués]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Petrus Rodríguez Ledesma|Petrus Rodríguez]]
||
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]]  [[Geraldus Piqué]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Carolus Puyol]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Antonius Ramallets]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Rivaldo]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|border|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Ronaldinhus]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Salvador Sadurní]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Samitier]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germaniae vexillum]] [[Bernardus Schuster]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Segarra]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|20px|Bulgariae vexillum]] [[Christus Stoičkov]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Uruguay.svg|20px|Uraquariae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Albertus Suárez Díaz|Ludovicus Suárez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Suárez Miramontes]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germaniae vexillum]] [[Marcus Andreas Ter Stegen]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Victor Valdés]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Xaverius Hernández|Xavi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Antonius Zubizarreta]]
|}

== Victoriae ==
* Hispanice La Liga: 1929, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1959, 1960, 1974, 1985, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018.
* Hispanice La Copa: 1910, 1912, 1913, 1920, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1942, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1959, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1988, 1990, 1997, 1998, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018.
* Superpoculum Hispanicum: 1983, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016.
* Poculum Ligae: 1983, 1986.
* Europeae Liga: 1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015.
* Poculi victorum-Poculum: 1979, 1982, 1989, 1997.
* Europaeum Superpoculum: 1992, 1997, 2009, 2011, 2015.
* Mundiale Poculum: 2009, 2011, 2015.
* Latinum Poculum: 1949, 1952.

==Nexus externi==
*[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/ Situs interretialis.] www.fcbarcelona.com.

[[Categoria:Constituta 1899]]
[[Categoria:Societates pediludii|Barcelona]]</text>
      <sha1>nv2aqbrhj360vsagyw21dewztnw4qyf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965341</id>
      <parentid>3965340</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T19:32:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Damn me</username>
        <id>158195</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Celebri lusores turmae pediludii */</comment>
      <origin>3965341</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6895" sha1="7xuzdna0ja9wzgrldlohe9gu7oh1l1o" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
{{Data societatis pediludii
	| nomen = FC Barcelona&lt;br /&gt;''Barcinonensis PS''
	| imago = 600px Blue HEX-00529F Gold HEX-FFDF1A White Purple HEX-A2214B Red HEX-E1393D.svg
	| nomen plenum = Futbol Club Barcelona&lt;br /&gt;''Barcinonensis Pediludii Societas''
	| nomina alia = ''Azulgranas&lt;br&gt;Blaugranas&lt;br&gt;Culés&lt;br&gt;Barça''
	| instituta = [[1899]] (prius commitens)
	| domus = [[Camp Nou]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Barcino|Barcinone]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Hispania|Hispaniae]]
	| capacitas = 99.600
	| dominus = [[Joan Laporta]]
	| procurator = [[Xavier Hernández]]
	| liga = [[Prima Divisio Hispanica]]
	| tempus = 2021-22
	| locus = [[Prima Divisio Hispanica]], '''2.'''
}}

{{Res|Futbol Club Barcelona}} (‘Barcinonensis Pediludii Societas’) est [[Hispania|Hispanica]] [[Ludus athleticus|ludorum athleticorum]] societas, [[Barcino|Barcinensi]] condita. Praeclarissimae societatis turmae sunt manus [[pediludium|pediludii]], [[manufollium|manufollii]], et [[canistriludium|canistriludii]], quae omnes in prima divisione Hispanica ludunt. Barcinonensis [[historia]] sua viginti tria [[Prima Divisio Hispanica|certamina pedilusoria Hispanica]] (Hispanice ''La Liga'') vicit, et est societas quae plura [[Poculum Regium|Pocula Regia]] (Hispanice ''Copa del Rey'') vicit: viginti septem. Etiam quinque [[Liga Victorum UEFA|Ligas Victorum UEFA]] vicit et tria [[Certamen Mundanum Societatum FIFA|Certamina Mundana Societatum FIFA]].

== Vestis campestris ==
* '''Vestis titularis''': Camisia caerulea ruberis derectis cum lineis, hosa caerulea et mediae caerulea.
* '''Vestis altera''': Camisia flavusea, hosa flavusea et mediae flavusea.

==Celebri lusores turmae pediludii==
[[Fasciculus:Carles Puyol Joan Gamper-Tr.jpg|thumb|200 px|Carolus Puyol]]
{|
|
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Georgius Alba]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Alexanko]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|border|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Daniel Alves]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Gulielmus Amor]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Gabon.svg|20px|Gabonae vexillum]] [[Petrus Emericus Aubameyang]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Maria Bakero]] 
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Txiki Begiristain]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Sergius Busquets]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Henricus Castro]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Caesar Rodríguez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Cruyff]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[David Villa]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Franciscus De Jong]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|20px|border|Lusitaniae vexillum]] [[Deco]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Cameroon.svg|20px|border|Cameron vexillum]] [[Samuel Eto’o]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Abelardus Fernández]]
||
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Guardiola]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Henricus]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Franciae vexillum]] [[Theodoricus Henry]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Andreas Iniesta]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg|20px|Litus Eburneum vexillum]] [[Franciscus Kessié]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Ronaldus Koeman]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Hungary.svg|20px|Hungariae vexillum]] [[Ladislaus Kubala]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Denmark.svg|20px|Daniae vexillum]] [[Michael Laudrup]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Poland.svg|20px|Poloniae vexillum]] [[Robertus Lewandowski]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20px|border|Mexicae vexillum]] [[Raphael Márquez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Memphis Depay]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px|border|Argentinae vexillum]] [[Leonillus Messi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Michael Angelus Nadal]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Neymar]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Iosephus Nogués]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Petrus Rodríguez Ledesma|Petrus Rodríguez]]
||
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]]  [[Geraldus Piqué]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Carolus Puyol]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Antonius Ramallets]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Rivaldo]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|border|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Ronaldinhus]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Salvador Sadurní]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Samitier]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germaniae vexillum]] [[Bernardus Schuster]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Segarra]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|20px|Bulgariae vexillum]] [[Christus Stoičkov]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Uruguay.svg|20px|Uraquariae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Albertus Suárez Díaz|Ludovicus Suárez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Suárez Miramontes]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germaniae vexillum]] [[Marcus Andreas Ter Stegen]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Victor Valdés]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Xaverius Hernández|Xavi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Antonius Zubizarreta]]
|}

== Victoriae ==
* Hispanice La Liga: 1929, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1959, 1960, 1974, 1985, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018.
* Hispanice La Copa: 1910, 1912, 1913, 1920, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1942, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1959, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1988, 1990, 1997, 1998, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018.
* Superpoculum Hispanicum: 1983, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016.
* Poculum Ligae: 1983, 1986.
* Europeae Liga: 1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015.
* Poculi victorum-Poculum: 1979, 1982, 1989, 1997.
* Europaeum Superpoculum: 1992, 1997, 2009, 2011, 2015.
* Mundiale Poculum: 2009, 2011, 2015.
* Latinum Poculum: 1949, 1952.

==Nexus externi==
*[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/ Situs interretialis.] www.fcbarcelona.com.

[[Categoria:Constituta 1899]]
[[Categoria:Societates pediludii|Barcelona]]</text>
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      <id>3965342</id>
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        <username>Damn me</username>
        <id>158195</id>
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      <comment>/* Celebri lusores turmae pediludii */</comment>
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      <text bytes="7076" sha1="d5ufwgw2oad9i2y3khussbqvjm5qdzf" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
{{Data societatis pediludii
	| nomen = FC Barcelona&lt;br /&gt;''Barcinonensis PS''
	| imago = 600px Blue HEX-00529F Gold HEX-FFDF1A White Purple HEX-A2214B Red HEX-E1393D.svg
	| nomen plenum = Futbol Club Barcelona&lt;br /&gt;''Barcinonensis Pediludii Societas''
	| nomina alia = ''Azulgranas&lt;br&gt;Blaugranas&lt;br&gt;Culés&lt;br&gt;Barça''
	| instituta = [[1899]] (prius commitens)
	| domus = [[Camp Nou]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Barcino|Barcinone]]&lt;br /&gt; [[Hispania|Hispaniae]]
	| capacitas = 99.600
	| dominus = [[Joan Laporta]]
	| procurator = [[Xavier Hernández]]
	| liga = [[Prima Divisio Hispanica]]
	| tempus = 2021-22
	| locus = [[Prima Divisio Hispanica]], '''2.'''
}}

{{Res|Futbol Club Barcelona}} (‘Barcinonensis Pediludii Societas’) est [[Hispania|Hispanica]] [[Ludus athleticus|ludorum athleticorum]] societas, [[Barcino|Barcinensi]] condita. Praeclarissimae societatis turmae sunt manus [[pediludium|pediludii]], [[manufollium|manufollii]], et [[canistriludium|canistriludii]], quae omnes in prima divisione Hispanica ludunt. Barcinonensis [[historia]] sua viginti tria [[Prima Divisio Hispanica|certamina pedilusoria Hispanica]] (Hispanice ''La Liga'') vicit, et est societas quae plura [[Poculum Regium|Pocula Regia]] (Hispanice ''Copa del Rey'') vicit: viginti septem. Etiam quinque [[Liga Victorum UEFA|Ligas Victorum UEFA]] vicit et tria [[Certamen Mundanum Societatum FIFA|Certamina Mundana Societatum FIFA]].

== Vestis campestris ==
* '''Vestis titularis''': Camisia caerulea ruberis derectis cum lineis, hosa caerulea et mediae caerulea.
* '''Vestis altera''': Camisia flavusea, hosa flavusea et mediae flavusea.

==Celebri lusores turmae pediludii==
[[Fasciculus:Carles Puyol Joan Gamper-Tr.jpg|thumb|200 px|Carolus Puyol]]
{|
|
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Georgius Alba]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Alexanko]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|border|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Daniel Alves]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Gulielmus Amor]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Gabon.svg|20px|Gabonae vexillum]] [[Petrus Emericus Aubameyang]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Maria Bakero]] 
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Txiki Begiristain]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Sergius Busquets]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Henricus Castro]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Caesar Rodríguez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Cruyff]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[David Villa]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Franciscus De Jong]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|20px|border|Lusitaniae vexillum]] [[Deco]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Cameroon.svg|20px|border|Cameron vexillum]] [[Samuel Eto’o]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Abelardus Fernández]]
||
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Guardiola]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Henricus]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Franciae vexillum]] [[Theodoricus Henry]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Andreas Iniesta]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg|20px|Litus Eburneum vexillum]] [[Franciscus Kessié]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Ronaldus Koeman]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Hungary.svg|20px|Hungariae vexillum]] [[Ladislaus Kubala]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Denmark.svg|20px|Daniae vexillum]] [[Michael Laudrup]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Poland.svg|20px|Poloniae vexillum]] [[Robertus Lewandowski]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20px|border|Mexicae vexillum]] [[Raphael Márquez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Memphis Depay]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px|border|Argentinae vexillum]] [[Leonillus Messi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Michael Angelus Nadal]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Neymar]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Iosephus Nogués]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Petrus Rodríguez Ledesma|Petrus Rodríguez]]
||
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]]  [[Geraldus Piqué]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Carolus Puyol]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Antonius Ramallets]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Rivaldo]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|border|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Romarius]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|border|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Ronaldinhus]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|border|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Ronaldus (pedilusor)|Ronaldus]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Salvador Sadurní]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Samitier]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germaniae vexillum]] [[Bernardus Schuster]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Segarra]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|20px|Bulgariae vexillum]] [[Christus Stoičkov]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Uruguay.svg|20px|Uraquariae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Albertus Suárez Díaz|Ludovicus Suárez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Suárez Miramontes]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germaniae vexillum]] [[Marcus Andreas Ter Stegen]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Victor Valdés]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Xaverius Hernández|Xavi]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Antonius Zubizarreta]]
|}

== Victoriae ==
* Hispanice La Liga: 1929, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1959, 1960, 1974, 1985, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1998, 1999, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018.
* Hispanice La Copa: 1910, 1912, 1913, 1920, 1922, 1925, 1926, 1928, 1942, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1959, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1978, 1981, 1983, 1988, 1990, 1997, 1998, 2009, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018.
* Superpoculum Hispanicum: 1983, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016.
* Poculum Ligae: 1983, 1986.
* Europeae Liga: 1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015.
* Poculi victorum-Poculum: 1979, 1982, 1989, 1997.
* Europaeum Superpoculum: 1992, 1997, 2009, 2011, 2015.
* Mundiale Poculum: 2009, 2011, 2015.
* Latinum Poculum: 1949, 1952.

==Nexus externi==
*[http://www.fcbarcelona.com/ Situs interretialis.] www.fcbarcelona.com.

[[Categoria:Constituta 1899]]
[[Categoria:Societates pediludii|Barcelona]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Meloius mons</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2625" sha1="9n0w1ewq0e65xz6ydpjjvpph18hgvvl" xml:space="preserve">{{Arca transitus|
imago=Maloja04.jpg|
nomen vulgare=[[Italiane|Italiano sermone]] ''Passo del Maloggia'', [[Germanice|Germanico sermone]] ''Malojapass'', [[Romancica lingua |Romancico sermone]] ''Malögia''|
capitulum=[[Deversorium]] apud transitum|
Altitudo=1815|
Terra=[[Helvetia]]|
Regio=[[Grisonia]]|
Oppidum= Inter [[Clavenna]]m et [[urbs Sancti Mauritii|oppidum Sancti Mauritii]]|
|latd                                  =46 
|latm                                  =24 
|lats                                  =4
|latNS                                 =N  
|longd                                 =9 
|longm                                 =41 
|longs                                 =42
|longEW                                =E|
}}
'''Moleius''',&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0005/bsb00050913/images/index.html?id=00050913&amp;groesser=&amp;fip=193.174.98.30&amp;no=&amp;seite=578 '''Moleius mons, Malogia''': Malojapass]&quot;: {{Graesse}}&lt;/ref&gt; melius '''Meloius mons'''&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[[Bregallia]] (''Bergel'') attingit in superiori sui parte [[Septimus mons|Septimum]], itemque Meloium, ex quo Mairae ortus&quot; {{Google Books|pgBdAAAAcAAJ|p. 191}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Meloius (mons)&quot;: Jules Robbi, ''Ils terms per ils noms dellas vschinaunchas, fracziuns e cuorts del Chantun Grischun dad hoz in di ed aunz l'an 1500'' (Eggerling, 1916) [https://archive.org/details/ilstermsperilsno00robbuoft/page/72 p. 73]&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Italiane]] ''Passo del Maloggia'') est [[transitus]] montanus altus in [[Alpes|Alpibus]] [[Helvetia|Helveticis]] sitis.

Vocabulum parvam silvam [[alnus|alnorum]] dicere vult et eo nomine locus a pastoribus [[Vallis Telina|Vallis Telinae]] appellatus erat. Transitus ad vicum [[Malogia]] inter [[Clavenna]]m et [[Fanum Sancti Mauritii|oppidum Sancti Mauritii]] iacet. [[Altitudo]] est 1815 metrorum. Praecipuum loci est quod ex hac parte Clavenna 325 metris super mare iacet, quae urbs 32 chiliometris ad meridionalem abest, illinc [[Batavia Bavariae]] septentrionalem versus proxima urbs eiusdem altitudinis 500 chiliometris a Malogia abest. 

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* Adolf Wäber, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20210617230445/https://download.burgenverein-untervaz.ch/downloads/dorfgeschichte/1911-Fr%C3%BChere%20B%C3%BCndner%20Bergnamen.pdf Bündner Berg- und Passnamen vor dem XIX. Jahrhundert]&quot; in ''Jahrbuch der Schweizer Alpenclub'' (1911/1912) pp. 148-182

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Malojapass|Meloium montem}}
{{Fontes geographici}}

{{transitus Alpium}}

[[Categoria:Res geographicae Grisoniae]]
[[Categoria:Transitus Alpium]]
[[Categoria:Vallis Eniatina]]
[[Categoria:Viae Helvetiae]]</text>
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    <title>Christianus Röhrensee</title>
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      <text bytes="1336" sha1="9gbwmfy6l5nlwilww9f9enz67cqzmbd" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa  hominis Vicidata}}
''' Christianus Röhrensee,''' (natus die [[24 Octobris]] [[1641]] [[Alticollum|Alticolli]] -[[Theodisce]] ''Hohnstein''- mortuus die [[16 Maii]] [[1706]] [[Wittenberga]]e) fuit studiosus rerum [[ethica]]rum et [[politica]]rum [[Germania|Germanicus]].

== Opera selecta ==
* Prudentiam moralem
* Tractatum de ordine equestri
* De iure aedificandi maiestatico, Wittenberg 1668
* De ritu scindendi vestes 1668
* De iure armorum 1669
* De fortitudine, 1669
* De iure muniendi, 1670
* De iure circa aquas maiestatico, 1671
* De causis virtutum moralium, 1671
* De iure maiestatis in Academias 1671
* De torneamentis, 1671
* De virtutibus doctrinae morum &amp; illarum oppositis, 1671
* De regno Ieroboami, 1675
* De callidis hostium consiliis 1675
* De pactis fundamentalibus, 1675
* De actione metu maioris mali edita, 1677
* De poena innocentis, 1680
* De monomachia Davidis cum Goliatho, 1681
* De connubiis illustrium, 1682
* De dignitatibus Academicis, 1682
* De Platone caecutiente 1686
* Fundamentum iuris naturae 1687
* De Homiletica adumbrata, 1693
* De iure venationis maiestati asserto,

{{bio-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rohrensee, Christianus}}

[[Categoria:Scriptores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Historici Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini recentiores]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1641]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1706]]</text>
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    <title>Matthias Flacius</title>
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''' Matthias Flacius''', dictus '''Illyricus,''' natus '''Matija Vlačić''' ([[1520]]–[[1575]]), fuit [[theologus]] [[Martinus Lutherus|Lutheranus]].

== Vita ==
Natus est [[Albona]]e in vico apud meridionale [[Istria]]e litus die [[3 Martii]] [[1520]]. Mortuus est [[Francofurtum ad Moenum|Francofurti ad Moenum]] die [[11 Martii]] [[1575]].

== Opera ==
* ''Antilogia Papae: hoc est de corrupto ecclesiae statu, et totius cleri Papistici perversitate.'' [[Basilia (urbs)|Basiliae]] 1555 (reimpressum ab [[Eduardus Brown|Eduardo Brown]] in [http://www.mgh-bibliothek.de/cgi-bin/Gratius02.pl?seite=9 Fasciculus rerum expetendarum et fugiendarum] Londinii 1690).
* ''Catalogus testium veritatis'', Basiliae 1556 (reimpressum et amplificatum Argentorati 1562).
* ''Clavis Scripturae Sacrae'', Basiliae 1567.
* ''Varia doctorum piorumque virorum de corruptu ecclesiae statu poemata'' Wittenbergiae 1557.
*Anno 1562 edidit unicum manuscriptum exstans libelli [[Iulius Firmicus Maternus|Firmici Materni]] ''De errore profanarum religionum'' quem in bibliotheca forte invenerat dum fontes historiae ecclesiasticae quaerit.

== Nexus externi ==
* {{BBKL|f/flacius_m|auctor=Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz|commentatio=FLACIUS (eigentlich: Vlacich), Matthias|tomus=2|columnae=43-48}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080404151925/http://www.eresie.it/it/id405.htm  De Matthia Flacio in pagina haeresibus dicata] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}

{{bio-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Flacius, Matthias}}
[[Categoria:Nati 1520]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1575]]
[[Categoria:Eruditi Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Eruditi Helvetiae]]
[[Categoria:Praeclari homines Ecclesiae emendationis]]
[[Categoria:Theologi]]</text>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4472" sha1="js86hkbc0bn2eepmezd8gnksijoik4s" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
''' Carolus Fridricus May''' fuit [[scriptor]] [[Germania|Germanicus]], qui praecipue [[fabula]]s de [[periegesis|peregrinationibus]] scripsit. Natus est die [[25 Februarii]] [[1842]] in Ernstthal ([[Saxonia]]), mortuus die [[30 Martii]] [[1912]] in Radebeul.
== Vita ==
Filius textoris pueritiam [[paupertas|pauperem]] habuit. Usque aetatem quinque annorum caecus erat, quod fortasse fabulationum ingenio posteriori succursurum erat. Frequentavit seminaria magistrorum in oppidis Waldenburg et [[Plavia]]e, attamen haud longum auxiliaris instructor erat. Propter [[horologia]] ablata anno 1861 condamnatus annos duodecim sequentes propter diversa minora delicta saepe ex inopia commissa in carcere degebat.

Annis inter 1875 et 1877 redactor creatus est apud domum editoriam Münchmeyer [[Dresda]]e, cum praeterea ipse scriptor fieri inciperet. Primo historiunculas in vicis Metalliferae regionis (Erzgebirge) actas descripsit. Annis inter 1882 et 1885 sequebantur quinque mythistoriae molles et captantissimae (''Das Waldröschen'' et alia) necnon primae historiae de itineribus ficticiis quae vocabantur ''Reiseerzählungen''. Contigit ei res in [[America Septentrionalis|America Septentrionali]] sive in [[Levans|Levanti]] gestas affabre enarrare, ubi heroes amabiles excitantesque in plagis acuratissime descriptis in prodeunt. Cum figuris certis auctor ipse sese identificavit: bubulcus Old Shatterhand origine Germana in Levanti Kara Ben Nemsi nuncupatur. Amicus orientalis Hadschi Halef Omar facetus Europaeum aequare non potest, cum [[Indi Americani|Indus Americanus]] Winnetou, gentis cuiusdam princeps, prototypus humanus insuperabilis et maxime benignus praesentatur.

Hic miscentur pueriles [[phantasia (genus)|phantasiae]] de omnipotentia cum convictione de Germanorum superioritate; tamen religiositas integra et [[dualismus]] rixae inter [[bonum (ethica)|bonum]] et [[malum (ethica)|malum]] aeternae quoque historiis inest. Elementa captantia omnia haec lectores et nostris temporibus allicere queunt.

== Successus prosper ==
''Villa Shatterhand'' in Radebeul apud Dresdam a Carolo May empta est, cum [[typographia|typographicae]] editiones historiarum itinerariarum (anno 1892 in 33 voluminibus) passim venderentur. Inter omnes notissimae sunt narrationes ''Winnetou'' (3 vol, 1893) et ''Der Schatz im Silbersee'' (1894) necnon sex volumina rerum gestarum orientalium (''Durch die Wüste, Durchs wilde Kurdistan, Von Bagdad nach Stambul, In den Schluchten des Balkan, Durch das Land der Skipetaren, Der Schut'', 1892). 

In libris Caroli May aetate provecti mystica privata eminebant (''Im Reiche des silbernen Löwen'', 1898; ''Babel und Bibel'', 1906). Gravissimum opus periodi novissimae habetur allegoria intineraria ''Ardistan und Dschinnistan'' (1909), ubi de totius mundi desiderio pacis aeternae inveniendae philosophatur. 

Locos ipsos historiarum May haud ante annum 1899 visitavit. Anno 1910 autobiographia praetitulata ''Mein Leben und Streben'' edita est. Aegritudo, lites oratae, divortium ultimos annos obscurabant. Pneumonia [[Vindobona]]e affectus est, ubi ante plus quam duo milia hominum - inter quos et [[Bertha von Suttner]] - orationem habuerat de regno hominum nobilium.

== Gravitudo ==
De valore istius auctoris, qui Theodisca lingua plurimas omnium editiones habet, disputatur et hodie. Inde ab annis 1960 etiam scienti occupantur phaenomeno May: anno 1969 Societas &quot;Karl May&quot; condita est ad res Mayanas provehendas. Nonnullae fabulae Milesiae annis 1960 cinematographatae sunt, in quibus [[Petrus Brice]] partes Winnetou egit.  Inde ab anno 1952 festa Mayana cum spectaculis sub divo diversis in locis (Bad Segeberg, Elspe et alibi) fiunt. Musea de Carolo May et in Radebeul et [[Alticollum-Vallis Ernesti|Alticolli-Valle Ernesti]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenstein-Ernstthal'') sunt. 

&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Karl_May_Geburtshaus.jpg|Domus natalis
Fasciculus:Karl May Grab1.jpg|Sepulcrum familiae
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Libri Latine redditi]]
* [[348 May]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{communia|Karl May|Carolum May}}

{{PND|118818651|nomen=Caroli May  aut de Carolo May}}

* [http://karl-may-gesellschaft.de/ Societas Carolo May dicata] 
* [http://www.karl-may-buecher.de Bibliographia] 
* [http://www.karl-may-bibliografie.de Bibliographia] 

{{bio-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:May, Carolus}}

[[Categoria:Scriptores Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1842]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1912]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Theodisci]]</text>
      <sha1>js86hkbc0bn2eepmezd8gnksijoik4s</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Panthaleo de Conflentia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>58276</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965294</id>
      <parentid>1221189</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T12:43:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
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      <minor />
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      <text bytes="1402" sha1="aqerag80oxuxns60tj2vm8pq5ksfnx6" xml:space="preserve">{{L}}
'''Panthaleo de Conflentia''' ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Pantaleone da Confienza''; natus circa annum [[1417]]; mortuus post annum [[1497]]) fuit medicus ducum [[Ducatus Sabaudiae|Sabaudiae]], professor universitatum [[Universitas Taurinensis|Taurinensis]] et [[Universitas Ticinensis|Papiensis]], scriptor de [[caseus|caseis]] et [[lacticina|lacticiniis]].

== Opera ==
* ''[[Summa lacticiniorum]]'' (1477 edita)
* ''De secretis'' (liber anno ignoto editus, nobis non servatus)
* ''[[Pillularium omnibus medicis quam necessarium]]'' (1484 editum)

== Bibliographia ==
* ''Pantaleone da Confienza: Trattato dei latticini'' (interpretibus Walter Lapini, Adriano Toti) edd. Emilio Faccioli, Irma Naso. Bra: Slow Food, 2001
* Irma Naso, ''Università e sapere medico nel Quattrocento. Pantaleone da Confienza e le sue opere''. Cunei: Società per le Studi Storici, 2000
* Francesca Romana Berno, &quot;Cheese's revenge: Pantaleone da Confienza and the ''Summa Lacticiniorum''&quot; in ''[[Petits propos culinaires]]'' no. 69 (2002) pp. 21-44

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biographici}}

[[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]]
[[Categoria:Medici Italiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Sabaudiae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Taurinensis]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Ticinensis]]
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 15 aut 16]]</text>
      <sha1>aqerag80oxuxns60tj2vm8pq5ksfnx6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965303</id>
      <parentid>3965294</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T13:57:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Bibliographia */</comment>
      <origin>3965303</origin>
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      <text bytes="1388" sha1="0o1bwsw8jsxwzq029iory76ll24eozn" xml:space="preserve">{{L}}
'''Panthaleo de Conflentia''' ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Pantaleone da Confienza''; natus circa annum [[1417]]; mortuus post annum [[1497]]) fuit medicus ducum [[Ducatus Sabaudiae|Sabaudiae]], professor universitatum [[Universitas Taurinensis|Taurinensis]] et [[Universitas Ticinensis|Papiensis]], scriptor de [[caseus|caseis]] et [[lacticina|lacticiniis]].

== Opera ==
* ''[[Summa lacticiniorum]]'' (1477 edita)
* ''De secretis'' (liber anno ignoto editus, nobis non servatus)
* ''[[Pillularium omnibus medicis quam necessarium]]'' (1484 editum)

== Bibliographia ==
* Emilio Faccioli, ed.; Walter Lapini, Adriano Toti, interprr., ''Pantaleone da Confienza: Trattato dei latticini''. Bra: Slow Food, 2001
* Irma Naso, ''Università e sapere medico nel Quattrocento. Pantaleone da Confienza e le sue opere''. Cunei: Società per le Studi Storici, 2000
* Francesca Romana Berno, &quot;Cheese's revenge: Pantaleone da Confienza and the ''Summa Lacticiniorum''&quot; in ''[[Petits propos culinaires]]'' no. 69 (2002) pp. 21-44

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biographici}}

[[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]]
[[Categoria:Medici Italiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Sabaudiae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Taurinensis]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Ticinensis]]
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 15 aut 16]]</text>
      <sha1>0o1bwsw8jsxwzq029iory76ll24eozn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965305</id>
      <parentid>3965303</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T14:00:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Bibliographia */</comment>
      <origin>3965305</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1400" sha1="7ru7cjrnl0e69vcsz0ivc9lw2b819hq" xml:space="preserve">{{L}}
'''Panthaleo de Conflentia''' ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Pantaleone da Confienza''; natus circa annum [[1417]]; mortuus post annum [[1497]]) fuit medicus ducum [[Ducatus Sabaudiae|Sabaudiae]], professor universitatum [[Universitas Taurinensis|Taurinensis]] et [[Universitas Ticinensis|Papiensis]], scriptor de [[caseus|caseis]] et [[lacticina|lacticiniis]].

== Opera ==
* ''[[Summa lacticiniorum]]'' (1477 edita)
* ''De secretis'' (liber anno ignoto editus, nobis non servatus)
* ''[[Pillularium omnibus medicis quam necessarium]]'' (1484 editum)

== Bibliographia ==
* Emilio Faccioli, Irma Naso, edd.; Walter Lapini, Adriano Toti, interprr., ''Pantaleone da Confienza: Trattato dei latticini''. Bra: Slow Food, 2001
* Irma Naso, ''Università e sapere medico nel Quattrocento. Pantaleone da Confienza e le sue opere''. Cunei: Società per le Studi Storici, 2000
* Francesca Romana Berno, &quot;Cheese's revenge: Pantaleone da Confienza and the ''Summa Lacticiniorum''&quot; in ''[[Petits propos culinaires]]'' no. 69 (2002) pp. 21-44

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biographici}}

[[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]]
[[Categoria:Medici Italiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Sabaudiae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Taurinensis]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Ticinensis]]
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 15 aut 16]]</text>
      <sha1>7ru7cjrnl0e69vcsz0ivc9lw2b819hq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965353</id>
      <parentid>3965305</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T20:23:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3965353</origin>
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      <text bytes="1596" sha1="j0e29z5b29i81ycbrvczajnlzhvujog" xml:space="preserve">{{L}}
'''Panthaleo de Conflentia''' ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Pantaleone da Confienza''; natus circa annum [[1417]]; mortuus post annum [[1497]]) fuit medicus ducum [[Ducatus Sabaudiae|Sabaudiae]], professor universitatum [[Universitas Taurinensis|Taurinensis]] et [[Universitas Ticinensis|Papiensis]], scriptor de [[caseus|caseis]] et [[lacticina|lacticiniis]].

== Opera ==
* ''[[Summa lacticiniorum]]'' (1477 edita)
* ''De secretis'' (liber anno ignoto editus, nobis non servatus)
* ''[[Pillularium omnibus medicis quam necessarium]]'' (1484 editum)

== Bibliographia ==
* Emilio Faccioli, Irma Naso, edd.; Walter Lapini, Adriano Toti, interprr., ''Pantaleone da Confienza: Trattato dei latticini''. Bra: Slow Food, 2001; [https://www.academia.edu/43516284/Pantaleone_da_Confienza_Trattato_dei_latticini_Summa_lacticiniorum_introduzione_di_Emilio_Faccioli_traduzione_di_Walter_Lapini_Adriano_Toti_Milano_1990 Textus]
* Irma Naso, ''Università e sapere medico nel Quattrocento. Pantaleone da Confienza e le sue opere''. Cunei: Società per le Studi Storici, 2000
* Francesca Romana Berno, &quot;Cheese's revenge: Pantaleone da Confienza and the ''Summa Lacticiniorum''&quot; in ''[[Petits propos culinaires]]'' no. 69 (2002) pp. 21-44

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biographici}}

[[Categoria:Scriptores de re cibaria]]
[[Categoria:Medici Italiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Sabaudiae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Taurinensis]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Ticinensis]]
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 15]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 15 aut 16]]</text>
      <sha1>j0e29z5b29i81ycbrvczajnlzhvujog</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Summa lacticiniorum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>58278</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965354</id>
      <parentid>3841798</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T20:24:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2329" sha1="prsj52q2fk61sjebvas42kw3pv8wru4" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
'''''Summa lacticiniorum''''' est liber de [[caseus|caseis]] [[lacticinia|lacticiniisque]], primus omnium huius generis operum, a medico [[Italia|Italico]] [[Panthaleo de Conflentia|Panthaleone de Conflentia]] scriptus, anno [[1477]] editus.

== Editiones ==
* ''Summa lacticiniorum completa''. Taurini: Iohannes Faber, 1477 {{Ling|Latine}}
* ''Pillularium omnibus medicis quam necessarium; Summa lacticiniorum completa omnibus idonea ...'' Papiae: Iacob de Burgofrancho, 1508 [https://archive.org/details/GE0036C.C.470/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''. Reimpressum 1516 {{Google Books|M3hVAAAAcAAJ|f. 12 sqq.}}. Reimpressum 1525 {{Google Books|gKZjAAAAcAAJ|f. 15v sqq.}} {{Ling|Latine}}
* ''Formaggio del medioevo: la &quot;Summa lacticiniorum&quot; di Pantaleone da Confienza'' ed. Irma Naso. Taurini: Il Segnalibro, 1990 {{Ling|Latine}}
* Pantaleone da Confienza, ''Trattato dei latticini'' (interpretibus Walter Lapini, Adriano Toti) ed. Emilio Faccioli. Mediolani: Grana Padano, 1990 {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}
** Ed. 2a: Pantaleone da Confienza, ''Trattato dei latticini'' (interpretibus Walter Lapini, Adriano Toti) edd. Emilio Faccioli, Irma Naso. Bra: Slow Food, 2001 {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}; [https://www.academia.edu/43516284/Pantaleone_da_Confienza_Trattato_dei_latticini_Summa_lacticiniorum_introduzione_di_Emilio_Faccioli_traduzione_di_Walter_Lapini_Adriano_Toti_Milano_1990 Textus]

== Bibliographia ==
* [[Piero Camporesi]], &quot;Certosini e marzolini: l'Iter casearium di Pantaleone da Confienza nell'Europa dei latticini&quot; in libro eiusdem ''La miniera del mondo. Artieri, inventori, impostori'' (Mediolani: Il Saggiatore, 1990) pp. 89-117
* [[Bruno Laurioux]] editionem Irmae Naso recensuit in ''Food and Foodways'' vol. 8 (1999-2000) pp. 136-139
* Irma Naso, ''Università e sapere medico nel Quattrocento. Pantaleone da Confienza e le sue opere''. Cunei: Società per le Studi Storici, 2000
* Francesca Romana Berno, &quot;Cheese's revenge: Pantaleone da Confienza and the Summa Lacticiniorum&quot; in ''[[Petits propos culinaires]]'' no. 69 (2002) pp. 21-44

{{Nexus absunt}}

[[Categoria:Casei]]
[[Categoria:Libri de re coquinaria Latine scripti]]
[[Categoria:Libri de re rustica]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae Renascentes]]
[[Categoria:Sabaudiae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Scripta 1477]]</text>
      <sha1>prsj52q2fk61sjebvas42kw3pv8wru4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pillularium omnibus medicis quam necessarium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>58288</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965355</id>
      <parentid>3763307</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T20:25:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3965355</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1191" sha1="s2nc4nswjxd7l3z4ddok19bcnigpfge" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
'''''Pillularium omnibus medicis quam necessarium''''' est liber de [[medicamenta|medicamentis]] et praecipue de [[pilulum|pilulis]], primus omnium huius generis operum, a medico [[Italia|Italico]] [[Panthaleo de Confientia|Panthaleone de Confientia]] scriptum, anno [[1484]] editum.

== Editiones ==
* ''Pillularium omnibus medicis quam necessarium''. 1484 {{Ling|Latine}}
* ''Pillularium omnibus medicis quam necessarium; Summa lacticiniorum completa omnibus idonea ...'' Papiae: Iacob de Burgofrancho, 1508. Reimpressum 1516 {{Ling|Latine}}

{{NexInt}}
* [[Libri de medicamentis aevo litterarum renatarum scripti]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.maremagnum.com/index.php?option=com_ricerca&amp;task=risult&amp;Itemid=999&amp;desiditem=32787616&amp;frommm=1 Exemplum editionis 1516 venale]{{Nexus deficitur|date=April 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Anglice}}

== Bibliographia ==
* Irma Naso, ''Università e sapere medico nel Quattrocento. Pantaleone da Confienza e le sue opere''. Cunei: Società per le Studi Storici, 2000

{{Nexus absunt}}

[[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae Renascentes]]
[[Categoria:Italiae scripta]]</text>
      <sha1>s2nc4nswjxd7l3z4ddok19bcnigpfge</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dolina</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>66972</id>
    <redirect title="Villa Sancti Odorici" />
    <revision>
      <id>3965448</id>
      <parentid>3251356</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T08:23:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>EmausBot</username>
        <id>23083</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>rectificatio redirectionis duplicis → [[Villa Sancti Odorici]]</comment>
      <origin>3965448</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34" sha1="o998776qf5fx13l590ma0umdwawluh6" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Villa Sancti Odorici]]</text>
      <sha1>o998776qf5fx13l590ma0umdwawluh6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Angilbertus Centulensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>71844</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965425</id>
      <parentid>3931210</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T05:15:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3965425</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1973" sha1="okd8rnq1tg8u3u5iwf9e1yigkze2smw" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

Sanctus {{res|Angilbertus}} (natus medio [[saeculum 8|saeculo octavo]]; mortuus [[18 Februarii]] [[814]]) fuit [[abbas]], [[vir publicus]], et [[poeta]] [[Franci]]cus, qui curiae [[Carolus Magnus|Caroli Magni]] servit. Ortus e [[nobilis|gente nobili]], in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Schola palatii|schola palatina|fr|qid=Q2822442}} [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]] sub [[Alcuinus|Alcuinum]] eruditus est, ubi more [[schola]]e [[Homerus|Homeri]] nomine nuncupabatur.

Cum Carolus [[Pippinus (filius Karoli Magni)|Pippinum]] filium [[Italia]]m miserit ut [[Langobardi|Langobardos]] regeret, Angilbertus primicerius palatii, scilicet summus curiae minister, ei comitatus est, ubi regi adiumentum ad Italiam gubernandam familiaris praebuit. Ter quidem legatus ad [[papa]]m Romanum missus est.

Anno [[790]], adhuc laicus, [[Centulum|Centulensis]] (aliter Sancti Richarii nuncupatum) creatus est [[abbas]], ubi propter praefecturam eius illustrissimam postea notus foret sanctus.

Angilbertus e filia [[Carolus Magnus|Caroli Magni]] nomine Bertha duos filios genuit, Hartnidum et [[Nithardus|Nithardum]], qui ''Historiarum libros quattuor'' scripsit. 

[[Bernowinus Claromontanus|Bernowini]] [[acrostichis|acrosticha]] fortasse huic Angilberto dedicata sunt.

==Opera==
* [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_poetae_1/index.htm#page/(355)/mode/1up Angilberti (Homeri) carmina] in ''Monumentis Germaniae Historicis'' 
* ([https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_rer_germ_44/index.htm#page/(51)/mode/1up Angelberti rhythmus de pugna Fontanetica] in ''Monumentis Germaniae Historicis'')

==Nexus externi==
{{Fontes biographici}}
* {{CathEnc|01490b|res de Angilberto}}

[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 8]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 814]]
[[Categoria:Abbates]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini mediaevales]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini regni Carolingorum]]
[[Categoria:Renovatio Carolingiana]]
[[Categoria:Sancti]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Germaniae]]</text>
      <sha1>okd8rnq1tg8u3u5iwf9e1yigkze2smw</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Marcus Antonius Flaminius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>73215</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965338</id>
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      <text bytes="1338" sha1="35rdy5fmmjlcszehliv4faa91xfj6k6" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Sebastiano del Piombo Portrait of a Humanist.jpg|thumb|'' Marcus Antonius Flaminio'', [[Sebastianus del Piombo]] pinxit]]
[[Fasciculus:Flaminio - Paraphrasis in duodecimum Aristotelis librum De prima philosophia, 1536 - 4379348.tif|thumb|''Paraphrasis in duodecimum Aristotelis librum'', 1536]]

''' Marcus Antonius Flaminius ''' (natus [[Victorius Venetorum|Victorii Venetorum]] anno [[1498]]; mortuus est anno [[1550]] [[Roma]]e) fuit scriptor et [[humanista]] [[Italia|Italicus]].

== Opera selecta ==
* ''Paraphrasis in duodecimum Aristotelis librum de prima philosophia''. 1536
* ''Antonii Flaminii In librum psalmorum brevis explanatio''. [1546?]
* ''Carmina''. 1548
* ''Paraphrasis in triginta psalmos''. 1552
* ''Paraphrases in omnes Davidis psalmos versibus expressa''. 1561
* ''Epistolae aliquot M. Antonii Flaminii, de veritate doctrinae eruditae''. 1571

== Nexus externi==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071017062502/http://eresie.it/id589.htm Biographia] (italienisch)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928011951/http://www.edres.it/flamini.html Brevis biographia cum imaginibus] (italienisch)

{{bio-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Flaminius, Marcus Antonius}}

[[Categoria:Humanistae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Italiae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1498]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1550]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Conradus Zdarsa</title>
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      <text bytes="639" sha1="0uxyuze6rruc0vu408t2tkayhvxt1mh" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of Konrad Zdarsa.svg|thumbnail]]

'''Conradus Zdarsa''' (natus [[Parvum Nemus Misnicum|Parvo Nemore Misnico]] -Theodisce ''Hainichen''- in Saxonia die [[7 Iulii]] [[1944]]) est [[episcopus]] [[Dioecesis Augustana Vindelicorum|Augustanus Vindelicorum]]). 

== Nexus externi ==
{{commonscat|Konrad Zdarsa}}
* {{CathHierBishop|zdarsa}}
* {{PND|134148789}}
 {{bio-stipula}}

{{Archiepiscopi et episcopi Germaniae}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Zdarsa, Conradus}}

[[Categoria:Episcopi Augustani Vindelicorum]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1944]]
[[Categoria:Homines vivi]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Euphausiacea</title>
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      <comment>~ (10K)</comment>
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      <text bytes="7271" sha1="eqgcx2vyr89g685i5b3jor8ugxl38n5" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name=Euphausiacea
| image=Meganyctiphanes norvegica2.jpg
| image_width=250px
| image_caption=''Meganyctiphanes norvegica''
| regnum=[[Animalia]]
| phylum=[[Arthropoda]]
| subphylum=[[Crustacea]]
| classis=[[Malacostraca]]
| superordo=[[Eucarida]]
| ordo='''Euphausiacea'''
| ordo_authority=[[Iacobus Dwight Dana|Dana]], [[1852]]
| subdivision_ranks=[[Familia]]e et [[genus (taxinomia)|genera]]
| subdivision =
'''Euphausiidae'''
* ''[[Euphausia]]'' &lt;small&gt;Dana, 1852&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Meganyctiphanes]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Ernestus Gulielmus Lyons Holt|Holt]] et [[Gualterius Medley Tattersall|Tattersall]], 1905&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Nematobrachion]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Gulielmus Thomas Calman|Calman]], 1905&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Nematoscelis]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Georgius Sars|Sars]], 1883&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Nyctiphanes]]'' &lt;small&gt;Sars, 1883&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Pseudeuphausia]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Henricus Iacobus Hansen|Hansen]], 1910&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Stylocheiron]]'' &lt;small&gt;Sars, 1883&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Tessarabrachion]]'' &lt;small&gt;Hansen, 1911&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Thysanoessa]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Ioannes Fridericus von Brandt|Brandt]], 1851&lt;/small&gt;
* ''[[Thysanopoda]]'' &lt;small&gt;[[Petrus Andreas Latreille|Latreille]], 1831&lt;/small&gt;
'''Bentheuphausiidae'''
* ''[[Bentheuphausia amblyops]]'' &lt;small&gt;Sars, 1883&lt;/small&gt;
}}

'''Euphausiacea''' sunt minima [[crustacea]], permulta marina quasi [[caridea]] [[animal]]ia [[invertebrata]], gravissimae [[plancton|zooplanctonis]] [[corpus (physica)|corporis]] compages&lt;!--organism, ait Cassell's--&gt;,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Krill,&quot; ''[[Encarta]]'' Reference Library Premium 2005.&lt;/ref&gt; praecipue [[victus]] [[mysticeti|mysticetorum]], [[manta]]rum, [[rhincodontidae|rhincodontidarum]], ''[[Lobodon carcinophagus|Lobodontium carcinophagorum]],'' aliorum [[pinnipedia|pinnipediorum]], et nonnullarum [[species|specierum]] [[avis marinus|avium maritimorum]], qui paene solum eis vescuntur. ''Krill,'' eorum nomen in multis linguis, est vox [[lingua Norvegica|Norvegica]] quae '[[examen (piscis)|examen]] (piscis)' significat, etiam aliis piscium speciebus tributa.
[[Fasciculus:Krill swarm.jpg|thumb|left|Examen euphausiidarum.]]

Euphausiacea omnes [[orbis terrarum]] oceanos habitant. Trophicus nexus magni momenti aestimantur, prope imam {{Creanda|en|food chain|Catena cibaria|catenam cibarium}} inventus.&lt;!-- because they feed on {{Creanda|en|Phytoplancton}} and to a lesser extent {{Creanda|en|Zooplankton|zooplancton}}, converting these into a form suitable for many larger animals for whom krill makes up the largest part of their diet.--&gt; In [[Oceanus Meridianus|Oceano Meridiano]], una species, ''[[Euphausia superba]],'' [[biomassa]]m plus quam 500 milliona{{dubsig}} [[tonna]]rum&lt;!--tonnes--&gt; componit, circiter bis tantum biomassam [[homo|hominum]].&lt;!-- Of this, over half is eaten by [[whale]]s, [[pinniped|seals]], [[penguin]]s, [[squid]] and [[fish]] each year, and is replaced by growth and reproduction. Most krill species display large daily vertical migrations, thus providing food for predators near the surface at night and in deeper waters during the day.--&gt;

Piscatus Euphausiaceorum [[commercium|commercii]] in [[Oceanus Australia|Oceano Australi]] et in [[aqua|aquis]] circum [[Iaponia]]m efficitur.&lt;!-- The total global harvest amounts to 150,000–200,000 [[tonne]]s annually, most of this from the [[Scotia Sea]]. Most of the krill catch is used for [[aquaculture]] and [[aquarium]] feeds, as [[bait (luring substance)|bait]] in sport fishing, or in the pharmaceutical industry. In Japan and Russia, krill is also used for human consumption and is known as {{nihongo|''okiami''|オキアミ}}{{ref|1}} in Japan.--&gt;

==Taxinomia==
Ordo Euphausiacea diffinditur in duas [[familia (taxinomia)|familias taxinomicas]], quarum [[Bentheuphausiidae|Bentheuphausiidis]] est solum una species, ''[[Bentheuphausia amblyops]],'' [[animal]] [[bathypelagicus|bathypelagicum]],&lt;!--should be a noun to be an article? It's an adj. in Wikipedia--&gt; quod aquas profundas sub 1000 m (3300 pedum) habitat; veterrimum omnium euphausiaceorum viventium habetur.&lt;ref&gt;E. Brinton, &quot;The Distribution of Pacific Euphausiids,&quot; ''Bulletin of Scripps Institute of Oceanography'' 8(2):51–270, 1962, http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio/bulletin/8no2.&lt;/ref&gt; Alia familia, [[Euphausiidae]], decem continet [[genus (taxinomia)|genera]], in summa octoginta quinque species, quarum genus ''[[Euphausia]]'' est maximum, triginta unam species habens.&lt;ref&gt;{{ITIS|ID=95496|taxon=Euphausiacea}}&lt;/ref&gt; Clarissimae, praecipue propter [[piscatus|piscatum]] [[commercium|commercii]], sunt ''[[Euphausia pacifica]],'' ''[[Euphausia superba]],'' et ''[[Meganyctiphanes norvegica]].''

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;

==Bibliographia==
* Boden, Brian P., Martin W. Johnson, et Edward Brinton. [[1955]].  [http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio/bulletin/6no8/ &quot;Euphausiacea (Crustacea) of the North Pacific.&quot;] ''Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography'' 6 (8).
* Brinton, Edward. [[1975]]. [http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio/naga/4pt5/ &quot;Euphausiids of Southeast Asian waters.&quot;] ''Naga Report'' 4(5). La Jolla: University of California, Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
* Conway, D. V. P., R. G. White, J. Hugues-Dit-Ciles, C. P. Galienne, D. B. Robins. [[2003]]. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20121023115546/http://www.mba.ac.uk/nmbl/publications/occpub/occasionalpub15.htm &quot;Guide to the Coastal and Surface Zooplankton of the South-Western Indian Ocean].&quot; [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927161104/http://www.mba.ac.uk/nmbl/publications/occpub/guide/section13.pdf Order Euphausiacea], Occasional Publication of the [[Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom]] 15, Plymouth, UK.
* Everson, I., ed. [[2000]]. ''Krill: Biology, Ecology and Fisheries.'' Oxford, Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-05565-0.
* Mauchline, J. [[1971]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110515085757/http://www.ices.dk/products/fiche/Plankton/SHEET134.PDF &quot;Euphausiacea: ''Adults.''&quot;] ''Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer.'' Fasciculus [[PDF]], 2 Mb.
* Mauchline, J. [[1971]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120419210608/http://www.ices.dk/products/fiche/Plankton/SHEET135-137.PDF &quot;Euphausiacea: ''Larvae.''&quot;] ''Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer.'' Fasciculus PDF, 3 Mb.
* Tett, P. [[2005]]. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20030823090126/http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/MB/Euphausiid03.html &quot;The Biology of Euphausiids.&quot;] Notae ex [https://web.archive.org/web/20050902210008/http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/MB/Index.html 2003 cursu in biologia marina], [[Napier University]].
* Tett, P. [[2005]]. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20051001074904/http://www.lifesciences.napier.ac.uk/teaching/MB/MB9.html Bioluminescence].'' Notae ex editione 1999/2000 eiusdem cursus.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Euphausiacea}}
{{Wikispecies|Euphausiacea}}
{{fontes biologici}}
* [http://www.aad.gov.au/webcams/krill/ Webcam of Krill Aquarium at Australian Antarctic Division]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090531064701/http://www.antarcticanimation.com/content/animation/energies/energies.php ''Vires Antarcticae,''] animatio a Lisa Roberts facta

[[Categoria:Crustacea commercii]]
[[Categoria:Crustacea edulia]]
[[Categoria:Malacostraca]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Dana]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1852]]

{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Meliaceae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="4184" sha1="tetsluwwhchmmw7p1qfacejbwu4c850" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = Meliaceae
| image = Chinaberry1216.JPG
| image_caption = ''[[Melia azedarach]]'' florescens
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicotyledones]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Rosidae]]
|ordo = [[Sapindales]]
| familia = '''Meliaceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision = Vide commentarium.
}}
'''Meliaceae''' sunt [[familia (taxinomia)|familia]] [[Angiospermae|plantarum florentium]], plerumque [[arbor]]um, [[frutex|fruticum]], et parvarum [[planta]]rum [[herba]]cearum in [[ordo (taxinomia)|ordine]] [[Sapindales|Sapindalium]].

Plantis huius familiae sunt [[folium|folia]] alterna, ferme pinnata sine [[stipula|stipulis]], et [[flos|flores]] syncarpi ut videtur bisexuales (sed plerumque crypto-unisexuales{{dubsig}}) in [[panicula|paniculis]], [[cyma|cymis]], [[spica|spicis]], vel fasciculis. Plurimae species sunt [[sempervirens|sempervirentes]], sed aliquae sunt [[deciduus|deciduae]], vel tempore sicco vel [[hiems|hieme]].

Familia circa quinquaginta genera et 550 species complectitur, distributione pantropica; unum genus (''Toona'') ad septentrionalem attingit in [[Sina]]m temperatam et ad meridionalem in [[Australia]]m meridio-orientalem; alium (''Melia'') paene in easdem regiones septentrionales.

== Usus ==
Variae species pro [[oleum vegetabile|oleo vegetabili]], [[sapo]]ne, [[insecticidum|insecticidis]],{{dubsig}} et [[lignum|ligno]] magni pretii ([[Anglice]]: ''mahogany'') adhibentur. Nonnullae graves [[oeconomia]]e species huius familiae sunt:
* ''[[Azadirachta indica]]'' ([[India]]; [[Anglice]]: ''neem tree'')
* ''[[Carapa procera]]'' ([[America Meridionalis]] et [[Africa]])
* ''[[Cedrela odorata]]'' ([[Media America]] et [[America Meridionalis]]; [[Anglice]]: ''Spanish cedar'')
* ''[[Entandrophragma cylindricum]]'' ([[Africa]] tropica)
* ''[[Entandrophragma utile]]'' ([[Africa]] tropica)
* ''[[Guarea cedrata]]'' ([[Africa]])
* ''[[Guarea thompsonii]]'' ([[Africa]])
* ''[[Khaya ivorensis]]'' ([[Africa]] tropica)
* ''[[Khaya senegalensis]]'' ([[Africa]] tropica)
* ''[[Melia azedarach]]'' ([[Terra Reginae]], [[India]], [[Sina]] meridionalis; [[Anglice]]: ''chinaberry, bead tree'')
* ''[[Swietenia]]'' species ([[Americae]] tropicae)
* ''[[Toona australis]]'' ([[Australia]]; saepe ''Toona ciliata'' posita, [[Anglice]]: ''Australian redcedar'')
* ''[[Toona ciliata]]'' ([[India]], [[Asia Meridionalis]], [[Australia]] orientalis)

== Genera ==
[[Fasciculus:Aglaiaodorata1web.jpg|thumb|''[[Aglaia odorata]]'']]
* ''[[Aglaia]]''
* ''[[Anthocarapa]]''
* ''[[Aphanamixis]]''
* ''[[Astrotrichilia]]''
* ''[[Azadirachta]]''
* ''[[Cabralea]]''
* ''[[Calodecarya]]''
* ''[[Capuronianthus]]''
* ''[[Carapa]]''
* ''[[Cedrela]]''
* ''[[Chisocheton]]''
* ''[[Chukrasia]]''
* ''[[Cipadessa]]''
* ''[[Dysoxylum]]''
* ''[[Ekebergia]]''
* ''[[Entandrophragma]]''
* ''[[Guarea]]''
* ''[[Heckeldora]]''
* ''[[Humbertioturraea]]''
* ''[[Khaya]]''
* ''[[Lansium]]''
* ''[[Lepidotrichilia]]''
* ''[[Lovoa]]''
* ''[[Malleastrum]]''
* ''[[Melia (plant)|Melia]]''
* ''[[Munronia]]''
* ''[[Naregamia]]''
* ''[[Neobeguea]]''
* ''[[Owenia]]''
* ''[[Pseudobersama]]''
* ''[[Pseudocarapa]]''
* ''[[Pseudocedrela]]''
* ''[[Pterorhachis]]''
* ''[[Reinwardtiodendron]]''
* ''[[Ruagea]]''
* ''[[Sandoricum]]''
* ''[[Schmardaea]]''
* ''[[Soymida]]''
* ''[[Sphaerosacme]]''
* ''[[Swietenia]]''
* ''[[Synoum]]''
* ''[[Toona]]''
* ''[[Trichilia]]''
* ''[[Turraea]]''
* ''[[Turraeanthus]]''
* ''[[Vavaea]]''
* ''[[Walsura]]''
* ''[[Xylocarpus]]''

== Bibliographia ==
* Pennington, T. D., et B. T. Styles. [[1975]]. &quot;A generic monograph of the Meliaceae.&quot; ''Blumea'' 22:419–540.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes de plantis}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ Meliaceae] in [https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/ L. Watson et M. J. Dallwitz (post 1992). The families of flowering plants.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929163235/http://www.mahoganyforthefuture.org/projectmeliaceae/ Project Meliaceae]

{{Biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Familiae plantarum]] 
[[Categoria:Meliaceae|!]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Robertus Seidel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>83360</id>
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      <text bytes="648" sha1="64g0rgaxcpilob9rh1v3a3e0w3jquzd" xml:space="preserve">''' Robertus Seidel''' (natus [[Mons Ecclesiae (Saxonia)|Monte Ecclesiae]] -[[Theodisce]] ''Kirchberg''-, in [[Saxonia]] die [[23 Novembris]] [[1850]]; [[Turicum (urbs) |Turici]] mortuus die [[19 Iulii]] [[1933]]) fuit [[praeceptor]] et [[scriptor]] [[Germania| Germanicus]] qui in [[Helvetia]] operam dedit. Anno [[1932]] operum omnium eius gratia [[Praemium Schiller]] accepit.

== Nexus externus ==
* {{PND|117463663}}

{{scriptor-stipula}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seidel, Robertus}}

[[Categoria:Scriptores Helvetiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Helvetiae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Theodisci]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1850 ]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1933 ]]</text>
      <sha1>64g0rgaxcpilob9rh1v3a3e0w3jquzd</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Franciscus Iosephus de Stein</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>89980</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965328</id>
      <parentid>3965282</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Bavarese</username>
        <id>43163</id>
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      <text bytes="877" sha1="0yrtqbrsha9zwh8ran95ff12ylndgck" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus: Franz Joseph von Stein.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Franciscus Iosephus de Stein.]]
[[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of Franz Joseph von Stein.svg|thumb|u[pright=0.8|Arma heraldica Francisci Iosephi de Stein.]]
'''Franciscus Iosephus de Stein''' (natus [[Amorbach]] in [[urbs|urbe Bavarica]] die [[4 Aprilis]] [[1832]]; [[Monacum|Monaci]] mortuus die [[4 Maii]] [[1909]]) fuit [[presbyter]] [[Germania|Germanicus]] et ab anno [[1898]] usque ad annum [[1909]] Monaci et [[Frisinga]]e [[archiepiscopus]] ([[Archidioecesis Monacensis et Frisingensis]]). Antea [[Herbipolis]] [[episcopus]] fuerat.

== Nexus externi ==
* {{CathHierBishop|steinf}}
* {{PND|118967703}}

{{bio-stipula}}
{{Archiepiscopi Monacenses et Frisingenses}}
{{Lifetime|1832|1909|Stein, Franciscus Iosephus de}}

[[Categoria:Archiepiscopi Monacenses et Frisingenses]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Arsenal Football Club</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>90995</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-17T19:50:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Damn me</username>
        <id>158195</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Celebri lusores */</comment>
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      <text bytes="3117" sha1="7zh572z97lhvbjh451kfi4gl3xucfhj" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa societatis pediludii
	| nomen = Arsenal FC&lt;br /&gt;''Arsenal PS''
	| imago = 600px Rosso Bianco e Blu con cannone dorato.svg
	| nomen plenum = Arsenal Football Club&lt;br /&gt;''Arsenal Pediludii Societas''
	| nomen aliud = 
	| nomina altia = ''Gunners''
	| instituta = [[1886]]
	| domus = [[Stadium Emirates]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Londinium]], [[Anglia]], [[Regni Britanniarum]]
	| capacitas = 60.361
	| dominus = [[Petrus Hill-Wood]]
	| procurator = [[Michael Arteta]]
	| liga = [[Premier League]]
}}

[[Fasciculus:Arsenal 1962.jpg |thumb|Lusores Arsenal in [[annus|anno]] [[1962]].]]
{{Res|Arsenal Football Club}} est societas [[Pediludium|pediludii]] [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannica]]. Eius procurator est Mikel Arteta.

== Celebri lusores ==
{|
|
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Angliae vexillum]] [[Antonius Adams]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Russia.svg|20px|Russicus vexillum]] [[Andreas Arshavin]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Dionysius Bergkamp]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Angliae vexillum]] [[Ashley Cole]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Franciae vexillum]] [[Theodoricus Henry]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Franciae vexillum]] [[Patricius Vieira]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Franciscus Fàbregas]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iosephus Antonius Reyes]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Franciae vexillum]] [[Robertus Pirès]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Robertinus van Persie]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Angliae vexillum]] [[David Seaman]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Angliae vexillum]] [[Sol Campbell]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Marcus Overmars]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px|Hiberniae vexillum]] [[Guglielmus Brady]]
||
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Angliae vexillum]] [[Martinus Keown]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Nigeria.svg|20px|Nigeriae vexillum]] [[Nwankwo Kanu]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Armenia.svg|20px|Armeniae vexillum]] [[Henricus Mkhitaryan]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Angliae vexillum]] [[Raimundus Parlour]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Angliae vexillum]] [[Nigel Winterburn]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Angliae vexillum]] [[Theodorus Walcott]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Angliae vexillum]] [[Alanus Ball]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ireland.svg|20px|Hiberniae vexillum]] [[David O'Leary]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Angliae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Wright]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Sweden.svg|20px|Sueciae vexillum]] [[Fredericus Ljungberg]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Franciae vexillum]] [[Nicolaus Anelka]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Angliae vexillum]] [[Bukayo Saka]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germaniae vexillum]] [[Kai Havertz]]
|}

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Arsenal F.C.|FC Arsenal}}
* [http://www.arsenal.com arsenal.com Pagina officialis]
 
{{ludus-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Societates pediludii|Milan]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Confessio Augustana</title>
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        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
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      <text bytes="9870" sha1="pefy2nlgihgs43mqmzim924elbl2ozv" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Augsburger-Reichstag.jpg|thumb|Christianus Beyer legit ante Caesarem [[Carolus V (imperator)|Carolum V]] „Confessionem Augustanam“]]
'''Confessio Augustana''' ('''C.A.'''; Theodisce: ''Augsburger Konfession'') est documentum fundamentale [[Lutheranismus|ecclesiae Lutheranae]]. Confessio proposita est [[Augusta Vindelicorum|Augustae Vindelicorum]] die [[25 Iunii]] [[1530]] in dieta imperiali sive in comitiis imperialibus Augustanis.

==Historia==
[[File:Augsburger Konfession 1531 Titel.jpg|thumb|''Augsburger Konfession'' 1531]]
''Confessio Augustana'' nobilissimus liber symbolicus [[martinus Lutherus|Lutheranus]] esse dicitur. Qui Augustae Vindelicum anno 1530 imperatori [[Carolus V (imperator)|Carolo V]] traditus est. Die 14 Martii 1530, vocatione imperiali ad diaetam accepto ad pacem religiosam generatim et ambabus factionibus dignam conciliandam  princeps elector Saxonicus [[Ioannes Constans]] theologis [[Wittenberga|Wittenbergensibus]] Luthero, [[philippus Melanchthon|Philippo Melanchthon]], [[Iustus Ionas|Iusto Ionae]] et [[iohannes Bugenhagen|Ioanni Bugenhagen]] mandavit elaborationem scientificam de articulis ancipitibus &quot;secundum fidem et caeremoniarum praecepta&quot;. Itaque theologi citati paulo post lucubrationem suam in 10 paragraphis collectam principi commendare potuerunt: ''Articulos Torgavienses'', qui dicebantur.&lt;ref&gt; ''Torgauer Artikel'' sive ''Bedenken, was kaiserlicher Majestät der Zeremonien halber und was dem anhängig anzuzeigen sein soll''&lt;/ref&gt; Labore approbato Melanchthon hinc amplam ''Apologiam'' elaboravit. Cum autem ventum est Augustae Vindelicum omnibus patuit insufficientia apologica articulis fidei neglectis. Inde Melanchthon diebus inter 4 et 11 Maii totam ''Confessionem'' effecit paragraphis XVII constitutam, cui fundamento erant sic dicti ''Articuli Marburgenses'' a Luthero mense Octobri 1529 ad {{creanda|de|Schwabach|Swabacum}} (in [[Provincia Franconia Media]]) dati. Lutherus ipse, qui [[coburgum|Coburgi]] sartus et tectus remanere maluerat, rebus toto corde annuebat. Articulos quattuor (18-21) Melanchthon postea addidit, qui identidem rem poliebat et argumenta mitigabat ne [[Sancta Sedes]] offenderetur. In parte altera (22-28) accusatio abusuum ecclesiasticorum sistendorum olim in ''Articulis Torgaviensibus'' stipulata accessit. Praefationem et postscriptum cancellarius [[saxonia|Saxonicus]] Brück pepigit.

==Descriptio==
[[File:20180427215DR Rabenau Konfessionsdenkmal König-Albert-Höhe.jpg|thumb|Rabenau in [[Saxonia]] in colle Alberti regis inveneris Monumentum Confessionis]]
Itaque versio ''Confessionis'' ultima est divisa in partes duas. Articulis 1-21 doctrina evangelica sic praesentatur, ut similitudines cum [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesia Romana]] bene intelligerentur (e.g. quoad doctrinam [[patres Ecclesiae|Patrum Ecclesiae]]). Sat placabilis quoque pars altera articulorum 22-28 fuisse videtur ubi agebatur de sacramentis, de presbyterum connubio, de missa, de confessione, de [[votum religiosum|votis religiosis]], de episcoporum potestate. Ceterum, articuli 26 et 28 in Torgaviensibus adhuc non inerant. 

Propositum Saxonicum ''(sächsischer Ratschlag)'' etiam alii ordines protestantici fovebant, cum vehementer de omnibus novis circumstantiis disputatum esset. Rem subsignaverunt  praeter margravionem Georgium de Ansbach etiam dux Ernestus Brunsvici-Luneburgensis, lantgravius Philippus [[Hassia]]e, princeps Volfgangus Anhaltiensis&lt;ref&gt;Exemplar Latine scriptum praeterea subsignaverunt princeps elector Ioannes Fredericus et dux Franciscus Brunsvici-Luneburgensis&lt;/ref&gt; et urbes [[Norimberga]] et [[Reutlinga]]. Post ''Diaetam [[Weissenburgum Noricorum|Weissenburgensem]]'' unionem confirmaverunt oppida [[Hailprunna]], [[Cambodunum]] et [[Vintshaemum]]. 

Econtra [[Argentoratum]], [[Constantia (Germania)|Constantia]], {{creanda|de|Memmingen|Memminga}} et [[Lindavia]] se retinuerunt propter doctrinam Lutheri liberalem quod ad communionem attinet. Theologi [[Martinus Bucerus]] et [[Wolfgangus Capito]] iussi sunt ut ''Confessionem Tetrapolitanam'' modum in acriorem exararent. Horis pomeridianis diei 25 Iunii 1530 in conclavibus Aulae episcopalis textus Theodiscus imperatori Carolo praelectus est a cancellario Saxonico Beier, antequam exemplaria Theodiscum Latinumque sollemniter in manus imperiales traderentur. Versio Latina tunc [[bruxellae|Bruxellas]] et in [[Hispania]]m venit, ubi evanescabant; versio autem Theodisca [[Moguntiacum]] venit ubi ab archivariis perditum est. Versio polemica Tetrapolitana autem solummodo in principum catholicorum commissione lecta est.

Ordinibus catholicis prementibus imperator [[habsburgi|Habsburgensis]] interim theologos suos petivit, ut Confessionem reprobarent (inter quos fuerunt [[Ioannes Eck]], [[Ioannes Faber]], [[Ioannes Cochlaeus]] et [[Conradus Wimpina]]). Confutatio ista die 12 Iulii sermonibus Latina Theodiscaque scripta ratione ita dura fuit, ut pacificationi noceret. Versio minus acris die 3 Augusti coram publico praesentata est; numquam autem scripta manibus protestancorum tradita est. Inde Melanchthon ''Apologiam Confessionis Augustanae'' scripsit. Insuper confutatio imperialis contra Tetrapolitanam die 25 Octobris promulgata est.

==Gravitudo==
[[File:Kasendorf St.Johannes Gemälde Augsburger Konfession 041298.jpg|thumb|Kasendorf in [[franconia|Franconia Superiore]], in Fano S. Ioannis, invenitur haec bella imago de Confessione Augustana]]
Citissime C.A. in ecclesiis terrarum protestanticarum officialis facta est et ex ''Die [[smalcaldia|Smalcaldiensi]]'' (1535) omnes novi foederati doctrinam istam adoptare debebant. Insuper momentum eius politicum sensim crescebat, quippe quod documentum omnibus intertractationibus futuris fundamento fuit. Et ''Pactum [[batavia (Bavaria)|Bataviense]]'' (1552) et ''[[Pax Augustana]]'' et ''[[Pax Westphalica]]'' solummodo illis concessa sunt, qui se erga ''Confessionem Augustanam'' fideliter gerebant. Quoniam et [[ecclesiae Reformatae|Reformati]] in [[Germania]] et [[Ioannes Calvinus]] documentum agnoverant C.A. basis protestantica generalis facta est Lutheranismi limites longe transgrediens. Id saltem dici potest de versionibus posterioribus namque Philippus Melanchthon paulum superbus ''Confessionem'' opus suum putavit aliorum modificationes spernens. Diaeta conveniente et impressione interdicta versiones plures non legitimae et Theodiscae et Latinae vulgatae erant multis cum erroribus. Anno 1531 denique ''editio princeps'' a Melancthon reedita est quae originales versiones perditas substitueret. Versio Theodisca procul dubio cum versione originali sat discrepat. Tamen haec authentica declarata est. Postea [[Flaciani]], qui maxime puri Lutherani putabantur, omnes mutationes quoad communionem stricte reiecerunt. Flaciani anno 1561 sic dictam ''Confessionem Augustanam invariatam'' ediderunt, quae legibilis est in ''[[Liber Concordiae|Libro Concordiae]]''&lt;ref&gt; Titulus integer est ''Liber Concordiae: Libri Symbolici Ecclesiae Lutheranae''. Agitur de canone vel corpore doctrinae Ecclesiarum protestanticarum.&lt;/ref&gt; Nonnumquam ista versio invariata (e.g. in [[brandenburgum|Brandenburgo]] partim) authentica declarata est.

''Repetitio confessionis augustanae saxonica'' autem est opus novum a Melanchthon anno 1551 exaratum, quod [[concilium Tridentinum|Concilio Tridentino]] deferretur; ea in quasi omnibus terris Germanicis approbatum est.

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;
== Bibliographia ==
* Menno Aden: ''Die Reformation und das Augsburger Bekenntnis von 1530 nach heutigen Predigten kommentiert''. Nordhusiae, 2017, ISBN 978-3-95948-057-4
* Holger Bauer: ''Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf und das lutherische Bekenntnis. Zinzendorf und die Augsburger Konfession von 1530'' (= Beiheft der Unitas Fratrum Nr.&amp;nbsp;12.  Herrnhuter Verlag, [[Custodia Dei|Custodiae Dei]] 2004, ISBN 3-931956-19-9)
* ''Die Fränkischen Bekenntnisse. Eine Vorstufe der Augsburgischen Konfession – Herausgegeben vom Landeskirchenrat der evang.-luth. Kirche in Bayern r.d.Rhs, bearbeitet von W.F. Schmidt und K. Schornbaum''. Monaci 1930.
*Leif Grane: ''Die Confessio Augustana, Einführung in die Hauptgedanken der lutherischen Reformation.'' UTB, Gottingae 1996, ISBN 978-3-8252-1400-5.
* Thomas Kaufmann: ''Geschichte der Reformation.'' Suhrkamp, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-458-71024-0.
* Johannes Lorentzen: ''Das Bekenntnis von Augsburg. Das Ringen um den Lebensquell der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche 1530–1930'', Neumünster: Sehrohr 1930 
* Vinzenz Pfnür: ''Einig in der Rechtfertigungslehre? Die Rechtfertigungslehre der Confessio Augustana (1530) und die Stellungnahme der katholischen Kontroverstheologie zwischen 1530 und 1535'' (= Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Europäische Geschichte. Abteilung Abendländische Religionsgeschichte; 60). Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1970 
* Gunther Wenz: ''Theologie der Bekenntnisschriften der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche'', 2&amp;nbsp;Bände. de Gruyter, Berolini/Neoeboraci 1996, ISBN 3-11-015239-8.

== Nexus externi ==
{{Commonscat|Augsburg Confession|Confessionem Augustanum}}

* historicum.net: [https://web.archive.org/web/20160324101220/https://www.historicum.net/themen/reformation/glossar/c#ConfessioAugustana ''Confessio Augustana'']   
* Christian Classics Ethereal Library: [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds3.iii.ii.html Creeds of the Evangelical Protestant Churches: Confessio Augustana. The Augsburg Confession. A.D. 1530] 
* [http://www.sola-gratia-verlag.de/Sola-Gratia-Verlag.008-01-21.pdf ''Das vollständige Augsburger Bekenntnis von 1530 in heutigem Deutsch''], versio in lingua Theodisca hodierna
[[Categoria:Ecclesia Lutherana]]
[[Categoria:Religio Christiana]]
[[Categoria:Augusta Vindelicorum]]
[[Categoria:Scripta 1530]]
[[Categoria:Germaniae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae Renascentes]]
[[Categoria:Textus Christiani]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Real Madrid</title>
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        <username>Damn me</username>
        <id>158195</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Celebri lusores */</comment>
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      <text bytes="8463" sha1="q1ki1okv784so818ybqxhbpjl9kgggl" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa societatis pediludii
	| nomen = Real Madrid CF&lt;br /&gt; ''Regia Matritensis SP''
	| nomen plenum = Real Madrid Club de Fútbol&lt;br /&gt; ''Regia Matritensis Societas Pediludii''
	| imago = Bianco viola RMA.png
	| nomina alia = ''Blancos'' (Albi), ''Merengues'', ''Vikingos''
	| instituta = [[1902]]
	| domus = [[Stadium Iacobi Bernabeu]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Matritum|Matriti]], [[Hispania|Hispaniae]]
	| capacitas = 85,454&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25978150 &quot;Real Madrid reveal £330m design for new Bernabeu stadium&quot;]. BBC. Retrieved 1 November 2015&lt;/ref&gt;
	| dominus = [[Florentinus Perez]]
	| procurator = [[Carlo Ancelotti]]
	| liga = [[Prima Divisio Hispanica]]
	| tempus = 2021-22
	| locus = [[Prima Divisio Hispanica]], tertium
}}

{{Res|Real Madrid Club de Fútbol}} ('Regia Matritensis Societas Pediludii') est societas [[pediludium|pedilusoria]] [[Hispania|Hispanica]], [[Matritum|Matriti]] sita. Anno [[1902]] instituta est nomine ''Madrid Football Club,'' usque ad annum [[1920]], cum rex [[Alphonsus XIII (rex Hispaniae)|Alphonsus XIII]] titulum ''Real'' ('Regia') ei praeberet, una cum apice super signum.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.realmadrid.com/sobre-el-real-madrid/historia/futbol.&lt;/ref&gt;

Turma Regiae Matritensis propter [[Albus|albam]] [[Vestis|vestem]] titularem nota est, itaque unum e nominibus alteris turmae ''Merengues'' est, quo Hispanice [[Tragemata|tragema]] album ex albumine [[Ovum|ovorum]] factum significatur. In [[Stadium Iacobi Bernabeu|stadio Iacobi Bernabeu]] (vulgo ''Santiago Bernabéu'') turma ludit, quod anno 1947 institutum est et ubi 81.004 [[Spectator (theatrum)|spectatores]] contineri possunt&lt;ref&gt;http://www.realmadrid.com/estadio-santiago-bernabeu&lt;/ref&gt;.

Regia Matritensis 33 [[Prima Divisio Pedilusoria Hispanica|certamina pedilusoria Hispanica]] (Hispanice ''La Liga'') vicit, itaque est societas pedilusoria Hispanica quae maximum numerum certaminum vicit. Etiam 19 [[Copa del Rey|Pocula Regia]] (Hispanice ''Copa del Rey''), 10 [[Supercopa de España|Superpocula Hispanica]] (Hispanice ''Supercopa de España'') et 1 Poculum Ligae (Hispanice ''Copa de la Liga'') vicit. Regia Matritensis maxima victrix [[Liga Victorum UEFA|certaminis societatum Europaearum]] quoque est, quod terdeciens vicit. Etiam in certaminibus internationalibus Regia Matritensis maxima victrix est, quod 3 [[Poculum Intercontinentale|Pocula Intercontinentalia]], 4 [[Certamen Mundanum Societatum FIFA|Certamina Mundanum Societatum FIFA]], 2 [[Poculum UEFA|Pocula UEFA]] et 4 [[Superpoculum UEFA|Superpocula Europaea]] vicit.

[[FIFA]] Regiae Matritensi titulum 'Optimam Societatem FIFA Saeculi XX' praebuit anno 2000.

== Stadium ==
[[Fasciculus:Estadio Santiago Bernabéu (Lateral Oeste).jpg|thumb|[[Stadium Iacobi Bernabeu]], vulgo ''Estadio Santiago Bernabéu'']]
Regia Matritensis in stadio Iacobi Bernabeu (Hispanice ''Santiago Bernabéu'') ludit quod anno 1947 institutum et in Ambulacro Castellanae (Hispanice ''Paseo de la Castellana'') urbis Matriti situm est. Nomen stadii ad antiquum praesidem societatis [[Iacobus Bernabeu|Iacobum Bernabeu]] dedicatum est.

== Celebri lusores ==
[[Fasciculus:Vinicius Jr 2018 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Vinícius Júnior.]]
{|
|
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Albarus Arbeloa]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Iker Casillas]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Raul González]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px|Argentinae vexillum]] [[Alfredus Di Stefano]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Fernando Morientes]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20px|Italiae vexillum]] [[Fabius Cannavaro]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Hungary.svg|20px|Hungariae vexillum]] [[Franciscus Puskás]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Chile.svg|20px|Chiliae vexillum]] [[Ioannes Zamorano]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|20px|Lusitaniae vexillum]] [[Christianus Ronaldo]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px|Argentinae vexillum]] [[Angelus Di María]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Wales (1959).svg|20px|Cambriae vexillum]] [[Gareth Bale]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Galiae vexillum]] [[Raimundus Kopa]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Sergius Ramos]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Ronaldus (pedilusor)|Ronaldus]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Ferdinandus Hierro]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|20px|Lusitaniae vexillum]] [[Ludovicus Figo]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Galiae vexillum]] [[Karim Benzema]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Marcellus Vieira]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Robinho]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Casemirus]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Clarentius Seedorf]]
||
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Guti]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Kaká]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Vinicius Iunior]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20px|Brasiliae vexillum]] [[Robertus Carolus da Silva|Robertus Carolus]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Manuel Sanchís]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Amantius Amaro]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|20px|Bataviae vexillum]] [[Rudolphus van Nistelrooy]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Britaniae vexillum]] [[David Beckham]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20px|Britaniae vexillum]] [[Stephanus McManaman]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|20px|Lusitaniae vexillum]] [[Képler Laveran Lima Ferreira|Pepe]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Michael González]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px|Argentinae vexillum]] [[Ferdinandus Redondo]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px|Argentinae vexillum]] [[Gundisalvus Higuaín]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20px|Mexicae vexillum]] [[Hugo Sánchez]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Carolus Santillana]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|Germaniae vexillum]] [[Bernardus Schuster]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Argentina.svg|20px|Argentinae vexillum]] [[Santiago Solari]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Franciscus Gento]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain (civil).svg|20px|Hispaniae vexillum]] [[Emilius Butrageño]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20px|Galiae vexillum]] [[Zinedine Zidane]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Croatia.svg|20px|Croatiae vexillum]] [[Lucas Modrić]]
* [[Fasciculus:Flag of Montenegro.svg|20px|Montenegroae vexillum]] [[Predrag Mijatović]] 
|}

== Victoriae ==

=== Certamina nationalia ===
* '''Prima Divisio Pedilusoria Hispanica (ter et triginties)''' (victrix maxima): 1931/32, 1932/33, 1953/54, 1954/55, 1956/57, 1957/58, 1960/61, 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64, 1964/65, 1966/67, 1967/68, 1968/69, 1971/72, 1974/75, 1975/76, 1977/78, 1978/79, 1979/80, 1985/86, 1986/87, 1987/88, 1988/89, 1989/90, 1994/95, 1996/97, 2000/01, 2002/03, 2006/07, 2007/08, 2011/12, 2016/17, 2019/20, 2021/22
* '''Poculum Regium (undeviginties)''': 1904/05, 1905/06, 1906/07, 1907/08, 1916/17, 1933/34, 1935/36, 1945/46, 1946/47, 1961/62, 1969/70, 1973/74, 1974/75, 1979/80, 1981/82, 1988/89, 1992/93, 2010/11, 2013/14, 2022/23.
* '''Superpoculum Hispanicum (decies)''': 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1997, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2012, 2017.
* '''Poculum Ligae (semel)''': 1984/85.

=== Certamina Europaea ===
* '''Poculum Europaeum''' vel '''Liga Victorum UEFA (terdeciens)''' (victrix maxima): 1955/56, 1956/57, 1957/58, 1958/59, 1959/60, 1965/66, 1997/98, 1999/2000, 2001/02, 2013/14, 2015/16, 2016/17, 2017/18.
* '''Poculum UEFA (bis)''': 1984/85, 1985/86.
* '''Superpoculum UEFA (quater)''': 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017.

=== Certamina mundana ===
* '''Poculum Intercontinentale (ter)''' (victrix maxima ex aequo): 1960, 1998, 2002.
* '''Certamen Mundanum Societatum FIFA (quater)''' (victrix maxima): 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018.
* '''Titulus 'Optima Societas FIFA Saeculi XX'''': 2000.

== Nexus externi ==
{{communiaCat|Real Madrid|Real Madrid}}
* [http://www.realmadrid.com Situs interretalis societatis]

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

[[Categoria:Societates pediludii]]
[[Categoria:Matritum]]</text>
      <sha1>q1ki1okv784so818ybqxhbpjl9kgggl</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Elstra Nigra</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>105055</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965368</id>
      <parentid>3933197</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T21:51:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Urbes ad Elstram nigram vel Elsteram nigrum */</comment>
      <origin>3965368</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1812" sha1="pashk2umiwm6b6s55tgqp31ckys3gjv" xml:space="preserve">'''Elstra Nigra'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=uMPJ7iscKDoC&amp;pg=PA93&amp;lpg=PA93&amp;dq=Alstera+Elster&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=O6jtjv6YLV&amp;sig=zdBuo9mf6Qv4E__kzibsux-uQn0&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=P1NnT-HHJYnOswa108jiBQ&amp;ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Alstera%20Elster&amp;f=false Ortsnamenbuch des Mittelelbegebietes von Inge Bily]&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Elstera niger'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&amp;pg=RA1-PA44&amp;lpg=RA1-PA44&amp;dq=Elstera+alba&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=4VyINmTTBp&amp;sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&amp;ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=Elstera%20alba&amp;f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice ... von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller]&lt;/ref&gt; est fluvius in [[Saxonia]], [[Saxonia-Anhaltinum|Saxonia-Anhaltino]], [[Brandenburgum|Brandenburgo]], qui [[Albis|Albim]] influit. Alsterae Nigri fons in [[Mons Lusatiae|Lusatiae superioris Montibus]] est.

== Urbes ad Elstram nigram vel Elsteram nigrum==
* [[Camentia]] (''Kamenz'')
* [[Witigenavia]] (''Wittichenau'')
* [[Hoyerswerda]] (''Hoyerswerda'')
* [[Rulandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;&gt;Buno, J., auctore (1672). ''Philippi Cluverii Germania Antiqua: Ad vsum serenissimi principis''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Bunonianis.&lt;/ref&gt;  (''Ruhland'')
* [[Elsterwerda]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/franciscipassov00passgoog/franciscipassov00passgoog_djvu.txt ''Francisci Passovii opuscula academica, disposuit N. Bachius''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Elsterwerdae, apud avunculum quendam liberis orbum peregit, utrobique (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (''Elsterwerda'')
* [[Libenverda]] (''Bad Liebenwerda'')
* [[Cervimontium ad Alsteram]] (''Herzberg'')
* [[Iessantia]] (''Jessen'')

==Nota==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Saxonia-Anhaltinum]]
[[Categoria:Saxonia]]
[[Categoria:Systema Albis fluminis]]</text>
      <sha1>pashk2umiwm6b6s55tgqp31ckys3gjv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965381</id>
      <parentid>3965368</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T23:26:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3965381</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1815" sha1="nukbonyb8axbbqz2w0m3vgq9fx5uy2q" xml:space="preserve">'''Elstra Nigra'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=uMPJ7iscKDoC&amp;pg=PA93&amp;lpg=PA93&amp;dq=Alstera+Elster&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=O6jtjv6YLV&amp;sig=zdBuo9mf6Qv4E__kzibsux-uQn0&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=P1NnT-HHJYnOswa108jiBQ&amp;ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Alstera%20Elster&amp;f=false Ortsnamenbuch des Mittelelbegebietes von Inge Bily]/.&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Elstera niger'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&amp;pg=RA1-PA44&amp;lpg=RA1-PA44&amp;dq=Elstera+alba&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=4VyINmTTBp&amp;sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&amp;ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=Elstera%20alba&amp;f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice . . . von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller.]&lt;/ref&gt; est [[fluvius]] in [[Saxonia]], [[Saxonia-Anhaltinum|Saxonia-Anhaltino]], [[Brandenburgum|Brandenburgo]], qui [[Albis|Albim]] influit. Ex fonte in [[Mons Lusatiae|Lusatiae superioris montibus]] exoritur.

== Urbes ad Elstram nigram vel Elsteram nigrum==
* [[Camentia]] (''Kamenz'')
* [[Witigenavia]] (''Wittichenau'')
* [[Hoyerswerda]] (''Hoyerswerda'')
* [[Rulandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;&gt;Buno, J., auctore (1672). ''Philippi Cluverii Germania Antiqua: Ad vsum serenissimi principis''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Bunonianis.&lt;/ref&gt;  (''Ruhland'')
* [[Elsterwerda]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/franciscipassov00passgoog/franciscipassov00passgoog_djvu.txt ''Francisci Passovii opuscula academica, disposuit N. Bachius''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Elsterwerdae, apud avunculum quendam liberis orbum peregit, utrobique (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (''Elsterwerda'')
* [[Libenverda]] (''Bad Liebenwerda'')
* [[Cervimontium ad Alsteram]] (''Herzberg'')
* [[Iessantia]] (''Jessen'')

==Nota==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Saxonia-Anhaltinum]]
[[Categoria:Saxonia]]
[[Categoria:Systema Albis fluminis]]</text>
      <sha1>nukbonyb8axbbqz2w0m3vgq9fx5uy2q</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965382</id>
      <parentid>3965381</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T23:27:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Elstra nigra]] ad [[Elstra Nigra]]: Lemma</comment>
      <origin>3965381</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1815" sha1="nukbonyb8axbbqz2w0m3vgq9fx5uy2q" xml:space="preserve">'''Elstra Nigra'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=uMPJ7iscKDoC&amp;pg=PA93&amp;lpg=PA93&amp;dq=Alstera+Elster&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=O6jtjv6YLV&amp;sig=zdBuo9mf6Qv4E__kzibsux-uQn0&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=P1NnT-HHJYnOswa108jiBQ&amp;ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Alstera%20Elster&amp;f=false Ortsnamenbuch des Mittelelbegebietes von Inge Bily]/.&lt;/ref&gt; vel '''Elstera niger'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&amp;pg=RA1-PA44&amp;lpg=RA1-PA44&amp;dq=Elstera+alba&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=4VyINmTTBp&amp;sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&amp;hl=de&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&amp;ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&amp;q=Elstera%20alba&amp;f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice . . . von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller.]&lt;/ref&gt; est [[fluvius]] in [[Saxonia]], [[Saxonia-Anhaltinum|Saxonia-Anhaltino]], [[Brandenburgum|Brandenburgo]], qui [[Albis|Albim]] influit. Ex fonte in [[Mons Lusatiae|Lusatiae superioris montibus]] exoritur.

== Urbes ad Elstram nigram vel Elsteram nigrum==
* [[Camentia]] (''Kamenz'')
* [[Witigenavia]] (''Wittichenau'')
* [[Hoyerswerda]] (''Hoyerswerda'')
* [[Rulandia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buno 1672&quot;&gt;Buno, J., auctore (1672). ''Philippi Cluverii Germania Antiqua: Ad vsum serenissimi principis''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Bunonianis.&lt;/ref&gt;  (''Ruhland'')
* [[Elsterwerda]]&lt;ref&gt;Vide [https://archive.org/stream/franciscipassov00passgoog/franciscipassov00passgoog_djvu.txt ''Francisci Passovii opuscula academica, disposuit N. Bachius''], ubi dicitur &quot;(...) Elsterwerdae, apud avunculum quendam liberis orbum peregit, utrobique (...)&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; (''Elsterwerda'')
* [[Libenverda]] (''Bad Liebenwerda'')
* [[Cervimontium ad Alsteram]] (''Herzberg'')
* [[Iessantia]] (''Jessen'')

==Nota==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Saxonia-Anhaltinum]]
[[Categoria:Saxonia]]
[[Categoria:Systema Albis fluminis]]</text>
      <sha1>nukbonyb8axbbqz2w0m3vgq9fx5uy2q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Saturnalia (Macrobius)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>107876</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965335</id>
      <parentid>3959279</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T17:38:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3965335</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6915" sha1="3672t8osygodongs2my3krz0toeavgh" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
[[Fasciculus:Macrobius and Eustachius.jpg|thumb|Macrobius opus suum Eustachio filio dat. Liber manu scriptus ''[[Somnium Scipionis|Somnii Scipionis]]'' cum commentario Macrobii anno circiter 1100 factus ([[Bibliotheca Britannica]])]]
{{Videhom|Saturnalia}}
'''''Saturnalia''''' est opus [[Latine]] [[saeculum 5|saeculo V]] medio ab [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosio Theodosio Macrobio]] scriptum. Forma habet seriei conviviorum ubi de [[Romani antiqui|antiquitatibus Romanis]] disseritur et praecipue de religione, de litteris, de poëta [[Vergilius|Vergilio]]. ''Saturnalia'' Macrobii, filio Eustathio dicata, in libros septem divisa sunt.

Decius et Postumianus in dialogo exteriore rem introducunt de conviviis apud [[Vettius Agorius Praetextatus|Vettium Praetextatum]] habitis; quae convivia ad Postumianum ab Avieno et Eusebio olim narrata erant. Personae dialogorum interiorum, i.e. convivae cenarum singularum, sunt Vettius Praetextatus hospes, [[Avienus]], [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Aurelius Symmachus]], Caecina Albinus, [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius grammaticus]], Disarius medicus, Furius Albinus, Eustathius, Flavianus, Euangelus, Horus. Fontes litterariae permultae in dialogis citantur, inter quas Vergilius, [[Varro Reatinus|Varro]], [[Ennius]], [[Cato maior|Cato]].

== Index librorum et capitulorum ==
* Praefatio
* Liber I: 1-2. de [[Saturnalia|Saturnalibus]] apud Vettium Praetextatum celebratis; 3. de [[dies|die]] qua hora incepto; 4. de Saturnaliorum futurorum nuntiatu; 5. de verbis inusitatis; 6. de origine [[praetexta]]e; 7. de antiquitate Saturnaliorum; 8. de templo et mytho [[Saturnus (deus)|Saturni]]; 9. de mytho et nominibus [[Ianus|Iani]]; 10. de diebus Saturnaliorum; 11. de [[servus|servorum]] conditione; 12. de [[mensis|mensibus]] a [[Romulus|Romulo]] statutis; 13. de divisione anni et de intercalatione; 14. de calendario a [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesare]] et [[Augustus (imperator)|Augusto]] correcto; 15. de [[Kalendae|Kalendis]], [[Idus|Idibus]] et [[Nonae|Nonis]]; 16. de diebus mensium apud Romanos; 17. de origine deorum omnium, et imprimis [[Apollo|Apollinis]], e [[Sol]]e; 18-23. Dei alii Romani, Graeci et Mesopotameni eidem sunt ac Sol; 24. de eruditione [[Vergilius|Vergilii]] et de ordine librorum insequentium
* Liber II: 1-7. de [[facetia|facetiis]] antiquorum, et praesertim [[Cicero]]nis, [[Augustus (imperator)|Augusti]], [[Iulia minor|Iuliae]] Augusti filiae; 8. [[Plato]] de usu vini
* Liber III: 1-2. de Vergilio sacrorum descriptore; 3-4. de sacris, profanis, sanctis, religiosis; 5-6. de eruditione Vergilii in re sacrificiorum sacrorumque; 7. de profunditate Vergilii; 8. de lectionibus variis et falsis apud Vergilium; 9. de formulis ad tutelam divinam invocandam edictis; 10. de taurorum sacrificio; 11. de [[mulsum|mulsi]] sacrificio; 12. de [[Salii]]s; 13. de luxu [[Quintus Hortensius Hortalus|Hortensii]] aliorumque; 14. de [[saltatio]]ne et [[cantus|cantu]] apud antiquos indignis habitis; 15-16. de honore apud antiquos piscium et praesertim [[murena]]rum; 17. de legibus antiquorum [[lex sumptuaria|sumptuariis]]; 18. de generibus [[nux|nucum]]; 19-20. de varietatibus [[malus|malorum]] fructuumque aliorum
* Liber IV: 1-6. de pathetico a Vergilio et in litteris aliorum expresso 
* Liber V: 1. de Vergilio oratore; 2. de Vergilio Graecorum secutore; 3-10. de ''[[Aeneis|Aeneide]]'' ex ''[[Ilias|Iliade]]'' et ''[[Odyssea]]'' versa; 11-13. de Vergilio [[Homerus|Homeri]] interprete nunc meliori, nunc peiori; 14. de Vergilio etiam in vitiis imitatore Homeri; 15-16. de catalogis carminum Homericorum et ''Aeneidos''; 17. de rebus a Vergilio e [[Pindarus|Pindaro]] et [[Apollonius Rhodius|Apollonio]] sumptis; 18-19. de rebus e poëtis obscurioribus sumptis; 20. de rebus [[Mysia|Mysiis]] e carminibus Homericis in ''[[Georgica (Vergilius)|Georgica]]'' Vergiliana conversis; 21. de nominibus poculorum Graecis; 22. de personis a Vergilio sumptis ex antiquissimis carminibus Graecis
* Liber VI: 1-2. de rebus a Vergilio sumptis ex antiquis poëtis Latinis; 3. de rebus e carminibus Homericis a variis poëtis sumptis, postea a Vergilio adoptatis; 4-6. de verbis, epithetis, figuris e variis poëtis a Vergilio adoptatis; 7-9. de difficultatibus et crucibus operum Vergilianorum
* Liber VII: 1. in cenis qua hora et quomodo licet de philosophia loqui; 2. de rebus quae gaudium et dolorem apud convivas excitant; 3. de [[scomma]]tibus; 4-5. de victu simplici et composito; 6-7. de vino necnon musto, de ebrietate mulierum ac seniorum, de calore et frigido; 8. de digestione facili et difficili; 9. de cerebello et sensu; 10. de calvitie et de voce virorum ac mulierum; 11. de rubescendo; 12-13. de potu et victu quaestiones variae; 14. de visu; 15. de stomacho, venis, pulmonibus; 16. de [[ovumne prius exstitit an gallina?|ovo prius exstante an gallina]]

== Bibliographia ==
{{Vide-etiam|Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius#Bibliographia}}
; Editiones et versiones
* 1969 : P. Davies, interpr., ''Macrobius: The Saturnalia''. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 1969 {{Ling|Anglice}}
* 1967 : Nino Marinone, ed. et interpr., ''I Saturnali de Macrobio Theodosio''. Taurinis. 2a ed., 1977 {{Ling|Latine|Italiane}}
* 2004 : C. Guittard, ed. et interpr., ''Macrobe: Les Saturnales, Livres I–III''. 2a ed. Lutetiae, 2004 {{Ling|Latine|Francogallice}}
* 2008 : O. Schönberger, E. Schönberger, ''Tischgespräche am Saturnalienfest: Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius''. Würzburg, 2008

; Eruditio
* {{Fabricius Latina}} vol. 1 pp. 620-624
* Robert A. Kaster, ''Studies on the Text of Macrobius' Saturnalia''. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-19-975136-5
* A. La Penna, ''Studi sulla tradizione dei Saturnali di Macrobio'' in ''ASNP'' vol. 22 (1953) pp. 225-252
* G. Lögdberg, ''In Macrobii Saturnalia adnotationes''. Upsaliae, 1936
* P. Wessner, &quot;[[:s:de:RE:Macrobius 7|Macrobius. 7]]&quot; in {{PW}} vol. 14 pars 1 (1928) coll. 170-198
* G. Wissowa, ''De Macrobii Saturnaliorum fontibus capita tria''. Vratislaviae: apud G. Koebnerum, 1880 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__2zRAAAAMAAJ/mode/2up Textus]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Porcus Troianus]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Macrobius/Saturnalia/1*.html Textus] in libros singulos divisus {{Ling|Latine}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100130080231/http://pot-pourri.fltr.ucl.ac.be/files/AClassFTP/TEXTES/Macrobe/ Versio] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* ''[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11612/ Macrobii Theodosii Illustrissimi Saturnaliorum Libri VII]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'': liber manu scriptus saec. XV ([[Bibliotheca Laurentiana]] [[Florentia]]e)

[[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 5]]
[[Categoria:Italiae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae aetatis Imperii]]
[[Categoria:Cenae litterariae]]
[[Categoria:Dialogi]]
[[Categoria:Religio Romana]]
[[Categoria:Saturnalia]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965336</id>
      <parentid>3965335</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T17:38:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus</username>
        <id>2059</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3965336</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6913" sha1="gaqju6siwfrqy3rwb22x1zjzf1mpcx8" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
[[Fasciculus:Macrobius and Eustachius.jpg|thumb|Macrobius opus suum Eustachio filio dat. Liber manu scriptus ''[[Somnium Scipionis|Somnii Scipionis]]'' cum commentario Macrobii anno circiter 1100 factus ([[Bibliotheca Britannica]])]]
{{Videhom|Saturnalia}}
'''''Saturnalia''''' est opus [[Latine]] [[saeculum 5|saeculo V]] medio ab [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosio Theodosio Macrobio]] scriptum. Forma habet seriei conviviorum ubi de [[Romani antiqui|antiquitatibus Romanis]] disseritur et praecipue de religione, de litteris, de poëta [[Vergilius|Vergilio]]. ''Saturnalia'' Macrobii, filio Eustathio dicata, in libros septem divisa sunt.

Decius et Postumianus in dialogo exteriore rem introducunt de conviviis apud [[Vettius Agorius Praetextatus|Vettium Praetextatum]] habitis; quae convivia ad Postumianum ab Avieno et Eusebio olim narrata erant. Personae dialogorum interiorum, i.e. convivae cenarum singularum, sunt Vettius Praetextatus hospes, [[Avienus]], [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Aurelius Symmachus]], Caecina Albinus, [[Maurus Servius Honoratus|Servius grammaticus]], Disarius medicus, Furius Albinus, Eustathius, Flavianus, Euangelus, Horus. Fontes litterarii permulti in dialogis citantur, inter quas Vergilius, [[Varro Reatinus|Varro]], [[Ennius]], [[Cato maior|Cato]].

== Index librorum et capitulorum ==
* Praefatio
* Liber I: 1-2. de [[Saturnalia|Saturnalibus]] apud Vettium Praetextatum celebratis; 3. de [[dies|die]] qua hora incepto; 4. de Saturnaliorum futurorum nuntiatu; 5. de verbis inusitatis; 6. de origine [[praetexta]]e; 7. de antiquitate Saturnaliorum; 8. de templo et mytho [[Saturnus (deus)|Saturni]]; 9. de mytho et nominibus [[Ianus|Iani]]; 10. de diebus Saturnaliorum; 11. de [[servus|servorum]] conditione; 12. de [[mensis|mensibus]] a [[Romulus|Romulo]] statutis; 13. de divisione anni et de intercalatione; 14. de calendario a [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesare]] et [[Augustus (imperator)|Augusto]] correcto; 15. de [[Kalendae|Kalendis]], [[Idus|Idibus]] et [[Nonae|Nonis]]; 16. de diebus mensium apud Romanos; 17. de origine deorum omnium, et imprimis [[Apollo|Apollinis]], e [[Sol]]e; 18-23. Dei alii Romani, Graeci et Mesopotameni eidem sunt ac Sol; 24. de eruditione [[Vergilius|Vergilii]] et de ordine librorum insequentium
* Liber II: 1-7. de [[facetia|facetiis]] antiquorum, et praesertim [[Cicero]]nis, [[Augustus (imperator)|Augusti]], [[Iulia minor|Iuliae]] Augusti filiae; 8. [[Plato]] de usu vini
* Liber III: 1-2. de Vergilio sacrorum descriptore; 3-4. de sacris, profanis, sanctis, religiosis; 5-6. de eruditione Vergilii in re sacrificiorum sacrorumque; 7. de profunditate Vergilii; 8. de lectionibus variis et falsis apud Vergilium; 9. de formulis ad tutelam divinam invocandam edictis; 10. de taurorum sacrificio; 11. de [[mulsum|mulsi]] sacrificio; 12. de [[Salii]]s; 13. de luxu [[Quintus Hortensius Hortalus|Hortensii]] aliorumque; 14. de [[saltatio]]ne et [[cantus|cantu]] apud antiquos indignis habitis; 15-16. de honore apud antiquos piscium et praesertim [[murena]]rum; 17. de legibus antiquorum [[lex sumptuaria|sumptuariis]]; 18. de generibus [[nux|nucum]]; 19-20. de varietatibus [[malus|malorum]] fructuumque aliorum
* Liber IV: 1-6. de pathetico a Vergilio et in litteris aliorum expresso 
* Liber V: 1. de Vergilio oratore; 2. de Vergilio Graecorum secutore; 3-10. de ''[[Aeneis|Aeneide]]'' ex ''[[Ilias|Iliade]]'' et ''[[Odyssea]]'' versa; 11-13. de Vergilio [[Homerus|Homeri]] interprete nunc meliori, nunc peiori; 14. de Vergilio etiam in vitiis imitatore Homeri; 15-16. de catalogis carminum Homericorum et ''Aeneidos''; 17. de rebus a Vergilio e [[Pindarus|Pindaro]] et [[Apollonius Rhodius|Apollonio]] sumptis; 18-19. de rebus e poëtis obscurioribus sumptis; 20. de rebus [[Mysia|Mysiis]] e carminibus Homericis in ''[[Georgica (Vergilius)|Georgica]]'' Vergiliana conversis; 21. de nominibus poculorum Graecis; 22. de personis a Vergilio sumptis ex antiquissimis carminibus Graecis
* Liber VI: 1-2. de rebus a Vergilio sumptis ex antiquis poëtis Latinis; 3. de rebus e carminibus Homericis a variis poëtis sumptis, postea a Vergilio adoptatis; 4-6. de verbis, epithetis, figuris e variis poëtis a Vergilio adoptatis; 7-9. de difficultatibus et crucibus operum Vergilianorum
* Liber VII: 1. in cenis qua hora et quomodo licet de philosophia loqui; 2. de rebus quae gaudium et dolorem apud convivas excitant; 3. de [[scomma]]tibus; 4-5. de victu simplici et composito; 6-7. de vino necnon musto, de ebrietate mulierum ac seniorum, de calore et frigido; 8. de digestione facili et difficili; 9. de cerebello et sensu; 10. de calvitie et de voce virorum ac mulierum; 11. de rubescendo; 12-13. de potu et victu quaestiones variae; 14. de visu; 15. de stomacho, venis, pulmonibus; 16. de [[ovumne prius exstitit an gallina?|ovo prius exstante an gallina]]

== Bibliographia ==
{{Vide-etiam|Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius#Bibliographia}}
; Editiones et versiones
* 1969 : P. Davies, interpr., ''Macrobius: The Saturnalia''. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 1969 {{Ling|Anglice}}
* 1967 : Nino Marinone, ed. et interpr., ''I Saturnali de Macrobio Theodosio''. Taurinis. 2a ed., 1977 {{Ling|Latine|Italiane}}
* 2004 : C. Guittard, ed. et interpr., ''Macrobe: Les Saturnales, Livres I–III''. 2a ed. Lutetiae, 2004 {{Ling|Latine|Francogallice}}
* 2008 : O. Schönberger, E. Schönberger, ''Tischgespräche am Saturnalienfest: Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius''. Würzburg, 2008

; Eruditio
* {{Fabricius Latina}} vol. 1 pp. 620-624
* Robert A. Kaster, ''Studies on the Text of Macrobius' Saturnalia''. Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2010. ISBN 978-0-19-975136-5
* A. La Penna, ''Studi sulla tradizione dei Saturnali di Macrobio'' in ''ASNP'' vol. 22 (1953) pp. 225-252
* G. Lögdberg, ''In Macrobii Saturnalia adnotationes''. Upsaliae, 1936
* P. Wessner, &quot;[[:s:de:RE:Macrobius 7|Macrobius. 7]]&quot; in {{PW}} vol. 14 pars 1 (1928) coll. 170-198
* G. Wissowa, ''De Macrobii Saturnaliorum fontibus capita tria''. Vratislaviae: apud G. Koebnerum, 1880 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__2zRAAAAMAAJ/mode/2up Textus]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Porcus Troianus]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Macrobius/Saturnalia/1*.html Textus] in libros singulos divisus {{Ling|Latine}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100130080231/http://pot-pourri.fltr.ucl.ac.be/files/AClassFTP/TEXTES/Macrobe/ Versio] {{Ling|Francogallice}}
* ''[http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11612/ Macrobii Theodosii Illustrissimi Saturnaliorum Libri VII]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'': liber manu scriptus saec. XV ([[Bibliotheca Laurentiana]] [[Florentia]]e)

[[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 5]]
[[Categoria:Italiae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae aetatis Imperii]]
[[Categoria:Cenae litterariae]]
[[Categoria:Dialogi]]
[[Categoria:Religio Romana]]
[[Categoria:Saturnalia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Radix (botanica)</title>
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      <text bytes="2657" sha1="2m47h4pprgetlyhmij65vk5u6mrbqat" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Taprohmroots01.JPG|thumb|Exempla radicum.]]
[[Fasciculus:Primary and secondary cotton roots.jpg|thumb|Radices primariae et secundariae in [[planta]] [[genus (taxinomia)|generis]] ''[[Gossypium|Gossypii]].'']]
'''Rādīx''' (-''īcis'' f) in [[tracheiophyton|tracheiophytis]] est pars [[satum|sati]] quae plerumque sub [[superficies|superficie]] [[solum|soli]] iacet, ex eo [[aqua|aquam]] [[sal]]esque [[minerale]]s absorbens.

{{NexInt}}
*[[Cambium vasculare]]
*[[Pedologia]]
*[[Ramus (arbor)|Ramus]] (arbor)

==Bibliographia==
*Baldocchi, Dennis D., et Liukang Xu. [[2007]]. What limits evaporation from Mediterranean oak woodlands: The supply of moisture in the soil, physiological control by plants or the demand by the atmosphere? [Periodicum ignotum] 30(10).
*Brundrett, M. C. [[2002]]. Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants. ''New phytologist'' 154(2):275–304. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x DOI.] [http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x Abstractum.] [http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x Textus (HTML).] [https://web.archive.org/web/20041105155820/http://www.newphytologist.org/Brundrett.pdf Textus (PDF).]
*Chen, R., E. Rosen, et P. H. Masson. [[1999]]. Gravitropism in Higher Plants. ''Plant Physiology'' 120(2):343–350. [http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/full/120/2/343 Textus (HTML).]  [http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/reprint/120/2/343.pdf Textus (PDF).]
*Clark, Lynn. [[2004]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060103160847/http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/bot404/docs/404root104.pdf ''Primary Root Structure and Development.''] Acroasis.
*Coutts, M. P. [[1987]]. Developmental processes in tree root systems. ''Canadian Journal of Forest Research'' 17:761–767.
*Phillips, W. S. [[1963]]. Depth of roots in soil. ''Ecology'' 44(2):424.
*Raven, J. A., et D. Edwards. [[2001]]. Roots: evolutionary origins and biogeochemical significance. ''Journal of Experimental Botany'' 52(Suppl 1):381–401.  [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111533/http://jxb.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/52/suppl_1/381 Abstractum.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111333/http://jxb.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/52/suppl_1/381 Textus (HTML).] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111354/http://jxb.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/52/suppl_1/381.pdf Textus (PDF).]
*Schenk, H. J., et R. B. Jackson. [[2002]]. The global biogeography of roots. ''Ecological Monographs'' 72(3):311–328.
*Sutton, R. F., et R. W. Tinus. [[1983]]. Root and root system terminology. ''Forest Science Monograph 24, p. 137.

{{biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Radices plantarum]]

{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
      <sha1>2m47h4pprgetlyhmij65vk5u6mrbqat</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965358</id>
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      <text bytes="2657" sha1="ky9xdgj81j4lm2blbd20i89uvf2es1z" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Taprohmroots01.JPG|thumb|Exempla radicum.]]
[[Fasciculus:Primary and secondary cotton roots.jpg|thumb|Radices primariae et secundariae in [[planta]] [[genus (taxinomia)|generis]] ''[[Gossypium|Gossypii]].'']]
'''Rādīx''' (-īcis ''f'') in [[tracheiophyton|tracheiophytis]] est pars [[satum|sati]] quae plerumque sub [[superficies|superficie]] [[solum|soli]] iacet, ex eo [[aqua|aquam]] [[sal]]esque [[minerale]]s absorbens.

{{NexInt}}
*[[Cambium vasculare]]
*[[Pedologia]]
*[[Ramus (arbor)|Ramus]] (arbor)

==Bibliographia==
*Baldocchi, Dennis D., et Liukang Xu. [[2007]]. What limits evaporation from Mediterranean oak woodlands: The supply of moisture in the soil, physiological control by plants or the demand by the atmosphere? [Periodicum ignotum] 30(10).
*Brundrett, M. C. [[2002]]. Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants. ''New phytologist'' 154(2):275–304. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x DOI.] [http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x Abstractum.] [http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x Textus (HTML).] [https://web.archive.org/web/20041105155820/http://www.newphytologist.org/Brundrett.pdf Textus (PDF).]
*Chen, R., E. Rosen, et P. H. Masson. [[1999]]. Gravitropism in Higher Plants. ''Plant Physiology'' 120(2):343–350. [http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/full/120/2/343 Textus (HTML).]  [http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/reprint/120/2/343.pdf Textus (PDF).]
*Clark, Lynn. [[2004]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060103160847/http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/bot404/docs/404root104.pdf ''Primary Root Structure and Development.''] Acroasis.
*Coutts, M. P. [[1987]]. Developmental processes in tree root systems. ''Canadian Journal of Forest Research'' 17:761–767.
*Phillips, W. S. [[1963]]. Depth of roots in soil. ''Ecology'' 44(2):424.
*Raven, J. A., et D. Edwards. [[2001]]. Roots: evolutionary origins and biogeochemical significance. ''Journal of Experimental Botany'' 52(Suppl 1):381–401.  [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111533/http://jxb.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/52/suppl_1/381 Abstractum.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111333/http://jxb.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/52/suppl_1/381 Textus (HTML).] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111354/http://jxb.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/52/suppl_1/381.pdf Textus (PDF).]
*Schenk, H. J., et R. B. Jackson. [[2002]]. The global biogeography of roots. ''Ecological Monographs'' 72(3):311–328.
*Sutton, R. F., et R. W. Tinus. [[1983]]. Root and root system terminology. ''Forest Science Monograph 24, p. 137.

{{biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Radices plantarum]]

{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="2658" sha1="30ecikrt73xc1e5ir1xa2d9oid121x4" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Taprohmroots01.JPG|thumb|Exempla radicum.]]
[[Fasciculus:Primary and secondary cotton roots.jpg|thumb|Radices primariae et secundariae in [[planta]] [[genus (taxinomia)|generis]] ''[[Gossypium|Gossypii]].'']]
'''Rādīx''' (-īcis, ''f'') in [[tracheiophyton|tracheiophytis]] est pars [[satum|sati]] quae plerumque sub [[superficies|superficie]] [[solum|soli]] iacet, ex eo [[aqua|aquam]] [[sal]]esque [[minerale]]s absorbens.

{{NexInt}}
*[[Cambium vasculare]]
*[[Pedologia]]
*[[Ramus (arbor)|Ramus]] (arbor)

==Bibliographia==
*Baldocchi, Dennis D., et Liukang Xu. [[2007]]. What limits evaporation from Mediterranean oak woodlands: The supply of moisture in the soil, physiological control by plants or the demand by the atmosphere? [Periodicum ignotum] 30(10).
*Brundrett, M. C. [[2002]]. Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants. ''New phytologist'' 154(2):275–304. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x DOI.] [http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x Abstractum.] [http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x Textus (HTML).] [https://web.archive.org/web/20041105155820/http://www.newphytologist.org/Brundrett.pdf Textus (PDF).]
*Chen, R., E. Rosen, et P. H. Masson. [[1999]]. Gravitropism in Higher Plants. ''Plant Physiology'' 120(2):343–350. [http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/full/120/2/343 Textus (HTML).]  [http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/reprint/120/2/343.pdf Textus (PDF).]
*Clark, Lynn. [[2004]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060103160847/http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/bot404/docs/404root104.pdf ''Primary Root Structure and Development.''] Acroasis.
*Coutts, M. P. [[1987]]. Developmental processes in tree root systems. ''Canadian Journal of Forest Research'' 17:761–767.
*Phillips, W. S. [[1963]]. Depth of roots in soil. ''Ecology'' 44(2):424.
*Raven, J. A., et D. Edwards. [[2001]]. Roots: evolutionary origins and biogeochemical significance. ''Journal of Experimental Botany'' 52(Suppl 1):381–401.  [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111533/http://jxb.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/52/suppl_1/381 Abstractum.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111333/http://jxb.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/52/suppl_1/381 Textus (HTML).] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111354/http://jxb.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/52/suppl_1/381.pdf Textus (PDF).]
*Schenk, H. J., et R. B. Jackson. [[2002]]. The global biogeography of roots. ''Ecological Monographs'' 72(3):311–328.
*Sutton, R. F., et R. W. Tinus. [[1983]]. Root and root system terminology. ''Forest Science Monograph 24, p. 137.

{{biologia-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Radices plantarum]]

{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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      <text bytes="2677" sha1="mcf34haxw4u7vtmnd0wm2q4sy3engfy" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Taprohmroots01.JPG|thumb|Exempla radicum.]]
[[Fasciculus:Primary and secondary cotton roots.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Radices primariae et secundariae in [[planta]] [[genus (taxinomia)|generis]] ''[[Gossypium|Gossypii]].'']]
'''Rādīx''' (-īcis, ''f'') in [[tracheiophyton|tracheiophytis]] est pars [[satum|sati]] quae plerumque sub [[superficies|superficie]] [[solum|soli]] iacet, ex eo [[aqua|aquam]] [[sal]]esque [[minerale]]s absorbens.

{{NexInt}}
*[[Cambium vasculare]]
*[[Pedologia]]
*[[Ramus (arbor)|Ramus]] ([[arbor]])

==Bibliographia==
*Baldocchi, Dennis D., et Liukang Xu. [[2007]]. &quot;What limits evaporation from Mediterranean oak woodlands: The supply of moisture in the soil, physiological control by plants or the demand by the atmosphere?&quot; [Periodicum ignotum] 30(10).
*Brundrett, M. C. [[2002]]. &quot;Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants.&quot; ''New Phytologist'' 154(2):275–304. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x DOI.] [http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x Abstractum.] [http://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x Textus (HTML).] [https://web.archive.org/web/20041105155820/http://www.newphytologist.org/Brundrett.pdf Textus (PDF).]
*Chen, R., E. Rosen, et P. H. Masson. [[1999]]. &quot;Gravitropism in Higher Plants.&quot; ''Plant Physiology'' 120 (2): 343–350. [http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/content/full/120/2/343 Textus (HTML).]  [http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/reprint/120/2/343.pdf Textus (PDF).]
*Clark, Lynn. [[2004]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060103160847/http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/bot404/docs/404root104.pdf ''Primary Root Structure and Development.''] Acroasis.
*Coutts, M. P. [[1987]]. &quot;Developmental processes in tree root systems.&quot; ''Canadian Journal of Forest Research'' 17: 761–767.
*Phillips, W. S. [[1963]]. &quot;Depth of roots in soil.&quot; ''Ecology'' 44 (2): 424.
*Raven, J. A., et D. Edwards. [[2001]]. &quot;Roots: evolutionary origins and biogeochemical significance.&quot; ''Journal of Experimental Botany'' 52 (Suppl 1): 381–401.  [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111533/http://jxb.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/52/suppl_1/381 Abstractum.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111333/http://jxb.oupjournals.org/cgi/content/full/52/suppl_1/381 Textus (HTML).] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111354/http://jxb.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/52/suppl_1/381.pdf Textus (PDF).]
*Schenk, H. J., et R. B. Jackson. [[2002]]. &quot;The global biogeography of roots.&quot; ''Ecological Monographs'' 72 (3): 311–328.
*Sutton, R. F., et R. W. Tinus. [[1983]]. &quot;Root and root system terminology.&quot; ''Forest Science Monograph 24, p. 137.

[[Categoria:Radices plantarum]]

{{Myrias|Biologia}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Index communium praefecturae Vosegi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <parentid>3965087</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nomen latine</comment>
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      <text bytes="22113" sha1="szjfggm9ufe1bmuokm9r399vv72rl5g" xml:space="preserve">Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 515 numero.

[[Fasciculus:Vosges-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]]
[[Fasciculus: Senones vu du Petit Paris.jpg|thumb|Despectus in ''[[ Senones ]]'']]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]]
! [[Numerus cursualis]]
! [[Commune]]
|-
| 88001
| 88270
| [[Les Ableuvenettes]]
|- 
| 88002
| 88500
| [[Ahéville]]
|- 
| 88003
| 88140
| [[Aingeville]]
|- 
| 88004
| 88320
| [[Ainvelle (Vosegus)|Ainvelle]]
|- 
| 88005
| 88110
| [[Allarmont]]
|- 
| 88006
| 88500
| [[Ambacuria]]
|- 
| 88007
| 88410
| [[Ameuvelle]]
|- 
| 88008
| 88700
| [[Anglemont]]
|- 
| 88009
| 88650
| [[Anould]]
|- 
| 88010
| 88170
| [[Aouze]]
|- 
| 88011
| 88380
| [[Arches (Vosegus)|Arches]]
|- 
| 88012
| 88380
| [[Archettes]]
|- 
| 88013
| 88170
| [[Aroffe]]
|- 
| 88014
| 88430
| [[Arrentès-de-Corcieux]]
|- 
| 88015
| 88300
| [[Attignéville]]
|- 
| 88016
| 88260
| [[Attigny (Vosegus)|Attigny]]
|- 
| 88017
| 88300
| [[Aulnois]]
|- 
| 88018
| 88640
| [[Aumontzey]]
|- 
| 88019
| 88300
| [[Autigny-la-Tour]]
|- 
| 88020
| 88300
| [[Autreville (Vosegus)|Autreville]]
|- 
| 88021
| 88700
| [[Autrey (Vosegus)|Autrey]]
|- 
| 88022
| 88140
| [[Auzainvilliers]]
|- 
| 88023
| 88500
| [[Avillers (Vosegus)|Avillers]]
|- 
| 88024
| 88130
| [[Avrainville (Vosegus)|Avrainville]]
|- 
| 88025
| 88630
| [[Avranville]]
|- 
| 88026
| 88600
| [[Aydoilles]]
|- 
| 88027
| 88330
| [[Badménil-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88028
| 88460
| [[La Baffe]]
|- 
| 88029
| 88240
| [[Bains-les-Bains]]
|- 
| 88030
| 88270
| [[Bainville-aux-Saules]]
|- 
| 88031
| 88170
| [[Balléville]]
|- 
| 88032
| 88520
| [[Ban-de-Laveline]]
|- 
| 88033
| 88210
| [[Ban-de-Sapt]]
|- 
| 88106
| 88230
| [[Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy]]
|- 
| 88035
| 88640
| [[Barbey-Seroux]]
|- 
| 88036
| 88300
| [[Barville (Vosegus)|Barville]]
|- 
| 88037
| 88120
| [[Basse-sur-le-Rupt]]
|- 
| 88038
| 88130
| [[Battexey]]
|- 
| 88039
| 88500
| [[Baudricourt]]
|- 
| 88040
| 88150
| [[Bayecourt]]
|- 
| 88041
| 88270
| [[Bazegney]]
|- 
| 88042
| 88700
| [[Bazien]]
|- 
| 88043
| 88500
| [[Bazoilles-et-Ménil]]
|- 
| 88044
| 88300
| [[Bazoilles-sur-Meuse]]
|- 
| 88045
| 88300
| [[Beaufremont]]
|- 
| 88046
| 88600
| [[Beauménil]]
|- 
| 88047
| 88270
| [[Begnécourt]]
|- 
| 88048
| 88370
| [[Bellefontaine (Vosegus)|Bellefontaine]]
|- 
| 88049
| 88260
| [[Belmont-lès-Darney]]
|- 
| 88050
| 88600
| [[Belmont-sur-Buttant]]
|- 
| 88051
| 88800
| [[Belmont-sur-Vair]]
|- 
| 88052
| 88260
| [[Belrupt]]
|- 
| 88053
| 88210
| [[Belval (Vosegus)|Belval]]
|- 
| 88054
| 88520
| [[Bertrimoutier]]
|- 
| 88055
| 88450
| [[Bettegney-Saint-Brice]]
|- 
| 88056
| 88500
| [[Bettoncourt]]
|- 
| 88057
| 88490
| [[Le Beulay]]
|- 
| 88058
| 88170
| [[Biécourt]]
|- 
| 88059
| 88430
| [[Biffontaine]]
|- 
| 88060
| 88500
| [[Blémerey (Vosegus)|Blémerey]]
|- 
| 88061
| 88410
| [[Bleurville]]
|- 
| 88062
| 88320
| [[Blevaincourt]]
|- 
| 88063
| 88270
| [[Bocquegney]]
|- 
| 88064
| 88600
| [[Bois-de-Champ]]
|- 
| 88065
| 88260
| [[Bonvillet]]
|- 
| 88066
| 88500
| [[Boulaincourt]]
|- 
| 88068
| 88470
| [[La Bourgonce]]
|- 
| 88069
| 88270
| [[Bouxières-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88070
| 88130
| [[Bouxurulles]]
|- 
| 88071
| 88270
| [[Bouzemont]]
|- 
| 88073
| 88130
| [[Brantigny]]
|- 
| 88074
| 88350
| [[Brechainville]]
|- 
| 88075
| 88250
| [[La Bresse]]
|- 
| 88076
| 88600
| [[Brouvelieures]]
|- 
| 88077
| 88700
| [[Brû]]
|- 
| 88078
| 88600
| [[Bruyères]]
|- 
| 88079
| 88140
| [[Boloniacivilla]]
|- 
| 88080
| 88700
| [[Bult]]
|- 
| 88081
| 88540
| [[Bussang]]
|- 
| 88082
| 88110
| [[Celles-sur-Plaine]]
|- 
| 88083
| 88300
| [[Certilleux]]
|- 
| 88084
| 88130
| [[Chamagne]]
|- 
| 88085
| 88640
| [[Champdray]]
|- 
| 88086
| 88600
| [[Ducis Campus|Champ-le-Duc]]
|- 
| 88087
| 88000
| [[Chantraine (commune)|Chantraine]]
|- 
| 88088
| 88240
| [[La Chapelle-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88089
| 88600
| [[La Chapelle-devant-Bruyères]]
|- 
| 88090
| 88130
| [[Carpinia]]
|- 
| 88091
| 88460
| [[Charmois-devant-Bruyères]]
|- 
| 88092
| 88270
| [[Charmois-l'Orgueilleux]]
|- 
| 88093
| 88210
| [[Châtas]]
|- 
| 88094
| 88330
| [[Châtel-sur-Moselle]]
|- 
| 88095
| 88170
| [[Châtenois (Vosegus)|Châtenois]]
|- 
| 88096
| 88410
| [[Châtillon-sur-Saône]]
|- 
| 88097
| 88500
| [[Chauffecourt]]
|- 
| 88098
| 88390
| [[Chaumousey]]
|- 
| 88099
| 88150
| [[Chavelot]]
|- 
| 88100
| 88500
| [[Chef-Haut]]
|- 
| 88101
| 88460
| [[Cheniménil]]
|- 
| 88102
| 88630
| [[Chermisey]]
|- 
| 88103
| 88270
| [[Circourt]]
|- 
| 88104
| 88300
| [[Circourt-sur-Mouzon]]
|- 
| 88105
| 88410
| [[Claudon]]
|- 
| 88107
| 88630
| [[Clérey-la-Côte]]
|- 
| 88108
| 88240
| [[Le Clerjus]]
|- 
| 88109
| 88120
| [[Cleurie]]
|- 
| 88110
| 88700
| [[Clézentaine]]
|- 
| 88111
| 88100
| [[Coinches]]
|- 
| 88112
| 88490
| [[Colroy-la-Grande]]
|- 
| 88113
| 88490
| [[Combrimont]]
|- 
| 88114
| 88140
| [[Gundrecivilla]]
|- 
| 88115
| 88430
| [[Corcieux]]
|- 
| 88116
| 88310
| [[Cornimont]]
|- 
| 88117
| 88170
| [[Courcelles-sous-Châtenois]]
|- 
| 88118
| 88630
| [[Coussey]]
|- 
| 88119
| 88140
| [[Crainvilliers]]
|- 
| 88120
| 88520
| [[La Croix-aux-Mines]]
|- 
| 88121
| 88330
| [[Damas-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88122
| 88270
| [[Damas-et-Bettegney]]
|- 
| 88123
| 88320
| [[Damblain]]
|- 
| 88124
| 88260
| [[Darney]]
|- 
| 88125
| 88170
| [[Darney-aux-Chênes]]
|- 
| 88126
| 88390
| [[Darnieulles]]
|- 
| 88127
| 88700
| [[Deinvillers]]
|- 
| 88128
| 88210
| [[Denipaire]]
|- 
| 88129
| 88270
| [[Derbamont]]
|- 
| 88130
| 88600
| [[Destord]]
|- 
| 88131
| 88600
| [[Deycimont]]
|- 
| 88132
| 88000
| [[Deyvillers]]
|- 
| 88133
| 88000
| [[Dignonville]]
|- 
| 88134
| 88000
| [[Dinozé]]
|- 
| 88135
| 88460
| [[Docelles]]
|- 
| 88136
| 88000
| [[Dogneville]]
|- 
| 88137
| 88170
| [[Dolaincourt]]
|- 
| 88138
| 88260
| [[Dombasle-devant-Darney]]
|- 
| 88139
| 88500
| [[Dombasle-en-Xaintois]]
|- 
| 88140
| 88140
| [[Dombrot-le-Sec]]
|- 
| 88141
| 88170
| [[Dombrot-sur-Vair]]
|- 
| 88144
| 88500
| [[Domèvre-sous-Montfort]]
|- 
| 88142
| 88390
| [[Domèvre-sur-Avière]]
|- 
| 88143
| 88330
| [[Domèvre-sur-Durbion]]
|- 
| 88145
| 88600
| [[Domfaing]]
|- 
| 88146
| 88800
| [[Domjulien]]
|- 
| 88147
| 88390
| [[Dommartin-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88148
| 88200
| [[Domnus Martinus (Romaricus Mons)]]
|- 
| 88149
| 88260
| [[Dommartin-lès-Vallois]]
|- 
| 88150
| 88170
| [[Dommartin-sur-Vraine]]
|- 
| 88151
| 88270
| [[Donoparium]]
|- 
| 88152
| 88600
| [[Dompierre (Vosegus)|Dompierre]]
|- 
| 88153
| 88700
| [[Domptail]]
|- 
| 88154
| 88630
| [[Domnum Remigium]]
|- 
| 88155
| 88500
| [[Domvallier]]
|- 
| 88156
| 88700
| [[Doncières]]
|- 
| 88157
| 88220
| [[Dounoux]]
|- 
| 88158
| 88510
| [[Éloyes]]
|- 
| 88159
| 88650
| [[Entre-deux-Eaux]]
|- 
| 88160
| 88000
| [[Spinalium]]
|- 
| 88161
| 88260
| [[Escles]]
|- 
| 88162
| 88260
| [[Esley]]
|- 
| 88163
| 88130
| [[Essegney]]
|- 
| 88164
| 88500
| [[Estrennes]]
|- 
| 88165
| 88480
| [[Étival-Clairefontaine]]
|- 
| 88166
| 88450
| [[Évaux-et-Ménil]]
|- 
| 88167
| 88460
| [[Faucompierre]]
|- 
| 88168
| 88700
| [[Fauconcourt]]
|- 
| 88169
| 88600
| [[Fays (Vosegus)|Fays]]
|- 
| 88170
| 88360
| [[Ferdrupt]]
|- 
| 88171
| 88410
| [[Fignévelle]]
|- 
| 88172
| 88600
| [[Fiménil]]
|- 
| 88173
| 88130
| [[Florémont]]
|- 
| 88174
| 88390
| [[Fomerey]]
|- 
| 88175
| 88600
| [[Fontenay (Vosegus)|Fontenay]]
|- 
| 88176
| 88240
| [[Fontenoy-le-Château]]
|- 
| 88177
| 88530
| [[La Forge (Vosegus)|La Forge]]
|- 
| 88178
| 88390
| [[Les Forges (Vosegus)|Les Forges]]
|- 
| 88179
| 88320
| [[Fouchécourt (Vosegus)|Fouchécourt]]
|- 
| 88180
| 88320
| [[Frain]]
|- 
| 88181
| 88230
| [[Fraize]]
|- 
| 88182
| 88490
| [[Frapelle]]
|- 
| 88183
| 88630
| [[Frebécourt]]
|- 
| 88184
| 88600
| [[Fremifontaine]]
|- 
| 88185
| 88500
| [[Frenelle-la-Grande]]
|- 
| 88186
| 88500
| [[Frenelle-la-Petite]]
|- 
| 88187
| 88270
| [[Frénois (Vosegus)|Frénois]]
|- 
| 88188
| 88160
| [[Fresse-sur-Moselle]]
|- 
| 88189
| 88350
| [[Fréville (Vosegus)|Fréville]]
|- 
| 88190
| 88440
| [[Frizon]]
|- 
| 88192
| 88270
| [[Gelvécourt-et-Adompt]]
|- 
| 88193
| 88520
| [[Gemaingoutte]]
|- 
| 88194
| 88170
| [[Gemmelaincourt]]
|- 
| 88195
| 88140
| [[Gendreville]]
|- 
| 88196
| 88400
| [[Gérardmer]]
|- 
| 88197
| 88120
| [[Gerbamont]]
|- 
| 88198
| 88430
| [[Gerbépal]]
|- 
| 88199
| 88320
| [[Gignéville]]
|- 
| 88200
| 88390
| [[Gigney]]
|- 
| 88201
| 88390
| [[Girancourt]]
|- 
| 88202
| 88500
| [[Gircourt-lès-Viéville]]
|- 
| 88203
| 88600
| [[Girecourt-sur-Durbion]]
|- 
| 88205
| 88340
| [[Girmont-Val-d'Ajol]]
|- 
| 88206
| 88170
| [[Gironcourt-sur-Vraine]]
|- 
| 88208
| 88410
| [[Godoncourt]]
|- 
| 88209
| 88190
| [[Golbey]]
|- 
| 88210
| 88270
| [[Gorhey]]
|- 
| 88212
| 88350
| [[Grand (Vosegus)|Grand]]
|- 
| 88213
| 88490
| [[La Grande-Fosse]]
|- 
| 88215
| 88210
| [[Grandrupt]]
|- 
| 88214
| 88240
| [[Grandrupt-de-Bains]]
|- 
| 88216
| 88600
| [[Grandvillers]]
|- 
| 88218
| 88640
| [[Granges-sur-Vologne]]
|- 
| 88219
| 88630
| [[Greux]]
|- 
| 88220
| 88410
| [[Grignoncourt]]
|- 
| 88221
| 88240
| [[Gruey-lès-Surance]]
|- 
| 88222
| 88600
| [[Gugnécourt]]
|- 
| 88223
| 88450
| [[Gugney-aux-Aulx]]
|- 
| 88224
| 88330
| [[Hadigny-les-Verrières]]
|- 
| 88225
| 88220
| [[Hadol]]
|- 
| 88226
| 88270
| [[Hagécourt]]
|- 
| 88227
| 88300
| [[Hagnéville-et-Roncourt]]
|- 
| 88228
| 88330
| [[Haillainville]]
|- 
| 88229
| 88300
| [[Harchéchamp]]
|- 
| 88230
| 88700
| [[Hardancourt]]
|- 
| 88231
| 88800
| [[Haréville]]
|- 
| 88232
| 88300
| [[Harmonville]]
|- 
| 88233
| 88270
| [[Harol]]
|- 
| 88234
| 88240
| [[Harsault]]
|- 
| 88235
| 88240
| [[Hautmougey]]
|- 
| 88236
| 88240
| [[La Haye (Vosegus)|La Haye]]
|- 
| 88237
| 88270
| [[Hennecourt]]
|- 
| 88238
| 88260
| [[Hennezel]]
|- 
| 88239
| 88130
| [[Hergugney]]
|- 
| 88240
| 88600
| [[Herpelmont]]
|- 
| 88241
| 88170
| [[Houécourt]]
|- 
| 88242
| 88300
| [[Houéville]]
|- 
| 88243
| 88700
| [[Housseras]]
|- 
| 88244
| 88430
| [[La Houssière]]
|- 
| 88245
| 88210
| [[Hurbache]]
|- 
| 88246
| 88500
| [[Hymont]]
|- 
| 88247
| 88150
| [[Igney (Vosegus)|Igney]]
|- 
| 88248
| 88320
| [[Isches]]
|- 
| 88249
| 88300
| [[Jainvillotte]]
|- 
| 88250
| 88550
| [[Jarménil]]
|- 
| 88251
| 88700
| [[Jeanménil]]
|- 
| 88252
| 88260
| [[Jésonville]]
|- 
| 88253
| 88000
| [[Jeuxey]]
|- 
| 88254
| 88500
| [[Jorxey]]
|- 
| 88255
| 88630
| [[Jubainville]]
|- 
| 88256
| 88640
| [[Jussarupt]]
|- 
| 88257
| 88500
| [[Juvaincourt]]
|- 
| 88258
| 88320
| [[Lamarche]]
|- 
| 88259
| 88300
| [[Landaville]]
|- 
| 88260
| 88130
| [[Langley (Vosegus)|Langley]]
|- 
| 88261
| 88600
| [[Laval-sur-Vologne]]
|- 
| 88262
| 88600
| [[Laveline-devant-Bruyères]]
|- 
| 88263
| 88640
| [[Laveline-du-Houx]]
|- 
| 88264
| 88270
| [[Légéville-et-Bonfays]]
|- 
| 88265
| 88300
| [[Lemmecourt]]
|- 
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]]
! [[Numerus cursualis]]
! [[Commune]]
|-
| 88266
| 88600
| [[Lépanges-sur-Vologne]]
|- 
| 88267
| 88260
| [[Lerrain]]
|- 
| 88268
| 88490
| [[Lesseux]]
|- 
| 88269
| 88400
| [[Liézey]]
|- 
| 88270
| 88350
| [[Liffol-le-Grand]]
|- 
| 88271
| 88800
| [[Lignéville]]
|- 
| 88272
| 88410
| [[Lironcourt]]
|- 
| 88273
| 88000
| [[Longchamp (Vosegus)|Longchamp]]
|- 
| 88274
| 88170
| [[Longchamp-sous-Châtenois]]
|- 
| 88275
| 88490
| [[Lubine]]
|- 
| 88276
| 88490
| [[Lusse]]
|- 
| 88277
| 88110
| [[Luvigny]]
|- 
| 88278
| 88170
| [[Maconcourt]]
|- 
| 88279
| 88270
| [[Madecourt]]
|- 
| 88280
| 88450
| [[Madegney]]
|- 
| 88281
| 88270
| [[Madonne-et-Lamerey]]
|- 
| 88282
| 88240
| [[Le Magny (Vosegus)|Le Magny]]
|- 
| 88283
| 88140
| [[Malaincourt]]
|- 
| 88284
| 88650
| [[Mandray]]
|- 
| 88285
| 88800
| [[Mandres-sur-Vair]]
|- 
| 88286
| 88130
| [[Marainville-sur-Madon]]
|- 
| 88287
| 88320
| [[Marey (Vosegus)|Marey]]
|- 
| 88288
| 88270
| [[Maroncourt]]
|- 
| 88289
| 88320
| [[Martigny-les-Bains]]
|- 
| 88290
| 88300
| [[Martigny-les-Gerbonvaux]]
|- 
| 88291
| 88410
| [[Martinvelle]]
|- 
| 88292
| 88500
| [[Mattaincourt]]
|- 
| 88293
| 88630
| [[Maxey-sur-Meuse]]
|- 
| 88294
| 88150
| [[Mazeley]]
|- 
| 88295
| 88500
| [[Mazirot]]
|- 
| 88296
| 88140
| [[Médonville]]
|- 
| 88297
| 88600
| [[Méménil]]
|- 
| 88298
| 88700
| [[Ménarmont]]
|- 
| 88302
| 88160
| [[Le Ménil]]
|- 
| 88300
| 88210
| [[Ménil-de-Senones]]
|- 
| 88299
| 88500
| [[Ménil-en-Xaintois]]
|- 
| 88301
| 88700
| [[Ménil-sur-Belvitte]]
|- 
| 88303
| 88630
| [[Midrevaux]]
|- 
| 88304
| 88500
| [[Mirecurtium]]
|- 
| 88305
| 88630
| [[Moncel-sur-Vair]]
|- 
| 88306
| 88210
| [[Le Mont]]
|- 
| 88309
| 88800
| [[Monthureux-le-Sec]]
|- 
| 88310
| 88410
| [[Monthureux-sur-Saône]]
|- 
| 88307
| 88320
| [[Mont-lès-Lamarche]]
|- 
| 88308
| 88300
| [[Mont-lès-Neufchâteau]]
|- 
| 88311
| 88240
| [[Montmotier]]
|- 
| 88312
| 88170
| [[Morelmaison]]
|- 
| 88313
| 88330
| [[Moriville]]
|- 
| 88314
| 88320
| [[Morizécourt]]
|- 
| 88315
| 88600
| [[Mortagne (Vosegus)|Mortagne]]
|- 
| 88316
| 88140
| [[Morville (Vosegus)|Morville]]
|- 
| 88317
| 88210
| [[Moussey (Vosegus)|Moussey]]
|- 
| 88318
| 88700
| [[Moyemont]]
|- 
| 88319
| 88420
| [[Moyenmoutier]]
|- 
| 88320
| 88100
| [[Nayemont-les-Fosses]]
|- 
| 88321
| 88300
| [[Neocastrum]]
|- 
| 88322
| 88600
| [[La Neuveville-devant-Lépanges]]
|- 
| 88324
| 88170
| [[La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois]]
|- 
| 88325
| 88800
| [[La Neuveville-sous-Montfort]]
|- 
| 88326
| 88100
| [[Neuvillers-sur-Fave]]
|- 
| 88327
| 88440
| [[Nomexy]]
|- 
| 88328
| 88470
| [[Nompatelize]]
|- 
| 88330
| 88260
| [[Nonville (Vosegus)|Nonville]]
|- 
| 88331
| 88600
| [[Nonzeville]]
|- 
| 88332
| 88800
| [[Norroy]]
|- 
| 88333
| 88700
| [[Nossoncourt]]
|- 
| 88334
| 88500
| [[Oëlleville]]
|- 
| 88335
| 88500
| [[Offroicourt]]
|- 
| 88336
| 88170
| [[Ollainville (Vosegus)|Ollainville]]
|- 
| 88338
| 88700
| [[Ortoncourt]]
|- 
| 88340
| 88700
| [[Padoux]]
|- 
| 88341
| 88100
| [[Pair-et-Grandrupt]]
|- 
| 88342
| 88330
| [[Pallegney]]
|- 
| 88343
| 88800
| [[Parey-sous-Montfort]]
|- 
| 88344
| 88350
| [[Pargny-sous-Mureau]]
|- 
| 88345
| 88490
| [[La Petite-Fosse]]
|- 
| 88346
| 88210
| [[La Petite-Raon]]
|- 
| 88347
| 88270
| [[Pierrefitte (Vosegus)|Pierrefitte]]
|- 
| 88348
| 88600
| [[Pierrepont-sur-l'Arentèle]]
|- 
| 88349
| 88230
| [[Plainfaing]]
|- 
| 88350
| 88170
| [[Pleuvezain]]
|- 
| 88351
| 88370
| [[Plumberae]]
|- 
| 88352
| 88300
| [[Pompierre]]
|- 
| 88353
| 88260
| [[Pont-lès-Bonfays]]
|- 
| 88354
| 88500
| [[Pont-sur-Madon]]
|- 
| 88355
| 88330
| [[Portieux]]
|- 
| 88356
| 88600
| [[Les Poulières]]
|- 
| 88357
| 88500
| [[Poussay]]
|- 
| 88358
| 88550
| [[Pouxeux]]
|- 
| 88359
| 88600
| [[Prey (Vosegus)|Prey]]
|- 
| 88360
| 88260
| [[Provenchères-lès-Darney]]
|- 
| 88361
| 88490
| [[Provenchères-sur-Fave]]
|- 
| 88362
| 88210
| [[Le Puid]]
|- 
| 88363
| 88630
| [[Punerot]]
|- 
| 88364
| 88500
| [[Puzieux (Vosegus)|Puzieux]]
|- 
| 88365
| 88270
| [[Racécourt]]
|- 
| 88366
| 88170
| [[Rainville (Vosegus)|Rainville]]
|- 
| 88367
| 88700
| [[Rambervillers]]
|- 
| 88368
| 88500
| [[Ramecourt (Vosegus)|Ramecourt]]
|- 
| 88369
| 88160
| [[Ramonchamp]]
|- 
| 88370
| 88270
| [[Rancourt (Vosegus)|Rancourt]]
|- 
| 88371
| 88220
| [[Raon-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88372
| 88110
| [[Raon-l'Étape]]
|- 
| 88373
| 88110
| [[Raon-sur-Plaine]]
|- 
| 88374
| 88130
| [[Rapey]]
|- 
| 88375
| 88520
| [[Raves (Vosegus)|Raves]]
|- 
| 88376
| 88300
| [[Rebeuville]]
|- 
| 88377
| 88410
| [[Regnévelle]]
|- 
| 88378
| 88450
| [[Regney]]
|- 
| 88379
| 88330
| [[Rehaincourt]]
|- 
| 88380
| 88640
| [[Rehaupal]]
|- 
| 88381
| 88260
| [[Relanges]]
|- 
| 88382
| 88500
| [[Remicourt (Vosegus)|Remicourt]]
|- 
| 88383
| 88200
| [[Romarici Mons]]
|- 
| 88386
| 88100
| [[Remomeix]]
|- 
| 88385
| 88800
| [[Remoncourt (Vosegus)|Remoncourt]]
|- 
| 88387
| 88170
| [[Removille]]
|- 
| 88388
| 88390
| [[Renauvoid]]
|- 
| 88389
| 88500
| [[Repel]]
|- 
| 88390
| 88320
| [[Robécourt]]
|- 
| 88391
| 88120
| [[Rochesson]]
|- 
| 88392
| 88320
| [[Rocourt (Vosegus)|Rocourt]]
|- 
| 88393
| 88300
| [[Rollainville]]
|- 
| 88394
| 88320
| [[Romain-aux-Bois]]
|- 
| 88395
| 88700
| [[Romont (Vosegus)|Romont]]
|- 
| 88398
| 88600
| [[Les Rouges-Eaux]]
|- 
| 88399
| 88460
| [[Le Roulier]]
|- 
| 88400
| 88500
| [[Rouvres-en-Xaintois]]
|- 
| 88401
| 88170
| [[Rouvres-la-Chétive]]
|- 
| 88402
| 88700
| [[Roville-aux-Chênes]]
|- 
| 88403
| 88500
| [[Rozerotte]]
|- 
| 88404
| 88320
| [[Rozières-sur-Mouzon]]
|- 
| 88406
| 88130
| [[Rugney]]
|- 
| 88407
| 88630
| [[Ruppes]]
|- 
| 88408
| 88360
| [[Rupt-sur-Moselle]]
|- 
| 88409
| 88120
| [[Saint-Amé]]
|- 
| 88411
| 88260
| [[Sanctus Basolimons]]
|- 
| 88412
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Benedictus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Benedictus]]
|- 
| 88413
| 88100
| [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sanctus Deodatus]]
|- 
| 88410
| 88700
| [[Sancta Barbara (Vosegus)|Sancta Barbara]]
|- 
| 88418
| 88700
| [[Sancta Helena (Vosegus)|Sancta Helena]]
|- 
| 88424
| 88100
| [[Sancta Margareta (Vosegus)|Sancta Margareta]]
|- 
| 88415
| 88200
| [[Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam]]
|- 
| 88416
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Genesius]]
|- 
| 88417
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Gorgonius]]
|- 
| 88419
| 88210
| [[Saint-Jean-d'Ormont]]
|- 
| 88421
| 88410
| [[Sanctus Iulianus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Iulianus]]
|- 
| 88423
| 88650
| [[Sanctus Leonardus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Leonardus]]
|- 
| 88425
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Mauricius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Mauricius]]
|- 
| 88426
| 88560
| [[Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle]]
|- 
| 88427
| 88170
| [[Sanctus Memmius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Memmius]]
|- 
| 88428
| 88470
| [[Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe]]
|- 
| 88429
| 88200
| [[Sanctus Nabor (Vosegus)|Sanctus Nabor]]
|- 
| 88430
| 88140
| [[Sanctus Audoenus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Audoenus]]
|- 
| 88431
| 88170
| [[Sanctus Paulus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Paulus]]
|- 
| 88432
| 88700
| [[Sanctus Petrimons]]
|- 
| 88433
| 88500
| [[Sanctus Pancratius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Pancratius]]
|- 
| 88434
| 88800
| [[Sancti Remigii Mons (Vosegus)|Sancti Remigii Mons]]
|- 
| 88435
| 88480
| [[Sanctus Remigius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Remigius]]
|- 
| 88436
| 88210
| [[Sanctus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Stephanus]]
|- 
| 88437
| 88270
| [[Sanctus Valerius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Valerius]]
|- 
| 88438
| 88470
| [[La Salle (Vosegus)|La Salle]]
|- 
| 88439
| 88390
| [[Sanchey]]
|- 
| 88440
| 88170
| [[Sandaucuria]]
|- 
| 88441
| 88260
| [[Sans-Vallois]]
|- 
| 88442
| 88120
| [[Sapois (Vosegus)|Sapois]]
|- 
| 88443
| 88300
| [[Sartes]]
|- 
| 88444
| 88210
| [[Le Saulcy]]
|- 
| 88445
| 88580
| [[Salicetum (Vosegus)|Salicetum]]
|- 
| 88446
| 88140
| [[Salsurae (Vosegus)|Salsurae]]
|- 
| 88447
| 88290
| [[Salsuriae]]
|- 
| 88448
| 88140
| [[Seivilla]]
|- 
| 88449
| 88130
| [[Saviniacum (Vosegus)|Saviniacum]]
|- 
| 88450
| 88320
| [[Senagda]]
|- 
| 88451
| 88210
| [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senonia]]
|- 
| 88452
| 88260
| [[Senonges]]
|- 
| 88453
| 88630
| [[Seromons]]
|- 
| 88454
| 88600
| [[Sarcus (Vosegus)|Sarcus]]
|- 
| 88455
| 88320
| [[Sirecuria]]
|- 
| 88456
| 88320
| [[Serocourt]]
|- 
| 88457
| 88630
| [[Seona (Vosegus)|Seona]]
|- 
| 88458
| 88130
| [[Solicuria]]
|- 
| 88459
| 88170
| [[Soncuria]]
|- 
| 88460
| 88630
| [[Solicia]]
|- 
| 88461
| 88140
| [[Serewavilla]]
|- 
| 88462
| 88120
| [[Le Syndicat]]
|- 
| 88463
| 88100
| [[Tinctorivus]]
|- 
| 88464
| 88460
| [[Tendon (Vosegus)|Tendon]]
|- 
| 88465
| 88150
| [[Tado]]
|- 
| 88466
| 88800
| [[Tillia]]
|- 
| 88467
| 88290
| [[Thiéfosse]]
|- 
| 88468
| 88160
| [[Le Thillot]]
|- 
| 88469
| 88500
| [[Tirocuria]]
|- 
| 88470
| 88530
| [[Le Tholy]]
|- 
| 88471
| 88410
| [[Les Thons]]
|- 
| 88472
| 88260
| [[Thuillières]]
|- 
| 88473
| 88320
| [[Tignécourt]]
|- 
| 88474
| 88300
| [[Tellum (Vosegus)|Tellum]]
|- 
| 88475
| 88320
| [[Toteleni curtis]]
|- 
| 88476
| 88500
| [[Totoni villa]]
|- 
| 88477
| 88350
| [[Trampodium]]
|- 
| 88478
| 88300
| [[Tranculfi villa]]
|- 
| 88479
| 88240
| [[Trémonzey]]
|- 
| 88480
| 88130
| [[Ubexy]]
|- 
| 88481
| 88220
| [[Uriménil]]
|- 
| 88482
| 88140
| [[Eurivilla]]
|- 
| 88483
| 88390
| [[Ursiniacum]]
|- 
| 88484
| 88220
| [[Usminga]]
|- 
| 88485
| 88140
| [[La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie]]
|- 
| 88486
| 88120
| [[Vainiacum]]
|- 
| 88487
| 88340
| [[Le Val-d'Ajol]]
|- 
| 88488
| 88270
| [[Valefridicurtis]]
|- 
| 88489
| 88270
| [[Vallis Regia (Vosegus)|Vallis Regia]]
|- 
| 88490
| 88800
| [[Vallis Regia Sicca]]
|- 
| 88491
| 88260
| [[Tres Valesii]]
|- 
| 88492
| 88230
| [[Le Valtin]]
|- 
| 88493
| 88450
| [[Varmonzey]]
|- 
| 88494
| 88500
| [[Vaubexy]]
|- 
| 88495
| 88000
| [[Waldinivilla]]
|- 
| 88496
| 88140
| [[Valdonis curtis (Vosegus)|Valdonis curtis]]
|- 
| 88497
| 88330
| [[Wauxoncuria]]
|- 
| 88498
| 88200
| [[Vecoux]]
|- 
| 88499
| 88270
| [[Velotte-et-Tatignécourt]]
|- 
| 88500
| 88310
| [[Ventron]]
|- 
| 88501
| 88210
| [[Le Vermont]]
|- 
| 88502
| 88600
| [[Vervezelle]]
|- 
| 88503
| 88110
| [[Vexaincourt]]
|- 
| 88504
| 88170
| [[Vicherey]]
|- 
| 88505
| 88430
| [[Vienville]]
|- 
| 88506
| 88210
| [[Vieux-Moulin (Vosegus)|Vieux-Moulin]]
|- 
| 88507
| 88500
| [[Villers (Vosegus)|Villers]]
|- 
| 88508
| 88270
| [[Ville-sur-Illon]]
|- 
| 88509
| 88150
| [[Villoncourt]]
|- 
| 88510
| 88320
| [[Villotte]]
|- 
| 88511
| 88350
| [[Villouxel]]
|- 
| 88512
| 88600
| [[Viménil]]
|- 
| 88513
| 88450
| [[Vincey]]
|- 
| 88514
| 88170
| [[Viocourt]]
|- 
| 88515
| 88260
| [[Vioménil]]
|- 
| 88516
| 88800
| [[Vittel]]
|- 
| 88517
| 88260
| [[Viviers-le-Gras]]
|- 
| 88518
| 88500
| [[Viviers-lès-Offroicourt]]
|- 
| 88519
| 88470
| [[La Voivre (Vosegus)|La Voivre]]
|- 
| 88520
| 88240
| [[Les Voivres]]
|- 
| 88521
| 88700
| [[Vomécourt]]
|- 
| 88522
| 88500
| [[Vomécourt-sur-Madon]]
|- 
| 88523
| 88170
| [[Vouxey]]
|- 
| 88524
| 88140
| [[Vrécourt]]
|- 
| 88525
| 88500
| [[Vroville]]
|- 
| 88526
| 88520
| [[Wisembach]]
|- 
| 88527
| 88700
| [[Xaffévillers]]
|- 
| 88528
| 88460
| [[Xamontarupt]]
|- 
| 88529
| 88130
| [[Xaronval]]
|- 
| 88530
| 88220
| [[Scatiniacum]]
|- 
| 88531
| 88400
| [[Xonrupt-Longemer]]
|- 
| 88532
| 88330
| [[Zincourt]]
|}
{{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}}
[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi|!]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Miniacum (Mariculum)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>126881</id>
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      <text bytes="1061" sha1="tc3ps5inif4a8zc0pr172ihc8vaimo3" xml:space="preserve">'''Miniacum'''&lt;ref&gt;Michel-Jean-Joseph Brial, ''Recueil des historiens de Gaules et de la Fance'', Lutetiae, 1822, Imprimerie Royale, T. XVIII. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=OkrOlOBik-MC&amp;pg=PA807&amp;lpg=PA807&amp;dq=Miniacum+Britannia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=NHt-nr5lYG&amp;sig=OWofSBueO6OBGy0BNLCMNcU8SiY&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=OmQTT62oHofoggeu4oT0Aw&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Miniacum%20Britannia&amp;f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Francogallice]] ''Ménéac'', [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] ''Menieg'') est commune 1706 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Mariculum|Mariculi]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor|Britanniae Minoris]].
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Mariculi]]
== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Ménéac|Miniacum}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100430173346/http://www.porhoet.fr/meneac.html Miniaci pagina interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Morbihani]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Morbihani]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mauricella</title>
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      <text bytes="1415" sha1="i0grin4ys7v83c9u3uiao5r5gl7syvj" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Mordelles - église Saint-Pierre.jpg|thumb|200 px|Mauricellae [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Petrus|Sancto Petro]] dicata]]
[[Fasciculus:Ecu de gueules au croissant d'or.svg|thumb|200px|Mauricellae arma gentilitia]]
'''Mauricella'''&lt;ref&gt;Guy-Alexis Lobinau, ''Histoire de Bretagne'', [[Lutetia]]e, 1707, T.II, p. 108. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=HO_R6hgt6tkC&amp;pg=RA1-PA108&amp;lpg=RA1-PA108&amp;dq=Mauricella+Britannia&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ZM_HODFhE1&amp;sig=D7T-iH_G3Y1kAGVrfA6WiD9kLaM&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=fInJT4uCHobe9ATeytH6Dg&amp;sqi=2&amp;ved=0CFIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&amp;q=Mauricella%20Britannia&amp;f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Latine}}&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Francogallice]] ''Mordelles'', [[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonice]] ''Mordèll'', [[Lingua Britonica|Britonice]] ''Morzhell'') est commune 6777 incolarum (anno [[2007]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Illa et Vicinonia|Illae et Vicinoniae]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Britannia Minor]]e iuxta [[Condate Redonum]].
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Illae et Vicinoniae]]
== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Mordelles|Mordelles}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721024512/http://www.ville-mordelles.fr/ Mauricellae pagina interretialis]
* {{INSEE commune|35196|de=Mauricella}}
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Ellae et Vicenoniae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Ellae et Vicenoniae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>São Paulo Futebol Clube</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>128375</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965347</id>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>158195</id>
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      <comment>/* Celebri lusores */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1810" sha1="6mh2m1rr1vv1063g2w28uslxa3ao809" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa societatis pediludii
	| nomen = São Paulo F.C.
    | imago = São Paulo Futebol Clube logo (2022).svg
	| nomen plenum = São Paulo Futebol Clube
	| nomen aliud = ''Tricolor Paulista'', ''Soberano''
	| instituta = [[1930]]
	| domus = [[Estadio Cicero Pompeu de Toledo]]
	| capacitas = 67 052
	| dominus = [[Júlio Casares]]
	| liga = Brasileirão
	| tempus = 2024
	| locus = 6.
}}

''' ''São Paulo Futebol Clube'' ''', vel modo ''' ''São Paulo'' ''' ([[Lingua latina|Latine]]: ''Sanctus Paulus Pediludium Consociatio'') est societas [[Pediludium|pediludii]] et [[ludus athleticus|ludorum athleticorum]] [[Brasilia|Brasiliensis]] [[Urbs Paulistana|Paulistanus]]. Condita est die [[25 Ianuarius]] [[1930]] et in liga foederata prima Brasiliensis ludit.

== Succesus ==
=== Tituli nationales ===
* '''Campio Brasiliensus (semel)''': [[1977]], [[1986]], [[1991]], [[2006]], [[2007]], [[2008]].
* '''Campio Paulistus''': [[1931]], [[1943]], [[1945]], [[1946]], [[1948]], [[1949]], [[1953]], [[1957]], [[1970]], [[1971]], [[1975]], [[1980]], [[1981]], [[1985]], [[1987]], [[1989]], [[1991]], [[1992]], [[1998]], [[2000]], [[2005]],2021.

=== Tituli internationales ===
* '''Mundiale Poculum (semel)''': [[2005]]

== Celebri lusores ==
* [[Raí]]
* [[Leonardus Nascimento de Araújo|Leonardus]]
* [[Rogerius Ceni]]
* [[Cafu]]
* [[Kaká]]
* [[Careca]]
* Müller (Ludovicus Antonius Corrêa da Costa)
* Darius Pereyra
* Canhoteiro
* Gerson
* Zetti
* Rui Campos
* Iosephus Carolus Bauer
* Alfredus Noronha
* Maurus Ramos
* Petrus Rocha
* Paulus Forlán
* [[Didacus Lugano]]
* Waldir Peres
* Leonidas da Silva
* Ludovicus Fabianus

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.saopaulofc.net// Pagina officialis]

{{ludus-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Paulopolis]]
[[Categoria:Societates pediludii]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1935]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Monumentum Nationale Martini Lutheri King Iunioris</title>
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      <text bytes="16886" sha1="j9ntvfht761ho6tjyhjx3sr48hg1chw" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--{{Infobox nrhp | name =Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial
| nrhp_type = nmem
| image = MLK Jr Memorial 2.jpg
| caption = &quot;Lapis Spei,&quot; medium monumentum; adumbratio artificis
| location = Vashingtoniae
| lat_degrees = 38
| lat_minutes = 53
| lat_seconds = 10
| lat_direction = N
| long_degrees = 77
| long_minutes = 2
| long_seconds = 42
| long_direction = W
| coord_parameters = region:US-DC_type:landmark
| coord_display = inline,title
| locmapin = Districtus Columbiae
| area = 4 acres (16,000 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;)
| built = 2011
| architect=  [[ROMA Design Group]] (architecti)&lt;br /&gt;Ed Jackson, Jr. (executive architect)&lt;br /&gt;[[Lei Yixin]] (sculptor)
| architecture=
| visitation_num =
| visitation_year =
| governing_body = [[National Park Service]]
| refnum=
}}--&gt;
&lt;!--PRO TEM--&gt;

'''Monumentum Nationale Martini Lutheri King Iunioris''' est [[monumentum]] in [[Campus Nationalis|Campo Nationali]]&lt;!--National Mall--&gt; [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)]] die [[28 Augusti]] [[2011]] dicatum, anniversario duodequinquagensimo [[oratio]]nis &quot;[[I Have a Dream]].&quot; Aedificium, [[Monumentum FDR]] adiacens, inter monumenta [[Monumentum Lincolnianum|Lincolnianum]] et [[Monumentum Jeffersonianum|Ieffersonianum]], nationalem internationalemque [[Martinus Lutherus King Iunior|Martini Lutheri King Iunioris]] laborem pro imagine perfectae Americae (pro &quot;somnio Americano,&quot; exemplari cui potestatem et spem ascripsit), et pro [[libertas|libertate]], [[democratia]], omniumque potestate celebrat. Omne monumentum, trans quattuor agros (''acres'') patens, post plus quam viginti annos excogitandi, petendi&lt;!--fund-raising--&gt;, aedificandi aperuit.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=A Dream Fulfilled, Martin Luther King Memorial Opens |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/23/us/23mlk.html?_r=1&amp;smid=fb-nytimes&amp;WT.mc_id=US-SM-E-FB-SM-LIN-ADF-082311-NYT-NA&amp;WT.mc_ev=click |publisher= [[New York Times]]|date=22 Augusti 2011}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hoc non est primum monumentum [[Afroamericani|Afroamericanis]] Vasingtoniae dicatum, sed King est primus Africano-Americanus in vel prope Campum Nationale et solum quartus non [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum]] sic decoratus. Monumentum a [[Ministerium Saeptorum Nationalium (Civitates Foederatae)|Ministerio Saeptorum Nationalium]] administratur.

== Martinus Lutherus King Iunior ==
Martinus Lutherus King Iunior (15 Ianuarii 1929—4 Aprilis 1968), [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]] [[PhD|philosophiae doctor]], minister [[Christianitas|Christianus]], [[scriptor]], concitator reipublicae&lt;!--political activist--&gt;, egregius [[Motus iurum civilium Afroamericanus (1954-68)|motus iurum civilium Africano-Americanorum]] dux,&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | last = Schlesinger | first = Arthur M. | origyear = 1965 | year = 2002 | title = A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House | page = xiv}}.&lt;/ref&gt; fuit vir notissimus et persona insignis&lt;!--iconic figure--&gt; amplificationis [[iura civilia et politica|iurum civilium]] in Civitatibus Foederatis atque adeo per orbem terrarum, rationibus [[inviolentia]]e secundum doctrinas [[Mahatma Gandhi|Mahatmae Gandhi]] adhibendis.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://articles.sfgate.com/2003-01-20/opinion/17474454_1_nonviolence-philosophy-king | first=Placido P.|last=D'Souza| title= Commemorating Martin Luther King Jr.: Gandhi's influence on King| work= San Francisco Chronicle | date = 20 Ianuarii 2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; King saepe ut heroicus in historia [[liberalismus hodiernus Americanus|liberalismi hodierni Americani]] dux monstratur.&lt;ref&gt;{{citation | first = Paul R. | last = Krugman | title = The Conscience of a Liberal | year = 2007 | page = 85}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Martin Luther King - March on Washington.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Martinus Lutherus King Jr. orationem &quot;[[I Have a Dream]]&quot; habet per [[Iter in Vasingtoniam Occupationis Libertatisque Causa]] anni [[1963]].]]

Ipse, minister [[Foedus Nationale Progressivum Baptistarum|Foederis Nationale Progressivum Baptistarum]], iuvenis factus est [[Motus iurum civilium Afroamericanus (1954-68)|concitator iurum civilium]].&lt;ref&gt;Lischer, Richard. (2001). [http://books.google.com/books?id=xFt5f9MsuMoC&amp;pg=PP14&amp;dq=martin+luther+king+sermon&amp;client=firefox-a#PPA3,M1 ''The Preacher King,'' p. 3].&lt;/ref&gt; Anno [[1955]], [[Montgomeriana Laophoriorum Recusatio|Montgomerianam Laophoriorum Recusationem]] (''Montgomery Bus Boycott'') duxit et anno [[1957]] [[Conloquium Meridianum Ductus Christiani]] (''Southern Christian Leadership Conference'') condere adiuvit, cuius fuit primus praeses. Conatus King ad [[Iter in Vasingtoniam Occupationis Libertatisque Causa]] anni [[1963]] iniecerunt, ubi King orationem &quot;[[I Have a Dream]]&quot; habuit. Imaginem perfectae Americae ibi auxit ut exemplar societatis [[color]]ibus caecae&lt;!--colorblind--&gt; comprehenderet, et suam publicam confirmavit existimationem ut unus ex maximorum [[historia]]e Civitatum Foederatarum oratorum.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobelbio&quot;&gt;[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king-bio.html nobelprize.org], retrieved 5 Augusti 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Anno [[1964]], King factus est iuvenissimus vir cui [[Praemium Nobelianum Pacis Componendae]] concessum erat, pro suo opere ad finiendam [[segregatio phyletica in Civitatibus Foederatis|segregationem phyleticam]] et [[phyletismus|phyletismum]] per [[contumacia civilis|contumaciam civilem]]&lt;!--civil disobedience--&gt; et per alias rationes [[inviolentia|inviolentas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;nobelbio&quot;/&gt; Tempore suae [[mors|mortis]], anno [[1968]], [[paupertas|paupertatem]] [[Bellum Indosinense II|Bellumque Indosinense II]] finire conabatur.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkatimetobreaksilence.htm http://www.americanrhetoric.com/], retrieved 5 Augusti 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2010/jan/18/king-focused-on-ending-poverty &quot;King focused on ending poverty,&quot;] retrieved 5 Augusti 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

King [[Caedes Martini Lutheri King Iunioris|insidiis interfectus est die [[4 Aprilis]] 1968]]&lt;!--Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.--&gt; [[Memphis (Tennesia)|Memphide]] [[Tennesia]]e.&lt;ref name=&quot;nobelbio&quot;/&gt; Cui post mortem anno [[1977]] concessus est [[Praesidentialis Libertatis Clipeus]] (''Presidential Medal of Freedom'') et anno [[2004]] [[Congressionalis Aurei Clipeus]] (''Congressional Gold Medal''). [[Dies Martini Lutheri King Iunioris]] anno [[1986]] institutus est ut [[Dies festi foederales in Civitatibus Foederatis|dies festus foederalis Civitatum Foederatarum]]&lt;!--U.S. federal holiday--&gt;, qui omnibus in [[civitas|civitatibus]] anno [[2000]] primum celebratus est.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/us/martin-luther-king-day http://www.timeanddate.com/], retrieved 5 Augusti 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723055434/http://artandhistory.house.gov/house_history/goldMedal.aspx Congressional Gold Medal], retrieved 5 Augusti 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nndb.com/honors/482/000045347 Presidential Medal of Freedom], retrieved August 5, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--

==Prospectus monumenti==
Ritus monumenti prospectus confirmat:
&lt;blockquote&gt;Dr. King championed a movement that draws fully from the deep well of America's potential for freedom, opportunity, and justice. His vision of America is captured in his message of hope and possibility for a future anchored in dignity, sensitivity, and mutual respect; a message that challenges each of us to recognize that America's true strength lies in its diversity of talents. The vision of a memorial in honor of Martin Luther King, Jr. is one that captures the essence of his message, a message in which he so eloquently affirms the commanding tenants of the American Dream—Freedom, Democracy and Opportunity for All; a noble quest that gained him the Nobel Peace Prize and one that continues to influence people and societies throughout the world. Upon reflection, we are reminded that Dr. King's lifelong dedication to the idea of achieving human dignity through global relationships of well being has served to instill a broader and deeper sense of duty within each of us—a duty to be both responsible citizens and conscientious stewards of freedom and democracy.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mlkmemorial.org/site/c.hkIUL9MVJxE/b.1232927/k.9567/Mission__Vision.htm http://www.mlkmemorial.org/], retrieved 5 Augusti 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; --&gt;

== Historia propositi ==
[[Fasciculus:MLK Memorial from across the Tidal Basin.jpg|thumb|Conspectus monumenti]]
Monumentum est consequentia diuturni conatus ab [[Alpha Phi Alpha]] ad erigendum monumentum King dicatum.&lt;ref name=etalambda&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.etalambda.org/sitebody/mlk/index.htm |title=Martin Luther King, Jr. |publisher=Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Eta Lambda chapter |accessdate=2008-12-31}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt; King fuerat sodalis huius [[Fraternitates et sororitates|fraternitatis]], [[organizatio]]ni [[decennium 196|decennio 196]] initiatus, cum discipulus in [[Universitas Bostoniensis|Universitate Bostoniensi]] esset.&lt;ref name=hb1981&gt;{{cite book |last=Wesley |first=Charles H. |authorlink=Charles H. Wesley |title=The History of Alpha Phi Alpha, A Development in College Life | publisher=Foundation |location=Chicago, IL |pages=381–386 |year=1981 |edition=14th |id=ASIN: B000ESQ14W}}&lt;/ref&gt; Suis studiis academicis perfectis, King sodalis fraternitatis mansit, et principalem orationem&lt;!--keynote address--&gt; inter fraternitatis cenam quinquagensimum festum diem anniversarium celebrantem anno [[1956]] habuit.&lt;ref name=hb1981/&gt; &lt;!--In 1968, after [[Martin Luther King, Jr.#Assassination|King's assassination]], Alpha Phi Alpha proposed erecting a permanent memorial to King in Washington, D.C. The fraternity's efforts gained momentum in 1986, after King's birthday was designated a [[Martin Luther King, Jr. Day|national holiday]].&lt;ref name=blkcoll&gt;{{cite news |last=Gray |first=Butler T. |year=2006 |url=http://www.black-collegian.com/african/mlk/monument1299.shtml|title=National Mall Site Chosen for Memorial to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. |publisher=black-collegian.com |accessdate=2008-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;

== Locus et structura ==
[[Fasciculus:MLK Memorial map.jpeg|thumb|Situs monumenti Vasingtoniae]]
Viarius monumenti locus est &quot;1964 Xysti Libertatis,&lt;!--Independence Avenue--&gt; meridio-occidentalis, Vashingtoniae, DC,&quot; anno [[1964]] ut recta citatio [[Actus Iurum Civilium 1964]] selecto, gravissimum per [[Motus iurum civilium Afroamericanus (1954-68)|motum iurum civilium]] sciscens, in quo King magnas partes egit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120804122417/http://www.mlkmemorial.org/site/c.hkIUL9MVJxE/b.7548975/k.9356/Site_Location.htm Memorial site, from memorial website].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--
&lt;small&gt;From &quot;I have a dream&quot; speech,&lt;br&gt; August 28, 1963, Washington, D.C.&lt;br&gt;
For video, click [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PbUtL_0vAJk here]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|
|}--&gt;
Media monumenti pars est locus ex oratione &quot;[[I have a dream]]&quot;: ''Ex [[mons|monte]] desperationis, [[lapis]] spei.''&lt;ref name=&quot;tears&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904030808/http://suitland.wusa9.com/news/news/tears-fall-martin-luther-king-jr-memorial/59395 suitland.wusa9.com], retrieved August 5, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Statua ipsius, triginta pedes alta, nomine &quot;Lapide Spei,&quot; prope duo alios [[granites|granitis]] lapides stat, qui &quot;Montem Desperationis&quot; exprimunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;tears&quot;/&gt; Spectatores Montem Desperationis ad verbum transgrediebuntur ut Lapidem Spei attingant, &quot;se per certamen moventes sicut Doctor King vivus.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;designelements&quot;&gt;[http://www.mlkmemorial.org/site/c.hkIUL9MVJxE/b.7548977/k.8C6B/Design_Elements.htm Design elements section of memorial website], retrieved August 5, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;

Hoc monumentum non est primum in [[caput (urbs)|capite]] civitatis quod Africano-Americanum celebrat, propter monumentum iam exstat pro [[Maria McLeod Bethune]], conditrice [[Concilium Nationale Mulierum Nigricolorum|Concilii Nationalis Mulierum Nigricolorum]], quae haud sollemni more fuit consiliaria Praesidis [[Franklinius Delano Roosevelt|Franklinii D. Roosevelt]].&lt;ref name=&quot;fodors&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110705102649/http://www.fodors.com/world/north-america/usa/district-of-columbia/washington-dc/review-469766.html http://www.fodors.com/], retrieved 9 Augusti 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Sua statua, septendecim pedes alta, in [[Hortus Lincolnianus (Vasingtonia)|Horto Lincolniano]], viis Capitolii Orientalis et duodecimo boreo-orientali, stat.&lt;ref name=&quot;fodors&quot;/&gt; Monumentum autem King est primum monumentum Africano-Americano dicaturum in vel prope Campum Nationalem.&lt;ref name=&quot;fodors&quot;/&gt;

== Dedicatio ==
Monumentum pro spectatoribus die [[22 Augusti]] [[2011]] aperuit (''lenis dedicatio'' appellabatur).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110521011958/http://www.dedicatethedream.org/site/c.4nJHJQPoEiKWE/b.6714965/k.B94A/Week_of_Dedication.htm Week of Dedication], retrieved 10 Augusti 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Rita autem dedicatio fieri intendebatur hora 11 a.m. diei [[28 Augusti]] [[2011]], post concentum hora 10 habitum, et alter concentus hora 2 p.m. fieri, sed dies ob accessum [[typhon marinus|Huracani]] [[Huracanum Irena (2011)|Irenae]] prolatus est.

Monumentum die [[16 Octobris]] [[2011]] rite dedicatum est, Praeside [[Baracus Obama|Baraco Obama]], Vice Praesidente [[Iosephus Biden|Iosepho Biden]] praesentibus. Obama et alii reipublicae lumina memoria dignas habuerunt [[oratio]]nes. [[Aretha Franklin]] [[Stephanus Wonder|Stevieque Wonder]] [[carmen|carmina]] cecinerunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;ded&quot;&gt;[http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obama-to-speak-at-king-memorial-dedication-in-dc/2011/08/04/gIQAjDv8uI_story.html http://www.washingtonpost.com/], retrieved Aug 5, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Sollemnia multas alias personas comprehenderunt, praecipue propinquos familiae King; [[Ioannes Lewis (politicus)|Ioannem Lewis]], [[Iesse Jackson]], et [[Andreas Young|Andrean Young]], duces motus iurum civilium; [[Iacobus Foxx|Iacobum Foxx]], [[histrio]]nem; et [[Georgius Lucas|Georgium Lucas]], [[pellicula]]rum factorem.&lt;ref name=&quot;ded&quot;/&gt;

== Sculptor et delectus lapis ==
[[Fasciculus:Lei_Yixin_signature.JPG|thumb|Nomen subscriptum [[Lei Yixin]]]]
[[Lei Yixin]], artifex ex [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Re Publica Popularis Sinarum]], mediam monumenti partem sculpsit, statua King&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://www.mlkmemorial.org/site/apps/nl/content2.asp?c=hkIUL9MVJxE&amp;b=1601411&amp;ct=3573181
|title=Chinese master sculptor to produce MLK memorial carving
|publisher=CNN
|date=2007-02-15
|archiveurl=http://archive.is/BEoS|archivedate=2012-09-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; et Lapide Spei non exclusis.&lt;!-- The commission was criticized by human rights activist [[Harry Wu]] on the grounds that Lei had sculpted [[Mao Zedong]]. It also stirred accusations that it was based on financial considerations, because the Chinese government would make a $25 million donation to help meet the projected shortfall in donations. The president of the memorial's foundation, [[Harry E. Johnson]], who first met Lei in a sculpting workshop in [[Saint Paul, Minnesota]], stated that the final selection was done by a mostly African American design team and was based solely on artistic ability.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news
|title=A King Statue 'Made in China'?
|publisher=[[The Washington Post]]
|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/14/AR2007081401691.html
|date=2007-08-14
|first=Ariana Eunjung
|last=Cha
|work=Arts &amp; Living
}}&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;

{{NexInt}}
* [[Situs Historicus Nationalis Martin Luther King Iunioris]]

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120613155100/http://peace.maripo.com/p_mlk.htm Index monumentorum Martino Luthero King Iuniori dicatorum]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927234050/http://www.mlkmemorial.org/site/c.hkIUL9MVJxE/b.1234953/k.964D/Current_Events.htm National Memorial Current Events]
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-555088087193585578 Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial Virtual Tour]
* [http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=104_cong_public_laws&amp;docid=f:publ333.104 Public Law 104-333] Congressional authorization for national memorial to Martin Luther King, Jr.
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/video/2010/06/04/VI2010060404057.html &quot;Shipping problems delay King memorial on national Mall&quot;], video by ''[[The Washington Post]]''
* [http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/291392-3 Video C-Span die 18 Ianuarii 2008]
* [http://www.mlkmemorial.org Washington, D.C. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial,] situs publicus apud www.mlkmemorial.org

&lt;!--National Mall--&gt;
&lt;!--but the word &quot;national&quot; might have been important because these have nationwide significance and therefore differ from plain old memorials--&gt;
&lt;!--

[[Category:Memorials to Martin Luther King, Jr.|National Memorial]]
[[Category:United States National Park Service areas in Washington, D.C.]]--&gt;

[[Categoria:Confecta 2011]]
[[Categoria:Monumenta Civitatum Foederatarum]]
[[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Pacis]]
[[Categoria:Vasingtonia (D.C.)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Miliarium (Italia)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148996</id>
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      <text bytes="1855" sha1="ms8nwus3zz2vsqzb1i44y20ppyujb4v" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Miliarium'''&lt;ref&gt;Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini&lt;/ref&gt; {{victio|Miliarium|ii|n}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Migliaro|Migliaro]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Vicus Italiae|fractio]] [[Commune Italiae|municipii]] [[Fiscalia]]e. Incolae ''Miliarenses'' appellantur.

== Historia ==
Miliarium fuit [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, circiter 2&amp;thinsp;250 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Aemilia-Romania]] et in [[Provincia Ferrariensis|Provincia Ferrariensi]] situm. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2014]] coniunxit se cum [[Massa Fiscalia]] ac cum [[Miliarinium|Miliarinio]], ut constituiret [[Municipia iuncta Italiae|municipium novum]] [[Fiscalia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tuttitalia.it/variazioni-amministrative/nuovi-comuni-2014/ Communia nova Italiae condita anno[[2014]]: tuttitalia.it. URL consultato il 18 dicembre 2013.]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Insigne ==

== Municipia finitima ==
* [[Massa Fiscalia]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Massa Fiscaglia|Massa Fiscaglia]]''),
* [[Miliarinium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Migliarino|Migliarino]]''),
* [[Ustullatum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ostellato|Ostellato]]'').

{{NexInt}}
* [[Aemilia-Romania]],
* [[Provincia Ferrariensis]],
* [[Ferraria (Italia)|Ferraria]] (''urbs''),
* [[Fiscalia]] (''municipium'').

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070815234451/http://www.comune.migliaro.fe.it/ Situs publicus]
{{CommuniaCat|Migliaro|Miliarium}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imago:Map_of_comune_of_Migliaro_(province_of_Ferrara,_region_Emilia-Romagna,_Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii Miliarii in Provincia Ferrariensi.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Fractiones in Provincia Ferrariensi]]
[[Categoria:Vici in municipio Fiscaliae]]
[[Categoria:Municipia abrogata Italiae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Miliarinium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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'''Miliarinium'''&lt;ref&gt;Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini&lt;/ref&gt; {{victio|Miliarinium|ii|n}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Migliarino|Migliarino]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Vicus Italiae|fractio]] [[Commune Italiae|municipii]] [[Fiscalia]]e. Incolae ''Miliarinenses'' appellantur.

== Historia ==
Miliarinium fuit [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, circiter 3&amp;thinsp;750 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Aemilia-Romania]] et in [[Provincia Ferrariensis|Provincia Ferrariensi]] situm. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2014]] coniunxit se cum [[Massa Fiscalia]] ac cum [[Miliarium (Italia)|Miliario]], ut constituiret [[Municipia iuncta Italiae|municipium novum]] [[Fiscalia]]e&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tuttitalia.it/variazioni-amministrative/nuovi-comuni-2014/ Communia nova Italiae condita anno[[2014]]: tuttitalia.it. URL consultato il 18 dicembre 2013.]&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Insigne ==

== Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio abrogato ==
=== Fractiones ===
* Cornacervina,
* Valcesura,
* Gallumara.

== Municipia finitima ==
* [[Caput Gauri]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Codigoro|Codigoro]]''),
* [[Iolanda de Sabaudia]] (olim [[Venetiae (Ferraria)]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Jolanda di Savoia (Italia)|Jolanda di Savoia]]''),
* [[Massa Fiscalia]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Massa Fiscaglia|Massa Fiscaglia]]''),
* [[Miliarium (Italia)|Miliarium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Migliaro|Migliaro]]''),
* [[Ustullatum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ostellato|Ostellato]]''),
* [[Transegallium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Tresigallo|Tresigallo]]'').

{{NexInt}}
* [[Aemilia-Romania]],
* [[Provincia Ferrariensis]],
* [[Ferraria (Italia)|Ferraria]] (''urbs''),
* [[Fiscalia]] (''municipium'').

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070815234451/http://www.comune.migliaro.fe.it/ Situs publicus]
{{CommuniaCat|Migliarino|Miliarinium}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imago:Map_of_comune_of_Migliarino_(province_of_Ferrara,_region_Emilia-Romagna,_Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii Miliarinii in Provincia Ferrariensi.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Fractiones in Provincia Ferrariensi]]
[[Categoria:Vici in municipio Fiscaliae]]
[[Categoria:Municipia abrogata Italiae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Saint-Symphorien (Sartha)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>149105</id>
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      <text bytes="744" sha1="rgv3rxcyd7tjlk3vhuxj8ra5vkqop1z" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Saint-Symphorien 72 - Église 01.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Saint-Symphorien: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Symphorianus|Sancto Symphoriano]] dicata.]]
{{res|Saint-Symphorien}} est [[commune]] 509 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Sartha (praefectura Franciae)|Sarthae]] in [[Francia]]e occidentalis regione [[Pagi Ligeris (regio Franciae)|Pagis Ligeris]].

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Sarthae]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Saint-Symphorien (Sarthe)|Saint-Symphorien}}
{{INSEE commune|72321|de=Saint-Symphorien}}

{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Sarthae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Sarthae]]</text>
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      <text bytes="1112" sha1="8gg7lo1rqpwxz5ibpqb6u8ozhbugywq" xml:space="preserve">{{Videhom|Monemutensis comitatus historicus}}
[[Fasciculus:Wales Monmouthshire locator map.svg|thumb|Collocatio regionis principalis Monemutensis]]
Regio '''Monemutensis''' ([[Cambrice]] ''Sir Fynwy''; [[Anglice]] ''Monmouthshire'') est [[regio principalis (Cambria)|regio principalis]] [[Cambria]]e ([[Britanniarum Regnum|Regni Britanniarum]] nationis). Nomen trahit e comitatu [[Monemutensis comitatus|Monemutensi]], diu inter [[Anglia]]m et Cambriam sine bello controversa. Regio hodierna partes fere 60% comitatús antiqui occupat praesertim rurales, capite gubernii [[Monemuta]], urbe omnium maxima (modesta autem) [[Gobannium|Gobannio]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20090130115735/http://www.monmouthshire.gov.uk/site/index.php Situs officilialis concilii Monemutensis]
* ''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/sites/monmouthshire/ BBC Wales]'' (de regione Monemutensi) 

{{coord|51|47|06|N|2|52|21|W|region:GB-MON_type:adm2nd_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}}

{{Opus Monemutense}}

[[Categoria:Monemutensis|!]]
[[Categoria:Monemuta]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1996]]</text>
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    <title>Mons marinus</title>
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      <text bytes="9004" sha1="ha9la2f87cteb9l17e5nc8pvqmsw3ob" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Bubblegum coral on davidson.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Piscis]] ''[[Coryphaenoides]] sp.'' et [[curalium]] ''[[Paragorgia arborea]]'' in cacumine [[Mons Marinus Davidson|Montis Marini Davidson]] [[habitatio|habitant]]. Haec sunt duae [[species (taxinomia)|species]] ad montes marinos attractae; ''Paragorgia arborea'' praesertim in regione proxima crescit, sed non tam abundanter.&lt;ref name=&quot;physorg.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.physorg.com/news153594680.html|title=Seamounts may serve as refuges for deep-sea animals that struggle to survive elsewhere|publisher=[[PhysOrg]]|date=11 Februarii 2009|accessdate=December 7, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

'''Mons marinus''' est [[mons]] qui ex [[fundus abyssi|fundo abyssi]] [[oceanus|oceani]] elevatur sed [[superficies|superficiem]] [[aqua]]e ([[maris aequor]]) non attingit, et ergo non est [[insula]]. Montes marini plerumque ex [[mons ignifer|montibus igniferis exstinctis]] nascuntur, qui abrupte surgunt et usitate ex fundo abyssi a 1000 ad 4000 [[metrum|metrorum]] alto stant. [[Oceanographia|Oceanographi]] montes marinos definiunt proprietates liberas quae saltem usque ad 1000 metra super fundum abyssi attingunt. Cacumina saepe inveniuntur centies vel milies metrorum sub superficie, et ergo aestimantur intra [[mare profundum]].&lt;ref&gt;James W. Nybakken et Mark D. Bertness, ''Marine Biology: An Ecological Approach,'' ed. 6a. (Franciscopoli: Benjamin Cummings, 2008).&lt;/ref&gt; Sunt circa 100&amp;thinsp;000 montium marinorum in orbe terrarum, paucis iam investigatis. Montibus marinis sunt variissimae formae et [[magnitudo|magnitudines]]; distinctumque exemplar auctus, [[vita]]e, et [[mors|mortis]] monstrant. Anni recentioribus, nonnulli montes marini vivi observati sunt; exempli gratia [[Loihi]] in [[Insulae Havaianae|Insulis Havaianis]].

Montes marini, ob eorum abundantiam, sunt unum ex numerosissimis orbis terrarum [[oecosystema oceanicum|oecosystematibus oceanicis]]. Interactiones inter montes marinos et [[flumen oceanicum|flumina submarina]], atque eorum elevatus in [[aqua]] locus, eodem modo attrahuntur [[plancton]], [[curalium|curalia]], [[piscis|pisces]], et [[mammale marinum|mammalia marina]]. Observatur eorum effectus aggregationalis{{dubsig}} ab [[piscatus commercii|industria piscatus commercii]], et multi montes marini magna cetaria sustinent. Malos oecosystematibus montium marinorum ponderant homines piscatus effectus, cum bene notis deminutionis horum [[animal]]ium exemplis, sicut deminutio ''[[Hoplostethus atlanticus|Hoplostethi atlantici]].'' Fere 95 centesimae detrimenti [[oecologia|oecologici]] a ratione ''[[bottom trawling]]''{{dubsig}} Anglice appellata efficiuntur, quod ad verbum tota oecosystemata ex montibus marinis radet.

Multi montes marini, ob eorum numeros magnos, non iam investigati, vel adeo tabulis descripti sunt. [[Bathymetria]] et [[altimetria|altimetria ex satellite]] sunt duae [[technologiae]] quae una adiuvant ut [[Scientia (ratio)|scientia]] amplificetur. [[Navis|Naves]] cum montibus marinis non iam descriptis conflixerunt; exempli gratia, [[Mons Marinus Muirfield]] ex navi quae cum eo conflexit anno [[1973]] appellatur. Maxima autem pericula montium marinorum sunt conlapsiones{{dubsig}} laterum&lt;!--flank collapses--&gt;; dum montes marini senescunt, [[extrusio]]nes penetrantes latera imprimunt, terrae lapsus efficientes qui magna [[tsunami]] generare possunt.

&lt;center&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Seamount Locations.png|center|thumb|600px|Tabula nonnullorum orbis terrarum maiorum montium marinorum.]]
&lt;/center&gt;
[[Fasciculus:Submarine Eruption-numbers.svg|thumb|Diagramma eruptionis submarinae. 1, [[vapor|nubes vaporis aquae]]. 2, [[aqua]]. 3, [[stratum]]. 4, [[lava|fluxus lavae]]. 5, [[canalis magmae]]. 6, [[camera magmae]]. 7, [[moles (geologia)|moles]].&lt;!--dike--&gt; 8, [[lava pulvinosa]]. [[:Fasciculus:Submarine Eruption-numbers.svg|Click ad amplificandum]].]]

== Piscatus ==
Paene octoginta [[species (taxinomia)|species]] [[piscis|piscium]] et concharum&lt;!--shellfish--&gt; pro [[commercium|commercio]] ex montibus marinis capiuntur, inter quas insigniter [[decapoda]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Palinuridae|Palinuridarum]], pisces Anglice ''mackerel'' appellati (plerumque familiae [[Scombridae|Scombridarum]]), ''[[Paralithodes camtschaticus]], [[Lutjanus campechanus]], [[Thunnus]], [[Hoplostethus atlanticus]],'' et ''[[Perca]]'' (familiae [[Percidae|Percidarum]]).&lt;ref name=&quot;EoE-seamount&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Seamount|url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Seamount|work=''Encyclopedia of Earth''|accessdate=24 Iulii 2010|date=9 Decembris 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Fasciculus:Orange roughy.png|thumb|Numeri ''[[Hoplostethus atlanticus|Hoplostethorum atlanticorum]],'' ob nimium piscatum ad montes marinos ubi ei [[ovum|ova]] gignunt, magnopere deminuebant; periti dicunt perfectam speciei refectionem decennia requirere.&lt;ref name=&quot;ices&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Seamounts – hotspots of marine life|url=http://www.ices.dk/marineworld/seamounts.asp|publisher=International Council for the Exploration of the Sea|accessdate=24 Iulii 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413164705/http://www.ices.dk/marineworld/seamounts.asp|archivedate=13 Aprilis 2010|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
[[Fasciculus:Koral1.jpg|thumb|[[Inaures]] [[curalii]] huius generis saepe ex curalio in montibus marinis capto efficiuntur.]]

{{NexInt}}
*[[Bathymetria]]
*[[Eruptio submarina]]&lt;!-- +
* [[Asphalt volcano]]
* [[Dry topographic prominence]]
* [[Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes]]
* [[Marine Protected Area]]
* [[Mud volcano]]
* [[List of submarine volcanoes]] --&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
;Geologia
* Keating, B. H., P. Fryer, R. Batiza, et G. W. Boehlert, eds. [[1987]]. [http://books.google.com/books?id=u-NMJaicckMC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=Seamounts,+islands+and+atolls&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=vyTWXdEw4W&amp;sig=Y4f3Y7LDDMJ-3PlcDi0uBI1T39w&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=YgtNTNyaJoG88gb6tvg1&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=3&amp;ved=0CB0Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false Seamounts, islands and atolls.]{{Nexus deficitur|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Geophys. Monogr.'' 43:319–334.
* Menard, H. W. [[1964]]. [http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1964Sci...146..513M ''Marine Geology of the Pacific.''] International Series in the Earth Sciences. Novi Eboraci: McGraw-Hill.

;Oecologia
* {{cite journal|last1=De Forges|first1=B. R.|coauthors=Richer de Forges, J. Anthony Koslow, et G. C. B. Poore|title =Diversity and endemism of the benthic seamount fauna in the southwest Pacific|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v405/n6789/full/405944a0.html|journal=Nature|volume=405|issue=6789|pages=944–947|publisher=Nature Publishing Group| location=|date=22 June 2000|doi=10.1038/35016066|pmid =10879534}}
* Koslow, J. A. [[1997]]. [http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/deep_sea/seamounts/ Seamounts and the ecology of deep-sea fisheries.] ''Am. Sci.'' 85:168–176.
* Lundsten L., C. R. McClain, J. P. Barry, G. M. Cailliet, D. A. Clague, et A. P. DeVogelaere. [[2009]]. [http://www.int-res.com/abstracts/meps/v389/p223-232/ Ichthyofauna on Three Seamounts off Southern and Central California, USA.] ''Marine Ecology Progress Series'' 389:223–232.
* Pitcher, T. J., T. Morato, P. J. B. Hart, M. R. Clark, N. Haggan, et R. S. Santos, eds. [[2007]]. [http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-1405133430.html ''Seamounts: Ecology, Fisheries and Conservation.''] Fish and Aquatic Resources, 12. Oxoniae: Blackwell ISBN 978-1-4051-3343-2.

== Nexus externi ==
;Geographia et geologia
* [http://earthref.org/databases/SC/ &quot;Earthref Seamount Catalogue,&quot;] apud earthref.org
* [http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02alaska/background/geology/geology.html &quot;Volcanic History of Seamounts in the Gulf of Alaska,&quot;] apud oceanexplorer.noaa.gov
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100716025516/http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2001/2001JB900004.shtml &quot;The giant Ruatoria debris avalanche on the northern Hikurangi margin, New Zealand,&quot;] apud www.agu.org
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120208161942/http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/1995/95_09_08.html &quot;Evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes,&quot;] apud hvo.wr.usgs.gov
* [http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/how_volcanoes_work/lava_water.html &quot;How Volcanoes Work: Lava and Water,&quot;] apud www.geology.sdsu.edu

;Oecologia*[http://swfsc.noaa.gov/publications/CR/1987/8709.PDF &quot;A review of the effects of seamounts on biological processes,&quot;] apud swfsc.noaa.gov
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100604013937/http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/23_1.html &quot;Mountains in the Sea,&quot;] apud www.tos.org
* [http://seamounts.sdsc.edu Situs publicus,] apud seamounts.sdsc.edu
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070627233726/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources/publications/UNEP_WCMC_bio_series/25.htm &quot;Vulnerability of deep sea corals to fishing on seamounts beyond areas of national jurisdiction,&quot;] apud www.unep-wsmc.org (United Nations Environment Program)

[[Categoria:Montes|+]]
[[Categoria:Oceanographia physica]]
[[Categoria:Piscatus]]

{{Myrias|Physica}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mespiletum (Meduana)</title>
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      <text bytes="1488" sha1="199byt7d1ktx7ce7akg6kd1pcwnojq1" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}'''Mespiletum'''&lt;ref&gt;Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est. Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]] ''Meslay-du-Maine'') est commune 2862 incolarum&lt;ref&gt;Secundum [https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/6676182?geo=COM-53152 censum anno 2020 factum]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Meduana (praefectura Franciae)|Meduanae]] in [[Francia]]e regione [[Pagi Ligeris (regio Franciae)|Pagis Ligeris]].

== Toponymia ==
Nomen inditum a mespilis arboribus, quae in oppido nascuntur.

=== Alia nomina ===
''Melleio&lt;ref&gt;Stephanus Gendron, ''Les noms des lieux en France, essai de toponymie'', anno 2003, paginam 216.&lt;/ref&gt;'' (saeculo XII)''; Mellay'' (annis 1252, 1452 et 1692); ''Meslay-du-Maine'' (anno 1840)&lt;ref&gt;[https://meslay-du-maine.fr/ma-ville/bienvenue-a-meslay/#page__elementid__1 Situs interretialis Mespileti proprius]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Coniunctiones communium ==
* [[Remseckium]] in {{GermaniaVex}} ex anno 1974

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Meduanae]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Meslay-du-Maine|Mespiletum}}
* {{INSEE commune|53152|de=Meslay-du-Maine}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121105075642/http://www.ville-meslaydumaine.fr/ Mespiletum pagina interretialis]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Meduanae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Meduanae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Vettius Agorius Praetextatus</title>
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'''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus.

Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] Religionem colentibus Romanam, quae est conatus a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus.

== Qui scripserint de vita eius ==

Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scriptos [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta.

[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; a quorum lectura, intellegitur alterum usum alterum multum familiariter fuisse. Censebat, praeterea, [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum quidam magna virtute praeditum. 

[[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|&quot;Rerum Gestarum&quot;]];&lt;ref&gt;[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.&lt;/ref&gt; aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent.

Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIL61779&quot;&gt;{{CIL|06|01779}}&lt;/ref&gt; aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa.
[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis&lt;ref&gt; [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.&lt;/ref&gt; atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in comitibus Praetextati a morte eius allata, ut Hieronymus statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.&lt;ref&gt;[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, ubi iam eius imaginem perfectam effictam erat. 

[[Zosimus]], rerum scriptor in [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] victus, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris &quot;Historiae novae&quot; sua fuisse cultuum gentilorum,&lt;ref&gt;[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''Historia nova'', IV 3 3.&lt;/ref&gt; contra, Iohannes Lidus (victus [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus &lt;ref name=&quot;giovannilido&quot;&gt;[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.&lt;/ref&gt; (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non).

== Vita ==

=== Origines ===

Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CIL61779&quot; /&gt; Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duceret, quod erat mos optimatum Romanorum illo tempore, eius natio possit annis inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.&lt;ref name=&quot;kahlos12&quot;&gt;Kahlos, caput 1.2.&lt;/ref&gt; Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lido, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;&lt;ref name=&quot;giovannilido&quot; /&gt; licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|06|01778}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIL61779&quot; /&gt; quamquam hoc non certum est.

Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|10|05061}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kahlos12&quot; /&gt; gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.&lt;ref&gt;PLRE I, &quot;Vettius Rufinus 24&quot;, pp. 781-782.&lt;/ref&gt;

Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque suus [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.&lt;ref name=&quot;kahlos12&quot; /&gt; Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIL61779&quot; /&gt; Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].&lt;ref&gt;PLRE I, Catullinus 3, pp. 187-188.&lt;/ref&gt; Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|06|01777}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.&lt;ref&gt;[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.&lt;ref name=&quot;kahlos12&quot;/&gt;

=== Cursus honorum et sacerdotia ===

Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius.

Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].&lt;ref&gt;Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.&lt;/ref&gt; fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,&lt;ref&gt;Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).&lt;/ref&gt; etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est.

Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e&lt;ref&gt;''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.&lt;/ref&gt; et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],&lt;ref&gt;[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.&lt;/ref&gt; rursusque conciliavit pacem,&lt;ref&gt;''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.&lt;/ref&gt; tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.&lt;ref&gt;''Collectio Avellana'', 5.&lt;/ref&gt; Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.&lt;ref&gt;[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.&lt;/ref&gt; Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]].

Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.&lt;ref&gt;[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.&lt;/ref&gt; cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.&lt;ref&gt;[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Favor gentilium Romanorum ===
[[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]]

Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.&lt;ref&gt;[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).&lt;/ref&gt; Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;&lt;ref&gt;Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.&lt;/ref&gt; quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,&lt;ref&gt;[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.&lt;/ref&gt; et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.&lt;ref&gt;Kahlos, &quot;Restauratio...&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.&lt;ref&gt;[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.&lt;/ref&gt; Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.&lt;ref name=&quot;lanciani&quot;&gt;Lanciani.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.&lt;ref&gt;Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.&lt;/ref&gt; Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».&lt;ref&gt;[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.&lt;/ref&gt;

Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortibus dictis Vettianis,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]&lt;/ref&gt; quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.&lt;ref name=&quot;lanciani&quot; /&gt;

== Litterae ==

Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit.

Praetextatus quoque primas partes in libro [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] [[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]] agit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
;Fontes
* ''[[Collectio Avellana]]''
* [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]''
* [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus''
* [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]''
* [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]''
;Fontes secundae
* Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton &amp; Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius]
* Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html &quot;Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus&quot;], ''Lacus Curtius''
* {{PLRE}} vol. 1
* Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26).
* Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]]
* [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]]

== Ligamina externa ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, &quot;Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati&quot;]
* [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}}
[[Categoria:Romani antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 384]]</text>
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'''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus.

Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] Religionem colentibus Romanam, quae est conatus a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus.

== Qui scripserint de vita eius ==

Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scriptos [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta.

[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; a quorum lectura, intellegitur alterum usum alterum multum familiariter fuisse. Censebat, praeterea, [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum quidam magna virtute praeditum. 

[[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|&quot;Rerum Gestarum&quot;]];&lt;ref&gt;[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.&lt;/ref&gt; aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent.

Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIL61779&quot;&gt;{{CIL|06|01779}}&lt;/ref&gt; aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa.
[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis&lt;ref&gt; [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.&lt;/ref&gt; atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in comitibus Praetextati a morte eius allata, ut Hieronymus statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.&lt;ref&gt;[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, ubi iam eius imaginem perfectam effictam erat. 

[[Zosimus]], rerum scriptor in [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] victus, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris &quot;Historiae novae&quot; sua fuisse cultuum gentilorum,&lt;ref&gt;[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''Historia nova'', IV 3 3.&lt;/ref&gt; contra, Iohannes Lidus (victus [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus &lt;ref name=&quot;giovannilido&quot;&gt;[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.&lt;/ref&gt; (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non).

== Vita ==

=== Origines ===

Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CIL61779&quot; /&gt; Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duceret, quod erat mos optimatum Romanorum illo tempore, eius natio possit annis inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.&lt;ref name=&quot;kahlos12&quot;&gt;Kahlos, caput 1.2.&lt;/ref&gt; Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lido, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;&lt;ref name=&quot;giovannilido&quot; /&gt; licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|06|01778}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIL61779&quot; /&gt; quamquam hoc non certum est.

Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|10|05061}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kahlos12&quot; /&gt; gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.&lt;ref&gt;PLRE I, &quot;Vettius Rufinus 24&quot;, pp. 781-782.&lt;/ref&gt;

Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque suus [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.&lt;ref name=&quot;kahlos12&quot; /&gt; Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIL61779&quot; /&gt; Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].&lt;ref&gt;PLRE I, Catullinus 3, pp. 187-188.&lt;/ref&gt; Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|06|01777}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.&lt;ref&gt;[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.&lt;ref name=&quot;kahlos12&quot;/&gt;

=== Cursus honorum et sacerdotia ===

Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius.

Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].&lt;ref&gt;Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.&lt;/ref&gt; fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,&lt;ref&gt;Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).&lt;/ref&gt; etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est.

Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e&lt;ref&gt;''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.&lt;/ref&gt; et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],&lt;ref&gt;[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.&lt;/ref&gt; rursusque conciliavit pacem,&lt;ref&gt;''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.&lt;/ref&gt; tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.&lt;ref&gt;''Collectio Avellana'', 5.&lt;/ref&gt; Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.&lt;ref&gt;[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.&lt;/ref&gt; Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]].

Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.&lt;ref&gt;[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.&lt;/ref&gt; cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.&lt;ref&gt;[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Favor gentilium Romanorum ===
[[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]]

Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.&lt;ref&gt;[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).&lt;/ref&gt; Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;&lt;ref&gt;Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.&lt;/ref&gt; quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,&lt;ref&gt;[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.&lt;/ref&gt; et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.&lt;ref&gt;Kahlos, &quot;Restauratio...&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.&lt;ref&gt;[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.&lt;/ref&gt; Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.&lt;ref name=&quot;lanciani&quot;&gt;Lanciani.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.&lt;ref&gt;Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.&lt;/ref&gt; Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».&lt;ref&gt;[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.&lt;/ref&gt;

Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortibus dictis Vettianis,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]&lt;/ref&gt; quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.&lt;ref name=&quot;lanciani&quot; /&gt;

== Litterae ==

Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit.

Praetextatus quoque primas partes in libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' agit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
;Fontes
* ''[[Collectio Avellana]]''
* [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]''
* [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus''
* [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]''
* [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]''
;Fontes secundae
* Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton &amp; Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius]
* Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html &quot;Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus&quot;], ''Lacus Curtius''
* {{PLRE}} vol. 1
* Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26).
* Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]]
* [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]]

== Ligamina externa ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, &quot;Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati&quot;]
* [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}}
[[Categoria:Romani antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 384]]</text>
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'''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus.

Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] Religionem colentibus Romanam, quae est conatus a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus.

== Qui scripserint de vita eius ==

Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scriptos [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta.

[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; a quorum lectura, intellegitur alterum usum alterum multum familiariter fuisse. Censebat, praeterea, [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum quidam magna virtute praeditum. 

[[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|&quot;Rerum Gestarum&quot;]];&lt;ref&gt;[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.&lt;/ref&gt; aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent.

Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIL61779&quot;&gt;{{CIL|06|01779}}&lt;/ref&gt; aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa.
[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis&lt;ref&gt; [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.&lt;/ref&gt; atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in comitibus Praetextati a morte eius allata, ut Hieronymus statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.&lt;ref&gt;[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, ubi iam eius imaginem perfectam effictam erat. 

[[Zosimus]], rerum scriptor in [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] victus, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris &quot;Historiae novae&quot; sua fuisse cultuum gentilorum,&lt;ref&gt;[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''Historia nova'', IV 3 3.&lt;/ref&gt; contra, Iohannes Lidus (victus [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus &lt;ref name=&quot;giovannilido&quot;&gt;[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.&lt;/ref&gt; (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non).

== Vita ==

=== Origines ===

Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CIL61779&quot; /&gt; Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duceret, quod erat mos optimatum Romanorum illo tempore, eius natio possit annis inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.&lt;ref name=&quot;kahlos12&quot;&gt;Kahlos, caput 1.2.&lt;/ref&gt; Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lido, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;&lt;ref name=&quot;giovannilido&quot; /&gt; licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|06|01778}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIL61779&quot; /&gt; quamquam hoc non certum est.

Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|10|05061}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;kahlos12&quot; /&gt; gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.&lt;ref&gt;PLRE I, &quot;Vettius Rufinus 24&quot;, pp. 781-782.&lt;/ref&gt;

Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque suus [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.&lt;ref name=&quot;kahlos12&quot; /&gt; Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;&lt;ref name=&quot;CIL61779&quot; /&gt; Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].&lt;ref&gt;PLRE I, Catullinus 3, pp. 187-188.&lt;/ref&gt; Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].&lt;ref&gt;{{CIL|06|01777}}&lt;/ref&gt; Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.&lt;ref&gt;[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.&lt;ref name=&quot;kahlos12&quot;/&gt;

=== Cursus honorum et sacerdotia ===

Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius.

Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].&lt;ref&gt;Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.&lt;/ref&gt; fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,&lt;ref&gt;Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).&lt;/ref&gt; etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est.

Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e&lt;ref&gt;''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.&lt;/ref&gt; et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],&lt;ref&gt;[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.&lt;/ref&gt; rursusque conciliavit pacem,&lt;ref&gt;''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.&lt;/ref&gt; tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.&lt;ref&gt;''Collectio Avellana'', 5.&lt;/ref&gt; Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.&lt;ref&gt;[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.&lt;/ref&gt; Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]].

Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.&lt;ref&gt;[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.&lt;/ref&gt; cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.&lt;ref&gt;[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Favor gentilium Romanorum ===
[[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]]

Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.&lt;ref&gt;[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).&lt;/ref&gt; Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;&lt;ref&gt;Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.&lt;/ref&gt; quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,&lt;ref&gt;[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.&lt;/ref&gt; et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.&lt;ref&gt;Kahlos, &quot;Restauratio...&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.&lt;ref&gt;[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.&lt;/ref&gt; Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.&lt;ref name=&quot;lanciani&quot;&gt;Lanciani.&lt;/ref&gt;

Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.&lt;ref&gt;Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.&lt;/ref&gt; Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».&lt;ref&gt;[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.&lt;/ref&gt;

Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]&lt;/ref&gt; quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.&lt;ref name=&quot;lanciani&quot; /&gt;

== Litterae ==

Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit.

Praetextatus quoque primas partes in libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' agit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
;Fontes
* ''[[Collectio Avellana]]''
* [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]''
* [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus''
* [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]''
* [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]''
;Fontes secundae
* Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton &amp; Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius]
* Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html &quot;Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus&quot;], ''Lacus Curtius''
* {{PLRE}} vol. 1
* Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26).
* Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]]
* [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]]

== Ligamina externa ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, &quot;Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati&quot;]
* [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}}
[[Categoria:Romani antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]]
[[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]]
[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 384]]</text>
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    <title>Alta Villa (discretiva)</title>
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'''Alta Villa''' seu  '''Altavilla''' potest:

* '''[[Alta Villa (Pedemontium)]]''' (seu '''[[Altavilla (Pedemontium)]]''', '''[[Alta Villa Monferratentium]]'''): [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Alta Villa (Provincia Abellinas)]]'''  (alia nomina: '''[[Altavilla (Abellinum)]]''', '''[[Altavilla Hirpina]]'''): [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Alta Villa (Provincia Salernitana)]]''': [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Alta Villa (Sicilia)]]'''  (alia nomina: '''[[Altavilla-Milicia]]'''): [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Alta Villa (Venetia)]]''' (seu '''[[Altavilla (Venetia)]]''', '''[[Alta Villa Vicetiensium)]]'''): [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e.
* '''[[Altavilla Anniciensium]]''': municipium [[Francia]]e, in regione [[Rhodanus et Alpis|Rhodano et Alpibus]].
* '''[[Altavilla Maurianiensium]]''': municipium [[Francia]]e, in regione [[Rhodanus et Alpis|Rhodano et Alpibus]].
* '''[[Alta Villa (Francia)]]''': municipium [[Francia]]e, in regione [[Normannia Superior]]e.
* '''[[Alta Villa (Hassia)|Alta Villa (Germania)]]''' (Theodisce ''Eltville am Rhein'')
* '''[[Alta Villa (Saxonia)|Alta Villa]]''' [[Saxonia|Saxonica]] in [[Germania]] quoque &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohndorf'')</text>
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'''Mr. Bean''' ('Dominus Faba') est [[persona]] ficta in serie [[televisio|televisuali]] eiusdem nominis. Partes Domini Fabae aguntur a [[Rowan Atkinson]], [[comoedia|comoedo]] [[Anglia|Anglico]], qui manuscriptiones{{dubsig}} seriei una cum aliis [[scriptor]]ibus scribit. Dominus Faba est homo paucorum verborum, suarum rerum studiosus, infantilis, interdum ingeniosus. Vehitur [[autocinetum|autocineto]] minimo suo, sermocinatur cum ursulo lusorio{{dubsig}} et saepissime [[calamitas|calamitatibus]] minoribus et maioribus occurrit. Etiam duae [[pellicula]]e sunt factae, in quibus Dominus Faba apparet, quorum primus est nomine ''Bean: The Ultimate Disaster Movie'' (''Faba: Pellicula Calamitatis Extremae'') et secundum ''Mr. Bean's Holiday'' (''Commeatus Domini Fabae''). Unaquaque parte seriei ineunte [[chorus]] cantat [[Latine]] &quot;Ecce homo, qui est faba&quot;, parte autem exeunte &quot;Vale homo, qui est faba.&quot;

{{pers-fict-stipula}}

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20151107032035/http://www.mrbean.com/ Situs interretialis www.mrbean.com.]

[[Categoria:Personae ficticiae]]</text>
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      <text bytes="772" sha1="8c48duhm4rhmwd6z9jvt46s8oweukvo" xml:space="preserve">''' Iohannes Baptista de Albertini''' (natus [[Neoweda]]e die [[17 Februarii]] [[1769]]; mortuus in ''[[Berthelsdorf]]'' iuxta [[Custodia Dei|Custodiae Dei]] -[[Theodisce]] ''Herrnhut''- (''[[Oberlausitz]]'' die [[6 Decembris]] [[1831]]), [[episcopus]] [[Martinus Lutherus|Lutheranus]], fuit [[mycologia|mycologus]] et [[botanica|botanicus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]. [[Nomina abbreviata botanistarum et mycologorum|Sigla]] eius est „&lt;span class=&quot;Person&quot;&gt; Alb. &lt;/span&gt;“.

== Opera selecta==

* ''Conspectus Fungorum in Lusatiae Superioris Agro Niskiense Crescentium e Methodo Persoonia'', 1805 [[Lipsia]]e

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Lifetime|1769|1831|Albertini, Iohannes Baptista de}}
[[Categoria:Botanistae Germaniae]]
[[Categoria:Mycologi]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Lutherani]]</text>
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    <title>Lupus de Vega</title>
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      <text bytes="11048" sha1="6byyuapodyzvio9luwc7guk58ucjspz" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:LopedeVega.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Lupus de Vega.]]

{{res|Felix Lupus de Vega y Carpio}}{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1=Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20250708132706/https://bivaldi.gva.es/es/consulta/registro.cmd?id=6021 inscriptionem] in [[imago|imagine]] a Bartholomaeo Maura Montaner factam; vel {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Nicolaus Antonio|Nicolai Antonii|es|qid=Q541378}} [https://books.google.ru/books?id=zQY_AAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA214&amp;dq=lupus+de+vega&amp;hl=la&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjJmau-p4H4AhWPUXcKHZS4A9sQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&amp;q=lupus%20de%20vega&amp;f=false ''Bibliotheca Hispana,'' vol. I (Matriti, 1783), 214.] Vel '''Lupus a Vega''' (e.g. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iulius Columabrius|Iulii Columbarii|es|qid=Q5866600}} [https://books.google.ru/books?id=E1VpAAAAcAAJ&amp;q=Lupus+a+Vega#v=snippet&amp;q=Lupus%20a%20Vega&amp;f=false ''Expostulatio Spongiæ a Petro Turriano Ramila nuper evulgatae'' (Tricassibus 1618), passim]; [https://books.google.ru/books?id=H4QCAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA237&amp;lpg=PA237&amp;dq=lupi+de+vega&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=QriiQJ9xqD&amp;sig=ACfU3U2bjdM8hdD7sa-EaWvSCIn8Tvj77g&amp;hl=la&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwj8ufHCmIH4AhWGv4sKHZsSBOoQ6AF6BAglEAM#v=onepage&amp;q=lupi%20de%20vega&amp;f=false ''In mortem Lupi a Vega, Hispani laureati poetae''] (epigramma Nicolai de Albiz. in: ''Coleccion de las obras sueltas... de Lope de Vega'', vol. 20, Matriti 1779, p. 237); necnon '''Lupus Vega''' (eiusdem Albiz epigramma in eadem pagina). Vide et [[Lupus (nomen)|de Lupo nomine]].|2=Q541378|3=Q5866600}} (praenomine [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanico]] ''Lope''),{{FD ref}} natus [[Matritum|Matriti]] die [[25 Novembris]] [[1562]]; ibidem mortuus [[27 Augusti]] [[1635]]) fuit [[scriptor]] [[ludus scaenicus|scaenicus]], [[poeta]], et [[scriptor mythistoriarum]] [[Hispanici|Hispanicus]] [[mos|more]] [[barocus|baroco]], unus e maximis [[Saeculum Aureum Hispanicum|saeculi aurei Hispanici]] [[persona|personis]], qui secundus in [[traditio]]ne [[Hispanice|linguae Hispanicae]] latissime numeratur, post [[Michael de Cervantes Saavedra|Michaelem de Cervantes Saavedra]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.classicspanishbooks.com/16th-cent-baroque-lope-works.html |title=Works of Lope de Vega |website=www.classicspanishbooks.com |access-date=2019-03-09}}.&lt;/ref&gt; cum autem numerus eius operum singularis esset, ut unus e fecundissimis [[auctor]]ibus in [[historia]] [[litterae|litterarum]] esset, quam ob rem Cervantes ipse agnomina ''phoenicem ingeniorum'' (Hispanice ''fénix de los Ingenios'') et ''[[monstrum]] [[natura]]e'' (Hispanice ''monstruo de la naturaleza'') ei dedit.

== De vita ==
[[Fasciculus:Musée Ingres-Bourdelle - Les Funérailles de Lope de Vega, 1853 - Paul Balze - Joconde 00000055161.jpg|thumb|In exsequiis poetae; fecit [[Paulus Balze]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Casa Lope de Vega (Madrid).jpg|thumb|In ''Casa Lope de Vega'', Matriti.]]
[[Nobilis|Nobili genere]] [[Gallaecia|Gallaica]] natus, mox ingenium poeseos monstravit; ferunt quidem adulescentem annorum duodecim iam [[comoedia|comoediolas]] pepigisse. Postquam eruditionem in Collegio Imperiali [[Matritum|Matritensi]] habuit studiis [[theologia|theologicis]] ac [[philosophia|philosophicis]] in [[Universitas Studii Salmanticensis|universitatibus Salmantica]] et [[complutum (Hispania)|Compluti]] se dedicabat. Compluti baccalaureatum nactus est. Studiis terminatis in servitiis [[Ferdinandus Toletanus Dux Albanus|Ferdinandi Toletani ducis Albanae]] fungebatur, cui eidyllion pastorale ''Arcadia'' scripsit. Eventus [[amor]]um infelix stipendia merere persuadebat, quare expeditione regis [[Philippus II (rex Hispaniae)|Philippi regis II]] contra [[Azores]] anno [[1582]] participavit. Reversus sub custodiam pro causis ignotis missus est; e [[carcer]]e fugit et [[nauta]] in [[armata classis|armata classe]] [[Anglia|Anglos]] deballatura factus est. Clade accepta, post reditum in patriam dominam nobili genere natam ductitavit, sed duellio infelici iterum patria relinquenda erat. [[Valentia]]m petivit, ubi istis temporibus schola poetarum magnorum erat.

Cum variis artificibus consuetudinem contrahere potuit et pro scaenis laborare incohatus est. Denique anno [[1595]] permissus est reditus Matritensis; [[uxor]]e mortua, secretarius marquisii de Malpica, postea comitis de Lemos quocum per [[Italia]]m migrabat, fuit. In Hispaniam reveniens, nuptias novas habuit, et diu litteris solummodo vacare contigit. Anno [[1607]], morte uxoris et infantis demissus, ordinationem sacerdotalem petivit, annoque [[1611]] ordinem [[tertius ordo|tertium ordinem]] [[ordo Fratrum Minorum|Sancti Francisci]] intravit. Gloria poetae autem velociter crescebat et mox e permultis scaenis dramata producebantur: populus eum admirans diligebat, aula regia honores sparsit, [[inquisitio haereticae pravitis|Inquisitio]] eum instituit, [[Toletum|Toleti]] anno [[1618]] protonotarius apostolicus factus est et papa [[Urbanus VIII]] anno [[1628]] eum [[eques|equitem]] [[ordo Sancti Ioannis|Ordinis Sancti Ioannis]] proclamavit. Eius [[filia]] fuit [[Marcella a S. Felice]].

==Gravitudo==
[[File:Lope de Vega (M. Fuxà) Madrid 01.jpg|thumb|150px|Statua poetae Matriti]]
Lope de Vega verisimilitr inter totius mundi poetas ingenio fecundissimo erat. Habemus duo epopoea: ''Angelica'' et ''La Jerusalén conquistada''; quinque carmina mythologica: ''Circe,'' ''Andromeda,'' ''Philomela,'' ''Orfeo,'' et ''Proserpina''; carmina historica longa: ''San Isidro,'' ''La Dragontea,'' et ''La virgen de la Almudena''; carmen heroicum satiricum sub nomine Thomae Burguillos: ''La Gatomaquia''; [[poema]]ta didactica et explicatoria; multitudinem [[sonetus|sonetorum]], Romanensium, [[oda]]rum, [[elegia]]rum, [[epistula]]rum; [[mythistoria]]s partim in prosa (''Peregrino en su patria''), partim in versibus (''Dorotea,'' quod opus ipse maxime diligebat); mythistoriam pastoralem et religiosam (''Los pastores de Belen'' et ''Arcadia''); necnon octo [[novella]]s versibus solutas 

Miscellaneis tantis admirandis gloria eius vera in dramaturgia fuit. Comoedias MD pepigit, e quibus adhuc quincenta servantur. Etiam artem poeticam parvam exaravit cui titulus »Arte nuevo de hazer comedias«. Iste homo drama nationale Hispanicum creavit et in argumentis et in forma modum Hispanicum elucere fecit. Poeta scite et cate plebis gustui cessit mores populi stilo cantans atque personans Sermonem patrium et metra callens ad amussim sensus populares respiciebat et sancta sollemnitate omnes captabat. Scilicet in tantis dramatibus nonnulla minus bona quoque invenire possunt; eum inter genera dramatica optime fallacias (''comedia de capa y espada'') tractavisse constat. Difficile ut in uberrima copia opus maximum invenias; sunt qui drama ''Alcalde de Zalamea'' omnibus aliis praeferant.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
[[Fasciculus:La encomienda bien guardada.jpg|thumb|''La encomienda bien guardada'', manuscriptum autographicum, 1610.]]

=== Opera Anglice scripta ===
* Grismer, Raymond L. [[1977]]. ''Bibliography of Lope de Vega: books, essays, articles, and other studies on the life of Lope de Vega, his works, and his imitators.'' Minneapoli: Burgess-Beckwith. ISBN 052736195X.
* Hayes, Francis C. [[1967]]. ''Lope de Vega.'' Twayne's World Author Series. Novi Eboraci: Twayne Publishers.
* Keck, Ray M. [[1999]]. ''Love's Dialectic: Mimesis and Allegory in the Romances of Lope de Vega.'' Romance Monographs. University Mississippiae: University of Mississippi, Department of Modern Languages. ISBN 1889441058.
* Morley, S., et L. Allardice. [[2003]]. &quot;Double takes.&quot; ''New Statesman'' 132 (4639): 46.
* Samson, Alexander, et Jonathan Thacker, eds. [[2018]]. ''A Companion to Lope de Vega.'' Woodbridge et Rochester Novi Eboraci: Tamesis. ISBN 978-1855663251.

=== Opera Hispanice scripta ===
* Alonso, Dámaso. [[1972]]. ''En torno a Lope.'' Matriti: Gredos. ISBN 9788424904753.
* Arellano, Ignacio. [[1995]]. ''Historia del teatro español del siglo XVII.'' Matriti: Cátedra. ISBN 9788437613680.
* Arellano, Ignacio, et Carlos Mata. [[2011]]. ''Vida y obra de Lope de Vega, Bibliotheca homolegens.'' Matriti. ISBN 978-84-92518-72-2.
* Castro, Américo, et Hugo A. Rennert. [[1968]]. ''Vida de Lope de Vega: (1562-1635).'' Salmaticae.
* Goldáraz, Luis H. [[2018]]. ''Lope, el verso y la vida.'' Libertad Digital. [https://www.libertaddigital.com/cultura/libros/2018-11-30/antonio-sanchez-jimenez-presenta-la-biografia-de-lope-de-vega-1276629134/ Textus interretialis.]
* Huerta Calvo, Javier. [[2003]]. ''Historia del Teatro Español.'' Matriti: Gredos.
* Marco, José María. [[2019]]. ''El verdadero amante: Lope de Vega y el amor.'' Prologus a Gabriele Albiac scriptus. Matriti: Ediciones Insólitas. ISBN 9788494882500, ISBN 8494882503.
* Menéndez Pelayo, Marcelino. [[1949]]. ''Estudios sobre el teatro de Lope de Vega.'' Matriti: Editorial Artes Gráficas.
* Montesinos, José Fernández. [[1967]]. ''Estudios sobre Lope de Vega.'' Salmanticae: Anaya. 
* Pedraza Jiménez, Felipe B. [[2004]]. ''El universo poético de Lope de Vega.'' Matriti: Laberinto.  
* Rozas, Juan Manuel. [[1990]]. ''Estudios sobre Lope de Vega.'' Matriti: Cátedra.
* Pedraza Jiménez, Felipe B. [[2009]]. ''Lope de Vega: pasiones, obra y fortuna del monstruo de naturaleza.'' Matriti: EDAF. ISBN 9788441421424.
* Sánchez-Jiménez, Antonio. [[2018]]. ''Lope de Vega: el verso y la vida.'' Matriti: Cátedra, 2018. ISBN 9788437638621, ISBN 8437638623.

=== Opera Theodisce scripta ===
* Hennigfeld, Ursula. [[2008]]. ''Der ruinierte Körper: Petrarkistische Sonette in transkultureller Perspektive.'' Würzburg: Königshausen &amp; Neumann.
* Müller-Bochat, Eberhard. [[1956]]. ''Lope de Vega und die italienische Dichtung.'' Abhandlungen der geistes- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz, 12.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Lope de Vega|Lupum de Vega}}
*[https://es.wikisource.org/wiki/Autor:Félix_Lope_de_Vega_y_Carpio Scaturigo Vicifontis]
*[https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118626353 Res apud DDB] 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150604200622/http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/L/A-Robert.R.Lauer-1/SP4183BLope.html Vita multis verbis Hispanicis et historia dramaturgiae Hispanicae]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100929164346/http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/bib_autor/Lope/index.shtml Biographia, elenchus omnium operum, imagines, nexus pretiosi et ita porro]
* Lope de Vega: ''[http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/o:60781 Trezena Parte De Las Comedias De Lope De Vega Carpio, Procurador Fiscal de la Camara Apostolica en el Arçobispado de Toledo]'' Liber electronicus, 1620 
* [https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/autoren/namen/vega.html Opera Theodisce conversa] 

{{Lifetime|1562|1635|Vega, Lupus de}}
[[Categoria:Auctores Hispanici]]
[[Categoria:Hospitalarii]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Hispaniae]]
[[Categoria:Presbyteri catholici]]
[[Categoria:Saeculum Aureum Hispanicum]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Hispaniae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Hispaniae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores scaenici]]
{{Myrias|Homines}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mons Fortinus (Marchia Anconitana)</title>
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      <text bytes="1242" sha1="4l4sno017eu2bci9acp5cv86ni7haw3" xml:space="preserve">{{pro pagina discretiva vide|Mons Fortinus (discretiva)}}
{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Montefortino, Marche.jpg|thumb|Mons Fortinus (Marchia Anconitana)]]
'''Mons Fortinus'''&lt;ref&gt;Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montefortino|Montefortino]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Marchia Anconitana]] et in [[Provincia Firmana]] situm. Incolae ''Montefortinenses'' appellantur.

== Insigne ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Municipia finitima ==

{{NexInt}}
* [[Marchia Anconitana]] (''regio''),
* [[Picenum]] (''terra''),
* [[Provincia Firmana]],
* [[Firmum]] seu [[Firmum Picenum]] (''urbs''),
* [[Municipium Italiae]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305013502/http://www.tecuting.it/c044037/hh/index.php?jvs=0&amp;acc=1 Pagina officialis]
{{CommuniaCat|Montefortino|Montem Fortinum}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Imago:Map of comune of Montefortino (province of Fermo, region Marche, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Firmana.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Firmi Piceni]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Motus Antagonistarum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="2984" sha1="1ee3s7fi8oa6r82y0zv54qj262rpios" xml:space="preserve">'''Motus Antagonistarum''' est [[motus culturalis]] [[Urbs Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] anno [[2000]] rite constitutus, a desperatione in [[urbs|urbano]] [[ars|artis]] [[mercatus (oeconomia)|mercatu]] [[floruit|florendi]] impulsus, ex ''Psycho Moto'' [[magazina fanaticorum]]&lt;!--fanzine--&gt; anno [[1988]] [[pellicula]]que ''Anything Boys Can Do'' anno [[1996]] ortus.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20020213022954/http://antagovision.com/ FAQ, Antagonist Art Movement,] situs accessus [[24 Augusti]] [[2013]].&lt;/ref&gt; Motus praecipue [[ars visualis|artes oculorum]], [[litterae|litteras]], [[pellicula]]m, edicta artis&lt;!--a. manifestos--&gt;, et [[descriptio graphica|descriptionem graphicam]]&lt;!--g. design--&gt; amplectitur. Statum [[civilitas|politicum]] contra [[commercium]] per vulgatas in mercatu artis normas reiciendas confirmat, et ad creanda non lucrativa [[cultura]]e opera locosque laborat. Sua ratio est [[significatio|significationis inopiam]], [[superficialitas|superficialitatem]], [[artificialitas|artificialitatem]] [[ars commercialis|artis commercialis]] deridere. Sodales, [[antagonista]]e haud sollemni more appellati, ingenium novum nutriunt, [[opus artis|opera artis]] exhibenda curantes, secum alios [[artifex|artifices]] coniungentes, consilium dantes, auxilium profitentes. Motus plus quam 3000 artifices per totum [[tellus|orbem terrarum]] [[duodecim]] annos adiuvit.
 
==Nota==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
 
==Facebook fanaticorum paginae==
*[http://www.facebook.com/Anything.Boys.Can.Do Anything Boys Can Do]
*[http://www.facebook.com/BarstoolProphetsthebook Barstool Prophets]
*[http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Dolls-Of-Lisbon/166294286766001 The Dolls of Lisbon]
*[http://www.facebook.com/RichBoyCriesForMomma Rich Boy Cries for Momma]
*[http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Soft-Hustle/116874361754594 The Soft Hustle]
*[http://www.facebook.com/ThisIsBerlinNotNewYork This is Berlin, Not New York]
 
==Nexus externi==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20020213022954/http://antagovision.com/ Antagonist Art Movement,] situs publicus
*[http://www.youtube.com/user/AntagonistMovement Antagonist Art Movement,] youtube.com
*[http://theantagonistblog.blogspot.com/ The Antagonist Blog,] blogspot.com
*[http://twitter.com/#!/antagonistart Antagonist Movement,] twitter.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140408215309/http://www.oldmanandbittergirl.com/interviews/interview-with-crispy-and-rubio-from-the-dolls-of-lisbon/ Interviews,] OMBG Podcast
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131017025502/http://twelvmag.com/art-culture/antagonist-movement De motu,] ''Twelv'' [sic] ''Magazine''
*[http://www.thelodownny.com/?s=arturo+vega Arturo Vega, Creator of Ramones’ Logo, Dies at 65,] ''The Lo-Down: News from the Lower East Side''
 
{{ars-stipula}}
 
[[Categoria:Ars]]
[[Categoria:Urbs Novum Eboracum]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 2000]]
&lt;!--subcat of [[Categoria:Cultura Civitatum Foederatarum civitate digesta]]
[[Categoria:American art movements]]--&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Clube de Regatas do Flamengo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>198933</id>
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        <id>158195</id>
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      <comment>/* Celebri lusores */</comment>
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      <text bytes="2073" sha1="19om3oo5vq6g1mzsu6rvrvr4bceuju7" xml:space="preserve">[[file:Flamengo-RJ (BRA).png|thumb|right|199x199px]]
''' ''Clube de Regatas do Flamengo'' ''', vel modo ''' ''Flamengo'' ''' ('Flamengo Ludiathletica Consociatio') est societas [[Pediludium|pediludii]] et [[ludus athleticus|ludorum athleticorum]] [[Brasilia|Brasiliensis]] [[Urbs Fluminensis|cariocus]]. Condita est die [[17 Novembris]] [[1895]] in [[Urbs Fluminensis|Urbe Fluminensi]] et in liga foederata prima [[Brasilia|Brasiliensis]] ludit. 

== Successus ==
=== Tituli nationales ===
* '''Campio Brasiliensus''': [[1980]], [[1982]], [[1983]], [[1987]], [[1992]], [[2009]], [[2019]], [[2020]], [[2025]]
* '''Campio poculi Brasiliensi''': [[1990]], [[2006]], [[2013]] e [[2022]], [[2024]]
* '''Brazil Supercup''': [[2020]], [[2021]], [[2025]]
* '''Brazil Propugnatores Cup''': [[2001]]
* '''Campio Cariocus''': 1914, 1915, 1920, 1921, 1925, 1927, 1939, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1963, 1965, 1972, 1974, 1978, 1979, 1979(Special), 1981, 1986, 1991, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2014, 2017, 2019 e 2020, 2021, 2024, 2025
=== Tituli internationales ===
* '''Mundiale Poculum (semel)''': [[1981]]
* '''Liberators Cup (semel)''': [[1981]],[[2019]], [[2022]], [[2025]]
* '''Mercosur Cup''': [[1999]]
* '''Cup South American Aurum''': [[1996]]
* '''South American Recopa''': [[2020]]

== Celebri lusores ==
* [[Zico]]
* Adilius
* Georgius Ludovicus Andrade
* Júnior
* Leandrus
* Ioannes Baptista Nunes
* [[Romarius]]
* [[Bebeto]]
* [[Domenicus da Guia]]
* [[Leonidas da Silva]]
* Zizinho
* [[Ronaldinhus]]
* Dida (Edvaldus Alves de Santa Rosa)
* [[Iulius Caesar Soares Espíndola|Iulius Caesar]]
* Dejan Petković
* Gabriel Barbosa
* [[Georgianus De Arrascaeta]]
* Raul Plassmann
* Mozer
* Aldair
* [[Leonardus Nascimento de Araújo|Leonardus]]
* [[Adrianus Leite Ribeiro|Adrianus]]
* [[Petrus Guglielmus Abreu dos Santos|Petrus]]

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.flamengo.com.br/ Pagina officialis]

{{ludus-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Brasilia]]
[[Categoria:Constituta 1895]]
[[Categoria:Societates pediludii]]
[[Categoria:Urbs Fluminensis]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Davidson Black</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>203481</id>
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        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
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      <text bytes="945" sha1="e3e4sax9nb9ptso3vglptyne8i15agb" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Davidson Black}} (natus [[Torontum|Toronti]] in [[Canada]] die [[25 Iulii]] [[1884]]; [[Pecinum|Pecini]] mortuus die [[15 Martii]] [[1934]]) fuit [[medicus]] accurate [[anatomia]]e peritus et [[Palaeoanthropologia|palaeoanthropologus]] [[Canada|Canadiensis]], qui notus est praecipue speciei [[Sinanthropus pekinensis|Sinanthropi pekinensis]] (haec reliqua hodie ad speciem [[Homo erectus|homum erectum]] putatur pertinere)  dentium primae anno [[1927]] descriptionis gratia. Ab anno [[1932]] Black [[Regalis Societas Londini|Regalis Societatis]] [[Londinium|Londinii]] sodales fuit 

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat}}
{{Vicispecies}}
{{Fontes biographici}}

{{scien-bio-stipula}} 

{{DEFAULTSORT:Black, Davidson}}

[[Categoria:Anthropologi Canadae]]
[[Categoria:Eruditi Canadae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1884]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1934]]
[[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]]
[[Categoria:Anatomici]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mord mit Aussicht</title>
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      <text bytes="14968" sha1="qlx2pi8oiqytr7bvym3bj4lfvtp9axl" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Caroline_Peters.jpg|thumb|Caroline Peters, quae agit Sophian&lt;!--accusativus Graecus--&gt; Haasem]]
[[Fasciculus:Deutscher Fernsehpreis 2012 - Bjarne Mädel.jpg|thumb|Bjarne Mädel, qui agit Dietmarum Schäfferem]]
[[Fasciculus:Schauspielerin Meike Droste, Deutsches Theater Berlin 2 crop.jpg|thumb|Meike Droste, quae agit Bärbelam Schmiedem]]
[[Fasciculus:Kallmuth_Aussicht_mit_Dorfkirche.jpg|thumb|Kallmuth vicus, qui multos prospectos seriei dat]]
'''Mord mit Aussicht''' ([[Lingua latina|latine]] ''caedes cum praevista'') series televisionis Germanica coetu ''Pro''&lt;!--Pro GmbH--&gt; confecta est. Die 7 Ianuarii 2008 primum distributa ludens pelliculas criminum classicas imitat. Fabulae summam personam Caroline Peters scaenica agit. 

== Actio ==
Sophie Haas biocolyta [[Colonia Agrippina]] oppido exspectans fieri rector commissionis caedium Coloniae Agrippinae movitur in [[Eifla]]e locum Hengasch&lt;!--genus neutrum--&gt; ([[Lingua Theodisca|Germanice]] onomatopoeticus pro ''puga pendens''). Ibi cognoscit biocolytas Dietmarum Schäfferem atque Bärbelam Schmiedem, qui sub Hanso Zielonka decessore Sophias&lt;!--genitivus Graecus--&gt; Haasis solum lente laborare debuerant. Bärbel Schmied solet exclamare ''Nee, ne?'' (latine ''Non verum, an?''), Dietmar Schäffer saepe dicit desperationis verba ''Mann, Mann, Mann'' (latine ''vir, vir, vir'').&lt;ref name=&quot;FAZ&quot; /&gt; Heike uxor huius perpetuo turbat studia officiala et cognoscere res secretas vult. Sophia&lt;!--dativus Graecus--&gt; oblatum ad Coloniam Agrippinam redire hoc recusat quia in Hengasche pater Sophias&lt;!--genitivus Graecus--&gt; mox domum emerat et post [[Infarctus cordis|infarctum cordis]] eius Sophie eum ibi non solum destituere vult.&lt;ref name=&quot;narratiuncula 1&quot;&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2011/ausgerechnet-eifel-folge-1-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 1] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sophiehaas&quot;&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/darsteller/caroline-peters-als-sophie-haas-100.html daserste.de de partibus Sophias&lt;!--genitivus Graecus--&gt; Haasis] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Causae mirae ===
Multae causae occupant vitae vigilorum Hengaschis. Iuxta causas caedis hae erant: Causae primae Sophias&lt;!--genitivus Graecus--&gt; Haasis sunt verberatio recens et furtus humi et personae deicerentes boves et deesse sexennius comarchi.&lt;ref name=&quot;narratiuncula 1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nordbayern.de/nuernberger-nachrichten/kultur/auf-morderjagd-in-der-tiefsten-provinz-1.780120 nordbayern.de: Auf Mörderjagd in der tiefsten Provinz]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; In narratiuncula tertia musico clavilis digitus minimus amputatur.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2011/fingeruebungen-folge-3-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 3] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; In narratiuncula quinta Sophie Haas atque Bärbel Schmied denuntiantur capiunturque in silva alta.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2011/waldeslust-folge-5-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 5] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; Posterius aliquis in nunnullis domis abstrudit machinas cinematographicas, ut demonstrare possit maritum suum concumbere in lectis alienis.&lt;ref name=&quot;narratiuncula 10&quot;&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2011/walzing-mathilde-folge-10-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 10] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; In parte secunda exempli gratia pumiliones artificiosae attonant&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2012/folge-15-terror-in-hengasch-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 15] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; aut sucus frugum inficitur&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2012/folge-19-saftladen-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 19] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt;. Mox etiam vir interficitur, cum cui Sophie Haas noctem ultimam degerat.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2012/folge-22-tod-am-18-loch-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 22] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; In narratiuncula proxima Sophie Haas et Dietmar Schäffer in campo tentorio latenter percontrantur mercatorem drogarum non legitimarum.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2012/folge-23-das-nennt-man-camping-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 23] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Productio ==
Marie Reiners seriem invenit ipsa parumper in Eifla vivere coacta. Inquit se sensisse ut Sophie Haas, quae primum numquam manere vult, sed tum incipit tolerare amareque homines Hengasche.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161223054320/http://www.tvspielfilm.de/news-und-specials/interviewsundstories/neue-krimi-serie-tatort-eifel,4162850,ApplicationArticle.html tvspielfilm.de: Tatort Eifel] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; 
Producta est series primum potissimum in Kallmuthe in Eifla, postero saepe in locis non in Eifla sitis. Multae scenae etiam in Rure Montuoso&lt;!--“Bergisches Land”--&gt; praelusae sunt ut Aubach taberna. Domus biocolytarum primum in Kallmuthe situs est, in parte secunda in Bornheim-Hemmeriche.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rundschau-online.de/euskirchen/wie--hengasch--zur-heimat-wird,15185862,15601468.html rundschau-online.de: Wie Hengasch zur Heimat wird]{{Nexus deficitur|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; 
Series temptata fuit pro sex narratiunculas primum distributas anno 2008. Post rumorem bonum septem narratiunculae plus formatae sunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;FAZ&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131229151129/http://www.faz.net/aktuell/feuilleton/fernsehen/im-fernsehen-mord-mit-aussicht-nee-ne-mann-mann-1983734.html FAZ.net: Im Fernsehen: Mord mit Aussicht. Nee, ne? Mann, Mann!] (videtum die 30 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; Anno 2012 pars secunda includens 13 narratiunculas praesentata est illoque anno secundam bonam efficacitatem conficit. A Iunio 2013 currunt labores partis tertiae, quae praesentabitur autumno anni 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drehstart&quot;&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/specials/drehstart-fuer-3-staffel-100.html daserste.de: Drehstart für 3. Staffel der ARD-Krimiserie &quot;Mord mit Aussicht&quot; mit Caroline Peters. Sophie Haas ermittelt wieder!] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; 
Narratiunculae partis primae secundaeque in [[Lingua Italiana|linguam Italianam]] synchronatae et in canale [[Rai 1]] sub nomine ''Homicide Hills – Un Commissario in campagna'' praesentatae sunt.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.davidemaggio.it/tag/un-commissario-in-campagna davidemaagio.it: Un Commissario in Campagna] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Scaenici et partes ==
Hic scaenici prodeunt in ha serie: 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Scaenicus !! Nomen partium !! Descriptio partium !! Narratiunculae (Anni)
|-
| Caroline Peters || Sophie Haas || Biocolyta criminum summa&lt;!--“Kriminaloberkommissarin”--&gt; mittitur a Colonia ad Hengasch in Eifla, quod ei omnino non placet.&lt;ref name=&quot;narratiuncula 1&quot; /&gt; Solet percontrari valde investigans, exempli gratia sub nomine falso in campo tentorio. Nuptiae cum Jocheno Kauthe iam coeptae interruperunt, quia magistrata officialis ut scelesta revelatur, post quod Jochen Kauth finit amores cum Sophia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drehstart&quot; /&gt; || 1- (2008-)
|-
| Bjarne Mädel || Dietmar Schäffer || Biocolyta benignus et placidus Hengasche est. Semper animum attenditur per Heikam uxorem suam,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/darsteller/bjarne-maedel-als-dietmar-Schäffer-100.html daserste.de de partibus Dietmari Schäfferis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; quae velut non probat Dietmarum oblivisci anniversarium nuptiarum.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2011/spaetlese-folge-9-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 9] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; Interdum Dietmar Schäffer incipit percontrari cum praeiudiciis&lt;ref name=&quot;narratiuncula 10&quot; /&gt; vel ipse devenit in suspicione criminis.&lt;ref name=&quot;narratiuncula 24&quot;&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2012/folge-24-ein-krummer-hund-102.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 24] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; Ei valde placet notare delicta velocitatis.&lt;ref name=&quot;n17&quot;&gt;Narratiuncula 17 (RBB (televisio Germana), 5 Octobris 2013, 21:05) &lt;/ref&gt; || 1-39 (2008-2014)
|-
| Meike Droste || Bärbel Schmied || Etiam ea biocolyta Hengasche est; ibi scholam visitavit et fere unumquemque e ho loco cognoscit.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131226104607/http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/darsteller/meike-droste-als-baerbel-schmied-100.html daserste.de de partibus Bärbelae Schmiedis] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; Primum Mathildam peragrantem cognoscit et alia aliam adamat, priusquam Mathilde progredi debet.&lt;ref name=&quot;narratiuncula 10&quot; /&gt; Iuvenis postremo amatus ut fur detegitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;narratiuncula 24&quot; /&gt; Bärbel Schmied Dietmaro Schäfferi familiariter utitur.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2011/nach-sechs-im-zoo-folge-13-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 13] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; || 1- (2008-)
|-
| Petra Kleinert || Heike Schäffer || Plus quam 17 annos uxor Dietmari Schäfferis est, quem iterum atque iterum dominat. Saepe adest in loco laboris biocolytarum, quod Sophie Haas improbat, etsi interdum Heike res pro solvendo causas importantas cognoscit,&lt;ref name=&quot;n8&quot;&gt;Narratiuncula 8 (Einsfestival (televisio Germana), 22. Octobris 2013, 22:10)&lt;/ref&gt; quia valde curiosa est et ita etiam nunnulla secreta cognoscit. Multam operam dat in coetu matronarum ruris&lt;!--“Landfrauenbund”--&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131226111037/http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/darsteller/petra-kleinert-als-heike-schaeffer-100.html daserste.de de partibus Heikae Schäfferis] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; || 1- (2008-)
|-
| Hans Peter Hallwachs || Dr. Hannes Haas || Pater Sophias&lt;!--genitivus Graecus--&gt; et medicus emeritus est. Mox post mittendum Sophian&lt;!--accusativus Graecus--&gt; a Colonia is adhuc redit. Serus infarctum cordis habet et Sophie revertit ad Hengasch, ne solus vivat. Praeter Danuta puella Polonica arcessitur, ut curet Hannem; in amores eunt.&lt;ref name=&quot;hanneshaas&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131226115315/http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/darsteller/hans-peter-hallwachs-als-hannes-haas-100.html daserste.de de partibus Hannei Haasis] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; || 1- (2008-)
|-
| Arnd Klawitter || Dr. Jochen Kauth || Medicus animalis Hengasche est, qui aliquotiens in amoribus Sophia&lt;!--dativus Graecus--&gt; est.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2012/folge-25-der-antrag-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 25] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; || 3- (2008-)
|-
| Michael Hanemann || Hans Zielonka || Decessor Sophias&lt;!--genitivus Graecus--&gt; ut biocolyta summus est et saepe contra eam agit.&lt;ref name=&quot;narratiuncula 1&quot; /&gt; || 1- (2008-)
|-
| Max Gertsch || Andreas Zielonka || Filius Hansi Zielonkae biocolyta [[Confluentes|Confluentibus]] et compluriens in amoribus Sophia&lt;!--dativus Graecus--&gt; est.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2011/marienfeuer-folge-4-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 4] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; || 4-6, 13- (2008-)
|-
| Patrick Heyn || Dr. Arndt Bechermann || Gynaecologus atque medicus necessitatis subitae Hengasche est, qui fere semper infarcti cordis diagnoses dat.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.daserste.de/unterhaltung/serie/mord-mit-aussicht/sendung/2011/toedlicher-lehrerstoff-folge-11-100.html daserste.de de narratiuncula 11] (videtum die 31 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt; || 2- (2008-)
|-
| Kulla Jossifidis || Domina Ziegler || Anus quieta est, quae ubique in accidentibus publicis adest.&lt;ref name=&quot;n8&quot; /&gt; || 1- (2008-)
|-
| Friederike Frerichs || Domina Runkelbach || Mercator victualiorum Hengasche est.&lt;ref name=&quot;narratiuncula 10&quot; /&gt; || 10- (2010-)
|-
| Felix Vörtler || Arthur Brandt || Vigil ignis Hengasche est.&lt;ref&gt;Narratiuncula 1 (NDR (televisio Germana), die 26 Octobris 2013, 21:45) &lt;/ref&gt; || 1- (2008-)
|-
| Fritz Roth || Herbert Winnen || Agricola suum est, qui usus est medicinam, ut sues citius crescant.&lt;ref&gt;Narratiuncula 3 (NDR (televisio Germana), die 2 Novembris 2013, 21:45)&lt;/ref&gt; || 3- (2008-)
|-
| Heiko Pinkowski || ''non nominatum'' || Pathologicus Colonia Agrippina oppido est. || 11- (2010-)
|-
| Michael Wittenborn || Paul Schönfelder&lt;!--iam annuntiatum has partes mox redire--&gt; || Hortulanus etiam drogarum non legitimarum est.&lt;ref name=&quot;n17&quot; /&gt; || 17- (2012-)
|-
| Julia Schmitt || Lydia Aubach || Ministra Aubachis tabernae est.&lt;ref&gt;Narratiuncula 22 (HR (televisio Germana), die 17 Octobris 2013, 21:45)&lt;/ref&gt; || 14- (2012-)
|-
| Karina Krawczyk || Danuta || Cultrix Polonica Dr. Hannei Haasis post infarctum cordis eiusdem est breviterque sua concubina.&lt;ref name=&quot;hanneshaas&quot; /&gt; || 15- (2012-)
|-
| Johann von Bülow || Jan Schulte || Candidatus offici comarchi, postea comarchus in Hengasche est.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drehstart&quot; /&gt; || 27- (2014-)
|-
| Carmen-Maja Antoni || Irmtraud || Mater Dietmari Schäfferis est, quae inannuntiate commigrat in domum Schäfferum.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drehstart&quot; /&gt; || 27- (2014-)
|}

== Censura ==
Nunnulla [[Diarium|diaria]] Germana recensunt seriem ut sequitur: 
{{citatio|Studere crimina in loco Eiflae Hengasche non laetitiam gignit. Sane inspectare Sophian&lt;!--accusativus Graecus--&gt; Haasem patrare fatum suum in angello atrissimo [[Rhenania Septentrionalis-Vestfalia|Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae]]. Series [[ARD|Consortii institutionum radiodiffusionum publicarum Rei Publicae Foederalis Germaniae]] comoediam lenitatis celebrat.|Patrick Bahners, FAZ.net&lt;ref name=&quot;FAZ&quot; /&gt;}}
{{citatio|Nonnumquam consilia scenae illustra tam cito sese consequuntur, ut vix liceat eos dignare, duntaxat non inter distributionem. Si exempli gratia biocolyta in veste officii excipit iactum monitionis collegae suae ore caperrato aureque clausum tento, praeclare absurdum est.|2=Sven Felix Kellerhoff, welt.de&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.welt.de/print/die_welt/vermischtes/article108828096/Die-Eifel-Deutschlands-bester-Tatort.html welt.de: Die Eifel - Deutschlands bester Tatort. Endlich läuft die neue Staffel der ARD-Serie &quot;Mord mit Aussicht&quot;] (videtum die 30 Decembris 2013)&lt;/ref&gt;}} 

== Nota ==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Series televisificae]]
[[Categoria:Programmata televisifica 2008]]
[[Categoria:Colonia Agrippina]]
[[Categoria:Incepta 2008]]
[[Categoria:Rhenania Septentrionalis-Vestfalia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Katjuša</title>
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      <text bytes="1574" sha1="2eqbkhs40qogkjnbuheen8c24fwx24g" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Katyusha Rocket Launcher - Artillery Museum - St. Petersburg - Russia.jpg|thumb|300px]]

'''''Katjuša''''' ([[Russice]] Катюша, [[pronuntiatus Russicus]] [kɐˈtʲʉʂə], est forma diminutiva nominis [[Catharina]]&lt;ref&gt;Saepe de {{Creanda|ru|Катюша (песня)|Katjuša (cantilena)|cantilena notissima}} [[Matthaeus Blanter|Matthaei Blanter]] et [[Michael Isakovskij|Michaelis Isakovskij]], cuius versio Latina [https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/auditiunculae/episodes/2019-05-25T03_21_38-07_00 hic] inveniri potest, nominari putatur.&lt;/ref&gt;) [[tormenta rochetarum]] est, in [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum|Unione Sovietica]] aedificata et ab [[annus|anno]] [[1939]] ad hodiernum adhibita, et primum in [[Bellum Magnum Patrium|Bello Magno Patrio]] (Fronte Orientali [[Secundum bellum mundanum|Secundi Belli Mundani]]) adhibita.

[[Fasciculus:RIAN archive 303890 A battery of Katyusha during the 1941-1945 Great Patriotic War.jpg|thumb|300px|left|[[Cohors tormentaria]] ''Katjuša'' in vires [[Germania|Germanicas]] iaculatur in [[Pugna Stalingradensis|Pugna Stalingradensi]] [[Bellum Magnum Patrium|Magni Belli Patrii]] (Frontis Orientalis [[Secundum Bellum Mundanum|Secundi Belli Mundani]] die [[6 Octobris]] [[1942]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Katyusha rockets closeup.jpg|thumb|300px|Despectus propinquus ''BM-13 Katjuša'' in [[ZIS-6]].]]

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Katyusha|''Katjušam''}}

[[Categoria:Arma nociva]]
[[Categoria:Bellum Magnum Patrium]]
[[Categoria:Unio Sovietica]]

{{mili-stipula}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Pattaya</title>
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      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Pattaya Thailand skyline photo D Ramey Logan.jpg]] → [[File:Pattaya Thailand skyline photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg]] [[c:Special:PermanentLink/1232765674#Mass_rename_requested]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="2537" sha1="ekiypz34u5ff49hwow7ocx14v2o2uuf" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
{{Vicificanda}}
'''''Pattaya''''' ([[Thailandice]]: พัทยา, [pʰát.tʰā.jāː]) [[urbs]] [[Thailandia]]e est. Hodie circa 104 318 incolae illic habitant.

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Santuaryoftruth2.jpg|[[Sanctuarium Veritatis]], [[templum]].
Fasciculus:Nong Noogh Garden(1).jpg|[[Hortus Botanicus Tropicus Nong Nooch]].
Fasciculus:Pattaya-Koh Larn ferry.JPG|''[[Pattaya-Koh Larn]]'', [[navis]] populum transportare.
Fasciculus:Northpoint Pattaya.jpg|[[Punctum Septentrionale (caeliscalpium)|Punctum Septentrionale]].
Fasciculus:Million Years Stone Park Pattaya.jpg|[[Viridarium Lapideum Annorum Millionum &amp; Ager Crocodilum Pattaya|Horti Lapidei Annorum Millionum &amp; Ager Crocodilum ''Pattaya'']].
Fasciculus:Pattaya sunset-KayEss-1.jpeg|[[Solis occasus]] ex [[ora]] visus.
Fasciculus:Pattaya Park Tower.jpg|[[Viridarium Turris Pattaya|Viridarium Turris ''Pattaya'']].
Fasciculus:Big Buddha in Pattaya.jpg|Magnus [[Buddha]] super [[scalae|scalas]].
Fasciculus:Walking Street, Pattaya, Thailand.jpg|''[[Walking Street (Pattaya)|Walking Street]]'' [[nox|nocte]] visum, locus ''Pattaya'' primum [[vita nocturna|vitae nocturnae]] notum et plures ''[[go go bar]]s'', [[lupanar]]ia, [[meretrix|meretrices]], [[popina]]e, [[deverticulum nocturnum|deverticula nocturna]], et cetera, habet.
Fasciculus:Pattaya Thailand skyline photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg|[[Linea caelestis]].
Fasciculus:PATTAYA CITY PIER THAILAND JAN 2012 (6859533000).jpg|[[navis|Naves]] in [[portus|portu]].
Pattaya Beach, Beach Road, Thailand.jpg
Pattaya Bay, Pattaya Beach, Boats, Thailand.jpg
Pattaya Bay, Vista, Thailand.jpg 
Pattaya Bay, Restaurant 2, Thailand.jpg
Pattaya Beach, Thai street musicians, Street music, Thailand.jpg
Pattaya Music Festival, Performance on stage.jpg
Pattaya Music Festival, Christopher Lawrence.jpg
Pattaya, Thailand, M-150 energy drink promo.jpg
Pattaya Music Festival, People in the club.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{fontes geographici}}
{{CommuniaCat|Pattaya|''Pattaya''}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061205054631/http://pattaya.go.th/ Situs officialis] {{ling|Thailandice|Anglice|Russice|Sinice|Arabice}}

{{Panorama
|image = Fasciculus:Pattaya Bay Panorama.jpg
|height = 300
|caption = Area Litoris ''Pattaya'', una [[Asia]]e [[locus visitationum|loci visitationum]] [[ora]]ris maximi et secundum visitatissimum [[Thailandia]]e post illum [[Bancocum|Bancoco]]. Hic [[prospectus]] ''Bali Hai pier'' et [[cor]] [[urbs|urbis]] monstrat.
}}

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Pattaya|!]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Magna Excitatio Prima</title>
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      <text bytes="10029" sha1="pffln0lj8wl9ka49pn3fviojqjubjig" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Jonathan Edwards.jpg|thumb|[[Ionathan Edwards]], unus ex ducibus Magnae Excitationis Primae.]]
'''Magna Excitatio Prima''',{{Convertimus}} [[Anglice]] ''First Great Awakening'', fuit motus redintegrationis [[Christianitas|Christianae]] qui [[Europa]]m [[Protestans|Protestantem]] et [[America Britannica|Americam Britannicam]] adfecit, praecipue [[Tredecim Coloniae|colonias Americanas]] inter [[1730]] at [[1750]], [[religio]]nem [[America]]nam perpetuo mutans. Consecutus est hic motus praedicationem potentem quae auditoribus sensum instillavit altissimae revelationis [[persona]]lis eorum necessitatis [[salus|salutis]] per [[Iesus Christus|Iesum Christum]] effectae. Motus, se ex [[ritus|ritibus]] et caerimoniis avellens, [[Christianitas|Christianitatem]] acriter personalem inter homines mediocres per altum convictionis spiritualis et [[redemptio (theologia)|redemptionis]] sensum nutritum fecit, et hominibus ipsos se inspicere et se novis [[mos|morum]] normis obligare suasit.&lt;ref&gt;Thomas S. Kidd, ''The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America'' (2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

Motus eventus maximi momenti in [[Nova Anglia]] fuit, qui auctoritatem institutam provocavit et malevolentiam instigavit inter [[traditionalismus (religion)|traditionalistas]] veteres, qui usitatos [[ritus]] et [[doctrina]]s conservare volebant, et [[redintegratio Christianal|redintegrationistas]] novos, qui effectum [[animi motus]] et convictionem [[persona]]lem suadebant. Magnos habuit effectus, [[Ecclesia Congregationalis|Ecclesiam Congregationalem]], [[Ecclesia Presbyteriana|Ecclesiam Presybterianam]], [[Ecclesia Refecta in America|Nederlandicam Ecclesiam Refectam]], et [[Germanica Ecclesia Refecta|Germanicam Ecclesiam Refectam]] reficiens, ac [[Baptistae|Baptistas]] et [[Methodismus|Anglicanos Methodisticos]] confirmans. Vix autem plurimos [[Anglicani|Anglicanos]] et [[Tremebundus|Tremebundos]] adfecit.&lt;ref&gt;Sydney E. Ahlstrom, ''A Religious History of the American People'' (1972), 280–330.&lt;/ref&gt; In nonnullis locis, Christianitatem [[servitus in Civitatibus Foederatis|servis Africanis]] tulit.

Magna Excitatio Prima, [[Magna Excitatio Secunda|Magnae Excitationis Secundae]] dissimilis, quae circa [[1800]] coepit et [[homines extra ecclesiam]]&lt;!--?the [[unchurched]]--&gt; attigit, homines excitavit qui socii ecclesiae iam fuerunt, et quorum [[ritus]], [[pietas|pietatem]], et [[cognitio]] sui mutavit. Ad evangelicas [[Reformatio|Reformationis Protestantis]] postulationes, Christiani Americani [[saeculum 18|saeculi duodevicensimi]] addere coeperunt divinas [[Spiritus Sanctus|Spiritus Sancti]] manifestationes et conversiones quae ardentem [[Deus|Dei]] [[amor]]em in fidelibus novis inseverunt. [[Conventus redintegrationis]] haec signa repraesentaverunt, et [[evangelicalismus|evangelicalismum]] nuper creatum in prima [[respublica|republica]] sparserunt.&lt;ref&gt;Harry Stout, ''The Divine Dramatist: George Whitefield and the Rise of Modern Evangelicalism'' (1991).&lt;/ref&gt;

==Effectus inter civitates externas==
Redintegratio evangelica multas [[civitas|civitates]] tetigit, imprimis civitates [[Europa]]eas plerumque Protestantis. Responsum fidelium qui templis [[Bristolium|Bristolii]] et [[Londinium|Londinii]] anno [[1737]] aderant, et [[carbo]]nariorum in [[Kingswood (Glocestria Meridiana)|Kingswood]], [[gena|genis]] lineis a [[lacrima|lacrimis]] sub contiones [[Georgius Whitefield|Georgii Whitefield]] anno [[1739]] distinctis,&lt;ref&gt;John Gillies, ''Memoirs of George Whitefield'' (Hunt &amp; Co., 1841), 38-39.&lt;/ref&gt; initium excitationis Anglicae fuit. [[Historicus]] [[Sydney E. Ahlstrom]] motum partem &quot;magni tumultus Protestantis internationalis&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[[Anglice]]: &quot;great international Protestant upheaval.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; appellat, quod [[Pietismus|Pietismum]] in [[Germania]], et [[Evangelicalismus|Redintegrationem Evangelicam]] ac [[Ecclesiae Methodistae|Methodismum]] in [[Anglia]] etiam genuit.&lt;ref&gt;Ahlstrom p. 263.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Redintegratio Christiana|Redintegratio]], gravis Magnae Excitationis pars, tertio [[decennium|decennio]] [[saeculum 17|saeculi septimi decimi]] coepit, in [[Scotia]] inter [[Presbyterianismus|Presbyterianos]], et [[praedicator itinerans|praedicatores itinerantes]] vehementius dixit.&lt;ref&gt;Howard C. Kee et al., ''Christianity: A Social and Cultural History,'' ed. 2a (Upper Saddle River Novae Caesatrae: Prentice Hall, 1998), 412.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;!--PLUS IN EN:--&gt;

{{NexInt}}
*[[Magna Excitatio]]
*[[Magna Excitatio Secunda]]
*[[Philosophia Americana]]
*[[Redintegratio Christiana]]

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

==Bibliographia==
===Studia academica===
*Ahlstrom, Sydney E. [[1972]]. ''A Religious History of the American People.'' ISBN 0385111649.
*Bonomi, Patricia U. [[1988]]. ''Under the Cope of Heaven: Religion, Society, and Politics in Colonial America.'' Oxford University Press.
*Bumsted, J. M. [[1976]]. ''&quot;What Must I Do to Be Saved?&quot;: The Great Awakening in Colonial America.'' Thomson Publishing. ISBN 0030866510.
*Butler, Jon. [[1990]]. ''Awash in a Sea of Faith: Christianizing the American People.''
*Conforti, Joseph A. [[1995]]. ''Jonathan Edwards, Religious Tradition and American Culture.'' University of North Carolina Press.
*Fisher, Linford D. [[2012]]. ''The Indian Great Awakening: Religion and the Shaping of Native Cultures in Early America.'' Oxford University Press.
*Gaustad, Edwin S. [[1957]]. ''The Great Awakening in New England.''
*Gaustad, Edwin S. [[1954]]. The Theological Effects of the Great Awakening in New England. ''The Mississippi Valley Historical Review'' 40(4):681–706. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1895863 in JSTOR]
*Goen, C. C. [[1987]]. ''Revivalism and Separatism in New England, 1740–1800: Strict Congregationalists and Separate Baptists in the Great Awakening.'' Wesleyan University Press. ISBN 0819561339.
*Hatch, Nathan O. [[1989]]. ''The Democratization of American Christianity.''
*Heimert, Alan. [[1966]]. ''Religion and the American Mind: From the Great Awakening to the Revolution.''
*Isaac,  Rhys. [[1982]]. ''The Transformation of Virginia, 1740–1790.''
*Kidd, Thomas S. [[2009]]. ''The Great Awakening: The Roots of Evangelical Christianity in Colonial America.'' ISBN 0300158467.
*Kidd, Thomas S. [[2010]]. ''God of Liberty: A Religious History of the American Revolution.''
*Lambert, Frank. [[1994]]. ''Pedlar in Divinity: George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals.''
*Lambert, Frank. [[1995]]. The First Great Awakening: Whose Interpretive Fiction? ''The New England Quarterly'' 68(4):650.
*Lambert, Frank. [[1999]]. ''Inventing the &quot;Great Awakening.&quot;''
* McLoughlin, William G. [[1978]]. ''Revivals, Awakenings, and Reform: An Essay on Religion and Social Change in America, 1607–1977.''
*Schmidt, Leigh Eric. [[2001]]. ''Holy Fairs: Scotland and the Making of American Revivalism.''
*Schmotter, James W. [[1979]]. The Irony of Clerical Professionalism: New England's Congregational Ministers and the Great Awakening. ''American Quarterly'' 31 [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2712305 JSTOR.]
*Stout, Harry. [[1991]]. ''The Divine Dramatist: George Whitefield and the Rise of Modern Evangelicalism.''

===Historiographia===
*Butler, Jon. [[1982]]. Enthusiasm Described and Decried: The Great Awakening as Interpretative Fiction. ''Journal of American History'' 69:305–325. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/1893821 JSTOR.]
*Goff, Philip. [[1998]]. Revivals and Revolution: Historiographic Turns since Alan Heimert's Religion and the American Mind. ''Church History'' 67(4):695–721. ISSN 0009-6407. [http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=97803587 Textus.]
*McLoughlin, William G. [[1967]]. Essay Review: The American Revolution as a Religious Revival: &quot;The Millennium in One Country.&quot; ''New England Quarterly'' 40(1):99–110 [http://www.jstor.org/pss/363855 JSTOR.]

===Fontes primarii===
*Davies, Samuel. [[1845]], [[1967]] ''Sermons on Important Subjects.'' Ed. Albert Barnes. 3 vol.
*Edwards, Jonathan. [[1972]]. ''The Great-Awakening: A Faithful Narrative'' Ed. C. Goen. Yale University Press. ISBN 0300014376.
*Gillies, John. [[1834]]. ''Memoirs of Rev. George Whitefield.'' Portu Novo: Whitmore and Buckingham, et H. Mansfield.
*Heimert, Alan, et Perry Miller, eds. [[1967]]. ''The Great Awakening: Documents Illustrating the Crisis and Its Consequences.''
*Jarratt, Devereux. [[1969]]. ''The Life of the Reverend Devereux Jarratt.'' Religion in America, ed. Edwin S. Gaustad. Novi Eboraci: Arno.
*Whitefield, George. [[1960]]. ''George Whitefield's Journals.'' Ed. Iain Murray. Londinii: Banner of Truth Trust.
*Whitefield, George. [[1976]]. ''Letters of George Whitefield.'' Ed. S. M. Houghton. Edimburgi: Banner of Truth Trust.

==Nexus externi==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101012095714/http://edsitement.neh.gov//view_lesson_plan.asp?id=698 Curriculum de Magna Excitatione Prima,] edsitement.neh.gov
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140328023321/http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5711  &quot;The Great Awakening Comes to Weathersfield, Connecticut: Nathan Cole's Spiritual Travels,&quot;] historymatters.gmu.edu
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140328030237/http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5788  &quot;I Believe It Is Because I Am a Poor Indian,&quot;] historymatters.gmu.edu (biographia [[Samson Occom|Samsonis Occom]], ministri Indiani)
*[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/85bellamy/85bellamy.htm &quot;The Joseph Bellamy House: The Great Awakening in Puritan New England,&quot;] www.nps.gov&lt;!--National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places lesson plan--&gt;
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080920201013/http://edwards.yale.edu/images/pdf/sinners.pdf &quot;Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,&quot;] edwards.yale.edu (homilia [[Ionatan Edwards|Ionatanae Edwards]])

[[Categoria:Divisiones Christianorum]]
[[Categoria:Historia Coloniarum Tredecim]]
[[Categoria:Historia Novae Angliae]]
[[Categoria:Historia religionis in Civitatibus Foederatis]]
[[Categoria:Religiones Civitatum Foederatarum]]&lt;!--
[[Category:18th-century Christianity|*]]
[[Category:Christian terms]]--&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Massy (Exona)</title>
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      <text bytes="890" sha1="injqu1pbk4cuvcj3ofqoftrfwe7b9eo" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Massy_Vilmorin.JPG|thumb|250 px|Massy: urbis regio Vilmorin]]
[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 91377.png|thumb|left|250px|Massy: communis tabula]]

'''Massy''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 43'524 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Exona (praefectura Franciae)|Exonae]] in regione [[Insula Franciae]].

{{NexInt}}

* [[Index communium praefecturae Exonae|Indicem communium praefecturae Exonae]]

== Nexus externi ==

{{CommuniaCat|Massy (Essonne)|Massy}}

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070217053342/http://www.ville-massy.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis]
* {{INSEE commune|91377|de=Massy}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=21563 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Exonae]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Exonae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mons Garius</title>
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      <text bytes="1823" sha1="l6sb7ds0u1qq9hi4a3sb26cgwbz5s4p" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}
'''Mons Garius'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.italiapedia.it/comune-di-montegrino-valtravaglia_Storia-012-103 www.italiapedia.it]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; (alia nomina&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304131319/http://comune.montegrino-valtravaglia.va.it/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=15:la-storia-di-bosco-e-montegrino&amp;catid=3:storia&amp;Itemid=3 www.comune.montegrino-valtravaglia.va.it]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305171745/http://www.guidacomuni.it/storia.asp?ID=12103 www.guidacomuni.it]&lt;/ref&gt;: ''Mons Garius Vallis Travalliae''; olim: ''Mons Agarinus'', ''Mons Agarenus)'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montegrino Valtravaglia|Montegrino Valtravaglia]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 1&amp;thinsp;416 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Langobardia]] et in [[Provincia Varisiensis|Provincia Varisiensi]] situm. Incolae ''Monsgarienses, Monsgagarinenses'' appellantur.

== Insigne ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]''
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Geographia ==
* [[Vallis Travallia]]

== Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio ==
== Municipia finitima ==

{{NexInt}}
* [[Langobardia]] (''regio''),
* [[Provincia Varisiensis]],
* [[Baretium]] (''urbs''),
* [[Municipium Italiae]].

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://www.comune.montegrino-valtravaglia.va.it/ Situs publicus]
{{CommuniaCat|Montegrino Valtravaglia|Montem Garium}}

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Fasciculus:Map of comune of Montegrino Valtravaglia (province of Varese, region Lombardy, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Varisiensi.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{urbs-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Baretii]]
[[Categoria:Vallis Travallia]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mantet</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>243453</id>
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[[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 66102.png|250 px|left|thumb|Mantet: communis tabula]]

'''Mantet''' ([[Catalane]] ''Mentet'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 31 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Pyrenaeus Orientalis|Pyrenaei Orientalis]] in regione australi [[Occitania et Ruscino]]ne (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Occitania Ruscino Meridianum et Pyrenaei|Occitania Ruscinone Meridiano et Pyrenaeis]]).

{{NexInt}}

* [[Index communium praefecturae Pyrenaei Orientalis|Indicem communium praefecturae Pyrenaei Orientalis]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Mantet|Mantet}}

* {{INSEE commune|66102|de=Mantet}}
* [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=23329 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140303074044/http://jrigoli.free.fr/Histoiredemantet Huius communis historia]
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Pyrenaeorum orientalium]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Pyrenaeorum orientalium]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Moles Hooverana</title>
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      <text bytes="15728" sha1="7ceangzjq2v3mklsdew187fh4m32jzs" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Ansel Adams - National Archives 79-AAB-01.jpg|thumb|350px|Moles Hooverana. [[Photographema]] ab [[Ansel Adams]] factum, [[1942]].]]
'''Moles Hooverana,''' olim '''Moles Boulderana''' appellata, est [[moles arcuata et gravitationalis]] in [[Valles Atra Colorati|Valle Atra]] [[Coloratum Flumen|Colorati Fluminis]], secundum fines [[Civitatum Foederatarum civitas|civitatum]] [[Arizona]]e et [[Nivata]]e sita. Ex [[concretum|concreto]] constructa est ab anno [[1931]] ad [[1936]] per [[depressio oeconomica magna|Magnam Depressionem Oeconomicam]] et dicata est die [[30 Septembris]] [[1935]] a [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum|Praeside]] [[Franklinius Delano Roosevelt|Franklinio D. Roosevelt]]. Constructio fuit eventus nisus magni, qui [[milia]] opificum et operariorum poposcit, ac morte hominum plus quam [[centum]] constitit. [[Moles]] ex [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum|Praeside]] [[Herbertus Hoover|Herberto Hoover]] in controversia appellata est.

Ex circa [[1900]], Valles Atra et [[Valles Boulderana]] propinqua investigatae erant ob earum facultatem molis sustinendae quae [[inundatio|diluvia]] contineret, [[aqua]]m [[irrigatio]]nis praeberet, et [[energia hydroelectrica|energiam hydroelectricam]] generaret. Tandem anno [[1928]], [[Congressus Civitatum Foederatarum|Congressus]] propositum sanxit. Licitatio selecta a consortio [[Six Companies, Inc.]] appellato relata est, quod molem construere coepit anno [[1931]] ineunte. Structura concreta talis [[magnitudo|magnitudinis]] numquam exstructa erat, nonnullaeque ex technicis rationibus nondum probabantur. Torridum [[aestas|aestatis]] [[status caeli|caelum]] et inopia amoenitatum et commodorum prope locum etiam difficultates erant. Nihilominus, Six Companies molem [[rectio|reipublicae foederali]] die [[1 Martii]] [[1936]] tradidit, plus quam duos annos ante tempus.
[[Fasciculus:Hoover-dam-site.jpg|thumb|Conspectus fluviatilis in situm Molis Hooveranae, circa [[1904]].]]
[[Fasciculus:HooverDamJumboRig.jpg|thumb|Operarii in &quot;Jumbo Rig,&quot; ad specus Molis Hooveranae terebrandos.]]
[[Fasciculus:&quot;Apache Indians employed as high-scalers on the construction of Hoover Dam.&quot; - NARA - 293746.tif|thumb|[[Indi Americani|Indi]] [[Apache]] ut alti ascenditores per Molem Hooveranam constructam.]]
[[Fasciculus:HooverDamHighScaler.jpg|thumb|Despectus in altos ascenditores supra [[Coloratum Flumen]].]]
[[Fasciculus:Damforms.jpg|thumb|Columnae Molis Hooveranae [[concretum|concreto]] implentur. Despectus adverso flumine ex margine [[Nivata]]e, Februario [[1934]].]]&lt;!--
[[Fasciculus:Damupstream.jpg|thumb|The upstream face of Hoover Dam slowly disappears as Lake Mead fills, May 1935 (looking downstream from the Arizona rim)]]
[[Fasciculus:HansenHooverMemorial.jpg|thumb|[[Oskar J. W. Hansen]]'s memorial at the dam which reads in part &quot;They died to make the desert bloom.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;USBR, Hover Artwork&quot; /&gt;]]
[[Fasciculus:Hoover Dam and Arizona Spillway, 1983.jpg|thumb|Water enters the Arizona spillway (left) per [[inundatio]]nes anni [[1983]]. Lake Mead water level was 1225.6 ft]]--&gt; 
Moles Hooverana [[Lacus Mead|Lacum Mead]] imponit, maximum [[lacus|lacum artificiosum]]&lt;!--reservoir--&gt; in [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] per [[volumen]] patens.&lt;ref name =&quot;USBR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.usbr.gov/tsc/eco_research/eco5.html|title=Reservoir Monitoring &amp; Research|work=usbr.gov}}.&lt;/ref&gt; Moles prope [[Urbs Boulderana|Urbem Boulderanam]] [[Nivata]]e sita est, [[municipium]] primum pro operariis propositi constructionis creatum, circa 30 [[mille passuum|miliae passuum]] ad meridiorientem [[Campi|Camporum]] [[Nivata]]e situm. Electricae molis generatores [[energia]]m [[utilitas|utilitatibus]] publicae et privatae in [[Nivata]], [[Arizona]], et [[California]] praebent. Moles Hooverana est maior illecebra [[periegesis]], quam paene [[millio]] hominum quotannis visunt. Strata autocinetica [[CFA 93|93]], magno in usu, iugum molis peragrabat usque ad Octobrem 2010, cum [[Circuitus Molis Hooveranae]]&lt;!--H. Dam Bypass--&gt; se panderet.

==Notae==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot;&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!--
&lt;ref name=&quot;powerfaq&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Frequently Asked Questions: Hydropower
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/faqs/powerfaq.html
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;nhlsum&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Hoover Dam
| work = National Historic Landmark summary listing
| publisher = National Park Service
| url = http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1836&amp;ResourceType=Structure
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;nrhp&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Inventory-Nomination form: Hoover Dam
| work = National Register of Historic Places
| publisher = National Park Service
| url = http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/81000382.pdf
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;usbrfaq&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Lower Colorado Bureau of Reclamation: Hoover Dam, Facts and Figures
| work = FAQ
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/brochures/faq.html
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;hovtun&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Tunnels
| work = Essays
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/tunnels.html
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;USBR, Cofferdams&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Cofferdams
| work = Essays
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/coffer.html
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;USBR, High Scalers&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = High Scalers
| work = Essays
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/hscaler.html
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;USBR, Hover Artwork&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Artwork
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| work = Essays
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/artwork.html
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;blf1&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/fatal.html
| title = Fatalities
| work = Essays
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;I&amp;T-2010.V25.2&quot;&gt;
Denton, Sally. &quot;Hoover's Promise: The Dam That Remade The American West Celebrates Its 75th Anniversary&quot;, ''American Heritage's [[Invention &amp; Technology]]'', Summer 2010, Vol.25, No.2, pp.14–25. Quote, p.22: &quot;In one five day period alone, 14 workers died from heat prostration.&quot;
&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;Rhinehart 2004&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| first = Julian
| last = Rhinehart
| date = September 10, 2004
| title = The Grand Dam
| work = Articles
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/articles/rhinehart1.html
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;USBR, Chronology&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Chronology
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| work = Articles
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/articles/chrono.html
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;A2Z Las Vegas, Hoover&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| publisher = Charleston Communications, A2Z Las Vegas
| title = Hoover Dam and Lake Mead
| work = Las Vegas Online Entertainment Guide
| url = http://www.a2zlasvegas.com/otherside/sights/hoover.html
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;USBR, Hoover Dam and Powerplant&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Hoover Dam and Powerplant
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| work = Brochures
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/pao/brochures/hoover.html
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;recspi&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Spillways
| work = Essays
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/History/essays/spillways.html
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;USBR, Crossing Hoover&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Crossing Hoover Dam: A Guide for Motorists
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/crossingguide.pdf
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
 
&lt;ref name=&quot;Hansen 2010-10-20&quot;&gt;
{{cite news
| last = Hansen
| first = Kyle
| date = October 20, 2010
| title = Hoover Dam bypass bridge finally opens
| agency = AP
| publisher = msnbc
| url = http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39760784/ns/travel-destination_travel/
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;hdbfaq&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Frequently Asked Questions
| publisher = Hoover Dam Bypass
| url = http://www.hooverdambypass.org/faq.htm
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;USBR, Hoover Tour&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Hoover Tour information
| publisher = Bureau of Reclamation
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/service/index.html
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Burns 2001&quot;&gt;
{{cite book
| first1 = William C. G.
| last1 = Burns
| title = The World's Water, 2002–2003: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources
| publisher = Vasingtoniae: Island Press
| year = 2001
| page = 139
| isbn = 9781559639491
| url= http://books.google.com/?id=hFkvJekTJ9wC&amp;lpg=PA133&amp;dq=%22hoover%20dam%22%20%22colorado%20river%20delta%22&amp;pg=PA139
}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;FWS, Colorado River Recovery&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program
| publisher = US Fish and Wildlife Service
| url = http://www.fws.gov/ColoradoRiverrecovery
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;USBR, Boulder Canyon Project Act&quot;&gt;
{{cite web
| title = Boulder Canyon Project Act
| date = 21 Decembris 1928
| url = http://www.usbr.gov/lc/region/g1000/pdfiles/bcpact.pdf
}}
&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Lien-Mager 2011&quot;&gt;
{{cite news
| last = Lien-Mager
| first = Lisa
| date = 20 Decembris 2011
| title = President signs Hoover Dam Power Allocation Act
| work = ACWA News
| publisher = Association of California Water Agencies
| url=http://www.acwa.com/news/federal-relations/president-signs-hoover-dam-power-allocation-act
}}&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Bartojay, Katie, et Joy Westin. [[1020]]. Long-Term Properties of Hoover Dam Mass Concrete. In ''Hoover Dam 75th Anniversary History Symposium,'' ed. Richard L. Wiltshire, David R. Gilbert, et Jerry R. Rogers, 74–84. Campis: American Society of Civil Engineers. ISBN 9780784411414.
*Bureau of Reclamation. [[2006]]. ''Reclamation: Managing Water in the West: Hoover Dam.'' US Department of the Interior.
*Cohn, Jeffrey. [[2001]]. Resurrecting the Dammed: A Look at Colorado River Restoration. ''BioScience'' 51(12):998–1003. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0998:RTDALA]2.0.CO;2 (situs venalis).
*Dunar, Andrew J., et Dennis McBride. [[1993]], [[2001]]. ''Building Hoover Dam: An Oral History of the Great Depression.'' Reno Nivatae: University of Nevada Press. ISBN 9780874174892.
*Fiedler, William R.[[2010]]. Performance of Spillway Structures Using Hoover Dam Spillways as a Benchmark. In ''Hoover Dam 75th Anniversary History Symposium,'' ed. Richard L. Wiltshire, David R. Gilbert, et Jerry R. Rogers, 267–287. Campis: American Society of Civil Engineers. ISBN 9780784411414.
*Glenn, Edward P., Christopher Lee, Richard Felger, et Scott Zengel. [[1996]]. Effects of Water Management on the Wetlands of the Colorado River Delta, Mexico. ''Conservation Biology'' 10(4):1175–1186. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041175.x. JSTOR 2387153 (situs venalis).
*Hiltzik, Michael A. [[2010]]. '' Colossus: Hoover Dam and the Making of the American Century.'' Novi Eboraci: Free Press. ISBN 9781416532163.
*Minckley, W. L., Paul C. Marsh, James E. Deacon, Thomas E. Dowling, Philip W. Hedrick, William J. Matthews, et Gordon Mueller. [[2003]]. A Conservation Plan for Native Fishes of the Lower Colorado River. ''BioScience'' 53(3):219–234. ISSN 00063568. doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0219:ACPFNF]2.0.CO;2 [situs venalis].
*Rodriguez, C. A., K. W. Flessa, M. S. Téllez-Duarte, D. L. Dettman, et G. A. Ávila-Serrano. [[2001]]. Macrofaunal and isotopic estimates of the former extent of the Colorado River estuary, upper Gulf of California, México. ''Journal of Arid Environments'' 49:183–193. doi:10.1006/jare.2001.0845. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100723234005/http://www.geo.arizona.edu/ceam/RodriguezArid.pdf PDF.]
*Rogers, J. David. [[2005]]. ''Hoover Dam: Grout Curtain Failure and Lessons Learned in Site Characterization.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20110921151521/http://web.mst.edu/~rogersda/hoover_dam/Grout%20Curtain%20Failure-Hoover%20Dam.pdf PDF, 22 Septembris.]
*Rogers, J. David. [[2010]]. Hoover Dam: Evolution of the Dam's Design. In ''Hoover Dam 75th Anniversary History Symposium,'' ed. Richard L. Wiltshire, David R. Gilbert, et Jerry R. Rogers, 85–123. Campis: American Society of Civil Engineers. ISBN 9780784411414.
*Schmidt, John C., Robert H. Webb, Richard A. Valdez, G. Richard Marzolf, et Lawrence E. Stevens. [[ 1998]]. Science and Values in River Restoration in the Grand Canyon. ''BioScience'' 48(9):735–774. doi:10.2307/1313336. JSTOR 1313336.
*Stevens, Joseph E. [[1988]]. ''Hoover Dam: An American Adventure.''  Normanniae: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806122830.
*''The Story of the Hoover Dam.'' [[2006]]. Campis: Nevada Publications, Inc. 9780913814796.
*True, Jere, et Victoria Tupper Kirby. [[2009]]. ''Allen Tupper True: An American Artist.'' Franciscopoli: Canyon Leap. ISBN 9780981723815.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Hoover Dam, Colorado River|Molem Hooveranam}}
*[http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam Situs proprius,] www.usbr.gov 
*[http://www.constructioncompany.com/historic-construction-projects/hoover-dam &quot;Historic Construction Company Project: Hoover Dam,&quot;] www.constructioncompany.com&lt;!--
*{{HAER |survey=NV-27 |id=nv0244 |title=Hoover Dam, Spanning Colorado River at Route 93, Boulder City, Clark County, NV |photos=45 |data=228 |cap=8}}--&gt;
*{{Structurae |id=s0000136 |title=Hoover Dam}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20101013223600/http://1st100.com/part1/crowe.html &quot;Frank Crowe: Builder of Hoover Dam,&quot;] www.1st100.com
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130524113953/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/hoover/player/ ''Hoover Dam: An American Experience Documentary,''] www.pbs.org
*[http://www.bcmha.org Situs proprius,] www.bcmha.org (Museum Molis Hooveranae)
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20151114073309/http://thenedscottarchive.com/galleries/boulder-dam.html Photographemata prisca Molis Hooveranae,] thenedscottarchive.com
*[http://mashable.com/2015/09/11/hoover-dam-construction/#qYvHIkZtGkkR Photographemata prisca per Molem Hooveranam constructam capta,] mashable.com&lt;!--
*{{Internet Archive short film|id=tmp_BoulderD_2|name=&quot;Boulder Dam&quot;}}
*{{Internet Archive short film|id=BoulderD1931|name=&quot;Boulder Dam (Part I) (1931)}}
*{{Internet Archive short film|id=BoulderD1931_2 |name=&quot;Boulder Dam (Parts III and IV) (1931)&quot;}}
*{{Internet Archive short film|id=gov.archives.arc.37058|name=&quot;The story of Hoover Dam&quot;}}--&gt;

{{Myrias|Technologia}}

[[Categoria:Arizona]]&lt;!--en:Dams in Arizona--&gt;
[[Categoria:Confecta 1936]]
[[Categoria:Moles]]
[[Categoria:Nivata]]
[[Categoria:Opera terrestria Civitatum Foederatarum]]
&lt;!--en:Dams in Nevada--&gt;&lt;!--
[[Category:Art Deco architecture in Arizona]]
[[Category:PWA Moderne architecture]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Clark County, Nevada]]
[[Category:Dams on the Colorado River]]
[[Category:Dams on the National Register of Historic Places in Nevada]]
[[Category:Arch-gravity dams]]
[[Category:Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks]]
[[Category:Hydroelectric power plants in Arizona]]
[[Category:Hydroelectric power plants in Nevada]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Mohave County, Arizona]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in Arizona]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in Nevada]]
[[Category:Buildings and monuments honoring American Presidents]]
[[Category:Engineering projects]]
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Mohave County, Arizona]]
[[Category:U.S. Route 93]]
[[Category:United States Bureau of Reclamation dams]]
[[Category:Visitor attractions in Clark County, Nevada]]
[[Category:Dams completed in 1936]]
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 1939]]
[[Category:Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Nevada]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Arizona]]--&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mauritius Milani</title>
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'''Mauritius Milani''' (vulgo ''Maurizio Milani''; natus '''Carolus Barcellesi''' die [[20 Maii]] [[1961]] [[Cothoneum|Cothonei]] [[Italia]]e) est [[histrio]] [[comicus]] et [[scriptor]] [[Italia|Italicus]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2014/01/12/maurizio-milani-non-esiste-esiste-quello-che.html Maurizio Milani non esiste. Esiste quello che fa il cretino per far innamorare le impiegate della sua banca]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Biographia ==

Natus [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] anno [[1961]], in [[Cothoneum|Cothoneo]] (ubi familia eius vivit) studuit; prior labor eius sicut actor anno [[1987]] fuit.

In diariis ''Il Foglio'' et ''Libero'' scribit, et etiam libri satirae edidit.

== Televisio ==

* [[1993]], ''Letti Gemelli''
* [[1992]], ''Su la testa!'' ([[Rai 3]])
* [[1993]], ''Cielito lindo'' (Rai 3)
* [[1997]]-[[1998|98]], ''Scatafascio'' (Italia 1)
* [[1998]]-[[1999|99]]
** ''Comici'' (Italia 1)
** ''Facciamo cabaret'' (Italia 1)
* [[2003]]-[[2008|08]], ''Che tempo che fa''' ([[Rai 3]])

== Thetrum ==
* [[1992]], ''Un uomo da badile''
* [[1993]], ''Piacenza''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20081224133138/http://www.apriteilsipario.it/archivio/panoramica93-94/panoramica93-94.htm Locandina della stagione '93-'94]&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[1995]], ''Animale da fosso''
* [[1995]], ''Il Circo di Paolo Rossi''
* [[1998]], ''Il pubblico all'uscita si lamenta''

== Libri ==

* [[1994]], ''Animale da fosso'', Bompiani
* [[1996]], ''Un uomo da badile'', Baldini&amp;Castoldi
* [[1998]], ''Vantarsi, bere liquori, illudere la donna'', Baldini&amp;Castoldi
* [[2003]], ''La donna quando non capisce s'innamora'', Kowalski
* [[2005]], ''In amore la donna vuol tribolare'', Kowalski
* [[2006]], ''L'uomo che pesava i cani'', Kowalski
* [[2007]], ''Del perché l'economia africana non è mai decollata'', Kowalski
* [[2010]], ''Mi sono iscritto nel registro degli indagati'', Rizzoli
* [[2011]], ''Chi ha ciulato la Corrente del Golfo?'', Aliberti
* [[2012]], ''Fidanzarsi non conviene'', Barbera
* [[2013]], ''Uomini che piangono per niente'', [Rizzoli
* [[2014]], ''Saltar per terra causa vino'', Wingsbert House
* [[2016]], ''Il verro ruffiano'', Baldini&amp;Castoldi

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externus ==
* [http://mauriziomilani.blogspot.com Eius pagina officialis]
* {{imdb name|id=2502464|name=Maurizio Ferrini}}

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Lifetime|1961||Milani, Mauritius}}

[[Categoria:Actores Italiae]]
[[Categoria:Televisio]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Italiae]]
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    <title>Fanum Sancti Hulderici Vallis</title>
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  <page>
    <title>Ludovica Dorothea Saxo-Meiningensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="6916" sha1="q4ed91udfafjtmc3u14docq7kbc3iuo" xml:space="preserve">{{capsa hominis Vicidata}}
[[File:Luise-Dorothea.jpg|thumb|Statua in honorem Ludovicae Dorotheae erecta anno 2017 Gotae et confecta a Bernardo Göbel]]
'''Ludovica Dorothea Saxo-Meiningensis''',&lt;ref&gt;Cf. &quot;Ludovicae Dorotheae stirpis Saxoniae Meinungensis&quot; {{Google Books|TYhSAAAAcAAJ|p. 179}}; alibi saepius &quot;Meiningensis&quot;. De titulo et orthographia cf. &quot;Bernhardi Serenissimi Ducis Saxo-Meiningensis&quot; {{Google Books|84sG4fo-zKoC|p. 76}} et alibi&lt;/ref&gt; ducissa Saxo-Gothana et Altenburgensis,&lt;ref&gt;Cf. titulum (cas. abl.) &quot;Duce Saxo-Gothano &amp; Altenburgensi&quot; {{Google Books|AZ5GAAAAcAAJ|p. 246}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[germania|Germanica]] principissa fuit, unica filia ducis Ernesti Ludovici I Saxo-Meiningensis et Dorotheae Mariae Saxo-Gothanae et Altenburgensis. Nata est die [[10 Augusti]] [[1710]] [[Coburgum|Coburgi]] et animam efflavit die [[22 Octobris]] [[1767]] [[Gota]]e. Artes scientias fidem corroborari in ducatu suo iussit.

==Vita==
Mater eius obiit quando Ludovica Dorothea puella trium annorum fuit. Annos iuventutis et Coburgi et [[Mainingia]]e peregit; mox intellectu ante omnes effulgebat. Tum noverca eius Elisabeth Sophia de Brandenburg, filia quaedam [[Elector Magnus|Electoris Magni]], de educatione principissae ipsa curare coepit. Post mortem patris anno 1724 Ludovica Dorothea cum noverca Coburgum petivit ubi remota vixit; vel conventus cum cognatis nobilibus rarissimi erant. Ibi erudita est summa pietate et sapientia. Amica eius facta est serva quaedam [[Alsatia|Alsatiana]] nomine Iulianae Franciscae de Neuenstein. [[Lutetia]]e natus linguam et cultum civilem Francogallorum principissam optime docuit. 

Die 13 Septembris 1729 nupsit consobrino et throni heredi Frederico qui in Ducatu Saxoniae-Gotae anno 1732 regnare incohavit. Sex post annos eis liberi dati sunt: Fredericus, Ernestus Ludovicus (=postea dux Ernestus II, maecenas amicusque Wieland, Herder, Goethii), Frederica Ludovica. Res educatoriae Ludovicae Dorotheae semper maximi momenti fuit. Voluit infantes fieri homines magnanimos et curiosos in religione, in litteris, in scientiis naturae, in artibus. Maritus eius, homo clemens mansuetusque, numquam tantum intellectum ut uxor habuit. Itaque illa saepe consulta est et a marito et a gubernio. Ecclesiasticus summus Cyprianus ei adversarius factus est. Attamen Ludovica Dorothea Fraternitatem christianam e vico [[Custodia Dei]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}. Theodisce ''Herrnhut''.&lt;/ref&gt; (profugos olim e [[Bohemia]]) collocavit in vico Neudietendorf. Antea concesserat duci eorum Nicolao Zinzendorf ut synodum haberet Gotae.

Felicissima erant etiam servitia pristinae amicae Iulianae Franciscae de Neuenstein, quorum principium fuit Gotae anno 1735. Eam in matrimonium duxit anno 1736 domnus Schack Hermann von Buchwald; annos 32 Gotae vixit. Experta fuit in litteris Francogallicis Theodiscisque. Horis et felicibus et infelicibus apud ducissam erat eam adiutura in omnibus. Ducissa spectamina lingua Francogallica in scaenis theatri Gothensis produci iussit. Commercia epistularia insuper iniit cum multis illustrissimis viris et poetis, inter quos et ipse [[Voltarius]]. De scientiis naturae necnon de philosophia quoque eius intererat (e.g. de ideiis [[christianus Wolffius|Christiani Wolff]]). Cum Voltario inter Ianuarium 1752 et Februarium 1767 numquam interruptam amicitiam epistularem continuavit. Voltarius ducissam ipsam anno 1753 Gotae convenerat: [[berolinum|Berolino]] expulsus die 26 Martii Gotam venit die 20 Aprilis. Ibi septimanas quatuor mansit. Valde placuit ei hospitium iucundum Gothense, de quo mentionem fecit saepius annis sequentibus. Ludovicam Dorotheam Minervam Germanicam appellavit et laudavit [[Castellum Friedenstein]] et aulam totam. Ibi petitus est a Ludovica Dorothea ut opus magnum historicum Germanicum pangeret. Zelo silente opus tale post prospera initia numquam finitum est. Ludovicae Dorotheae litteras dabant et alii multi ut Formey, Diderot, d’Alembert, Rousseau, Helvetius et La Beaumelle. Quorum ultimi duo Gotam ipsam visitaverunt. Baro de Grimm ducissae primae omnium  nobilium Germanicorum Russicorumque nova de artibus Lutetiae vigentibus misit. Annotationes eius postea prelo mandatae sunt sub titulo ''Correspondance littéraire''.

==Vivant gaudia!==
[[File:Die Gartenlaube (1858) b 585.jpg|thumb|Lithographia, 1858]]
Ducissae cordi fuit institutio et promotio Ordinis eremitarum qui dicebatur ''(Ordre des Hermites de bonne humeur)''. Cuius programma edictale de gaudio fruendo fuit (&quot;Vive la joie!&quot;). Inter membra fuit etiam [[Gustavus Adolphus de Gotter]], possessor [[castellum Molsdorf|Castelli Molsdorf]]. Colebatur linguae Francogallicae usus, vestimenta specialia portabantur, nomina propria nova data sunt asseclis. Dux et ducissae prioris et priorissae partes agebant, Gotter nomen &quot;Tourbillon&quot; habuit et ita porro. Conventus fiebant generatim ad Castellum Friedrichswerth (hodie regio haec pars Gotae urbis est). [[Bellum Septem Annorum]] omnia haec terminavit. In bello aula Gothensis colloquia de pace faciendo iterum atque interum fovebat. Bello saeviente semper amici Francogallici Gotae fuerunt qui se esse in Parisiorum circulis credebant propter linguam Francogallicam et leporem culturalem. Die 15 Septembris 1757 prima vice [[Fridericus II (rex Borussiae)]] Gotae fuit.

==Honores==
Vicus [[Luisenthal]] in [[circulus Gotha|Circulo Gothensi]] pro ea nominatus est.

== Bibliographia ==
* Günter Berger / Bärbel Raschke: Luise Dorothea von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg – Ernestinerin und Europäerin im Zeitalter der Aufklärung. Ratisbonae 2017
* {{NDB|15|502|503|Luise Dorothea, Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg, geborene Prinzessin von Sachsen-Meiningen|Herbert Hömig|104352388}}
* Karl Koetschau: ''Fürstin Luise Dorothee – Eine Freundin von Friedrich dem Großen und Voltaire''. Berolini 1941
* Jenny von der Osten: ''Luise Dorothee Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha 1732-1767''. Lipsiae 1893
* Bärbel Raschke: ''Der Briefwechsel zwischen Luise Dorothée von Sachsen-Gotha und Voltaire 1751-1767''. Lipsiae 1998
* Bärbel Raschke: ''Der Briefwechsel zwischen Luise Dorothea von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg und Friederike von Montmartin 1751-1752''. Gotae 2009
* {{ADB|19|625|629|Luise Dorothea, Herzogin von Sachsen-Gotha und Altenburg|[[Albert Schumann]]|ADB:Luise Dorothea}}
* Stiftung Schloss Friedenstein Gotha (ed.): ''Voller Esprit und Wissensdurst. Herzogin Luise Dorothea von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg (1710-1767). Mit einer kommentierten Edition ihres Nachlassinventars''. Gotae 2017

==Notae==
&lt;references/&gt;
== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Luise Dorothea of Saxe-Meiningen|Ludovicam Dorotheam}}
*[http://friedrich.uni-trier.de/de/oeuvres/18/id/006001000/text/ Commercium epistulare cum rege Frederico Borussico - lingua autem Francogallica]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{lifetime|1710|1767|Ludovica Dorothea}}
[[categoria:Politici Germaniae]]
[[categoria:Gota]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Mercedes Aráoz</title>
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'''Mercedes Rosalba Aráoz Fernández''' ([[Lima]]e in urbe die [[5 Augusti]] [[1961]] nata) est erudita et politica [[Peruvia]]e.

In urbe nativa educata, Anglice iam scholaria loquens, erudita est in [[Universitas Pacifici (Peruvia)|universitate Pacifici]] Peruvianae et [[universitas Miamiensis|universitate Miamiensi]] [[Florida]]e, ubi gradum doctoris rerum oeconomicarum ascendit. Professor fuit apud almam matrem Pacificam [[academia diplomatica Peruviana|academiamque diplomaticam Peruvianam]]. Ministra a commercio externo a die [[11 Iulii]] [[2006]] usque ad eundem diem anni [[2009]], deinde ministra ab industria usque ad [[22 Decembris]] [[2009]], denuo ministra ab oeconomia et vectigalibus ad diem [[14 Septembris]] [[2010]] meruit sub primis ministris successivis [[Georgius Del Castillo|Georgio Del Castillo]], [[Iudas Simon|Iuda Simon]], [[Xaverius Velásquez|Xaverio Velásquez]]. Praeses vicaria altera electa est die [[28 Iulii]] [[2016]] eodem tempore quo [[Petrus Paulus Kuczynski]] praesidatum acceperit, sed die [[17 Septembris]] [[2017]] prima ministra facta est, antecessore [[Ferdinandus Zavala|Ferdinando Zavala]].

== Nexus externi ==
[[Fasciculus:Canciller participa en Reunión Ministerial Conjunta de Relaciones Exteriores y Comercio Exterior en Cumbre APEC 2016 cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Ricardus Luna]] minister a rebus externis (ad sinistram), Mercedes Aráoz praeses vicaria (hodie prima ministra), [[Eduardus Ferreyros]] minister a commercio externo anno 2016 congressi]]
{{CommuniaCat|Mercedes Aráoz|Mercedes Aráoz}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085305/http://www.up.edu.pe/Paginas/PLA/Detalle.aspx?codigo=0001 Vita] apud universitatem Pacifici
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20161118040528/http://www.finanzas.com/noticias/economia/2009-12-22/230789_peru--alan-garcia-designa-mercedes.html Alan García designa a Mercedes Aráoz como la primera mujer al frente del Ministerio de Economía]&quot; (22 Decembris 2009) apud ''Finanzas''

{{Primi ministri Peruviae}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Araoz, Mercedes}}
[[Categoria:Nati 1961]]
[[Categoria:Homines vivi]]
[[Categoria:Politici Peruviae]]
[[Categoria:Oeconomi]]
[[Categoria:Gubernatores civitatum]]
[[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Pacifici Peruvianae]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Miamiensis Floridensis]]
[[Categoria:Professores Academiae Diplomaticae Peruvianae]]</text>
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    <title>Circa instans</title>
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      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}; +{{[[Formula:Titulus ad litteram|titulus ad litteram]]}}</comment>
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[[Fasciculus:Author portrait of Platearius. Wellcome L0016076.jpg|thumb|Initium versionis Francogallicae libri ''Circa instans'' cum effigie (ficta) auctoris qui urinam inspectat ([[Collectus Wellcome]] [[Londinium|Londinii]] WMS 626 f. 1r)]]

{{lres|Circa instans}} [[incipit]] opus de simplici medicina et praesertim de plantis, vero titulo carente, [[Latine]] saeculo fere XII confectum et [[Matthaeus Platearius|Matthaeo Plateario]] [[schola Medica Salernitana|scholae medicae Salernitanae]] attributum. Exemplaria manu scripta nonnulla, editiones saeculis XV et XVI divulgatae plures servantur.

Prologus his verbis incipit: &quot;Circa instans negocium in simplicibus medicinis nostrum versatur propositum ...&quot;, seu versione Francogallica &quot;''En ceste presente besongne est nostre propos et intencion ...&quot;

== Editiones ==
[[Fasciculus:Western Manuscript 626, Platearius Wellcome L0031748.jpg|thumb|upright=2|Plantae quattuor e versione Francogallicae libri ''Circa instans'' ([[Collectus Wellcome]] [[Londinium|Londinii]] WMS 626 ff. 42v-43r)]]
* 1488 : ''Incipit liber de simplici medicina secundum Platearium dictus Circa instans''. Ferrariae&lt;ref&gt;de hac editione vide Camus (1886) p. 1&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1497 : ''Practica [[Ioannes Serapio|Jo. Serapionis]] dicta Breviarium; Liber Serapionis [[De simplici medicina (Serapio)|de simplici medicina]]; Liber de simplici medicina dicta Circa instans; Practica [[Matthaeus Platearius|Platearii]]''. Venetiis: mandato Octaviani Scoti per Bonetum Locatellum [http://beta.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/edataaed898ad32478b39e3ed4c0ff68f7a0597ab9fc4 Textus] [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00061068/images/index.html Textus] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58567k Textus]
* 1512 : ''Incipit liber de simplici medicina secundum Platearium dictus Circa instans''. Lugduni [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10164463-1 Textus]
* 1582 : ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dispensarium Nicolai Praepositi ad aromatarios||de|qid=Q21045303}} ... cui accedit Platearius vulgo Circa instans nuncupatus de simplici medicina''. Parisiis: ex typographia Nicolai Bonfonii [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_pharma_res012103 Textus]
* 1913 : Paul Dorveaux, ed., ''Le livre des simples médecines: traduction française du ''Liber de simplici medicina dictus Circa instans'' de Platearius, tirée d'un manuscrit du XIIIe siècle''. Lutetiae: Société française d'histoire de la médecine [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_pharma_032591 Textus]
* 1939 : Hans Wôlfel, ed., ''Das Arzneidrogenbuch Circa instans in einer Fassung des XIII Jahrhunderts aus der Universitätsbibliothek Erlangen''. Berolini, 1939 (dissertatio)
* 1970 : Leo Jules Vandewiele, ed., ''Een Middelnederlandse versie van de Circa instans van Platearius naar de Hss. Portland, British Museum MS. Loan 29/332 (XIVe eeuw) en Universiteitsbibliotheek te Gent Hs. 1457 (XVe eeuw)''. Oudenaarde Belgicae, 1970

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* M. Ausécache, &quot;Circa instans/Liber de simplici medicina [sec. XII]&quot; in C. Galderisi, ed., ''Translations médiévales. Cinq siècles de traduction en français au Moyen Âge (XIe-XVe siècles). Étude et répertoire'' (Tornaci, 2011)
* Giulio Camus, &quot;[https://archive.org/details/loperasalernita00camugoog L'Opera salernitana &quot;Circa instans&quot;]&quot; in ''Memorie della R. Accademia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti di Modena'' ser. 2 vol. 4 (1886)
* Iolanda Ventura, &quot;[https://www.academia.edu/30813513/Il_Circa_instans_attribuito_a_Platearius_trasmissione_manoscritta_redazioni_criteri_di_costruzione_di_unedizione_critica Il Circa instans attribuito a Platearius: trasmissione manoscritta, redazioni, criteri di costruzione di un’edizione critica]&quot; in ''Revue d’histoire des textes'' vol. 10 (2015) pp. 249-362
* Iolanda Ventura, &quot;Per una storia del Circa instans. I Secreta Salernitana ed il testo del manoscritto London, British Library, Egerton 747: Note a margine di un’edizione&quot; in ''Schola Salernitana'' vol. 7/8 (2003) pp. 39-109
* Iolanda Ventura, &quot;[https://www.academia.edu/30708490/Sulla_diffusione_del_Circa_instans_nei_manoscritti_e_nelle_biblioteche_del_Tardo_Medioevo Sulla diffusione del Circa instans nei manoscritti e nelle biblioteche del Tardo Medioevo: ricezione e lettura di un’opera medica]&quot; in G. de Gregorio, M. Galante, edd., ''La produzione scritta tecnica e scientifica nel Medioevo: libro e documento tra scuole e professioni'' (Spoleti, 2012) pp. 465-549
* Iolanda Ventura, &quot;Un manuale di farmacologia medievale ed i suoi lettori: il Circa instans, la sua diffusione, la sua ricezione dal XIII al XV secolo&quot; in D. Jacquart, A. Paravicini Bagliani, edd., ''La Scuola medica salernitana. Autori e testi. Salerno 2004'' (Florentiae, 2007) pp. 465-533

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Circa instans|librum Circa instans}}
* &quot;[http://blog.wellcomelibrary.org/2017/02/a-medieval-medical-bestseller-the-circa-instans/ A medieval medical bestseller: the ‘Circa instans’]&quot; apud ''Wellcome Library Blog''
* [http://mertzdigital.nybg.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15121coll5/id/300 Exemplar manu scriptum saec. XII]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190116163153/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Harley_MS_270 Exemplar manu scriptum saec. XIII ineunte]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180927012725/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Egerton_MS_747 Exemplar manu scriptum saec. XIII exeunte]
* [https://www.e-manuscripta.ch/bau/content/titleinfo/636036 Exemplar manu scriptum medii saec. XV]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]]
[[Categoria:Libri botanici]]
[[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 12]]
[[Categoria:Schola Medica Salernitana]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]
[[Categoria:Italiae scripta]]
[[Categoria:Scripta 1488]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Martinus Natalegawa</title>
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      <text bytes="1955" sha1="0ph1psiav0sv93itzjzmkfdl9qjwwt1" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:Angela Kane, UN High Representative for Disarmament Affairs, János Martonyi, Foreign Minister of Hungary, Marty M. Natalegawa, Foreign Minister of Indonesia cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Prima acie a sinistra: [[Angela Kane]] [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum]], [[Ioannes Martonyi]] [[Hungaria|Hungarus]], Martinus Natalegawa [[Indonesia|Indonesius]], [[Lassina Zerbo]], mense Septembri [[2013]] de [[arma nuclearia|nuclearium armorum]] prohibitione colloquuntur.]]
'''Martinus Natalegawa''',{{FD ref}} plene ''Mohammad Marty Muliana Natalegawa'' (ad [[Bandung]] in insula [[Iava]] natus die [[22 Martii]] [[1963]]), est [[legatus]] et [[politicus]] [[Indonesia]]e.

==De vita==
E gente [[Sunda]]nensi ortus, in [[Anglia]] partim [[educatio|eruditus]], alumnus est {{Creanda|en| London School of Economics|Schola Oeconomicae Londiniensis|Scholae Oeconomicae Londiniensis}} et [[Collegium Corporis Christi (Cantabrigia)|Collegii Corporis Christi]] [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Cantabrigiensis]]. Studia superiora apud [[Universitas Nationalis Australiana|Universitatem Nationalem Australianam]] persecutus est. [[Minister rerum externarum]] a die [[22 Octobris]] [[2009]] usque ad [[20 Octobris]] [[2014]] meruit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Marty Natalegawa|Martinum Natalegawa}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060516013552/http://yosef-ardi.blogspot.com/2005/11/marty-natalegawa-new-ambassador-to-uk.html &quot;Marty Natalegawa: New Ambassador to UK,&quot;] ''Indonesia Today,'' 11 Novembris 2005.

{{Ministri rerum externarum Indonesiani}}

{{Lifetime|1963||Natalegawa, Martinus}}
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Cantabrigiensis]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Scholae Scientiarum Oeconomicarum et Politicarum Londiniensis]]
[[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Nationalis Australianae]]
[[Categoria:Incolae Iavae]]
[[Categoria:Legati Indonesiae]]
[[Categoria:Ministri rerum externarum]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Monkaen Kaenkoon</title>
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{{Latinitas|-2}}
{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
'''Monkaen Kaenkoon'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nationthailand.com/music/30307622 Towers of energetic strength]&lt;/ref&gt; ([[lingua Thai|Thaiice]] มนต์แคน แก่นคูน, ''Monkhaen Kaenkhoon'', nata in [[districtus|districtu]] [[Loeng Nok Thai]] [[provincia]]e [[Yasothon]] [[Thailandia]]e die [[27 Iulii]] [[1973]]) est [[cantor]] [[genus (musica)|generum]] ''[[Thai mor lam]],'' ''[[luk thung]],'' [[musica popularis|musicaeque popularis]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191030061027/http://www.siamdara.com/entertain/music/1058973 จริงใจไม่เสแสร้ง! เปิดเคล็ดลับ &quot;มนต์แคน แก่นคูน&quot; 10 ปี แรงดีไม่มีตก]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.springnews.co.th/social/553019 “มนต์แคน แก่นคูน”เสียงดีใจหล่อ สร้างบ้านให้เด็กเรียนดีด้อยโอกาส]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.daradaily.com/news/85061/read “มนต์แคน” นำเงินทิปหน้าเวที สร้างบ้านให้กับเด็กเรียนดีแต่ยากจน]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Discographia ==
* 2005 - ''Yang Koay Thee Soai Derm''&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191030062344/https://millsrecordcompany.com/UPC/8850107483419/Monkaen-Kaenkoon_Young-Kauy-Tee-Soy-Derm Young Kauy Tee Soy Derm]&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2006 - ''Yam Tor Khor Toe Haa''
* 2008 - ''Sang Fan Duai Kan Bor''
* 2009 - ''Roang Ngan Pit Kid Hot Nong''
* 2010 - ''Fan Eek Krang Tong Pueng Ther''
* 2012 - ''Trong Nan Kue Na Thee Trong Nee Kue Hua Jai''
* 2016 - ''Hai Khao Rak Ther Muean Ther Rak Khaw''
* 2018 - ''Ai Hak Khaw Toan Jao Bor Hak''
* 2019 - ''San Ya Nam Ta Mae''

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Lifetime|1973||Monkhaen Kaenkhoon}}
[[Categoria:Cantores Thailandiae]]
[[Categoria:Nati 1973]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Aequalis apostolis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
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      <text bytes="2163" sha1="9egv39xqv74h7z2gn9np05013014cr7" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Mariamne the sister of the Apostle Philip.jpg|thumb|Sancta Mariamna aequalis apostolis (e {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Menologium Basilii II|Menologio Basilii II|en|qid=Q1918574}})]]

{{res|Aequales apostolis}}&lt;ref&gt;Franci Miklosich ''Lexicon Palaeoslovenico-Graeco-Latinum'', Vindobonae 1862–1865, p. 767 {{Google Books|5xQTAAAAYAAJ}}.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Graece]] ἰσαπόστολος)  sunt [[sanctus|sancti]], qui vel cum [[Apostoli|apostolis]] una laboraverunt et [[Evangelium]] praedicaverunt, vel postea missionem apostolicam gloriose perfecerunt et gentes baptizaverunt. In [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa]] hoc genus sanctitatis saepius, quam in ecclesia occidentali, memoratur. 

Sancti aequales apostolis sunt:
{{div col|2}}
* [[Maria Magdalena]] apostolorum socia;
* [[Thecla]] ''martyr prima'' dicta, [[Paulus Tarsensis|Pauli apostoli]]  discipula;
* [[Apphia Colossensis]], quam Paulus memorat&lt;ref&gt;''[[Epistula ad Philemonem]]'', 2.&lt;/ref&gt;, Philemonis apostoli e septingentis uxor;
* [[Mariamna]] [[Philippus (apostolus)|Philippi apostoli]] soror;
* [[Abercius Hierapolitanus]]
* [[Constantinus I|Constantinus Magnus]] et [[Helena (sancta)|Helena]] mater eius;
* [[Christiana Georgiana]];
* [[Patricius (sanctus)|Patricius]] Hiberniae apostolus, et alii duodecim;
* [[Oswaldus]] [[Index regum Berniciae|Northumbriae rex]];
* [[Borises I (rex Bulgariae)|Borises Bulgaricus]]
* [[Cyrillus et Methodius]] Slavorum illuminatores;
* [[Stephanus I (rex Hungariae)|Stephanus Hungaricus]]
* [[Olga Kioviensis|Helga Kioviensis]] et [[Vladimirus I Magnus]];
* [[Sabas (sanctus)|Sabbas Serbicus]];
* [[Cosmas Aetolus]];
* [[Innocentius (Veniaminov)|Innocentius]], ''apostolus [[Alasca]]e'' dictus;
* [[Nicolaus Iaponicus]], [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa Iaponiae|Ecclesiae Orthodoxae Iaponiae]] conditor,
: aliique.
{{div col end}}
==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

==Fontes==
*[[Bibliotheca Hagiographica Graeca]]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20200104024155/http://www.zakonbozhiy.ru/Zakon_Bozhiy/Chast_1_O_vere_i_zhizni_hristianskoj/Ravnoapostolnye/ ''Закон Божий''], lectiones {{ling|Russice}}

[[Categoria:Sancti]]
[[Categoria:Ecclesiae Orthodoxae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Coralina Ada Ehmke</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>290344</id>
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        <id>64423</id>
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      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
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      <text bytes="1143" sha1="738mjyy0prxwgoeaqxwen5sg2v6zdh4" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Coralina}} (vulgo ''Coraline'') '''Ada Ehmke''' est [[Programmatura computatralis|programmatrix computatralis]] et fautrix [[programma fontium apertorum|programmatum fontium apertorum]] quae [[Sicagum|Sicagi]] vivit.

Non solum programmata computatralia scribit, sed etiam consilia dat, erudit, et praeconia mercatoria creat et specialista{{dubsig}} est [[salus|salutis]] et [[infrastructura]]rum programmatum computatralium. Nota est operae suae cum [[lingua programmandi]] [[Ruby (lingua programmationis)|Ruby]]. Etiam nota est operis et activismo [[Iustitia socialis|iustitiae socialis]] fovendae, creationi codicis morum ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Contributor Covenant||en|qid=Q57892570}}'' et promotioni codicum morum inceptorum programmatum fontium apertorum.

Operas programmandi lingua [[Perl]] coepit.

Ehmke [[transgener]]a est, quae transitionem mense Martii 2014 coepit.

== Nexus externi ==
* [http://where.coraline.codes Situs proprius]

{{bio-stipula}}
{{Lifetime|saeculo 20|LIVING|Ehmke, Coralina Ada}}
[[Categoria:Mulieres]]
[[Categoria:Programmatura computatralis]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Iosephus de Acosta</title>
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      <text bytes="5126" sha1="5ema58h1oiudo6budcxrczm75ckyhqm" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Iosephus de Acosta}}, vulgo ''José de Acosta'' ([[Medina Campi|Medinae Campi]] anno fere [[1540]] natus; mortuus [[Salmantica]]e in urbe die [[15 Februarii]] [[1600]]), missionarius et rerum Americanarum scriptor, auctor fuit operum ''[[Naturalis et moralis Indiae Occidentalis historia|Historia natural y moral de las Indias]]'' et ''[[De procuranda Indorum salute]]''.

[[Fasciculus:Historia natural y moral de las Indias, title page. Wellcome L0001208.jpg|thumb|''Historia natural y moral de las Indias'': titulus primae editionis (Hispali, 1590)]]
Iosephus de Acosta proles fuit familiae [[Iudaei|Iudaeorum]] [[Iudaei conversi|conversorum]]. [[Novitius]] Iesuita annum tredecimum agens factus est. Anno [[1570]] in Americam missus est, ubi per [[Carthago Indiarum|Carthaginem Indiarum]] et [[portus Nominis Dei|portum Nominis Dei]] ad Peruviam profectus est. Ibi [[Andes|Andibus]] altissimo [[Pariacaca]]e transitu permeatis, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus altitudinis|effectu altitudinis|de|qid=Q624497}} et [[Photokeratitis|keratitide nivali]] aegre superatis (quos morbos ille inter primos descripserit), obviam [[Viceregnum Peruvianum|viceregi]] [[Franciscus Toletanus|Francisco Toletano]] occurrit. De conversione [[Indi Americani|Amerindorum]] [[Peruvia]]norum ab [[1572]] usque in [[1583]], deinde [[Mexicum|Mexicanorum]] usque in [[1587]] laboravit, eodemque tempore res geographicas, physicas, ethnographicas, biologicas observabat. In Hispaniam reditus has observationes praesertim in opere Hispanico ''Historia natural y moral de las Indias'' rettulit, [[Hispalis|Hispali]] anno [[1590]] edito; e quo libri I et II, de geographia &quot;Novi Orbis&quot;, Latine dum in Peruvia morabat composuerat annoque [[1589]] [[Salmantica]]e divulgaverat sub titulo ''De natura novi orbis libri duo''.
 
== Scripta ==
* 1588-1589 : ''De natura novi orbis libri duo; et De promulgatione Evangelii apud barbaros ... libri sex''. Salmanticae: apud Guillelmum Foquel [https://archive.org/details/ARes28507 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [https://archive.org/details/denaturanouiorbi00acos alius];  [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_GZ9Zo1_rHZcC editio Coloniensis 1596]
* 1590 : ''[[Naturalis et moralis Indiae Occidentalis historia|Historia natural y moral de las Indias]]''. Hispali: en casa de Juan de Leon [https://archive.org/details/historianaturaly00acos_2 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''
* 1590 : ''De temporibus novissimis''. Romae: ex typographia Iacobi Tornerii [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uEkTqMc_UMMC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' 
* 1601 : ''Conciones de adventu''. Coloniae Agrippinae: apud Antonium Hierat [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_lGbu2JL3zYUC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''

== Bibliographia ==
* Claudio M. Burgaleta, ''José de Acosta, S.J. (1540-1600): His Life and Thought''. Chicagi, 1999
* M. J. Caraccioli, &quot;[https://www.academia.edu/31994617/07_The_Learned_Man_of_Good_Judgment_Nature_Narrative_and_Wonder_in_José_de_Acostas_Natural_Philosophy_History_of_Political_Thought_2017_ The Learned Man of Good Judgment: Nature, Narrative and Wonder in José de Acosta's Natural Philosophy]&quot; in ''History of Political Thought'' vol. 38 (2017) pp. 44-63
* José R. Carracido, ''El p. José de Acosta y su importancia en la literatura científica española''. Matriti: Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, 1899 [https://archive.org/details/elpjosdeacosta00rodruoft Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''
* Ivonne Del Valle, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240730025736/https://www.academia.edu/5413167/From_Jos%C3%A9_de_Acosta_to_the_Enlightenment_Barbarians_Climate_Change_and_Colonial_Technnology_as_the_End_of_History_Eighteenth_Century_Theory_and_Interpretation_54_4_2013_435_459 From José de Acosta to the Enlightenment: Barbarians, Climate Change and (Colonial) Technology as the End of History]&quot; in ''Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation'' vol. 54 (2013) pp. 435-459
* Bryan Green, &quot;[https://www.academia.edu/23565501/Colonial_Theodicy_and_the_Jesuit_Ascetic_Ideal_in_José_de_Acostas_Works_on_Spanish_America Colonial Theodicy and the Jesuit Ascetic Ideal in José de Acosta's Works on Spanish America]&quot; (2016)
* Girolamo Imbruglia, &quot;[https://www.academia.edu/19618864/The_Invention_of_Savage_Society_Amerindian_Religion_and_Society_in_Acosta_s_Anthropological_Theology_in_History_of_European_Ideas_2013_http_dx_doi_org_10_1080_01916599_2013_808411 The Invention of Savage Society: Amerindian Religion and Society in Acosta’s Anthropological Theology]&quot; in ''History of European Ideas'' (2013)
* León Lopetegui, ''El padre José de Acosta SJ y las misiones''. Matriti, 1942
* Jérome Thomas, &quot;[https://journals.openedition.org/cerri/942 L’évangélisation des indiens selon le jésuite Acosta dans le De procuranda indorum salute (1588)]&quot; in ''Cahiers d'étude du religieux'' vol. 10 (2012)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Acosta, Iosephus de}}
[[Categoria:Nati 1540]]
[[Categoria:Mortui 1600]]
[[Categoria:Iesuitae]]
[[Categoria:Missionarii]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Hispaniae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Hispanici]]
[[Categoria:Geographi]]</text>
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    <title>Magallana sikamea</title>
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      <parentid>3750857</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T15:24:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>139091</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>3965319</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2253" sha1="kutlzi0eelmw9v96pols1wtmynmphjk" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}{{Capsa taxinomica
| image = 
| image_caption = ''Magallana sikamea''
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| classis = [[Bivalvia]]
| ordo = [[Ostreida]]
| familia = [[Ostreidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Crassostreinae]]
| genus = ''[[Magallana]]''
| species = '''''Magallana sikamea'''''
| species_authority = (Amemiya, 1928)
| synonyms = 
* ''Ostrea gigas'' var. ''sikamea'' Amemiya, 1928
* ''Crassostrea sikamea''
}}
'''''Crassostrea''''' vel '''''Magallana sikamea'''''&lt;ref&gt;De nomine generico vide {{qc|id=Bayne et al. (2017)}}&lt;/ref&gt; est species [[conchylium|conchyliorum]] familiae [[Ostreidae|Ostreidarum]] Iaponiae et apud Sinas habitantium. In Iaponia ad usum cibarium celebratur; ibi et in civitate [[Vasingtonia (civitas)|Vasingtonia]] colitur.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{ec|id=Bayne et al. (2017)|c=B. L. Bayne et al., &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322318483_The_Proposed_Dropping_of_the_Genus_Crassostrea_for_All_Pacific_Cupped_Oysters_and_Its_Replacement_by_a_New_Genus_Magallana_A_Dissenting_View The Proposed Dropping of the Genus Crassostrea for All Pacific Cupped Oysters and Its Replacement by a New Genus Magallana: A Dissenting View]&quot; in ''Journal of Shellfish Research'' vol. 36 (2017) pp. 545-547}}
* Mark D. Camara et al., &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232679847_The_Kumamoto_Oyster_Crassostrea_sikamea_is_Neither_Rare_nor_Threatened_by_Hybridization_in_the_Northern_Ariake_Sea_Japan The Kumamoto Oyster Crassostrea sikamea is Neither Rare nor Threatened by Hybridization in the Northern Ariake Sea, Japan]&quot; in ''Journal of Shellfish Research'' vol. 27 (2008) pp. 313-322
* Ramasamy Santhanam, ''Biology and Ecology of Edible Marine Bivalve Molluscs'' (Apple Academic Press, 2018) pp. 33-34 {{Google Books|8llgDwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}}

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biologici}}
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20211221155402/http://wsg.washington.edu/oysterstew/cool/oystervarieties.html Oyster Varieties]&quot; (in civitate Vasingtoniensi cultae) apud universitatem Vasingtoniensem

[[Categoria:Ostreidae]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Amemiya]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1928]]
[[Categoria:Mollusca culta]]
[[Categoria:Ars coquinaria Iaponica]]
[[Categoria:Species animalium]]</text>
      <sha1>kutlzi0eelmw9v96pols1wtmynmphjk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iuscellum ostrearum</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>300775</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965295</id>
      <parentid>3965225</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T13:10:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Nexus externi */</comment>
      <origin>3965295</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3016" sha1="8brqv160nac1ydqspxast1iotv67u67" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Chiu Chow oyster congee.jpg|thumb|蚝仔粥 seu ''Chiu chow oyster congee'' (&quot;iuscellum ostrearum modo [[Chaozhou]]&quot;) [[Hungcongum|Hongcongi]] inlatum]]
[[Fasciculus:Brunch at Brennan's, New Orleans, March 2010 02.jpg|thumb|''Oyster soup'' (&quot;iuscellum ostrearum&quot;) apud popinam ''[[Brennan's]]'' [[Nova Aurelia|Novae Aureliae]] inlatum]]
'''Iuscellum ostrearum''' est [[sorbitio]] quae praesertim ex [[ostrearium genus|ostreis]] confectum. Praeceptum [[Europa]]eum antiquissimum ab [[Anna Glasse]] anno [[1747]] datum est: sorbitio de [[ius de suo sibi|iure]] [[piscis|piscium]] confici iubetur cui ostreae vitellique ovorum adduntur. Apud [[Sinae (regio)|Sinas]] (atque praecipue [[Quantunia]]e) [[iuscellum de oryza]] paratur cui ostreae et aromata adduntur.

== Bibliographia ==
* 1747 : {{ec|id=Glasse (1747)|c=[[Anna Glasse|Hannah Glasse]], ''[[The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy]]'' (Londinii, 1747) [https://archive.org/details/artofcookerymade00glas/page/78/mode/2up p. 78] (&quot;An oyster soop ...&quot;)}}
* 1832 : N. K. M. Lee, ''The cook's own book, being a complete culinary encyclopedia'' (Bostoniae: Munroe and Francis) [https://web.archive.org/web/20220108170144/https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/18#page/172/mode/2up pp. 130-131] (&quot;Oyster soup&quot;)
* 1861 : [[Herbertus Byng Hall|Herbert Byng Hall]], ''The Oyster: where, how, and when to find, breed, cook, and eat it'' (Londinii: Trübner, 1861) [https://archive.org/details/b21526862/page/62/mode/2up p. 59] (&quot;Oyster soup&quot;)
* 1870 : {{ec|id=Dubois (1870)|c=[[Urbanus Dubois|Urbain-Dubois]], ''Cosmopolitan cookery: popular studies'' (Londinii: Longmans) [https://archive.org/details/b28131241/page/46/mode/2up p. 47] (&quot;Oyster-soup; Oyster-soup American fashion&quot;)}}
* 1872 : [[Urbanus Dubois|Urbain Dubois]], ''Cuisine de tous les pays: études cosmopolites''. 3a ed. (Lutetiae: Dentu, 1872) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65442310/f91 pp. 69-70] (&quot;Soupe maigre aux huîtres; Soupe aux huîtres à l'américaine&quot;)
* 1885 : ''Prof. La Fayette's French family cookbook''. &quot;London, New York and Chicago&quot; (re vera Chicagine?): Paris Publishing Co., 1885 {{Google Books|N8VEAQAAMAAJ|p. 30}} (&quot;Bordeaux oyster soup&quot;)
* 1893 : Jessup Whitehead, ''Cooking for profit: A new American cook book''. Chicagine {{Google Books|UDhEAAAAYAAJ|vol. 2 p. 170}} (&quot;Oyster soup aux fines herbes or New Orleans style&quot;)
* 1941 : [[M. F. K. Fisher]], ''Consider the Oyster''. Duell, Sloan and Pierce (&quot;cream of oyster soup; oyster soup; oyster bisque&quot;)

== Nexus externi ==
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220216212131/https://www.leplaincanvas.com/2020/07/teochews-oyster-porridge/ Teochew's oyster porridge]&quot; (&quot;iuscellum ostrearum modo [[Chaozhou]]&quot;) apud ''Le Plain Canvas''
* &quot;[https://www.pinterest.com/pin/1118089044969138291/ Oyster Congee] olim apud ''Unfamiliar China''
* &quot;[https://charinthekitchen.com/2015/07/28/chiu-chow-oyster-porridge/ Chiu chow oyster porridge]&quot; apud ''Char in the Kitchen''

[[Categoria:Fercula ex ostreis]]
[[Categoria:Sorbitiones]]</text>
      <sha1>8brqv160nac1ydqspxast1iotv67u67</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Epulum Manchu-Han</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>301368</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965429</id>
      <parentid>3930228</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T05:19:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3965429</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1962" sha1="pd6ub24zzhys10omsbdlkgk20gfm3c2" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Manchu Han Imperial Feast Tao Heung Museum of Food Culture.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Epulum Manchu-Han apud {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Museum ciborum Tao Heung||en|qid=Q7684231}} [[Hongcongum|Hongcongi]] in urbe recreatum]]

{{res|Epulum Manchu-Han}} est stylus cenarum apud [[Sinae (regio)|Sinas]] nonnumquam saeculo XVIII celebratarum quibus artes coquinariae convivalesque [[ars coquinaria Sinensis|Sinensis]] et [[Mandshurienses|Mandshuriensis]] commiscebantur. Eo aevo [[familia Qim]] vel Aisin-Gyoro Mandshuriensis Sericam omnem imperabat; cultus autem Sinarum classicus, in re gastronomica delicatissimus, ibidem vigebat.

== Bibliographia ==
; Fontes antiquiores
* ante 1794 : Li Dou 李斗, ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Yangzhou huafang lu||zh|qid=Q10297082}}'' 揚州畫舫錄 [''Notes of the Yangzhou Pleasure Boat''] (Wang Beiping, Xu Yugong, edd., Beijing: Zhonghua shuju, 1960; [[:s:zh:揚州畫舫錄|Textus apud Vicifontem]])
* 1796 : [[Yuan Mei]], ''[[Praecepta ex horto plenitudinis|Suiyuan shidan]]'' [[s:zh:随园食单|Textus apud Vicifontem]] (Wolfram Eberhard, interpr., &quot;Die chinesische Küche. Die Kochkunst des Herrn von Sui-Yüan&quot; in ''Sinica'' vol. 15 (1940) pp. 190–228; Sean J. S. Chen, ed. et interpr., ''Recipes from the Garden of Contentment'' [Great Barrington Massachusettensium: Berkshire Publishing, 2018] {{Google Books|iGi9DwAAQBAJ|p. 11}} [https://wayoftheeating.wordpress.com/order-of-translation/ textus praeliminaris])

; Eruditio
* Isaac Yue, &quot;[https://brill.com/view/journals/mqyj/22/1/article-p93_5.xml?language=en The Comprehensive Manchu–Han Banquet: History, Myth, and Development]&quot; in ''Ming Qing Yanjiu'' vol. 22 (2018) pp. 93–111

== Nexus externi ==
* Nicole Mone, &quot;[https://nicolemones.com/food-lovers/culinary-companion/ Culinary companion: banquets and feasts]&quot;

[[Categoria:Ars coquinaria Sinensis]]
[[Categoria:Mandshurienses]]
[[Categoria:Cenae]]</text>
      <sha1>pd6ub24zzhys10omsbdlkgk20gfm3c2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Iosephus Paschalius Marinellius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>306132</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965427</id>
      <parentid>3931197</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T05:15:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>{{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}</comment>
      <origin>3965427</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2937" sha1="b4s5v4789c55zf5znkyxik4dzxmn9n3" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Iosephus Paschalius Marinellius}}&lt;ref&gt;Vel ''Pascalis''. Sic libros suos inscripsit.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Italice]] ''Giuseppe Pasquali Marinelli'', natus die [[20 Aprilis]] [[1793]] [[Camuranum|Camurani]]; mortuus ibidem [[9 Iulii]] [[1875]]) fuit [[iuris peritus]] Italicus, [[poeta]] Latinus, et [[interpres]] Italiano-Latinus.

==Vita et opera==
[[Auximum|Auximi]] et [[Macerata]]e educatus, ab anni 1818 ad annum 1830 [[Roma]]e cardinalis [[Bartholomaeus Pacca|Bartholomaei Paccae]] a secretis erat. In Camuranum urbem natalem revertir et anno 1835 [[Ancona]]e ''[[Corpus Iuris Civilis|Institutiones Iuris Civilis]]'' edidit. Camurani officiosus etat et domum suum testamento ut hospitium pauperrimis reliquit.

Carmen ''De pugna ad Castrumficardum inter Pontificis Summi et Sardi Regis copias depugnata'' composuit, anno 1991 editum, Multa [[hexameter|hexametrus]] Latinis vertit, quarum maxima est ''[[Divina Comoedia|Divinae Comoediae]]'' Alagherii versio (anno 1874 edita); necnon [[Biblia|Scripturae Sacra]]e libros, [[Hugo Foscolo|Hugonis Foscolo]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iacobus Victorellius|Iacobi Victorellii|it|qid=Q1385125}} carmina; et ''[[Ilias|Iliadem]]'' vertere videtur, sed versio inedita est.

==Opera ==
* ''Job, Apocalypsis, et Moysis Cantica, a J.P. Marinellio versibus expressa. '', 1846
* ''Dantis Aligherii Divina Comoedia'', 1874
* ''Ex Hugonis Fosculi De sepulcris carmine et Jacobi Victorellii Cantiunculis versiones'', 1893
* ''Messias'', 1866
* ''De pugna ad Castrumficardum : inter Pontificis Summi et Sardi Regis copias depugnata'', 1991 {cum versione Italica Maximi Morroni et lucubrationibus Maximi Coltrinari)

==Bibliographia==
* Massimo Morroni, ''Giuseppe Pasquali Marinelli: Le età di un poeta : Biographia letteraria'', 1993
* Carlo Santini, ''La versione Latina del' ''Íliade'' di Giuseppe Pasquali Marinelli'', ACLNC, pp. 493–501.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://camerano.altervista.org/giuseppe-pasquali-marinelli/ Vita Marinellii]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in situ Camurani urbis {{ling|Italice}}
* [http://www.chieracostui.com/costui/docs/search/schedaoltre.asp?ID=25398 Tabula memorialis Marinellii in domo sua]
* [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IhoNAAAAYAAJ Versionis ''Divinae Comoediae'' editio] in ''GoogleBooks''
* [http://www.hieronymus.us.com/latinweb/Dante/Comoedia_PascMarin.htm Versio ''Divinae Comoediae'' Latina cum versione Anglica comparata]
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2002062015/ Iosephus Paschalius Marinellius] in ''WorldCat''

{{nexus absunt}}
{{Lifetime|1793|1875|Marinellius, Iosephus Paschalius}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini recentiores]]
[[Categoria:Interpretes Homerici]]
[[Categoria:Interpretes Italiano-Latini]]
[[Categoria:Iuris consulti]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Italiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Italiae]]</text>
      <sha1>b4s5v4789c55zf5znkyxik4dzxmn9n3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965428</id>
      <parentid>3965427</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T05:17:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Minora</comment>
      <origin>3965428</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2935" sha1="8vpiiaqngcjit06dcd68xndjj57hot5" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Iosephus Paschalius Marinellius}}&lt;ref&gt;Vel ''Pascalis''. Sic libros suos inscripsit.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Italice]] ''Giuseppe Pasquali Marinelli'', natus die [[20 Aprilis]] [[1793]] [[Camuranum|Camurani]]; mortuus ibidem [[9 Iulii]] [[1875]]) fuit [[iuris peritus]] Italicus, [[poeta]] Latinus, et [[interpres]] Italiano-Latinus.

==Vita et opera==
[[Auximum|Auximi]] et [[Macerata]]e educatus, ab anni 1818 ad annum 1830 [[Roma]]e cardinalis [[Bartholomaeus Pacca|Bartholomaei Paccae]] a secretis erat. In Camuranum urbem natalem revertir et anno 1835 [[Ancona]]e ''[[Corpus Iuris Civilis|Institutiones Iuris Civilis]]'' edidit. Camurani officiosus etat et domum suum testamento ut hospitium pauperrimis reliquit.

Carmen ''De pugna ad Castrumficardum inter Pontificis Summi et Sardi Regis copias depugnata'' composuit, anno 1991 editum, Multa [[hexameter|hexametrus]] Latinis vertit, quarum maxima est ''[[Divina Comoedia|Divinae Comoediae]]'' Alagherii versio (anno 1874 edita); necnon [[Biblia|Scripturae Sacra]]e libros, [[Hugo Foscolo|Hugonis Foscolo]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iacobus Victorellius|Iacobi Victorellii|it|qid=Q1385125}} carmina; et ''[[Ilias|Iliadem]]'' vertere videtur, sed versio inedita est.

==Opera ==
* ''Job, Apocalypsis, et Moysis Cantica, a J.P. Marinellio versibus expressa'', 1846
* ''Dantis Aligherii Divina Comoedia'', 1874
* ''Ex Hugonis Fosculi De sepulcris carmine et Jacobi Victorellii Cantiunculis versiones'', 1893
* ''Messias'', 1866
* ''De pugna ad Castrumficardum : inter Pontificis Summi et Sardi Regis copias depugnata'', 1991 {cum versione Italica Maximi Morroni et lucubrationibus Maximi Coltrinari)

==Bibliographia==
* Massimo Morroni, ''Giuseppe Pasquali Marinelli: Le età di un poeta : Biographia letteraria'', 1993
* Carlo Santini, ''La versione Latina del' ''Íliade'' di Giuseppe Pasquali Marinelli'', ACLNC, pp. 493–501.

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://camerano.altervista.org/giuseppe-pasquali-marinelli/ Vita Marinellii]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in situ Camurani urbis {{ling|Italice}}
* [http://www.chieracostui.com/costui/docs/search/schedaoltre.asp?ID=25398 Tabula memorialis Marinellii in domo sua]
* [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IhoNAAAAYAAJ Versionis ''Divinae Comoediae'' editio] in ''GoogleBooks''
* [http://www.hieronymus.us.com/latinweb/Dante/Comoedia_PascMarin.htm Versio ''Divinae Comoediae'' Latina cum versione Anglica comparata]
* [https://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2002062015/ Iosephus Paschalius Marinellius] in ''WorldCat''

{{nexus absunt}}
{{Lifetime|1793|1875|Marinellius, Iosephus Paschalius}}

[[Categoria:Auctores Latini recentiores]]
[[Categoria:Interpretes Homerici]]
[[Categoria:Interpretes Italiano-Latini]]
[[Categoria:Iuris consulti]]
[[Categoria:Poetae Latini Italiae]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores Italiae]]</text>
      <sha1>8vpiiaqngcjit06dcd68xndjj57hot5</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Eduinus Mattison McMillan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>307658</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965375</id>
      <parentid>3777491</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T23:02:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ollin Masa</username>
        <id>209296</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3965375</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="972" sha1="n2p68fw2uw35k6vtugqxoki8jcdxh39" xml:space="preserve">{{Latinitas|-2}}
[[Fasciculus:Edwin McMillan Nobel.jpg|thumb|Edwinus Mattison McMillan (1951)]]

'''Eduinus Mattison McMillan''' (natus [[18 Septembris]] [[1907]]; mortuus [[7 Septembris]] [[1991]]) fuit [[chemicus]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]] qui [[neptunium]] et [[elementum chemicum|elementa]] transuranica invenit et anno [[1951]] [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae]] cum [[Glenn Theodorus Seaborg|Glenn Theodoro Seaborg]] accepit, ratione elementorum transuranicorum inventorum.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1951/mcmillan/facts/ De Eduino Mattison McMillan] apud nobelprize.org.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Institutum Technologiae Californiense]] frequentavit.

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Edwin McMillan|Edwinum Mattison McMillan}}

{{Lifetime|1907|1951|McMillan, Eduinus Mattison}}
[[Categoria:Alumni Instituti Technologiae Californiensis]]
[[Categoria:Chemici Civitatum Foederatarum]]
[[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Chemiae]]</text>
      <sha1>n2p68fw2uw35k6vtugqxoki8jcdxh39</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Usor/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>308295</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965390</id>
      <parentid>3939526</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T00:42:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Documentationem redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3965390</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5278" sha1="n7iio7oiicd4u51t0xvvlwl6b34uj8j" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis|proprietas=distributa}}
{{Formula substituibilis|...}}

Formula {{Fn|Usor}} vel {{Fn|Ustrix}} nomen usoris ustricisve cum nexu ostendit. Formula {{Fn|Usores}} vel {{Fn|Ustrices}} plura nomina usorum scribere sinit. Formula {{Fn|Usores in colloquio}} omnes usores cuiusvis disputationis participes invocat. Usores sic vocati nuntium recipiet.

== De usu ==
=== {{[[Formula:Usor|Usor]]}} ===
{{Compendium formulae|u}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Alexander}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Alexander}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Marcus|Marce}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Marcus|Marce}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Ustrix|Lavinia}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Ustrix|Lavinia}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Flavia1966}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Flavia1966}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{subst:u|Alix99}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Alix99}}
* (Sine argumentis – '''in substitutione tantum''') &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Nomen meum est {{subst:u}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Nomen meum est &amp;#91;TUUM NOMEN HIC SUBSTITUETUR&amp;#93;

=== {{[[Formula:Usores|Usores]]}} ===
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}
{{Compendium formulae|uu}}
{{Videantur etiam|Formula:Collaboratio|Formula:Collaboratio gratulans}}

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99|praefixum=@}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99|praefixum=@}}

=== {{[[Formula:Usores in colloquio|subst:Usores in colloquio]]}} ===
{{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}
{{Compendium substitutionis|uc}}

Cave, haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] sive nomina usorum qui in capitulo scripserunt sive nomina usorum qui ibidem per nexum appellati sint numerat ({{*eg}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;@[[Usor:Alix99|Alix99]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:usores in colloquio|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2020/2021}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores in colloquio|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2020/2021|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:usores in colloquio|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 2|[[Theoria musicae]]}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores in colloquio|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 2|[[Theoria musicae]]|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:usores in colloquio|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|praefixum=@}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores in colloquio|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|praefixum=@|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{#switch:{{BASEPAGENAME}}

	| Usores =

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Ustrices}}
* {{Fn|Uu}}

	| Usores in colloquio =

== De argumentis ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula omnes usores cuiusvis disputationis participes invocat. Usores sic vocati nuntium recipient.&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Usor&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Marcus&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Verba ostendenda&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris casu vocativo aut alio casu&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Marce&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fsn|Uc}}

	| #default =

== De argumentis ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula nomen usoris ustricisve cum nexu scribit. Usor sic vocatus nuntium recipiet&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Pagina disputationis&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen paginae disputationis&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6&quot;
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Verba ostendenda&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris casu vocativo aut alio casu&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;2020/2021&quot;
		},
		&quot;praefixum&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Praefixum&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Praefixum omnium nominum&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;@&quot;
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Ustrix}}
* {{Fn|U}}

}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
* {{Fsn|Collaboratio}}
* {{Fsn|Collaboratio gratulans}}
* {{Fn|Ping}}
* {{Fn|Voco}}
* {{Fn|Re}}
* {{Fn|Cc}}
* {{Fn|Subscriptio exemplaris}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||2=
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae nexus ad usores praebent|{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifeq:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Usores|[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n7iio7oiicd4u51t0xvvlwl6b34uj8j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965391</id>
      <parentid>3965390</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T00:43:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3965391</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5278" sha1="1vs4egh1soo84r1d7xfqdvds8qwjtxv" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis|proprietas=distributa}}
{{Formula substituibilis|...}}

Formula {{Fn|Usor}} vel {{Fn|Ustrix}} nomen usoris ustricisve cum nexu ostendit. Formula {{Fn|Usores}} vel {{Fn|Ustrices}} plura nomina usorum scribere sinit. Formula {{Fn|Usores in colloquio}} omnes usores cuiusvis disputationis participes invocat. Usores sic vocati nuntium recipiet.

== De usu ==
=== {{[[Formula:Usor|Usor]]}} ===
{{Compendium formulae|u}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Alexander}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Alexander}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Marcus|Marce}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Marcus|Marce}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Ustrix|Lavinia}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Ustrix|Lavinia}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Flavia1966}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Flavia1966}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{subst:u|Alix99}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Alix99}}
* (Sine argumentis – '''in substitutione tantum''') &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Nomen meum est {{subst:u}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Nomen meum est &amp;#91;TUUM NOMEN HIC SUBSTITUETUR&amp;#93;

=== {{[[Formula:Usores|Usores]]}} ===
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}
{{Compendium formulae|uu}}
{{Videantur etiam|Formula:Collaboratio|Formula:Collaboratio gratulans}}

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99|praefixum=@}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99|praefixum=@}}

=== {{[[Formula:Usores in colloquio|subst:Usores in colloquio]]}} ===
{{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}
{{Compendium substitutionis|uc}}

Cave, haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] sive nomina usorum qui in capitulo scripserunt sive nomina usorum qui ibidem per nexum appellati sint numerat ({{*eg}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;@[[Usor:Alix99|Alix99]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:usores in colloquio|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2020/2021}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores in colloquio|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2020/2021|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:usores in colloquio|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 2|[[Theoria musicae]]}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores in colloquio|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 2|[[Theoria musicae]]|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:usores in colloquio|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|praefixum=@}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores in colloquio|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|praefixum=@|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{#switch:{{BASEPAGENAME}}

	| Usores =

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Ustrices}}
* {{Fn|Uu}}

	| Usores in colloquio =

== De argumentis ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula omnes usores cuiusvis disputationis participes invocat. Usores sic vocati nuntium recipient.&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Pagina disputationis&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen paginae disputationis&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6&quot;
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Verba ostendenda&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris casu vocativo aut alio casu&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;2020/2021&quot;
		},
		&quot;praefixum&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Praefixum&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Praefixum omnium nominum&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;@&quot;
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fsn|Uc}}

	| #default =

== De argumentis ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula nomen usoris ustricisve cum nexu scribit. Usor sic vocatus nuntium recipiet&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Usor&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Marcus&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Verba ostendenda&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris casu vocativo aut alio casu&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Marce&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Ustrix}}
* {{Fn|U}}

}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
* {{Fsn|Collaboratio}}
* {{Fsn|Collaboratio gratulans}}
* {{Fn|Ping}}
* {{Fn|Voco}}
* {{Fn|Re}}
* {{Fn|Cc}}
* {{Fn|Subscriptio exemplaris}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||2=
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae nexus ad usores praebent|{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifeq:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Usores|[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1vs4egh1soo84r1d7xfqdvds8qwjtxv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965393</id>
      <parentid>3965391</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T01:01:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3965393</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5319" sha1="1hy176o0iwhxirz3eo64n1tzvvcnjwa" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis|proprietas=distributa}}
{{Formula substituibilis|...}}

Formula {{Fn|Usor}} vel {{Fn|Ustrix}} nomen usoris ustricisve cum nexu ostendit. Formula {{Fn|Usores}} vel {{Fn|Ustrices}} plura nomina usorum scribere sinit. Formula {{Fn|Usores in colloquio}} omnes usores cuiusvis disputationis participes invocat. Usores sic vocati nuntium recipiet.

== De usu ==
=== {{[[Formula:Usor|Usor]]}} ===
{{Compendium formulae|u}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Alexander}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Alexander}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Marcus|Marce}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Marcus|Marce}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Ustrix|Lavinia}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Ustrix|Lavinia}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Flavia1966}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Flavia1966}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{subst:u|Alix99}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Alix99}}
* (Sine argumentis – '''in substitutione tantum''') &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Nomen meum est {{subst:u}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Nomen meum est &amp;#91;TUUM NOMEN HIC SUBSTITUETUR&amp;#93;

{{vsep|2}}

=== {{[[Formula:Usores|Usores]]}} ===
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}
{{Compendium formulae|uu}}
{{Videantur etiam|Formula:Collaboratio|Formula:Collaboratio gratulans}}

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99|praefixum=@}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99|praefixum=@}}

{{vsep|2}}

=== {{[[Formula:Usores in colloquio|subst:Usores in colloquio]]}} ===
{{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}
{{Compendium substitutionis|uc}}

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:usores in colloquio|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2020/2021}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores in colloquio|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2020/2021|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:usores in colloquio|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 2|[[Theoria musicae]]}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores in colloquio|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 2|[[Theoria musicae]]|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:usores in colloquio|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|praefixum=@}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores in colloquio|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|praefixum=@|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{vsep}}

{{Nota bene}} Haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] numerat non solum usores qui in sectione scripserunt, sed etiam eos qui per nexum appellati sunt ({{*eg}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;@[[Usor:Alix99|Alix99]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

{{vsep|2}}

{{#switch:{{BASEPAGENAME}}

	| Usores =

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Ustrices}}
* {{Fn|Uu}}

	| Usores in colloquio =

== De argumentis ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula omnes usores cuiusvis disputationis participes invocat. Usores sic vocati nuntium recipient.&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Pagina disputationis&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen paginae disputationis&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6&quot;
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Verba ostendenda&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris casu vocativo aut alio casu&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;2020/2021&quot;
		},
		&quot;praefixum&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Praefixum&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Praefixum omnium nominum&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;@&quot;
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fsn|Uc}}

	| #default =

== De argumentis ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula nomen usoris ustricisve cum nexu scribit. Usor sic vocatus nuntium recipiet&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Usor&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Marcus&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Verba ostendenda&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris casu vocativo aut alio casu&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Marce&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Ustrix}}
* {{Fn|U}}

}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
* {{Fsn|Collaboratio}}
* {{Fsn|Collaboratio gratulans}}
* {{Fn|Ping}}
* {{Fn|Voco}}
* {{Fn|Re}}
* {{Fn|Cc}}
* {{Fn|Subscriptio exemplaris}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||2=
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae nexus ad usores praebent|{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifeq:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Usores|[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1hy176o0iwhxirz3eo64n1tzvvcnjwa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965395</id>
      <parentid>3965393</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T01:02:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3965395</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5217" sha1="tcvp5idm353z4kzlagrp4za2uflni0i" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis|proprietas=distributa}}
{{Formula substituibilis|...}}

Formula {{Fn|Usor}} vel {{Fn|Ustrix}} nomen usoris ustricisve cum nexu ostendit. Formula {{Fn|Usores}} vel {{Fn|Ustrices}} plura nomina usorum scribere sinit. Formula {{Fn|Usores in colloquio}} omnes usores cuiusvis disputationis participes invocat. Usores sic vocati nuntium recipiet.

== De usu ==
=== {{[[Formula:Usor|Usor]]}} ===
{{Compendium formulae|u}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Alexander}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Alexander}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Marcus|Marce}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Marcus|Marce}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Ustrix|Lavinia}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Ustrix|Lavinia}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Flavia1966}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Flavia1966}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{subst:u|Alix99}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Alix99}}
* (Sine argumentis – '''in substitutione tantum''') &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Nomen meum est {{subst:u}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Nomen meum est &amp;#91;TUUM NOMEN HIC SUBSTITUETUR&amp;#93;

{{vsep|2}}

=== {{[[Formula:Usores|Usores]]}} ===
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}
{{Compendium formulae|uu}}
{{Videantur etiam|Formula:Collaboratio|Formula:Collaboratio gratulans}}

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99|praefixum=@}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99|praefixum=@}}

{{vsep|2}}

=== {{[[Formula:Usores in colloquio|subst:Usores in colloquio]]}} ===
{{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}
{{Compendium substitutionis|uc}}

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2020/2021}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2020/2021|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 2|[[Theoria musicae]]}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{uc|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 2|[[Theoria musicae]]|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|praefixum=@}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|praefixum=@|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{vsep}}

{{Nota bene}} Haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] numerat non solum usores qui in sectione scripserunt, sed etiam eos qui per nexum appellati sunt ({{*eg}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;@[[Usor:Alix99|Alix99]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).

{{vsep|2}}

{{#switch:{{BASEPAGENAME}}

	| Usores =

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Ustrices}}
* {{Fn|Uu}}

	| Usores in colloquio =

== De argumentis ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula omnes usores cuiusvis disputationis participes invocat. Usores sic vocati nuntium recipient.&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Pagina disputationis&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen paginae disputationis&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6&quot;
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Verba ostendenda&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris casu vocativo aut alio casu&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;2020/2021&quot;
		},
		&quot;praefixum&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Praefixum&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Praefixum omnium nominum&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;@&quot;
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fsn|Uc}}

	| #default =

== De argumentis ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula nomen usoris ustricisve cum nexu scribit. Usor sic vocatus nuntium recipiet&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Usor&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Marcus&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Verba ostendenda&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris casu vocativo aut alio casu&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Marce&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Ustrix}}
* {{Fn|U}}

}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
* {{Fsn|Collaboratio}}
* {{Fsn|Collaboratio gratulans}}
* {{Fn|Ping}}
* {{Fn|Voco}}
* {{Fn|Re}}
* {{Fn|Cc}}
* {{Fn|Subscriptio exemplaris}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||2=
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae nexus ad usores praebent|{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifeq:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Usores|[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>tcvp5idm353z4kzlagrp4za2uflni0i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965407</id>
      <parentid>3965395</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T02:59:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Documentationem redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3965407</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6699" sha1="641x41vgiw74iazqhg90682rrnpmvu6" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis|proprietas=distributa}}
{{Formula substituibilis|...}}

Formula {{Fn|Usor}} vel {{Fn|Ustrix}} nomen usoris ustricisve cum nexu ostendit. Formula {{Fn|Usores}} vel {{Fn|Ustrices}} plura nomina usorum scribere sinit. Formula {{Fn|Usores in colloquio}} omnes usores cuiusvis disputationis participes invocat. Usores sic vocati nuntium recipiet.

== De usu ==
=== {{[[Formula:Usor|Usor]]}} ===
{{Compendium formulae|u}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Alexander}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Alexander}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Marcus|Marce}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Marcus|Marce}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Ustrix|Lavinia}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Ustrix|Lavinia}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Flavia1966}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Flavia1966}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{subst:u|Alix99}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Alix99}}
* (Sine argumentis – '''in substitutione tantum''') &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Nomen meum est {{subst:u}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Nomen meum est &amp;#91;TUUM NOMEN HIC SUBSTITUETUR&amp;#93;

{{vsep|2}}

=== {{[[Formula:Usores|Usores]]}} ===
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}
{{Compendium formulae|uu}}
{{Videantur etiam|Formula:Collaboratio|Formula:Collaboratio gratulans}}

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99|praefixum=@}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99|praefixum=@}}

{{vsep|2}}

=== {{[[Formula:Usores in colloquio|subst:Usores in colloquio]]}} ===
{{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}
{{Compendium substitutionis|uc}}

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2020/2021}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2020/2021|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 2|[[Theoria musicae]]}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{uc|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 2|[[Theoria musicae]]|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|praefixum=@}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|praefixum=@|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|excluditur1=Andrew Dalby|excluditur2=Giorno2|additur1=Grufo|additur2=Frontfrog}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|excluditur1=Andrew Dalby|excluditur2=Giorno2|additur1=Grufo|additur2=Frontfrog|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{vsep}}

{{Nota bene}} Haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] numerat non solum usores qui in sectione scripserunt, sed etiam eos qui per nexum appellati sunt ({{*eg}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;@[[Usor:Alix99|Alix99]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;). Nomen tuum, si in colloquio, excludetur.

{{vsep|2}}

{{#switch:{{BASEPAGENAME}}

	| Usores =

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Ustrices}}
* {{Fn|Uu}}

	| Usores in colloquio =

== De argumentis ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula omnes usores cuiusvis disputationis participes invocat. Usores sic vocati nuntium recipient.&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Pagina disputationis&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen paginae disputationis&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6&quot;
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Verba ostendenda&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris casu vocativo aut alio casu&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;2020/2021&quot;
		},
		&quot;additur 1&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [ &quot;additur1&quot; ],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Additur 1&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen primi usoris manu addendi&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;additur 2&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [ &quot;additur2&quot; ],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Additur 2&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen secundi usoris manu addendi&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;additur 3&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [ &quot;additur3&quot; ],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Additur 3&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Etc.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;excluditur 1&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [ &quot;excluditur1&quot; ],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Excluditur 1&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen primi usoris manu excludendi&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;excluditur 2&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [ &quot;excluditur2&quot; ],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Excluditur 2&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen secundi usoris manu excludendi&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;excluditur 3&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [ &quot;excluditur3&quot; ],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Excluditur 3&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Etc.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;praefixum&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Praefixum&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Praefixum omnium nominum&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;@&quot;
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fsn|Uc}}

	| #default =

== De argumentis ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula nomen usoris ustricisve cum nexu scribit. Usor sic vocatus nuntium recipiet&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Usor&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Marcus&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Verba ostendenda&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris casu vocativo aut alio casu&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Marce&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Ustrix}}
* {{Fn|U}}

}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
* {{Fsn|Collaboratio}}
* {{Fsn|Collaboratio gratulans}}
* {{Fn|Ping}}
* {{Fn|Voco}}
* {{Fn|Re}}
* {{Fn|Cc}}
* {{Fn|Subscriptio exemplaris}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||2=
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae nexus ad usores praebent|{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifeq:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Usores|[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>641x41vgiw74iazqhg90682rrnpmvu6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965409</id>
      <parentid>3965407</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T03:00:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3965409</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6699" sha1="9vhywdfry7bmify7bdk9uq0r0312kfz" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis|proprietas=distributa}}
{{Formula substituibilis|...}}

Formula {{Fn|Usor}} vel {{Fn|Ustrix}} nomen usoris ustricisve cum nexu ostendit. Formula {{Fn|Usores}} vel {{Fn|Ustrices}} plura nomina usorum scribere sinit. Formula {{Fn|Usores in colloquio}} omnes usores cuiusvis disputationis participes invocat. Usores sic vocati nuntium recipiet.

== De usu ==
=== {{[[Formula:Usor|Usor]]}} ===
{{Compendium formulae|u}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Alexander}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Alexander}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Marcus|Marce}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Usor|Marcus|Marce}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{Ustrix|Lavinia}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{Ustrix|Lavinia}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Flavia1966}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Flavia1966}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Gratias tibi ago, {{subst:u|Alix99}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Gratias tibi ago, {{u|Alix99}}
* (Sine argumentis – '''in substitutione tantum''') &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;Nomen meum est {{subst:u}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ Nomen meum est &amp;#91;TUUM NOMEN HIC SUBSTITUETUR&amp;#93;

{{vsep|2}}

=== {{[[Formula:Usores|Usores]]}} ===
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}
{{Compendium formulae|uu}}
{{Videantur etiam|Formula:Collaboratio|Formula:Collaboratio gratulans}}

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99|praefixum=@}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Usores|Alexander|Marcus|Lavinia|Flavia1966|Alix99|praefixum=@}}

{{vsep|2}}

=== {{[[Formula:Usores in colloquio|subst:Usores in colloquio]]}} ===
{{Formula semper substituenda|inspectio=propria}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params}}
{{Compendium substitutionis|uc}}

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2020/2021}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6|2020/2021|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 2|[[Theoria musicae]]}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{uc|Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 2|[[Theoria musicae]]|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|praefixum=@}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|praefixum=@|propositum=exhibitio}}
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|excluditur1=Andrew Dalby|excluditur2=Giorno2|additur1=Grufo|additur2=Frontfrog}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{uc|Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina prima/Tabularium 6|Declinatio falsa sive neglecta|excluditur1=Andrew Dalby|excluditur2=Giorno2|additur1=Grufo|additur2=Frontfrog|propositum=exhibitio}}

{{vsep}}

{{Nota bene}} Haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] non solum usores numerat qui in sectione scripserunt, sed etiam eos qui per nexum appellati sunt ({{*eg}} &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;@[[Usor:Alix99|Alix99]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;). Nomen tuum, si in colloquio, excludetur.

{{vsep|2}}

{{#switch:{{BASEPAGENAME}}

	| Usores =

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Ustrices}}
* {{Fn|Uu}}

	| Usores in colloquio =

== De argumentis ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula omnes usores cuiusvis disputationis participes invocat. Usores sic vocati nuntium recipient.&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Pagina disputationis&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen paginae disputationis&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis/Tabularium 6&quot;
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Verba ostendenda&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris casu vocativo aut alio casu&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: true,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;2020/2021&quot;
		},
		&quot;additur 1&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [ &quot;additur1&quot; ],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Additur 1&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen primi usoris manu addendi&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;additur 2&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [ &quot;additur2&quot; ],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Additur 2&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen secundi usoris manu addendi&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;additur 3&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [ &quot;additur3&quot; ],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Additur 3&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Etc.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;excluditur 1&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [ &quot;excluditur1&quot; ],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Excluditur 1&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen primi usoris manu excludendi&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;excluditur 2&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [ &quot;excluditur2&quot; ],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Excluditur 2&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen secundi usoris manu excludendi&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;excluditur 3&quot;: {
			&quot;aliases&quot;: [ &quot;excluditur3&quot; ],
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Excluditur 3&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Etc.&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;praefixum&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Praefixum&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Praefixum omnium nominum&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;content&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;@&quot;
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fsn|Uc}}

	| #default =

== De argumentis ==

&lt;templatedata&gt;{
	&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Haec formula nomen usoris ustricisve cum nexu scribit. Usor sic vocatus nuntium recipiet&quot;,
	&quot;format&quot;: &quot;inline&quot;,
	&quot;params&quot;: {
		&quot;1&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Usor&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Marcus&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		},
		&quot;2&quot;: {
			&quot;label&quot;: &quot;Verba ostendenda&quot;,
			&quot;description&quot;: &quot;Nomen usoris casu vocativo aut alio casu&quot;,
			&quot;example&quot;: &quot;Marce&quot;,
			&quot;type&quot;: &quot;string&quot;,
			&quot;required&quot;: false
		}
	}
}&lt;/templatedata&gt;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fn|Ustrix}}
* {{Fn|U}}

}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
* {{Fsn|Collaboratio}}
* {{Fsn|Collaboratio gratulans}}
* {{Fn|Ping}}
* {{Fn|Voco}}
* {{Fn|Re}}
* {{Fn|Cc}}
* {{Fn|Subscriptio exemplaris}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||2=
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae quae nexus ad usores praebent|{{PAGENAME}}]]
{{#ifeq:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|Usores|[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Hobocen</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-17T21:59:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jmabel</username>
        <id>79075</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Hoboken NJ photo D Ramey Logan.jpg]] → [[File:Hoboken NJ photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg]] [[c:Special:PermanentLink/1232765674#Mass_rename_requested]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1948" sha1="j3wcqyjdywn15g2tpmwuh7coxk6oogk" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Hoboken NJ photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg|thumb|Despectus in Hobocen ex aere super [[Flumen Hudsonianum]].]]
'''Hobocen''' ([[Anglice]] ''Hoboken,'' a nomine [[lingua Unami|Unamico]] ''Hupokàn''&lt;!--&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.talk-lenape.org/detail.php?id=1474 Hoboken] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616173751/http://www.talk-lenape.org/detail.php?id=1474 |date=16 Iunii 2016 }}, Lenape Talking Dictionary. accessum 2 Iunii 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt;) est [[urbs]] in [[Comitatus Hudsonianus (Nova Caesarea)|Comitatu Hudsoniano]] in [[Nova Caesarea]] [[Civitatum Foederatarum civitas|civitate]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americana]], pars [[area metropolitana Novi Eboraci|areae metropolitanae Novi Eboraci]] et situs {{Creanda|en|Hoboken Terminal|Terminus Hobocenianus|Termini Hoboceniani}}, magni {{Creanda|en|Transportation hub|axis transportationis}}. Secundum [[Census Civitatum Foederatarum anni 2020|Censum Civitatum Foederatarum anni 2020]]. urbi erant 60&amp;thinsp;419 cives,&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=Census2020/&gt;&lt;ref name=LWD2020/&gt; --&gt; 10&amp;thinsp;414 (+20.8%) plus quam [[Census Civitatum Foederatarum anni 2010|anno 2010]].&lt;!--&lt;ref name=Census2010/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2010/2010data/table7cm.xls Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010], New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, Februarius 2011. Accessus Kalendis Maiis 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Brooks, Steve B. [[2019]]. &quot;Built to Serve: Damaged by Superstorm Sandy, New Jersey post opens new facility with six apartments for homeless veterans.&quot; ''The American Legion Magazine'' 187, no. 3 (September): 46–48. ISSN 0886-1234.
*Ziegler-McPherson, Christina A. [[2011]]. ''Immigrants in Hoboken, One-Way Ticket, 1845–1985.'' Charleston: History Press. ISBN 978-1-60949-163-5.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Hoboken|Hobocen}}

[[Categoria:Urbes Novae Caesareae]]</text>
      <sha1>j3wcqyjdywn15g2tpmwuh7coxk6oogk</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3965378</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-17T23:17:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
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      <text bytes="1962" sha1="eb8xgf5zl1036ai0ytnyk9avpvrv01o" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Hoboken NJ photo Don Ramey Logan.jpg|thumb|Despectus in Hobocen ex [[aer]]e super [[Flumen Hudsonianum]].]]
'''Hobocen'''{{FD ref}} ([[Anglice]] ''Hoboken,'' a nomine [[lingua Unami|Unamico]] ''Hupokàn''&lt;!--&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.talk-lenape.org/detail.php?id=1474 Hoboken] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616173751/http://www.talk-lenape.org/detail.php?id=1474 |date=16 Iunii 2016 }}, Lenape Talking Dictionary. accessum 2 Iunii 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;--&gt;) est [[urbs]] in [[Comitatus Hudsonianus (Nova Caesarea)|Comitatu Hudsoniano]] in [[Nova Caesarea]] [[Civitatum Foederatarum civitas|civitate]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Americana]], pars [[area metropolitana Novi Eboraci|areae metropolitanae Novi Eboraci]] et situs {{Creanda|en|Hoboken Terminal|Terminus Hobocenianus|Termini Hoboceniani}}, magni {{Creanda|en|Transportation hub|axis transportationis}}. Secundum [[Census Civitatum Foederatarum anni 2020|Censum Civitatum Foederatarum anni 2020]]. urbi erant 60&amp;thinsp;419 cives,&lt;!-- &lt;ref name=Census2020/&gt;&lt;ref name=LWD2020/&gt; --&gt; 10&amp;thinsp;414 (+20.8%) plus quam [[Census Civitatum Foederatarum anni 2010|anno 2010]].&lt;!--&lt;ref name=Census2010/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nj.gov/labor/labormarketinformation/assets/PDFs/census/2010/2010data/table7cm.xls Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010], New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, Februarius 2011. Accessus Kalendis Maiis 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; --&gt;

==Bibliographia==
*Brooks, Steve B. [[2019]]. &quot;Built to Serve: Damaged by Superstorm Sandy, New Jersey post opens new facility with six apartments for homeless veterans.&quot; ''The American Legion Magazine'' 187, no. 3 (September): 46–48. ISSN 0886-1234.
*Ziegler-McPherson, Christina A. [[2011]]. ''Immigrants in Hoboken, One-Way Ticket, 1845–1985.'' Charleston: History Press. ISBN 978-1-60949-163-5.

==Nexus externi==
{{CommuniaCat|Hoboken|Hobocen}}

[[Categoria:Urbes Novae Caesareae]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Disputatio Usoris:Grufo</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-18T00:55:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
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      <comment>/* De involuntaria invocatione */ Novum caput</comment>
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      <text bytes="33577" sha1="ds3oapx7rj0qc2sveayo8289x45hche" xml:space="preserve">{{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}}

Disputationes veteres:
{{Specialis:Praefixa/Disputatio Usoris:Grufo/Tabularium}}

== Translation request ==

Hello, Grufo.

Can you create an article about the American Democratic Vice Presidential candidate [[:en:Tim Walz]] ([[Timotheus Iacobus Walz]]) in Latin Wikipedia, just like for the Republican Vice Presidential candidate [[Iacobus David Vance]]?

Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 12:48, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)

: Hi. I did not create the [[Iacobus David Vance]] page, I only [[Specialis:Diff/3848980/3849044|corrected a few things]], mostly of typographical nature. Of course a [[Timotheus Iacobus Walz]] page would be a nice thing to have. But asking users to do something for us usually rarely works. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:01, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)
::I understand. Thank you for the reply. I also posted the same question to the original uploader. Though I think he or she is a &quot;one timer&quot; and might not upload or edit again. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 13:22, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)
::: I do not know why the original author created Vance's page, but it is not to be excluded that they did it as a consequence of political affiliation (nothing is wrong with that, as long their contribution is encyclopedic), and if that is the case asking the same person to create the page of their political adversary will likely not work. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:27, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)
::::That also later crossed my mind. I personally did not request a translation due to political reasons. I just thought that the other Vice Presidential candidate should also have an article in Latin Wikipedia. Never mind. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 13:34, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)
::::: No problem. Let's see how the original author reacts. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:41, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)
::::::To my surprise, the original author uploaded the second article as well. I have thanked him or her and I thank you as well. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 15:59, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)
::::::: I am happy they did! :) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:01, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)

== Nomination ==
Hi, Grufo. I just proposed you at [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus/Grufo]]. When you have a spare moment, please go there and indicate your willingness -- thank you! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:23, 7 Septembris 2024 (UTC)
: Thank you, Andrew! :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:46, 7 Septembris 2024 (UTC)
::As you may have noticed, you are elected nemine contradicente. An excellent result! I will now attempt to give you the appropriate permissions. I'm sorry I have been absent rather often on real world concerns, and this may continue for a while. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:23, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC)
:::Done, I think. Next time you log in, verify if you have some unaccustomed powers. Notably, you should be able to delete a page (which should be helpful to you and to others who may need to have a page deleted), and protect a page from some groups of editors, and you should be able to block a user, named or anonymous. Tell me if I can help with anything. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:36, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC)
:::: Hooray! :-) You have absolutely nothing to apologize for, Andrew. I am very grateful for your sponsorship. I hope your real world concerns will soon calm down. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:19, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC)

== Candidatus ad magistratum propositus ==

Gratias tibi ago, Grufo optime! Me maxime honorasti me ad electionem in circulum magistratuum proponens. Praeter doctrinam meam debiliorem imprimis inopia temporis liberi me monet, ne hoc munus acciperem. Per septuaginta horas cuiusque hebdomadae munere medici occupatus sum. Ideo non prius quam circa mediam noctem ad Vicipaediam nostram accedere soleo. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 20:47, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
: Gratias tibi ago, Bis-Taurine, quia mihi scripsisti. Paucum tempus non est magnum incommodum, multi sunt magistratus apud nos qui inter se laborem distribuunt (nihilominus a magistratu haud maior labor, sed sapientia tantum requiritur). Nisi tibi displacet “magistratus mediae noctis” fieri, tuam petitionem proponere adhuc cupio. Attamen importunē insistere nolo! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:46, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
:: @[[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]]: Demetrium Talpam et Marcum Terentium Bibliophilum [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Magistratus: novae nominationes|nuper proposui]]; et te, volentem, proponere cupio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:44, 15 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
::: Bis-Taurinus Grufoni salutem! Si paucum tempus et peritia mea exigua non impediunt, me canditatum proponas! [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 05:29, 16 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
:::: Euax! :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:47, 16 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

== Request ==

As mentioned in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 30#Disney cartoon articles]], there are some semi-protected pages that have been protected for 15 years now. Do you think it'd be OK to remove protection from them? I'm asking you because I see you've handled protections before. I also think that there should be some improvement to these pages, as they are generally stubs that have been short for 15 years. Should I start a new discussion at [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]] to get someone to add more content to the pages? [[Specialis:Conlationes/2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB|2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB]] 16:56, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
: Hi. It seems that the discussion you linked was not really in favour of removing the protection. It is true that four years have passed, however these pages are only semi-protected, all you need to edit them is an account. Have you considered creating one? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:01, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
:: Some of the pages were unprotected, and those haven't been vandalized since. I actually thought that the discussion was in favor by the end of it. Just a note, I'd have to wait four days to edit after creating an account. However, I was wondering if anyone could add more content to these pages. I saw [[Babe: Pig in the City]] was deleted, but could a new page be written to replace it? Also, I see the tag at [[Rugrats]], should that page be deleted? If I create an account, I'll let you know. [[Specialis:Conlationes/2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB|2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB]] 17:06, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
::: Account created. [[Usor:Shopping metaphor|Shopping metaphor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shopping metaphor|disputatio]]) 17:10, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
:::: That is great! Happy editing! :-)

== Petitio de Formula:AE ==
Salve Grufo! Potesne Formulam:AE in nostra Vicipaedia ratam facere ut exempli gratia in Vicipaedia Anglica. Nam nexum ad inscriptiones Latinas et Graecas praebet quae in ''[[L'Année épigraphique]]'' publicatae sunt. Vide exempli gratia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindia_gens Mindia gens] apud Anglicos (AE|2018|325). Etenim epigraphia Latinitati fons non negligendus aestimanda est. Ante aliquot annos Andreas Dalby hoc idem ad Formulam [[CIL]] effecerat. Te amabo si temptabis. --[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:17, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

Tibi gratias ago. Non difficile fortasse erat sed talium rerum non peritus sum.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:28, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

: Noli timere, magnopere quidem fuit facile factu. :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:33, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

:: {{Tpe|Postilla}} [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marce]], formulam {{Fn|AE ref}} quoque nunc habemus. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:54, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

== Capsa mendosa? ==

Hi! I’ve just noticed your [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 33#Capsa mendosa?|your ping from over a year ago]], but the problem seems to still persist, so better late than never. ☺ It’s probably because the same coats of arms are listed both [[d:Q81162#P154|as logos]] and [[d:Q81162#P94|as actual coats of arms]], so the solution is removing the logos from the Wikidata items. —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 11:39, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)
: Hi [[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]], thank you for reaching out. How about [[Specialis:Diff/3850542/3861571|this solution]]? To be really unbreakable it should be extended to the other image properties as well – because, for example, [[Collegium Sanctae Catharinae (Oxonia)|here]] the problem still persists. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:48, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)
:: {{tpe|Nova}} Maybe [[Specialis:Diff/3850542/3861576|this other solution]] solves everything once and for all. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:59, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)
:::I think it’s more of a workaround than a solution: Wikidata data is simply wrong (these images are coats of arms, not logos), so that should be fixed instead of changing the Wikipedia infobox. [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Property_talk:P94&amp;diff=2273008387 I’ve added a complex constraint on Wikidata that lists exact duplicates] (it won’t catch St Catherine’s College, but it will catch the others). —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 22:15, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)
:::: It makes sense. What our template does is simply a check for duplicate images (which under no circumstances need to be shown twice). Feel free to restore the check-free version if you want. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:28, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)
:::::I &lt;em&gt;think&lt;/em&gt; the checks shouldn’t be there, but I don’t &lt;em&gt;want&lt;/em&gt; to remove them, because I don’t consider myself part of the Latin Wikipedia community and thus want to leave the decision up to the community. (I’m not angry or something like that; it’s perfectly fine for me that you do whatever you want.) —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 23:15, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)
:::::: No problem, [[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]]. [[Specialis:Diff/3861576/3861607|I removed the checks]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:35, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

== Create a page for Peshkopi - Penestae in Latin ==
@[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] Hi dear Grufo! I am from Albania and I have a request. I want to ask you please can you create a page for Peshkopi: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshkopi  (Penestae in Latin) on Latin Wiki. I have asked Andrew Dalby to create it and he didn't created it. So I would be very grateful to you if you will create it yourself. Thanks [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:NevaleLevane|disputatio]]) 13:28, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
: Hi, [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]]. You have already sent me an email three days ago, to which I already replied. Please stop spamming. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:46, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] Hi Grufo! Now I see the email as I didn't checked it. When you will have time, you will create it? The title for Peshkopi in Latin is Penestae: https://www.loquis.com/en/loquis/2174022/Peshkopi https://latin_latin.en-academic.com/45532/PENESTAE https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe) Thanks [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:NevaleLevane|disputatio]]) 17:14, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::: @[[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]]: As I already wrote you via email, it is not my intention to create the page you are requesting, for at least the following reasons:
:::* The subject is not among my priorities
:::* Based on what I know '''and your own sources''' ([https://latin_latin.en-academic.com/45532/PENESTAE #1], [https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe) #2]), the ''Penestae'' were a tribe, not a place, and I don't know reliable sources that state otherwise (I will be happy to be contradicted) – actually, the Latin name of Peshkopi seems to be [[Episcopia (discretiva)|Episcopia]] (again, I am happy to be contradicted), whereas the locality where the ''Penestae'' lived was called ''Penestia'', as it seems
:::* If I ever had any intention to create such page, your fixation on a proper name without sources made any intention vanish (you started insisting on it already [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 34#Create articles for Korçë (Coryza - in Latin), Kukës (unknown name in Latin) and Peshkopi (Penestae - in Latin)|five months ago]]) – Btw, we can attempt to propose our translations of common names (see {{Fn|Convertimus}}), but doing the same with proper names is definitely out of question (it's like if I insisted – without sources – that your name is “Donald”)
::: --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:04, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)

== De quadam difficultate ==
Salve Grufo, scisne, cur &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Titulus italicus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; non valeat textum italicum reddere in commentatione [[Fabian oder Der Gang vor die Hunde (pellicula 2021)]]? [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 17:10, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
: Salve Neander! Credo titulum nimis longum esse causam (formula {{Fn|Titulus italicus}} non est sine defectibus). [[Specialis:Diff/3887061/3887066|Haec excogitatio]] similia incommoda solvere potest. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:31, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:: Rectum igitur hominem adii auxilium petens. Gratias ago quam maximas! [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 18:13, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)

== De voce [[Disportus in Italia]] ==
Ciao, Grufo. Avrei voluto scriverti in latino, ma presumendo che tu sia italiano ti parlerò nella nostra lingua. Scusami tanto se ti disturbo, ma volevo chiederti: come mai hai cancellato la voce [[Disportus in Italia]], creata da me nella giornata di ieri? Sarebbe stato un approfondimento importante sullo sport italiano (argomento di cui mi sto occupando molto), presente anche in molte altre edizioni di Wikipedia. È vero che quando hai cancellato la pagina essa consisteva in un mero elenco di sport con link rossi indirizzanti a sottopagine, ma avrei avuto l'intenzione di scriverla, ampliarla, correggerla, magari in giorni futuri: quindi non l'avrei lasciata in sospeso, abbandonando una voce appena creata, anzi, avrei anche scritto le pagine con i dettagli per ogni disciplina e magari creato una voce simile per altri paesi del mondo. Perciò volevo chiederti soltanto se la voce potrà essere riammessa o potrò comunque ricrearla (anche non adesso, lavorandoci magari prima sulla mia [[Usor:Davide2025/Harenarium|sandbox]]). Puoi rispondermi sulla mia [[Usor:Davide2025/Disputatio|talk]] ed eventualmente continuare a darmi suggerimenti per il futuro. A presto e ''magnas gratias tibi, mi Grufo''! [[Usor:Davide2025|Davide2025]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Davide2025|disputatio]]) 14:07, 21 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
: Ciao [[Usor:Davide2025|Davide]]. Il problema è che non si accettano pagine non finite nello spazio enciclopedico. Ci possono essere dei lavori in corso, ma allora si aggiunge {{Fn|In usu}} in cima alla pagina, altrimenti altri utenti assumeranno che la pagina è stata lasciata così (e infatti un altro utente ha chiesto la cancellazione immediata della pagina in quanto incompleta). Ho ripristinato la pagina in [[Usor:Davide2025/Harenarium/Disportus in Italia]]. Ti consiglio di svilupparla ulteriormente prima di metterla nello spazio enciclopedico. Buon lavoro. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:25, 21 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Transylvania et dies 11 Ianuarii ==

Salve Grufo!
Tibi [[Disputatio:11 Ianuarii|hic]] respondi. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 22:10, 5 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
: Gratias tibi ago, [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurine]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 5 Februarii 2026 (UTC)

== Tiro sum ==

Salve Grufo! Tiro hic sum, et magis scire volo de Vikipedia Latina. Nunc disco grammaticam Latinan libro Arnoldiis qui vocatur est “A practical introduction to Latin prose”, et libros Ciceronis lego. Estne fas hic scribere ut linguam Latinam discam? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 17:37, 11 Martii 2026 (UTC)
: Salve, [[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]. Utilissimum est Latine scribere ad Latinum discendum! Tua peritia linguae mihi videtur esse satis bona. Suadeo ut incipias paginas iam exstantes emendando. Si autem novas paginas scribere cupis, tibi licet sive eas statim creare sive nostro novo “[[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|systemate adumbrationum]]” uti. Tibi faustas emendationes auguror! Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:11, 11 Martii 2026 (UTC)
::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 10:53, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC)

== Adumbratorne ego? ==
Salve Grufo, demiror, qua de causa pagina [[Der fliegende Holländer (melodrama)]] a me incepta Adumbrationis titulo dignata sit. Melius hoc intellegerem, si fere omnes aliae paginae &quot;Adumbrationes&quot; essent. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 18:13, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC)
: Salve [[Usor:Neander|Neander]]! Hoc evēnit quia [[Usor:Bartholomite]] putavit [[Special:PermanentLink/3948086|hanc versionem paginae]] esse nimis brevem, idcirco in spatium adumbrationum [[Special:Diff/3948160/3948161|movit]]. Puto motionem rectam fuisse, sed nunc pagina est satis longa. Nihilominus [[Disputatio Usoris:Bartholomite#De paginis ad spatium adumbrationum motis|ei scripsi]] te monendum fore quotienscumque paginam a te creatam moveret. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:47, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC)

== [[UEFA Nations League]] ==

Salve Grufo, potesne paginae huius nomen ex Anglico in Latinum mutare? Vale, -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:39, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC)
: Salve [[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]. Credo istam mutationem in [[Disputatio:UEFA Nations League|pagina disputationis illius commentationis]] melius petendam esse. Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:10, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC)
::Petivi. Vale. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:20, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC)

== Quae sunt &quot;negativa lineamenta&quot;? ==

Dixisti quod differt motus &quot;caterva&quot; et &quot;grex&quot; inquantum caterva est grex negativis cum lineamentis. Cur? Caterva ergo annon extat ut motus pro structura abstracta-algebraica in Neo-Latinitate? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:11, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
: Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. “Caterva” est sicut “turba”, “multitudo sine ordine” (cf. “caterva verborum”), at “grex” est tantummodo aggregatio quaedam. Romani “catervam” saepe excercitūs aliarum gentium appellabant, raro suos. Vide {{Lewshort|caterva|catervam}} et {{L&amp;S|grex|gregem}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:06, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Oh, ergo in sensibus communibus differt, non in sensibus ut termata artis. (Sed &quot;grex&quot; erat terma ab Evaristo Galois confectum, ut pagina dicit.) Gratias ago! -- [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 05:14, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ita. Ultro, quod ad nomen ab Evaristo Galois confectum attinet, mihi videtur ipse nullum nomen Latinum, sed tantummodo vocabulum Francogallicum ''groupe'' adhibuisse. Erravine? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:25, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::Sic videtur. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 05:40, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

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Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:06, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Formulae ==

Hi, Grufo. I am happy to be back among Vicipaedians, and also happy that Vicipaedia has been getting better and better in my absence. I am very glad that you have been able to work so hard on it at a time when I could not. I notice, in creating new pages, that I should be using formulae &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Res}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; for article names, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ores}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; for names that are titles of works, and &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Anni vitae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Lifetime}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Correct? I'm sure there are other new formulae, and no doubt I will gradually pick them up, but if there are any more that you think I will need often, feel free to tell me! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:53, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)
: Hi Andrew! I am very glad you are back! Yes, {{Fn|ores}} stands for “res de opere”. It must not be confused with {{Fn|ires}}: both show the lemma in italic, but only {{Fn|ores}} adds the &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;cite&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; tag under the hood, which in turn instructs search engines that the page is about a work. As for {{Fn|anni vitae}}/{{Fn|lifetime}}, the second is simply a redirect to the first, so you are free to choose—although we should prefer Latin in our pages. Among the other things that have changed when you were not here, as far as I can recall, there is that the two old templates {{Fn|nexus desiderati}} and {{Fn|nexus absunt}} have been merged into one single template, and that {{Fn|creanda}} is now transitioning towards {{Fsn|pcc}} (the latter's title might change in the future); long story short, from now on, if you can, please write &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; instead of &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{creanda|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;. The advantage is that when eventually the missing page gets created, the new template is able to recognize it even if it got created under a different name. I don't know if there have been other big changes. If yes, probably you will notice! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:39, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)
::That's good. I could not quite follow the developments with &quot;creanda&quot;. Your explanation makes it clear, and I will use &quot;subst:creanda&quot;. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:48, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]]: Writing &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; is transitory in this phase to facilitate the usage of the new template. You can also directly write &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;, although this uses a slightly different syntax. Compare:
:::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|en=Direction (geometry)|directio|directionem}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::: and
:::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio|directionem}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::: [[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|The documentation]] should explain everything in detail. The point is that the new template is able to get the Wikidata entity of the linked page, and so both &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; and &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;, once you save the page, will eventually turn into,
:::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|directio|directionem|en|qid=Q2151613}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::: where {{para|qid|Q2151613}} contains the Wikidata entity. Once the template has the Wikidata entity, it no longer matters under which name a new page gets created, it will find it. Moreover, when that happens, [[:Categoria:Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant|this category]] will list the pages that now ask for the creation of pages that have already been created, and an empty edit (!) will be enough to remove the template from the page. For instance, on the top-right corner of the “[[Situs interretialis]]” page there is currently the icon of a blinking zero with a pencil; if you click on it and then click on “Mutationes ostendere”, everything should be more clear. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:31, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::I did begin to write &quot;subst:creanda&quot; instead of &quot;creanda&quot;. What happened was that immediately on saving my work it changed to the next step, with a much longer template name &quot;safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve&quot; and rearranged elements. This made it harder to continue editing the page. So, to stop that immediate change happening, I've gone back to writing &quot;creanda&quot;. I take it the whole series of changes, from &quot;creanda&quot; to &quot;subst:creanda&quot;, and on, can be done automatically at some later stage? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]: I just created {{Fsn|creanda/m}}. Now if you write
::::::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda/m|en|Julie Gayet|fr|Julie Gayet|Iulia Gayet}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
:::::: when you save the page it gets replaced with
::::::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:creanda|en|Julie Gayet|fr|Julie Gayet|Iulia Gayet}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
:::::: When you save the page one time more it gets replaced with
::::::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iulia Gayet||fr|en|qid=Q435925}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
:::::: Is that what you were looking for? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:07, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::: P.S. I can also create it with a timer (e.g. it doesn't get replaced before one day passes), but I'll need a bit longer to create that. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:29, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Grufo, you never cease to amaze me! You can do anything! I don't want to be awkward -- after all, if I were efficient, I could save all my potential improvements for one edit, and then do it, and it wouldn't be a problem. However, there may be some value, to others as well as to me, if it works after a fixed delay (a day, as you suggest). Others, not only me, re-read and revise their edits immediately after saving the essential part. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:58, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::: Thank you, Andrew. Consider it done :) P.S. The long name “Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve” could be temporary: one day, when all transclusions of {{Fn|Creanda}} will be gone (I think they are about 2000 at the moment), we can rename {{Fn|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve}} to {{Fn|Creanda}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:21, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]: I added a timer of one day to {{Fsn|creanda/m}} (you will have to tolerate a {{para|t}} parameter that gets automatically added to save the starting time). What do you think? You would use {{Fsn|creanda/m}} exacly like you would use {{Fn|creanda}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:15, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::Fine, thanks! I'll use {{Fsn|creanda/m}} from now on. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:31, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Citation style ==

Hi, Grufo. Thanks for working on &quot;[[Dis-moi ce que tu manges: je te dirai ce que tu es]]&quot;. I have just one question about the citation style. Is it really a good idea to aim to put months as well as years in the parenthetic date that follows the author's name? My impression is that English Wikipedians sometimes do this, and that Google Books sometimes inserts days and months (totally unreliably) alongside years of publication, but that people writing bibliographies in the real world don't do it. It would be quite a matter of chance whether the information is available or not. What do you think about that? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:10, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
: Hi [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]. I think that with books definitely the year alone should be enough. The month maybe can be useful with journals (it is true though that volume and issue numbers should be enough). Maybe a general exception is when an author publishes two or more works in the same year: in that case the month might be the only way to write the Chicago-style short citation (e.g. &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{qc|Einstein, Mai. 2021}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; and &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{qc|Einstein, Iul. 2021}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;). Long story short: feel free to remove {{para|mensis}} and {{para|tempus ostentum}} from Melvin's article and {{para|mensis}} from Nemeroff's article! P.S. If you have any suggestions on how to improve the {{[[Formula:Opus|Opus]]}} template, please don't hesitate. When I wrote it I tried to find a compromise between English (and other languages') citation standards and the peculiarities of Latin tradition (for instance, I avoided using non-nominative forms like “Alberto Einstein auctore” or “Alberti Einstein ''Lorem Ipsum''”). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:48, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::In general your template works very well. I'll give it some thought. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:05, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== De involuntaria invocatione ==
@[[Usor:Amahoney|Amahoney]], @[[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]], @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], @[[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]], @[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], @[[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]], @[[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]], @[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] et [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]]: Amici, ignoscite mihi, quaeso, si invocationem involuntariam a me accepistis; exemplum tantum novae formulae {{[[Formula:Usores in colloquio#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:Usores in colloquio&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|subst:Usores in colloquio]]}} ostendere volui. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:55, 18 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ds3oapx7rj0qc2sveayo8289x45hche</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965444</id>
      <parentid>3965392</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T07:37:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* De involuntaria invocatione */</comment>
      <origin>3965444</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33584" sha1="038r62em43boo023qd526c7q9xnvmts" xml:space="preserve">{{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}}

Disputationes veteres:
{{Specialis:Praefixa/Disputatio Usoris:Grufo/Tabularium}}

== Translation request ==

Hello, Grufo.

Can you create an article about the American Democratic Vice Presidential candidate [[:en:Tim Walz]] ([[Timotheus Iacobus Walz]]) in Latin Wikipedia, just like for the Republican Vice Presidential candidate [[Iacobus David Vance]]?

Yours sincerely, [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 12:48, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)

: Hi. I did not create the [[Iacobus David Vance]] page, I only [[Specialis:Diff/3848980/3849044|corrected a few things]], mostly of typographical nature. Of course a [[Timotheus Iacobus Walz]] page would be a nice thing to have. But asking users to do something for us usually rarely works. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:01, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)
::I understand. Thank you for the reply. I also posted the same question to the original uploader. Though I think he or she is a &quot;one timer&quot; and might not upload or edit again. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 13:22, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)
::: I do not know why the original author created Vance's page, but it is not to be excluded that they did it as a consequence of political affiliation (nothing is wrong with that, as long their contribution is encyclopedic), and if that is the case asking the same person to create the page of their political adversary will likely not work. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:27, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)
::::That also later crossed my mind. I personally did not request a translation due to political reasons. I just thought that the other Vice Presidential candidate should also have an article in Latin Wikipedia. Never mind. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 13:34, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)
::::: No problem. Let's see how the original author reacts. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:41, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)
::::::To my surprise, the original author uploaded the second article as well. I have thanked him or her and I thank you as well. [[Specialis:Conlationes/31.200.11.5|31.200.11.5]] 15:59, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)
::::::: I am happy they did! :) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:01, 31 Augusti 2024 (UTC)

== Nomination ==
Hi, Grufo. I just proposed you at [[Vicipaedia:Petitio magistratus/Grufo]]. When you have a spare moment, please go there and indicate your willingness -- thank you! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:23, 7 Septembris 2024 (UTC)
: Thank you, Andrew! :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:46, 7 Septembris 2024 (UTC)
::As you may have noticed, you are elected nemine contradicente. An excellent result! I will now attempt to give you the appropriate permissions. I'm sorry I have been absent rather often on real world concerns, and this may continue for a while. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:23, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC)
:::Done, I think. Next time you log in, verify if you have some unaccustomed powers. Notably, you should be able to delete a page (which should be helpful to you and to others who may need to have a page deleted), and protect a page from some groups of editors, and you should be able to block a user, named or anonymous. Tell me if I can help with anything. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 19:36, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC)
:::: Hooray! :-) You have absolutely nothing to apologize for, Andrew. I am very grateful for your sponsorship. I hope your real world concerns will soon calm down. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:19, 15 Septembris 2024 (UTC)

== Candidatus ad magistratum propositus ==

Gratias tibi ago, Grufo optime! Me maxime honorasti me ad electionem in circulum magistratuum proponens. Praeter doctrinam meam debiliorem imprimis inopia temporis liberi me monet, ne hoc munus acciperem. Per septuaginta horas cuiusque hebdomadae munere medici occupatus sum. Ideo non prius quam circa mediam noctem ad Vicipaediam nostram accedere soleo. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 20:47, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
: Gratias tibi ago, Bis-Taurine, quia mihi scripsisti. Paucum tempus non est magnum incommodum, multi sunt magistratus apud nos qui inter se laborem distribuunt (nihilominus a magistratu haud maior labor, sed sapientia tantum requiritur). Nisi tibi displacet “magistratus mediae noctis” fieri, tuam petitionem proponere adhuc cupio. Attamen importunē insistere nolo! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:46, 11 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
:: @[[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]]: Demetrium Talpam et Marcum Terentium Bibliophilum [[Vicipaedia:Taberna#Magistratus: novae nominationes|nuper proposui]]; et te, volentem, proponere cupio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:44, 15 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
::: Bis-Taurinus Grufoni salutem! Si paucum tempus et peritia mea exigua non impediunt, me canditatum proponas! [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 05:29, 16 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
:::: Euax! :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 11:47, 16 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

== Request ==

As mentioned in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 30#Disney cartoon articles]], there are some semi-protected pages that have been protected for 15 years now. Do you think it'd be OK to remove protection from them? I'm asking you because I see you've handled protections before. I also think that there should be some improvement to these pages, as they are generally stubs that have been short for 15 years. Should I start a new discussion at [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]] to get someone to add more content to the pages? [[Specialis:Conlationes/2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB|2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB]] 16:56, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
: Hi. It seems that the discussion you linked was not really in favour of removing the protection. It is true that four years have passed, however these pages are only semi-protected, all you need to edit them is an account. Have you considered creating one? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:01, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
:: Some of the pages were unprotected, and those haven't been vandalized since. I actually thought that the discussion was in favor by the end of it. Just a note, I'd have to wait four days to edit after creating an account. However, I was wondering if anyone could add more content to these pages. I saw [[Babe: Pig in the City]] was deleted, but could a new page be written to replace it? Also, I see the tag at [[Rugrats]], should that page be deleted? If I create an account, I'll let you know. [[Specialis:Conlationes/2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB|2602:306:3384:B280:F98F:6E9D:3FBC:E1BB]] 17:06, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
::: Account created. [[Usor:Shopping metaphor|Shopping metaphor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Shopping metaphor|disputatio]]) 17:10, 18 Octobris 2024 (UTC)
:::: That is great! Happy editing! :-)

== Petitio de Formula:AE ==
Salve Grufo! Potesne Formulam:AE in nostra Vicipaedia ratam facere ut exempli gratia in Vicipaedia Anglica. Nam nexum ad inscriptiones Latinas et Graecas praebet quae in ''[[L'Année épigraphique]]'' publicatae sunt. Vide exempli gratia [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindia_gens Mindia gens] apud Anglicos (AE|2018|325). Etenim epigraphia Latinitati fons non negligendus aestimanda est. Ante aliquot annos Andreas Dalby hoc idem ad Formulam [[CIL]] effecerat. Te amabo si temptabis. --[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:17, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

Tibi gratias ago. Non difficile fortasse erat sed talium rerum non peritus sum.--[[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|disputatio]]) 15:28, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

: Noli timere, magnopere quidem fuit facile factu. :-) --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:33, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

:: {{Tpe|Postilla}} [[Usor:Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Marce]], formulam {{Fn|AE ref}} quoque nunc habemus. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:54, 20 Octobris 2024 (UTC)

== Capsa mendosa? ==

Hi! I’ve just noticed your [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 33#Capsa mendosa?|your ping from over a year ago]], but the problem seems to still persist, so better late than never. ☺ It’s probably because the same coats of arms are listed both [[d:Q81162#P154|as logos]] and [[d:Q81162#P94|as actual coats of arms]], so the solution is removing the logos from the Wikidata items. —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 11:39, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)
: Hi [[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]], thank you for reaching out. How about [[Specialis:Diff/3850542/3861571|this solution]]? To be really unbreakable it should be extended to the other image properties as well – because, for example, [[Collegium Sanctae Catharinae (Oxonia)|here]] the problem still persists. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:48, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)
:: {{tpe|Nova}} Maybe [[Specialis:Diff/3850542/3861576|this other solution]] solves everything once and for all. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:59, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)
:::I think it’s more of a workaround than a solution: Wikidata data is simply wrong (these images are coats of arms, not logos), so that should be fixed instead of changing the Wikipedia infobox. [https://www.wikidata.org/w/index.php?title=Property_talk:P94&amp;diff=2273008387 I’ve added a complex constraint on Wikidata that lists exact duplicates] (it won’t catch St Catherine’s College, but it will catch the others). —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 22:15, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)
:::: It makes sense. What our template does is simply a check for duplicate images (which under no circumstances need to be shown twice). Feel free to restore the check-free version if you want. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:28, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)
:::::I &lt;em&gt;think&lt;/em&gt; the checks shouldn’t be there, but I don’t &lt;em&gt;want&lt;/em&gt; to remove them, because I don’t consider myself part of the Latin Wikipedia community and thus want to leave the decision up to the community. (I’m not angry or something like that; it’s perfectly fine for me that you do whatever you want.) —[[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Tacsipacsi|disputatio]]) 23:15, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)
:::::: No problem, [[Usor:Tacsipacsi|Tacsipacsi]]. [[Specialis:Diff/3861576/3861607|I removed the checks]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:35, 10 Novembris 2024 (UTC)

== Create a page for Peshkopi - Penestae in Latin ==
@[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] Hi dear Grufo! I am from Albania and I have a request. I want to ask you please can you create a page for Peshkopi: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshkopi  (Penestae in Latin) on Latin Wiki. I have asked Andrew Dalby to create it and he didn't created it. So I would be very grateful to you if you will create it yourself. Thanks [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:NevaleLevane|disputatio]]) 13:28, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
: Hi, [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]]. You have already sent me an email three days ago, to which I already replied. Please stop spamming. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 16:46, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::@[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] Hi Grufo! Now I see the email as I didn't checked it. When you will have time, you will create it? The title for Peshkopi in Latin is Penestae: https://www.loquis.com/en/loquis/2174022/Peshkopi https://latin_latin.en-academic.com/45532/PENESTAE https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe) Thanks [[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:NevaleLevane|disputatio]]) 17:14, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
::: @[[Usor:NevaleLevane|NevaleLevane]]: As I already wrote you via email, it is not my intention to create the page you are requesting, for at least the following reasons:
:::* The subject is not among my priorities
:::* Based on what I know '''and your own sources''' ([https://latin_latin.en-academic.com/45532/PENESTAE #1], [https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Penestae_(tribe) #2]), the ''Penestae'' were a tribe, not a place, and I don't know reliable sources that state otherwise (I will be happy to be contradicted) – actually, the Latin name of Peshkopi seems to be [[Episcopia (discretiva)|Episcopia]] (again, I am happy to be contradicted), whereas the locality where the ''Penestae'' lived was called ''Penestia'', as it seems
:::* If I ever had any intention to create such page, your fixation on a proper name without sources made any intention vanish (you started insisting on it already [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 34#Create articles for Korçë (Coryza - in Latin), Kukës (unknown name in Latin) and Peshkopi (Penestae - in Latin)|five months ago]]) – Btw, we can attempt to propose our translations of common names (see {{Fn|Convertimus}}), but doing the same with proper names is definitely out of question (it's like if I insisted – without sources – that your name is “Donald”)
::: --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 18:04, 22 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)

== De quadam difficultate ==
Salve Grufo, scisne, cur &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Titulus italicus}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; non valeat textum italicum reddere in commentatione [[Fabian oder Der Gang vor die Hunde (pellicula 2021)]]? [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 17:10, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
: Salve Neander! Credo titulum nimis longum esse causam (formula {{Fn|Titulus italicus}} non est sine defectibus). [[Specialis:Diff/3887061/3887066|Haec excogitatio]] similia incommoda solvere potest. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:31, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)
:: Rectum igitur hominem adii auxilium petens. Gratias ago quam maximas! [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 18:13, 25 Aprilis 2025 (UTC)

== De voce [[Disportus in Italia]] ==
Ciao, Grufo. Avrei voluto scriverti in latino, ma presumendo che tu sia italiano ti parlerò nella nostra lingua. Scusami tanto se ti disturbo, ma volevo chiederti: come mai hai cancellato la voce [[Disportus in Italia]], creata da me nella giornata di ieri? Sarebbe stato un approfondimento importante sullo sport italiano (argomento di cui mi sto occupando molto), presente anche in molte altre edizioni di Wikipedia. È vero che quando hai cancellato la pagina essa consisteva in un mero elenco di sport con link rossi indirizzanti a sottopagine, ma avrei avuto l'intenzione di scriverla, ampliarla, correggerla, magari in giorni futuri: quindi non l'avrei lasciata in sospeso, abbandonando una voce appena creata, anzi, avrei anche scritto le pagine con i dettagli per ogni disciplina e magari creato una voce simile per altri paesi del mondo. Perciò volevo chiederti soltanto se la voce potrà essere riammessa o potrò comunque ricrearla (anche non adesso, lavorandoci magari prima sulla mia [[Usor:Davide2025/Harenarium|sandbox]]). Puoi rispondermi sulla mia [[Usor:Davide2025/Disputatio|talk]] ed eventualmente continuare a darmi suggerimenti per il futuro. A presto e ''magnas gratias tibi, mi Grufo''! [[Usor:Davide2025|Davide2025]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Davide2025|disputatio]]) 14:07, 21 Octobris 2025 (UTC)
: Ciao [[Usor:Davide2025|Davide]]. Il problema è che non si accettano pagine non finite nello spazio enciclopedico. Ci possono essere dei lavori in corso, ma allora si aggiunge {{Fn|In usu}} in cima alla pagina, altrimenti altri utenti assumeranno che la pagina è stata lasciata così (e infatti un altro utente ha chiesto la cancellazione immediata della pagina in quanto incompleta). Ho ripristinato la pagina in [[Usor:Davide2025/Harenarium/Disportus in Italia]]. Ti consiglio di svilupparla ulteriormente prima di metterla nello spazio enciclopedico. Buon lavoro. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:25, 21 Octobris 2025 (UTC)

== Transylvania et dies 11 Ianuarii ==

Salve Grufo!
Tibi [[Disputatio:11 Ianuarii|hic]] respondi. [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 22:10, 5 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
: Gratias tibi ago, [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurine]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 5 Februarii 2026 (UTC)

== Tiro sum ==

Salve Grufo! Tiro hic sum, et magis scire volo de Vikipedia Latina. Nunc disco grammaticam Latinan libro Arnoldiis qui vocatur est “A practical introduction to Latin prose”, et libros Ciceronis lego. Estne fas hic scribere ut linguam Latinam discam? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 17:37, 11 Martii 2026 (UTC)
: Salve, [[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]. Utilissimum est Latine scribere ad Latinum discendum! Tua peritia linguae mihi videtur esse satis bona. Suadeo ut incipias paginas iam exstantes emendando. Si autem novas paginas scribere cupis, tibi licet sive eas statim creare sive nostro novo “[[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|systemate adumbrationum]]” uti. Tibi faustas emendationes auguror! Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:11, 11 Martii 2026 (UTC)
::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 10:53, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC)

== Adumbratorne ego? ==
Salve Grufo, demiror, qua de causa pagina [[Der fliegende Holländer (melodrama)]] a me incepta Adumbrationis titulo dignata sit. Melius hoc intellegerem, si fere omnes aliae paginae &quot;Adumbrationes&quot; essent. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Neander|disputatio]]) 18:13, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC)
: Salve [[Usor:Neander|Neander]]! Hoc evēnit quia [[Usor:Bartholomite]] putavit [[Special:PermanentLink/3948086|hanc versionem paginae]] esse nimis brevem, idcirco in spatium adumbrationum [[Special:Diff/3948160/3948161|movit]]. Puto motionem rectam fuisse, sed nunc pagina est satis longa. Nihilominus [[Disputatio Usoris:Bartholomite#De paginis ad spatium adumbrationum motis|ei scripsi]] te monendum fore quotienscumque paginam a te creatam moveret. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:47, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC)

== [[UEFA Nations League]] ==

Salve Grufo, potesne paginae huius nomen ex Anglico in Latinum mutare? Vale, -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:39, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC)
: Salve [[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]. Credo istam mutationem in [[Disputatio:UEFA Nations League|pagina disputationis illius commentationis]] melius petendam esse. Vale. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:10, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC)
::Petivi. Vale. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:20, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC)

== Quae sunt &quot;negativa lineamenta&quot;? ==

Dixisti quod differt motus &quot;caterva&quot; et &quot;grex&quot; inquantum caterva est grex negativis cum lineamentis. Cur? Caterva ergo annon extat ut motus pro structura abstracta-algebraica in Neo-Latinitate? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:11, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
: Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. “Caterva” est sicut “turba”, “multitudo sine ordine” (cf. “caterva verborum”), at “grex” est tantummodo aggregatio quaedam. Romani “catervam” saepe excercitūs aliarum gentium appellabant, raro suos. Vide {{Lewshort|caterva|catervam}} et {{L&amp;S|grex|gregem}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:06, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Oh, ergo in sensibus communibus differt, non in sensibus ut termata artis. (Sed &quot;grex&quot; erat terma ab Evaristo Galois confectum, ut pagina dicit.) Gratias ago! -- [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 05:14, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ita. Ultro, quod ad nomen ab Evaristo Galois confectum attinet, mihi videtur ipse nullum nomen Latinum, sed tantummodo vocabulum Francogallicum ''groupe'' adhibuisse. Erravine? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:25, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::Sic videtur. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 05:40, 7 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

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Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

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== Formulae ==

Hi, Grufo. I am happy to be back among Vicipaedians, and also happy that Vicipaedia has been getting better and better in my absence. I am very glad that you have been able to work so hard on it at a time when I could not. I notice, in creating new pages, that I should be using formulae &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Res}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; for article names, &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Ores}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; for names that are titles of works, and &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Anni vitae}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Lifetime}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Correct? I'm sure there are other new formulae, and no doubt I will gradually pick them up, but if there are any more that you think I will need often, feel free to tell me! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:53, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)
: Hi Andrew! I am very glad you are back! Yes, {{Fn|ores}} stands for “res de opere”. It must not be confused with {{Fn|ires}}: both show the lemma in italic, but only {{Fn|ores}} adds the &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;cite&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; tag under the hood, which in turn instructs search engines that the page is about a work. As for {{Fn|anni vitae}}/{{Fn|lifetime}}, the second is simply a redirect to the first, so you are free to choose—although we should prefer Latin in our pages. Among the other things that have changed when you were not here, as far as I can recall, there is that the two old templates {{Fn|nexus desiderati}} and {{Fn|nexus absunt}} have been merged into one single template, and that {{Fn|creanda}} is now transitioning towards {{Fsn|pcc}} (the latter's title might change in the future); long story short, from now on, if you can, please write &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; instead of &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{creanda|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;. The advantage is that when eventually the missing page gets created, the new template is able to recognize it even if it got created under a different name. I don't know if there have been other big changes. If yes, probably you will notice! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:39, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)
::That's good. I could not quite follow the developments with &quot;creanda&quot;. Your explanation makes it clear, and I will use &quot;subst:creanda&quot;. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:48, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]]: Writing &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; is transitory in this phase to facilitate the usage of the new template. You can also directly write &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;, although this uses a slightly different syntax. Compare:
:::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|en=Direction (geometry)|directio|directionem}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::: and
:::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio|directionem}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::: [[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|The documentation]] should explain everything in detail. The point is that the new template is able to get the Wikidata entity of the linked page, and so both &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; and &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;, once you save the page, will eventually turn into,
:::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|directio|directionem|en|qid=Q2151613}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::: where {{para|qid|Q2151613}} contains the Wikidata entity. Once the template has the Wikidata entity, it no longer matters under which name a new page gets created, it will find it. Moreover, when that happens, [[:Categoria:Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant|this category]] will list the pages that now ask for the creation of pages that have already been created, and an empty edit (!) will be enough to remove the template from the page. For instance, on the top-right corner of the “[[Situs interretialis]]” page there is currently the icon of a blinking zero with a pencil; if you click on it and then click on “Mutationes ostendere”, everything should be more clear. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:31, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::I did begin to write &quot;subst:creanda&quot; instead of &quot;creanda&quot;. What happened was that immediately on saving my work it changed to the next step, with a much longer template name &quot;safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve&quot; and rearranged elements. This made it harder to continue editing the page. So, to stop that immediate change happening, I've gone back to writing &quot;creanda&quot;. I take it the whole series of changes, from &quot;creanda&quot; to &quot;subst:creanda&quot;, and on, can be done automatically at some later stage? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:23, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]: I just created {{Fsn|creanda/m}}. Now if you write
::::::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda/m|en|Julie Gayet|fr|Julie Gayet|Iulia Gayet}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
:::::: when you save the page it gets replaced with
::::::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:creanda|en|Julie Gayet|fr|Julie Gayet|Iulia Gayet}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
:::::: When you save the page one time more it gets replaced with
::::::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iulia Gayet||fr|en|qid=Q435925}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
:::::: Is that what you were looking for? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:07, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::: P.S. I can also create it with a timer (e.g. it doesn't get replaced before one day passes), but I'll need a bit longer to create that. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:29, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Grufo, you never cease to amaze me! You can do anything! I don't want to be awkward -- after all, if I were efficient, I could save all my potential improvements for one edit, and then do it, and it wouldn't be a problem. However, there may be some value, to others as well as to me, if it works after a fixed delay (a day, as you suggest). Others, not only me, re-read and revise their edits immediately after saving the essential part. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:58, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::: Thank you, Andrew. Consider it done :) P.S. The long name “Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve” could be temporary: one day, when all transclusions of {{Fn|Creanda}} will be gone (I think they are about 2000 at the moment), we can rename {{Fn|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve}} to {{Fn|Creanda}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:21, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::: @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]: I added a timer of one day to {{Fsn|creanda/m}} (you will have to tolerate a {{para|t}} parameter that gets automatically added to save the starting time). What do you think? You would use {{Fsn|creanda/m}} exacly like you would use {{Fn|creanda}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 21:15, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::Fine, thanks! I'll use {{Fsn|creanda/m}} from now on. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:31, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== Citation style ==

Hi, Grufo. Thanks for working on &quot;[[Dis-moi ce que tu manges: je te dirai ce que tu es]]&quot;. I have just one question about the citation style. Is it really a good idea to aim to put months as well as years in the parenthetic date that follows the author's name? My impression is that English Wikipedians sometimes do this, and that Google Books sometimes inserts days and months (totally unreliably) alongside years of publication, but that people writing bibliographies in the real world don't do it. It would be quite a matter of chance whether the information is available or not. What do you think about that? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:10, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
: Hi [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew]]. I think that with books definitely the year alone should be enough. The month maybe can be useful with journals (it is true though that volume and issue numbers should be enough). Maybe a general exception is when an author publishes two or more works in the same year: in that case the month might be the only way to write the Chicago-style short citation (e.g. &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{qc|Einstein, Mai. 2021}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; and &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{qc|Einstein, Iul. 2021}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;). Long story short: feel free to remove {{para|mensis}} and {{para|tempus ostentum}} from Melvin's article and {{para|mensis}} from Nemeroff's article! P.S. If you have any suggestions on how to improve the {{[[Formula:Opus|Opus]]}} template, please don't hesitate. When I wrote it I tried to find a compromise between English (and other languages') citation standards and the peculiarities of Latin tradition (for instance, I avoided using non-nominative forms like “Alberto Einstein auctore” or “Alberti Einstein ''Lorem Ipsum''”). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:48, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::In general your template works very well. I'll give it some thought. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:05, 14 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== De involuntaria invocatione ==
@[[Usor:Amahoney|Amahoney]], @[[Usor:Andreas Raether|Andreas Raether]], @[[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], @[[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]], @[[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]], @[[Usor:Frontfrog|Frontfrog]], @[[Usor:Giorno2|Giorno2]], @[[Usor:Ioshus Rocchio|Ioshus Rocchio]] et [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]]: Amici, ignoscite mihi, quaeso, si antea invocationem involuntariam a me acceperatis; exemplum tantum novae formulae {{[[Formula:Usores in colloquio#&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:Usores in colloquio&amp;#125;&amp;#125;|subst:Usores in colloquio]]}} ostendere volui. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:55, 18 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
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    <title>Michel Sogny</title>
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{{capsa hominis Vicidata}}
'''Michael Sogny''' (Francogallice ''Michel Sogny'', natus [[Palum (Aquitania)|Pali]] die [[21 Novembris]] [[1947]]) est clavicymbalista, [[compositor]] et scriptor Gallicus stirpis [[Hungaria|Hungaricae]]. Novum modum docendi [[clavicymbalum]] elaboravit.&lt;ref&gt;Valérie Sasportas (23 April 2010). [http://www.lefigaro.fr/livres/2010/04/22/03005-20100422ARTFIG00623-michel-sogny-la-musique-sans-soupir-.php «&amp;nbsp;Michel Sogny, La musique sans soupirs&amp;nbsp;»]. ''[[Le Figaro]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Radio Classique (December 2015). [http://www.radioclassique.fr/actu-classique/dossiers/dossiers-detail/lart-et-la-methode-de-michel-sogny.html &quot;L’art et la Méthode de Michel Sogny&quot;].&lt;/ref&gt; Eius methodus multis discipulis omnis aetatis facultatem dedit ut exercitatione huius instrumenti fruerentur, cum clavicymbali pulsatio generaliter inaccessibilis habeatur nisi in pueritia doceatur.&lt;ref&gt;«&amp;nbsp;L'histoire d'une adulte prodige&amp;nbsp;», Piano n°19, 2005–2006.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Vita ==
Michael Sogny Scholam Normalem Musicae Parisiensem frequentavit, ubi studia clavicymbali sub directione Iulii Gentil et Yvonnae Desportes persecutus est. Gradum magistri in [[psychologia]], [[gradus academicus|gradum]] baccalaureatus in litteris et gradum doctoris in [[philosophia]] possidet,&lt;ref&gt;''Le Processus de l'esprit créateur chez Liszt'' {{SUDOC|040853942}}&lt;/ref&gt; quem in [[Sorbona]] anno 1974 sub directione [[Vladimirus Jankélévitch|Vladimiri Jankélévich]] perfecit. Michael Sogny fundator est Fundationis SOS Talents.

Una cum [[Valerius Giscard d'Estaing|Valerio Giscard d'Estaing]] et Blandina Ollivier de Prévaux, abnepte [[Franciscus Liszt|Francisci Liszt]] Sogny unus ex membris fundatoribus Consociationis Gallicae Franciscus Liszt fuit.&lt;ref&gt;Association française Franz Liszt 1972 », Documentation Association Franz Liszt,‎ octobre 1972&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Une Association Franz Liszt|work=[[Le Figaro]]|date=16 October 1973|page=29|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/60784876@N06/49472640182/in/dateposted-public}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Methodus clavicymbali Michaelis Sogny ==
Methodus Sognyana in scholis eius Parisiis et Genevae docetur. Ab anno 1974, plus quam XX milia discipulorum clavicymbalum methodo Sogny didicerunt.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |first=Thierry |last=Hillériteau|title=Les antiques accords de Michel Sogny|work=[[Le Figaro]]|date=2 May 2014|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/mon-figaro/2014/05/02/10001-20140502ARTFIG00286-les-antiques-accords-de-michel-sogny.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=L'HUMANISTEDE LA MUSIQUE|date=18 May 2017|url=https://studylibfr.com/doc/5076546/de-la-musique---%C3%A9ditions-michel-de-maule}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Methodus ex duobus praecipuis componentibus constat: opera didactica – Prolegomena, quae parva exercitia repraesentant.&lt;ref&gt;François Lancel, &quot;En avant la musique&quot;, ''Le Parisien'',‎ mai 1981&lt;/ref&gt; Prolegomena perceptionem symphoniae musicalis et soni evolvunt.&lt;ref&gt;Stephan Friedrich, ''&quot;L'Art et la Méthode&quot;, Classica L'Express&quot;'',‎ décembre 2015, p. 4&lt;/ref&gt; Altera directio ex cyclo studiorum constat, ubi concentratio in evolutione facultatum technicarum, ut gestus et positiones manuum, posita est.&lt;ref&gt;Georges Hilleret, &quot;Le bonheur de jouer Bach après quelques mois de pratique&quot;, Télé 7 Jours,‎ 26 mai 1984&lt;/ref&gt;

Unus ex discipulis Sogny, qui exercitationem clavicymbali iam adultus inceperat, erat professor linguae Gallicae Michael Paris.&lt;ref&gt;Stephan Friedrich, ''&quot;Michèle Paris – L'adulte prodige&quot;'', Classica L'Express,‎ décembre 2014, p. 9&lt;/ref&gt; Post cursum quadriennalem methodus Sognyanae completum, anno aetatis suae trigesimo concertum solarium in Theatro Camporum Elysiorum sub patrocinio Ministerii Culturae exhibuit.&lt;ref&gt;Edgar Schneider, ''&quot;Jours de France&quot;'', Le Carnet de la Semaine,‎ 3 mai 1980&lt;/ref&gt;

Alia discipula felix Michaelis Sogny erat Claudina Zévaco, quae in Theatro Camporum Elysiorum annis 1983 et 1984 exhibuit.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;En Bref- Récital à la Fondation Cziffra&quot;, ''Le Monde'',‎ 26 mai 1984&lt;/ref&gt;

Anno 1981, Senatus formaliter Ministrum Culturae, Iacobum Lang, appellavit ut de introductione [[methodologia]]e Michaelis Sogny per totam Galliam disceptaret.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Enseignement de la musique : extension du centre Michel Sogny – Sénat|url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/60784876@N06/25294925464}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221017174615/http://www.michelsogny.ch/ Michel Sogny Official Website]
* [https://www.lefigaro.fr/musique/michel-sogny-l-art-de-la-resilience-20220605 Michel Sogny, l’art de la résilience] [[Le Figaro]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221017174620/http://www.academie-michel-sogny.ch/ Michel Sogny Academy]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220508032616/http://www.michelsogny.com/ Michel Sogny Personal Website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221021030101/http://www.sos-talents.ch/ SOS Talents Foundation]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150822211931/http://www.artchipel.net/fr/compositeur/sogny-michel/ Works at Artchipel]
* [https://www.laflutedepan.com/recherche?Effiltre=1&amp;Effiltre2=0&amp;tri=0&amp;page=0001&amp;boutique=&amp;instrument=&amp;style=&amp;motcle=michel+sogny laflutedepan.com]

{{Lifetime|1947||Sogny, Michel}}

[[Categoria:Musici Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Compositores Franciae]]</text>
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      <comment>De redirectionibus ad eundem scopum</comment>
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				setting|hi/p|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;=}}|
				list
			}}
		}}&lt;noinclude /&gt;}&lt;noinclude /&gt;}&lt;noinclude /&gt;
		| {{#if:{{{#qid|}}}
			| {{#if:{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}]]
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}]]
			}}{{Sin secus
				| 1 = {{#invoke:params|
					excluding_non-numeric_names|
					sequential|
					trimming_values|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					squeezing|
					entering_substack|
						with_value_matching|d|strict|
						detaching_substack|
						mapping_by_calling|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus|
							values_only_as|lingua|
							let|pagina|{{{#qid}}}#sitelinks-wikipedia|
							let|latine|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|
					leaving_substack|
					mapping_by_calling|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/legatio|values_only|
						let|#qid|{{{#qid}}}|
						let|#latine|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|
					flushing|
					list_values
				}}{{#invoke:params|
					with_name_not_matching|^#|
					all_sorted|
					entering_substack|
						excluding_non-numeric_names|
						detaching_substack|
						renaming_by_mixing|$@|
						detaching_substack|
					dropping_substack|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					mapping_by_calling|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus|
						names_and_values_as|lingua|pagina|
						let|latine|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|
					list_values
				}}
				| 2 = &lt;sup style=&quot;font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;[[:d:{{{#qid}}}#sitelinks-wikipedia|(d)]]&lt;/sup&gt;
				| 3 = &lt;sup style=&quot;font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;
				| 4 = &lt;/sup&gt;
			}}{{#if:{{{#titulus-iam-creatus|}}}|{{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda|qid={{{#qid}}}|propositum={{{#propositum}}}}}}}
			| {{#if:{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}]]
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}]]
			}}{{#invoke:params|
				excluding_numeric_names|
				with_name_not_matching|^#|
				all_sorted|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				mapping_by_calling|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus|
					names_and_values_as|lingua|pagina|
					let|latine|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|
				setting|h/f/n|&lt;sup style{{=}}&quot;font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/sup&gt;{{#if:{{{#titulus-iam-creatus|}}}
					| {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda|qid=|propositum={{{#propositum}}}}}
					| {{#ifeq:{{{#propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur]]}}
				}}|&lt;sup style{{=}}&quot;padding-left: 1px; font-size: .75em; cursor: help; color: #090;&quot; title{{=}}&quot;Significatio huius nexus rubri non intellegitur; adde nexum intervicialem si potes (e.g. ‘…&amp;#124;en&amp;#61;{{Textus planus|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}}}’).&quot;&gt;&amp;#91;&lt;i&gt;nexus intervicialis desideratur ([[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auxilium]])&lt;/i&gt;&amp;#93;&lt;/sup&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{#propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent]]}}|
				list_values
			}}
		}}
	}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|contenta={{Formula machinaria}}}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>epznytg92dtoyqreaomqmc0l6yx86l5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965422</id>
      <parentid>3965421</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T05:08:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Mendam correxi</comment>
      <origin>3965422</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5431" sha1="jsd1ry5vjfls4zr9undyqzlg2bgeg06" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{#instantia-iam-creata|}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:
		{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;ucfirst:{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}}}|{{{#instantia-iam-creata}}}|/|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:redirection|get_target_page|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}}}|{{{#instantia-iam-creata|}}}|/}}}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;ucfirst:{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}}}|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}
				| [[{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}]]
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}]]
			}}
			| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}]]
		}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;ucfirst:{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}}}|{{{#instantia-iam-creata}}}
				| [[{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}]]
				| [[{{{#instantia-iam-creata}}}|{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}]]
			}}
			| [[{{{#instantia-iam-creata}}}|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}]]
		}}
	}}{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{{#propositum|}}}|exhibitio||{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Si in substitutione||{{Recensio vacua exspectatur|summarium=Formulam {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve]]}} detraxi, quia pagina creata est.}}}}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Si in substitutione|/}}
		| &lt;noinclude /&gt;{&lt;noinclude /&gt;{&lt;noinclude /&gt;safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}|{{{#verba-ostendenda}}}}}{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{#qid|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				sequential|
				setting|hi|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}|
				list_values|
			}}{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				with_name_not_matching|^#|
				entering_substack|
					excluding_non-numeric_names|
					detaching_substack|
					renaming_by_mixing|$@|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				setting|hi|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}|
				for_each|$#}}{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}qid{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;=}}{{{#qid}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				excluding_numeric_names|
				with_name_not_matching|^#|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				all_sorted|
				setting|hi/p|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;=}}|
				list
			}}
		}}&lt;noinclude /&gt;}&lt;noinclude /&gt;}&lt;noinclude /&gt;
		| {{#if:{{{#qid|}}}
			| {{#if:{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}]]
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}]]
			}}{{Sin secus
				| 1 = {{#invoke:params|
					excluding_non-numeric_names|
					sequential|
					trimming_values|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					squeezing|
					entering_substack|
						with_value_matching|d|strict|
						detaching_substack|
						mapping_by_calling|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus|
							values_only_as|lingua|
							let|pagina|{{{#qid}}}#sitelinks-wikipedia|
							let|latine|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|
					leaving_substack|
					mapping_by_calling|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/legatio|values_only|
						let|#qid|{{{#qid}}}|
						let|#latine|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|
					flushing|
					list_values
				}}{{#invoke:params|
					with_name_not_matching|^#|
					all_sorted|
					entering_substack|
						excluding_non-numeric_names|
						detaching_substack|
						renaming_by_mixing|$@|
						detaching_substack|
					dropping_substack|
					with_value_not_matching||strict|
					mapping_by_calling|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus|
						names_and_values_as|lingua|pagina|
						let|latine|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|
					list_values
				}}
				| 2 = &lt;sup style=&quot;font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;[[:d:{{{#qid}}}#sitelinks-wikipedia|(d)]]&lt;/sup&gt;
				| 3 = &lt;sup style=&quot;font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;
				| 4 = &lt;/sup&gt;
			}}{{#if:{{{#titulus-iam-creatus|}}}|{{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda|qid={{{#qid}}}|propositum={{{#propositum}}}}}}}
			| {{#if:{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|{{{#verba-ostendenda|}}}]]
				| [[{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}]]
			}}{{#invoke:params|
				excluding_numeric_names|
				with_name_not_matching|^#|
				all_sorted|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				mapping_by_calling|Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus|
					names_and_values_as|lingua|pagina|
					let|latine|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}|
				setting|h/f/n|&lt;sup style{{=}}&quot;font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;|&lt;/sup&gt;{{#if:{{{#titulus-iam-creatus|}}}
					| {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda|qid=|propositum={{{#propositum}}}}}
					| {{#ifeq:{{{#propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur]]}}
				}}|&lt;sup style{{=}}&quot;padding-left: 1px; font-size: .75em; cursor: help; color: #090;&quot; title{{=}}&quot;Significatio huius nexus rubri non intellegitur; adde nexum intervicialem si potes (e.g. ‘…&amp;#124;en&amp;#61;{{Textus planus|{{{#pagina-desiderata}}}}}’).&quot;&gt;&amp;#91;&lt;i&gt;nexus intervicialis desideratur ([[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auxilium]])&lt;/i&gt;&amp;#93;&lt;/sup&gt;{{#ifeq:{{{#propositum|}}}|exhibitio||[[Categoria:Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent]]}}|
				list_values
			}}
		}}
	}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|contenta={{Formula machinaria}}}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jsd1ry5vjfls4zr9undyqzlg2bgeg06</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/doc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>320929</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965423</id>
      <parentid>3965132</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T05:10:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Documentationem redintegravi</comment>
      <origin>3965423</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14558" sha1="lu09375q0alkdqylim9sf1hd2zxdc0e" xml:space="preserve">{{Subpagina documentationis}}
{{Substitutio quae suam transclusionem protrahit
	| 1 = ...
	| formula = pcc
	| seu 1 = pcc
	| seu 2 = pagina creanda creatave
	| seu 3 = pagina creanda
	| seu 4 = nexus intervicialis
	| seu 5 = niv
}}

{{Formula transitoria}}
{{Compendia substitutionis|pcc|niv|pagina creanda}}
{{Lua|Modulus:Params|Modulus:Redirection|Modulus:Vicidata}}

In Vicipaedia, omnes nexus rubri in pagina speciali [[Specialis:Paginae desideratae|paginarum desideratarum]] numerantur, attamen quomodo tales paginae ad paginas aliis linguis annectantur ignorabitur; haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] intercedit ut nexus interviciales de paginis absentibus indicentur.

{{Nota bene}} Non tibi licet substitutionem {{fsn|pcc}} in notis &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;&lt;ref&gt;...&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; inserere; ut hoc facias, utere substitutione {{fsn|cref}}.

== De usu ==

; Syntaxis 1
: &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:'''nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve'''&amp;#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;verba ostenta&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;tessera linguae=''pagina barbara''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;...&amp;#93;''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
: vel
: &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:'''pcc'''&amp;#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;verba ostenta&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;tessera linguae=''pagina barbara''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;...&amp;#93;''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
; Syntaxis 2
: &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:'''nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve'''&amp;#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;verba ostenta&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;tessera linguae 1&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;tessera linguae 2&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;...&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;tessera linguae N&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;qid=''entitas Vicidatorum''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
: vel
: &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:'''pcc'''&amp;#124;''nomen paginae Latinae''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;verba ostenta&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;tessera linguae 1&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;tessera linguae 2&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;...&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;''&amp;#91;tessera linguae N&amp;#93;''&amp;#124;qid=''entitas Vicidatorum''&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;

=== Exempla ===

Si pagina nondum exsistit:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES|en=LARES (satellite)}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES||en|d=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|d|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|it|fr|en|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|it|fr|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* Si nomen Latinum paginae est idem ac nomen '''omnibus''' aliis linguis '''a te praebitis''', nomen Latinum sufficet:
** &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
**: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en|propositum=exhibitio}}
**:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS|LAGEOS satelliti|en|qid=Q1797842}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
** &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LAGEOS||en}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
**: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|propositum=exhibitio}}
**:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|qid=Q1797842}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{Ast}}

Si pagina iam exsitit:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|Spatii temporisque tractio|en=Frame-dragging}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatii temporisque tractio|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatii temporisque tractio]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|abcd efgh ijkl|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|abcd efgh ijkl|Spatii temporisque tractione|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Spatii temporisque tractione]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|abcd efgh ijkl|en=Frame-dragging}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|abcd efgh ijkl|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatii temporisque tractio|abcd efgh ijkl]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{Ast}}

Quum iam est pagina Latina quae ad Vicidata nectit sed titulus Latinus praebitus differt, pagina intervicialis praevalebit:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|en=Frame-dragging}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Marcus Tullius Cicero]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=Frame-dragging}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=Frame-dragging|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatii temporisque tractio|Cicero]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{Ast}}

Quum titulus Latinus iam exsistit sed nexus ad Vicidata praebitum abest aut aliud indicat, [[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda|signum quoddam]] ostendetur atque pagina in [[:Categoria:Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis]] numerabitur:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=LARES (satellite)}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en=LARES (satellite)|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero|en|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{Ast}}

Argumenta {{para|d}} et {{para|qid}} in hoc tantum differunt, quod argumentum {{para|d}} in pagina ostendetur:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370}}}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|en|d|qid=Q427370}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

{{Ast}}

Si e paginis intervicialibus praebitis nullum argumentum {{para|qid}} deduci potest, pagina nectens in [[:Categoria:Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur]] numerabitur.

{{Ast}}

Si nulla alia pagina intervicialis nectitur, monitus “nexus intervicialis desideratur” ostenditur et pagina in [[:Categoria:Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent]] numeratur:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|LARES (satelles)|LARES}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ {{Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES|propositum=exhibitio}}
*:: ↳ (Vicitextus divulgatus:) &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES (satelles)|LARES}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Hoc perutile est quotienscumque nexus rubrus obscurus invenitur.

== De vetere formula {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} vertenda ==
Si pagina formulam {{fn|creanda}} iam adhibet et ad hanc substitutionem convertenda est, substitue formulam {{Fsn|creanda}} in eius locum. Exempli gratia:

* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda|en|Direction (geometry)|directio}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
* &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Creanda|en|Skater|d|Q1259045|Pattinator|pattinatricem}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
*: ↳ &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:creanda|en|Skater|d|Q1259045|Pattinator|pattinatricem}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Si omnia manu vertere vis, tantummodo substitue partes vicitextūs his exemplis acclaratas:

* &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;&lt;mark&gt;creanda&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;#124;en&lt;mark&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/mark&gt;Giant Magellan Telescope&amp;#124;Ingens Telescopium Magellanicum&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
*: ↳ &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;&lt;mark&gt;subst:pcc&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;#124;en&lt;mark&gt;=&lt;/mark&gt;Giant Magellan Telescope&amp;#124;Ingens Telescopium Magellanicum&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
* &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;&lt;mark&gt;creanda&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;#124;en&lt;mark&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/mark&gt;Direction (geometry)&amp;#124;d&lt;mark&gt;&amp;#124;&lt;/mark&gt;Q2151613&amp;#124;directio&amp;#124;directionem&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
*: ↳ &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;&lt;mark&gt;subst:pcc&lt;/mark&gt;&amp;#124;en&lt;mark&gt;&amp;#61;&lt;/mark&gt;Direction (geometry)&amp;#124;d&lt;mark&gt;&amp;#61;&lt;/mark&gt;Q2151613&amp;#124;directio&amp;#124;directionem&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;

=== Expressiones regulares ad veterem formulam vertendam ===
{{Folium flexibile
	| exordium = collapsum
	| praeambulum = Ad versionem veteris formulae accelerandam, nonnullae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|expressio regularis|expressiones regulares|en|qid=Q185612}} adhiberi possunt.
	| corpus =

; Expressio regularis (formulā {{fn|Creanda}} dumtaxat cum lingua una):
: &lt;code&gt;\&amp;#123;\&amp;#123;\s*Creanda\s*(\&amp;#124;[^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)(\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+))?\&amp;#125;\&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
; Substitutio (dumtaxat cum lingua una):
: &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:pcc\1&amp;#61;\2&amp;#124;\3\4&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
; Expressio regularis (dumtaxat cum linguis duabus):
: &lt;code&gt;\&amp;#123;\&amp;#123;\s*Creanda\s*(\&amp;#124;[^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)(\&amp;#124;[^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+)(\&amp;#124;([^\&amp;#124;\&amp;#125;]+))?\&amp;#125;\&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;
; Substitutio (dumtaxat cum linguis duabus):
: &lt;code&gt;&amp;#123;&amp;#123;subst:pcc\1&amp;#61;\2\3&amp;#61;\4&amp;#124;\5\6&amp;#125;&amp;#125;&lt;/code&gt;

}}

== Subformulae machinariae ==
* &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/bivium}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125;
* &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/legatio}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125;
* &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nectenda}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125;
* &amp;#123;&amp;#123;{{rel|Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve/nexus}}&amp;#125;&amp;#125;

== Synonyma ==
* {{Fsn|pagina creanda creatave}}
* {{Fsn|pagina creanda}}
* {{Fsn|nexus intervicialis}}
* {{Fsn|niv}}
* {{Fsn|pcc}}

== Ulteriora si cupis ==
{{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae
	| Paginae quae recensionem vacuam exspectant
	| Paginae cum nexibus ad Vicidata nectendis
	| Paginae quae ad paginas interviciales sine Vicidatis nectuntur
	| Paginae quae nexus internos obscuros exhibent
}}

* {{Fsn|Annotatio cum paginis creandis}}
* {{Fn|Nexus obscurus}}
* {{Fn|Convertimus}}
* {{Fn|Nexus ad recensendum}}
* {{Fn|Creetur}}
* {{Fn|Creetur caput}}
* {{Fn|Nexus ad recensendum}}
* {{Fn|Creanda}} – formula obsoleta
** {{Nexus cum parametris
	| 1 = Specialis:Quaerere
	| 2 = Paginae quae formulam &amp;#123;&amp;#123;Creanda&amp;#125;&amp;#125; adhuc adhibent
	| sort = last_edit_desc
	| search = insource:/\{\{\s*creanda\s*\{{!}}/i
	| profile = advanced
	| fulltext = 1
	| limit = 500
	| ns0 = 1
	| ns1 = 1
	| ns2 = 1
	| ns3 = 1
	| ns4 = 1
	| ns5 = 1
	| ns6 = 1
	| ns7 = 1
	| ns8 = 1
	| ns9 = 1
	| ns10 = 1
	| ns11 = 1
	| ns12 = 1
	| ns13 = 1
	| ns14 = 1
	| ns15 = 1
	| ns100 = 1
	| ns101 = 1
	| ns828 = 1
	| ns829 = 1
}}

&lt;includeonly&gt;{{in harenario aut alibi||
&lt;!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --&gt;
[[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae scholiasticae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae variadicae|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae interviciales|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Categoria:Formulae Vicidatorum|{{PAGENAME}}]]
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lu09375q0alkdqylim9sf1hd2zxdc0e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vicipaedia:Taberna</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>322071</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965292</id>
      <parentid>3965161</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T12:05:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Demetrius Talpa</username>
        <id>81729</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* &quot;-karyotica&quot; vel &quot;-caryotica&quot;? */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>3965292</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36098" sha1="8xc3bltwy1d5xs75ilg01w5h46y3kqs" xml:space="preserve">{{/Praefatio}}

== De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur ==
In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
:Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked &quot;stipula&quot;; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
:::For example, just today, someone added &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{urbs-stipula}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot; to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
:::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
:::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) 
:: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the &lt;code&gt;adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
:::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
:::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC)
:::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC)
@[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Pagina neglecta}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Pagina neglecta}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; template could look more or less like this:

{{Capsa annuntiationis
	| color = #7f83d7
	| pigmentum = #f3f4fb
	| imago = P writing.svg
	| 1 =

'''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!'''

Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere!

}}

We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC)
:That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC)
:: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the &lt;code&gt;Adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; namespace. So the picture should look as follows:
::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities:
::*# We improve it (prefereable solution)
::*# We move it to the &lt;code&gt;Adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following)
::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable)
::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real
::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities:
::*# We improve it (prefereable solution)
::*# We have no other choice but adding &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Pagina neglecta}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely
::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the &lt;code&gt;Adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely:
::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}}
::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real
:: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC)

== De novo spatio adumbrationum ==
{{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius
	| alacres = IacobusAmor
	| alacritas = mensis
	| res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum.
	| subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC)
}}

Nuper novum spatium nominale &lt;code&gt;Adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est.

Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere.

Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus.

Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis.

Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC)

==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta==
Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like 
&quot;[[Alkinum]]&quot; &amp; &quot;[[Oxidum]]&quot;) into the limbo marked by &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Adumbratio}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; and/or &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Neglecta}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|&quot;List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles&quot;].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC)
: Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the &lt;code&gt;Adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC)
::&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ping|IacobusAmor}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the &quot;10,000&quot; pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the &lt;code&gt;Adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; namespace only if it is a newly created page (&lt; 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Template:Weather box ==
{{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}}

== Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? ==

Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod &quot;Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat&quot;. Et rogat me, &quot;nihil tangens&quot;, sibi ostendere mutationes.

Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

: Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio &quot;cref&quot; tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]:
:::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [...] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [...]|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Annon corrigere possumus titulos &quot;instrumentorum&quot;? ==

Exempli gratia: video unum &quot;instrumentum&quot; appellari &quot;Paginam prehendere formá PDF&quot;. Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
: Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:&lt;/code&gt;”]&lt;/span&gt;), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet &quot;Paginam prehendere formá PDF&quot;. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) &quot;Instrumenta&quot; et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est &quot;Movere&quot;; titulus novissimus est &quot;Res Wikidata&quot;; et unus titulorum est &quot;Paginam prehendere formá PDF&quot;. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni.  Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::Fortasse nostis [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki?uselang=qqx hunc nexum] per quem tandem inveni. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:37, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali ==
[[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

:Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Quomodo melius invenire titula proposita pro articulo nondum existente? ==

Volui creare articulum pro &quot;poset&quot; (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474715).

Scio, quod est formula &quot;subst:pcc&quot; alicubi in hac Vicipaedia per quam statuitur titulum huius articuli. Sed nescio, et &quot;bzgrep&quot; iterum inutilis est.

Estne methodus inventionis talium &quot;titulorum articulorum nondum existentium&quot;? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:47, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

: Formula {{fsn|pcc}} nescit quod nomen Latinum novae paginae (“nexui rubro”) assignandum sit, istud erit tibi eligendum. Ad formulam adhibendam tibi sufficiet titulum Latinum et linguā aliā scribere. E.g.:
:: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|en=Partially ordered set|Aggregatio partim ordinata}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}
: Aut, si vis, potes autem tesseram Vicidatorum praebere:
:: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}
: Non exstat ullus index paginarum creandarum. Nomina inveniuntur simul ac paginae creantur. Attamen, si quis paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinat'''issima'''” postea creet at ad [[:d:Q474715]] eam nectat, pagina ubi nexus ruber “Aggregatio partim ordinata” ostendebatur nunc ad paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinatissima” nectetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:13, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Quomodo citare librum, quod numerum librarium uniformem inter gentes caret? ==

[[Cancellum (mathematica)|Hac pagina]] conor citare librum quoddam, sed caret ISBN/NLUIG. Habet tamen numerum Catalogii Librarii Congressus (LCCN), sed nescio quomodo hanc numerum affigere rei citatae.

Multas habeo gratias pro auxilio vestro! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:09, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== Num verbum natio Anglico verbo “nation” respondet? ==
Salvete omnes! Hic scribo nec in [[Disputatio:Natio|pagina disputationis]] quod hoc verbum in multis commentariis est. Secundum [https://archive.org/details/practicalint00arno/page/41/mode/1up librum Arnoldi] “Natio is rarely used of a civilised and organised nation ; it means a people, or tribe, sprung from one race, of the same blood (nascor).” Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary Latin-English English-Latin” natio significat “a tribe, race, people, esp. uncivilized”, et verbum Anglicum nation significat “populus, gens (=people, stock), civitas (=body of citizens), respublica (=state), natio (=tribe, not highly civilized)”. Liber Arnoldi quoque monet ut iis vocabulis Latinis utamur. Commentarius [[Natio|natio]] illud Ciceronis habet: “Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt, nostra cīvitās nōn potest; …” in quo orator optimus populum Romanum a nationibus distinguet. Quid vobis videtur de hac re? Valete! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 20:58, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC)

:Haec &quot;natio&quot; a primis temporibus Vicipaediae originem obscuram ducit, mihi non placet, sed permulta corrigenda sunt, si eam mutare volumus. Civitas (de civibus), civitas sui iuris? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:09, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC)
:: Aut etiam possibile est dicere, etiam secundum linguas recentiores, ipsam notionem “nationis” quodammodo “civitati” adversari. Id est, sunt qui putent, etiam linguis hodiernis, “nationem” (Anglice ''nation'', Italice ''nazione'', et cetera) semper aliquid minus civile quam “civitatem” (Anglice ''state'', Italice ''Stato'', et cetera), immo vero tribale, significare. Cum hoc tamen concordo, paginam illam nimis veterem esse atque redintegrandam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC)
:::Melius est quaedam omittere quam nihil corrigere. Video nos habere commentarios qui vocantur [[Civitas]] (Ang. [[w:en:State (polity)]]), [[Gens]] (Ang. [[w:en:Gens]], nescio cur hic commentarius Latine non sit solis de gentibus Romanis), [[Populus]] (Ang. [[w:en:People]]), [[Res publica]] (Ang. [[w:en:Republic]]), et [[Tribus (anthropologia)]] ([[w:en:Tribe]]). Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary”, tribus significat”originally a third part if the Roman people. Hence a tribe, a division of the Roman people …”. Hoc dictionarium monet ut verbo “natio” vel verbo “gens” utamur si scribere “tribe” velimus nec de tribubus Romanis scribamus. Vero non possum novum nomen commentarii [[Natio]] commendare quod nescio cur vikipedia tot commentarios habeat. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)
::::Pagina non est delenda, si hoc consulis. &quot;Natio&quot; [http://lexica.linguax.com/forc2.php?searchedLG=natio verbum est Latinum], cur id ne explicemus. Si nexum intervicialem ad paginam Anglicam male congruere putas, ita est, non perfectissime congruit. Sed cum de notionibus abstractis agitur, nexus interviciales saepius tales sunt. Hoc malum in Vicipaediα inevitabile est et hoc non est malum, si res explicatur. Paginae ipsius loca quaedam corrigenda est, Ciceronis interpretatio mutanda, et, quod maxime interest, inter [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Natio|nexus ad eam]] hi multi corrigendi sunt, ubi &quot;natio&quot; in modum Anglicum civitatem sui iuris significat. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:22, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)
:::::Pagina scilicet delenda non est. Vidi paginas in Vikipedia Hebraica et Ucrainica ad paginam Anglicam bene congruere nec nostram paginam. Natio est verbum Latinum, cuius sensu Latino uti debemus, nec sensi Anglico. Delere nolo sed mutare et fortasse movere. Eo consilio hunc sermonem coepi ut sensibus Latinis verborum uteremur. Vero nescio cur Vikipedia Anglica tot paginas habeat et quid sit discrimen inter “nation” et “state”, propter quod non possum verbum meliorum commendare. Potestne pagina Anglica nostrae paginae [[Natio]] esse [[w:en:Tribe]]? Tribus quoque verbum Latinum est sed secundum dictionarium non idem significat et verbum Anglicum tribe. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:24, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)
:::::: ''Tribus'' est quaedam divisio populi, non tota natio ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=tribus]). Possum falli, sed secundum illam Ciceronis sententiam (“Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt …”) mihi videtur praecipua differentia inter ''civitatem'' et ''nationem'' hoc esse, quod ''civitas'' rem publicam civium significat, ''nationes'' autem alios populos tamquam gentes spectatos. Ita ''civitas'' erat Roma, ''nationes'' erant ceteri populi. P.S. {{*Cfr}} etiam “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio” (Cic.). Nam Graecis erat una natio sed plures civitates. Hoc usu vocabulum mihi videtur fere eodem sensu adhiberi ac in linguis hodiernis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:07, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Nexus interviciales perutiles sunt (ad minimum, lectores novos nobis dirigunt!) sed non nos regunt. Omnis lingua, sicut [[civitas sui iuris]], libera est. Debemus (1) verba Latina Latinitate classica definire (2) alia verba quibus significationes cognatae sunt (e.g. gens, tribus, civitas) distinguere, nexibus datis (3) significationes apud Latinistas recentiores explicare, si differunt (4) praeter alia, de re principali pellucide disserere.
:::::::Cicero his verbis, ''omnes nationes servitutem fere possunt: nostra civitas non potest'' (Phil. 10.10.20) inter ''nationes'' et ''nostram civitatem'' quoquomodo distinguere videtur ... sed alibi ''omnes &lt;u&gt;exteras&lt;/u&gt; nationes'' et ''eruditissimam Graecorum nationem'' indicat (Imp. Pomp. 11.31; De Or. 2.4.18) -- unde intellego, apud Ciceronem, plures ''nationes'' exstitisse tam sub imperio S.P.Q.R. quam extra limites. Ex his sententiis, si volumus, inter civitatem et nationem facile erit distinguere: sed inter ''populos'' et ''nationes'' ...? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:06, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Nolite oblivisci ''gentes''&amp;thinsp;! Cassell's nobis dicit (p. 742) ''international law'' locutionem Anglicam nostra lingua esse ''ius gentium,'' ac Traupman (ed. 3, p. 575) nobis dicit ''international'' ipsum verbum Anglicum esse ''inter gentes.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:12, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::Sententias vestras perlegi et commentarium inveni [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311975311_On_the_Roman_Concept_of_Natio “On the Roman Concept of Natio”] quem quoque legi, et iam intellego quanta difficilis sit haec res. In libro Arnoldi et in dictionario legi nationem esse “esp. uncivilized”, nec autores Romanos scripisisse Nationem Romanam. Putavi nationem esse tribe nec unquam civilised nation. Iam nesio a bonus sit hic nexus. Veritus sum ne homines dum Latine scribebant solis nexibus uterentur, nec deliberarent quid sit verbum optimum. De pagina nostra [[Respublica]] vos consulere quoque volo. Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary” “'''republic''' ''respublica'', ''civitas'' (= state, simply): a —, as opp. to other forms of government, ''respublica'' (or ''civitas''” ''libera'' or ''popularis''.” Respublica et civitas idem significare mihi videntur. Nonne melius est movere hanc paginam ut novem nomen sit Respublica popularis? Haec res non est solo de nexu sed quoque de ipsa pagina. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:38, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::Fortasse, sed iam est commentarius de &quot;People's republic&quot; in vicipaedia Anglica. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:31, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::: De differentia inter ''gentem'' et ''nationem'' conferatur etiam {{LTL|natio|335}}: “A ''gente'' aliquando ita differt, ut genus a specie: ''gens'' enim latius patet, et plures nationes complectitur, ut ''gens'' Graeca habet Atticos, Boeotos, Thebanos, qui ejusdem gentis nationes sunt.” Saepissime tamen gens et natio sunt synonyma. @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: Graeci non erant “uncivilized”, attamen erant natio vel plures nationes. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:53, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::Multae paginae in Vicipaedia connexae sunt; ''United Nations'' vertitur ut [[Nationes Unitae]], multis cum fontibus (duabus encyclicis aliisque). Hoc mutare nequimus, et pagina de [[natio]]ne nec huic sensui contradicere debet; haec causa, cur paginae Anglicae '&quot;Nation&quot; ceterisque de hac natione moderna narrantibus alliganda sit. Sed de pagina [[Nationes mundi]], exempli gratia, iam dubito, et &quot;civitates mundi&quot; nationibus praeferam, [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:50, 4 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::Iam intellego. Huic sensu, quo utuntur encyclici, contradicere scilicet nequimus. Gratias omnibus vobis ago quia mihi hanc rem explanavistis. 
:::::::::::{{ping|Grufo}}, Quaesivi nec inveni ubi Cicero nationem Graecam scripserit. Testimonium encyclicorum mihi videtur bonum esse, scire tamen volo ubi orator optimus his verbis usus sit. 
:::::::::::Valete. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 21:14, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::: @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: {{Op|[[De oratore]]}}, {{Vf|De oratore/Liber II|18|2.4.18}}: “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:09, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:45, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::De commentario qui [[Nationes mundi]] (Anglice [[w:en:List of sovereign states|List of sovereign states]]) vocatur, nonne melius nomen est “''Index civitatum sui iuris''”? 
:::::::::::Vide commentarios:
:::::::::::* [[Civitas sui iuris]]
:::::::::::* [[Index communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae]]
:::::::::::* [[Index urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]
:::::::::::* [[Index fluviorum Germaniae]]
:::::::::::* [[Index asteroidum]]
:::::::::::* [[Index siglorum ordinum ecclesiae catholicae]]
:::::::::::Hic commentarius est index. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 16:50, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::::Sic, [[Index civitatum sui iuris]] bonum nomen est, multae paginae huius generis in Vicipaedia Latina &quot;indices&quot; nominantur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:47, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Vobis consentio. Hanc paginam satis antiquam renominare oportet. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:39, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Utrum possumus paginam renominate an oportet [[Formula:Movenda]] utere? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:21, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Formula ad disputandum in pagina disputationis ponitur, sed nunc hic erat disputaio, fornula non necessaria est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:55, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::: Paginam movi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:02, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== &quot;-karyotica&quot; vel &quot;-caryotica&quot;? ==

In pagina de [[Cellula|cellulis]] ambae formae extant. Videtur mihi melius, si unicam noscamus formam. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 03:14, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

:&quot;-caryotica&quot; melius. Vocabulum est antiquum, Graecae originis (κάρυον), nullae sunt causae, ut &quot;k&quot; scribatur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:05, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
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== De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur ==
In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
:Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked &quot;stipula&quot;; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
:::For example, just today, someone added &quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{urbs-stipula}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot; to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
:::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
:::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) 
:: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the &lt;code&gt;adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
:::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
:::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC)
::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC)
:::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC)
@[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Pagina neglecta}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Pagina neglecta}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; template could look more or less like this:

{{Capsa annuntiationis
	| color = #7f83d7
	| pigmentum = #f3f4fb
	| imago = P writing.svg
	| 1 =

'''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!'''

Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere!

}}

We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC)
:That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC)
:: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the &lt;code&gt;Adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; namespace. So the picture should look as follows:
::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities:
::*# We improve it (prefereable solution)
::*# We move it to the &lt;code&gt;Adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following)
::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable)
::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real
::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities:
::*# We improve it (prefereable solution)
::*# We have no other choice but adding &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{Pagina neglecta}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely
::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the &lt;code&gt;Adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely:
::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}}
::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real
:: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC)

== De novo spatio adumbrationum ==
{{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius
	| alacres = IacobusAmor
	| alacritas = mensis
	| res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum.
	| subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC)
}}

Nuper novum spatium nominale &lt;code&gt;Adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est.

Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere.

Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus.

Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis.

Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC)

==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta==
Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like 
&quot;[[Alkinum]]&quot; &amp; &quot;[[Oxidum]]&quot;) into the limbo marked by &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Adumbratio}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; and/or &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Neglecta}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|&quot;List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles&quot;].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC)
: Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the &lt;code&gt;Adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC)
::&lt;nowiki&gt;{{ping|IacobusAmor}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the &quot;10,000&quot; pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the &lt;code&gt;Adumbratio:&lt;/code&gt; namespace only if it is a newly created page (&lt; 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Template:Weather box ==
{{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}}

== Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? ==

Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod &quot;Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat&quot;. Et rogat me, &quot;nihil tangens&quot;, sibi ostendere mutationes.

Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

: Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt; (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio &quot;cref&quot; tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]:
:::: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [...] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [...]|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Annon corrigere possumus titulos &quot;instrumentorum&quot;? ==

Exempli gratia: video unum &quot;instrumentum&quot; appellari &quot;Paginam prehendere formá PDF&quot;. Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
: Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:&lt;/code&gt;”]&lt;/span&gt;), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet &quot;Paginam prehendere formá PDF&quot;. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) &quot;Instrumenta&quot; et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est &quot;Movere&quot;; titulus novissimus est &quot;Res Wikidata&quot;; et unus titulorum est &quot;Paginam prehendere formá PDF&quot;. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni.  Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::Fortasse nostis [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki?uselang=qqx hunc nexum] per quem tandem inveni. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:37, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali ==
[[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

:Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)
:::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Quomodo melius invenire titula proposita pro articulo nondum existente? ==

Volui creare articulum pro &quot;poset&quot; (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474715).

Scio, quod est formula &quot;subst:pcc&quot; alicubi in hac Vicipaedia per quam statuitur titulum huius articuli. Sed nescio, et &quot;bzgrep&quot; iterum inutilis est.

Estne methodus inventionis talium &quot;titulorum articulorum nondum existentium&quot;? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:47, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

: Formula {{fsn|pcc}} nescit quod nomen Latinum novae paginae (“nexui rubro”) assignandum sit, istud erit tibi eligendum. Ad formulam adhibendam tibi sufficiet titulum Latinum et linguā aliā scribere. E.g.:
:: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|en=Partially ordered set|Aggregatio partim ordinata}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}
: Aut, si vis, potes autem tesseram Vicidatorum praebere:
:: &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:pcc|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}
: Non exstat ullus index paginarum creandarum. Nomina inveniuntur simul ac paginae creantur. Attamen, si quis paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinat'''issima'''” postea creet at ad [[:d:Q474715]] eam nectat, pagina ubi nexus ruber “Aggregatio partim ordinata” ostendebatur nunc ad paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinatissima” nectetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:13, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC)

== Quomodo citare librum, quod numerum librarium uniformem inter gentes caret? ==

[[Cancellum (mathematica)|Hac pagina]] conor citare librum quoddam, sed caret ISBN/NLUIG. Habet tamen numerum Catalogii Librarii Congressus (LCCN), sed nescio quomodo hanc numerum affigere rei citatae.

Multas habeo gratias pro auxilio vestro! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:09, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC)

== Num verbum natio Anglico verbo “nation” respondet? ==
Salvete omnes! Hic scribo nec in [[Disputatio:Natio|pagina disputationis]] quod hoc verbum in multis commentariis est. Secundum [https://archive.org/details/practicalint00arno/page/41/mode/1up librum Arnoldi] “Natio is rarely used of a civilised and organised nation ; it means a people, or tribe, sprung from one race, of the same blood (nascor).” Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary Latin-English English-Latin” natio significat “a tribe, race, people, esp. uncivilized”, et verbum Anglicum nation significat “populus, gens (=people, stock), civitas (=body of citizens), respublica (=state), natio (=tribe, not highly civilized)”. Liber Arnoldi quoque monet ut iis vocabulis Latinis utamur. Commentarius [[Natio|natio]] illud Ciceronis habet: “Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt, nostra cīvitās nōn potest; …” in quo orator optimus populum Romanum a nationibus distinguet. Quid vobis videtur de hac re? Valete! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 20:58, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC)

:Haec &quot;natio&quot; a primis temporibus Vicipaediae originem obscuram ducit, mihi non placet, sed permulta corrigenda sunt, si eam mutare volumus. Civitas (de civibus), civitas sui iuris? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:09, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC)
:: Aut etiam possibile est dicere, etiam secundum linguas recentiores, ipsam notionem “nationis” quodammodo “civitati” adversari. Id est, sunt qui putent, etiam linguis hodiernis, “nationem” (Anglice ''nation'', Italice ''nazione'', et cetera) semper aliquid minus civile quam “civitatem” (Anglice ''state'', Italice ''Stato'', et cetera), immo vero tribale, significare. Cum hoc tamen concordo, paginam illam nimis veterem esse atque redintegrandam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC)
:::Melius est quaedam omittere quam nihil corrigere. Video nos habere commentarios qui vocantur [[Civitas]] (Ang. [[w:en:State (polity)]]), [[Gens]] (Ang. [[w:en:Gens]], nescio cur hic commentarius Latine non sit solis de gentibus Romanis), [[Populus]] (Ang. [[w:en:People]]), [[Res publica]] (Ang. [[w:en:Republic]]), et [[Tribus (anthropologia)]] ([[w:en:Tribe]]). Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary”, tribus significat”originally a third part if the Roman people. Hence a tribe, a division of the Roman people …”. Hoc dictionarium monet ut verbo “natio” vel verbo “gens” utamur si scribere “tribe” velimus nec de tribubus Romanis scribamus. Vero non possum novum nomen commentarii [[Natio]] commendare quod nescio cur vikipedia tot commentarios habeat. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)
::::Pagina non est delenda, si hoc consulis. &quot;Natio&quot; [http://lexica.linguax.com/forc2.php?searchedLG=natio verbum est Latinum], cur id ne explicemus. Si nexum intervicialem ad paginam Anglicam male congruere putas, ita est, non perfectissime congruit. Sed cum de notionibus abstractis agitur, nexus interviciales saepius tales sunt. Hoc malum in Vicipaediα inevitabile est et hoc non est malum, si res explicatur. Paginae ipsius loca quaedam corrigenda est, Ciceronis interpretatio mutanda, et, quod maxime interest, inter [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Natio|nexus ad eam]] hi multi corrigendi sunt, ubi &quot;natio&quot; in modum Anglicum civitatem sui iuris significat. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:22, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)
:::::Pagina scilicet delenda non est. Vidi paginas in Vikipedia Hebraica et Ucrainica ad paginam Anglicam bene congruere nec nostram paginam. Natio est verbum Latinum, cuius sensu Latino uti debemus, nec sensi Anglico. Delere nolo sed mutare et fortasse movere. Eo consilio hunc sermonem coepi ut sensibus Latinis verborum uteremur. Vero nescio cur Vikipedia Anglica tot paginas habeat et quid sit discrimen inter “nation” et “state”, propter quod non possum verbum meliorum commendare. Potestne pagina Anglica nostrae paginae [[Natio]] esse [[w:en:Tribe]]? Tribus quoque verbum Latinum est sed secundum dictionarium non idem significat et verbum Anglicum tribe. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:24, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)
:::::: ''Tribus'' est quaedam divisio populi, non tota natio ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=tribus]). Possum falli, sed secundum illam Ciceronis sententiam (“Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt …”) mihi videtur praecipua differentia inter ''civitatem'' et ''nationem'' hoc esse, quod ''civitas'' rem publicam civium significat, ''nationes'' autem alios populos tamquam gentes spectatos. Ita ''civitas'' erat Roma, ''nationes'' erant ceteri populi. P.S. {{*Cfr}} etiam “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio” (Cic.). Nam Graecis erat una natio sed plures civitates. Hoc usu vocabulum mihi videtur fere eodem sensu adhiberi ac in linguis hodiernis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:07, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::Nexus interviciales perutiles sunt (ad minimum, lectores novos nobis dirigunt!) sed non nos regunt. Omnis lingua, sicut [[civitas sui iuris]], libera est. Debemus (1) verba Latina Latinitate classica definire (2) alia verba quibus significationes cognatae sunt (e.g. gens, tribus, civitas) distinguere, nexibus datis (3) significationes apud Latinistas recentiores explicare, si differunt (4) praeter alia, de re principali pellucide disserere.
:::::::Cicero his verbis, ''omnes nationes servitutem fere possunt: nostra civitas non potest'' (Phil. 10.10.20) inter ''nationes'' et ''nostram civitatem'' quoquomodo distinguere videtur ... sed alibi ''omnes &lt;u&gt;exteras&lt;/u&gt; nationes'' et ''eruditissimam Graecorum nationem'' indicat (Imp. Pomp. 11.31; De Or. 2.4.18) -- unde intellego, apud Ciceronem, plures ''nationes'' exstitisse tam sub imperio S.P.Q.R. quam extra limites. Ex his sententiis, si volumus, inter civitatem et nationem facile erit distinguere: sed inter ''populos'' et ''nationes'' ...? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:06, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::Nolite oblivisci ''gentes''&amp;thinsp;! Cassell's nobis dicit (p. 742) ''international law'' locutionem Anglicam nostra lingua esse ''ius gentium,'' ac Traupman (ed. 3, p. 575) nobis dicit ''international'' ipsum verbum Anglicum esse ''inter gentes.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:12, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::Sententias vestras perlegi et commentarium inveni [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311975311_On_the_Roman_Concept_of_Natio “On the Roman Concept of Natio”] quem quoque legi, et iam intellego quanta difficilis sit haec res. In libro Arnoldi et in dictionario legi nationem esse “esp. uncivilized”, nec autores Romanos scripisisse Nationem Romanam. Putavi nationem esse tribe nec unquam civilised nation. Iam nesio a bonus sit hic nexus. Veritus sum ne homines dum Latine scribebant solis nexibus uterentur, nec deliberarent quid sit verbum optimum. De pagina nostra [[Respublica]] vos consulere quoque volo. Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary” “'''republic''' ''respublica'', ''civitas'' (= state, simply): a —, as opp. to other forms of government, ''respublica'' (or ''civitas''” ''libera'' or ''popularis''.” Respublica et civitas idem significare mihi videntur. Nonne melius est movere hanc paginam ut novem nomen sit Respublica popularis? Haec res non est solo de nexu sed quoque de ipsa pagina. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:38, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::Fortasse, sed iam est commentarius de &quot;People's republic&quot; in vicipaedia Anglica. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:31, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::: De differentia inter ''gentem'' et ''nationem'' conferatur etiam {{LTL|natio|335}}: “A ''gente'' aliquando ita differt, ut genus a specie: ''gens'' enim latius patet, et plures nationes complectitur, ut ''gens'' Graeca habet Atticos, Boeotos, Thebanos, qui ejusdem gentis nationes sunt.” Saepissime tamen gens et natio sunt synonyma. @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: Graeci non erant “uncivilized”, attamen erant natio vel plures nationes. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:53, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::Multae paginae in Vicipaedia connexae sunt; ''United Nations'' vertitur ut [[Nationes Unitae]], multis cum fontibus (duabus encyclicis aliisque). Hoc mutare nequimus, et pagina de [[natio]]ne nec huic sensui contradicere debet; haec causa, cur paginae Anglicae '&quot;Nation&quot; ceterisque de hac natione moderna narrantibus alliganda sit. Sed de pagina [[Nationes mundi]], exempli gratia, iam dubito, et &quot;civitates mundi&quot; nationibus praeferam, [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:50, 4 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::Iam intellego. Huic sensu, quo utuntur encyclici, contradicere scilicet nequimus. Gratias omnibus vobis ago quia mihi hanc rem explanavistis. 
:::::::::::{{ping|Grufo}}, Quaesivi nec inveni ubi Cicero nationem Graecam scripserit. Testimonium encyclicorum mihi videtur bonum esse, scire tamen volo ubi orator optimus his verbis usus sit. 
:::::::::::Valete. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 21:14, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::: @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: {{Op|[[De oratore]]}}, {{Vf|De oratore/Liber II|18|2.4.18}}: “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:09, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:45, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::De commentario qui [[Nationes mundi]] (Anglice [[w:en:List of sovereign states|List of sovereign states]]) vocatur, nonne melius nomen est “''Index civitatum sui iuris''”? 
:::::::::::Vide commentarios:
:::::::::::* [[Civitas sui iuris]]
:::::::::::* [[Index communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae]]
:::::::::::* [[Index urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]
:::::::::::* [[Index fluviorum Germaniae]]
:::::::::::* [[Index asteroidum]]
:::::::::::* [[Index siglorum ordinum ecclesiae catholicae]]
:::::::::::Hic commentarius est index. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 16:50, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::::Sic, [[Index civitatum sui iuris]] bonum nomen est, multae paginae huius generis in Vicipaedia Latina &quot;indices&quot; nominantur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:47, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::Vobis consentio. Hanc paginam satis antiquam renominare oportet. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:39, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::::::::::::Utrum possumus paginam renominate an oportet [[Formula:Movenda]] utere? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:21, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::Formula ad disputandum in pagina disputationis ponitur, sed nunc hic erat disputaio, fornula non necessaria est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:55, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:::::::::::::::: Paginam movi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:02, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC)

== &quot;-karyotica&quot; vel &quot;-caryotica&quot;? ==
In pagina de [[Cellula|cellulis]] ambae formae extant. Videtur mihi melius, si unicam noscamus formam. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 03:14, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:&quot;-caryotica&quot; melius. Vocabulum est antiquum, Graecae originis (κάρυον), nullae sunt causae, ut &quot;k&quot; scribatur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:05, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::Consentio. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:16, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
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      <comment>Minora</comment>
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{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
	| titulus =
	| imago =
	| descriptio =
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	| auctor =
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{{lres|Vivere sub meta}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] compositi, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXV reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = De avaritia 1-25
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
Vivere sub meta
lex precipit atque propheta.
Est velut unda maris
vox, gloria, laus popularis.
Omina sunt hominum tenui pendentia filo.&lt;ref&gt;Ovidius, Ex Ponto 4, 3, 35&lt;/ref&gt;
Qui differt penas,
peccandi laxat habenas.
Nil fieri stulte
credit, qui peccat inulte.
Discit enim citius meminitque libentius illud,&lt;ref&gt;Horatius, Ep. 2, 2, 262&lt;/ref&gt;
Quod quis deridet, quam quod probat et veneratur.&lt;ref&gt; Horatius, Ep. 2, 2, 263&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot; /&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen breve constat [[Sententia (gnome)|sententiis]] [[Moralitas|moralibus]] et didacticis quae homines ad vitam moderatam et virtuosam exhortantur. Primum [[distichon]] monet vitam “sub meta”, id est intra fines debitos et mensuram, tam lege divina quam [[Propheta|propheticis]] verbis praecipi. Auctor vanitatem rerum mundanarum extollit, comparans gloriam et laudem popularem undae maris, quae instabilis et fugax est, fragilitatem condicionis humanae verbis [[Ovidius|Ovidii]] confirmans.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot; /&gt;

Deinde, carmen de [[iustitia]] et [[poena]] tractat, affirmans dilationem poenarum fomitem esse [[peccatum|peccandi]]. Qui enim sine vindicta peccat, se stulte agere non credit, ideoque licentius in vitia delabitur. Haec monitio momentum disciplinae moralis in societate [[Christianitas|Christiana]] mediaevali exprimit, ne impunitas nequitiam alat.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot; /&gt;

In ultima parte, versūs e libris [[Horatius|Horatii]] sumpti explicant naturam humanam procliviorem esse ad ea discenda et meminenda quae derisione digna sunt. Scriptor indicat homines facilius res ridiculas vel vitiosas animo haerere quam ea quae probanda et veneranda sunt, quod est gravis consideratio de fragilitate mentis et morum hominum.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Lehtonen, 1995
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen = Lehtonen
		| nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy
		| annus = 1995
		| lingua = en
		| locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]]
		| domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]]
		| isbn = 978-951-717-846-4
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]</text>
      <sha1>0aamx4kjo9d6bp2hbzokxtavkvm3lad</sha1>
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{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
	| titulus =
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{{lres|Vivere sub meta}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] compositi, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXV reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = De avaritia 1-25
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
Vivere sub meta
lex precipit atque propheta.
Est velut unda maris
vox, gloria, laus popularis.
Omina sunt hominum tenui pendentia filo.&lt;ref&gt;Ovidius, Ex Ponto 4, 3, 35&lt;/ref&gt;
Qui differt penas,
peccandi laxat habenas.
Nil fieri stulte
credit, qui peccat inulte.
Discit enim citius meminitque libentius illud,&lt;ref&gt;Horatius, Ep. 2, 2, 262&lt;/ref&gt;
Quod quis deridet, quam quod probat et veneratur.&lt;ref&gt; Horatius, Ep. 2, 2, 263&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot; /&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen breve constat [[Sententia (gnome)|sententiis]] [[Moralitas|moralibus]] et didacticis quae homines ad vitam moderatam et virtuosam exhortantur. Primum [[distichon]] monet vitam “sub meta”, id est intra fines debitos et mensuram, tam lege divina quam [[Propheta|propheticis]] verbis praecipi. Auctor vanitatem rerum mundanarum extollit, comparans gloriam et laudem popularem undae maris, quae instabilis et fugax est, fragilitatem condicionis humanae verbis [[Ovidius|Ovidii]] confirmans.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot; /&gt;

Deinde, carmen de [[iustitia]] et [[poena]] tractat, affirmans dilationem poenarum fomitem esse [[peccatum|peccandi]]. Qui enim sine vindicta peccat, se stulte agere non credit, ideoque licentius in vitia delabitur. Haec monitio momentum disciplinae moralis in societate [[Christianitas|Christiana]] mediaevali exprimit, ne impunitas nequitiam alat.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot; /&gt;

In ultima parte, versūs e libris [[Horatius|Horatii]] sumpti explicant naturam humanam procliviorem esse ad ea discenda et memoria tenenda quae derisione digna sunt. Scriptor indicat homines facilius res ridiculas vel vitiosas animo haerere quam ea quae probanda et veneranda sunt, quod est gravis consideratio de fragilitate mentis et morum hominum.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Lehtonen, 1995
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen = Lehtonen
		| nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy
		| annus = 1995
		| lingua = en
		| locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]]
		| domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]]
		| isbn = 978-951-717-846-4
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]</text>
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{{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}}
{{Carmen Carminum Buranorum
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{{lres|Vivere sub meta}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] compositi, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXV reperitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot;&gt;{{Opus
	| titulus = De avaritia 1-25
	| url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html
}}.&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Textus ==
{{Versus numerati|
Vivere sub meta
lex precipit atque propheta.
Est velut unda maris
vox, gloria, laus popularis.
Omina sunt hominum tenui pendentia filo.&lt;ref&gt;Ovidius, Ex Ponto 4, 3, 35&lt;/ref&gt;
Qui differt penas,
peccandi laxat habenas.
Nil fieri stulte
credit, qui peccat inulte.
Discit enim citius meminitque libentius illud,&lt;ref&gt;Horatius, Ep. 2, 2, 262&lt;/ref&gt;
Quod quis deridet, quam quod probat et veneratur.&lt;ref&gt; Horatius, Ep. 2, 2, 263&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot; /&gt;
}}

== Descriptio ==
Hoc carmen breve constat [[Sententia (gnome)|sententiis]] [[Moralitas|moralibus]] et didacticis quae homines ad vitam moderatam et virtuosam exhortantur. Primum [[distichon]] monet vitam “sub meta”, id est intra fines debitos et mensuram, tam lege divina quam [[Propheta|propheticis]] verbis praecipi. Auctor vanitatem rerum mundanarum extollit, comparans gloriam et laudem popularem undae maris, quae instabilis et fugax est, fragilitatem condicionis humanae verbis [[Ovidius|Ovidii]] confirmans.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot; /&gt;

Deinde, carmen de [[iustitia]] et [[poena]] tractat, affirmans dilationem poenarum fomitem esse [[peccatum|peccandi]]. Qui enim sine vindicta peccat, se stulte agere non credit, ideoque licentius in vitia delabitur. Haec monitio momentum disciplinae moralis in societate [[Christianitas|Christiana]] mediaevali exprimit, ne impunitas nequitiam alat.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot; /&gt;

In ultima parte, versūs e libris [[Horatius|Horatii]] sumpti explicant naturam humanam procliviorem esse ad ea discenda et memoria tenenda quae derisione digna sunt. Scriptor indicat hominibus facilius res ridiculas vel vitiosas animo haerere quam ea quae probanda et veneranda sunt, quod est gravis consideratio de fragilitate mentis et morum hominum.&lt;ref name=&quot;de-avaritia-1-25&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Lehtonen, 1995
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen = Lehtonen
		| nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy
		| annus = 1995
		| lingua = en
		| locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]]
		| domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]]
		| isbn = 978-951-717-846-4
	}}
}}

{{Carmina Burana}}

[[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]]
[[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]]</text>
      <sha1>b5jqqv1emelhgk9m8wwl9sm0vd5z42s</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>40 (numerus)</title>
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        <id>23083</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>rectificatio redirectionis duplicis → [[Adumbratio:Quadraginta]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="36" sha1="8vnvp230ryqgugbseuw5dtohlpdsna4" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Adumbratio:Quadraginta]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ioannes Mendes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>3965436</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-18T06:01:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-35542-22</username>
        <id>211108</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="926" sha1="9o6hc3vofalnemm6cbsh2ky9l01jd7a" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
{{res|Ioannes Petrus Radulphus Mendes}} (vulgo ''Shawn Peter Raul Mendes''; natus [[Torontum|Toronti]] die [[8 Augusti]] [[1998]]) est [[cantor]] [[Canada|Canadianus]]. Anno [[2013]], in populi favorem venit postquam [[pellicula brevis|pelliculas breves]] sui canentis in [[Vine]]!wssz, praecursore [[TikTok]], divulgaverat.

== Pelliculographia ==
* ''Metegol'' (vanns)
* ''Shawn Mendes: In Wonder'' (2020)
* ''Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile'' (2022)
）  同義參見 	•	emend（校訂 
== Discographia ==
* ''Handwritten'' (2015)
* ''Illuminate'' (2016)
* ''Shawn Mendes'' (2018)
* ''Wonder'' (2020)
* ''Shawn'' (2024)

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Shawn Mendes|Ioannem Mendes}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* {{IMDb|6658398|Ioanne Mendes}}
* [http://www.shawnmendesofficial.com/ Situs interretialis]

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Lifetime|1998||Mendes, Ioannes Petrus Radulphus}}
[[Categoria:Cantores Canadae]]</text>
      <sha1>9o6hc3vofalnemm6cbsh2ky9l01jd7a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965442</id>
      <parentid>3965436</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T07:34:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Recensiones a conlatore [[Special:Contributions/~2026-35542-22|~2026-35542-22]] ([[User talk:~2026-35542-22|Disputatio]]) factas in superiorem redactionem a conlatore [[User:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] factam restitui</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="882" sha1="kntiumom5suvto6zgoxap4y7kd680pv" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
{{res|Ioannes Petrus Radulphus Mendes}} (vulgo ''Shawn Peter Raul Mendes''; natus [[Torontum|Toronti]] die [[8 Augusti]] [[1998]]) est [[cantor]] [[Canada|Canadianus]]. Anno [[2013]], in populi favorem venit postquam [[pellicula brevis|pelliculas breves]] sui canentis in [[Vine]], praecursore [[TikTok]], divulgaverat.

== Pelliculographia ==
* ''Metegol'' (2013)
* ''Shawn Mendes: In Wonder'' (2020)
* ''Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile'' (2022)

== Discographia ==
* ''Handwritten'' (2015)
* ''Illuminate'' (2016)
* ''Shawn Mendes'' (2018)
* ''Wonder'' (2020)
* ''Shawn'' (2024)

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Shawn Mendes|Ioannem Mendes}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* {{IMDb|6658398|Ioanne Mendes}}
* [http://www.shawnmendesofficial.com/ Situs interretialis]

{{bio-stipula}}

{{Lifetime|1998||Mendes, Ioannes Petrus Radulphus}}
[[Categoria:Cantores Canadae]]</text>
      <sha1>kntiumom5suvto6zgoxap4y7kd680pv</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Principium Machianum</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Minora</comment>
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      <text bytes="32450" sha1="0suxoryv7ode5jgcmzfpjtfibf84p59" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Ernst Mach, Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwickelung.svg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot;&gt;{{qc|Mach, 1883}}.&lt;/ref&gt;]]

In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&amp;dq=mach's+conjecture&amp;pg=PA79 p. 79].&lt;/ref&gt; appellatur hypothesis vaga quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]]—exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]]—ad [[systema relationum]] referantur.

Secundum talem coniecturam, [[exsistentia]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali [[materies|materiei]] pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat:

{{Folium memoratum|
Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto esset casus mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam exsistere {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem|de|qid=Q214070}} quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videntur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator [[vis centrifuga|vim centrifugam]] sentiat. Hinc varia enuntiata principii, saepe vaga, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est:

{{Ipse dixit|
Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur.
|[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] &amp; {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Hawking &amp; Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein enim intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse quo definiatur quid systema quoad rotationem quiescere putetur. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum ipsum principium sit vagum, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae commenticiae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit.

== Historia ==
Ernestus Mach in libro anno [[1883]] edito {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} ({{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}}) suam doctrinam primum exposuit.&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot; /&gt; Similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi ante eum reperiebantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;berkeleius-1721&quot;&gt;{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== De usu Einsteiniano principii ==
Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus est relativus, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putabant talem particulam nullum motum lineare habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur sententia omnino nullum motum, ne rotatorium quidem, tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint.

Sic ipse Mach scripsit:

{{Folium memoratum|
Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemini licet dicere quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|milium passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse:

{{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} A. Einstein, “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne &amp; Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}}

Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse etiam dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam aperte enuntiavit.

Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot; /&gt; in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur.

Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus erat rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|vires ficticias|en|qid=Q212126}} quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescet, deinde vasis motus aquae communicabitur, quae curvabitur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendet. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newtonus conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri.

In libro suo Mach scribit experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas movetur; non licere tamen scire quid accideret si parietes vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Telluris rotetur). Hac ratione, ficticiae vires, quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, nihil aliud censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motum ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (velut Tellus et stellae remotae), quae illis sunt multum maiora gravioraque.

Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.&lt;ref name=&quot;berkeleius-1721&quot; /&gt; Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debeat ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam de corporibus gravibus proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem”&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Redescription of motion in space as experiences that do not invoke the term ‘space’}}”.&lt;/ref&gt; quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet. Scitur tamen pro certo Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit.

Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.&lt;/ref&gt; Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale.

== De principio Machiano in theoria relativitatis generalis ==
Quum in theoria relativitatis generalis notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et unum enuntiata principii proposita sunt, quorum alia putantur “magis Machiana” aliis.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.&lt;/ref&gt; Enuntiatum debilissimum imponit motum materiei ubilibet afficere quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi.

Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare: concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam descriptum incipiet respectu stellarum fixarum [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc “[[spatii temporisque tractio]]” appellatur, atque praesertim formā rotatoriā (“{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus|effectu Lensiano–Thirringiano|en|qid=Q11083519}}” appellatā) principio Machiano simillimus est. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet:

{{Folium memoratum|
{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].&lt;ref name=&quot;epistula-25-iunii-1913&quot; /&gt;
}}

Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi sita hic afficit inertiam”:&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.&lt;/ref&gt; nam si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera.

Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “stellarum fixarum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|problema valorum initialium|problemate valorum initialium|en|qid=Q10167591}}” agnoscunt.

Forma fortior principii Machiani ad spatitempora Wheeleriana–Machiana–Einsteiniana pertinet, quae postulant ut spatiumtempus sit {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|spatium compactum|spatialiter compactum|en|qid=Q381892}} atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|spatitempus globaliter hyperbolicum|globaliter hyperbolicum|en|qid=Q5570942}}. In talibus universis principium Machianum sic enuntiari potest: ''distributio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor energiae momentique|tensoris energiae momentique|en|qid=Q876346}} materiei [[campus physicus|camporum]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que (fortasse etiam aliarum rerum), quodam tempore universi visa, systema inertiale in quolibet puncto universi determinat (ubi “quoddam tempus universi” ad quamlibet {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|superficies Cauchyana|superficiem Cauchyanam|en|qid=Q5054343}} electam refertur).&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 188–207.&lt;/ref&gt;

Alii quoque conati sunt theorias quam maxime Machianas construere, sicut {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana|Theoriam Bransianam–Dickeanam|en|qid=Q898809}} atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana|Theoriam gravitatis Hoyleanam–Narlikarianam|en|qid=Q17027715}}; sed plerique physici censent nullam ex his fuisse prosperam. In conventu peritorum [[Tubinga]]e anno [[1993]] habito, quum quaereretur “Estne relativitas generalis plene Machiana?”, tres responderunt “ita”, viginti duo “non”. Ad quaestionem “Estne relativitas generalis, condicionibus marginalibus aptis, valde Machiana?”, quattuordecim responderunt “ita”, septem “non”.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, p. 106.&lt;/ref&gt;

Einstein tamen persuasus erat relativitatem inertiae necessario validae theoriae gravitatis continendam esse:

{{Folium memoratum|
Adeo vehementer illo tempore Einstein relativitati inertiae credebat ut anno [[1918]] tria principia quibus theoriae gravitatis satisfaciendum erat pari dignitate statuerit:

# Principium relativitatis, per covariantiam generalem expressum.
# Principium aequivalentiae.
# Principium Machianum (quo vocabulo tum primum in litteris adhibito): “… ita ut quantitates {{mvar|g&lt;sub&gt;μν&lt;/sub&gt;}} omnino massā corporum, generalius tensore {{mvar|T&lt;sub&gt;μν&lt;/sub&gt;}}, determinentur.”

Anno [[1922]], quum Einstein animadvertisset alios contentos esse sine hoc [tertio] criterio procedere, hoc addidit: “Haec beatitudo {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|posteri|posteris|en|qid=Q954025}} videbitur incomprehensibilis.”

Dicendum est, ut ego videre possum, principium Machianum usque ad hunc diem nullo modo [[physica]]m provexisse. Dicendum quoque est originem inertiae esse manereque obscurissimum caput in [[physica particularum elementarium|theoria particularum]] et [[theoria quantica camporum|camporum]]. Itaque fortasse principium Machianum fructuosum fieri poterit, sed non sine theoria quantica.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Abrahamus Pais||en|qid=Q330492}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|‘Subtle is the Lord…’: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Pais, 2005 [1982]}}, pp. 287–288. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|So strongly did Einstein believe at that time in the relativity of inertia that in 1918 he stated as being on an equal footing three principles on which a satisfactory theory of gravitation should rest:}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|The principle of relativity as expressed by general covariance.}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|The principle of equivalence.}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|Mach's principle (the first time this term entered the literature): ... that the ''g&lt;sub&gt;µν&lt;/sub&gt;'' are completely determined by the mass of bodies, more generally by ''T&lt;sub&gt;µν&lt;/sub&gt;''.}}

{{barbarice|lingua=en|In 1922, Einstein noted that others were satisfied to proceed without this [third] criterion and added, 
‘This contentedness will appear incomprehensible to a later generation however.’}}

{{barbarice|lingua=en|It must be said that, as far as I can see, to this day, Mach's principle has not brought physics decisively farther. It must also be said that the origin of inertia is and remains the most obscure subject in the theory of particles and fields. Mach's principle may therefore have a future—but not without the quantum theory.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== Inductio inertialis ==
Anno [[1953]] physicus [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Cantabrigiensis]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dionysius Gulielmus Sciama||en|qid=Q284336}}, [[lex universalis gravitationis Newtoniana|aequationi Newtonianae gravitatis]] terminum accelerationi proportionalem addendo, conatus est principium Machianum quantitative exprimere:&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Sciama, 1953}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;F = G\frac{m_A m_B \mathbf{a}}{r c^2}&lt;/math&gt;

ubi {{mvar|r}} [[spatium]] inter particulas, {{mvar/G}} [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]], {{vect|a}} [[acceleratio]]nem relativam, atque {{mvar|c}} [[celeritas lucis|celeritatem lucis in vacuo]] indicant. Sciama effectum appellavit ''inductionem inertialem''.

== Varia enuntiata principii ==
Sententia secundum quam “massa alibi sita inertiam hic afficit” multis modis expressa est. [[Hermannus Bondi]] et Iosephus Samuel undecim formulas collegerunt, quas a ''Mach0'' usque ad ''Mach10'' nominaverunt:&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

# &lt;li value=&quot;0&quot;&gt;Universum, secundum mediocrem motum galaxiarum remotorum, quoad systemata inertialia localia videtur non volvi.&lt;/li&gt;
# [[Constans gravitatis|Constans gravitatis Newtoniana]] {{mvar/G}} est campus dynamicus.
# Corpus isolatum in spatio alioquin vacuo nullam inertiam percipit.
# Systemata inertialia localia motu cosmico atque uniformitate materiei afficiuntur.
# Universum est spatialiter clausum.
# [[Energia]] totalis, momentum angulare et [[momentum|momentum lineare]] universi nulla sunt.
# Massa inertialis uniformitate materiei universi afficitur.
# Si tota materies tollatur, nullum spatium remaneat.
# Quantitas &lt;math&gt;\Omega\ \stackrel{\text{def}}{=}\ 4 \pi \rho G T^2&lt;/math&gt; est numerus definitus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|ordo magnitudinis|ordinis|en|qid=Q518730}} [[unus|unitatis]], ubi {{mvar|ρ}} densitatem mediam universi atque {{mvar|T}} {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tempus Hubbleanum||fr|qid=Q3517760}} indicant.
# Theoria nulla elementa absoluta continet.
# Rotationes et translationes rigidae universi observari nequeunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

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	| paginae = 507–528
	| bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R
	| doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507
	| accessus ad doi = liberus
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Sciama, 1953
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Sciama
		| nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus
		| titulus = On the origin of inertia
		| lingua = en
		| latine = De origine inertiae
		| contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
		| volumen = 113
		| paginae = 34–42
		| url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S
		| url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S
		| annus = 1953
		| annus compositionis = 1952
		| doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34
		| bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S
	}}
}}.
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Sciama
	| nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus
	| titulus = Modern Cosmology
	| tempus = 1971
	| domus editoria = Cambridge University Press
	| locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e
	| url = https://archive.org/details/moderncosmology0000scia
	| accessus ad url = sociis
	| oclc = 6931707
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Von Bayer, 2001
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer
		| nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus
		| titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 2001
		| domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications
		| isbn = 0-486-41707-7
		| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Weinberg, 1972
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Weinberg
		| nomen auctoris = Stephanus
		| commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg
		| titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 1972
		| domus editoria = John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
		| locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] 
		| url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0
		| accessus ad url = sociis
		| isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Wolters, 1987
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Wolters
		| nomen auctoris = Gereon
		| titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen
		| lingua = de
		| annus = 1987
		| domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter
		| locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]]
		| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC
		| isbn = 9783110108255
	}}
}}.

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[Aether luminifer]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}}
* [[Inertia]]
* [[Relativitas generalis]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}}
* [[Spatii temporisque tractio]]
* [[Spatitempus]]
* [[Systema relationum]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}}
* [[Vis centrifuga]]
{{div col end}}

[[Categoria:Astronomia]]
[[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]]
[[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]]
[[Categoria:Notiones in physica]]
[[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]]
[[Categoria:Rotatio]]
[[Categoria:Philosophia]]
[[Categoria:Physica]]</text>
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      <text bytes="33331" sha1="98yyv8r42qpfjkg2kh6u5h31znf7rxw" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Ernst Mach, Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwickelung.svg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot;&gt;{{qc|Mach, 1883}}.&lt;/ref&gt;]]

In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&amp;dq=mach's+conjecture&amp;pg=PA79 p. 79].&lt;/ref&gt; appellatur hypothesis vaga quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]]—exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]]—ad [[systema relationum]] referantur.

Secundum talem coniecturam, [[exsistentia]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali [[materies|materiei]] pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat:

{{Folium memoratum|
Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto esset casus mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam exsistere {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem|de|qid=Q214070}} quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videntur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator [[vis centrifuga|vim centrifugam]] sentiat. Hinc varia enuntiata principii, saepe vaga, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est:

{{Ipse dixit|
Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur.
|[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] &amp; {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Hawking &amp; Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein enim intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse quo definiatur quid systema quoad rotationem quiescere putetur. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum ipsum principium sit vagum, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae commenticiae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit.

== Historia ==
Ernestus Mach in libro anno [[1883]] edito {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} ({{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}}) suam doctrinam primum exposuit.&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot; /&gt; Similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi ante eum reperiebantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;berkeleius-1721&quot;&gt;{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== De usu Einsteiniano principii ==
Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus est relativus, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putabant talem particulam nullum motum lineare habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur sententia omnino nullum motum, ne rotatorium quidem, tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint.

Sic ipse Mach scripsit:

{{Folium memoratum|
Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemini licet dicere quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|milium passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse:

{{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} A. Einstein, “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne &amp; Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}}

Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse etiam dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam aperte enuntiavit.

Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot; /&gt; in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur.

Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus erat rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|vires ficticias|en|qid=Q212126}} quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescet, deinde vasis motus aquae communicabitur, quae curvabitur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendet. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newtonus conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri.

In libro suo Mach scribit experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas movetur; non licere tamen scire quid accideret si parietes vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Telluris rotetur). Hac ratione, ficticiae vires, quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, nihil aliud censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motum ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (velut Tellus et stellae remotae), quae illis sunt multum maiora gravioraque.

Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.&lt;ref name=&quot;berkeleius-1721&quot; /&gt; Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debeat ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam de corporibus gravibus proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem”&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Redescription of motion in space as experiences that do not invoke the term ‘space’}}”.&lt;/ref&gt; quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet. Scitur tamen pro certo Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit.

Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.&lt;/ref&gt; Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale.

== De principio Machiano in theoria relativitatis generalis ==
Quum in theoria relativitatis generalis notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et unum enuntiata principii proposita sunt, quorum alia putantur “magis Machiana” aliis.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.&lt;/ref&gt; Enuntiatum debilissimum imponit motum materiei ubilibet afficere quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi.

Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare: concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam descriptum incipiet respectu stellarum fixarum [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc “[[spatii temporisque tractio]]” appellatur, atque praesertim formā rotatoriā (“{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus|effectu Lensiano–Thirringiano|en|qid=Q11083519}}” appellatā) principio Machiano simillimus est. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet:

{{Folium memoratum|
{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].&lt;ref name=&quot;epistula-25-iunii-1913&quot; /&gt;
}}

Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi sita hic afficit inertiam”:&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.&lt;/ref&gt; nam si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera.

Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “stellarum fixarum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|problema valorum initialium|problemate valorum initialium|en|qid=Q10167591}}” agnoscunt.

Forma fortior principii Machiani ad spatitempora Wheeleriana–Machiana–Einsteiniana pertinet, quae postulant ut spatiumtempus sit {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|spatium compactum|spatialiter compactum|en|qid=Q381892}} atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|spatitempus globaliter hyperbolicum|globaliter hyperbolicum|en|qid=Q5570942}}. In talibus universis principium Machianum sic enuntiari potest: ''distributio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor energiae momentique|tensoris energiae momentique|en|qid=Q876346}} materiei [[campus physicus|camporum]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que (fortasse etiam aliarum rerum), quodam tempore universi visa, systema inertiale in quolibet puncto universi determinat (ubi “quoddam tempus universi” ad quamlibet {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|superficies Cauchyana|superficiem Cauchyanam|en|qid=Q5054343}} electam refertur).&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 188–207.&lt;/ref&gt;

Alii quoque conati sunt theorias quam maxime Machianas construere, sicut {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana|Theoriam Bransianam–Dickeanam|en|qid=Q898809}} atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana|Theoriam gravitatis Hoyleanam–Narlikarianam|en|qid=Q17027715}}; sed plerique physici censent nullam ex his fuisse prosperam. In conventu peritorum [[Tubinga]]e anno [[1993]] habito, quum quaereretur “Estne relativitas generalis plene Machiana?”, tres responderunt “ita”, viginti duo “non”. Ad quaestionem “Estne relativitas generalis, condicionibus marginalibus aptis, valde Machiana?”, quattuordecim responderunt “ita”, septem “non”.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, p. 106.&lt;/ref&gt;

Einstein tamen persuasus erat relativitatem inertiae necessario validae theoriae gravitatis continendam esse:

{{Folium memoratum|
Adeo vehementer illo tempore Einstein relativitati inertiae credebat ut anno [[1918]] tria principia quibus theoriae gravitatis satisfaciendum erat pari dignitate statuerit:

# Principium relativitatis, per covariantiam generalem expressum.
# Principium aequivalentiae.
# Principium Machianum (quo vocabulo tum primum in litteris adhibito): “{{omissis}} ita ut quantitates {{mvar|g&lt;sub&gt;μν&lt;/sub&gt;}} omnino massā corporum, generalius tensore {{mvar|T&lt;sub&gt;μν&lt;/sub&gt;}}, determinentur.”

Anno [[1922]], quum Einstein animadvertisset alios contentos esse sine hoc [tertio] criterio procedere, hoc addidit: “Haec beatitudo videbitur incomprehensibilis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|posteri|posteris|en|qid=Q954025}}.”

Dicendum est, ut ego videre possum, principium Machianum usque ad hunc diem nullo modo [[physica]]m provexisse. Dicendum quoque est originem inertiae esse manereque obscurissimum caput in [[physica particularum elementarium|theoria particularum]] et [[theoria quantica camporum|camporum]]. Itaque fortasse principium Machianum fructuosum fieri poterit, sed non sine theoria quantica.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Abrahamus Pais||en|qid=Q330492}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|‘Subtle is the Lord…’: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Pais, 2005 [1982]}}, pp. 287–288. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|So strongly did Einstein believe at that time in the relativity of inertia that in 1918 he stated as being on an equal footing three principles on which a satisfactory theory of gravitation should rest:}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|The principle of relativity as expressed by general covariance.}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|The principle of equivalence.}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|Mach's principle (the first time this term entered the literature): ... that the ''g&lt;sub&gt;µν&lt;/sub&gt;'' are completely determined by the mass of bodies, more generally by ''T&lt;sub&gt;µν&lt;/sub&gt;''.}}

{{barbarice|lingua=en|In 1922, Einstein noted that others were satisfied to proceed without this [third] criterion and added, 
‘This contentedness will appear incomprehensible to a later generation however.’}}

{{barbarice|lingua=en|It must be said that, as far as I can see, to this day, Mach's principle has not brought physics decisively farther. It must also be said that the origin of inertia is and remains the most obscure subject in the theory of particles and fields. Mach's principle may therefore have a future—but not without the quantum theory.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== De inductione inertiali numerice expressa ==
Anno [[1953]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dionysius Gulielmus Sciama||en|qid=Q284336}} physicus [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Cantabrigiensis]], [[lex universalis gravitationis Newtoniana|aequationi Newtonianae gravitatis]] terminum accelerationi proportionalem addendo, conatus est principium Machianum quantitative exprimere:&lt;ref&gt;{{*Cfr}} {{qc|Sciama, 1953}}, p. 38: “Nam in motu rectilineo ''leges Newtonianas motūs et gravitatis ita coniunctas reperimus, ut ratio inertiae principio Machiano definiatur''.” [[Lingua Anglica|Angl.]] ''“Indeed we obtain for rectilinear motion ''a combination of Newton's laws of motion and of gravitation, with the inertial frame determined by Mach's principle''.”'' Ibid. etiam “Aequatio (6) indicat constantem gravitatis in quolibet loco totā vi gravitatis ibi exstante determinari, itaque e distributione materiei in universo pendere.” [[Lingua Anglica|Angl.]]: ''“Equation (6) implies that the gravitational constant at any point is determined by the total gravitational potential at that point, and so by the distribution of matter in the universe.”''&lt;/ref&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;F = G\frac{m_A m_B \mathbf{a}}{r c^2}&lt;/math&gt;

ubi {{mvar|r}} [[spatium]] inter particulas, {{mvar/G}} [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]], {{vect|a}} [[acceleratio]]nem relativam, atque {{mvar|c}} [[celeritas lucis|celeritatem lucis in vacuo]] indicant. Sciama effectum appellavit ''inductionem inertialem''.&lt;ref&gt;[[Lingua Anglica|Angl.]] “inertia-induction”. {{qc|Sciama, 1953}}, p. 36.&lt;/ref&gt;

== De variis principii enuntiatis ==
Sententia secundum quam “massa alibi sita inertiam hic afficit” multis modis expressa est. [[Hermannus Bondi]] et Iosephus Samuel undecim formulas collegerunt, quas a ''Mach0'' usque ad ''Mach10'' nominaverunt:&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

# &lt;li value=&quot;0&quot;&gt;Universum, secundum mediocrem motum galaxiarum remotorum, quoad systemata inertialia localia videtur non volvi.&lt;/li&gt;
# [[Constans gravitatis|Constans gravitatis Newtoniana]] {{mvar/G}} est campus dynamicus.
# Corpus isolatum in spatio alioquin vacuo nullam inertiam percipit.
# Systemata inertialia localia motu cosmico atque uniformitate materiei afficiuntur.
# Universum est spatialiter clausum.
# [[Energia]] totalis, momentum angulare et [[momentum|momentum lineare]] universi nulla sunt.
# Massa inertialis uniformitate materiei universi afficitur.
# Si tota materies tollatur, nullum spatium remaneat.
# Quantitas &lt;math&gt;\Omega\ \stackrel{\text{def}}{=}\ 4 \pi \rho G T^2&lt;/math&gt; est numerus definitus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|ordo magnitudinis|ordinis|en|qid=Q518730}} [[unus|unitatis]], ubi {{mvar|ρ}} densitatem mediam universi atque {{mvar|T}} {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tempus Hubbleanum||fr|qid=Q3517760}} indicant.
# Theoria nulla elementa absoluta continet.
# Rotationes et translationes rigidae universi observari nequeunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
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	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour
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		| nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus
		| titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 1995
		| series = Einstein Studies
		| volumen seriei = 6
		| locus = [[Bostonia]]e
		| domus editoria = Birkhäuser
		| url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf
		| isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7
	}}
}}.
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	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius
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		| commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius
		| titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum
		| annus = 1721
		| locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]]
		| domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson
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		| url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus
		| commentatio de auctore 1 = Hermannus Bondi
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus
		| titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle
		| contextus = Physics Letters A
		| volumen = 228
		| fasciculus = 3
		| annus = 1997
		| paginae = 121–126
		| bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B
		| doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5
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		| arxiv = gr-qc/9607009
	}}
}}.
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	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus
		| commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius
		| titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time
		| lingua = en
		| tempus = 1973
		| domus editoria = Cambridge University Press
		| url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk
		| accessus ad url = sociis
		| isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Friedlaender, 1896
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus
		| commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung?
		| lingua = de
		| latine = Motus absolutus an relativus?
		| annus = 1896
		| url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K
		| locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]]
		| domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion
	}}
}}.
* {{Opus
	| cognomen = Gasco
	| nomen = Enricus
	| titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia
	| lingua = it
	| latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae
	| contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica
	| volumen = 12
	| paginae = 17–34
	| annus = 2004
	| url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf
	| retrospectio = 20260518054822
	| salus url = vivit
	| doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Mach, 1883
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Mach
		| nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus
		| commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt
		| lingua = de
		| latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita
		| annus = 1883
		| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ
		| locus = [[Lipsia]]e
		| domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Misner, Thorne &amp; Wheeler, 1973
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus
		| commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne
		| cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler
		| nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Gravitation
		| annus = 1973
		| domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company
		| locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]]
		| url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf
		| retrospectio = 20240728193849
		| salus url = vivit
		| isbn = 0-7167-0344-0
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Pais, 2005 [1982]
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Pais
		| nomen auctoris = Abrahamus
		| titulus = ‘Subtle is the Lord…’: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein
		| annus primae editionis = 1982
		| annus = 2005
		| domus editoria = Oxford University Press
		| locus = [[Oxonia]]e
		| url = https://horizons-2000.org/92.%20Misc%20Files/Reading/Subtle%20is%20the%20Lord--Abraham%20pais.pdf
		| retrospectio = 20250607173909
		| salus url = vivit
		| isbn = 978-0-19-280672-7
	}}
}}.
* {{Opus
	| cognomen 1 = Pfister
	| nomen 1 = Herbertus
	| cognomen 2 = King
	| nomen 2 = Marcus
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time
	| series = Lecture Notes in Physics
	| volumen seriei = 897
	| annus = 2015
	| locus = Heidelberg
	| domus editoria = Springer
	| doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9
	| isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2
}}.
* {{Opus
	| auctor 1 = Raine, D. J.
	| titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity
	| contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
	| volumen = 171
	| fasciculus = 3
	| tempus = 1975
	| paginae = 507–528
	| bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R
	| doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507
	| accessus ad doi = liberus
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Sciama, 1953
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Sciama
		| nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus
		| titulus = On the origin of inertia
		| lingua = en
		| latine = De origine inertiae
		| contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
		| volumen = 113
		| paginae = 34–42
		| url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S
		| url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S
		| annus = 1953
		| annus compositionis = 1952
		| doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34
		| bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S
	}}
}}.
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Sciama
	| nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus
	| titulus = Modern Cosmology
	| tempus = 1971
	| domus editoria = Cambridge University Press
	| locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e
	| url = https://archive.org/details/moderncosmology0000scia
	| accessus ad url = sociis
	| oclc = 6931707
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Von Bayer, 2001
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer
		| nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus
		| titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 2001
		| domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications
		| isbn = 0-486-41707-7
		| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Weinberg, 1972
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Weinberg
		| nomen auctoris = Stephanus
		| commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg
		| titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 1972
		| domus editoria = John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
		| locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] 
		| url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0
		| accessus ad url = sociis
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	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
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	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Wolters
		| nomen auctoris = Gereon
		| titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen
		| lingua = de
		| annus = 1987
		| domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter
		| locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]]
		| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC
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	}}
}}.

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[Aether luminifer]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}}
* [[Inertia]]
* [[Relativitas generalis]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}}
* [[Spatii temporisque tractio]]
* [[Spatitempus]]
* [[Systema relationum]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}}
* [[Vis centrifuga]]
{{div col end}}

[[Categoria:Astronomia]]
[[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]]
[[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]]
[[Categoria:Notiones in physica]]
[[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]]
[[Categoria:Rotatio]]
[[Categoria:Philosophia]]
[[Categoria:Physica]]</text>
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      <text bytes="33355" sha1="fd4jd3d0c7tanc762kxsxnapjve19j4" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Ernst Mach, Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwickelung.svg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot;&gt;{{qc|Mach, 1883}}.&lt;/ref&gt;]]

In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&amp;dq=mach's+conjecture&amp;pg=PA79 p. 79].&lt;/ref&gt; appellatur hypothesis vaga quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]]—exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]]—ad [[systema relationum]] referantur.

Secundum talem coniecturam, [[exsistentia]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali [[materies|materiei]] pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat:

{{Folium memoratum|
Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto esset casus mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam exsistere {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem|de|qid=Q214070}} quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videntur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator [[vis centrifuga|vim centrifugam]] sentiat. Hinc varia enuntiata principii, saepe vaga, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est:

{{Ipse dixit|
Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur.
|[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] &amp; {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Hawking &amp; Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein enim intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse quo definiatur quid systema quoad rotationem quiescere putetur. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum ipsum principium sit vagum, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae commenticiae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit.

== Historia ==
Ernestus Mach in libro anno [[1883]] edito {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} ({{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}}) suam doctrinam primum exposuit.&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot; /&gt; Similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi ante eum reperiebantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;berkeleius-1721&quot;&gt;{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== De usu Einsteiniano principii ==
Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus est relativus, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putabant talem particulam nullum motum lineare habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur sententia omnino nullum motum, ne rotatorium quidem, tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint.

Sic ipse Mach scripsit:

{{Folium memoratum|
Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemini licet dicere quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|milium passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse:

{{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} A. Einstein, “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne &amp; Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}}

Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse etiam dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam aperte enuntiavit.

Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot; /&gt; in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur.

Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus erat rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|vires ficticias|en|qid=Q212126}} quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescet, deinde vasis motus aquae communicabitur, quae curvabitur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendet. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newtonus conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri.

In libro suo Mach scribit experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas movetur; non licere tamen scire quid accideret si parietes vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Telluris rotetur). Hac ratione, ficticiae vires, quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, nihil aliud censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motum ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (velut Tellus et stellae remotae), quae illis sunt multum maiora gravioraque.

Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.&lt;ref name=&quot;berkeleius-1721&quot; /&gt; Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debeat ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam de corporibus gravibus proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem”&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Redescription of motion in space as experiences that do not invoke the term ‘space’}}”.&lt;/ref&gt; quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet. Scitur tamen pro certo Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit.

Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.&lt;/ref&gt; Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale.

== De principio Machiano in theoria relativitatis generalis ==
Quum in theoria relativitatis generalis notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et unum enuntiata principii proposita sunt, quorum alia putantur “magis Machiana” aliis.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.&lt;/ref&gt; Enuntiatum debilissimum imponit motum materiei ubilibet afficere quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi.

Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare: concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam descriptum incipiet respectu stellarum fixarum [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc “[[spatii temporisque tractio]]” appellatur, atque praesertim formā rotatoriā (“{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus|effectu Lensiano–Thirringiano|en|qid=Q11083519}}” appellatā) principio Machiano simillimus est. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet:

{{Folium memoratum|
{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].&lt;ref name=&quot;epistula-25-iunii-1913&quot; /&gt;
}}

Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi sita hic afficit inertiam”:&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.&lt;/ref&gt; nam si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera.

Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “stellarum fixarum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|problema valorum initialium|problemate valorum initialium|en|qid=Q10167591}}” agnoscunt.

Forma fortior principii Machiani ad spatitempora Wheeleriana–Machiana–Einsteiniana pertinet, quae postulant ut spatiumtempus sit {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|spatium compactum|spatialiter compactum|en|qid=Q381892}} atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|spatitempus globaliter hyperbolicum|globaliter hyperbolicum|en|qid=Q5570942}}. In talibus universis principium Machianum sic enuntiari potest: ''distributio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor energiae momentique|tensoris energiae momentique|en|qid=Q876346}} materiei [[campus physicus|camporum]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que (fortasse etiam aliarum rerum), quodam tempore universi visa, systema inertiale in quolibet puncto universi determinat (ubi “quoddam tempus universi” ad quamlibet {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|superficies Cauchyana|superficiem Cauchyanam|en|qid=Q5054343}} electam refertur).&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 188–207.&lt;/ref&gt;

Alii quoque conati sunt theorias quam maxime Machianas construere, sicut {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana|Theoriam Bransianam–Dickeanam|en|qid=Q898809}} atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana|Theoriam gravitatis Hoyleanam–Narlikarianam|en|qid=Q17027715}}; sed plerique physici censent nullam ex his fuisse prosperam. In conventu peritorum [[Tubinga]]e anno [[1993]] habito, quum quaereretur “Estne relativitas generalis plene Machiana?”, tres responderunt “ita”, viginti duo “non”. Ad quaestionem “Estne relativitas generalis, condicionibus marginalibus aptis, valde Machiana?”, quattuordecim responderunt “ita”, septem “non”.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, p. 106.&lt;/ref&gt;

Einstein tamen persuasus erat relativitatem inertiae necessario validae theoriae gravitatis continendam esse:

{{Folium memoratum|
Adeo vehementer illo tempore Einstein relativitati inertiae credebat ut anno [[1918]] tria principia quibus theoriae gravitatis satisfaciendum erat pari dignitate statuerit:

# Principium relativitatis, per covariantiam generalem expressum.
# Principium aequivalentiae.
# Principium Machianum (quo vocabulo tum primum in litteris adhibito): “{{omissis}} ita ut quantitates {{mvar|g&lt;sub&gt;μν&lt;/sub&gt;}} omnino massā corporum, generalius tensore {{mvar|T&lt;sub&gt;μν&lt;/sub&gt;}}, determinentur.”

Anno [[1922]], quum Einstein animadvertisset alios contentos esse sine hoc [tertio] criterio procedere, hoc addidit: “Haec beatitudo videbitur incomprehensibilis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|posteri|posteris|en|qid=Q954025}}.”

Dicendum est, ut ego videre possum, principium Machianum usque ad hunc diem nullo modo [[physica]]m provexisse. Dicendum quoque est originem inertiae esse manereque obscurissimum caput in [[physica particularum elementarium|theoria particularum]] et [[theoria quantica camporum|camporum]]. Itaque fortasse principium Machianum fructuosum fieri poterit, sed non sine theoria quantica.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Abrahamus Pais||en|qid=Q330492}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|‘Subtle is the Lord…’: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Pais, 2005 [1982]}}, pp. 287–288. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|So strongly did Einstein believe at that time in the relativity of inertia that in 1918 he stated as being on an equal footing three principles on which a satisfactory theory of gravitation should rest:}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|The principle of relativity as expressed by general covariance.}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|The principle of equivalence.}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|Mach's principle (the first time this term entered the literature): ... that the ''g&lt;sub&gt;µν&lt;/sub&gt;'' are completely determined by the mass of bodies, more generally by ''T&lt;sub&gt;µν&lt;/sub&gt;''.}}

{{barbarice|lingua=en|In 1922, Einstein noted that others were satisfied to proceed without this [third] criterion and added, 
‘This contentedness will appear incomprehensible to a later generation however.’}}

{{barbarice|lingua=en|It must be said that, as far as I can see, to this day, Mach's principle has not brought physics decisively farther. It must also be said that the origin of inertia is and remains the most obscure subject in the theory of particles and fields. Mach's principle may therefore have a future—but not without the quantum theory.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== De inductione inertiali numerice expressa ==
Anno [[1953]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dionysius Gulielmus Sciama||en|qid=Q284336}} physicus [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Cantabrigiensis]], [[lex universalis gravitationis Newtoniana|aequationi Newtonianae gravitatis]] terminum accelerationi proportionalem addendo, conatus est principium Machianum quantitative exprimere:&lt;ref&gt;{{*Cfr}} {{qc|Sciama, 1953}}, p. 38: “Nam in motu rectilineo ''leges Newtonianas motūs et gravitatis ita coniunctas reperimus, ut ratio inertiae principio Machiano definiatur''.” [[Lingua Anglica|Angl.]] ''“Indeed we obtain for rectilinear motion ''a combination of Newton's laws of motion and of gravitation, with the inertial frame determined by Mach's principle''.”'' Ibid. etiam “Aequatio (6) indicat [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]] in quolibet loco totā vi gravitatis ibi exstante determinari, itaque e distributione materiei in universo pendere.” [[Lingua Anglica|Angl.]]: ''“Equation (6) implies that the gravitational constant at any point is determined by the total gravitational potential at that point, and so by the distribution of matter in the universe.”''&lt;/ref&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;F = G\frac{m_A m_B \mathbf{a}}{r c^2}&lt;/math&gt;

ubi {{mvar|r}} [[spatium]] inter particulas, {{mvar/G}} [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]], {{vect|a}} [[acceleratio]]nem relativam, atque {{mvar|c}} [[celeritas lucis|celeritatem lucis in vacuo]] indicant. Sciama effectum appellavit ''inductionem inertialem''.&lt;ref&gt;[[Lingua Anglica|Angl.]] “inertia-induction”. {{qc|Sciama, 1953}}, p. 36.&lt;/ref&gt;

== De variis principii enuntiatis ==
Sententia secundum quam “massa alibi sita inertiam hic afficit” multis modis expressa est. [[Hermannus Bondi]] et Iosephus Samuel undecim formulas collegerunt, quas a ''Mach0'' usque ad ''Mach10'' nominaverunt:&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

# &lt;li value=&quot;0&quot;&gt;Universum, secundum mediocrem motum galaxiarum remotorum, quoad systemata inertialia localia videtur non volvi.&lt;/li&gt;
# [[Constans gravitatis|Constans gravitatis Newtoniana]] {{mvar/G}} est campus dynamicus.
# Corpus isolatum in spatio alioquin vacuo nullam inertiam percipit.
# Systemata inertialia localia motu cosmico atque uniformitate materiei afficiuntur.
# Universum est spatialiter clausum.
# [[Energia]] totalis, momentum angulare et [[momentum|momentum lineare]] universi nulla sunt.
# Massa inertialis uniformitate materiei universi afficitur.
# Si tota materies tollatur, nullum spatium remaneat.
# Quantitas &lt;math&gt;\Omega\ \stackrel{\text{def}}{=}\ 4 \pi \rho G T^2&lt;/math&gt; est numerus definitus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|ordo magnitudinis|ordinis|en|qid=Q518730}} [[unus|unitatis]], ubi {{mvar|ρ}} densitatem mediam universi atque {{mvar|T}} {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tempus Hubbleanum||fr|qid=Q3517760}} indicant.
# Theoria nulla elementa absoluta continet.
# Rotationes et translationes rigidae universi observari nequeunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

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		| isbn = 978-0-19-280672-7
	}}
}}.
* {{Opus
	| cognomen 1 = Pfister
	| nomen 1 = Herbertus
	| cognomen 2 = King
	| nomen 2 = Marcus
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time
	| series = Lecture Notes in Physics
	| volumen seriei = 897
	| annus = 2015
	| locus = Heidelberg
	| domus editoria = Springer
	| doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9
	| isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2
}}.
* {{Opus
	| auctor 1 = Raine, D. J.
	| titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity
	| contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
	| volumen = 171
	| fasciculus = 3
	| tempus = 1975
	| paginae = 507–528
	| bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R
	| doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507
	| accessus ad doi = liberus
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Sciama, 1953
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Sciama
		| nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus
		| titulus = On the origin of inertia
		| lingua = en
		| latine = De origine inertiae
		| contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
		| volumen = 113
		| paginae = 34–42
		| url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S
		| url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S
		| annus = 1953
		| annus compositionis = 1952
		| doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34
		| bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S
	}}
}}.
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Sciama
	| nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus
	| titulus = Modern Cosmology
	| tempus = 1971
	| domus editoria = Cambridge University Press
	| locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e
	| url = https://archive.org/details/moderncosmology0000scia
	| accessus ad url = sociis
	| oclc = 6931707
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Von Bayer, 2001
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer
		| nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus
		| titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 2001
		| domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications
		| isbn = 0-486-41707-7
		| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Weinberg, 1972
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Weinberg
		| nomen auctoris = Stephanus
		| commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg
		| titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 1972
		| domus editoria = John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
		| locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] 
		| url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0
		| accessus ad url = sociis
		| isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Wolters, 1987
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Wolters
		| nomen auctoris = Gereon
		| titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen
		| lingua = de
		| annus = 1987
		| domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter
		| locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]]
		| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC
		| isbn = 9783110108255
	}}
}}.

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[Aether luminifer]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}}
* [[Inertia]]
* [[Relativitas generalis]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}}
* [[Spatii temporisque tractio]]
* [[Spatitempus]]
* [[Systema relationum]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}}
* [[Vis centrifuga]]
{{div col end}}

[[Categoria:Astronomia]]
[[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]]
[[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]]
[[Categoria:Notiones in physica]]
[[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]]
[[Categoria:Rotatio]]
[[Categoria:Philosophia]]
[[Categoria:Physica]]</text>
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      <text bytes="33347" sha1="rbaf3femuin2belk6shoe5pmswv1n6r" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Ernst Mach, Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwickelung.svg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot;&gt;{{qc|Mach, 1883}}.&lt;/ref&gt;]]

In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&amp;dq=mach's+conjecture&amp;pg=PA79 p. 79].&lt;/ref&gt; appellatur hypothesis vaga quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]]—exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]]—ad [[systema relationum]] referantur.

Secundum talem coniecturam, [[exsistentia]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali [[materies|materiei]] pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat:

{{Folium memoratum|
Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto esset casus mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam exsistere {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem|de|qid=Q214070}} quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videntur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator [[vis centrifuga|vim centrifugam]] sentiat. Hinc varia enuntiata principii, saepe vaga, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est:

{{Ipse dixit|
Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur.
|[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] &amp; {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Hawking &amp; Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein enim intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse quo definiatur quid systema quoad rotationem quiescere putetur. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum ipsum principium sit vagum, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae commenticiae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit.

== Historia ==
Ernestus Mach in libro anno [[1883]] edito {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} ({{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}}) suam doctrinam primum exposuit.&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot; /&gt; Similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi ante eum reperiebantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;berkeleius-1721&quot;&gt;{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== De usu Einsteiniano principii ==
Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus est relativus, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putabant talem particulam nullum motum lineare habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur sententia omnino nullum motum, ne rotatorium quidem, tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint.

Sic ipse Mach scripsit:

{{Folium memoratum|
Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemini licet dicere quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|milium passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse:

{{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} A. Einstein, “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne &amp; Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}}

Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse etiam dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam aperte enuntiavit.

Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot; /&gt; in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur.

Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus erat rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|vires ficticias|en|qid=Q212126}} quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescet, deinde vasis motus aquae communicabitur, quae curvabitur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendet. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newtonus conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri.

In libro suo Mach scribit experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas movetur; non licere tamen scire quid accideret si parietes vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Telluris rotetur). Hac ratione, ficticiae vires, quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, nihil aliud censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motum ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (velut Tellus et stellae remotae), quae illis sunt multum maiora gravioraque.

Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.&lt;ref name=&quot;berkeleius-1721&quot; /&gt; Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debeat ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam de corporibus gravibus proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem”&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Redescription of motion in space as experiences that do not invoke the term ‘space’}}”.&lt;/ref&gt; quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet. Scitur tamen pro certo Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit.

Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.&lt;/ref&gt; Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale.

== De principio Machiano in theoria relativitatis generalis ==
Quum in theoria relativitatis generalis notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et unum enuntiata principii proposita sunt, quorum alia putantur “magis Machiana” aliis.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.&lt;/ref&gt; Enuntiatum debilissimum imponit motum materiei ubilibet afficere quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi.

Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare: concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam descriptum incipiet respectu stellarum fixarum [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc “[[spatii temporisque tractio]]” appellatur, atque praesertim formā rotatoriā (“{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus|effectu Lensiano–Thirringiano|en|qid=Q11083519}}” appellatā) principio Machiano simillimus est. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet:

{{Folium memoratum|
{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].&lt;ref name=&quot;epistula-25-iunii-1913&quot; /&gt;
}}

Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi sita hic afficit inertiam”:&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.&lt;/ref&gt; nam si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera.

Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “stellarum fixarum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|problema valorum initialium|problemate valorum initialium|en|qid=Q10167591}}” agnoscunt.

Forma fortior principii Machiani ad spatitempora Wheeleriana–Machiana–Einsteiniana pertinet, quae postulant ut spatiumtempus sit {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|spatium compactum|spatialiter compactum|en|qid=Q381892}} atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|spatitempus globaliter hyperbolicum|globaliter hyperbolicum|en|qid=Q5570942}}. In talibus universis principium Machianum sic enuntiari potest: ''distributio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor energiae momentique|tensoris energiae momentique|en|qid=Q876346}} materiei [[campus physicus|camporum]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que (fortasse etiam aliarum rerum), quodam tempore universi visa, systema inertiale in quolibet puncto universi determinat (ubi “quoddam tempus universi” ad quamlibet {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|superficies Cauchyana|superficiem Cauchyanam|en|qid=Q5054343}} electam refertur).&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 188–207.&lt;/ref&gt;

Alii quoque conati sunt theorias quam maxime Machianas construere, sicut {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana|Theoriam Bransianam–Dickeanam|en|qid=Q898809}} atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana|Theoriam gravitatis Hoyleanam–Narlikarianam|en|qid=Q17027715}}; sed plerique physici censent nullam ex his fuisse prosperam. In conventu peritorum [[Tubinga]]e anno [[1993]] habito, quum quaereretur “Estne relativitas generalis plene Machiana?”, tres responderunt “ita”, viginti duo “non”. Ad quaestionem “Estne relativitas generalis, condicionibus marginalibus aptis, valde Machiana?”, quattuordecim responderunt “ita”, septem “non”.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, p. 106.&lt;/ref&gt;

Einstein tamen persuasus erat relativitatem inertiae necessario validae theoriae gravitatis continendam esse:

{{Folium memoratum|
Adeo vehementer illo tempore Einstein relativitati inertiae credebat ut anno [[1918]] tria principia quibus theoriae gravitatis satisfaciendum erat pari dignitate statuerit:

# Principium relativitatis, per covariantiam generalem expressum.
# Principium aequivalentiae.
# Principium Machianum (quo vocabulo tum primum in litteris adhibito): “{{omissis}} ita ut quantitates {{mvar|g&lt;sub&gt;μν&lt;/sub&gt;}} omnino massā corporum, generalius tensore {{mvar|T&lt;sub&gt;μν&lt;/sub&gt;}}, determinentur.”

Anno [[1922]], quum Einstein animadvertisset alios contentos esse sine hoc [tertio] criterio procedere, hoc addidit: “Haec beatitudo videbitur incomprehensibilis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|posteri|posteris|en|qid=Q954025}}.”

Dicendum est, ut ego videre possum, principium Machianum usque ad hunc diem nullo modo [[physica]]m provexisse. Dicendum quoque est originem inertiae esse manereque obscurissimum caput in [[physica particularum elementarium|theoria particularum]] et [[theoria quantica camporum|camporum]]. Itaque fortasse principium Machianum fructuosum fieri poterit, sed non sine theoria quantica.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Abrahamus Pais||en|qid=Q330492}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|‘Subtle is the Lord…’: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Pais, 2005 [1982]}}, pp. 287–288. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|So strongly did Einstein believe at that time in the relativity of inertia that in 1918 he stated as being on an equal footing three principles on which a satisfactory theory of gravitation should rest:}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|The principle of relativity as expressed by general covariance.}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|The principle of equivalence.}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|Mach's principle (the first time this term entered the literature): ... that the ''g&lt;sub&gt;µν&lt;/sub&gt;'' are completely determined by the mass of bodies, more generally by ''T&lt;sub&gt;µν&lt;/sub&gt;''.}}

{{barbarice|lingua=en|In 1922, Einstein noted that others were satisfied to proceed without this [third] criterion and added, 
‘This contentedness will appear incomprehensible to a later generation however.’}}

{{barbarice|lingua=en|It must be said that, as far as I can see, to this day, Mach's principle has not brought physics decisively farther. It must also be said that the origin of inertia is and remains the most obscure subject in the theory of particles and fields. Mach's principle may therefore have a future—but not without the quantum theory.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== De inductione inertiali numerice expressa ==
Anno [[1953]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dionysius Gulielmus Sciama||en|qid=Q284336}} physicus [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Cantabrigiensis]], [[lex universalis gravitationis Newtoniana|aequationi Newtonianae gravitatis]] terminum accelerationi proportionalem addendo, conatus est principium Machianum quantitative exprimere:&lt;ref&gt;{{*Cfr}} {{qc|Sciama, 1953}}, p. 38: “Nam in motu rectilineo leges Newtonianas motūs et gravitatis ita coniunctas reperimus, ut ratio inertiae principio Machiano definiatur.” [[Lingua Anglica|Angl.]] ''“Indeed we obtain for rectilinear motion a combination of Newton's laws of motion and of gravitation, with the inertial frame determined by Mach's principle.”'' Ibid. etiam “Aequatio (6) indicat [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]] in quolibet loco totā vi gravitatis ibi exstante determinari, itaque e distributione materiei in universo pendere.” [[Lingua Anglica|Angl.]]: ''“Equation (6) implies that the gravitational constant at any point is determined by the total gravitational potential at that point, and so by the distribution of matter in the universe.”''&lt;/ref&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;F = G\frac{m_A m_B \mathbf{a}}{r c^2}&lt;/math&gt;

ubi {{mvar|r}} [[spatium]] inter particulas, {{mvar/G}} [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]], {{vect|a}} [[acceleratio]]nem relativam, atque {{mvar|c}} [[celeritas lucis|celeritatem lucis in vacuo]] indicant. Sciama effectum appellavit ''inductionem inertialem''.&lt;ref&gt;[[Lingua Anglica|Angl.]] “inertia-induction”. {{qc|Sciama, 1953}}, p. 36.&lt;/ref&gt;

== De variis principii enuntiatis ==
Sententia secundum quam “massa alibi sita inertiam hic afficit” multis modis expressa est. [[Hermannus Bondi]] et Iosephus Samuel undecim formulas collegerunt, quas a ''Mach0'' usque ad ''Mach10'' nominaverunt:&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

# &lt;li value=&quot;0&quot;&gt;Universum, secundum mediocrem motum galaxiarum remotorum, quoad systemata inertialia localia videtur non volvi.&lt;/li&gt;
# [[Constans gravitatis|Constans gravitatis Newtoniana]] {{mvar/G}} est campus dynamicus.
# Corpus isolatum in spatio alioquin vacuo nullam inertiam percipit.
# Systemata inertialia localia motu cosmico atque uniformitate materiei afficiuntur.
# Universum est spatialiter clausum.
# [[Energia]] totalis, momentum angulare et [[momentum|momentum lineare]] universi nulla sunt.
# Massa inertialis uniformitate materiei universi afficitur.
# Si tota materies tollatur, nullum spatium remaneat.
# Quantitas &lt;math&gt;\Omega\ \stackrel{\text{def}}{=}\ 4 \pi \rho G T^2&lt;/math&gt; est numerus definitus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|ordo magnitudinis|ordinis|en|qid=Q518730}} [[unus|unitatis]], ubi {{mvar|ρ}} densitatem mediam universi atque {{mvar|T}} {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tempus Hubbleanum||fr|qid=Q3517760}} indicant.
# Theoria nulla elementa absoluta continet.
# Rotationes et translationes rigidae universi observari nequeunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
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	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour
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		| cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister
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		| titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 1995
		| series = Einstein Studies
		| volumen seriei = 6
		| locus = [[Bostonia]]e
		| domus editoria = Birkhäuser
		| url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf
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	}}
}}.
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		| commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius
		| titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum
		| annus = 1721
		| locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]]
		| domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson
		| url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299
		| url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus
		| commentatio de auctore 1 = Hermannus Bondi
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus
		| titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle
		| contextus = Physics Letters A
		| volumen = 228
		| fasciculus = 3
		| annus = 1997
		| paginae = 121–126
		| bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B
		| doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5
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		| arxiv = gr-qc/9607009
	}}
}}.
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	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus
		| commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius
		| titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time
		| lingua = en
		| tempus = 1973
		| domus editoria = Cambridge University Press
		| url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk
		| accessus ad url = sociis
		| isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Friedlaender, 1896
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus
		| commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung?
		| lingua = de
		| latine = Motus absolutus an relativus?
		| annus = 1896
		| url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K
		| locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]]
		| domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion
	}}
}}.
* {{Opus
	| cognomen = Gasco
	| nomen = Enricus
	| titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia
	| lingua = it
	| latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae
	| contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica
	| volumen = 12
	| paginae = 17–34
	| annus = 2004
	| url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf
	| retrospectio = 20260518054822
	| salus url = vivit
	| doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Mach, 1883
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Mach
		| nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus
		| commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt
		| lingua = de
		| latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita
		| annus = 1883
		| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ
		| locus = [[Lipsia]]e
		| domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Misner, Thorne &amp; Wheeler, 1973
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus
		| commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne
		| cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler
		| nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Gravitation
		| annus = 1973
		| domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company
		| locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]]
		| url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf
		| retrospectio = 20240728193849
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		| isbn = 0-7167-0344-0
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Pais, 2005 [1982]
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Pais
		| nomen auctoris = Abrahamus
		| titulus = ‘Subtle is the Lord…’: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein
		| annus primae editionis = 1982
		| annus = 2005
		| domus editoria = Oxford University Press
		| locus = [[Oxonia]]e
		| url = https://horizons-2000.org/92.%20Misc%20Files/Reading/Subtle%20is%20the%20Lord--Abraham%20pais.pdf
		| retrospectio = 20250607173909
		| salus url = vivit
		| isbn = 978-0-19-280672-7
	}}
}}.
* {{Opus
	| cognomen 1 = Pfister
	| nomen 1 = Herbertus
	| cognomen 2 = King
	| nomen 2 = Marcus
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time
	| series = Lecture Notes in Physics
	| volumen seriei = 897
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	| domus editoria = Springer
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}}.
* {{Opus
	| auctor 1 = Raine, D. J.
	| titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity
	| contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
	| volumen = 171
	| fasciculus = 3
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	| paginae = 507–528
	| bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R
	| doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507
	| accessus ad doi = liberus
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
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	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Sciama
		| nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus
		| titulus = On the origin of inertia
		| lingua = en
		| latine = De origine inertiae
		| contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
		| volumen = 113
		| paginae = 34–42
		| url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S
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		| annus = 1953
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	}}
}}.
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}}.
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		| cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer
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		| lingua = en
		| annus = 2001
		| domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications
		| isbn = 0-486-41707-7
		| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC
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		| commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg
		| titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 1972
		| domus editoria = John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
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	}}
}}.

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[Aether luminifer]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}}
* [[Inertia]]
* [[Relativitas generalis]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}}
* [[Spatii temporisque tractio]]
* [[Spatitempus]]
* [[Systema relationum]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}}
* [[Vis centrifuga]]
{{div col end}}

[[Categoria:Astronomia]]
[[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]]
[[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]]
[[Categoria:Notiones in physica]]
[[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]]
[[Categoria:Rotatio]]
[[Categoria:Philosophia]]
[[Categoria:Physica]]</text>
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      <text bytes="33346" sha1="60kt2t4zt5l6e50p0iwrc2n37rqtnwk" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Ernst Mach, Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwickelung.svg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot;&gt;{{qc|Mach, 1883}}.&lt;/ref&gt;]]

In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&amp;dq=mach's+conjecture&amp;pg=PA79 p. 79].&lt;/ref&gt; appellatur hypothesis vaga quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]]—exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]]—ad [[systema relationum]] referantur.

Secundum talem coniecturam, [[exsistentia]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali [[materies|materiei]] pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat:

{{Folium memoratum|
Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto esset casus mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam exsistere {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem|de|qid=Q214070}} quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videntur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator [[vis centrifuga|vim centrifugam]] sentiat. Hinc varia enuntiata principii, saepe vaga, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est:

{{Ipse dixit|
Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur.
|[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] &amp; {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Hawking &amp; Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein enim intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse quo definiatur quid systema quoad rotationem quiescere putetur. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum ipsum principium sit vagum, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae commenticiae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit.

== Historia ==
Ernestus Mach in libro anno [[1883]] edito {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} ({{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}}) suam doctrinam primum exposuit.&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot; /&gt; Similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi ante eum reperiebantur.&lt;ref name=&quot;berkeleius-1721&quot;&gt;{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

== De usu Einsteiniano principii ==
Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus est relativus, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putabant talem particulam nullum motum lineare habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur sententia omnino nullum motum, ne rotatorium quidem, tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint.

Sic ipse Mach scripsit:

{{Folium memoratum|
Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemini licet dicere quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|milium passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse:

{{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} A. Einstein, “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne &amp; Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}}

Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse etiam dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam aperte enuntiavit.

Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},&lt;ref name=&quot;mach-1883&quot; /&gt; in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur.

Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus erat rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|vires ficticias|en|qid=Q212126}} quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescet, deinde vasis motus aquae communicabitur, quae curvabitur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendet. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newtonus conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri.

In libro suo Mach scribit experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas movetur; non licere tamen scire quid accideret si parietes vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Telluris rotetur). Hac ratione, ficticiae vires, quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, nihil aliud censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motum ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (velut Tellus et stellae remotae), quae illis sunt multum maiora gravioraque.

Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.&lt;ref name=&quot;berkeleius-1721&quot; /&gt; Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debeat ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam de corporibus gravibus proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem”&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Redescription of motion in space as experiences that do not invoke the term ‘space’}}”.&lt;/ref&gt; quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet. Scitur tamen pro certo Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit.

Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.&lt;/ref&gt; Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale.

== De principio Machiano in theoria relativitatis generalis ==
Quum in theoria relativitatis generalis notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et unum enuntiata principii proposita sunt, quorum alia putantur “magis Machiana” aliis.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.&lt;/ref&gt; Enuntiatum debilissimum imponit motum materiei ubilibet afficere quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi.

Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare: concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam descriptum incipiet respectu stellarum fixarum [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc “[[spatii temporisque tractio]]” appellatur, atque praesertim formā rotatoriā (“{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus|effectu Lensiano–Thirringiano|en|qid=Q11083519}}” appellatā) principio Machiano simillimus est. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet:

{{Folium memoratum|
{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].&lt;ref name=&quot;epistula-25-iunii-1913&quot; /&gt;
}}

Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi sita hic afficit inertiam”:&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.&lt;/ref&gt; nam si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera.

Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “stellarum fixarum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|problema valorum initialium|problemate valorum initialium|en|qid=Q10167591}}” agnoscunt.

Forma fortior principii Machiani ad spatitempora Wheeleriana–Machiana–Einsteiniana pertinet, quae postulant ut spatiumtempus sit {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|spatium compactum|spatialiter compactum|en|qid=Q381892}} atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|spatitempus globaliter hyperbolicum|globaliter hyperbolicum|en|qid=Q5570942}}. In talibus universis principium Machianum sic enuntiari potest: ''distributio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor energiae momentique|tensoris energiae momentique|en|qid=Q876346}} materiei [[campus physicus|camporum]]&lt;nowiki /&gt;que (fortasse etiam aliarum rerum), quodam tempore universi visa, systema inertiale in quolibet puncto universi determinat (ubi “quoddam tempus universi” ad quamlibet {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|superficies Cauchyana|superficiem Cauchyanam|en|qid=Q5054343}} electam refertur).&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 188–207.&lt;/ref&gt;

Alii quoque conati sunt theorias quam maxime Machianas construere, sicut {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana|Theoriam Bransianam–Dickeanam|en|qid=Q898809}} atque {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana|Theoriam gravitatis Hoyleanam–Narlikarianam|en|qid=Q17027715}}; sed plerique physici censent nullam ex his fuisse prosperam. In conventu peritorum [[Tubinga]]e anno [[1993]] habito, quum quaereretur “Estne relativitas generalis plene Machiana?”, tres responderunt “ita”, viginti duo “non”. Ad quaestionem “Estne relativitas generalis, condicionibus marginalibus aptis, valde Machiana?”, quattuordecim responderunt “ita”, septem “non”.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995}}, p. 106.&lt;/ref&gt;

Einstein tamen persuasus erat relativitatem inertiae necessario validae theoriae gravitatis continendam esse:

{{Folium memoratum|
Adeo vehementer illo tempore Einstein relativitati inertiae credebat ut anno [[1918]] tria principia quibus theoriae gravitatis satisfaciendum erat pari dignitate statuerit:

# Principium relativitatis, per covariantiam generalem expressum.
# Principium aequivalentiae.
# Principium Machianum (quo vocabulo tum primum in litteris adhibito): “{{omissis}} ita ut quantitates {{mvar|g&lt;sub&gt;μν&lt;/sub&gt;}} omnino massā corporum, generalius tensore {{mvar|T&lt;sub&gt;μν&lt;/sub&gt;}}, determinentur.”

Anno [[1922]], quum Einstein animadvertisset alios contentos esse sine hoc [tertio] criterio procedere, hoc addidit: “Haec beatitudo videbitur incomprehensibilis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|posteri|posteris|en|qid=Q954025}}.”

Dicendum est, ut ego videre possum, principium Machianum usque ad hunc diem nullo modo [[physica]]m provexisse. Dicendum quoque est originem inertiae esse manereque obscurissimum caput in [[physica particularum elementarium|theoria particularum]] et [[theoria quantica camporum|camporum]]. Itaque fortasse principium Machianum fructuosum fieri poterit, sed non sine theoria quantica.
}}{{Norma dextra|
―{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Abrahamus Pais||en|qid=Q330492}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|‘Subtle is the Lord…’: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Pais, 2005 [1982]}}, pp. 287–288. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|So strongly did Einstein believe at that time in the relativity of inertia that in 1918 he stated as being on an equal footing three principles on which a satisfactory theory of gravitation should rest:}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|The principle of relativity as expressed by general covariance.}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|The principle of equivalence.}}
# {{barbarice|lingua=en|Mach's principle (the first time this term entered the literature): ... that the ''g&lt;sub&gt;µν&lt;/sub&gt;'' are completely determined by the mass of bodies, more generally by ''T&lt;sub&gt;µν&lt;/sub&gt;''.}}

{{barbarice|lingua=en|In 1922, Einstein noted that others were satisfied to proceed without this [third] criterion and added, 
‘This contentedness will appear incomprehensible to a later generation however.’}}

{{barbarice|lingua=en|It must be said that, as far as I can see, to this day, Mach's principle has not brought physics decisively farther. It must also be said that the origin of inertia is and remains the most obscure subject in the theory of particles and fields. Mach's principle may therefore have a future—but not without the quantum theory.}}”&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== De inductione inertiali numerice expressa ==
Anno [[1953]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Dionysius Gulielmus Sciama||en|qid=Q284336}} physicus [[Universitas Cantabrigiensis|Cantabrigiensis]], [[lex universalis gravitationis Newtoniana|aequationi Newtonianae gravitatis]] terminum accelerationi proportionalem addendo, conatus est principium Machianum quantitative exprimere:&lt;ref&gt;{{*Cfr}} {{qc|Sciama, 1953}}, p. 38: “Nam in motu rectilineo leges Newtonianas motūs et gravitatis ita coniunctas reperimus, ut ratio inertiae principio Machiano definiatur.” [[Lingua Anglica|Angl.]] ''“Indeed we obtain for rectilinear motion a combination of Newton's laws of motion and of gravitation, with the inertial frame determined by Mach's principle.”'' Ibid. etiam “Aequatio (6) indicat [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]] in quolibet loco totā vi gravitatis ibi exstante determinari, itaque e distributione materiei in universo pendere.” [[Lingua Anglica|Angl.]] ''“Equation (6) implies that the gravitational constant at any point is determined by the total gravitational potential at that point, and so by the distribution of matter in the universe.”''&lt;/ref&gt;

: &lt;math&gt;F = G\frac{m_A m_B \mathbf{a}}{r c^2}&lt;/math&gt;

ubi {{mvar|r}} [[spatium]] inter particulas, {{mvar/G}} [[constans gravitatis|constantem gravitatis]], {{vect|a}} [[acceleratio]]nem relativam, atque {{mvar|c}} [[celeritas lucis|celeritatem lucis in vacuo]] indicant. Sciama effectum appellavit ''inductionem inertialem''.&lt;ref&gt;[[Lingua Anglica|Angl.]] “inertia-induction”. {{qc|Sciama, 1953}}, p. 36.&lt;/ref&gt;

== De variis principii enuntiatis ==
Sententia secundum quam “massa alibi sita inertiam hic afficit” multis modis expressa est. [[Hermannus Bondi]] et Iosephus Samuel undecim formulas collegerunt, quas a ''Mach0'' usque ad ''Mach10'' nominaverunt:&lt;ref&gt;{{qc|Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997}}.&lt;/ref&gt;

# &lt;li value=&quot;0&quot;&gt;Universum, secundum mediocrem motum galaxiarum remotorum, quoad systemata inertialia localia videtur non volvi.&lt;/li&gt;
# [[Constans gravitatis|Constans gravitatis Newtoniana]] {{mvar/G}} est campus dynamicus.
# Corpus isolatum in spatio alioquin vacuo nullam inertiam percipit.
# Systemata inertialia localia motu cosmico atque uniformitate materiei afficiuntur.
# Universum est spatialiter clausum.
# [[Energia]] totalis, momentum angulare et [[momentum|momentum lineare]] universi nulla sunt.
# Massa inertialis uniformitate materiei universi afficitur.
# Si tota materies tollatur, nullum spatium remaneat.
# Quantitas &lt;math&gt;\Omega\ \stackrel{\text{def}}{=}\ 4 \pi \rho G T^2&lt;/math&gt; est numerus definitus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|ordo magnitudinis|ordinis|en|qid=Q518730}} [[unus|unitatis]], ubi {{mvar|ρ}} densitatem mediam universi atque {{mvar|T}} {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tempus Hubbleanum||fr|qid=Q3517760}} indicant.
# Theoria nulla elementa absoluta continet.
# Rotationes et translationes rigidae universi observari nequeunt.

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliographia ==
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Barbour &amp; Pfister, 1995
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour
		| nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B.
		| cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister
		| nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus
		| titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 1995
		| series = Einstein Studies
		| volumen seriei = 6
		| locus = [[Bostonia]]e
		| domus editoria = Birkhäuser
		| url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf
		| isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Berkeleius, 1721
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius
		| nomen auctoris = Georgius
		| commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius
		| titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum
		| annus = 1721
		| locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]]
		| domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson
		| url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299
		| url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Bondi &amp; Samuel, 1997
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus
		| commentatio de auctore 1 = Hermannus Bondi
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus
		| titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle
		| contextus = Physics Letters A
		| volumen = 228
		| fasciculus = 3
		| annus = 1997
		| paginae = 121–126
		| bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B
		| doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5
		| s2cid = 15625102
		| arxiv = gr-qc/9607009
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Hawking &amp; Ellis, 1973
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus
		| commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius
		| titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time
		| lingua = en
		| tempus = 1973
		| domus editoria = Cambridge University Press
		| url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk
		| accessus ad url = sociis
		| isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Friedlaender, 1896
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus
		| commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung?
		| lingua = de
		| latine = Motus absolutus an relativus?
		| annus = 1896
		| url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K
		| locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]]
		| domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion
	}}
}}.
* {{Opus
	| cognomen = Gasco
	| nomen = Enricus
	| titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia
	| lingua = it
	| latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae
	| contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica
	| volumen = 12
	| paginae = 17–34
	| annus = 2004
	| url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf
	| retrospectio = 20260518054822
	| salus url = vivit
	| doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Mach, 1883
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Mach
		| nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus
		| commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt
		| lingua = de
		| latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita
		| annus = 1883
		| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ
		| locus = [[Lipsia]]e
		| domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Misner, Thorne &amp; Wheeler, 1973
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner
		| nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus
		| cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne
		| nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus
		| commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne
		| cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler
		| nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus
		| nomenclatura = compendiaria
		| titulus = Gravitation
		| annus = 1973
		| domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company
		| locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]]
		| url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf
		| retrospectio = 20240728193849
		| salus url = vivit
		| isbn = 0-7167-0344-0
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Pais, 2005 [1982]
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Pais
		| nomen auctoris = Abrahamus
		| titulus = ‘Subtle is the Lord…’: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein
		| annus primae editionis = 1982
		| annus = 2005
		| domus editoria = Oxford University Press
		| locus = [[Oxonia]]e
		| url = https://horizons-2000.org/92.%20Misc%20Files/Reading/Subtle%20is%20the%20Lord--Abraham%20pais.pdf
		| retrospectio = 20250607173909
		| salus url = vivit
		| isbn = 978-0-19-280672-7
	}}
}}.
* {{Opus
	| cognomen 1 = Pfister
	| nomen 1 = Herbertus
	| cognomen 2 = King
	| nomen 2 = Marcus
	| nomenclatura = compendiaria
	| titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time
	| series = Lecture Notes in Physics
	| volumen seriei = 897
	| annus = 2015
	| locus = Heidelberg
	| domus editoria = Springer
	| doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9
	| isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2
}}.
* {{Opus
	| auctor 1 = Raine, D. J.
	| titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity
	| contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
	| volumen = 171
	| fasciculus = 3
	| tempus = 1975
	| paginae = 507–528
	| bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R
	| doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507
	| accessus ad doi = liberus
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Sciama, 1953
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Sciama
		| nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus
		| titulus = On the origin of inertia
		| lingua = en
		| latine = De origine inertiae
		| contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
		| volumen = 113
		| paginae = 34–42
		| url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S
		| url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S
		| annus = 1953
		| annus compositionis = 1952
		| doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34
		| bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S
	}}
}}.
* {{Opus
	| cognomen auctoris = Sciama
	| nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus
	| titulus = Modern Cosmology
	| tempus = 1971
	| domus editoria = Cambridge University Press
	| locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e
	| url = https://archive.org/details/moderncosmology0000scia
	| accessus ad url = sociis
	| oclc = 6931707
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Von Bayer, 2001
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer
		| nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus
		| titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 2001
		| domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications
		| isbn = 0-486-41707-7
		| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Weinberg, 1972
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Weinberg
		| nomen auctoris = Stephanus
		| commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg
		| titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology
		| lingua = en
		| annus = 1972
		| domus editoria = John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
		| locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] 
		| url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0
		| accessus ad url = sociis
		| isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5
	}}
}}.
* {{Ecce citatio
	| id = Wolters, 1987
	| c = {{Opus
		| cognomen auctoris = Wolters
		| nomen auctoris = Gereon
		| titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen
		| lingua = de
		| annus = 1987
		| domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter
		| locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]]
		| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC
		| isbn = 9783110108255
	}}
}}.

{{NexInt}}
{{div col|2}}
* [[Aether luminifer]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}}
* [[Inertia]]
* [[Relativitas generalis]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}}
* [[Spatii temporisque tractio]]
* [[Spatitempus]]
* [[Systema relationum]]
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}}
* {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}}
* [[Vis centrifuga]]
{{div col end}}

[[Categoria:Astronomia]]
[[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]]
[[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]]
[[Categoria:Notiones in physica]]
[[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]]
[[Categoria:Rotatio]]
[[Categoria:Philosophia]]
[[Categoria:Physica]]</text>
      <sha1>60kt2t4zt5l6e50p0iwrc2n37rqtnwk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio:Fridericus Mercury</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>325425</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965296</id>
      <parentid>3965273</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T13:21:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>agreed</comment>
      <origin>3965296</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2338" sha1="pndltu38j4kks4jpdc7dyoy5y69p33m" xml:space="preserve">== Section &quot;Latina&quot; ==
Hi! Sorry for writing this in English, I'm just a humble learner of Latin, not fluent for writing without a dictionary and grammar table yet. I've stumbled upon this article, section &quot;Latina&quot; and it looks like nonsense, to be honest. I tried reading it as it is and in translation, it seems to suggest that Freddy Mercury learnt and wrote Latin but I couldn't confirm it googling about him. Also no sources are cited in this section. So it looks like someone has just made it up. Hope anybody more knowledgeable in the language and Wikipedia rules can investigate and either delete it or respond to me that I was wrong. Thanks in advance! --[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2026-32792-58|&amp;#126;2026-32792-58]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2026-32792-58|talk]]) 10:33, 3 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:Good catch! The Latin in much of the text is atrocious, both in grammar &amp; vocabulary, and AI Overview at Google also finds no indication that he studied Latin. Is the extra text a machine translation? It was added by an unknown &quot;Saint Oculus&quot; on 3 September 2024, deleted by @Andrew Dalby on the same day, and restored by an unknown &quot;Holius Dominus&quot; on 8 November 2025, and some false information in it was removed by an unknown &quot;~2026-28538-67&quot; on 11 May 2026. Maybe @Grufo will examine it. Meanwhile, I've fixed a few minor things in it. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 11:20, 3 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
:: Any news on that? --[[Specialis:Conlationes/&amp;#126;2026-35495-97|&amp;#126;2026-35495-97]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&amp;#126;2026-35495-97|talk]]) 00:54, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::: I just added {{Fn|Pars autotranslata}}. If the section stays like this for more than a week it can be freely removed. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:52, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)
::::(Sadly) it's not about a living person, because, if it were, and if it still included any falsehoods, we would delete it at once. It's unlucky that we have so little about Freddie Mercury -- he was a very notable figure -- but this is worse than nothing and should be deleted. I wasn't active in November 2025, otherwise I would probably have noted the repeated attempt and deleted it at once. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:20, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>pndltu38j4kks4jpdc7dyoy5y69p33m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Index urbium et communium Saxoniae</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325503</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965369</id>
      <parentid>3965259</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T21:51:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3965369</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="49225" sha1="gcfz0u6uos3s7douipjw7urg2glb90n" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Saxony.svg|thumb|550px|Urbes et communia [[Saxonia]]e (Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2023).]]
'''Index [[urbs|urbium]] et [[commune|communium]] in [[Saxonia]]''' omnes sedes in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitate Foederata Libera]] Saxoniae recenset. [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitas Foederata Libera]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia]], e [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[2023]], ex universis 418 sedibus politice sui iuris constat.

Quae ita distribuuntur:

* 169 urbes ([[Theodisce]] ''Städte''), quarum:
** tres [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), inter quas [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] [[Dresda]] est;
** 166 urbes magnae [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte'');
* 249 communium circulo subiecta.

158 sedes, quarum 48 urbes, ad negotia administrationis suae gerenda in 64 consociationes administrativas (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaften'') et 21 communia in sex foedera administrativa (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsverbände'') coierunt.

Die [[3 Octobris]] anni [[1990]] adhuc 1626 sedes exstabant. Quarum numerus, ex illo tempore, ad circiter quartam partem imminutus est.&lt;ref name=&quot;Entwicklung&quot;&gt;''Entwicklung der Verwaltungsgliederung des Freistaates Sachsen'' (Theodisce). Ab Officio Statistico Regionalis Liberae Civitatis Saxoniae, die 4 Ianuarii 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Index sequens omnes sedes Saxoniae politice sui iuris sub nominibus officialibus recenset. Ad latus nominis Latini cuiusque sedis apparet etiam nomen officiale [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] atque [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabicum]] atque, si quod exstat, nomen in aliis linguis regionalibus. Si sedes est [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta (Theodisce ''Große Kreisstadt''), aut simpliciter urbs, id quoque indicatur; non autem si sedes tantum commune est:

==== A ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Adorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adorf/Vogtl.'' seu ''Adorf/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Adorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aerimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Arzberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Arzberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alberti Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alnetulum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elterlein''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Alterle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alnetum (Saxonia)|Alnetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Elster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alta Dubrava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jecht 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohendubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wysoka Dubrawa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alta Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hochkirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bukecy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alta Villa (Saxonia)|Alta Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alticollum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hohnstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alticollum-Vallis Ernesti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenstein-Ernstthal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amnis Castorum et Villa Giselberti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amnis Clarus et Bernardi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lauter-Bernsbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amnis Veprium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Brambach''; [[Varisce]] ''Brambich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Annaberga-Buchholzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Annaberg-Buchholz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Mitweida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;IfSGuV 2008&quot;&gt;Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde (2008). ''Altmittweida (antiqua Miteweide)''. Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen [HOV]. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altmittweida'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiquus Mons (Saxonia)|Antiquus Mons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hrubý 2024&quot;&gt;Hrubý, P. (2014). Medieval Mining Centre of Buchberg in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands: Metal Production in the Kingdom of Bohemia (13th-14th Centuries) (Antiquus Mons - Altenberg). ''Praehistorica'' 31 (2).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Altenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apricirivus (Circulus terrae Misniensis)|Apricirivus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ebersbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apricirivus-Villa Geronis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;&gt;Moser, J. (1780). ''Corpus Iuris Evangelicorum Ecclesiastici: Complectens Statuta, Decreta et Ordinationes pro Rebus Ecclesiasticis''. Typis Christiani Friderici Schertzii.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersbach-Neugersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Habrachćicy-Nowe Jěžercy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Aberschbuch-Gierschdurf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arnoldi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;&gt;Schöttgen, C., &amp; Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter; et: Schöttgen, C., &amp; Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de provinciis Misnensibus et Saxonicis). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., &amp; Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Diplomatarium Misnico-Voigtlandicum). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., &amp; Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de Lusatia Superiore). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Arnsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Warnoćicy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auerbachium (Montes Metalliferi)|Auerbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auerbachium Vogtlandiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1730&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Auerbach/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Auerbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Augustoburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Augustusburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== B ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Belgora-Schildavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SS 2024&quot;&gt;Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2024). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Misnensis: De vectigalibus fluminis Albis inter Belgoram et Misnam anno 979 concesis''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Belgern-Schildau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belina (Saxonia)|Belina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Böhlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boernichenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehling 1902&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börnichen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Börnichen/Erzgebirge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boesenbrunnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehling 1902&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösenbrunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna (Saxonia)|Borna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf V 1865&quot;&gt;Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1865). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Haupttheil I, Band 5: Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Borno'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsdorfia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leibniz 2021&quot;&gt;Leibniz, G. W. (2021). ''Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe. Reihe I: Allgemeiner politischer und historischer Briefwechsel (Band 20: Juli 1701 – März 1702)''. Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Bibliothek Hannover.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boxberga (Saxonia)|Boxberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jecht 1920&quot;&gt;Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1920). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II, Band 1: Urkundenbuch der Stadt Görlitz und ihrer Klöster (1366)''. [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boxberg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hamor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brandisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehling 1902&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Brandis'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breitenbrunnum (Montes Metalliferi)|Breitenbrunnum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgebirge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Budissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bautzen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budyšin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burcardisdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehling 1902&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burkhardtsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burckavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehling 1902&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Porchow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Burke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgstadtium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AML 1724&quot;&gt;Ab [[Alma Mater Lipsiensis|Alma Matre Lipsiensi]] (1724). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig: Register der Studiosi und akademischen Grade (Johannes Christopherus Schulze, Burgstadtium-Misnicus)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Burgstädt'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== C ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Calemberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tschackert 1889&quot;&gt;Tschackert, P. (Ed.) (1889). ''Briefwechsel des Antonius Corvinus''. Karl J. Trübner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Callenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Alnorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ellefeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Casa Vitrea (Saxonia)|Casa Vitrea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glashütte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cavertizia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posee 1882&quot;&gt;Posse, O. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1099)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Cavertitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cervicampus (Saxonia)|Cervicampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hirschfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cervipetra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hirschstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Chemnicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Chemnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenica'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Chiten]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kehr&quot;&gt;Kehr, P. (1899). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Merseburg: I. Theil (962–1357)''. Halae: Otto Hendel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geithain''; colloquialiter ''Geidn''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chitań'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Civitas Bernardi in Proprio]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bernstadt auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Bernstadt a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bjenadźicy'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Clausenitia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse 1881&quot;&gt;Posse, O. (1881). ''Die Markgrafen von Meissen und das Haus Wettin: Im Zusammenhange mit der Geschichte des Reichs''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Claußnitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Colditia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Colditz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Corylivallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Haselbachtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cozwicia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posee 1882&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Coswig'' seu ''Coswig bei Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kosowiki'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Crema (Saxonia)|Crema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grimma''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grima'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Crimnicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;&gt;Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen (Band 1)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Crimmitschau'' seu ''Crimmitzschau'' seu ''Krimmitschau'' seu ''Krimmitzschau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Crinitzberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niels 1729&quot;&gt;Niels, L. (Ed.) (1729). ''Opera omnia: De Marchia et finitimis Saxoniae regionibus''. Francofurti &amp; Lipsiae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Crinitzberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Crostwicia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse 1883&quot;&gt;Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Crostwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrósćicy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Crottendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiessner 1937&quot;&gt;Wiessner, H. (1937). ''Das Bistum Naumburg: Die Diözese'' (Vol. 1). Berolini: Walter de Gruyter &amp; Co.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Crottendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cunionissilva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posee 1882&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cunewalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kumwałd''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Cunewaale'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Custodia Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Herrnhut''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ochranow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Harrnhutt'' seu ''Harrnutt'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== D ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Debelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Döbeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doblin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delicia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Delitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Delič'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Demicium-Thumicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1899&quot;&gt;Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1899). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band B-4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen (1381–1427)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Demitz-Thumitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zemicy-Tumicy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Denheritium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dennheritz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derium-Cyrenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1899&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Diera-Zehren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Desertum Elstri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse &amp; Ermisch 1882&quot;&gt;Posse, O., &amp; Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1234)'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elsterheide''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrowska Hola'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dippoldiswalda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kleppisius 1804&quot;&gt;Kleppisius, G. (1804). ''Epitaphium veneratae caniciei senioris Gregorii Kleppisii. En Neues allgemeines Intelligenzblatt für Literatur und Kunst''. Lipsiae: Johann Conrad Hinrichs.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dippoldiswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dipps'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doberschizium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doberschütz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dobrusium-Gussigium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1899&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Doberschau-Gaußig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dobruša-Huska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doma (Saxonia)|Doma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posern-Klett 1875&quot;&gt;Posern-Klett, K. F. von (Ed.) (1875). ''Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohma'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dommitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dommitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Domič'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doninburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Donin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drebachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Müller 1715&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drebach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dresda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drježdźany''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Draasn'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Duba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Düben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dubrava (Saxonia)|Dubrava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jecht 1896&quot;&gt;Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1896). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii Germaniae]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großdubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulka Dubrawa'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== E ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Eilenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eilenburg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jiłow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elsnigium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SS 1378&quot;&gt;Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1378). ''Ältere Urkunden: Landgrafen von Thüringen übereignen dem Kloster Buch das Dorf Elsnig (Elsnyg)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsnig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elstro]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&amp;cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&amp;lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elstra''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Episcopi Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bischofswerda'' seu ''Schiebock''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Biskopicy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Beschwere'' seu ''Schiebock'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eppendorfium Misnicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kiesling 1753&quot;&gt;Kiesling, J. R. (1753). ''Historia Concertationis Graecorum Latinorumque de Transsubstantiatione in Sacrae Eucharistiae Sacramento''. Ioannis Adami Bielckii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eppendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericeti Ava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Heidenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== F ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Falcostenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Falkenstein/Vogtl.'' seu ''Falkenstein/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Falkenstein''; [[Varisce]] ''Falkenstaa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flava (Saxonia)|Flava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse &amp; Ermisch 1882&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Flöha'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Francavallis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenthal''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Frankln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frankenberga (Saxonia)|Frankenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kiesling 1753&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenberg/Sa.'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frauenstenium (Saxonia)|Frauenstenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frauenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freiberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frohburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frohburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== G ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Gelenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gelenau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gelenau/Erzgebirge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerhardi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;&gt;Stenzel, G. A. H. (Ed.) (1854). ''Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' (Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae, Tomus XIV, Registrum Legniciense). Max &amp; Comp.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geringswalda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernhardi 1777&quot;&gt;Bernhardi, G. A. (1777). ''Beytrag zu einer Geschichte des Städtlein Geringswalda, und besonders des ehemals dabey gelegenen St. Marien-Klosters, Benedictiner-Ordens''. Johann Gottfried Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Geringswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dessch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geyera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;Müller, J. B. (1710). ''Geographia Universalis, ex recentissimis observationibus ad usum iuventutis historicae''. Typis Johannis Henrici Schmidii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geyer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glaucha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glauchau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłuchow''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Glauche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gluboczkia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Glaubitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Godavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Göda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hodźij'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorcha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jecht 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hórka'' seu ''Dołha Hórka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hurke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorisium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gohrisch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorlicium Germaniae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;UL 1684&quot;&gt;Universitas Lipsiensis (1684). ''Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXIV publicata''. Lipsiae: Grossium &amp; Gleditsch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Görlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zhorjelc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Gerlz'' seu ''Gerltz'' seu ''Gerltsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gornavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gornau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gornau/Erzgebirge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottleubia-Mons Gieshubelus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehling 1902&quot;&gt;Sehling, E. (1902). ''Die evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI. Jahrhunderts. Band I: Sachsen (De parochia et inspectione Gottleubiae)''. Lipsiae: O. R. Reisland.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Groditium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;UL 1684&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Gröditz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Groisca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Groitzsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== H ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Haganoa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großenhain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Hojn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartensteinium (Saxonia)|Hartensteinium]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.google.de/books/edition/Thesaurus_iuris_feudalis/iCpXAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=hartensteinium+saxoniae&amp;pg=RA2-PA898&amp;printsec=frontcover De nomine proprio Latino ''Hartensteinium'' (Theodisce ''Hartenstein'') vide ''Thesaurum iuris feudalis'', tom. I, Francofurti ad Moenum 1750, p. 898.]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hartenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartmanni Villa (apud Chemnicium)|Hartmanni Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch VI 1879&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartmanni Villa-Diviteava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartmanni Villa prope Montem Ecclesiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf bei Kirchberg'' seu ''Hartmannsdorf bei Saupersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heidenrici Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wutke XX 1900&quot;&gt;Wutke, K. (Ed.) (1900). ''Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae: Regesten zur schlesischen Geschichte'' (Vol. 20). E. Woulfarth's Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heidersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heini Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heinsdorfergrund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Henrici Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Suche Hendrichecy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hermanni Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hermsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Hermsdorf/Erzgebirge'' seu ''Hermsdorf bei Frauenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoyerswerda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;UL 1734&quot;&gt;Universitas Lipsiensis (1734). ''Solemnia Magistrorum Philosophiae et Artium: Ex recensione academiae''. Typis Langenhemiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hoyerswerda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wojerecy''; colloquialiter ''Hoywoj'' seu ''Hoywoy'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== I ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iabloncza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris I: Regesten der Urkunden Kaiser Karls IV. (1346–1378). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gablenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jabłońc'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ibenstoka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posee 1882&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Eibenstock'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Baltgeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SS 1296&quot;&gt;Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1296). ''Urkunden und Grenzabgrenzungen des Ritterguts Belgershain im Erbamt Grimma (Indago Baltgeri)''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belgershain'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iordanis Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch VI 1879&quot;&gt;Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1879). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 6. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gornsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== J ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Jahnsdorf/Erzgeb.]]
* [[Jesewitz]]
* [[Johanngeorgenstadt]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Jöhstadt]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Jonsdorf]]
{{div col end}}

==== K ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Käbschütztal]]
* [[Kamenz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ketzerbachtal]]
* [[Kirnitzschtal]]
* [[Kitzen]]
* [[Kitzscher]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Klingenberg]]
* [[Klingenthal]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Klipphausen]]
* [[Kodersdorf]]
* [[Kohren-Sahlis]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Königsbrück]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Königsfeld (Saxe)|Königsfeld]]
* [[Königshain (Görlitz)|Königshain]] (Görlitz)
* [[Königshain-Wiederau]]
* [[Königstein (Sächsische Schweiz)]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Königswalde]]
* [[Königswartha]]
* [[Kottmar (Gemeinde)|Kottmar]]
* [[Krauschwitz (Saxe)|Krauschwitz]]
* [[Kreba-Neudorf]]
* [[Kreischa]]
* [[Kriebstein]]
* [[Krostitz]]
* [[Kubschütz]]
{{div col end}}

==== L ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Lampertswalde]]
* [[Langenbernsdorf]]
* [[Langenweißbach]]
* [[Laußig]]
* [[Laußnitz]]
* [[Lauta]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lawalde]]
* [[Leisnig]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengefeld]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengenfeld (Saxe)|Lengenfeld]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leuben-Schleinitz]]
* [[Leubnitz]]
* [[Leubsdorf (Saxe)|Leubsdorf]]
* [[Leutersdorf (Saxe)|Leutersdorf]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Leckerschdurf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lichtenau (Saxe)|Lichtenau]]
* [[Lichtenberg (Bautzen)|Lichtenberg]] (Bautzen)
* [[Lichtenberg/Erzgeb.]]
* [[Lichtenstein/Sa.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lichtentanne]]
* [[Liebschützberg]]
* [[Liebstadt]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Limbach (Vogtland)|Limbach]] (Vogtland)
* [[Limbach-Oberfrohna]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lipsia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Leipzig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lipsk''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Leibzsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löbau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Liebe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löbnitz (Saxe)|Löbnitz]]
* [[Lohmen (Saxe)|Lohmen]]
* [[Lohsa]]
* [[Lommatzsch]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lossatal]]
* [[Lößnitz (Saxe)|Lößnitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lugau/Erzgeb.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunzenau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== M ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Machern]]
* [[Magna Alberti Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großolbersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Dubena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Düben''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dźěwin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Harthavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;&gt;Carpzov, B. (1657). ''Decisiones Illustres Saxonicae: In quibus arduae et graves quaestiones in foro Saxonico'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Haeredum Schurerianorum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großharthau''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hoarde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Hartmanni Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großhartmannsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Nova Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großnaundorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Postvicia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großpostwitz'' seu ''Großpostwitz/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budestecy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Pulchra Prata]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großschönau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Šunow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Grußschiene'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Ruedigersdorfia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großröhrsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulke Rědorjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Rihrschdurf'' seu ''Gaage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Schirma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großschirma'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Swidnica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großschweidnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swóńca'' seu ''Swidnica'' seu ''Swódnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schweenz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Wizschena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großweitzschen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Malschwitz]]
* [[Marienberg (Saxe)|Marienberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Markersdorf (Saxe)|Markersdorf]]
* [[Markkleeberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Markneukirchen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Markranstädt]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meerane]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mehltheuer]]
* [[Meißen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mildenau]]
* [[Mittelherwigsdorf]]
* [[Mittweida]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mochau]]
* [[Mockrehna]]
* [[Molendinorum Vallis (Saxonia)|Molendinorum Vallis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Ecclesiae (Saxonia)|Mons Ecclesiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Picae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsterberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Praetorianus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;&gt;Mencken, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. [[Lipsia]]e: E. Martini; et: Mencken, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Tomus I). Lipsiae: Ioannes Christianus Martinus.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amtsberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Montes (Saxonia)|Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moritzburg (Saxe)|Moritzburg]]
* [[Mücka]]
* [[Mügeln]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Müglitztal]]
* [[Mühlau (Saxe)|Mühlau]]
* [[Mühltroff]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mulda/Sa.]]
* [[Muldenhammer]]
* [[Mülsen]]
* [[Muscavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;UW 1685&quot;&gt;Universität Wittenberg (1685). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Tituli, inscriptiones et matriculae studiosorum (Johannes Henricus Cuntze, Muscavia-Lusatus)''. Ex officina typographica.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Muskau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mužakow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mutzschen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mylau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== N ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Narsdorf]]
* [[Naundorf (Saxe)|Naundorf]]
* [[Naunhof]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nauwalde]]
* [[Nebelschütz]]
* [[Neißeaue]]
* [[Neovilla Germanica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Müller 1715&quot;&gt;Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deutschneudorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nerchau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neschwitz]]
* [[Netzschkau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuensalz]]
* [[Neuhausen/Erzgeb.]]
* [[Neukieritzsch]]
* [[Neukirch (bei Königsbrück)|Neukirch]] (bei Königsbrück)
* [[Neukirch (Lusace)|Neukirch]] (Lusace) &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neungirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neukirchen/Erzgeb.]]
* [[Neukirchen/Pleiße]]
* [[Neukyhna]]
* [[Neumark (Saxe)|Neumark]]
* [[Neusalza-Spremberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neustadt in Sachsen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neustadt/Vogtl.]]
* [[Niederau]]
* [[Niederdorf (Saxe)|Niederdorf]]
* [[Niederfrohna]]
* [[Niederstriegis]]
* [[Niederwiesa]]
* [[Niederwürschnitz]]
* [[Niesky]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nossen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Dominae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Fraureuth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nünchritz]]
{{div col end}}

==== O ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Obergurig]]
* [[Oberlungwitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oberschöna]]
* [[Oberwiera]]
* [[Oberwiesenthal]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oderwitz]]
* [[Oederan]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oelsnitz/Erzgeb.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oelsnitz/Vogtl.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ohorn]]
* [[Olbernhau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oppach]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] '''' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Uppch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oschatz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oßling]]
* [[Ostrau (Saxe)|Ostrau]]
* [[Ostritz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottendorf-Okrilla]]
* [[Otterwisch]]
* [[Owa-Palus Slemensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg (1999). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Naumburgensis (1207-1304)''. (Ed. ab H. J. Kirsch). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1730&quot;&gt;Mencken, J. B. (1730). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. Lipsiae: E. Martini.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Aue-Bad Schlema'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oybin]]
{{div col end}}

==== P ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Palus Regia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Lausick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Panschwitz-Kuckau]]
* [[Parthenstein]]
* [[Parvum Nemus Lusaticum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jecht 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hähnichen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wosečk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hahnchn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parvum Nemus Misnicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parvum Nemus Silvae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainewalde''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Heenewaale'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Passini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großpösna'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pausa (Saxe)|Pausa]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pegau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Penig]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Petra Ursi (Saxonia)|Petra Ursi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bärenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pfaffroda]]
* [[Pirna (urbs)|Pirna]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Plauen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pobershau]]
* [[Pockau]]
* [[Pöhl]]
* [[Pons Regularis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Halsbrücke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Porschdorf]]
* [[Pratum Alnorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Erlau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Capreoli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockau''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Bucke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Priestewitz]]
* [[Pulsnitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Bolzns'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Puschwitz]]
{{div col end}}

==== Q ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quercetum (Saxonia)|Quercetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior, ab Ortum Rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum Tempora''. Impensis Ioannis Friderici Gleditschii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eichigt''; [[Varisce]] ''Maechlicht'' seu ''Machlich)'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quitzdorf am See]]
{{div col end}}

==== R ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Rabenau (Saxe)|Rabenau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Räckelwitz]]
* [[Rackwitz]]
* [[Radeberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Radebeul]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Radeburg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Radibor]]
* [[Ralbitz-Rosenthal]]
* [[Rammenau]]
* [[Raschau-Markersbach]]
* [[Rathen]]
* [[Rathmannsdorf]]
* [[Rechenberg-Bienenmühle]]
* [[Regis-Breitingen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reichenbach im Vogtland]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reichenbach (Haute-Lusace)|Reichenbach]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; (Haute-Lusace)
* [[Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna]]
* [[Reinsberg (Saxe)|Reinsberg]]
* [[Reinsdorf (Saxe)|Reinsdorf]]
* [[Remse]]
* [[Reuth (Saxe)|Reuth]]
* [[Riesa]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rietschen]]
* [[Rochlitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Röderaue]]
* [[Rodewisch]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosenbach]]
* [[Rosenthal-Bielatal]]
* [[Rossau (Saxe)|Rossau]]
* [[Roßwein]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötha]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rothenburg (Haute-Lusace)|Rothenburg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rudigerivilla Arida-Theodericibachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posee 1882&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rueckerswalda Magna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großrückerswalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== S ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sayda]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scheibenberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schirgiswalde-Kirschau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schirgswaale-Kirsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schkeuditz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schleife (Saxe)|Schleife]]
* [[Schlettau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schmiedeberg (Saxe)|Schmiedeberg]]
* [[Schmölln-Putzkau]]
* [[Schneeberg (Saxe)|Schneeberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schönau-Berzdorf]]
* [[Schönbach (Saxe)|Schönbach]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schimmch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schönberg (Saxe)|Schönberg]]
* [[Schöneck/Vogtl.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schönfeld (Saxe)|Schönfeld]]
* [[Schönheide]]
* [[Schönteichen]]
* [[Schönwölkau]]
* [[Schöpstal]]
* [[Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwepnitz]]
* [[Sebnitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Securiferi Roturatio]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Beilrode'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seelitz]]
* [[Sehmatal]]
* [[Seiffen/Erzgeb.]]
* [[Seifhennersdorf]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hennerschdurf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Hartha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hartha'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sitavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Zittau'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žitawa''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Sitte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sohland an der Spree]]
* [[Sohland am Rotstein]]
* [[Sornzig-Ablaß]]
* [[Sosa (Saxe)|Sosa]]
* [[Spreetal]]
* [[Stadt Wehlen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stauchitz]]
* [[St. Egidien]]
* [[Steina]]
* [[Steinberg (Saxe)|Steinberg]]
* [[Steinigtwolmsdorf]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] '''' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Wunnsdurf'' seu ''Wumpe'' seu ''Steenigwupte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stollberg/Erzgeb.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stolpen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Strahwalde]]
* [[Strehla]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Striegistal]]
* [[Struppen]]
* [[Stützengrün]]
* [[Syrau]]
{{div col end}}

==== T ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tannenberg (Sachsen)|Tannenberg]]
* [[Taucha]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Taura]]
* [[Tauscha]]
* [[Thalheim/Erzgeb.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thallwitz]]
* [[Tharandt]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thermalbad Wiesenbad]]
* [[Theuma]]
* [[Thiendorf]]
* [[Thum]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thümmlitzwalde]]
* [[Tirpersdorf]]
* [[Tollanum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dolan'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Torgau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Trebendorf]]
* [[Trebnicia Elstri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedrich 1904&quot;&gt;Friedrich, G. (Ed.) (1904). ''Codex Diplomaticus et Epistolaris Regni Bohemiae'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Comitiorum Regni Bohemiae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elstertrebnitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Trebsen/Mulde]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Treuen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Triebel/Vogtl.]]
* [[Triebischtal]]
* [[Trimurica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse 1883&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hanspach 2014&quot;&gt;Hanspach, D. (2024). ''Silva, nemus, merica, forestum: Die ältesten schriftlichen Wald- und Heidebelege im Lehnbuch Friedrich des Strengen''. In ''Arbeits- und Forschungsberichte zur sächsischen Bodendenkmalpflege'' (Band 32). Dresdae: Landesamt für Archäologie Sachsen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dreiheide'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Trossin]]
{{div col end}}

==== V ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vallis Ignominiosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Schandau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žandow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Libera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freital'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Lutosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahretal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Bavari]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beiersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bejerecy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Bernardi (Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis)|Villa Bernardi]] &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CTZ&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Zwickau'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cygnea]]m&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Zviccaviensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}. Quo de gentilicio, confer &quot;[[Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium|Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium]]&quot;, anno [[1348]] scriptum.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Bernardi (Lusatia Superior)|Villa Bernardi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; (in [[Lusatia superior|Lusatia Superior]]e) &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njedźichow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Bertholdi Montana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Prochno 1939&quot;&gt;Prochno, J. (1939). ''Zittauer Urkundenbuch, Band 1: Regesten zur Geschichte der Stadt und des Landes Zittau 1234–1437''. [[Sitavia]]e: Mitteilungen del Zittauer Geschichts- und Museumsvereins.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bertsdorf-Hörnitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Boni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bennewitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Chemnitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buddeus 1704&quot;&gt;Buddeus, J. F. (1704). ''Historia iuris naturalis, seculi iussu et auctoritate potissimum Samuelis Pufendorfii restituti''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Typis et impensis Ioannis Friderici Zeitleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfchemnitz'' seu ''Dorfchemnitz bei Sayda'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Ernfridi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SS 1490&quot;&gt;Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1490). ''Ältere Urkunden: Andreas Trapp, Verweser des Altars Johannes’ des Täufers in der Pfarrkirche Ehrenfriedersdorf (Ernfridißdorff)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenfriedersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Indaginis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse 1881&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfhain'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Panis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1730&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bannewitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Viridifluxus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Grieboch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Viridis Lucus-Bavaricum Feldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;&gt;Ermisch, H. (Ed.). (1864). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünhain-Beierfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Viridulum Nemus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grünhainichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== W ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Wachau (Saxe)|Wachau]]
* [[Waldenbourg (Saxe)|Waldenbourg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Waldheim]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Waldhufen-Vierkirchen]]
* [[Wechselburg]]
* [[Weinböhla]]
* [[Weischlitz]]
* [[Weißenberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weißenborn/Erzgeb.]]
* [[Weißig am Raschütz]]
* [[Weißkeißel]]
* [[Weißwasser]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werda]]
* [[Werdau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wermsdorf]]
* [[Wiedemar]]
* [[Wiednitz]]
* [[Wildenfels]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wildenhain]]
* [[Wilkau-Haßlau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilsdruff]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilthen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittichenau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wolkenstein (Saxe)|Wolkenstein]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wülknitz]]
* [[Wurzen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== Z ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zabeltitz]]
* [[Zeithain]]
* [[Zettlitz]]
* [[Ziegra-Knobelsdorf]]
* [[Zinna]]
* [[Zöblitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zschadraß]]
* [[Zschaitz-Ottewig]]
* [[Zschepplin]]
* [[Zschopau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zschorlau]]
* [[Zwenkau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zwickau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zwochau]]
* [[Zwönitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zwota]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Urbes Saxoniae]]</text>
      <sha1>gcfz0u6uos3s7douipjw7urg2glb90n</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965373</id>
      <parentid>3965369</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T22:38:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Cyprianus Marcus</username>
        <id>66550</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3965373</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50208" sha1="9j6fo8scf0jb3gtom1jsxpt6opkl485" xml:space="preserve">[[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Saxony.svg|thumb|550px|Urbes et communia [[Saxonia]]e (Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2023).]]
'''Index [[urbs|urbium]] et [[commune|communium]] in [[Saxonia]]''' omnes sedes in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitate Foederata Libera]] Saxoniae recenset. [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitas Foederata Libera]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia]], e [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[2023]], ex universis 418 sedibus politice sui iuris constat.

Quae ita distribuuntur:

* 169 urbes ([[Theodisce]] ''Städte''), quarum:
** tres [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), inter quas [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] [[Dresda]] est;
** 166 urbes magnae [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte'');
* 249 communium circulo subiecta.

158 sedes, quarum 48 urbes, ad negotia administrationis suae gerenda in 64 consociationes administrativas (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaften'') et 21 communia in sex foedera administrativa (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsverbände'') coierunt.

Die [[3 Octobris]] anni [[1990]] adhuc 1626 sedes exstabant. Quarum numerus, ex illo tempore, ad circiter quartam partem imminutus est.&lt;ref name=&quot;Entwicklung&quot;&gt;''Entwicklung der Verwaltungsgliederung des Freistaates Sachsen'' (Theodisce). Ab Officio Statistico Regionalis Liberae Civitatis Saxoniae, die 4 Ianuarii 2021.&lt;/ref&gt;

Index sequens omnes sedes Saxoniae politice sui iuris sub nominibus officialibus recenset. Ad latus nominis Latini cuiusque sedis apparet etiam nomen officiale [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] atque [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabicum]] atque, si quod exstat, nomen in aliis linguis regionalibus. Si sedes est [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta (Theodisce ''Große Kreisstadt''), aut simpliciter urbs, id quoque indicatur; non autem si sedes tantum commune est:

==== A ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Adorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&amp;cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Adorf/Vogtl.'' seu ''Adorf/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Adorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Aerimontium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Arzberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Arzberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alberti Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alnetulum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elterlein''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Alterle'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alnetum (Saxonia)|Alnetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Elster'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alta Dubrava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jecht 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohendubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wysoka Dubrawa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alta Ecclesia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hochkirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bukecy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alta Villa (Saxonia)|Alta Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohndorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alticollum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hohnstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Alticollum-Vallis Ernesti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenstein-Ernstthal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amnis Castorum et Villa Giselberti]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amnis Clarus et Bernardi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Lauter-Bernsbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Amnis Veprium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Brambach''; [[Varisce]] ''Brambich'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Annaberga-Buchholzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Egli 1893&quot;&gt;Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Annaberg-Buchholz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiqua Mitweida]]&lt;ref name=&quot;IfSGuV 2008&quot;&gt;Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde (2008). ''Altmittweida (antiqua Miteweide)''. Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen [HOV]. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Altmittweida'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Antiquus Mons (Saxonia)|Antiquus Mons]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hrubý 2024&quot;&gt;Hrubý, P. (2014). Medieval Mining Centre of Buchberg in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands: Metal Production in the Kingdom of Bohemia (13th-14th Centuries) (Antiquus Mons - Altenberg). ''Praehistorica'' 31 (2).&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Altenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apricirivus (Circulus terrae Misniensis)|Apricirivus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ebersbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Apricirivus-Villa Geronis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;&gt;Moser, J. (1780). ''Corpus Iuris Evangelicorum Ecclesiastici: Complectens Statuta, Decreta et Ordinationes pro Rebus Ecclesiasticis''. Typis Christiani Friderici Schertzii.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersbach-Neugersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Habrachćicy-Nowe Jěžercy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Aberschbuch-Gierschdurf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Arnoldi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;&gt;Schöttgen, C., &amp; Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter; et: Schöttgen, C., &amp; Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de provinciis Misnensibus et Saxonicis). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., &amp; Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Diplomatarium Misnico-Voigtlandicum). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., &amp; Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de Lusatia Superiore). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Arnsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Warnoćicy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auerbachium (Montes Metalliferi)|Auerbachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Auerbachium Vogtlandiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1730&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Auerbach/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Auerbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Augustoburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;&gt;{{Graesse}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Augustusburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== B ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Belgora-Schildavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SS 2024&quot;&gt;Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2024). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Misnensis: De vectigalibus fluminis Albis inter Belgoram et Misnam anno 979 concesis''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Belgern-Schildau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Belina (Saxonia)|Belina]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Böhlen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boernichenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehling 1902&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Börnichen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Börnichen/Erzgebirge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boesenbrunnum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehling 1902&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bösenbrunn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borna (Saxonia)|Borna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf V 1865&quot;&gt;Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1865). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Haupttheil I, Band 5: Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Borno'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Borsdorfia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Leibniz 2021&quot;&gt;Leibniz, G. W. (2021). ''Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe. Reihe I: Allgemeiner politischer und historischer Briefwechsel (Band 20: Juli 1701 – März 1702)''. Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Bibliothek Hannover.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Borsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Boxberga (Saxonia)|Boxberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jecht 1920&quot;&gt;Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1920). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II, Band 1: Urkundenbuch der Stadt Görlitz und ihrer Klöster (1366)''. [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Boxberg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hamor'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Brandisa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehling 1902&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Brandis'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Breitenbrunnum (Montes Metalliferi)|Breitenbrunnum]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgebirge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Budissa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bautzen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budyšin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burcardisdorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehling 1902&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burkhardtsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burckavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehling 1902&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Burkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Porchow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Burke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Burgstadtium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AML 1724&quot;&gt;Ab [[Alma Mater Lipsiensis|Alma Matre Lipsiensi]] (1724). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig: Register der Studiosi und akademischen Grade (Johannes Christopherus Schulze, Burgstadtium-Misnicus)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Burgstädt'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== C ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Calemberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Tschackert 1889&quot;&gt;Tschackert, P. (Ed.) (1889). ''Briefwechsel des Antonius Corvinus''. Karl J. Trübner.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Callenberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Camentia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kamenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenc'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Campus Alnorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ellefeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Casa Vitrea (Saxonia)|Casa Vitrea]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glashütte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cavertizia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posee 1882&quot;&gt;Posse, O. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1099)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Cavertitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cervicampus (Saxonia)|Cervicampus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hirschfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cervipetra]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hirschstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Chemnicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Chemnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenica'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Chiten]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kehr&quot;&gt;Kehr, P. (1899). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Merseburg: I. Theil (962–1357)''. Halae: Otto Hendel.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geithain''; colloquialiter ''Geidn''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chitań'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Civitas Bernardi in Proprio]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bernstadt auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Bernstadt a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bjenadźicy'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Clausenitia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse 1881&quot;&gt;Posse, O. (1881). ''Die Markgrafen von Meissen und das Haus Wettin: Im Zusammenhange mit der Geschichte des Reichs''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Claußnitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Colditia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus A-D&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Colditz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Corylivallium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Haselbachtal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cozwicia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posee 1882&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Coswig'' seu ''Coswig bei Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kosowiki'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Crema (Saxonia)|Crema]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grimma''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grima'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Crimnicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;&gt;Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen (Band 1)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Crimmitschau'' seu ''Crimmitzschau'' seu ''Krimmitschau'' seu ''Krimmitzschau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Crinitzberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Niels 1729&quot;&gt;Niels, L. (Ed.) (1729). ''Opera omnia: De Marchia et finitimis Saxoniae regionibus''. Francofurti &amp; Lipsiae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Crinitzberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Crostwicia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse 1883&quot;&gt;Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Crostwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrósćicy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Crottendorfium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wiessner 1937&quot;&gt;Wiessner, H. (1937). ''Das Bistum Naumburg: Die Diözese'' (Vol. 1). Berolini: Walter de Gruyter &amp; Co.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Crottendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Cunionissilva]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posee 1882&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Cunewalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kumwałd''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Cunewaale'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Custodia Dei]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Herrnhut''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ochranow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Harrnhutt'' seu ''Harrnutt'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== D ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Debelum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Döbeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doblin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Delicia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Delitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Delič'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Demicium-Thumicium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1899&quot;&gt;Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1899). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band B-4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen (1381–1427)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Demitz-Thumitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zemicy-Tumicy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Denheritium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dennheritz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Derium-Cyrenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1899&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Diera-Zehren'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Desertum Elstri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse &amp; Ermisch 1882&quot;&gt;Posse, O., &amp; Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1234)'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elsterheide''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrowska Hola'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dippoldiswalda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kleppisius 1804&quot;&gt;Kleppisius, G. (1804). ''Epitaphium veneratae caniciei senioris Gregorii Kleppisii. En Neues allgemeines Intelligenzblatt für Literatur und Kunst''. Lipsiae: Johann Conrad Hinrichs.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dippoldiswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dipps'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doberschizium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doberschütz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dobrusium-Gussigium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1899&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Doberschau-Gaußig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dobruša-Huska'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doma (Saxonia)|Doma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posern-Klett 1875&quot;&gt;Posern-Klett, K. F. von (Ed.) (1875). ''Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohma'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dommitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dommitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Domič'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Doninburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dohna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Donin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Drebachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Müller 1715&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drebach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dresda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drježdźany''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Draasn'')&lt;/small&gt; 
* [[Duba]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Düben'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Dubrava (Saxonia)|Dubrava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jecht 1896&quot;&gt;Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1896). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii Germaniae]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großdubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulka Dubrawa'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== E ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Eilenburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eilenburg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jiłow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elsnigium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SS 1378&quot;&gt;Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1378). ''Ältere Urkunden: Landgrafen von Thüringen übereignen dem Kloster Buch das Dorf Elsnig (Elsnyg)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsnig'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Elstro]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus E-M&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&amp;cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&amp;lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elstra''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Episcopi Insula]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bischofswerda'' seu ''Schiebock''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Biskopicy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Beschwere'' seu ''Schiebock'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Eppendorfium Misnicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kiesling 1753&quot;&gt;Kiesling, J. R. (1753). ''Historia Concertationis Graecorum Latinorumque de Transsubstantiatione in Sacrae Eucharistiae Sacramento''. Ioannis Adami Bielckii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eppendorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ericeti Ava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Heidenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== F ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Falcostenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Falkenstein/Vogtl.'' seu ''Falkenstein/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Falkenstein''; [[Varisce]] ''Falkenstaa'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Flava (Saxonia)|Flava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse &amp; Ermisch 1882&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Flöha'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Francavallis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenthal''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Frankln'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frankenberga (Saxonia)|Frankenberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kiesling 1753&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenberg/Sa.'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frauenstenium (Saxonia)|Frauenstenium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frauenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Fraxinetum (Saxonia)|Fraxinetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jesewitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Friberga]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freiberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Frohburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frohburg'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== G ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Gelenavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gelenau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gelenau/Erzgebirge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gerhardi Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;&gt;Stenzel, G. A. H. (Ed.) (1854). ''Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' (Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae, Tomus XIV, Registrum Legniciense). Max &amp; Comp.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geringswalda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernhardi 1777&quot;&gt;Bernhardi, G. A. (1777). ''Beytrag zu einer Geschichte des Städtlein Geringswalda, und besonders des ehemals dabey gelegenen St. Marien-Klosters, Benedictiner-Ordens''. Johann Gottfried Müller.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Geringswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dessch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Geyera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;Müller, J. B. (1710). ''Geographia Universalis, ex recentissimis observationibus ad usum iuventutis historicae''. Typis Johannis Henrici Schmidii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Geyer'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Glaucha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Glauchau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłuchow''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Glauche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gluboczkia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Glaubitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Godavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Göda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hodźij'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorcha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jecht 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Horka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hórka'' seu ''Dołha Hórka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hurke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorisium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gohrisch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gorlicium Germaniae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;UL 1684&quot;&gt;Universitas Lipsiensis (1684). ''Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXIV publicata''. Lipsiae: Grossium &amp; Gleditsch.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Görlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zhorjelc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Gerlz'' seu ''Gerltz'' seu ''Gerltsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gornavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gornau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gornau/Erzgebirge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Gottleubia-Mons Gieshubelus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sehling 1902&quot;&gt;Sehling, E. (1902). ''Die evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI. Jahrhunderts. Band I: Sachsen (De parochia et inspectione Gottleubiae)''. Lipsiae: O. R. Reisland.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Groditium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;UL 1684&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Gröditz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Groisca]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Groitzsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== H ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Haganoa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großenhain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Hojn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartensteinium (Saxonia)|Hartensteinium]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.google.de/books/edition/Thesaurus_iuris_feudalis/iCpXAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=hartensteinium+saxoniae&amp;pg=RA2-PA898&amp;printsec=frontcover De nomine proprio Latino ''Hartensteinium'' (Theodisce ''Hartenstein'') vide ''Thesaurum iuris feudalis'', tom. I, Francofurti ad Moenum 1750, p. 898.]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hartenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartmanni Villa (apud Chemnicium)|Hartmanni Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch VI 1879&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartmanni Villa-Diviteava]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hartmanni Villa prope Montem Ecclesiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf bei Kirchberg'' seu ''Hartmannsdorf bei Saupersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heidenrici Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Wutke XX 1900&quot;&gt;Wutke, K. (Ed.) (1900). ''Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae: Regesten zur schlesischen Geschichte'' (Vol. 20). E. Woulfarth's Buchhandlung.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heidersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Heini Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Heinsdorfergrund'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Henrici Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Suche Hendrichecy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hermanni Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hermsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Hermsdorf/Erzgebirge'' seu ''Hermsdorf bei Frauenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Hoyerswerda]]&lt;ref name=&quot;UL 1734&quot;&gt;Universitas Lipsiensis (1734). ''Solemnia Magistrorum Philosophiae et Artium: Ex recensione academiae''. Typis Langenhemiis.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hoyerswerda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wojerecy''; colloquialiter ''Hoywoj'' seu ''Hoywoy'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== I ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Iabloncza]]&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris I: Regesten der Urkunden Kaiser Karls IV. (1346–1378). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gablenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jabłońc'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ibenstoka]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posee 1882&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Eibenstock'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Indago Baltgeri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SS 1296&quot;&gt;Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1296). ''Urkunden und Grenzabgrenzungen des Ritterguts Belgershain im Erbamt Grimma (Indago Baltgeri)''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Belgershain'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ioannis Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgebirge'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ioanno-Georgiopolis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;UL 1684&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Johanngeorgenstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ionis Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jecht 1915&quot;&gt;Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1915). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris IV: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Band 4, Regesten der Dörfer unter dem Oybin). Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jonsdorf'' seu ''Kurort Jonsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iordanis Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch VI 1879&quot;&gt;Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1879). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 6. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Gornsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Iustusburgum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jöhstadt'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== K ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Käbschütztal]]
* [[Ketzerbachtal]]
* [[Kirnitzschtal]]
* [[Kitzen]]
* [[Kitzscher]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Klingenberg]]
* [[Klingenthal]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Klipphausen]]
* [[Kodersdorf]]
* [[Kohren-Sahlis]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Königsbrück]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Königsfeld (Saxe)|Königsfeld]]
* [[Königshain (Görlitz)|Königshain]] (Görlitz)
* [[Königshain-Wiederau]]
* [[Königstein (Sächsische Schweiz)]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Königswalde]]
* [[Königswartha]]
* [[Kottmar (Gemeinde)|Kottmar]]
* [[Krauschwitz (Saxe)|Krauschwitz]]
* [[Kreba-Neudorf]]
* [[Kreischa]]
* [[Kriebstein]]
* [[Krostitz]]
* [[Kubschütz]]
{{div col end}}

==== L ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Lampertswalde]]
* [[Langenbernsdorf]]
* [[Langenweißbach]]
* [[Laußig]]
* [[Laußnitz]]
* [[Lauta]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lawalde]]
* [[Leisnig]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengefeld]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lengenfeld (Saxe)|Lengenfeld]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Leuben-Schleinitz]]
* [[Leubnitz]]
* [[Leubsdorf (Saxe)|Leubsdorf]]
* [[Leutersdorf (Saxe)|Leutersdorf]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Leckerschdurf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lichtenau (Saxe)|Lichtenau]]
* [[Lichtenberg (Bautzen)|Lichtenberg]] (Bautzen)
* [[Lichtenberg/Erzgeb.]]
* [[Lichtenstein/Sa.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lichtentanne]]
* [[Liebschützberg]]
* [[Liebstadt]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Limbach (Vogtland)|Limbach]] (Vogtland)
* [[Limbach-Oberfrohna]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lipsia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Leipzig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lipsk''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Leibzsch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löbau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Liebe'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Löbnitz (Saxe)|Löbnitz]]
* [[Lohmen (Saxe)|Lohmen]]
* [[Lohsa]]
* [[Lommatzsch]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lossatal]]
* [[Lößnitz (Saxe)|Lößnitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lugau/Erzgeb.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Lunzenau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== M ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Machern]]
* [[Magna Alberti Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großolbersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Dubena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Düben''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dźěwin'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Harthavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;&gt;Carpzov, B. (1657). ''Decisiones Illustres Saxonicae: In quibus arduae et graves quaestiones in foro Saxonico'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Haeredum Schurerianorum.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großharthau''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hoarde'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Hartmanni Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großhartmannsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Nova Villa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großnaundorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Postvicia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großpostwitz'' seu ''Großpostwitz/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budestecy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Pulchra Prata]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großschönau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Šunow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Grußschiene'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Ruedigersdorfia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großröhrsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulke Rědorjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Rihrschdurf'' seu ''Gaage'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Schirma]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großschirma'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Swidnica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großschweidnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swóńca'' seu ''Swidnica'' seu ''Swódnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schweenz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Magna Wizschena]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großweitzschen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Malschwitz]]
* [[Marienberg (Saxe)|Marienberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Markersdorf (Saxe)|Markersdorf]]
* [[Markkleeberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Markneukirchen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Markranstädt]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Meerane]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mehltheuer]]
* [[Meißen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mildenau]]
* [[Mittelherwigsdorf]]
* [[Mittweida]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mochau]]
* [[Mockrehna]]
* [[Molendinorum Vallis (Saxonia)|Molendinorum Vallis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlental'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Ecclesiae (Saxonia)|Mons Ecclesiae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Stenzel XIV 1854&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Picae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsterberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mons Praetorianus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;&gt;Mencken, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. [[Lipsia]]e: E. Martini; et: Mencken, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Tomus I). Lipsiae: Ioannes Christianus Martinus.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Amtsberg'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Montes (Saxonia)|Montes]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bergen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Moritzburg (Saxe)|Moritzburg]]
* [[Mücka]]
* [[Mügeln]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Müglitztal]]
* [[Mühlau (Saxe)|Mühlau]]
* [[Mühltroff]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mulda/Sa.]]
* [[Muldenhammer]]
* [[Mülsen]]
* [[Muscavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;UW 1685&quot;&gt;Universität Wittenberg (1685). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Tituli, inscriptiones et matriculae studiosorum (Johannes Henricus Cuntze, Muscavia-Lusatus)''. Ex officina typographica.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Muskau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mužakow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mutzschen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Mylau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== N ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Narsdorf]]
* [[Naundorf (Saxe)|Naundorf]]
* [[Naunhof]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nauwalde]]
* [[Nebelschütz]]
* [[Neißeaue]]
* [[Neovilla Germanica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Müller 1715&quot;&gt;Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Deutschneudorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nerchau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neschwitz]]
* [[Netzschkau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neuensalz]]
* [[Neuhausen/Erzgeb.]]
* [[Neukieritzsch]]
* [[Neukirch (bei Königsbrück)|Neukirch]] (bei Königsbrück)
* [[Neukirch (Lusace)|Neukirch]] (Lusace) &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neungirch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neukirchen/Erzgeb.]]
* [[Neukirchen/Pleiße]]
* [[Neukyhna]]
* [[Neumark (Saxe)|Neumark]]
* [[Neusalza-Spremberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neustadt in Sachsen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Neustadt/Vogtl.]]
* [[Niederau]]
* [[Niederdorf (Saxe)|Niederdorf]]
* [[Niederfrohna]]
* [[Niederstriegis]]
* [[Niederwiesa]]
* [[Niederwürschnitz]]
* [[Niesky]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nossen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Novale Dominae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Fraureuth'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Nünchritz]]
{{div col end}}

==== O ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Obergurig]]
* [[Oberlungwitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oberschöna]]
* [[Oberwiera]]
* [[Oberwiesenthal]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oderwitz]]
* [[Oederan]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oelsnitz/Erzgeb.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oelsnitz/Vogtl.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ohorn]]
* [[Olbernhau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oppach]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] '''' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Uppch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oschatz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oßling]]
* [[Ostrau (Saxe)|Ostrau]]
* [[Ostritz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Ottendorf-Okrilla]]
* [[Otterwisch]]
* [[Owa-Palus Slemensis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;&quot;&gt;Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg (1999). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Naumburgensis (1207-1304)''. (Ed. ab H. J. Kirsch). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Böhlau Verlag.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1730&quot;&gt;Mencken, J. B. (1730). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. Lipsiae: E. Martini.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Aue-Bad Schlema'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Oybin]]
{{div col end}}

==== P ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Palus Regia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Lausick'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Panschwitz-Kuckau]]
* [[Parthenstein]]
* [[Parvum Nemus Lusaticum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Jecht 1896&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Hähnichen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wosečk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hahnchn'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parvum Nemus Misnicum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Parvum Nemus Silvae]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainewalde''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Heenewaale'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Passini]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großpösna'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pausa (Saxe)|Pausa]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pegau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Penig]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Petra Ursi (Saxonia)|Petra Ursi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bärenstein'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pfaffroda]]
* [[Pirna (urbs)|Pirna]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Plauen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pobershau]]
* [[Pockau]]
* [[Pöhl]]
* [[Pons Regularis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Halsbrücke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Porschdorf]]
* [[Pratum Alnorum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Erlau'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Pratum Capreoli]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bockau''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Bucke'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Priestewitz]]
* [[Pulsnitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Bolzns'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Puschwitz]]
{{div col end}}

==== Q ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Quercetum (Saxonia)|Quercetum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Cellarius 1703&quot;&gt;Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior, ab Ortum Rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum Tempora''. Impensis Ioannis Friderici Gleditschii.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Eichigt''; [[Varisce]] ''Maechlicht'' seu ''Machlich)'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Quitzdorf am See]]
{{div col end}}

==== R ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Rabenau (Saxe)|Rabenau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Räckelwitz]]
* [[Rackwitz]]
* [[Radeberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Radebeul]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Radeburg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Radibor]]
* [[Ralbitz-Rosenthal]]
* [[Rammenau]]
* [[Raschau-Markersbach]]
* [[Rathen]]
* [[Rathmannsdorf]]
* [[Rechenberg-Bienenmühle]]
* [[Regis-Breitingen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reichenbach im Vogtland]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Reichenbach (Haute-Lusace)|Reichenbach]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; (Haute-Lusace)
* [[Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna]]
* [[Reinsberg (Saxe)|Reinsberg]]
* [[Reinsdorf (Saxe)|Reinsdorf]]
* [[Remse]]
* [[Reuth (Saxe)|Reuth]]
* [[Riesa]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rietschen]]
* [[Rochlitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Röderaue]]
* [[Rodewisch]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rosenbach]]
* [[Rosenthal-Bielatal]]
* [[Rossau (Saxe)|Rossau]]
* [[Roßwein]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rötha]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rothenburg (Haute-Lusace)|Rothenburg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rudigerivilla Arida-Theodericibachium]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posee 1882&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gersdorf 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Rueckerswalda Magna]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Großrückerswalde'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== S ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Sayda]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Scheibenberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schirgiswalde-Kirschau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schirgswaale-Kirsche'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schkeuditz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schleife (Saxe)|Schleife]]
* [[Schlettau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schmiedeberg (Saxe)|Schmiedeberg]]
* [[Schmölln-Putzkau]]
* [[Schneeberg (Saxe)|Schneeberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schönau-Berzdorf]]
* [[Schönbach (Saxe)|Schönbach]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schimmch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schönberg (Saxe)|Schönberg]]
* [[Schöneck/Vogtl.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schönfeld (Saxe)|Schönfeld]]
* [[Schönheide]]
* [[Schönteichen]]
* [[Schönwölkau]]
* [[Schöpstal]]
* [[Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Schwepnitz]]
* [[Sebnitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Securiferi Roturatio]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Beilrode'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Seelitz]]
* [[Sehmatal]]
* [[Seiffen/Erzgeb.]]
* [[Seifhennersdorf]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hennerschdurf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Silva Hartha]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hartha'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sitavia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Graesse&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Zittau'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žitawa''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Sitte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Sohland an der Spree]]
* [[Sohland am Rotstein]]
* [[Sornzig-Ablaß]]
* [[Sosa (Saxe)|Sosa]]
* [[Spreetal]]
* [[Stadt Wehlen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stauchitz]]
* [[St. Egidien]]
* [[Steina]]
* [[Steinberg (Saxe)|Steinberg]]
* [[Steinigtwolmsdorf]] &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] '''' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Wunnsdurf'' seu ''Wumpe'' seu ''Steenigwupte'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stollberg/Erzgeb.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Stolpen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Strahwalde]]
* [[Strehla]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Striegistal]]
* [[Struppen]]
* [[Stützengrün]]
* [[Syrau]]
{{div col end}}

==== T ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Tannenberg (Sachsen)|Tannenberg]]
* [[Taucha]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Taura]]
* [[Tauscha]]
* [[Thalheim/Erzgeb.]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thallwitz]]
* [[Tharandt]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thermalbad Wiesenbad]]
* [[Theuma]]
* [[Thiendorf]]
* [[Thum]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Thümmlitzwalde]]
* [[Tirpersdorf]]
* [[Tollanum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Orbis Latinus N-Z&quot;&gt;[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&amp;cq=M%C3%BCnchen&amp;lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dolan'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Torgau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Trebendorf]]
* [[Trebnicia Elstri]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Friedrich 1904&quot;&gt;Friedrich, G. (Ed.) (1904). ''Codex Diplomaticus et Epistolaris Regni Bohemiae'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Comitiorum Regni Bohemiae.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Elstertrebnitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Trebsen/Mulde]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Treuen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Triebel/Vogtl.]]
* [[Triebischtal]]
* [[Trimurica]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse 1883&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hanspach 2014&quot;&gt;Hanspach, D. (2024). ''Silva, nemus, merica, forestum: Die ältesten schriftlichen Wald- und Heidebelege im Lehnbuch Friedrich des Strengen''. In ''Arbeits- und Forschungsberichte zur sächsischen Bodendenkmalpflege'' (Band 32). Dresdae: Landesamt für Archäologie Sachsen.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dreiheide'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Trossin]]
{{div col end}}

==== V ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Vallis Ignominiosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Schandau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žandow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Libera]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Moser 1780&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freital'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Vallis Lutosa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bahretal'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Bavari]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Beiersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bejerecy'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Bernardi (Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis)|Villa Bernardi]] &lt;small&gt;(in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CTZ&quot;&gt;Fingitur nomen &quot;Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis&quot; -Theodisce ''Landkreis Zwickau'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma &quot;circulus terrae&quot; Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo &quot;[[Cygnea]]m&quot; -ad quod gentilicium &quot;Zviccaviensis-e&quot; refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}. Quo de gentilicio, confer &quot;[[Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium|Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium]]&quot;, anno [[1348]] scriptum.&lt;/ref&gt;)&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Bernardi (Lusatia Superior)|Villa Bernardi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; (in [[Lusatia superior|Lusatia Superior]]e) &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njedźichow'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Bertholdi Montana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Prochno 1939&quot;&gt;Prochno, J. (1939). ''Zittauer Urkundenbuch, Band 1: Regesten zur Geschichte der Stadt und des Landes Zittau 1234–1437''. [[Sitavia]]e: Mitteilungen del Zittauer Geschichts- und Museumsvereins.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bertsdorf-Hörnitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Boni]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1728&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bennewitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Chemnitzia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Buddeus 1704&quot;&gt;Buddeus, J. F. (1704). ''Historia iuris naturalis, seculi iussu et auctoritate potissimum Samuelis Pufendorfii restituti''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Typis et impensis Ioannis Friderici Zeitleri.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfchemnitz'' seu ''Dorfchemnitz bei Sayda'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Ernfridi]]&lt;ref name=&quot;SS 1490&quot;&gt;Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1490). ''Ältere Urkunden: Andreas Trapp, Verweser des Altars Johannes’ des Täufers in der Pfarrkirche Ehrenfriedersdorf (Ernfridißdorff)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenfriedersdorf'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Indaginis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Posse 1881&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfhain'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Villa Panis]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Mencken 1730&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Bannewitz'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Viridifluxus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Schöttgen &amp; Kreysig 1755&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Grieboch'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Viridis Lucus-Bavaricum Feldum]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Carpzov 1657&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;&gt;Ermisch, H. (Ed.). (1864). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke &amp; Devrient.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] ''Grünhain-Beierfeld'')&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Viridulum Nemus]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Ermisch 1864&quot;/&gt; &lt;small&gt;([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grünhainichen'')&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== W ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Wachau (Saxe)|Wachau]]
* [[Waldenbourg (Saxe)|Waldenbourg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Waldheim]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Waldhufen-Vierkirchen]]
* [[Wechselburg]]
* [[Weinböhla]]
* [[Weischlitz]]
* [[Weißenberg]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Weißenborn/Erzgeb.]]
* [[Weißig am Raschütz]]
* [[Weißkeißel]]
* [[Weißwasser]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Werda]]
* [[Werdau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wermsdorf]]
* [[Wiedemar]]
* [[Wiednitz]]
* [[Wildenfels]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wildenhain]]
* [[Wilkau-Haßlau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilsdruff]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wilthen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wittichenau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wolkenstein (Saxe)|Wolkenstein]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Wülknitz]]
* [[Wurzen]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
{{div col end}}

==== Z ====
{{div col|3}}
* [[Zabeltitz]]
* [[Zeithain]]
* [[Zettlitz]]
* [[Ziegra-Knobelsdorf]]
* [[Zinna]]
* [[Zöblitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zschadraß]]
* [[Zschaitz-Ottewig]]
* [[Zschepplin]]
* [[Zschopau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zschorlau]]
* [[Zwenkau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zwickau]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zwochau]]
* [[Zwönitz]] &lt;small&gt;([[urbs]])&lt;/small&gt;
* [[Zwota]]
{{div col end}}

==Notae==
&lt;references /&gt;

[[Categoria:Urbes Saxoniae]]</text>
      <sha1>9j6fo8scf0jb3gtom1jsxpt6opkl485</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sanctus Huldericus (Italia)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325642</id>
    <redirect title="Villa Sancti Odorici" />
    <revision>
      <id>3965450</id>
      <parentid>3965097</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T08:24:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>EmausBot</username>
        <id>23083</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>rectificatio redirectionis duplicis → [[Villa Sancti Odorici]]</comment>
      <origin>3965450</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34" sha1="o998776qf5fx13l590ma0umdwawluh6" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Villa Sancti Odorici]]</text>
      <sha1>o998776qf5fx13l590ma0umdwawluh6</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Germanus Parisiensis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325652</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965415</id>
      <parentid>3965197</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T04:05:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
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      <text bytes="1550" sha1="4nen8imykb2t0x1hqvsnyi78krm8rjg" xml:space="preserve">{{videdis|Sanctus Germanus}}
{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:SGP Chapelle St Symphorien 02.JPG|thumb|left|Inscriptio in pavimento sacelli sancti Symphoriani abbatiae Sancti Germani a Pratis, locum probabilem primae sepulturae ossium Germani indicans]]

[[Sanctus]] {{res|Germanus Parisiensis}} (vulgo ''Saint Germain de Paris''; [[Augustodunum|Augustoduni]] circa annum 496 natus, [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 28 Maii 576 mortuus) fuit [[episcopus]] Parisiensis.&lt;ref&gt;MacErlean, A. (1909). [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06473a.htm St. Germain.] In: ''The Catholic Encyclopedia.'' Neo Eboraci: Robert Appleton Company.&lt;/ref&gt;

Primum munus [[Abbas|abbatis]] Sancti Symphoriani Augustodunensis exercuit, postea vero ad sedem episcopalem Parisiensem vocatus est.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;''Martyrologium Romanum, ex decreto sacrosancti OEcumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum, auctoritate Ioannis Pauli Pp. II promulgatum.'' Editio altera. 844 pp. Typis Vaticanis 2004.&lt;/ref&gt; Anno circiter 558 ecclesiam a Lutetia meridiem versus sitam consecravit, quae postea, ossibus eius anno 756 huc translatis, etiam nomen eius, abbatia nempe [[Abbatia Sancti Germani a Pratis|Sancti Germani a Pratis]], accepit.&lt;ref&gt;Prache, Anna (1983) ''Ile-de-France romane [Nuit des Temps 60].'' 496 pp. Pierre-qui-Vire: Zodiaque.&lt;/ref&gt; Festum eius die 28 Maii colitur.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Notae ==
&lt;references/&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biographici}}

[[Categoria:Nati saeculo 5]]
[[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 6]]
[[Categoria:Lutetia]]
[[Categoria:Episcopi Parisienses]]</text>
      <sha1>4nen8imykb2t0x1hqvsnyi78krm8rjg</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Robertus Challe</title>
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      <parentid>3965243</parentid>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Andrew Dalby</username>
        <id>1084</id>
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      <text bytes="6061" sha1="srib4z8z6b1b38rodfedsnb6ku1ypsu" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:RobertChalle-Illustres.jpg|thumb|Titulus ''Les illustres Françaises'' (1713)]]
{{res|Robertus Challe}}, vulgo ''Robert'' (natus die [[17 Augusti]] [[1659]] [[Lutetia]]e; apud [[Autricum|Carnotes]] die [[25 Ianuarii]] [[1721]] mortuus) fuit scriptor [[Francia|Francicus]]. Inter [[1782]] et [[1788]] [[Quebecum|Quebeci]] in [[Nova Francia]] degebat tanquam mercator piscatorius. Quater incarceratus est, a piratis [[Mare Caribaeum|Caribaeis]], ab [[Anglia|Anglis]] [[Bostonia]]e et [[Londinium|Londinii]], a Francicis [[Lutetia]]e: dum Londinii captivus manebat [[Sancteuremondus]] eum adiuvit. Scriptor regis nominatus, anno [[1689]] iter ad [[Oceanus Indicus|oceanum Indicum]] fecit: narratio huius itineris, quam postea scripsit, anno 1721 paulo post eius mortem edita est. Mythistoriae duae, quae dum vivebat divulgare potuit, sine nomine auctoris venditata sunt. 

== Scripta ==
[[Fasciculus:RobertChelle-Don Quichotte.jpg|thumb|Titulus ''Continuation de l'Histoire de l'admirable Don Quichotte'' (1713)]]
* 1713 : ''Les illustres Françoises: histoires véritables''
* 1713 : ''Continuation de l'histoire de l'admirable Don Quichotte''
* 1721 : ''Journal d’un voyage fait aux Indes Orientales par une escadre de six vaisseaux commandez par M. Du Quesne, depuis le 24 février 1690, jusqu’au 20 août 1691''. 3 voll.
* 1768 : ''Le militaire philosophe, ou Difficultés sur la religion, proposées au R. P. Malebranche, prêtre de l’Oratoire, par un ancien officier'' (a Jacques-André Naigeon aliisque partim rescripta)
* 1882 : ''Textes et destins: textes et documents inédits''
* 1996 : ''Mémoires; Correspondance complète; Rapports sur l’Acadie et autres pièces''
* 1998 : ''Journal du voyage des Indes Orientales à monsieur Pierre Raymond'': textus priscus operis anno 1721 divulgati
* 2000 : ''Difficultés sur la religion proposées au P. Malebranche par M... officier militaire dans la marine'': textus priscus operis anno 1768 divulgati

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones operis recentes
* F. Deloffre, ed., ''Robert Chasles: Les illustres Françaises''. Lutetiae: Les Belles Lettres, 1959
* F. Deloffre, ed., ''Robert Challe: Textes et destins: textes et documents inédits''. Lutetaie: Sedes, 1992
* F. Deloffre, J. Popin, edd., ''Robert Challe: Mémoires; Correspondance complète; Rapports sur l’Acadie et autres pièces''. Genavae: Droz, 1996
* F. Deloffre, J. Popin, edd., ''Robert Challe: Journal du voyage des Indes Orientales à monsieur Pierre Raymond''. Genavae: Droz, 1998

; Colloquia Challiana
* Geneviève Artigas-Menant, ed., ''Robert Challe et les passions: Actes du colloque de l’Université Paris XII-Val de Marne (5 au 7 mars 2004)''. Lutetiae: PUPS, 2008
* Geneviève Artigas-Menant, Marc André Bernier, Christophe Martin, ''Robert Challe et l’Aventure: Colloque de Paris, rue Serpente, mars 2022''. Lutetiae: Classiques Garnier, 2024
* Geneviève Artigas-Menant, Jacques Cormier, Driss Aissaoui, edd., ''Robert Challe au carrefour des continents et des cultures: Actes du colloque de Halifax, 24- 25 septembre 2009''. Lutetiae: Hermann, 2013
* Geneviève Artigas-Menant, Carole Dornier, edd., ''Robert Challe : Paris 1713, L'année des illustres Françaises: Actes du colloque de L’Arsenal (mars 2002)''. Lutetiae: Vrin, 2016
* Jacques Cormier, ed., ''Lectures de Robert Challe''. Lutetiae: Champion, 1999
* Jacques Cormier, Jan Herman, Paul Pelckmans, edd., ''Robert Challe: sources et héritages: Colloque international Louvain-Anvers, 21-22-23 mars 2002''. Lovanii: Peeters, 2003
* F. Deloffre, ed., ''Autour de Robert Challe: Actes du colloque de Chartres (20-22 juin 1991)''. Lutetiae: Champion, 1993
* M.-L. Girou-Swiderski, P. Berthiaume, edd., ''Challe et/en son temps: Actes du colloque de l’université d’Ottawa (24-26 septembre 1998)''. Lutetiae: Champion, 2002
* Maria Susana Seguin, ed., ''Robert Challe et la sociabilité de son temps: Actes du colloque de Montpellier (16- 18 novembre 2006)''. Montispessulani: Presses universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2010

; Eruditio
* Susan Read Baker, &quot;Shifting cultural tides in Robert Challe's ''Journal d'un voyage fait aux Indes Orientales (1690-1691)''&quot; in ''South Atlantic Review'' vol. 66 (2001) pp. 91-113; [https://doi.org/10.2307/3201870 DOI]; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3201870 JSTOR]
* Susan Read Baker, &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237524608_Natutical_Fare_in_Robert_Challe%27s_Journal_d%27un_voyage_fait_aux_Indes_orientales_1690-1691 Nautical fare in Robert Challe's ''Journal d’un voyage fait aux Indes orientales (1690-1691)'']&quot; in ''Cahiers du dix-septième'' vol. 9 (2004)
* Jacques Cormier, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/pur/40631 Paysage et politique dans le ''Journal d’un voyage aux Indes orientales'' et dans les ''Mémoires'' de Robert Challe]&quot; in Isabelle Trivisani-Moreau, ed., ''Paysage politique'' (Redonis: Presses universitaires de Rennes, s.d.) pp. 43-54
* Jacques Cormier, ''L'atelier de Robert Challe''. Lutetiae: PUPS, 2010
* Lawrence J. Forno, &quot;The rebirth of a novelist: Robert Challe in 1973&quot; in ''French Review'' vol. 46 (1973) pp. 1138-1147; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/388313 JSTOR]
* Jean Mesnard, &quot;L’identité de Robert Challe&quot; in ''Revue d'Histoire littéraire de la France'' (1979) pp. 915-939
* Henri Roddier, &quot;Robert Challe inspirateur de Richardson et de l'abbé Prévost&quot; in ''Revue de Littérature comparée'' (1947) pp. 5-38
* English Showalter, &quot;Robert Challe and Don Quixote&quot; in ''French Review'' vol. 45 (1972) pp. 1136-1144

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biographici}}
* Société des Amis de Robert Challe (1659-1721): ''[https://robertchalle.hypotheses.org/ Recherches sur la vie et l'œuvre de Robert Challe]''
** &quot;[https://robertchalle.hypotheses.org/vie-de-robert-challe Vie de Robert Challe]&quot; 
** [https://robertchalle.hypotheses.org/bibliographie Bibliographie]

{{Anni vitae|1659|1721}}
[[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]]
[[Categoria:Incarcerati]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores itinerum]]</text>
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        <id>1084</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>/* Scripta */</comment>
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      <text bytes="6061" sha1="ezn0odlmm8ch0ry5bx3ohm7c5ci6j2r" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:RobertChalle-Illustres.jpg|thumb|Titulus ''Les illustres Françaises'' (1713)]]
{{res|Robertus Challe}}, vulgo ''Robert'' (natus die [[17 Augusti]] [[1659]] [[Lutetia]]e; apud [[Autricum|Carnotes]] die [[25 Ianuarii]] [[1721]] mortuus) fuit scriptor [[Francia|Francicus]]. Inter [[1782]] et [[1788]] [[Quebecum|Quebeci]] in [[Nova Francia]] degebat tanquam mercator piscatorius. Quater incarceratus est, a piratis [[Mare Caribaeum|Caribaeis]], ab [[Anglia|Anglis]] [[Bostonia]]e et [[Londinium|Londinii]], a Francicis [[Lutetia]]e: dum Londinii captivus manebat [[Sancteuremondus]] eum adiuvit. Scriptor regis nominatus, anno [[1689]] iter ad [[Oceanus Indicus|oceanum Indicum]] fecit: narratio huius itineris, quam postea scripsit, anno 1721 paulo post eius mortem edita est. Mythistoriae duae, quae dum vivebat divulgare potuit, sine nomine auctoris venditata sunt. 

== Scripta ==
[[Fasciculus:RobertChelle-Don Quichotte.jpg|thumb|Titulus ''Continuation de l'Histoire de l'admirable Don Quichotte'' (1713)]]
* 1713 : ''Les illustres Françoises: histoires véritables''
* 1713 : ''Continuation de l'histoire de l'admirable Don Quichotte''
* 1721 : ''Journal d’un voyage fait aux Indes Orientales par une escadre de six vaisseaux commandez par M. Du Quesne, depuis le 24 février 1690, jusqu’au 20 août 1691''. 3 voll.
* 1768 : ''Le militaire philosophe, ou Difficultés sur la religion, proposées au R. P. Malebranche, prêtre de l’Oratoire, par un ancien officier'' (a Jacques-André Naigeon aliisque partim rescripta)
* 1992 : ''Textes et destins: textes et documents inédits''
* 1996 : ''Mémoires; Correspondance complète; Rapports sur l’Acadie et autres pièces''
* 1998 : ''Journal du voyage des Indes Orientales à monsieur Pierre Raymond'': textus priscus operis anno 1721 divulgati
* 2000 : ''Difficultés sur la religion proposées au P. Malebranche par M... officier militaire dans la marine'': textus priscus operis anno 1768 divulgati

== Bibliographia ==
; Editiones operis recentes
* F. Deloffre, ed., ''Robert Chasles: Les illustres Françaises''. Lutetiae: Les Belles Lettres, 1959
* F. Deloffre, ed., ''Robert Challe: Textes et destins: textes et documents inédits''. Lutetaie: Sedes, 1992
* F. Deloffre, J. Popin, edd., ''Robert Challe: Mémoires; Correspondance complète; Rapports sur l’Acadie et autres pièces''. Genavae: Droz, 1996
* F. Deloffre, J. Popin, edd., ''Robert Challe: Journal du voyage des Indes Orientales à monsieur Pierre Raymond''. Genavae: Droz, 1998

; Colloquia Challiana
* Geneviève Artigas-Menant, ed., ''Robert Challe et les passions: Actes du colloque de l’Université Paris XII-Val de Marne (5 au 7 mars 2004)''. Lutetiae: PUPS, 2008
* Geneviève Artigas-Menant, Marc André Bernier, Christophe Martin, ''Robert Challe et l’Aventure: Colloque de Paris, rue Serpente, mars 2022''. Lutetiae: Classiques Garnier, 2024
* Geneviève Artigas-Menant, Jacques Cormier, Driss Aissaoui, edd., ''Robert Challe au carrefour des continents et des cultures: Actes du colloque de Halifax, 24- 25 septembre 2009''. Lutetiae: Hermann, 2013
* Geneviève Artigas-Menant, Carole Dornier, edd., ''Robert Challe : Paris 1713, L'année des illustres Françaises: Actes du colloque de L’Arsenal (mars 2002)''. Lutetiae: Vrin, 2016
* Jacques Cormier, ed., ''Lectures de Robert Challe''. Lutetiae: Champion, 1999
* Jacques Cormier, Jan Herman, Paul Pelckmans, edd., ''Robert Challe: sources et héritages: Colloque international Louvain-Anvers, 21-22-23 mars 2002''. Lovanii: Peeters, 2003
* F. Deloffre, ed., ''Autour de Robert Challe: Actes du colloque de Chartres (20-22 juin 1991)''. Lutetiae: Champion, 1993
* M.-L. Girou-Swiderski, P. Berthiaume, edd., ''Challe et/en son temps: Actes du colloque de l’université d’Ottawa (24-26 septembre 1998)''. Lutetiae: Champion, 2002
* Maria Susana Seguin, ed., ''Robert Challe et la sociabilité de son temps: Actes du colloque de Montpellier (16- 18 novembre 2006)''. Montispessulani: Presses universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2010

; Eruditio
* Susan Read Baker, &quot;Shifting cultural tides in Robert Challe's ''Journal d'un voyage fait aux Indes Orientales (1690-1691)''&quot; in ''South Atlantic Review'' vol. 66 (2001) pp. 91-113; [https://doi.org/10.2307/3201870 DOI]; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3201870 JSTOR]
* Susan Read Baker, &quot;[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237524608_Natutical_Fare_in_Robert_Challe%27s_Journal_d%27un_voyage_fait_aux_Indes_orientales_1690-1691 Nautical fare in Robert Challe's ''Journal d’un voyage fait aux Indes orientales (1690-1691)'']&quot; in ''Cahiers du dix-septième'' vol. 9 (2004)
* Jacques Cormier, &quot;[https://books.openedition.org/pur/40631 Paysage et politique dans le ''Journal d’un voyage aux Indes orientales'' et dans les ''Mémoires'' de Robert Challe]&quot; in Isabelle Trivisani-Moreau, ed., ''Paysage politique'' (Redonis: Presses universitaires de Rennes, s.d.) pp. 43-54
* Jacques Cormier, ''L'atelier de Robert Challe''. Lutetiae: PUPS, 2010
* Lawrence J. Forno, &quot;The rebirth of a novelist: Robert Challe in 1973&quot; in ''French Review'' vol. 46 (1973) pp. 1138-1147; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/388313 JSTOR]
* Jean Mesnard, &quot;L’identité de Robert Challe&quot; in ''Revue d'Histoire littéraire de la France'' (1979) pp. 915-939
* Henri Roddier, &quot;Robert Challe inspirateur de Richardson et de l'abbé Prévost&quot; in ''Revue de Littérature comparée'' (1947) pp. 5-38
* English Showalter, &quot;Robert Challe and Don Quixote&quot; in ''French Review'' vol. 45 (1972) pp. 1136-1144

== Nexus externi ==
{{Fontes biographici}}
* Société des Amis de Robert Challe (1659-1721): ''[https://robertchalle.hypotheses.org/ Recherches sur la vie et l'œuvre de Robert Challe]''
** &quot;[https://robertchalle.hypotheses.org/vie-de-robert-challe Vie de Robert Challe]&quot; 
** [https://robertchalle.hypotheses.org/bibliographie Bibliographie]

{{Anni vitae|1659|1721}}
[[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]]
[[Categoria:Auctores Francogallici]]
[[Categoria:Incarcerati]]
[[Categoria:Scriptores itinerum]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nouvelle Vague (pellicula 2025)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325657</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965321</id>
      <parentid>3965261</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T15:49:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Neander</username>
        <id>1973</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="2348" sha1="k9d3i3sucz7c1c7au3elpxn5sdy4thm" xml:space="preserve">{{Titulus italicus}}
{{Pellicula
|Imago=Nouvelle Vague (2025)-69752.jpg
|Titulus=Nouvelle Vague
|Latinus titulus=Novella unda  
|Annus=[[2025]]
|Moderator=[[Robertus Linklater]]
|Scriptor=
|Actores=[[Guillaume Marbeck]]&lt;br&gt;[[Zoey Deutch]]&lt;br&gt;[[Aubry Dullin]]   
|Compositor=
|Duratio=105 minuta
|Lingua=[[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]]&lt;br/&gt;[[lingua Anglica|Anglica]]
}}
{{ores|Nouvelle Vague}} est metapellicula comoedica [[Francia|Francica]], quae de facienda pellicula ''[[À Bout de Souffle (pellicula 1960)|À Bout de Souffle]]'' ('Anhelus') narrat. Quae pellicula classica anno [[1960]] a [[Ioannes Lucas Godard|Ioanne Luca Godard]] moderatore disposita est. Primae partes ab [[Ioannes Paulus Belmondo|Ioanne Paulo Belmondo]] et [[Ieanna Seberg]] actae sunt.

''Nouvelle Vague'' ('Novella unda') a [[Ricardus Linklater|Ricardo Linklater]] moderatore [[CFA|Americana]] anno [[2025]] disposita est. Pellicula de facienda pellicula ''À Bout de Souffle'' tractat, quae est una ex primis [[pellicula diutina|pelliculis diutinis]] [[Nouvelle Vague|novellae undae]] pellicularum Francicarum. Partes primae ab [[Aubry Dullin]] (Belmondo) et [[Zoey Deutch]] (Seberg) aguntur.

== Argumentum ==
Godard ([[Guillaume Marbeck]]), postquam de historia amatoria cuiusdam [[furtum|furis]] [[autoraeda]]e fugitivi et redactricis Americanae audivit, fabulam eorum pellicula narrare vult ex brevi argumento [[Franciscus Truffaut|Francisci Truffaut]]. Ad partes primas Ioannes Paulus Belmondo et Jeanna Seberg a Godard eliguntur. Praeterea, multiplices in omnibus praeparandis rebus operae a Godard positis enumerantur. Primo die productionis, Godard necopinato unam tantum scaenam cinematographat. Progrediente productione, Seberg ratione dirigendi frustrata productionem reliquere paulisper cogitat.

In pellicula varia negotia factaque a Godard gesta leniter faceteque repetuntur. Sed arduum est suavitates et iucunditates litteris recensere. 

== Bibliographia ==
* Leffler, Rebecca (2025) [https://www.screendaily.com/features/richard-linklater-on-making-nouvelle-vague-and-why-godard-would-have-approved-of-its-netflix-deal/5208801.article Richard Linklater on making ‘Nouvelle Vague’ and why Godard would have approved of its Netflix deal]. ''Screen Dayly'', die 10 Septembris.


[[Categoria:Pelliculae comoedicae]]
[[Categoria:Pelliculae 2025]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kelhemium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Paginam instituit, scribens 'Kelhaimia est caput [[Circulus terrae|circuli terrae]] Kelhaimensi in provinciam [[Bavaria Inferior|Bavariae inferioris]]. Habet 17.000 incola. Turritur de [[Aula liberationis|Aulam liberationis]] (''[[Theodisce]]'' Befreiungshalle), quae e propugnaculo montis flumina [[Danubius|Danubii]] et Altmuehlensi prospicit.'</comment>
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      <text bytes="316" sha1="adyam91o1spq2hc8zuejbjfu7ghmevf" xml:space="preserve">Kelhaimia est caput [[Circulus terrae|circuli terrae]] Kelhaimensi in provinciam [[Bavaria Inferior|Bavariae inferioris]]. Habet 17.000 incola. Turritur de [[Aula liberationis|Aulam liberationis]] (''[[Theodisce]]'' Befreiungshalle), quae e propugnaculo montis flumina [[Danubius|Danubii]] et Altmuehlensi prospicit.</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
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      <comment>Augenda &amp;c.</comment>
      <origin>3965376</origin>
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      <text bytes="416" sha1="i7atm2zzrh97cuwc58o3j2idnqyxq21" xml:space="preserve">{{Augenda|2026|6}}
{{Pagina non annexa}}
{{Vicificanda}}
{{Latinitas|-6}}
Kelhaimia est caput [[Circulus terrae|circuli terrae]] Kelhaimensi in provinciam [[Bavaria Inferior|Bavariae inferioris]]. Habet 17.000 incola. Turritur de [[Aula liberationis|Aulam liberationis]] (''[[Theodisce]]'' Befreiungshalle), quae e propugnaculo montis flumina [[Danubius|Danubii]] et Altmuehlensi prospicit.{{dubcat}}{{Nexus absunt}}</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>3965414</id>
      <parentid>3965376</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T04:00:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
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      <text bytes="611" sha1="3zaq7r1tn1p7z8hl6h2gnsqmax7o06g" xml:space="preserve">{{Augenda|2026|6}}
{{Pagina non annexa}}
{{Vicificanda}}
{{Latinitas|-6}}
{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Kelhaimia}}{{dubsig}} est [[urbs]] et caput [[Circulus terrae|circuli terrae]] [[Circulus Kelhemiensis|Kelhemensis]] in provinciam [[Bavaria Inferior|Bavariae inferioris]]. Habet {{num|17000}} incola. Turritur de [[Aula liberationis|Aulam liberationis]]{{dubsig}} ([[Theodisce]] ''Befreiungshalle''), quae e propugnaculo montis flumina [[Danubius|Danubii]] et Altmuehlensi{{dubsig}} prospicit.

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Kelheim|Kelhaimiam}}
{{Fontes geographici}}

[[Categoria:Urbes Bavariae]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Elstra nigra</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325660</id>
    <redirect title="Elstra Nigra" />
    <revision>
      <id>3965383</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-17T23:27:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>IacobusAmor</username>
        <id>1163</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Elstra nigra]] ad [[Elstra Nigra]]: Lemma</comment>
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      <text bytes="26" sha1="rcqqaf9z9oseqlm60b8fg6vhcwa094c" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Elstra Nigra]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Usores in colloquio</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>325661</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965385</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T00:01:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Prima adumbratio</comment>
      <origin>3965385</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1076" sha1="c3xzf1fb2s2y1b80ft2yil4e5b3pbdn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Ifsubst|/}}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{1|}}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{2|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				with_name_matching|1|strict|or|2|strict|
				combining_by_magic|#lsth|tmp|
				mapping_by_replacing|.-%[%[Us[eo]r:([^{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}%]]+)|&lt;%1&gt;|
				mapping_by_replacing|&gt;[^&lt;].*$||
				mapping_by_replacing|^&lt;||
				reinterpreting|tmp|trim_all|splitter_string|&gt;&lt;|setter_string||
				renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				renaming_to_sequence|naturally|
				setting|i/l/s|, | and |, and |
				sequential|
				for_each|@[[Usor:$@|$@]]}}
			| {{Error|Error: Nomen capituli abest}}
		}}
		| {{Error|Error: Pagina disputationis abest}}
	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula semper substituenda est (i.e. &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:usores in colloquio|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|Formula:Usor/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>c3xzf1fb2s2y1b80ft2yil4e5b3pbdn</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3965389</id>
      <parentid>3965385</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T00:36:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+‘|praefixum=’</comment>
      <origin>3965389</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1089" sha1="haggu4qoq9e43gr32p4g5ya0cpyez7u" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Ifsubst|/}}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{1|}}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{2|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				with_name_matching|1|strict|or|2|strict|
				combining_by_magic|#lsth|tmp|
				mapping_by_replacing|.-%[%[Us[eo]r:([^{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}%]]+)|&lt;%1&gt;|
				mapping_by_replacing|&gt;[^&lt;].*$||
				mapping_by_replacing|^&lt;||
				reinterpreting|tmp|trim_all|splitter_string|&gt;&lt;|setter_string||
				renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				renaming_to_sequence|naturally|
				setting|i/l/s|, | et |, et |
				sequential|
				for_each|{{{praefixum|}}}[[Usor:$@|$@]]}}
			| {{Error|Error: Nomen capituli abest}}
		}}
		| {{Error|Error: Pagina disputationis abest}}
	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula semper substituenda est (i.e. &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:usores in colloquio|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;).}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|Formula:Usor/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>haggu4qoq9e43gr32p4g5ya0cpyez7u</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3965396</id>
      <parentid>3965389</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T01:08:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>3965396</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1170" sha1="66bimciq8gkwx4hrevdrndem512rzpl" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Ifsubst|/}}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{1|}}}|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifexist:{{{1}}}|/}}}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{2|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				with_name_matching|1|strict|or|2|strict|
				combining_by_magic|#lsth|tmp|
				mapping_by_replacing|.-%[%[Us[eo]r:([^{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}%]]+)|&lt;%1&gt;|
				mapping_by_replacing|&gt;[^&lt;].*$||
				mapping_by_replacing|^&lt;||
				reinterpreting|tmp|trim_all|splitter_string|&gt;&lt;|setter_string||
				renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				renaming_to_sequence|naturally|
				setting|i/l/s|, | et |, et |
				sequential|
				for_each|{{{praefixum|}}}[[Usor:$@|$@]]}}
			| {{Error|Error: Nomen capituli abest.}}
		}}
		| {{Error|Error: Pagina disputationis abest.}}
	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula semper substituenda est—scribe &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:usores in colloquio|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|Formula:Usor/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>66bimciq8gkwx4hrevdrndem512rzpl</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3965397</id>
      <parentid>3965396</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T01:12:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3965397</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1080" sha1="gs3chvawabe8j5334pcahqt1clqdqth" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Ifsubst|/}}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifexist:{{{1}}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{2|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				with_name_matching|1|strict|or|2|strict|
				combining_by_magic|#lsth|tmp|
				mapping_by_replacing|.-%[%[Us[eo]r:([^{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}%]]+)|&lt;%1&gt;|
				mapping_by_replacing|&gt;[^&lt;].*$||
				mapping_by_replacing|^&lt;||
				reinterpreting|tmp|trim_all|splitter_string|&gt;&lt;|setter_string||
				renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				renaming_to_sequence|naturally|
				setting|i/l/s|, | et |, et |
				sequential|
				for_each|{{{praefixum|}}}[[Usor:$@|$@]]}}
			| {{Error|Error: Nomen capituli abest.}}
		}}
		| {{Error|Error: Pagina disputationis abest.}}
	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula semper substituenda est—scribe &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|Formula:Usor/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>gs3chvawabe8j5334pcahqt1clqdqth</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3965401</id>
      <parentid>3965397</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T01:50:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3965401</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1101" sha1="mnyf7wz6ea3ma8q8t3dnvyr9t8xlzni" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Ifsubst|/}}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifexist:{{{1}}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{2|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				with_name_matching|1|strict|or|2|strict|
				trimming_values|
				combining_by_magic|#lsth|tmp|
				mapping_by_replacing|.-%[%[Us[eo]r:([^{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}%]]+)|&lt;%1&gt;|
				mapping_by_replacing|&gt;[^&lt;].*$||
				mapping_by_replacing|^&lt;||
				reinterpreting|tmp|trim_all|splitter_string|&gt;&lt;|setter_string||
				renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				with_value_not_matching||strict|
				renaming_to_sequence|naturally|
				setting|i/l/s|, | et |, et |
				sequential|
				for_each|{{{praefixum|}}}[[Usor:$@|$@]]}}
			| {{Error|Error: Nomen capituli abest.}}
		}}
		| {{Error|Error: Pagina disputationis abest.}}
	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula semper substituenda est—scribe &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|Formula:Usor/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mnyf7wz6ea3ma8q8t3dnvyr9t8xlzni</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965403</id>
      <parentid>3965401</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T02:47:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+‘|excludo1=...’, +‘|excludo2=...’, +‘|excludo3=...’, ... etc.; +‘|addo1=...’, +‘|addo2=...’, +‘|addo3=...’, ... etc.; auctor invocationis, si particeps, excludetur</comment>
      <origin>3965403</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1417" sha1="1yvp29a4glo3d9vdwrgcb91fxsmg8zi" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Ifsubst|/}}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifexist:{{{1}}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{2|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				entering_substack|
					with_name_matching|^addo%s*%d+$|
					renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				leaving_substack|
				with_name_matching|1|strict|or|2|strict|
				trimming_values|
				combining_by_magic|#lsth|tmp|
				mapping_by_replacing|.-%[%[Us[oe]r:([^{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}%]]+)|&lt;%1&gt;|
				mapping_by_replacing|&gt;[^&lt;].*$||
				mapping_by_replacing|^&lt;||
				reinterpreting|tmp|trim_all|splitter_string|&gt;&lt;|setter_string||
				renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				discarding|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;REVISIONUSER}}|
				flushing|
				discarding||
				remembering|entering_substack|
					with_name_matching|^excludo%s*%d+$|
					renaming_by_mixing|$@|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				renaming_to_sequence|naturally|
				setting|i/l/s|, | and |, and |
				sequential|
				for_each|{{{praefixum|@}}}[[Usor:$@|$@]]}}
			| {{Error|Error: Nomen capituli abest.}}
		}}
		| {{Error|Error: Pagina disputationis abest.}}
	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula semper substituenda est—scribe &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|Formula:Usor/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>1yvp29a4glo3d9vdwrgcb91fxsmg8zi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965405</id>
      <parentid>3965403</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T02:49:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3965405</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1415" sha1="e337lg5hljpg1mw3qtqtsc34w1k11fd" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Ifsubst|/}}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifexist:{{{1}}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{2|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				entering_substack|
					with_name_matching|^addo%s*%d+$|
					renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				leaving_substack|
				with_name_matching|1|strict|or|2|strict|
				trimming_values|
				combining_by_magic|#lsth|tmp|
				mapping_by_replacing|.-%[%[Us[oe]r:([^{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}%]]+)|&lt;%1&gt;|
				mapping_by_replacing|&gt;[^&lt;].*$||
				mapping_by_replacing|^&lt;||
				reinterpreting|tmp|trim_all|splitter_string|&gt;&lt;|setter_string||
				renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				discarding|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;REVISIONUSER}}|
				flushing|
				discarding||
				remembering|entering_substack|
					with_name_matching|^excludo%s*%d+$|
					renaming_by_mixing|$@|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				renaming_to_sequence|naturally|
				setting|i/l/s|, | et |, et |
				sequential|
				for_each|{{{praefixum|@}}}[[Usor:$@|$@]]}}
			| {{Error|Error: Nomen capituli abest.}}
		}}
		| {{Error|Error: Pagina disputationis abest.}}
	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula semper substituenda est—scribe &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|Formula:Usor/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>e337lg5hljpg1mw3qtqtsc34w1k11fd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965406</id>
      <parentid>3965405</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T02:54:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>‘|excludo1=’, ‘|excludo2=’, ... etc. → ‘|excluditur1=’, ‘|excluditur2=’, ... etc.; ‘|addo1=’, ‘|addo2=’, ... etc. → ‘|additur1=’, ‘|additur2=’, ... etc.</comment>
      <origin>3965406</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1421" sha1="sdlj3pe6vf6pl3o8tzij5xmdyylp465" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Ifsubst|/}}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifexist:{{{1}}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{2|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				entering_substack|
					with_name_matching|^additur%s*%d+$|
					renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				leaving_substack|
				with_name_matching|1|strict|or|2|strict|
				trimming_values|
				combining_by_magic|#lsth|tmp|
				mapping_by_replacing|.-%[%[Us[oe]r:([^{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}%]]+)|&lt;%1&gt;|
				mapping_by_replacing|&gt;[^&lt;].*$||
				mapping_by_replacing|^&lt;||
				reinterpreting|tmp|trim_all|splitter_string|&gt;&lt;|setter_string||
				renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				discarding|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;REVISIONUSER}}|
				flushing|
				discarding||
				remembering|entering_substack|
					with_name_matching|^excluditur%s*%d+$|
					renaming_by_mixing|$@|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				renaming_to_sequence|naturally|
				setting|i/l/s|, | et |, et |
				sequential|
				for_each|{{{praefixum|@}}}[[Usor:$@|$@]]}}
			| {{Error|Error: Nomen capituli abest.}}
		}}
		| {{Error|Error: Pagina disputationis abest.}}
	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula semper substituenda est—scribe &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|Formula:Usor/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>sdlj3pe6vf6pl3o8tzij5xmdyylp465</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>3965408</id>
      <parentid>3965406</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T03:00:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>3965408</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1420" sha1="edoskzkz5726yyoo674hy8qz0bvlnjy" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Ifsubst|/}}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifexist:{{{1}}}
		| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{{2|}}}
			| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#invoke:params|
				entering_substack|
					with_name_matching|^additur%s*%d+$|
					renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				leaving_substack|
				with_name_matching|1|strict|or|2|strict|
				trimming_values|
				combining_by_magic|#lsth|tmp|
				mapping_by_replacing|.-%[%[Us[oe]r:([^{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}%]]+)|&lt;%1&gt;|
				mapping_by_replacing|&gt;[^&lt;].*$||
				mapping_by_replacing|^&lt;||
				reinterpreting|tmp|trim_all|splitter_string|&gt;&lt;|setter_string||
				renaming_by_mixing|$@|
				discarding|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;REVISIONUSER}}|
				flushing|
				discarding||
				remembering|entering_substack|
					with_name_matching|^excluditur%s*%d+$|
					renaming_by_mixing|$@|
					detaching_substack|
				dropping_substack|
				renaming_to_sequence|naturally|
				setting|i/l/s|, | et |, et |
				sequential|
				for_each|{{{praefixum|}}}[[Usor:$@|$@]]}}
			| {{Error|Error: Nomen capituli abest.}}
		}}
		| {{Error|Error: Pagina disputationis abest.}}
	}}
	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula semper substituenda est—scribe &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|Formula:Usor/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>edoskzkz5726yyoo674hy8qz0bvlnjy</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>3965438</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-18T06:46:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>De disputationibus quae usoribus carent</comment>
      <origin>3965438</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1499" sha1="mxv8gmjmpyb6bgggk51ffszvrggfqmo" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#if:{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;Ifsubst|/}}}}
	| {{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;#ifexist:{{{1}}}
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				with_name_matching|1|strict|or|2|strict|
				trimming_values|
				combining_by_magic|#lsth|tmp|
				mapping_by_replacing|[&lt;&gt;]||
				mapping_by_replacing|.-%[%[Us[oe]r:([^{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;!}}%[%]]+)[^%[%]]*%]%]|&lt;%1&gt;|
				with_value_matching|&lt;|plain|
				mapping_by_replacing|&gt;[^&lt;].*$||
				mapping_by_replacing|^&lt;||
				reinterpreting|tmp|trim_all|splitter_string|&gt;&lt;|setter_string||
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				discarding|{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;REVISIONUSER}}|
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				remembering|entering_substack|
					with_name_matching|^excluditur%s*%d+$|
					renaming_by_mixing|$@|
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				renaming_to_sequence|naturally|
				setting|i/l/s|, | et |, et |
				sequential|
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			| {{Error|Error: Nomen capituli abest.}}
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		| {{Error|Error: Pagina disputationis abest.}}
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	| {{Error|Error: Haec formula semper substituenda est—scribe &lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;wikitext&quot; inline&gt;{{subst:uc|...}}&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;.}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentatio|Formula:Usor/doc}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>mxv8gmjmpyb6bgggk51ffszvrggfqmo</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Formula:Uc</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>325662</id>
    <redirect title="Formula:Usores in colloquio" />
    <revision>
      <id>3965394</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T01:02:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirectionem creavi</comment>
      <origin>3965394</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41" sha1="jzb0vbjo6pduk0tzz0x44br4ejo8irv" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Formula:Usores in colloquio]]</text>
      <sha1>jzb0vbjo6pduk0tzz0x44br4ejo8irv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ludovicus Hamilton</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325663</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965411</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T03:29:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bartholomite</username>
        <id>116968</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>nova</comment>
      <origin>3965411</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1309" sha1="ew0ynzyrhr4rrzo0zqiz2ugc6y2bklb" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}}

{{res|Ludovicus Carolus Davidson Hamilton eques}} (natus [[Hertfordiensis comitatus|Hertfordiae]] die [[7 Ianuarii]] [[1985]]) est [[cursus autocinetorum|cursor autocinetorum]] [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]]. In [[Formula 1]] pro [[Ferrari]] currit. Cum [[Michael Schumacher|Michaele Schumacher]] plurima victoria in certamine Formulae 1 aequat.

== Victoriae ==
* Certamen Formulae 1 anno [[2008]]
* Certamen Formulae 1 anno [[2014]]
* Certamen Formulae 1 anno [[2015]]
* Certamen Formulae 1 anno [[2017]]
* Certamen Formulae 1 anno [[2018]]
* Certamen Formulae 1 anno [[2019]]
* Certamen Formulae 1 anno [[2020]]

== Pinacotheca ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Lewis Hamilton 2007 Canada.jpg|Certamen F1 Canadiana anno [[2007]].
2021 United States Grand Prix 23 (cropped).jpg|Ludovicus Hamilton et [[Maximilianus Verstappen]] anno [[2021]].
2024 British Grand Prix, Hamilton (1).jpg|Certamen F1 Brittanica anno [[2024]].
2026 Chinese GP - Ferrari - Lewis Hamilton - Qualifying.jpg|Certamen F1 Sinica anno [[2026]].
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Lewis Hamilton|Ludovicum Hamilton equitem}}
{{Fontes biographici}}
* [http://lewishamilton.com/ Situs interretialis]

{{Anni vitae|1985||Hamilton, Ludovicus}}
[[Categoria:Cursores autocinetorum]]
[[Categoria:Athletae Britanniae]]</text>
      <sha1>ew0ynzyrhr4rrzo0zqiz2ugc6y2bklb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Solimariaca</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325664</id>
    <redirect title="Solicia" />
    <revision>
      <id>3965417</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T04:40:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirectionem ad [[Solicia|Soliciam]] creavi</comment>
      <origin>3965417</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="qs5lqz2kg6nyd6v6eubf2txhekzxjj7" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Solicia]]</text>
      <sha1>qs5lqz2kg6nyd6v6eubf2txhekzxjj7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Solotium</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325665</id>
    <redirect title="Solicia" />
    <revision>
      <id>3965418</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T04:40:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>64423</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Redirectionem ad [[Solicia|Soliciam]] creavi</comment>
      <origin>3965418</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21" sha1="qs5lqz2kg6nyd6v6eubf2txhekzxjj7" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Solicia]]</text>
      <sha1>qs5lqz2kg6nyd6v6eubf2txhekzxjj7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Sanctus Basolimons</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325666</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965454</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T09:43:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creatio a francica documentatione</comment>
      <origin>3965454</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1149" sha1="id7fc09himr73bbet9buudl2jyyac3q" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Saint-Baslemont, Église Saint-Jean-Baptiste.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Sanctus Basolimons: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Ioannes Baptista|Sancto Ioanni Baptistae]] dicata.]]
{{res|Sanctus Basolimons}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Graesse}}, t. 1, p. 227.&lt;/ref&gt; ([[Francogallice]]: ''Saint-Benoît-la-Chipotte'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 87 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]].

== Cives notabiles ==
* [[Ioannes Iacobus de Haraucourt]] (circa 1600–1644), Dominus Sancti Basolimontis, tribunus militum.
* [[Barba Alberta d'Ernecourt]] (1607–1660), uxor eius, heroina Lotharinga [[Bellum triginta annorum|Belli triginta annorum]], etiam ''Amazona Christiana'' appellata, Domina Sancti Basolimontis.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Saint-Baslemont|Sanctum Basolimontem}}
{{Fontes geographici}}

== Notae ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{geo-stipula}}

[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]]</text>
      <sha1>id7fc09himr73bbet9buudl2jyyac3q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio:Sanctus Basolimons</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>325667</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965455</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T09:45:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>attributio</comment>
      <origin>3965455</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="43" sha1="2o4t7ksdj3f8n7s59o11mo2qbssphq5" xml:space="preserve">{{attributio|fr|Saint-Baslemont|235803499}}</text>
      <sha1>2o4t7ksdj3f8n7s59o11mo2qbssphq5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rupt-sur-Moselle</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325668</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965456</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T10:01:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creatio a francica documentatione</comment>
      <origin>3965456</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1343" sha1="76f2e9myocmcub24u0iky8slghcpflz" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Eglise Saint-Etienne de Rupt-sur-Moselle.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Rupt-sur-Moselle: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Stephanus|Sancto Stephano]] dicata.]]
{{res|Rupt-sur-Moselle}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] {{formatnum:3419}} incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in [[regio]]ne [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]].

== Cives notabiles ==
* [[Deodatus Thiébault]] (1733-1807), vir litteratus, praeses Societatis Liberae Scientiarum, Litterarum et Artium Parisiensis, hic, in viculo La Roche natus est.
* [[Albertus Montémont]] (1788-1861), scriptor, hic natus est.
* [[Ernestus Wittmann]] (1846-1921), sculptor et pictor, hic mortuus est.
* [[Paulus Maria Mirouel]] (1869-1958), militaris, hic natus est.
* [[Ioannes Desbordes]] (1906-1944), scriptor, poeta, Resistentiae sodalis, hic natus est.
* [[Ioannes Montémont]] (1913-1959), pictor, hic natus est.
* [[Ludovicus Courroy]] (1915-1991), [[demarchus]] communis ab anno 1953 ad annum 1965.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Rupt-sur-Moselle|Rupt-sur-Moselle}}
{{Fontes geographici}} 

{{geo-stipula}}
[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]]</text>
      <sha1>76f2e9myocmcub24u0iky8slghcpflz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio:Rupt-sur-Moselle</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>325669</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965457</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T10:03:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>attributio</comment>
      <origin>3965457</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="44" sha1="qo191t2ang28zlo4cvxi0wjex4g7cdt" xml:space="preserve">{{attributio|fr|Rupt-sur-Moselle|235780343}}</text>
      <sha1>qo191t2ang28zlo4cvxi0wjex4g7cdt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ruppes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>325670</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965460</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T10:12:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>creatio a francica documentatione</comment>
      <origin>3965460</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="981" sha1="60zbbnr5x7av7c7dx0bz3jur737by0e" xml:space="preserve">{{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}}
[[Fasciculus:Ruppes, Église Saint-Gengoult.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Ruppes: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Gangulphus|Sancto Gangulpho]] dicata.]]
{{res|Ruppes}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 149 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in [[regio]]ne [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]].

== Cives notabiles ==
* [[Galtierus d'Épinal]], Dominus de Ruppes, scriptor carminum saeculo XIII.
* [[Carolus du Houx de Vioménil]] (1734–1827), Marescallus Franciae, hic natus est.
* [[Ioannes Nicolaus Alexander Panichot]] (1766–1819), causidicus et legislator, legatus pro Vosgis ad Concilium Quingentorum, hic natus est.

{{NexInt}}
* [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]]

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Ruppes|Ruppes}}
{{Fontes geographici}} 

{{geo-stipula}}
[[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]]
[[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]]</text>
      <sha1>60zbbnr5x7av7c7dx0bz3jur737by0e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Disputatio:Ruppes</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>325671</id>
    <revision>
      <id>3965461</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-18T10:13:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Pippobuono</username>
        <id>54500</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>attributio</comment>
      <origin>3965461</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34" sha1="pdmd4ac4u7s04wekerdpvisebo6qhqn" xml:space="preserve">{{attributio|fr|Ruppes|235780323}}</text>
      <sha1>pdmd4ac4u7s04wekerdpvisebo6qhqn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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