Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae Adumbratio Disputatio Adumbrationis TimedText TimedText talk Modulus Disputatio Moduli Event Event talk 0 161 3965689 3950790 2026-06-20T00:35:25Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Anatomia cellularum */ s/karyo/caryo/, secundum discussionem in Taberna 3965689 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Plant_cell_structure_it.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Cellula]] '''Cellula''' est minima pars [[vita]]e [[eucaryot]]um sive [[bacterium|bacteriorum]] sive [[archaea|archaeorum]], et res quae omnes [[organismus|organismos]] notos efficit. Cellulae anno [[1665]] repertae sunt a [[Robertus Hookius|Roberto Hookio]], qui primus cognovit [[planta]]s cellulis constitutas esse. Cellula est minima structura qua res viva describitur, et saepe elementum vitae appellatur.<ref>Alberts & al. 2002: cap. 21, ubi, quomodo "cellular building blocks" ad [[embryo]]nes crescentes formandos moveant, disputatur. Parvae moleculae, sicut [[aminoacidum|aminoacida]], saepe "molecular building blocks" appellantur.</ref> Aliqui organismi, sicut plurima [[bacteria]], [[unicellularitas|unicellulares]] sunt (quippe qui in una cellula consistant); ceteri autem organismi, sicut [[homo|homines]], [[multicellularitas|multicellulares]] sunt. Hominibus sunt circa 100 "decies centena milia millionum" (10¹⁴) cellularum; magnitudo generalis cellulae 10&nbsp;[[micrometrum|µm]] est, et cellularum massa in genere 1&nbsp;[[nanogramma]] est. Maximae cellulae sunt circa 135&nbsp;µm in [[anterius cornu|anteriore cornu]] (vel anteriore columna vel cornu ventrali) [[medulla spinalis|medullae spinalis]], cum [[cellulae granulares]] in [[cerebellum|cerebello]], minimae cellulae, circa 4&nbsp;µm sint, et longissima cellula a [[pes|pedis]] digito ad inferiores [[truncus encephali|trunci encephali]] [[Neuron pseudounipolare|cellulas pseudounipolares]] extendi possit. Maximae cellulae notae sunt [[ovum|ova]] infertilia ''[[Struthio camelus|Struthionis cameli]]'', quae 3.3 librarum ponderis sunt.<ref>Campbell & al. 2006.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Eggs of hummingbird, hen, and ostrich.jpg|thumb|[[Ovum|Ova]] sunt cellulae: ovum parvi [[avis]] familiae [[Trochilidae|Trochilidarum]], ovum [[gallus|galli]], ovum ''[[Struthio camelus|Struthionis cameli]],'' maxima cellula.]] In animantibus superioribus, nonnullae cellulae similes quo ad structuram pertinet, et quae idem officium perficiunt, etenim multa [[textum (biologia)|texta]] varia [[membrum (anatomia)|membra]] [[corpus|corporis]] constituunt. == Anatomia cellularum == Sunt duo cellularum genera: eucaryotica et [[procaryota|procaryotica]]. Cellulae procaryoticae simpliciores et minores saepe sunt, sed cellulae eucaryoticae non modo maiores sunt sed paucae in texta item organa, systemata, membra, denique [[corpus (physicum)|corpus]] multae cellulae fingunt. === Cellulae procaryoticae === Intra cellulam procaryoticam sunt [[cytoplasma]], quod [[DNA]] et alimentum cellulae conhibet, [[ribosoma|ribosomata]], quae nova [[proteinum|proteina]] creant. Cellula duo genera DNA habere potest: DNA chromosomaticum, quod [[nucleoidum]] format, et [[plasmidum]], DNA rotundum extra [[chromosoma]]. Tegmen cellulae est murus cellularis, membrana plasmatica, et vasculum [[saccharum|saccharosum]]. Cellula uno aut multis [[flagellum|flagellis]] aut ciliis uti potest. [[Fasciculus:RBC micrograph.jpg|thumb|[[Erythrocytus|Erythrocyti]] sunt cellulae [[sanguis]], quae nullum [[nucleus (cellula)|nucleum]] habent. Minimae sunt cellularum hominis.]] === Cellulae eucaryoticae === Quamquam eucaryoticae cellulae similes procaryoticis, sunt multa discrimina inter eas. Cellulae eucaryoticae etiam cytoplasmatis, item [[alimentum|alimentorum]], [[DNA]], et [[ribosoma]]tum usitate utuntur. Nam [[Cytoplasma]] organella habet, quae multorum factorum necessariorum funguntur. [[Mitochondrium|Mitochondria]] saccharum in [[Adenosini triphosphatum|ATP]] convertunt, [[chloroplastis|chloroplastes]] lucem, aquam, et [[carbonii dioxidum]] in G3P (quod saccharum fit) convertunt. [[Apparatus Golgianus|Corpora Golgiana]], reticulum endoplasmaticum, [[lysosoma]]ta, et alia organella in systema endomembranae funguntur, portantia [[proteinum|proteina]] facta trans et ex cellula. DNA harum cellularum tegminis teguntur, et haec moles "[[nucleus cellulae|nucleum]]" vocatur. Hae cellulae a flagellis, [[cilium|ciliis]], aut molibus cytoplasmatis sui (pseudopodiae vocantur) tendendo movent. == Compages intracellularis == === Membrana cellularis === {{main|Membrana cellularis}} Membrana cellularis sive membrana plasmatis cellulae interiora cingit. === Cytosceletus === {{main|Cytosceletus}} Cytosceletus cellulae figuram ad locum tenet. === Organella === {{main|Organellum}} Organella sunt cellulae partes quibus functiones specificatae, per exemplum [[metabolismus|metabolismi]], insunt. ==== Nucleus cellulae ==== {{main|Nucleus cellulae}} Plerisque cellulis eukaryoticis de consuetudine singulares, quamquam aliis ''[[cellula anucleata|anucleatis]]'' nullus (per exemplum [[erythrocytus|erythrocytis]]), aliis ''[[cellula multinucleata|multinucleatis]]'' (per exemplum [[osteoclastis|osteoclastes]]) plures ''membrana nucleari'' circumdata nuclei, intra quos [[chromosoma]]ta gestatores informationis geneticae collocata, insunt. ==== Mitochondria et chloroplastes ==== {{main|Mitochondrium}} {{main|Chloroplastis}} In mitochondris chloroplastibusque cellulae energia generatur. ==== Reticulum endoplasmaticum ==== {{main|Reticulum endoplasmaticum}} Pro synthesi proteinarum reticulum endoplasmaticum systematem [[Tubulus (biologia)|tubulorum]], [[vesicula]]rum, [[Cisterna (biologia)|cisternarum]] in [[cellula]] eucaryotica format.. ==== Apparatus Golgianus ==== {{main|Apparatus Golgianus}} Post synthesin apparatus Golgianus [[macromolecula]]s, [[Proteinum|proteina]] et [[Lipidum|lipida]] et ante dimissionem et mutat et digerit et conligit. ==== Lysosomata et peroxisomata ==== {{main|Lysosoma}} {{main|Peroxisoma}} ==== Centrosomata ==== {{main|Centrosoma}} ==== Vacuola ==== {{main|Vacuolum}} Vacuola sunt membrana ([[Tonoplastis|tonoplasti]]) cincta organella liquorem continentes. ==== Ribosomata ==== {{main|Ribosomum}} Ribosomata rectius [[ARN]] macromoleculae sunt, ubi [[Translatio genetica|translatio]] sub proteinis certis magistro fit. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Hooke Microscope-03000276-FIG-4.jpg|thumb|[[Microscopium]] quo [[Robertus Hookius]] uti solebat.]] [[Robertus Hookius]] primus cellulas [[microscopium|microscopio]] invenit et eis nomen dedit, quod opinatus est cellulas [[planta]]rum similes esse cellulis aedium. Cellulas descripsit in [[liber|libro]] ''Micrographia sive physiologica descriptio minutiorum corporum microscopii ope observatorum,'' anno [[1665]] edito. [[Antonius van Leeuwenhoek]] et [[Ioannes Swammerdam]] paulo postea cellulas [[animal]]ium investigaverunt; ille [[bacterium|bacteria]] vidit, animalia unius tantum cellulae, quae animalculos nominavit. Anno fere [[1838]], Ioannes Purkyně, Gabriel Valentin, Ioannes Müller, Theodorus Schwann, et Mattheus Schleiden, viri docti [[Germania|Germanici]] et [[Cechia|Cechi]], theoriam cellularum enuntiaverunt, quae nunc in [[biologia]] vera habetur. Anno 1855 [[Rudolphus Virchow]] [[pathologia cellularis|''pathologiam cellularem'']] suam descripsit<ref>Virchow R.: ''Cellular-Pathologie''. In: ''Virchows Archiv''. tomus 8, 1855, pag. 3–39</ref>, quo argumentum morbos ope malorum cellularum emanare descripsit. [[Guglielmus Roux]] unitatem minimam vitae esse cellulam, quae totas ''functiones organismi basales'' - [[metabolismus|metabolismum]], [[motus|motum]], incrementum, [[procreatio]]nem, transmissionem [[informatio genetica|informationis geneticae]] - perficere possit, postulavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Cite book | author = Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P. | title = Molecular Biology of the Cell | edition = 4a| publisher = Garland | year = 2002 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.TOC&depth=2 | isbn = 0815332181}} * {{Cite book| author= Berkaloff, André|title=La cellula: fisiologia|publisher=Edizioni scientifiche e tecniche Mondadori|year=2003}} * {{Cite book|author=Bolsover, Steven R.|title=Cell Biology: A Short Course|publisher=Wiley-Liss|location=Hoboken|year=2004|isbn=0471263931}} * Campbell, Neil A.; Brad Williamson; Robin J. Heyden (2006) ''Biology: Exploring Life.'' Pearson Prentice Hall. * {{Cite book |author=Cooper G. M. |title=The cell: a molecular approach | edition = 2a | publisher=ASM Press |location=Vasingtoniae |year=2000 |pages= |isbn=0-87893-102-3 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=cooper.TOC&depth=2 }} * {{Cite book |author=Goodsell, David S.|title=Wie Zellen funktionieren : Wirtschaft und Produktion in der molekularen Welt|edition=2a|publisher=Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag|location=Heidelberg|year=2010|isbn=978-3-8274-2453-2}} * {{Cite book | author = Lodish H., Berk A., Matsudaira P., Kaiser C. A., Krieger M., Scott M. P., Zipurksy SL, Darnell J | title = Molecular Cell Biology | edition = 5a | publisher=WH Freeman: Novi Eboraci | year = 2004 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mcb.TOC|isbn= 978-0716743668}} * {{Cite book|author=Molina-Paris, Carmen, et Grant Lythe|title=Mathematical Models and Immune Cell Biology|publisher=Springer|location=Novi Eboraci|year=2011|isbn=9781441977250}} * {{Cite book|author=Munaron, Luca, et Davide Lovisolo|title=Fisiologia della cellula|publisher=Bollati Boringhieri|year=2003|isbn=9788833956961}} * {{Cite book|author=Nicolau i Pous, Francesc|title=La cèl·lula i la reproducció dels éssers vius| publisher=Fundació Catalunya Cristiana|location=Barcinonae|year=1987|pages=|isbn=84-398-9992-0}} * {{Cite book|author=Roca, Núria, Marta Serrano, Ferran Gibert, et Antonio Muñoz|title=La cèl·lula: l'origen de la vida|publisher=Parramón|location=Barcinonae|year=1995|isbn=84-342-1911-5}} * {{Cite book|author=Sampaolo, C. Loffredo|title=La cellula i tessuti gli organi: guida alle esercitazioni al microscopio|publisher=PICCIN|year=1979|isbn=9788821200106}} * {{Cite book|author=Thoms, Sven P.|title=Ursprung des Lebens|publisher=Fischer-kompakt|year=2005|isbn=978-3-596-16128-7}} * {{Cite book|author=Ude, Joachim, et Michael Koch|title=Die Zelle - Atlas der Ultrastruktur|edition=3a|publisher= Spektrum Akademischer Verlag|location=Heidelberg et Berolini|year=2002|isbn=3-8274-1173-4}} * {{Cite book|author=Zaman, Muhammad H.|title=Statistical Mechanics of Cellular Systems and Processes|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cantabrigiae|year=2009|isbn=9780521886086}} {{NexInt}} *[[Cellula canceria]] *[[Cellula glialis]] *[[Cellula praecursoria]] *[[Cellula plantarum]] *[[Cytologia]] *[[Embryologia]] *[[Membrana cellulae]] *[[Theoria cellularum]] *[[Textus (biologia)|Textus]] *[[Signum transductus]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Cell biology|biologiam cellularum}} * [http://www.cell.com/ Cell], periodicum scientificum (Anglice) * [http://www.nature.com/ncb/index.html Nature Cell Biology], biologia cellularum apud periodicum ''Nature'' (Anglice) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150409081232/http://www.cellsalive.com/ Cells Alive], sc. ''Cellulae Vivae'' (Anglice) * [http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/dossiers/doscel/accueil2.htm La Cellule animale], e CNRS (Francogallice) * [http://www.zytologie-online.net/ Zytologie Online], sc. Cytologica in rete (Theodisce) * Mitzi Perdue, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100428131247/http://www.eggscape.com/birds.htm Facts about Birds and Eggs]. [[Categoria:Cytologia]] [[Categoria:Embryologia]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Biologia}} kv1m3dzj3a9dysm5zuzg6ij9txth9fd 3965690 3965689 2026-06-20T00:36:21Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Anatomia cellularum */ nexus additur ad "Eucaryota" 3965690 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Plant_cell_structure_it.png|thumb|upright=1.2|Cellula]] '''Cellula''' est minima pars [[vita]]e [[eucaryot]]um sive [[bacterium|bacteriorum]] sive [[archaea|archaeorum]], et res quae omnes [[organismus|organismos]] notos efficit. Cellulae anno [[1665]] repertae sunt a [[Robertus Hookius|Roberto Hookio]], qui primus cognovit [[planta]]s cellulis constitutas esse. Cellula est minima structura qua res viva describitur, et saepe elementum vitae appellatur.<ref>Alberts & al. 2002: cap. 21, ubi, quomodo "cellular building blocks" ad [[embryo]]nes crescentes formandos moveant, disputatur. Parvae moleculae, sicut [[aminoacidum|aminoacida]], saepe "molecular building blocks" appellantur.</ref> Aliqui organismi, sicut plurima [[bacteria]], [[unicellularitas|unicellulares]] sunt (quippe qui in una cellula consistant); ceteri autem organismi, sicut [[homo|homines]], [[multicellularitas|multicellulares]] sunt. Hominibus sunt circa 100 "decies centena milia millionum" (10¹⁴) cellularum; magnitudo generalis cellulae 10&nbsp;[[micrometrum|µm]] est, et cellularum massa in genere 1&nbsp;[[nanogramma]] est. Maximae cellulae sunt circa 135&nbsp;µm in [[anterius cornu|anteriore cornu]] (vel anteriore columna vel cornu ventrali) [[medulla spinalis|medullae spinalis]], cum [[cellulae granulares]] in [[cerebellum|cerebello]], minimae cellulae, circa 4&nbsp;µm sint, et longissima cellula a [[pes|pedis]] digito ad inferiores [[truncus encephali|trunci encephali]] [[Neuron pseudounipolare|cellulas pseudounipolares]] extendi possit. Maximae cellulae notae sunt [[ovum|ova]] infertilia ''[[Struthio camelus|Struthionis cameli]]'', quae 3.3 librarum ponderis sunt.<ref>Campbell & al. 2006.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Eggs of hummingbird, hen, and ostrich.jpg|thumb|[[Ovum|Ova]] sunt cellulae: ovum parvi [[avis]] familiae [[Trochilidae|Trochilidarum]], ovum [[gallus|galli]], ovum ''[[Struthio camelus|Struthionis cameli]],'' maxima cellula.]] In animantibus superioribus, nonnullae cellulae similes quo ad structuram pertinet, et quae idem officium perficiunt, etenim multa [[textum (biologia)|texta]] varia [[membrum (anatomia)|membra]] [[corpus|corporis]] constituunt. == Anatomia cellularum == Sunt duo cellularum genera: [[eucaryota|eucaryotica]] et [[procaryota|procaryotica]]. Cellulae procaryoticae simpliciores et minores saepe sunt, sed cellulae eucaryoticae non modo maiores sunt sed paucae in texta item organa, systemata, membra, denique [[corpus (physicum)|corpus]] multae cellulae fingunt. === Cellulae procaryoticae === Intra cellulam procaryoticam sunt [[cytoplasma]], quod [[DNA]] et alimentum cellulae conhibet, [[ribosoma|ribosomata]], quae nova [[proteinum|proteina]] creant. Cellula duo genera DNA habere potest: DNA chromosomaticum, quod [[nucleoidum]] format, et [[plasmidum]], DNA rotundum extra [[chromosoma]]. Tegmen cellulae est murus cellularis, membrana plasmatica, et vasculum [[saccharum|saccharosum]]. Cellula uno aut multis [[flagellum|flagellis]] aut ciliis uti potest. [[Fasciculus:RBC micrograph.jpg|thumb|[[Erythrocytus|Erythrocyti]] sunt cellulae [[sanguis]], quae nullum [[nucleus (cellula)|nucleum]] habent. Minimae sunt cellularum hominis.]] === Cellulae eucaryoticae === Quamquam eucaryoticae cellulae similes procaryoticis, sunt multa discrimina inter eas. Cellulae eucaryoticae etiam cytoplasmatis, item [[alimentum|alimentorum]], [[DNA]], et [[ribosoma]]tum usitate utuntur. Nam [[Cytoplasma]] organella habet, quae multorum factorum necessariorum funguntur. [[Mitochondrium|Mitochondria]] saccharum in [[Adenosini triphosphatum|ATP]] convertunt, [[chloroplastis|chloroplastes]] lucem, aquam, et [[carbonii dioxidum]] in G3P (quod saccharum fit) convertunt. [[Apparatus Golgianus|Corpora Golgiana]], reticulum endoplasmaticum, [[lysosoma]]ta, et alia organella in systema endomembranae funguntur, portantia [[proteinum|proteina]] facta trans et ex cellula. DNA harum cellularum tegminis teguntur, et haec moles "[[nucleus cellulae|nucleum]]" vocatur. Hae cellulae a flagellis, [[cilium|ciliis]], aut molibus cytoplasmatis sui (pseudopodiae vocantur) tendendo movent. == Compages intracellularis == === Membrana cellularis === {{main|Membrana cellularis}} Membrana cellularis sive membrana plasmatis cellulae interiora cingit. === Cytosceletus === {{main|Cytosceletus}} Cytosceletus cellulae figuram ad locum tenet. === Organella === {{main|Organellum}} Organella sunt cellulae partes quibus functiones specificatae, per exemplum [[metabolismus|metabolismi]], insunt. ==== Nucleus cellulae ==== {{main|Nucleus cellulae}} Plerisque cellulis eukaryoticis de consuetudine singulares, quamquam aliis ''[[cellula anucleata|anucleatis]]'' nullus (per exemplum [[erythrocytus|erythrocytis]]), aliis ''[[cellula multinucleata|multinucleatis]]'' (per exemplum [[osteoclastis|osteoclastes]]) plures ''membrana nucleari'' circumdata nuclei, intra quos [[chromosoma]]ta gestatores informationis geneticae collocata, insunt. ==== Mitochondria et chloroplastes ==== {{main|Mitochondrium}} {{main|Chloroplastis}} In mitochondris chloroplastibusque cellulae energia generatur. ==== Reticulum endoplasmaticum ==== {{main|Reticulum endoplasmaticum}} Pro synthesi proteinarum reticulum endoplasmaticum systematem [[Tubulus (biologia)|tubulorum]], [[vesicula]]rum, [[Cisterna (biologia)|cisternarum]] in [[cellula]] eucaryotica format.. ==== Apparatus Golgianus ==== {{main|Apparatus Golgianus}} Post synthesin apparatus Golgianus [[macromolecula]]s, [[Proteinum|proteina]] et [[Lipidum|lipida]] et ante dimissionem et mutat et digerit et conligit. ==== Lysosomata et peroxisomata ==== {{main|Lysosoma}} {{main|Peroxisoma}} ==== Centrosomata ==== {{main|Centrosoma}} ==== Vacuola ==== {{main|Vacuolum}} Vacuola sunt membrana ([[Tonoplastis|tonoplasti]]) cincta organella liquorem continentes. ==== Ribosomata ==== {{main|Ribosomum}} Ribosomata rectius [[ARN]] macromoleculae sunt, ubi [[Translatio genetica|translatio]] sub proteinis certis magistro fit. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Hooke Microscope-03000276-FIG-4.jpg|thumb|[[Microscopium]] quo [[Robertus Hookius]] uti solebat.]] [[Robertus Hookius]] primus cellulas [[microscopium|microscopio]] invenit et eis nomen dedit, quod opinatus est cellulas [[planta]]rum similes esse cellulis aedium. Cellulas descripsit in [[liber|libro]] ''Micrographia sive physiologica descriptio minutiorum corporum microscopii ope observatorum,'' anno [[1665]] edito. [[Antonius van Leeuwenhoek]] et [[Ioannes Swammerdam]] paulo postea cellulas [[animal]]ium investigaverunt; ille [[bacterium|bacteria]] vidit, animalia unius tantum cellulae, quae animalculos nominavit. Anno fere [[1838]], Ioannes Purkyně, Gabriel Valentin, Ioannes Müller, Theodorus Schwann, et Mattheus Schleiden, viri docti [[Germania|Germanici]] et [[Cechia|Cechi]], theoriam cellularum enuntiaverunt, quae nunc in [[biologia]] vera habetur. Anno 1855 [[Rudolphus Virchow]] [[pathologia cellularis|''pathologiam cellularem'']] suam descripsit<ref>Virchow R.: ''Cellular-Pathologie''. In: ''Virchows Archiv''. tomus 8, 1855, pag. 3–39</ref>, quo argumentum morbos ope malorum cellularum emanare descripsit. [[Guglielmus Roux]] unitatem minimam vitae esse cellulam, quae totas ''functiones organismi basales'' - [[metabolismus|metabolismum]], [[motus|motum]], incrementum, [[procreatio]]nem, transmissionem [[informatio genetica|informationis geneticae]] - perficere possit, postulavit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Cite book | author = Alberts B., Johnson A., Lewis J., Raff M., Roberts K., Walter P. | title = Molecular Biology of the Cell | edition = 4a| publisher = Garland | year = 2002 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mboc4.TOC&depth=2 | isbn = 0815332181}} * {{Cite book| author= Berkaloff, André|title=La cellula: fisiologia|publisher=Edizioni scientifiche e tecniche Mondadori|year=2003}} * {{Cite book|author=Bolsover, Steven R.|title=Cell Biology: A Short Course|publisher=Wiley-Liss|location=Hoboken|year=2004|isbn=0471263931}} * Campbell, Neil A.; Brad Williamson; Robin J. Heyden (2006) ''Biology: Exploring Life.'' Pearson Prentice Hall. * {{Cite book |author=Cooper G. M. |title=The cell: a molecular approach | edition = 2a | publisher=ASM Press |location=Vasingtoniae |year=2000 |pages= |isbn=0-87893-102-3 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=cooper.TOC&depth=2 }} * {{Cite book |author=Goodsell, David S.|title=Wie Zellen funktionieren : Wirtschaft und Produktion in der molekularen Welt|edition=2a|publisher=Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag|location=Heidelberg|year=2010|isbn=978-3-8274-2453-2}} * {{Cite book | author = Lodish H., Berk A., Matsudaira P., Kaiser C. A., Krieger M., Scott M. P., Zipurksy SL, Darnell J | title = Molecular Cell Biology | edition = 5a | publisher=WH Freeman: Novi Eboraci | year = 2004 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=mcb.TOC|isbn= 978-0716743668}} * {{Cite book|author=Molina-Paris, Carmen, et Grant Lythe|title=Mathematical Models and Immune Cell Biology|publisher=Springer|location=Novi Eboraci|year=2011|isbn=9781441977250}} * {{Cite book|author=Munaron, Luca, et Davide Lovisolo|title=Fisiologia della cellula|publisher=Bollati Boringhieri|year=2003|isbn=9788833956961}} * {{Cite book|author=Nicolau i Pous, Francesc|title=La cèl·lula i la reproducció dels éssers vius| publisher=Fundació Catalunya Cristiana|location=Barcinonae|year=1987|pages=|isbn=84-398-9992-0}} * {{Cite book|author=Roca, Núria, Marta Serrano, Ferran Gibert, et Antonio Muñoz|title=La cèl·lula: l'origen de la vida|publisher=Parramón|location=Barcinonae|year=1995|isbn=84-342-1911-5}} * {{Cite book|author=Sampaolo, C. Loffredo|title=La cellula i tessuti gli organi: guida alle esercitazioni al microscopio|publisher=PICCIN|year=1979|isbn=9788821200106}} * {{Cite book|author=Thoms, Sven P.|title=Ursprung des Lebens|publisher=Fischer-kompakt|year=2005|isbn=978-3-596-16128-7}} * {{Cite book|author=Ude, Joachim, et Michael Koch|title=Die Zelle - Atlas der Ultrastruktur|edition=3a|publisher= Spektrum Akademischer Verlag|location=Heidelberg et Berolini|year=2002|isbn=3-8274-1173-4}} * {{Cite book|author=Zaman, Muhammad H.|title=Statistical Mechanics of Cellular Systems and Processes|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cantabrigiae|year=2009|isbn=9780521886086}} {{NexInt}} *[[Cellula canceria]] *[[Cellula glialis]] *[[Cellula praecursoria]] *[[Cellula plantarum]] *[[Cytologia]] *[[Embryologia]] *[[Membrana cellulae]] *[[Theoria cellularum]] *[[Textus (biologia)|Textus]] *[[Signum transductus]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Cell biology|biologiam cellularum}} * [http://www.cell.com/ Cell], periodicum scientificum (Anglice) * [http://www.nature.com/ncb/index.html Nature Cell Biology], biologia cellularum apud periodicum ''Nature'' (Anglice) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150409081232/http://www.cellsalive.com/ Cells Alive], sc. ''Cellulae Vivae'' (Anglice) * [http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/dossiers/doscel/accueil2.htm La Cellule animale], e CNRS (Francogallice) * [http://www.zytologie-online.net/ Zytologie Online], sc. Cytologica in rete (Theodisce) * Mitzi Perdue, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100428131247/http://www.eggscape.com/birds.htm Facts about Birds and Eggs]. [[Categoria:Cytologia]] [[Categoria:Embryologia]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Biologia}} c57s74eh1w4garsg2hjikpf6shne6pw 0 893 3965693 3514006 2026-06-20T00:42:31Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 additur nexus pro sensu tertio "rete" 3965693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{discretiva}} '''Rete''' ''{{victio|Rete|is|n}}'' significare potest: # [[Rete (instrumentum)]] # [[Rete aquaticum]], restis reticulata, a [[piscator]]ibus adhibita # Rete ({{dubsig|seu}} [[reticulum computatrale]]) est conexio [[computator]]um: ## '''Internet''' = [[Interrete]]. Interrete e multis [[computator|computatris]] constat, [[servus|servis]] et [[cliens (computatralis)|clientibus]]. [[Magister retis]] servum administrat. ## '''www''' est anglice [[abbreviatio]] quae latine '''ttt''' vertitur, pro ''[[tela totius terrae|tela totius Terrae]]''. ## '''LAN''' = Anglice ''Local Area Network'' quod "Rete areae localis" significat. ## '''WLAN''' = Anglice ''Wireless Local Area Network'' quod "Rete areae localis quod filis electricis caret" significat. # Rete [[televisio]]nis est multi canales conexi # ''[[Rete (pellicula)]]'' anno [[1976]] aperta est == Nexus externus == * http://www.google.com/intl/la/ (Google latine) 6gphfv6ek6ijfdsfrfx5nwdo9bdk7in 3965694 3965693 2026-06-20T00:50:19Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 quantum potui correxi sed nescio qui motus sunt consueti 3965694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{discretiva}} {{Latinitas|-3}} '''Rete''' ''{{victio|Rete|is|n}}'' significare potest: # [[Rete (instrumentum)]] # [[Rete aquaticum]], restis reticulata, a [[piscator]]ibus adhibita # Rete ({{dubsig|seu}} [[reticulum computatrale]]) est conexio [[computatrum|computatrorum]]: ## '''Internet''' = [[Interrete]]. Interrete e multis [[computator|computatris]] constat, {{dubsig|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|computatrum servens||qid=Q64729893}}}} et [[cliens (computatralis)|clientibus]]. [[Magister retis]] paginas administrat quae insunt computatro serventi. ## '''www''' est anglice [[abbreviatio]] quae latine '''ttt''' vertitur, pro ''[[tela totius terrae|tela totius Terrae]]''. ## '''LAN''' = Anglice ''Local Area Network'' quod "Rete areae localis" significat. ## '''WLAN''' = Anglice ''Wireless Local Area Network'' quod "Rete areae localis quod filis electricis caret" significat. # Rete [[televisio]]nis est multi canales conexi # ''[[Rete (pellicula)]]'' anno [[1976]] aperta est == Nexus externus == * http://www.google.com/intl/la/ (Google latine) aihpyffx2ut73bioglqvebgdyhz2tc4 3965695 3965694 2026-06-20T00:53:41Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 additur nexus ad Vicidatam; etiam aliquantulum clarificavi 3965695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{discretiva}} {{Latinitas|-3}} '''Rete''' ''{{victio|Rete|is|n}}'' significare potest: # [[Rete (instrumentum)]] # [[Rete aquaticum]], restis reticulata, a [[piscator]]ibus adhibita # Rete ({{dubsig|seu}} [[reticulum computatrale]]) est conexio [[computatrum|computatrorum]]: ## '''Internet''' = [[Interrete]]. Interrete e multis [[computator|computatris]] constat, {{dubsig|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|computatrum servens||qid=Q64729893}}}} et [[cliens (computatralis)|clientibus]]. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Magister retis||qid=Q41674}} regit [[situs interretialis|situm interretialem]] quae inest computatro serventi. ## '''www''' est anglice [[abbreviatio]] quae latine '''ttt''' vertitur, pro ''[[tela totius terrae|tela totius Terrae]]''. ## '''LAN''' = Anglice ''Local Area Network'' quod "Rete areae localis" significat. ## '''WLAN''' = Anglice ''Wireless Local Area Network'' quod "Rete areae localis quod filis electricis caret" significat. # Rete [[televisio]]nis est multi canales conexi # ''[[Rete (pellicula)]]'' anno [[1976]] aperta est == Nexus externus == * http://www.google.com/intl/la/ (Google latine) gkmqpqnec25wdkgpqwkr31wdsjre8w1 3965696 3965695 2026-06-20T00:54:25Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 minora 3965696 wikitext text/x-wiki {{discretiva}} {{Latinitas|-3}} '''Rete''' ''{{victio|Rete|is|n}}'' significare potest: # [[Rete (instrumentum)]] # [[Rete aquaticum]], restis reticulata, a [[piscator]]ibus adhibita # Rete ({{dubsig|seu}} [[reticulum computatrale]]) est conexio [[computatrum|computatrorum]]: ## '''Internet''' = [[Interrete]]. Interrete e multis [[computator|computatris]] constat, {{dubsig|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|computatrum serviens||qid=Q64729893}}}} et [[cliens (computatralis)|clientibus]]. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Magister retis||qid=Q41674}} regit [[situs interretialis|situm interretialem]] quae inest computatro servienti. ## '''www''' est anglice [[abbreviatio]] quae latine '''ttt''' vertitur, pro ''[[tela totius terrae|tela totius Terrae]]''. ## '''LAN''' = Anglice ''Local Area Network'' quod "Rete areae localis" significat. ## '''WLAN''' = Anglice ''Wireless Local Area Network'' quod "Rete areae localis quod filis electricis caret" significat. # Rete [[televisio]]nis est multi canales conexi # ''[[Rete (pellicula)]]'' anno [[1976]] aperta est == Nexus externus == * http://www.google.com/intl/la/ (Google latine) s2auqmf35ll9ztr3k99b7cfdowsgwfl 3965700 3965696 2026-06-20T01:23:07Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3965700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva}} {{res|Rete}} ({{pns|is|n|rete}}) significare potest: # '''[[Rete (instrumentum)]]''' # '''[[Rete aquaticum]]''', restis reticulata, a [[piscator]]ibus adhibita # '''[[Reticulum computatrale]]''' seu rete est conexio inter [[computatrum|computatra]]: ## '''Internet''' = '''[[Interrete]]'''. Interrete e multis [[computator|computatris]] constat, velut {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|computatrum serviens|computatris servientibus|qid=Q64729893}} et [[cliens (computatralis)|clientibus]]. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Magister retis||qid=Q41674}} [[situs interretialis|situm interretialem]] regit quae computatro servienti inest. ## '''www''' est Anglica [[abbreviatio]] quae Latine '''ttt''' vertitur, pro ''[[tela totius terrae|tela totius Terrae]]''. ## '''LAN''' = Anglice ''Local Area Network'' quod “Rete areae localis” significat. ## '''WLAN''' = Anglice ''Wireless Local Area Network'' quod “Rete areae localis filis electricis carens” significat. # Rete [[televisio]]nis est multi canales conexi # '''''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Network (pellicula)|Network|en|qid=Q572165}}''''', pellicula anno [[1976]] edita, nomine Anglico ‘Rete’ significante == Nexus externus == * http://www.google.com/intl/la/ (Google latine) jhtmd39sj2qsg17vzn1nwgrdzinerrt 0 2199 3965639 3728015 2026-06-19T16:23:38Z Johnsoniensis 65686 imago 3965639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[File:Manchester Town Hall from Lloyd St.jpg|thumb|Palatium municipalem]] '''Mancunium''',<ref>{{Graesse}}; {{Lexfons}}; F. Ferrari, [https://books.google.it/books?id=JTLXWupIlxgC&printsec=frontcover&hl=it&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=barium&f=false ''Lexicon geographicum'',] 1667</ref><ref>"Mancunium, -ii (n.)" in J. Riddle, T. Arnold ''A Copious and Critical English-Latin Lexicon'', London, 1847, revised C. Anthon, New York, 1849</ref> aevo Romano '''Mamucium'''<ref>{{Rivet}}; {{TIR BS}}. ''Mameceastra'', ''Mantio'', ''Manucium'' sunt formae aut erroneae aut minime Latinae.</ref><ref>"in bibliotheca urbis Manchestri Rylandiana": Otto Schroeder, ''Novae comoediae fragmenta in papyris reperta exceptis Menandreis. Kleine Texte für Vorlesungen und Übungen, 135'' (Bonnae: A. Marcus und E. Weber's Verlag, 1915), [https://archive.org/details/novaecomoediaefr00schruoft/page/58 p. 58], in commentario de manuscripto Pap. Ryland. 16.</ref> ([[lingua Anglica|Anglice]] ''Manchester''), est [[urbs]] in [[Anglia]] sita, ubi anno [[2001]] habitabant 422 300 incolarum. Mancunium, [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regni]] urbs secunda a maxima multitudine incolarum, medio in [[comitatus metropolitanus|comitatu metropolitano]] [[Mancunium Maius|Mancunio Maiore]] (''Greater Manchester'') iacet, qui comitatus 2&nbsp;438&nbsp;000 incolarum habet. == Cultura == [[Fasciculus:Manchester Cathedral.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia Cathedralis Mancuniensis]].]] Urbanae [[pediludium|pediludii]] societates sunt [[Mancunienses Uniti]] et [[Mancunium Urbs]]. Et in historia [[fabrica (officina)|fabrica]]s [[textum|texturae]] erant, ubi [[Fridericus Engels]] negotium factus fuit. == Clima == Sicut [[Britannia]]e fere omni, urbi Mancunio [[clima]] est [[Clima oceanicum|oceanicum]] per [[enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|enumerationem Köppen–Geiger]], in stationes quattuor divisum, [[aestas|aestatibus]] mitibus, [[hiems|hieme]] modice frigida; [[temperatura]] aëris media a mense Decembri ad Februarium 4.5° atque mensibus Iulio et Augusto 16.5°, minima inter 1.5° et 12.5°, maxima inter 7.5° et 20.5°, sed minima extrema usque hodie nota −13.5°, maxima extrema 33.7°; [[pluvia|pluviis]] mense Februario ad 51 mm tantum, mense Octobri ad 92 mm elevatis; diebus pluviosis per annum totum fere 143, nivosis fere 20 incidentibus; [[humiditas relativa|humiditate relativa]] inter mensuras 86% et 89% reperta, horis solis fulgentis mense Ianuario 52, mense Maio 188, per annum totum 1&nbsp;416 relatis.<ref>Res climatologicae e Vicipaedia Anglica extractae, fontibus fidei dignis ibi citatis.</ref> == Incolae notissimi == [[Fasciculus:Romeinse ruines (2).jpg|thumb|Situs castrorum Romanorum Mamucii, hodie ''Castlefield'']] * [[Iohannes Dee]], custos collegii et vir eruditus * [[Ioannes Dalton]], [[chemica]]e peritus, [[mathematicus]], [[physicus]] * [[David Lloyd George]], [[primus minister]] [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regni]] inter [[primum bellum mundanum]]<ref>Ad Chorlton super Medlock natus</ref> == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * "Mamucium" in {{Rivet}} pp. 409-410 * "Manchester" in {{TIR CGLL}} p. 54 * Raymond Holden, "[https://www.theguardian.com/cities/the-northerner/2016/jun/20/forgotten-neighbourhood-gorton-manchester-decline-urban-regeneration Dead-end street? Hard truths about life in a 'forgotten' Manchester neighbourhood]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (20 Iunii 2016) {{NexInt}} * [[Alanus Mathison Turing]] * [[Schola Mancuniensis]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Manchester|Mancunium}} {{grc|Μαγκούνιον}} {{Coord|53|28|N|2|14|W|display=title}} * {{Pleiades|http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/79590|Mamucio}} {{Myrias|Geographia}} [[Categoria:Mancunium| ]] [[Categoria:Sedes episcopales Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati comitatus Lancastriensis]] 619f1iv658x7x2pl65e3vcg5yf2gevs 0 2707 3965673 3911615 2026-06-19T21:00:37Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Pluto}} {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" align="right" |+'''Pluto''' [[file:Pluto symbol (large orb, bold).svg|16px|⯓]] |- | align="center" bgcolor="#000000" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Pluto in True Color - High-Res.jpg|frameless|Pluto (imagines a [[Speculatrum spatiale|Speculatro spatiali]] [[Novi Horizontes|Novis Horizontibus]] captae die [[13 Iulii]] [[2015]]]] |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Inventio |- ! align="left" | Inventus a | [[Clyde Tombaugh]] |- ! align="left" | Inventus anno | ''[[1930]]'' |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates orbitales |- ! align="left" | [[Axis semimaior]] | 30 [[Unitas astronomica|ua]] |- ! align="left" | [[Radius (geometria)|Radius]] | 4.500.000.000 [[chiliometrum|km]] |- ! align="left" | [[Perihelium]] | 4.436.824.613 km |- ! align="left" | [[Aphelium]] | 7.375.927.931 km |- ! align="left" | [[Eccentricitas]] | 0,248 807 66 |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus orbitalis]] | 238 a |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] | 52° |- ! align="left" | [[Satelles|Satellites]] | 4 |- ! align="left" | [[Satelles|Satellitum]] nomina | [[Charon (satelles)|Charon]]; [[Nix (satelles)|Nix]]; [[Hydra (satelles)|Hydra]]; [[Cerberus (satelles)|Cerberus]]; [[Styx (satelles)|Styx]] | |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates physicae |- ! align="left" | [[Diametrum]] | 2.320 km |- ! align="left" | [[Area (geometria)|Area]] | 2.800? [[chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |- ! align="left" | [[Massa]] | 1,25×10²² [[chiliogramma|kg]] |- ! align="left" | [[Densitas]] | 1,750 [[gramma|g]]/cm³ |- ! align="left" | [[Gravitas (physica)|Gravitas]] | [[Acceleratio|0,58 m/s²]] |- ! align="left" | [[Velocitas fugiendi]] | km/s |- ! align="left" | [[Periodus rotationis]] | 6 d |- ! align="left" | [[Inclinatio axialis]] | 115,60° |- ! align="left" | [[Albedo]] | 0,30 |- ! align="left" | [[Temperatura]] | {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" border="0" ! min ! med ! max |- | - [[Kelvin|K]] | 34 K | - K |} |- ! bgcolor="#ffc0c0" colspan="2" | Proprietates [[atmospherica]]e |- ! align="left" | [[Pressio atmosphaerica]] | [[Paschalis|kPa]] |- | [[Carbonium]] | % |- | [[Nitrogenium]] | % |- |} '''(134340) Pluto''' ({{pns|onis|m|Pluto}}; symboli [[File:Pluto symbol (large orb, fixed width).svg|16px|⯓]]<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/what-is-a-dwarf-planet |author= JPL/NASA |date= 2015-04-22 |website= Jet Propulsion Laboratory |title= What is a Dwarf Planet? |access-date= 2022-01-19}}</ref> vel [[File:Pluto monogram (fixed width).svg|16px|♇]]<ref>{{cite book |editor=John Lewis |date=2004 |title=Physics and chemistry of the solar system |edition= 2 |page=64 |publisher=Elsevier}}</ref>) usque ad mensem Augustum anni [[2006]] nonus nostri [[Systema solare|ordinis solaris]] [[planeta]] appellabatur, sed nunc, statu planetae omisso, maius [[OZK|obiectum zonae Kuiperi]] et idem [[planetula]] appellatur. Quod [[corpus caeleste]], a [[Clyde Tombaugh]] anno [[1930]] repertum, [[nomen proprium|nomen]] [[Pluto (deus)|dei Romani]] habet. Cum iam alia corpora caelestia similis [[magnitudo|magnitudinis]] novimus, quae ultra [[Neptunus (planeta)|Neptunum]] circa [[Sol]]em moventur, [[Institutum Astronomiae Interlationalis|Instituto Astronomiae Internationali]] placuit novam horum corporum categoriam instituere et huiusmodi corpora planetulas vocare. Plutoni est [[orbita]] eccentrica, quae magis inclinata ad lineam [[ecliptica]]m quam eae planetarum est. Pars orbitae eius propior Soli est [[Neptunus (planeta)|Neptuni]] orbita. Multis [[satelles|satellitibus]] vel [[luna|lunis]] in [[systema solare|systemate solari]] nostro minor, tamen inter planetulas hodie notos secundum magnitudine locum tenet. [[Fasciculus:PIA19697-Pluto-Animation-20150706-crop.gif|left|upright=0.8|thumb|'''Pluto''' (imagines a [[Speculatrum spatiale|Speculatro spatiali]] [[Novi Horizontes|Novis Horizontibus]] captae mense [[Iulio]] [[2015]])]] [[Speculatrum spatiale]] [[Novi Horizontes]] ([[Anglice]] ''New Horizons'') [[gravitatio]]nale auxilio fruitum est [[Iuppiter (planeta)|Iovem]] pridie Kalendas Martias anni [[2007]] supervolans, ut necessaria [[velocitas]] ad remotissimum Plutonem mense Iulio 2015 attingendum obtineatur. Plutonis imagines huius paginae a Novis Horizontibus a die [[28 Maii]] usque ad diem [[3 Iunii]] eiusdem anni captae sunt. == Topographica == [[Regio]] [[color]]e candida, [[oculus|oculis]] observatorum prominens, formá bilobata, die [[15 Iulii]] 2015 ad honorem primi repertoris [[regio Tombaughiana]] appellata est. ==Satellites== [[Fasciculus:Pluto-Charon system-new.gif|thumb|upright=1|Systema Pluto–[[Charon (satelles)|Charon]].]] * [[Charon (satelles)|Charon]], reperta anno [[1978]], diametri ca. 1200 [[chiliometrum|chiliometrorum]] * [[Nix (satelles)|Nix]] (P2), reperta anno [[2005]] per [[Hubble (telescopium)|spatii telescopium Hubble]], diametri inter 44 et 130 chiliometra * [[Hydra (satelles)|Hydra]] (P1), reperta anno 2005 per spatii telescopium Hubble, diametri inter 44 et 130 chiliometra * [[Cerberus (satelles)|Cerberus]], reperta anno [[2011]] per spatii telescopium Hubble, diametri inter 14 et 40 chiliometra * [[Styx (satelles)|Styx]], reperta anno [[2012]] per spatii telescopium Hubble, diametri inter 10 et 25 chiliometra ==Index cogniti obiectorum systematis plutonici== Ecce index cogniti obiectorum systematis plutonici: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right" |- ! Nomen || Diametri (km) || Massa<br />(10<small>²¹</small> kg) || Axis semimaior<br />(km) || Periodus orbitalis<br />(d) || Eccentricitas || Inclinatio orbitalis || Inventus anno |- | align="left" | [[Pluto (planetula)|Pluto]] || 2 306 ± 20 || 13,05 ± 0,07 || 2 390 || 6,387230 || 0 || — || 1930 |- | align="left" | [[Charon (satelles)|Charon]] || 1 205 ± 2 || 1,52 ± 0,06 || 17 181 ± 4 (*) || 6,387230 || 0 || 0,00° ± 0,014° || 1978 |- | align="left" | [[Nix (satelles)|Nix]] || 44 - 130 || < 0,005 || 48 675 ± 120 || 24,856 ± 0,001 || 0,002 || 0,04° ± 0,22° || 2005 |- | align="left" | [[Cerberus (satelles)|Cerberus]] || 14 - 40 || || 52 000 ± 2 000 || 32,1 ± 0,3 || ~0 || ~0° || 2011 |- | align="left" | [[Styx (satelles)|Styx]] || 10 - 25 || || 2 016 155 ± 27 || ~0 || ~0 || 0,8 ± 0,16° || 2012 |- | align="left" | [[Hydra (satelles)|Hydra]] || 44 - 130 || < 0,005 || 64 780 ± 90 || 38,206 ± 0,001 || 0,005 || 0,22° ± 0,12° || 2005 |} (*) Medium spatium inter Plutonem et Charontem 19571 ± 4 km est. Fontes: ''New Constraints on Additional Satellites of the Pluto System''<ref>A. J. Steffl, M. J. Mutchler, H. A. Weaver, S. A. Stern, D. D. Durda, D. Terrell, W. J. Merline, L. A. Young, E. F. Young, M. W. Buie, et J. R. Spencer, New Constraints on Additional Satellites of the Pluto System, ''Astronomical Journal'' (2005) [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0511837].</ref> et ''Orbits and photometry of Pluto's satellites: Charon, S/2005 P1 and S/2005 P2''.<ref>M. W. Buie, W. M. Grundy, E. F. Young, L. A. Young, et S. A. Stern, ''Orbits and photometry of Pluto's satellites: Charon, S/2005 P1 and S/2005 P2'' (2005) [http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0512491].</ref> ==Notae== [[Fasciculus:Pluto Earth Moon Comparison.png|thumb|[[Magnitudo|Magnitudines]] propriae: [[Tellus]], [[Luna]], et '''Pluto''']] <references/> == Bibliographia == * T. Bertrand et al., "[https://web.archive.org/web/20200211122324/https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2019JE006120 Pluto's Beating Heart Regulates the Atmospheric Circulation: Results From High‐Resolution and Multiyear Numerical Climate Simulations]" in ''JGR Planets'' (4 Februarii 2020) * S. A. Stern, D. J. Thole, ''Pluto and Charon.'' Tucsoniae: University of Arizona Press, 1997. ISBN 9780816518401. {{NexInt}} * [[Corpora transneptuniana]] * [[Planeta IX]] ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|134340 Pluto|134340 Plutonem}} * [[Radio Bremen]] mense Iulio et Augusti 2006: [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930220942/http://www.radiobremen.de/nachrichten/latein/index.php3?sendedatum=2006-09-01 "Pluto non iam planeta."] * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20151107081306/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/plutofact.html Pluto fact sheet]" apud [[NASA]]. * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170212203653/https://www.nasa.gov/feature/new-horizons-map-of-pluto-the-whale-and-the-donut/ New Horizons Map of Pluto: The Whale and the Donut]" apud [[NASA]]. * "[https://phys.org/news/2017-09-pluto-features.html Pluto features given first official names]" (7 Septembris 2017) apud ''Phys.org''. * "[http://www.scientificamerican.com/video/a-day-on-pluto-reconstructed-from-new-horizons-images/ A Day on Pluto Reconstructed from New Horizons Images]" apud ''[[Scientific American]]''. * "[https://phys.org/news/2018-07-global-pluto-charon-nasa-horizons.html First global maps of Pluto and Charon from NASA's New Horizons mission published]" (10 Iulii 2018) apud ''Phys.org''. * Rogers, Adam. [[2015]]. [http://www.wired.com/2015/07/new-nerdy-mythology-plutos-place-names/ "The new, nerdy mythology of Pluto's place names."] ''Wired.com,'' Iulio 2015. {{Systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Corpora astronomica speculatris visitata]] [[Categoria:Pluto|!]] {{Myrias|Physica}} k1pvy3zegac6f4xury88hqrczo4d7t6 0 5919 3965726 3927278 2026-06-20T09:37:07Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965726 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Royal Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg|thumb|[[Vexillum]] regum Scotorum usque ad annum [[1603]].]]<!-- == Reges Pictorum ==--> == Reges Scotorum == === Reges Dalrietae === {{div col|cols=2}} * [[500]]–[[501]] [[Fergusius I Dalrietae|Fergusius I]] * [[501]]–[[507]] [[Dongardus I Dalrietae|Dongardus I]] * [[507]]–[[538]] [[Congallus I Dalrietae|Congallus I]] (Vulgo ''Congall'') * [[538]]–[[558]] [[Goranus Dalrietae|Goranus]] * [[558]]–[[574]] [[Congallus II Dalrietae|Congallus II]] (Vulgo ''Conall'') * [[574]]–[[608]] [[Aidanus Dalrietae|Aidanus]] * [[608]]–[[629]] [[Eochodius I Dalrietae|Eochodius I]] * [[629]] [[Kinnatellus Dalrietae|Kinnatellus]] * [[629]]–[[642]] [[Duvenaldus I Dalrietae|Duvenaldus I]] seu Donaldus * [[642]]–[[650]] [[Ferchardus I Dalrietae|Ferchardus I]] * [[650]]–[[654]] ''Dunchad'' (Donaldus??) * [[650]]–[[660]] [[Congallus III Dalrietae|Congallus III]] (Vulgo ''Conall'') * [[660]]–[[673]] [[Dongardus II Dalrietae|Dongardus II]] * [[673]]–[[688]] [[Malduinus Dalrietae|Malduinus]] * [[688]]–[[695]] [[Duvenaldus II Dalrietae|Duvenaldus II]] seu Donaldus * [[695]]–[[697]] [[Ferchardus II Dalrietae|Ferchardus II]] * [[697]] [[Eochodius II Dalrietae|Eochodius II]] * [[697]]–[[698]] [[Amberkelethus Dalrietae|Amberkelethus]] * [[698]]–[[700]] ''Fiannamail'' (Etfinus? Fergusius?) * [[700]]–[[723]] [[Solvathius Dalrietae|Solvathius]] * [[723]]–[[726]] [[Dongallus Dalrietae|Dongallus]] * [[726]]–[[733]] [[Eochodius III Dalrietae|Eochodius III]] * [[733]] [[Alpinus I Dalrietae|Alpinus I]] * [[733]]–[[736]] [[Mordacus Dalrietae|Mordacus]] * [[736]]–[[739]] [[Eugenius Dalrietae|Eugenius]] * [[739]]–[[778]] [[Ethus I Dalrietae|Ethus I]] seu Edus * [[778]]–[[781]] [[Fergusius II Dalrietae|Fergusius II]] * [[781]] [[Eochodius IV Dalrietae|Eochodius IV]] * [[781]]–[[820]] [[Constantinus I Dalrietae]] * [[820]]–[[834]] [[Oengus Dalrietae|Oengus]] * [[834]]–[[837]] [[Durstus Dalrietae|Durstus]] * [[837]]–[[839]] ''Eoganan '' (Eugenius? → dim. Lat.) * [[839]]–[[841]] [[Alpinus II Dalrietae|Alpinus II]] * [[841]]–[[843]] [[Cinadius I Scotorum|Cinadius filius Alpini]] rex Dalrietae (in alias huius nominis figuras, legas s.v. [[Kennethus]]) {{div col end}} Hinc regnum Dalrieta cum Regno Pictaviae coniungitur in Regnum unitum Scotiae, nomine (lingua indigena) ''Alba''. Numeratio regum ex integro adsumitur. === Domus Alpini === {{div col|cols=2}} * [[843]]–[[858]] [[Cinadius I Scotorum|Cinadius filius Alpini]], sive Kinadius, rex Scotorum * [[858]]–[[862]] [[Donaldus I Scotorum|Donaldus I]] (sive Duvenaldus, Donivaldus) * [[862]]–[[877]] [[Constantinus I Scotorum|Constantinus I]] * [[877]]–[[287]] [[Ethus]] Alipes (sive Edus, vulgo ''Aedh'') * [[878]]–[[889]] [[Eochodius I Scotorum|Eochodius I]] & [[Gregorius I Scotorum|Gregorius]] (sive Ciricius, vulgo ''Giric'') * [[889]]–[[900]] [[Donaldus II Scotorum|Duvenaldus II]] * [[900]]–[[943]] [[Constantinus II Scotorum|Constantinus II]] * [[943]]–[[954]] [[Milcolumbus I Scotorum|Milcolumbus]] seu Malcolumbus * [[954]]–[[962]] [[Indulfus]] * [[962]]–[[966]] [[Duffus I]] sive "Niger" * [[966]]–[[971]] [[Culenus]] sive Caniculus * [[971]]–[[995]] [[Cinadius II]] * [[995]]–[[997]] [[Constantinus III Scotorum|Constantinus III]] * [[997]]–[[1005]] [[Cinadius III]] * [[1005]]–[[1034]] [[Milcolumbus II]] * [[1034]]–[[1040]] [[Duncanus I Scotorum|Duncanus]] sive Dunecanus * [[1040]]–[[1057]] [[Macbethus I Scotorum|Macbethus]] * [[1057]]–[[1058]] ''Lulach'' {{div col end}} === Domus Dunkeldae === {{div col|cols=2}} *[[1058]]–[[1093]] [[Milcolumbus III Scotorum|Milcolumbus III]] "Caput Magnum" *[[1093]]–[[1094]] [[Donaldus III Scotorum|Donaldus III]] "Candidus" et [[Edmundus Scotorum|Edmundus]] *[[1094]] [[Duncanus II]] *[[1094]]–[[1097]] [[Donaldus III Scotorum|Donaldus III]] et [[Edmundus Scotorum|Edmundus]] *[[1097]]–[[1107]] [[Edgarus I Scotorum|Edgarus]] *[[1107]]–[[1124]] [[Alexander I Scotorum|Alexander I]] *[[1124]]–[[1153]] [[David I Scotorum|David]] *[[1053]]–[[1165]] [[Milcolumbus IV Scotorum|Milcolumbus IV]] *[[1165]]–[[1214]] [[Gulielmus I Scotorum|Gulielmus I]] (ita scriptum apud [[Georgius Buchananus|Buchananum]]) *[[1214]]–[[1249]] [[Alexander II Scotorum|Alexander II]] *[[1249]]–[[1286]] [[Alexander III Scotorum|Alexander III]] *[[1286]]–[[1290]] [[Margarita (regina Scotiae)|Margarita]] {{div col end}} ===Domus Balliola=== *[[1292]]–[[1296]] [[Ioannes Balliolus]] ===Interregnum=== === Domus Brussia === * [[1306]]–[[1329]] [[Robertus Brussius]] * [[1329]]–[[1371]] [[David II Brussius]] === Domus Stuarta === {{div col|cols=2}} * [[1371]]–[[1390]] [[Robertus II Scotorum|Robertus II]] * [[1390]]–[[1406]] [[Robertus III Scotorum|Robertus III]] * [[1406]]–[[1437]] [[Iacobus I Scotorum|Iacobus I]] * [[1437]]–[[1460]] [[Iacobus II Scotorum|Iacobus II]] * [[1460]]–[[1488]] [[Iacobus III Scotorum|Iacobus III]] * [[1488]]–[[1513]] [[Iacobus IV Scotorum|Iacobus IV]] * [[1513]]–[[1542]] [[Iacobus V Scotorum|Iacobus V]] * [[1542]]–[[1567]] [[Maria I Scotorum|Maria I]] * [[1567]]–[[1625]] [[Iacobus I (rex Anglicus)|Iacobus VI]] * 1625-1649 [[Carolus I (rex Anglicus)|Carolus I]] * Interregnum post [[Bellum Civile Anglicum]] 1649-1660 * 1660-1685 [[Carolus II (rex Anglicus)|Carolus II]] * 1685-1689 [[Iacobus II (rex Anglicus)|Iacobus VII]] * 1689-1702/1694 [[Gulielmus III (rex Anglicus)|Gulielmus II]] et [[Maria II (regina Anglica)|Maria II]] * 1702-1714 [[Anna (regina Anglica)|Anna]] {{div col end}} Anno [[1707]] regnum Scotorum cum [[Anglia]] iungitur. Vide [[Index Regum Britanniae Britanniarumque|indicem Regum Regni Britanniarum]]. == Bibliographia & Fontes == Figuras nominum praesertim accepi<!--QVIS SVM?--> quas apparent in hisce fontibus: *Exeuntis Saeculi 10, ''[[Chronica de Origine Antiquorum Pictorum]]'' ([https://web.archive.org/web/20080327020941/http://www.mimas.ac.uk/~zzalsaw2/pictish.html textus]) *[[1582]], [[Georgius Buchananus|Buchanani]] ''Rerum Scoticarum Historia'' ([http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/scothist/ textus] [[Categoria:Reges Scotiae|!]] [[Categoria:Reges Reginaeque Britanniae|!]] [[Categoria:Indices ducum civitatum|Scotia]] 36z2hs4dh7akxb9np4jdmz74qkqq9zy 0 16723 3965678 3942851 2026-06-19T22:12:15Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{FA stella}} {{Capsa ludi | titulus = Pong cervisiale | subtitulus = Ludus bibendi | imago = [[Fasciculus:Beer Pong Scene.jpg|300px]] | descriptio = Altera turma pocula sua iam ordinavit, altera adhuc ordinat. | lusores = 4 (duae turmae lusorum duorum) | diuturnitas_praeparationis = Brevissima | diuturnitas_ludi = 15-30 minutae | materiae = [[Mensa]], [[poculum|pocula]], [[pila|pilulae]] | signum_vacuum = Alcohol | datum_vacuum = [[Cervesia]] }} '''Pong cervisiale,'''{{convertimus}} sive '''Berytus''' ([[Anglice]] ''[[:en:Beer pong|beer pong]]''), est [[ludus]] [[ludus potatorius|potatorius]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americanus]], qui ab turmis duobus luditur quibus ambobus sunt duo lusores, cuius ratio est [[pila]]m [[tenniludium|tenniludio]] [[lusus pilae mensalis|mensali]] aptam in pocula turmae adversae cum [[cervisia]] impleta iacere. Pila in poculum mersa, turmae iacienti punctum tribuetur, poculum removetur, et cervisia bibenda est uno lusori e turma altera. Omnibus poculis turmae bibitis, altera vincit. Etiamsi est pila ipsa quae in cervisia immergitur, per [[hypallage]]n, est poculum quod esse "mersum" dicunt. Ratio ludendi est simplicior, nihilominus pong cervisialium sunt varietates multae, quarum regulae maxima parte universales, sed singulas inter regiones vel domos differunt, fortasse duas domos in eodem vico. Hae appellantur ''[[regulae domesticae]].'' Annis recentibus, pong cervisiale fiebat ludus potatorius apud [[schola]]s et [[universitas|universitates]] Americanas gratissimus.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=534056 Pagina ex] ''[http://www.jsonline.com Journal Sentinel],'' [[21 Novembris]] [[2006]].</ref> == De nomine == Late appellant mensualem pilae lusum<ref>{{TraupmanConvLat|37}}.</ref> et eius [[pila]]m ambas ''[[Ping-Pong]]'' ([[IPA]]: [pɪŋ pɔŋ]) ad finem [[saeculum 19|saeculi undevicensimi]] ob [[onomatopoeia]]m soni cum remi pilas percutunt. [[J. Jaques & Son Ltd]] [[signum mercatorium]] fecit anno [[1901]], et deinde [[ius|iura]] [[Parker Brothers|Fratribus Parker]] vendiderunt. Ut [[Xerox]], et [[Coca-Cola]], quorum nomina omnibus operis in suo genere similibus dantur, sicut nomen ''Ping-Pong'' omnibus exemplaribus pilarum tenniludio mensali aptarum. Scilicet, nomen ''pong cervisiale'' est nomen [[verbum compositum|compositum]], conversum ex verbis [[lingua Anglica|Anglicis]] ''[[:en:wikt:beer|beer]]'' et ''[[:en:wikt:Ping-Pong|Ping-Pong]],'' titulum faciens brevem iucundumque, ''beer pong.'' Nomen ''Berytus'' refert [[bellum]] illud civile in [[Libanus|Libano]] [[decennium 198|decennio 1980]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081225174617/http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2004/11/19/opinion/11525.shtml On language, Princeton style: The history of 'Beirut']de ''[http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/ The Daily Princetonian], ephemere [[Universitas Princetoniensis|Universitatis Princetoniensis]]</ref> in quo [[missile mortararium|missilia mortararia]] in caput Berytum nonnumquam iaciebantur. Ita hoc nomen multis Libanis, vel qui Libanis commiserantur, displicit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060909084124/http://www.tsl.pomona.edu/index.php?article=1247 Sententia] discipulae [[Libanus|Libanae]] apud [http://www.pomona.edu/ Universitatem Pomonam] in [[California]], [[CFA]].</ref> In demiscopia, a ''[http://www.collegehumor.com Collegehumor.com]'' acta, 77 centesimae se ''beer pong'' ante ''Berytum'' praeferre dixerunt.<ref>[http://www.collegehumor.com/pongmap Charta apud Collegehumor.com, nomina Pong cervisialis] per [[CFA]].</ref> == De originibus == Secundum paginam in actuum [[Universitas Princetoniensis|Universitatis Princetoniensis]] diurno, nomine ''The Daily Princetonian]'' (id est [scilicet ''Ephemeris''] 'Princetoniensis Cotidiana'),<ref>[http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/ The Daily Princetonian].</ref> scripto, pong cervisiale progressum est ab ludo simili qui autem cum remiculis luditur, ut in luso pilae mensualis solito. Fabulae sunt duae de creatore eius ipso: Prima dicit fratrem [[fraternitas|fraternitatis]] [[Theta Delta Chi]] [[Universitas Lehighesnsis|Universitatis Lehighensis]]<ref>Secundum bibliothecarium Ilhan Citak [[20 Decembris]] [[2006]], Universitatis Lehighensis numquam nomen Latinum adhibebat. Mos autem solitissimus in Universitates nominando est radicem cum suffixo ''-ensis'' coniugere, ut fecimus. Anglice Universitas appellatur ''Lehigh''. Vide [[VP:TNP]].</ref> anno [[1983]], postquam ludum similem actum esse apud [[Universitas Bucknellensis|Universitatem Bucknellensem]] vidisset.<ref name="pagprin">[https://web.archive.org/web/20081225174617/http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2004/11/19/opinion/11525.shtml Pagina de ''The Daily Princetonian'']</ref> Altera autem fratrem fraternitatis [[Sigma Nu]], etiam apud Universitatem Lehigh, anno [[1986]], omnibus remis domi fractis, ad hoc pong cervisiale creasse.<ref name="pagprin" /> == Singula ludi == === De campo ludendi === [[Fasciculus:Beerpong.png|thumb|300px|Area ludendi in mensuris [[metrum|metris]]]] Locus primus ludendi scilicet fuit in mensa luso pilae mensuali apta, at superficies qualibet sat plana et magna ut in qua duo triangula sex poculorum ponantur cum spatio inter ea paucorum pedum, pong cervisiale perfacile ludatur. Solent ludi in mensa circa 1.5[[metrum|m]] X 2.75[[metrum|m]] magnitudine. Qui saepius ludent, nonnumquam mensas suas aedificant. Hae solent vel [[imago|imaginibus]] [[ars|artisticis]] vel symbolis [[Universitas|Universitatum]], turmis [[ludus athleticus|athleticis]], aut fraternitatibus ornari. Discipuli in dormitoriis apud Universitates saepe suas portas zotheculae e cardinibus ad eas pro luso adhibendas removent.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930042002/http://www.shadypenguin.com/HOWTO_beerpong.htm Shadypenguin.com] Quomodo mensam pong cervisiali aptam facias.</ref> === Pocula === Pocula vulgata et praelata sunt vel ''[[Solo pocula|Solo]]'' vel ''[[Dixie pocula|Dixie]],'' quorum copia est sedecim unciae. In his sunt dorsa ad fundum, quibus accurate meteris quattuor uncias, ut pyxis cervisiae stannea, quae duodecim uncias continet, in tres pocula aequale impleatur. Saepissime pong cervisiale luditur cum sex poculis eidem turmae, quae in forma [[numerus triangularis|numeri triangularis]] ponentur, ita (3-2-1), tamen etiam cum decem poculis (4-3-2-1), ut orae omnium poculorum se tangunt. Minore cum crebritate, formae hexagonales (2-3-2), et (1-2-3-2-1) adhibentur. Etiam eidem lateri sunt pocula, cum [[aqua]] tepida vel calida impleta, in quibus pilas submergas ad eas lavandas. === Cervisiae === Qualibet [[cervisia]], vel umor alcoholicus potest in pong cervisiali usurpari. Plerumque cervisias claras et haud caras implent, cum 3.2%-5.9% [[alcohol]]e per copiam, quia multae certe bibantur.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070609194825/http://hbd.org/brewery/library/AlClbinger.html Index cervisiarum secundum alcoholis copiam ordinatus] apud ''[http://hbd.org Hbd.org]''</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070607004542/http://www.realbeer.com/edu/health/calories.php Alterus index] apud ''[http://www.realbeer.com Realbeer.com].''</ref> Si turma cum sex poculis ludit, duae [[pyxis|pyxides]] cervisiae, cum decem poculis tres pyxides effunduntur. Saepe si decem pocula adhibentur, tres pyxides effunduntur in novem pocula, et, in 10um, pyxis plena. Illud appellatur "poculum pecuniale", vel "navis martialis." == Regulae == Nota bene regulas hic explicatas summarium repraesentare. Non sunt regulae "officiales"; immo, saepius hae inter domos differunt. === Possessio prima === Domi domini semper ius possessionis primae tenent. Saepe etiam, si turma duarum puellarum facta est, eis possessio prima libentissime dantur. Si turmae sunt aequiores statu, aliae rationes constituendi agendae. In ratione vulgissima lusores duos invicem oculos fixos in se intendentes pilas in pocula iaciunt. Primi turma lusoris qui pilam submergit, possessionem primam obtinet. Nonnumquam ludum agunt sicut [[micatio Sinensis|lapis, charta, forfex]] vel sicut in aliis certaminibus athleticis [[nummus|nummum]] sicut [[alea]] vertunt. Infrequentius ludum [[sors|sortes]] coniciendi. === De oppugnando === [[Fasciculus:beerpong_shots.png|300px|thumb|Via solita pro tribus rationibus iaciendi solitis.]] Iacens coram adversarios stat, et, vel [[Cubitum (anatomia)|cubito]] vel pila ipsa non praeter finem in momento iactus extenso, in pocula manus destinat, et pilam solvit. Deinde sodalis iacet. Si ambo destinatum inveniunt, lege subter de [[Pong cervisiale#Pilae retractae|regula pilarum retractarum]]. Nisi pilae in posessionem alterae turmae eunt. Sunt tres rationes oppugnandi solitae: # <span style="color:red;">Ictus arcuans</span> qui est solitissimus ut pilae est occasio de poculi labro desiliendi minor. # <span style="color:blue;">Ictus celer</span> qui nonnumquam usurpatur ad mentes adversariorum irritandas, vel si iacientis mens est ipsa irata. <br />Lege subter de [[Pong cervisiale#Defensio psychica|defensione psychica]]. # <span style="color:green;">Ictus resiliens</span> qui est utiles ob duas causas:<br /> Si pila ex mensae facie resiluit, minore cum [[celeritas|celeritate]] ibit. Ergo, ut cum ictibus arcuantibus, minus est probabile ut pila de labro desiliat.<br /> Etiam, lusor potest locum in mensa recordari ex quo pila fere semper in pocula volabit, quasi [[quadrum]] in tabula super [[rete|reticulo]] in [[corbifollis lusus|corbifollis luso]]. Ictus resiliens est solus ictus quo duo pocula removuntur. Poculum quo pila est mersa, et alterum quod turma perdens eligit removenda sunt. Persaepe regulae dicunt [[cubitum (anatomia)|cubita]] lusoris iacientis non praeter oram mensae ostendenda. Plerumque regulae satis sunt molles, ut ordinem qua lusores pilam iaciunt non determinent, et lusor ictum collegae assumat, si forte is in latrinam vel quacumque alterum ierit, et spatium [[tempus|temporis]] quo lusoribus iaciiaciunt est non definiant. At sicut semper, regulae inter domos differunt. Si in poculum, non e tabula remotum prius altera pila mersa fieri quam possit, etiam pila mersa est, ludus vinctus est. ==== Pilae retractae ==== Si ambo lusores turmae pilas in vici una submerserunt, eis esto ictus novi, saepe appellati ''pilae retractae'', ''rollbacks'' (''[[:en:wikt:roll#verb|roll]]'' = vertere, ''[[:en:wikt:back#adverb|back]]'' = re), ''ralbacks'' (eadem etymologia, vulga in [[dialectos|dialectis]] in [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]] dictis), ''dubs'' (de ''"[[:en:wikt:double#adverb|double]]"'' = dupliciter), vel ''[[:en:wikt:snake eyes|snake eyes]]'' ([[oculus|oculi]] [[serpens|serpentis]], de visu duorum [[1 (numerus)|1]] in [[alea|aleis]] iactis). Saepe turmae sua pocula reordinare non licet si altera retractationem meruit. Turma potest pilas retractare ad infinitum, ergo ludus brevissimus octo ictus cunctos videbit, ita sex ictus primae turmae (tres vices, in omnibus cum pilis retractis), et duo ictus alterae turmae, nam ei est ius refutandi). In veritate, autem, hoc perrarissime occidit. ==== De poculorum reordinatione ==== [[Fasciculus:beerpong_reracks.png|thumb|Figurae poculorum solitissimae. [[10 (numerus)|Decem]] et [[6 (numerus)|sex]] solent esse formae primae, et pocula reordinantur in figuris 4, 3, 2 in modo depicto.]] Si cum [[10 (numerus)|decem]] poculis luditur, bis turmis licet pocula reordinare, cum [[6 (numerus)|sex]] autem semel. Si luditur cum decem, solent reordinari quattuor remotis, et deinde, in una trium rationum: * '''[[4 (numerus)|4]]''' - [[rhombus]] * '''[[3 (numerus)|3]]''' - [[triangulum]] * '''[[2 (numerus)|2]]''' - linea recta Haec sunt figurae solitae, sed turmae possunt quamlibet figuram postulare. Fere semper, etiamsi turma pocula iamiam reordinaverit, aut regulae pocula reordinari non permittunt, ultima ad oram mensae tractari et in media poni potest. * '''[[1 (numerus)|1]]''' - motus pro comitate Altera regula solita dicit turmas non potere pocula reordinare, ictibus turmae in progressu. === De defendendo === ==== Defensio psychica ==== Maior pars defensionis est "[[sermo stercoralis]]", id est maledicere et deridere, ut in [[mens|mentibus]] adversariorum cogitationes intentionesque ruas. Cum pilis, iniurias contumeliasque lusores defendentes oppugnantibus iacere solent, et asperas facetias dicere. Una frequentior est quasi "Valde sitio, quando tute pilam submerseris, ut cervisiae bibam?" Feminae solent statum sumere blande ut [[oculus|oculos]] adversariorum deerrent. [[Manus]] quassentur super poculis, si pilam non deflectent. Omnibus figuris tantorum conviciorum solet licere, tamdiu non nimis sint molestae. ==== Obstructio ==== Si regulae lusores sinunt pilam resiliri, altera turma pilam resilientem depalment. Caveat lusor depalmans, ne poculum sternat, inde culpam accepturus sit. Saepe haec culpa iactum postulat iterum, vel, gravius, poculi ammisionem. Similis culpa accipitur si lusor obstruit pilam directe iactam. Si lusor forte [[corpus|corpore]] cum [[organum|parte]] iactum aliae turmae adiuvet, dicitur esse Parcibus datum. Lusor inde irridebitur. ==== Aspiratio et contactus ==== Si circum cursum orae poculi pila et solum dum verset, nonnumquam regulae sinunt ut lusores pilam extrahere temptent. Saepissime regulae hoc ius dant feminis solis. His casibus, licet mulieribus in pila aspirare, et, si bene fecerint, columna [[aer]]is expulsa expellet ex poculo pilam. [[Anglice]], titulus huic regulae est ''only girls blow'' 'feminae solum aspirant', quod sermone vulgari ''"[[:en:wikt:blow#Verb|to blow]]"'' [[Latine]] significat "[[:wikt:aspirare|aspirare]]" (victionarii definitio 1) et "[[:wikt:fellare|fellare]]" (victionarii definitio octava). In [[Nova Caesarea]], nonnumquam licet viribus [[digitus|digitis]] pilam extrahere, ut, in modo simili regulae super explicatae, solent viri digitis uti ad [[genitalia]] mulierum stimulanda.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060908004224/http://www.nbpl.net/rulesno5.html De rebus prohibitis] Foederis Americani Nationalis pro Pong Cervisiali.</ref> Etiam in locis quo haec regula iuris littera adhibeatur, consuetudine contemnitur, et viri qui temptant irriduntur.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060908004236/http://www.nbpl.net/rulesno.html Etiam de regulis prohibitis]</ref>. === De ludum vincendo === Fere semper, et in omnibus locis, certamina Pong cervisialis, turmae pilis in poculum ultimum omnibus mersis, non iam concludentur. Turma quae perdisse videtur etiam occasionem refutandi tenet, qua necesse est in vice una omnia pocula relicta immergere. Si potest, ludus dicitur aequus esse. Per hanc regulam et regulam pilarum retractarum, turma theoretice damnum 6–0 ad ludum aequum 6&n dash;6 invertat una vice. Exceptio huius regulae una venit si turma prima ambas pilas in ultima poculum immergit. Eventus ex hac per casas differunt: alii dicunt duas pilas immergendas in unum poculum etiam turmae alterae priusquam ludus continuetur, alii dicunt ludum finitum esse, turmamque primam victorem. Si ludus aequaliter agitur, saepe in tempus subsecivum praeterit. ==== Tempus subsecivum ==== Solet ludi solis cum tribus poculis. Regula [[Pong cervisiale#Pilae retractae|pilarum retractarum]] sed non [[Pong cervisiale#De poculorum reordinatione|poculorum reoordinationis]] pertinet. ==== Finis ==== [[Fasciculus:Beer_pong_ref.jpg|thumb|200px|Arbiter arbitrans ludo in progressu.]] Ludo concluso, lusoribus perdentibus omnia pocula relicta solent esse bibenda. Tamen, turma vincens illa victoribus dari postulet, vel si copia cervisiae parva est, nonnumquam cervisia ad ludum proximum conservatur. <!--===Fouls and misconduct=== If a player or players knocks over one or more of their own cups, each cup that has been knocked over is removed from the game, and for most purposes counts as a score against the team who performed the foul. If a player's elbow or hand is deemed to be too far over the table, it can be ruled as a "leaning" foul. In this situation, there are two possible remedies: a re-do of the shot, or a loss of shot. Due to the likelihood of physical and/or verbal disagreements following an after-the-fact "lean" accusation, it is highly encouraged to recognize and remedy this foul before the guilty player commits to the shot. It is common courtesy, however, to disallow celebrity shots when there is one cup left as it will be a deciding factor. ==Impact on High Schools== Despite the illegal nature of teen drinking in the United States, Beer Pong is played nationwide by high school students. There is quite a difference in the American cultural attitude concerning alcohol use by [[high school]]-aged [[teenager]]s versus use by college students (despite the fact that there is significant overlap between the actual ages of the two sets). Parents and school administrators tend to view high-school student drinking as severely dangerous and often treat it with a [[zero tolerance (schools)|Zero tolerance]] mindset, whereas drinking is often seen as an important part of the "college experience" and viewed with [[nostalgia]] by older adults. While alcohol policy discipline is more often than not a "slap on the wrist" in college, many times high schools will engage in much more disciplinary action against violators. High schools have been known to exert disciplinary action even when drinking or drinking games occurred well outside the nominal jurisdiction of the school itself. This is perhaps an example of the school working [[in loco parentis]] to encourage habits that are more socially accepted as healthy. A number of arguments exist as to why drinking games such as Beer Pong are especially dangerous for younger teens: *Most (American) teenagers have not built a high level of drinking [[drug tolerance|tolerance]]. *[[Peer pressure]] can lead teenagers to consume more than they safely may handle. *Participants in drinking games may not be fully cognizant of the rate at which they are consuming alcohol. *The competitive nature of the game causes the participants to take risks.[http://silverchips.mbhs.edu/inside.php?sid=5860] *Many teens may wish to emulate older, college-age people, by engaging in [[drinking culture]] without the same degree of collective experience and support that make it more socially acceptable among older students. *Teenage drinking is statistically linked with the development of several diseases.[http://www.focusas.com/Alcohol.html] With this in mind, players new to Beer Pong or any drinking game should be extremely careful to avoid overconsumption and [[alcohol poisoning]]. When moderation is practiced in the presence of a trustworthy social support network, drinking games can be safe and highly enjoyable. ==The World Series of Beer Pong™ and "Professional" Tournaments & Leagues== National Beer Pong tournaments are held in the United States. Since the [[drinking age]] in the United States is currently [[21]] in all states, entry into most tournaments is restricted to players who meet this age requirement. Some, however, have held tournaments with other liquids legal to minors, such as milk or water. [http://www.bpong.com BPONG.COM] began promoting and organizing [http://www.wsobp.com The World Series of Beer Pong™] in mid-2005 and held the event in [[Mesquite, Nevada]] from January 2 - 6, 2006. The entry fee of $530 per team covered the event's entry fee, a four-night stay, three all-you-can-eat BBQ-style meals, and beer for the competition. Jason Coben and Nick Velissaris of [[Ann Arbor, Michigan]] won the event's $10,000 grand prize. [http://www.wsobp.com] [http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2006/Jan-08-Sun-2006/news/5208708.html][http://www.boston.com/news/odd/articles/2006/01/18/mich_pair_wins_beer_pong_championship/] [http://www.playboy.com/features/features/drinkinggame/] Additionally, there has been another [http://www.wildmanproduction.com/vegas/worldbeerpong.html World Beer Pong Tournament]in existence and has been for quite a while before the Mesquite tourney. Starting in 1976, a few friends in California started an informal tournament of their own. This event grew over the years to extended friends and acquaintances through an invite-only process. Currently, there are over 115 teams participating that compete in this doubles World Beer Pong Tournament, which has been in Las Vegas for the past 8 or 9 years. This summer the 30th annual tournament will be held. What distinguishes this tournament from the one mentioned above is this game evolved directly from Ping-Pong and thus paddles are required and competitors must sink the balls over 36" nets. A commoner and more decentralized organization of beer pong games is small leagues. Ordinarily, a group of college students or other Pong enthusiasts will create teams (partnerships) and play weekly against each other. After a regular season and playoffs, one team will win a championship and usually some prize, purchased using member dues. Sometimes player statistics are recorded much like in a professional sports setting, and there have even been software products developed specifically for leagues to keep detailed statistics easily.[http://www.nalsoft.com/ruitleaguer/]--> == Abstemia versio == Sunt qui ludo potatorio sine alcohole frui velint. Discipuli enim universitatis ''Utah Sate'', qui plerique [[Ecclesia Iesu Christi Sanctorum in Novissimis Diebus|Mormonica fide]] profitentur, pong cervisiale non zytho genuino sed [[cervisia radicalis|cervisia radicali]], [[potio]]ne dulci et spumante Americana nullo pacto inebriante, ludendi morem habent.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Utah State students adapt drinking game for sans-alcohol event|journal=''The Salt Lake Tribune''|url=http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_8680505|date=[[2008-3-24]]|accessdate=1 Aprilis 2008}}.</ref> Quem morem pro ludibrio habuit [[Gulielmus Maher]]: {{Citatio3|New rule: if you're in college and not drinking beer, you're doing it wrong.<br /> ''Students at Utah State have taken to playing the game beer pong . . . with root beer! Ha ha, instead of beer, rootbeer! And instead of laughing and partying and trying to get laid, . . . everybody wishes they were dead.''|[[Gulielmus Maher]]|Real Time with Bill Maher'', episodium 125|Regulam novam propono: si universitate quadam discipulus es, neque cervesiam bibis, perperam facis.<br /> Discipuli apud ''Utah State'' pong cervisialis lusum ceperunt cum cervisia . . . radicali! Ha hae, in loco cervisiae verae, cervisia radicalis! In loco ridendi et conviviendi et venerem expetendi, . . . omnes cupiunt mori.}} == Fontes == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Hora laeta]] * [[Societas corticis]] * [[Tractus bellum]] == Nexus externi == * [http://www.bpong.com The World Series of Beer Pong™] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061004071814/http://nbpl.net/ The National Beer Pong League] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060829035449/http://www.beerpongvideo.com/ "Dropping Balls" Pellicula] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060901222527/http://www.bpong.com/game/index.php Pong cervisiale ludus cum Macromedia Shockwave] [[Categoria:Ludi potatorii]] [[Categoria:Potiones fortes]] [[Categoria:Paginae mensis]] 40tnk6pqe9rtaacsrlx9lpbxxjd1ka1 0 24320 3965609 3965567 2026-06-19T13:48:58Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ (10K) 3965609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L|-3}}{{pro pagina discretiva vide|Helena (discretiva)}} [[Fasciculus:Detail Menelaus Painter Louvre G424.jpg|thumb|Helena in vaso G424 [[Museum Lupariense|Musei Lupariensis]] picta]] '''Helena''' ([[Lingua Graeca antiqua |Graece]] Ἑλένη) in [[mythologia Graeca]] fuit [[uxor]] et [[Menelaus|Menelai]] regis [[Sparta|Lacedaemonis]] et [[Paris (Mythologia)|Paridis]] principis [[Troia|Troiani]] ː ob rivalitatem inter binos viros causa belli Troiani fuisse dicebatur. Habuit [[filia]]m [[Hermione (mythologia)|Hermionen]], quae [[Pyrrhus (discretiva)|Pyrrho]] filio [[Achilles|Achillis]] nupsit. Helena nata [[Iuppiter|Iove]] [[Leda]]que est aut secundum diversam traditionem e Iove et [[Nemesis|Nemesi]]<ref>[[Pausanias]], ''[[Descriptio Graeciae]]'' I.33.7-8.</ref>; primum Menelao regi [[Lacedaemon]]iorum nupsit, deinde [[Paris (Mythologia)|Paridi]] filio [[Priamus|Priami]] regis [[Troia|Teucrorum]], ut primum ille illustri iudicio Paridis a [[Venus|Venere]] feminam pulcherrimam dono accepit.<ref>[[Hyginus mythographus|Hyginus]], fabulae (cf.[http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/hyginus/hyginus5.shtml#helena] et [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/hyginus/hyginus5.shtml#paridis]).</ref> Nominis [[Paretymologia|etymologia poetica]] tradita est e verbo ἑλεῖν 'rapere, perdere' quia multos homines perdiderit<ref>[[Aeschylus]], ''[[Agamemnon (Aeschylus)|Agamemnon]]'' 681-90. 688-690ː ''ἐπεὶ πρεπόντως //ἑλένας, ἕλανδρος, ἑλέ- //πτολις'' = nam recte navium raptrix, virorum raptrix, urbium raptrix.</ref>. Revera nomen eius non est [[Graece|Graecum]]; fortasse fuit nomen deae cuiusdam; coniungitur specie [[arbor]]um et [[avis|avium]]. Secundum [[carmen epicum|carmina epica]] [[Homerus|Homeri]], hominis natura erat Helenae, dicitur autem ei [[pulchritudo]] corporis incomparabilis fuisse; communis opinio est Venerem Helenae venustatem muneri dedisse, ut quolibet viro, cuiuscumque cupida esset, potiretur. [[Theseus]] et [[Pirithous]] Helenam abstulerunt cum novem annos nata esset. In [[fabula]] altera, narratur illam filiam Iovis et [[Nemesis|Nemeseos]] fuisse, quia mala excitavisset. Nemesis vi Iovis se eripuit, quippe cum conubium cum dea appeteret, formam anseris eligens itaque Iupiter specie cygni effecit, ut in thalamo societate coirent. In luco quodam Lacedaemonio tum illa ovum peperit, quod pastor invenit et oculis Ledae uxoris [[Tyndareus|Tyndarei]] regis praeposuit. Helenam ex ovo ortam Leda velut filiam propriam aluit et erudivit. Vulgo autem ea ratione Leda ipsa cum Iove formam oloris habente se coniunxisse narratur. Fratres Helenae erant [[Castor et Pollux]] Dioscuri et soror [[Clytaemnestra]] uxor [[Agamemnon]]is. Nonnulli Castorem Clytaemnestramque natos Tyndarei mortales fuisse putaverunt, sed Pollucem Helenamque natos Iovis immortales. Ledam dicunt duo peperisse ova, alterum impletum mortali, immortali alterum. Secundum fabulas quasdam postremo Helena e vita cessit; est autem narratio, quae Homerus non ignoravit, qua refertur Menelaus moriens tantummodo [[Elysium]] intravisse, quippe cum Helena uxor sua esset. Helena duodecim annos nata a [[Theseus|Theseo]] vi [[Aphidnai|Aphidnas]] in terra [[Attica]] sitas abducta erat, unde illam gemini Dioscuri [[Sparta]]m reduxerunt. {{Pars vicificanda}} Helena Troiae pulcherrimae Ledae nata, quae erat regina Spartae, in quintā centuriā B.C. Proinde mythum, sua mater Helenae progenuit proderat ab Iove propter suam formam. Helenā cretā cum Tyndare cupatre, dixit se verio rem patremesse.{{dubsig}} Bellum Troianum propter Helenam incepit, quae cupido Paride captam erat gratiā amandi.Menelao invento Helenam captam esse, tam iratum ut in Troiā bellum gesserit. [[Euripides|Euripiden]] tamen Helena Troiae non fuit. Helena in Aeneid{{dubsig}} apparuit. In libro duo,{{dubsig}} cum suae saluti tam territua{{dubsig}} est ut puta erit debuerit celare ab proelio. Cum Aeneas Helenam viderat,{{dubsig}} venerem,{{{dubsig}} quae est mater Aeneae, propitiare compulsa est ne Helenam occideret. Ille putavit Helenam esse causam Trojani belli et causam milites suffere.{{dubsig}} Helena suam familiam reliquit ut amorem praestavet, quam demonstravit esse [[egoismus|egotisticam]]. Helena est quoque scelesta et infidelis quod familiam liquit. Tamen, Helena respexite. Ella liquit ut laeta sit. Ergo, Helena est libera et acultula. Erit etiam notissima propter formam in saeculā saeculorum. {{NexInt}} * [[Ab ovo]] * [[Astyanassa]] *" [[Raptus Helenae (Benotius)|Raptus Helenae]]", tabula a [[Benotius Gozzoli|Benotio]] sive alio quodam saeculo XV picta * [[Colluthus]] * [[101 Helena]] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Helena|!]] [[Categoria:Heroes Belli Troiani]] [[Categoria:Heroides (Ovidius)]] [[Categoria:Personae Iliadis]] [[Categoria:Personae Odysseae]] {{Myrias|Homines}} 94sec0gorfcpgdfizax6a07muw9n3q8 0 26255 3965670 3930534 2026-06-19T20:07:11Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[File:Hr8799 orbit hd.gif|alt=Timelapse of exoplanets orbit motion|thumb|upright=1.5|Quattuor planetae exasolares in [[systema planetarium|systemate]] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|HR 8799||d|en|qid=Q584300}} tempus annorum septem per ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Observatorium Gulielmus Myron Keck|Observatorium Gulielmum Myronem Keck|d|en|qid=Q210997}}'' inspecti.]] [[Fasciculus:Exoplanet Discovery Methods Bar.png|thumb|450px|Methodi exoplanetarum reperiendorum.]] {{Res|Planeta extrasolaris}}<ref>Talis locutio in multis [[lingua|linguis]] invenitur: confer Catalane ''planeta extrasolar'', Anglice ''Extrasolar planet''.</ref> vel '''exoplaneta'''<ref>Ita Bohemice, Vasconice necnon Lusitane; haud dissimiliter in aliis linguis hodiernis.</ref> est [[planeta]] qui ultra [[Systema Solare|Systematis Solaris]] limites motat.<ref name="Encyclopaedia">{{cite web |last1=Schneider |first1=Jean |date=10 Septembris 2011 |title=Interactive Extra-Solar Planets Catalog |url=http://exoplanet.eu/catalog.php |work=[[The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia]] |accessdate=10 Septembris 2011}}</ref> Permultis [[stellae|stellis]] planetae circumire censentur, inter quas fortasse sunt dimidium omnium stellarum [[Sol]]is similium.<ref name=harps2011>[http://arxiv.org/abs/1109.2497 The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXIV. Occurrence, mass distribution and orbital properties of super-Earths and Neptune-mass planets], M. Mayor, M. Marmier, C. Lovis, S. Udry, D. Ségransan, F. Pepe, W. Benz, J.-L. Bertaux, F. Bouchy, X. Dumusque, G. Lo Curto, C. Mordasini, D. Queloz, N. C. Santos (September 2011).</ref> Secundum [[statistica]]m anni [[2012]] investigationem, quaeque ex circa 100 billionibus stellarum in [[galaxias|galaxia]] nostro seu [[Via Lactea]] "in medio . . . saltem 1.6 planetas" habere fertur.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wall |first=Mike |title=160 Billion Alien Planets May Exist in Our Milky WayGalaxy |url=http://www.space.com/14200-160-billion-alien-planets-milky-galaxy.html |date=11 January 2012 |publisher=[[Space.com]] |accessdate=2012-01-11 }}</ref><ref name="Nature-20120111">{{cite journal |author=Cassan, A. et al. |title=One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations |url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v481/n7380/full/nature10684.html |doi=10.1038/nature10684 |date=11 Ianuarii 2012 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=481 |pages=167–169 |accessdate=11 Ianuarii 2012 |bibcode = 2012Natur.481..167C }}</ref> Non minus ergo quam 160 billiones planetarum stellis circumeuntium in sola Via Lactea exsistere possunt.<ref name="Nature-20120111" /> [[Planemo]]num (seu corporum massam planetariam habentium) libere in Via Lactea fluitantium fortasse exstant trilliones, sive videlicet corporum [[Pluto (planeta)|Plutone]] maiorum 100&thinsp;000 pro omni [[stella sequentiae principalis]].<!--for every main-sequence star--><ref>[http://arxiv.org/abs/1201.2687 Nomads of the Galaxy], Louis E. Strigari, Matteo Barnabe, Philip J. Marshall, Roger D. Blandford.</ref> == Passus primi == Iam diu homo interrogat soline sit in universo. Qui est alius modus quaerendi, sintne alii planetae in quibus crescant aliae formae vitae. [[Christianus Hugenius]] erat primus astronomus cui erat notio utendorum instrumentorum observationis ut tales planetae detegerentur. [[saeculum 20|Saeculo vicensimo]] [[telescopium|telescopiis]] melioribus novae artes inventae: inventio ex onere parta ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''charge-coupled device'' sive ''CCD''), cura imaginum, [[Hubble (telescopium)|spatii telescopum Hubble]], res omnes quae stellarum motus optime metiantur. Ob eam causam multi [[astronomus|astronomi]] planetas extrasolares detegi posse putant. Annis 1980 et annis 1990 incipientibus pauci nuntii planetae inventi facti sunt, qui quidem multitudine nuntiorum aliorum resumpti; dehinc verificatis rebus (per menses vel annos) illi nuntii inveterati sunt (ut mos est hominum doctorum). Communio hominum doctorum spem amisit nonnullique iam concludebant [[systema solare]] esse unum in universo. Denique anno 1995 revera primus planeta exter est repertus. == Primi planetae extrasolares reperti == [[Fasciculus:Osirisplanet.jpg|thumb|Pictura imaginata quae monstret exhalationem planetae [[HD 209458 b]] ("Osiris" interdum nuncupati)<br />''fontes: [[NASA]]/[[ESA]]/[[Centre national de la recherche scientifique|CNRS]]'']] Primus planeta extrasolaris repertus nuntiatus est die 6 Octobris 1995 a Michaele Mayor et Didier Queloz (ex observatorio [[Genava]]e) sito, secundum observata quae facta sunt in observatorio Superioris Provinciae quaeque ad velocitatem radialem stellarum pertinebant. Qui planeta dimidio minor [[Iuppiter (planeta)|Iove stella]] orbitam tantum 4,2 dierum habens astro ita est prope ut (sicut alii huiusmodi planetae) ''Iuppiter calidus'' vocatur et appellationem [[51 Pegasi b]] habet (sed interdum "Bellerophon" nuncupatur): astrum enim est [[51 Pegasi]], in constellatione [[Pegasus (constellatio)|Pegasi]] visum, 40 [[spatium lucis annuae|spatia lucis annuae]] a [[Tellus (planeta)|Tellure]] remota. Ex illo tempore plus quam quincenti planetae inventi sunt, quorum multi a grege qui a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Galfridus Marcy|Galfrido Marcy|en|qid=Q736811}} ex Universitate Californiae in Berkeleia sita ducebatur reperti sunt. Plus quam dimidium autem reperti sunt in Universitate [[Genava|Genevae]] sita a gregibus internationalibus. Primum systema ubi detecti sunt plures planetae erat [[Upsilon Andromedae]] in constellatione [[Andromeda (constellatio)|Andromedae]]. Alter fuit [[55 Cancri|55]] [[Cancer (constellatio)|Cancri]]. Quod est maximum systema planetarum quod adhuc notum est (praeter nostrum), nam saltem quattuor planetas continet. Maior pars planetarum nunc repertorum [[gigas gasosus|gigantes gasosi]], aliqui quidem [[pumilio fusca|pumiliones fuscae]] sunt. Praecipue detecti sunt gigantes circum stellis proximis propter observationis modum. Alii sunt Ioves excentricii, saepe maiores [[Iuppiter (planeta)|Iove]] planeta, orbitis maioris [[Excentricitas|excentricitatis]] adfecti. Etiam planetae [[Neptunus (planeta)|Neptuni]] [[magnitudo|magnitudinis]] iam inventi sunt, exempli causa illi duo planetae stellam [[Gliese 876]] vocatam revolventes. Multo facilius est reperire planetam massae maximae rapide stellam circumeuntem propter velocitatem radialem. Planetae minoris magnitudinis nondum inveniri poterant, cum methodus investigandi solum maiores indicet: Observantur vacillationes stellae ex quibus massae atque orbitae planetarum circum eam revolventium ratiocinantur. Namque imagines planetarum exterorum capere nondum possumus. In priore spatio semestri 2005 disputatio per mundum astronomorum acta est. Greges ex NASA (Agentia spatii [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]]) et ex ESO nuntiavere telescopos VLT et Spitzer planetas exteros repperisse. Tandem Europa obtinuisse primas imagines directas planetarum extrasolarium videbatur. Singillatim pumilionem fuscam [[2MASSW J1207334-393254|2M1207]] et stellam [[GQ Lupi]] circumeunt. Hoc dicto comitem GQ Lupi pumilionem fuscam esse putatur. ==Inventa== Die 1 Augusti 2022 numerantur<ref>http://exoplanet.eu/catalog.php</ref>: * 5125 planetae extrasolares in * 3794 systematibus planetariis distributi (inter quae systemata 829 plures planetas habent) [[Fasciculus:444226main exoplanet20100414-a-full.jpg|thumb|[[Tres]] noti [[stella]]e [[HR8799]] [[planeta]]e, ex [[Telescopium Hale|Telescopio Hale]] visi. [[Lux]] mediae stellae (locus ''star'' Anglice designatus) a [[coronagraphia vorticis vectoralis|coronagrammate vorticis vectoralis]]<!--vector vortex coronagraph--> celatur.]] [[Fasciculus:Brown dwarf 2M J044144 and planet.jpg|thumb|[[2MASS J04414489+2301513|2M J044144]] est [[nanus fuscus]] cui est comes circa quinquies-decies [[massa]]e [[Iuppiter (planeta)|Iovis]].<!-- It is not clear whether this companion object is a [[sub-brown dwarf]] or a planet.-->]] [[Fasciculus:The Star AB Pictoris and its Companion - Phot-14d-05-normal.jpg|thumb|Imago [[coronagraphia|coronographica]] stellae [[AB Pictoris]] comitem (laeva et ima parte) monstrat, qui est vel nanus fuscus vel planeta massivus.<!-- The data were obtained on 16 March 2003 with [[Very Large Telescope#Instruments|NACO]] on the [[Very Large Telescope|VLT]], using a 1.4 arcsec occulting mask on top of AB Pictoris.-->]] ==Planetae exteri noti== * Die [[27 Novembris]] [[2001]] detegitur primus gigas gasosus, [[HD 209458 b]] ("Osiris" interdum nuncupatus), [[oxygenium]] et [[carbonium]] in atmosphaera sua continens. Cum sit planeta proximus soli eius, videt atmosphaeram exspirari vento stellae. Quae impullere peritos classem novam exoplanetarum animo fingere, quam appellant [[planeta Chthonius|planetas Chthonios]], qui sunt reliquiae rupium gigantium gasosorum quorum atmosphaera exspirata est stella eorum. * Die [[25 Augusti]] [[2004]], planeta, [[Mu Arae c]] vel "Venus Mu Arae", gravis 14 massas terrestres repertus est. Quae massa est infra limitem theoricum 15 massarum terrestrium ubi licet invenire planetam telluricum. Periti enim quaerunt num sit maximus planeta e rupibus, primus ergo huius generis repertus, an minimus gigas gasosus. * Anno [[2005]], semel, astronomi discrevere lumen emissum directe duobus planetis, quamquam lucent maxime stellae proximae. Hactenus, indirecte erant reperti, inspiciendo perturbationes adhibitae planetis in stellas eorum vel metiendo lumen deminutum per obscurationem. Hac vice, duo greges observantes planetas varios exoplanetas repererunt simul. Sed cum duo greges usi essent telescopo spatii infrarubro " Spitzer" Civitatium Foederatarum, NASA statuit casu frui ut ambo simul nuntiati essent. Interest notare ambos exoplanetas observatos detectos esse prius velocitatis radialis artis gratia. * Die [[14 Iulii]] [[2005]], astrophysicus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Matthaeus Konacki||en|qid=Q366733}} [[Institutum Technologiae Californiense|Instituti Technologiae Californiae]] in libello periodico ''[[Nature]]'' reperire exoplanetam ([[HD 188753]] Ab) proclamavit in systemate trium stellarum quae inveniuntur longae 149 spatia lucis annuae a Terra. [[Havaii]] telescopii Keck I gratia, potuit hunc planetam invenire cuius revolutio circum stellam eius fit in minus quam quattuor diebus. Exempla hodierna formationis planetarum non explicant quomodo talis planeta oriatur in spatio ambienti tam incerto quod attinet ad [[gravitatio]]nem. Hic planeta "planeta Tatooinus" ab inventore cognominatur in laudem planetae fictici eiusdem [[nomen proprium|nominis]] in [[pellicula]] de ''[[Star Wars|Bellis Stellarum]].'' Astronomi posteriores, qui eum planetam rursus reperire conati sunt, jusque hodie non potuerunt. * Die [[26 Ianuarii]] [[2006]], tres collaborationes usantes effectum lentium microgravitationalium ducti per "Probans lentium anomalia retem" (vulgo ''Probing Lensing Anomalies NETwork'' vel ''PLANET'') aperiant planetam [[OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb]] quae videtur prima exoplaneta tellurica nota. Haec planeta sita est longius 22 milia spatiorum lucis annuae a terra. Eius massa valet circa quinquies pro Terra; temperatura est parva -220&nbsp;°C gradus (53 K), quod sinit supponere planetam solidam esse. * Die [[17 Maii]] [[2006]], grex inventorum planetarum (cuius est particeps Michaelis Maior) nuntiat reperisse, spectrographi Harps gratia, tres planetas Neptunianos circumeuntes sidus generis solaris [[HD 69830]]. Massae sunt pro se quisque decies, duodecies, duodevicies (10, 12,18) superiores massae Terrae (quod est debile, Iove centies septemdecies (117) valenti massam Terrae). Hoc systema putatur possidere asteroidum cingulum longum 1 [[Unitas astronomica|ua]] a stella. * Raius Iaiavardhana et Valentinus Ivanov repererunt, Nova technologia telescopio longo 3,5 m observatorii La Silla in observatorio Europeano australi (ESO), [[Oph 162225-240515]], systema duplex duorum planetarum se circumeuntium et in spatio libere navigantium . * Die [[18 Septembris]] [[2006]], grex astronomorum [[Institutum Smithsonianum|Smithsoniani]] nuntiat probabilem inventionem novi generis planetae: cum [[radius (geometria)|radio]] aequo 1.38 vices Iovi sed cuius pondus ne quidem est dimidium massae, est exoplaneta levissimus quem umquam invenere! Est densitate inferiore suberi: fluctuet commode si sit vas maius quam ut contineatur. Res nominatur [[ADS 16402|HAT-P-1]]. Stella est sidus praecipuum systematis duplicis, longum 450 spatia lucis annuae a Terra in constellatione [[Lacerta (constellatio)|Lacerta]] et notum nomine poetico [[ADS 16402]]. Ambae stellae similes sunt soli sed iuniores, natae circa 3,6 mille milia milia annis post solem. * Die [[5 Octobris]] [[2006]], Kailashus Sahu, Baltimori Instituti Scientiae telescopi spatii (vulgo ''Space Telescope Science Institute'') collegaeque Civitatum Foederatarum, Chiliani, Sueci, Itali, putantur reperisse, telescopo spatii Hubble, quinque exoplanetas novi generis appellatos "Planetas Periodo Revolutionis Brevissimo" vel Anglice ''USPP'' , ''Ultra-Short-Period Planet'' quia circumeunt sidus minus quam intra diem terrestrem (Velocissima revolvitur intra 0.4 diem, minus quam decem horae). Res videntur planetae gasi gigantes debili densitate similes Iovi, circumeuntes stellas minores quam Sol. ==Modi inveniendi== Invenire exoplanetam indirecte non est res facilis, variis rationibus: * Planeta [[lux|lucem]] non edit: solum lumen refert quod excipit e stella, quod paucum est. * Stella distat a nobis multo magis quam stella distat a planeta suo: oportet potestatem separandi ergo instrumentorum altissimam esse ut distinguentur. Sic, maior quantus exoplanetae qui valebant usque nuperrime appellantur modi "indirecti", nam non detegunt directe photona venientia a planeta. Sunt plures modi, praesentes et futuri ut reperiatur extrasolaris planeta. Plerique deteguntur ab observatoriis in solo. ==Notae== <references /> ==Bibliographia== * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120314054218/http://www.iop.org/publications/iop/2010/page_42551.html Exoplanets – The search for planets beyond our solar system]''. Institute of Physics, [[2010]]. * Giada N. Arney, "[https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0651/meta The K Dwarf Advantage for Biosignatures on Directly Imaged Exoplanets]" in ''Astrophysical Journal Letters'' vol. 873 (6 Martii 2019) * R. P. Butler, "[http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/504701;jsessionid=A420BF41B7A906D69EDDB4C5C8FB27C5.ip-10-40-1-105 Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets]" in ''Astrophysical Journal'' vol. 646 (2006) * David R. Ciardi et al., "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.05665v1 Astro2020 Science White Paper: Toward Finding Earth 2.0: Masses and Orbits of Small Planets with Extreme Radial Velocity Precision]" (13 Martii 2019) apud ''arXiv.org'' * Chuanfei Dong, Zhenguang Huang, Manasvi Lingam, Gábor Tóth, Tamas Gombosi, Amitava Bhattacharjee, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1709.01219 The dehydration of water worlds via atmospheric losses]" (5 Septembris 2017) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astrophysical Journal Letters'' *{{Cite journal|author=Artie P. Hatzes, Günther Wuchter |title=Astronomy: Giant planet seeks nursery place|journal=Nature |volume= 436|pages= 182–183|year=2005 |doi=10.1038/436182a|pmid=16015311|issue=7048|bibcode = 2005Natur.436..182H }} [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v436/n7048/full/436182a.html Situs venalis] * René Heller, Michael Hippke, Kai Rodenbeck, "[https://www.aanda.org/component/article?access=doi&doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201935600 Transit least-squares survey. II. Discovery and validation of 17 new sub- to super-Earth-sized planets in multi-planet systems from K2]" in ''Astronomy & Astrophysics'' (13 May 2019) * Danley C. Hsu, Eric B. Ford, Darin Ragozzine, Keir Ashby, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.01417 Occurrence Rates of Planets orbiting FGK Stars: Combining Kepler DR25, Gaia DR2 and Bayesian Inference]" (14 Augusti 2019) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astronomical Journal'' vol. 158 * L. Kaltenegger, J.Pepper, K. Stassun, R. Oelkers, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.11539 TESS Habitable Zone Star Catalog]" (27 Martii 2019) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro '' Astrophysical Journal Letters'' vol. 874 no. L8 (2019) * Jonathan I. Lunine, Bruce Macintosh, Stanton Peale, "[http://ptonline.aip.org/journals/doc/PHTOAD-ft/vol_62/iss_5/46_1.shtml?type=PTALERT The detection and characterization of exoplanets]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}" in ''Physics Today'' (Maii 2009) * Sarah R. N. McIntyre, Charles H. Lineweaver, Michael J. Ireland, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.03123 Planetary Magnetism as a Parameter in Exoplanet Habitability]" (7 Martii 2019) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society'' [https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2018/EPSC2018-989.pdfhttps://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2018/EPSC2018-989.pdf Epitome alibi reperta] * Sarah Millholland, Gregory Laughlin, "[https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-019-0701-7 Obliquity-driven sculpting of exoplanetary systems]" in ''[[Nature]] Astronomy Letters'' (4 Martii 2019) * {{Cite journal|author=Mark R. Swain, Gautam Vasisht & Giovanna Tinetti |title=The presence of methane in the atmosphere of an extrasolar planet|journal=Nature |volume= 452|pages= 329–331|year=2008 |doi=10.1038/nature06823|pmid=18354477|issue=7185|bibcode = 2008Natur.452..329S }} [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v452/n7185/full/nature06823.html Situs venalis] * Tomoyuki Kudo et al., "[https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/aaeb1c/meta A Spatially Resolved au-scale Inner Disk around DM Tau]" in ''Astrophysical Journal Letters'' vol. 868 (14 Novembris 2018) * Vincent Van Eylen, Simon Albrecht, "[https://arxiv.org/abs/1505.02814 Eccentricity from transit photometry: small planets in Kepler multi-planet systems have low eccentricities]" (11 Maii 2015) apud ''arXiv.org'' pro ''Astrophysical Journal'' {{NexInt}} * [[Satelles extrasolaris]] * [[Planeta extragalacticus]] * [[Zona habitabilis]] * [[Consortium N2K]] * [[Index planetarum extrasolarium]] * [[Krypton (planeta ficticius)|Krypton]] ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Exoplanets|exoplanetas}} ; Indices nexuum * ''[http://www.ucm.es/info/Astrof/recopilaciones/planetas_ext.html Planetas extrasolares]'' ;Encyclopaediae et indices * ''[http://exoplanet.eu The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia]'' - De planetis extrasolaribus * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081119143348/http://exoplanets.org/esp/hd117618/hd117618.shtml Exoplanets Data Explorer]" apud ''University of California Planet Search Project'' * M. Mayor et alii, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20060926165047/http://obswww.unige.ch/~udry/planet/planet.html The Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Programmes]" * ''[http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog]'' apud ''Planetary Habitability Laboratory'' * ''[http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/ NASA Exoplanet Archive]'' * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120313095039/http://exoplanet.hanno-rein.de/ The Visual Exoplanet Catalogue]'' * [http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/exoplanet/id327702034?mt=8 Data exoplanetaria iPhone/Ipodium/iPad accommodata] * ''[http://www.planetary.org/exoplanets/ Catalog of Exoplanets]'' apud ''Planetary Society '' * ''[http://www.planetarybiology.com/exoexplorer_planets/ Complete List of Exoplanets]'' apud ''Planetary Biology'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081203091324/http://media4.obspm.fr/exoplanets/ De exoplanetis] apud ''Observatoire de Paris'' * [http://jumk.de/astronomie/exoplanets/index.shtml List of important exoplanets] ; Atlantes * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929092206/http://planetquest1.jpl.nasa.gov/atlas/atlas_index.cfm PlanetQuest Atlas]'' apud [[NASA]] * [http://www.exosolar.net/ exosolar.net] Atlas stellarum et exoplanetarum ; Instituta exoplanetaria * [http://www.exoplanet.de/ Center for Exo-Planet Research Jena/Tautenburg] * [http://www.astro.uni-jena.de/ Astrophysical Institute & University Observatory Jena (AIU)] * ''[http://www.superwasp.org/ SuperWASP Wide Angle Search for Planets]'' Institutorum Britannicorum * ''[http://www.planetquest.org/ PlanetQuest]'' * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20121027061546/http://www.nsf.gov/mps/ast/exoptf.jsp ExoPlanet Task Force (ExoPTF)]'' apud ''National Science Foundation'' ; Varia et breviora * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110225110149/http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/ PlanetQuest] apud [[NASA]] * "[https://www.nasa.gov/kepler/discoveries How many exoplanets has Kepler discovered?]" apud ''NASA'' * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120316170533/http://alum.mit.edu/pages/sliceofmit/2011/02/15/exoplanets/ 10 Things You May Not Know About ... Exoplanets]" apud ''Slice of MIT'' * "[http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1024/ Exoplanet Caught on the Move]" apud ''european Southern Observatory'' * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081220100255/http://exoplanets.org/index_gl.html 6–8 Earth-Mass Planet Discovered orbiting Gliese 876]" apud exoplanets.org * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20081030022342/http://www.ece.vt.edu/swe/lwa/memo/lwa0013.pdf Radio Detection of Extrasolar Planets: Present and Future Prospects]" * [http://www.astronomycast.com/astronomy/ep-125-a-zoo-of-extrasolar-planets/ "Vivarium" planetarum extrasolarium] apud astronomycast.com * Natalie M. Batalha et al., "[http://arxiv.org/abs/1202.5852 Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, III: Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data]" (Feb. 2012) * Laurence R. Doyle, "[http://www.space.com/searchforlife/090319-seti-planet-nomenclature.html Naming New Extrasolar Planets]" apud ''SPACE.com'' (19 Martii 2009) * D. Lafreniere, R. Jayawardhana, M. van Kerkwijk, "[http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap080919.html Companion of a Young, Sun-like Star]" apud [[NASA]] * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090130144603/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Beyond Beyond Our Solar System]" apud ''[http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/ NASA's Solar System Exploration]'' * "[http://www.perseus.gr/Astro-Photometry.htm Differential Photometry]" apud ''Perseus'' * ''[https://www.centauri-dreams.org/ Centauri Dreams]'' [[Categoria:Exoplanetologia]] {{Myrias|Physica}} {{FA stella}} boa6lbrnd93j7hflt1km8ozi5t3v7b6 0 28657 3965732 3925868 2026-06-20T11:41:34Z LilyKitty 18316 de G7 anno 2026 3965732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {| class="toccolours" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 20em; font-size: 90%; clear:right;" cellspacing="5" |- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" |[[Fasciculus:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg|50px|Vexillum Britanniarum Regni]] [[Britanniarum Regnum]] – [[Keir Starmer]] |- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" |[[Fasciculus:Flag of Canada.svg|50px|Vexillum Canadiae]] [[Canada]] – [[Marcus Carney]] |- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" |[[Fasciculus:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg|50px|Vexillum CFA]] [[C.F.A.]] – [[Donaldus Trump]] |- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" |[[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|50px|Vexillum Franciae]] [[Francia|Franco]]-[[Gallia]] – [[Emmanuel Macron]] |- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" |[[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|50px|Vexillum Germaniae]] [[Germania]] – [[Fridericus Merz]] |- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" |[[Fasciculus:Flag of Japan.svg|50px|Vexillum Iaponiae]] [[Iaponia]] – [[Sanae Takaichi]] |- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" |[[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|50px|Vexillum Italiae]] [[Italia]] – [[Georgia Meloni]] |- style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;" |[[Fasciculus:Flag of Russia.svg|50px|Vexillum Russiae]] [[Russia]] – [[Vladimirus Putin]] (suspendetur) |} [[Fasciculus:G8 organization.svg|thumb|Territorium octo civitatum]] '''G8''', vel plenius '''Grex Octo Civitatum''', e septem [[magna potestas|civitatibus]] omnis terrarum [[Productus domesticus|productu domestico]] maximis et [[Russia]] constat. Quae [[civitas|civitates]] sunt [[Germania]], [[Francia]], [[Regnum Britanniarum]], [[Italia]], [[Iaponia]], [[Canada]], [[Russia]], [[Civitates Foederatae]]. Hoc in collegio etiam legati sunt [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]]. [[Hispania]] sodalem fieri velit quia maiorem reditum nationalem grossum habet quam Canada; secundum [[Argentaria Mundana|Argentariam Mundanam]], eius [[productus domesticus grossus|reditus nationalis grossus]] anno [[2005]] fuit 1100 [[milliardum|milliarda]] [[Dollarium (CFA)|dollaria CFA]], cum Canadae 1052 milliarda esset. His in civitatibus fere tredecim centesimae partes mundi incolarum vivunt, et fere duae partes mundi reditus factus est. Harum civitatum duces quotannis conveniunt ut [[civilitas|res politicas]], relationis internationalis, [[energia|energicas]], [[alimentum|alimentorum]] et [[oeconomia|oeconomicas]] disputent, temperent, ordinent. Anno [[2007]] [[Heiligendamium|Heiligendamii]] in [[Germania]] mense Iunio conveniunt. == Conventus annui == Quotannis gregales octo civitatum conveniunt alio anno in alio [[oppidum|oppido]] quae oppida sunt haec: * 30. [[2004]]: [[Insula Marina]] in [[Georgia (CFA)|Georgia]] in Civitatibus Foederatis, [https://web.archive.org/web/20050406081333/http://www.g8usa.gov/home.html] * 31. [[2005]]: ''Gleneagles'' in vico Britanniarum Regni<ref>[http://www.perthshireg8.com/ ''G8 Summit 2005 Gleneagles Perthshire''] apud www.perthshireg8.com.</ref> * 32. [[2006]]: [[Petropolis|Petropoli]] in [[Russia]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150421042201/http://en.g8russia.ru/ ''Official Website of the G8 presidency of the Russian Federation in 2006''] apud en.g8russia.ru.</ref> * 33. [[2007]]: [[Heiligendamium|Heiligendamii]] in [[Germania]] [http://www.g-8.de/] * 34. [[2008]]: Iaponia (in [[Esonia]]) * 35. [[2009]]: Italia * 36. [[2010]]: Canada * 37. [[2011]]: Francia * 38. [[2012]]: Civitates Foederatae * 39. [[2013]]: Britanniarum Regnum (in [[Lacus Ernus|Laco Erno]]) * 40. [[2014]]: Russia<br /> (hic conventus propter [[bellum]] in [[Crimea]] et [[Ucraina]] haud fuit). Septem civitates sine Russia [[Bruxellae|Bruxellis]] convenierunt) * 41. [[2015]]: Germania (ut Grex 7 sine Russia<ref>Ratione re militaris de [[Crimaea (res publica)|Res Publicae Crimaeae]], de facto privatio [[territorium|territorii]] [[Ucraina]]e est.</ref>) * 42. [[2016]]: Iaponia (ut Grex 7 in [[Mie (praefectura)|Mie praefectura]]) * 43. [[2017]]: Italia (ut Grex 7 [[Tauromenium|Tauromenii]]) * 44. [[2018]]: Canada (ut Grex 7 in Clairvoix) * 45. [[2019]]: Francia (ut Grex 7 in [[Biarritz]]) * 46. [[2020]]: Civitates Foederatae (abrogatus ratione [[COVID-19 pandemia]]e) * 47. [[2021]]: Regnum Britanniarum (ut Grex 7 in [[Cornubia]]e) * 48. [[2022]]: Germania (ut Grex 7 in castro Elmau) * 49. [[2023]]: Iaponia (ut Grex 7 in [[Hiroshima]]) * 50. [[2024]]: Italia (ut Grex 7 in [[Apulia]]) * 51. [[2025]]: Canada (ut Grex 7 in [[Alberta]]) * 52. [[2026]]: Francia (ut Grex 7 in [[Aquianum]]) == Res oeconomicae == [[Oeconomia|Res oeconomicae]] se habent ita secundum Argentariam Mundanam: {| class="wikitable" |- style="background-color:#efefef" !2004 ! colspan=2 | [[Numerus incolarum]] ! colspan=2 | Reditus nationalis grossus !2005 ! colspan=2 | Numerus incolarum ! colspan=2 | Reditus nationalis grossus |- style="background-color:#efefef" ! &nbsp; ![[millio|Mio.]] !% ![[milliardum|Mrd.]] $ !% ! &nbsp; !Mio. !% !Mrd. $ !% |- ! class="hintergrundfarbe7" |Mundus | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |6345,1 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |100,0 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |39833,6 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |100,0 ! class="hintergrundfarbe7" |Mundus | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |6438 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |100,0 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |44983,3 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |100,0 |- !CFA |align="right" |293,5 |align="right" |4,6 |align="right" |12150,9 |align="right" |30,5 !CFA |align="right" |296 |align="right" |4,6 |align="right" |12969,6 |align="right" |28,8 |- !Iaponia |align="right" |127,8 |align="right" |2,0 |align="right" |4749,9 |align="right" |11,9 !Iaponia |align="right" |128 |align="right" |2,0 |align="right" |4988,2 |align="right" |11,1 |- ! Germania |align="right" |82,6 |align="right" |1,3 |align="right" |2489,0 |align="right" |6,2 ! Germania |align="right" |82 |align="right" |1,3 |align="right" |2852,3 |align="right" |6,3 |- !Regnum Britanniarum |align="right" |59,4 |align="right" |0,9 |align="right" |2016,4 |align="right" |5,1 !Regnum Britanniarum |align="right" |60 |align="right" |0,9 |align="right" |2263,7 |align="right" |5,0 |- !Francia |align="right" |60,0 |align="right" |0,9 |align="right" |1858,7 |align="right" |4,7 !Francia |align="right" |61,0 |align="right" |0,9 |align="right" |2177,7 |align="right" |4,8 |- !Italia |align="right" |57,6 |align="right" |0,9 |align="right" |1503,6 |align="right" |3,8 !Italia |align="right" |57 |align="right" |0,9 |align="right" |1724,9 |align="right" |3,8 |- !Canada |align="right" |31,9 |align="right" |0,5 |align="right" |905,6 |align="right" |2,3 !Canada |align="right" |31,9 |align="right" |0,5 |align="right" |1051,9 |align="right" |2,3 |- !Russia |align="right" |142,8 |align="right" |2,3 |align="right" |487,3 |align="right" |1,2 !Russia |align="right" |143 |align="right" |2,2 |align="right" |639,1 |align="right" |1,4 |- ! class="hintergrundfarbe7" |G8 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |855,6 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |13,5 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |26161,4 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |65,7 ! class="hintergrundfarbe7" |G8 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |859 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |13,3 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |28667,4 | class="hintergrundfarbe7" align="right" |63,7 |} == Protestationes populares == [[Fasciculus:AntiImpRost02VI07.jpg|thumb|[[Manifestatio|Protestatio]] contra Grecem Octo Rostochii [[2 Iunii]] [[2007]].]] Pluribus annis in conventus civitatum [[manifestatio|protestationes]] populares [[motus antiglobalisticus|contra globalizationem]] ac [[neocolonialismus|neocolonialismum]] fiebant. Etiam hoc in anno Heiligendamii magnae protestationes expectantur. Partes politicae, organizationes politicae et ecclesiarum, civium organizationes [[Rostochium]] [[ferrivia]] et [[laophorum|laophoris]] vehentur. == Alia coepta vici == {{CommuniaCat|G8|G8}} == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Bayne, Nicholas, et Robert D. Putnam. [[2000]]. [http://books.google.com/?id=BqkEAQAAIAAJ ''Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal.''] Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 0-7546-1185-X; ISBN 978-0-7546-1185-1; [http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/43186692 OCLC 43186692] * Haas, P. M. [[1992]]."Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination. ''International Organization'' 46,1:1–35. * Hajnal, Peter I. [[1999]]. [http://books.google.com/?id=Bi5JO7FFk7UC ''The G8 system and the G20 : Evolution, Role and Documentation.''] Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-4550-4/ISBN 0-7546-4550-9; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/g8-system-and-the-g20-evolution-role-and-documentation/oclc/277231920 OCLC 277231920] * Kokotsis, Eleonore. [[1999]]. [http://www.worldcat.org/title/keeping-international-commitments-compliance-credibility-and-the-g7-1988-1995/oclc/40460131&referer=brief_results ''Keeping International Commitments: Compliance, Credibility, and the G7, 1988–1995.''] New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8153-3332-3/ISBN 978-0-8153-3332-6; [http://books.google.com/?id=Bi5JO7FFk7UC OCLC 40460131] * Reinalda, Bob, et Bertjan Verbeek. [[1998]]. [http://books.google.com/?id=Bt3AzOHtXwgC ''Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations.''] Londinii: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16486-9/ISBN 978-0-415-16486-3; ISBN 978-0-203-45085-7; ISBN 0-203-45085-X; [http://www.worldcat.org/title/autonomous-policy-making-by-international-organizations/oclc/39013643&referer=brief_results OCLC 39013643] [[Categoria:Oeconomia]] [[Categoria:Societates civitatum]] 9w8rm32i5v6r190k34smtihd1vyk3pc 0 33525 3965682 3867391 2026-06-19T22:43:40Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa scholae Vicidata}} '''Pontificia Universitas Catholica Peruviana'''<ref>"Pontificia Universitas Catholica Peruviana". Fons nominis: [http://www.lot-tissimo.com/de/i/2787656/ehrendoktormedaille-doctor-honoris-causa-1982-medaille-der-'pontificia-universitas-catholica nummus]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ([[Hispanice]]: ''Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú'') est [[universitas privata]] [[Lima]]e in urbe [[Peruvia]]e. ==Collegia== * Collegium Scientae Humanae (''Facultad de Letras y Ciencias Humanas'') * Collegium Iuris (''Facultad de Derecho'') * Collegium Conlegium Curationis (''Facultad de Administración y Contabilidad'') * Collegium Physiologus et Fabrum Machinoris (''Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería'') * Collegium Museum (''Facultad de Arte'') * Collegium Paedagogica (''Facultad de Educación'') * Collegium Scientia Socialis (''Facultad de Ciencias Sociales'') * Collegium Scientiae Comunicationis (''Facultad de Ciencias y Artes de la Comunciación'') * Collegium Architectura et Urbanismus (''Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo'') * Collegium Gestiones et Alti Rectiones (''Facultad de Gestión y Alta Dirección'') == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Daniel Mora Zavallos, ''Los desafíos de la universidad Peruana''. Limae: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú, 2015. ISBN 978-612-4075-91-9 {{uni-stipula}} [[Categoria:Pontificia Universitas Catholica Peruviana|!]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1917]] f413pix8hgdc9jwul87je0mrix1bhed 0 45261 3965698 3948497 2026-06-20T01:15:30Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[c:COM:CDC|automaton]]: Substituens [[File:Jacob_Jordaens_(Attributed),_after_Peter_Paul_Rubens_-_Portrait_of_Infanta_Isabella_Clara_Eugenia.jpg]] pro File:Peter_Paul_Rubens_091b.jpg. CommonsDelinker hanc rationem dedit: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c: 3965698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Peter Paul Rubens - Self-Portrait (Kunsthistorisches Museum).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|''Petrus Paulus Rubens a se anno 1639 pictus'', ([[Museum Historiae Artis (Vindobona)]].]] '''Petrus Paulus Rubenius'''<ref>Nomen invenitur in libro Italico ''[https://books.google.it/books?id=8i4TAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA214&dq=petrus+paulus+rubenius&hl=it&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQr__Lo7KDAxWlVfEDHdRkBKgQ6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=petrus%20paulus%20rubenius&f=false Enciclopedia metodica critico-ragionata delle belle arti]'': "Petrus Paulus Rubenius pinxit".</ref> [[Eques]] (natus ''Peter Paul Rubens'' [[Sigena (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Sigenae]] in urbe [[Westphalia|Westphaliensi]]e die [[28 Iunii]] [[1577]]; [[Antverpia]]e die [[30 Maii]] [[1640]] mortuus), fuit [[pictor]] [[barocus]], hodie etiam celeberrimus, qui [[Antverpia]]e habitavit; saepe et legatus meruit pro regibus [[Hispania|Hispaniensibus]]. [[Fasciculus:Peter Paul Rubens - Rubens and Isabella Brant in the honeysuckle bower.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|"[[Umbraculum clymenorum]]": Petro Paulo Rubenio [[Isabella Brant]] nuper nupta, 1609 ([[Pinacotheca Vetus (Monacum)|Pinacotheca Vetus]] [[Monacum|Monacensis]])]] [[Fasciculus:Helene Fourment in her Bridal Gown by Rubens (1630) - Alte Pinakothek - Munich - Germany 2017.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Helenae Fourment effigies]], Petri Pauli Rubenii uxor altera cui anno 1630 nupsit ([[Pinacotheca Vetus (Monacum)|Pinacotheca Vetus]] [[Monacum|Monacensis]])]] Filius fuit [[Ioannes Rubens|Ioannis Rubenii]] uxorisque eius Mariae Pypelincks. Pater ob [[Calvinismus|Calvinismum]] suum ex Antverpia ad [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniam Agrippinam]] anno [[1568]] effugerat; ibi causidicus meruit, sed et amasius, reginae [[Anna Saxoniae|Annae Saxoniae]], quae aulam suam [[Sigena (Rhenania Septentrionalis et Vestfalia)|Sigenae]] tenebat. Familia ab anno 1589 Coloniam regressa est, unde, patre anno [[1587]] mortuo, Petrus Paulus annum duodecimum agens cum matre Antverpiam petivit. Ibi in religione [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholica]] educatus est et in artibus, praeceptoribus [[Octavius Vaenius|Octavio Vaenio]] et [[Adamus van Noort|Adamo van Noort]], qui, decanus [[corporatio Sancti Lucae (Antverpia)|corporationis S. Lucae]] Antverpiensis, discipulum suum anno [[1598]] in gremium corporationis recipi suasit. Rubenius iter fecit anno [[1600]] ad [[Italia]]m. Ibi [[Venetiae|Venetias]] visitavit ubi picturas [[Titianus|Titiani]], [[Paulus Veronensis|Pauli Veronensis]] necnon [[Iacobus Tentoretus|Tentoreti]] vidit. Mox [[Mantua]]e apud ducem [[Vincentius I Gonzaga|Vincentio I]] degit; quo adiuvante Rubente [[Florentia]]m et [[Roma]]m anno [[1601]] ivit ibique opera [[Michael Angelus Bonarotius|Michaelis Angeli]], [[Raphael Sanctius Urbinas|Raphaelis]] et [[Leonardus Vincius|Leonardi Vincii]] admiravit, sed etiam [[Laocoon cum filiis|Laocoontem cum filiis]] [[statua]]m [[Hellenismus|Hellenisticam]], magisque omnium picturas [[Caravaggius|Caravaggii]]. Inter quas "[[Virgo rosarii (Caravaggius)|Virginem rosarii]]" Dominicanis Antverpianis emere suasit, "[[Virginis mors (Caravaggius)|Virginis mortem]]" patrono Vincentio Gonzagae. Pro eodem anno [[1603]] in [[Hispania]]m properavit ad regem [[Philippus III (rex Hispaniae)|Philippum III]] colandum; quo tempore opera Raphaelis et Titiani, olim a rege [[Philippus II (rex Hispaniae)|Philippo II]] collecta, in [[Museum Prado|museo regali]] visitavit. Ab [[Caroli V effigies equestris|effigie Caroli V equestri]] Titiani motus, quam ibi viderat, [[Ducis de Lerma effigies equestris|effigiem similem]] nobilis [[Franciscus Gómez de Sandoval (dux de Lerma)|ducis de Lerma]] ipse pinxit. [[Fasciculus:Jacob Jordaens (Attributed), after Peter Paul Rubens - Portrait of Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Isabellae Clarae Eugeniae effigies|Effigies anno fere 1615 picta]] principissae [[Isabella Clara Eugenia|Isabellae Clarae Eugeniae]], Petri Pauli Rubenii patrona ([[Museum Historiae Artis (Vindobona)|Museum Historiae Artis]] [[Vindobona|Vindobonense]])]] In Italiam reditus Mantuae, mox [[Genua]]e, sed ab anno 1606 [[Roma]]e degit tabulasque pro patronis variis confecit: Genuae marchionissae [[Birgittae Spinola-Doria effigies|Birgittae Spinola-Doria]] et [[Mariae Pallavicini effigies|Mariae Serra Pallavicini]] effigies; Romae, suadente cardinale [[Iacobus Serra|Iacobo Serra]] (Mariae fratre), altarium ecclesiae novae [[Ecclesia Sanctae Mariae in Vallicella|Sanctae Mariae in Vallicella]] in quo [[Sanctus Gregorius Magnus (Rubens)|effigiem S. Gregorii Magni]] pinxit. In eadem urbe pro [[basilica Sanctae Crucis in Hierusalem (Roma)|basilica Sanctae Crucis in Hierusalem]] picturas tres confecit (inter eas "[[Sancta Helena Vera Cruce munita]]" hodie [[Grassa]]e in [[ecclesia cathedralis Grassensis|ecclesia cathedrali Grassensi]] ostentatur); eodem fere tempore "[[Perseus et Andromeda (Rubens)|Perseus et Andromeda]]", "[[Susanna et senes (Rubens)|Susanna et senes]]" et "[[Samson et Delila (Rubens)|Samson et Delila]]". Anno 1608, matre aegrotante, Antverpiam redire statutus est; quae autem ante eius reditum mortem obiit. Novis patronis a mense Septembri [[1609]] se dicavit, scilicet [[Albertus VII (archidux Austriae)|Alberto]] archiduci Austriae ducique Belgarum uxorique eius [[Isabella Clara Eugenia]], qui aulam suam [[Bruxellae|Bruxellis]] tenuerunt pacemque effecerunt inter regnum Hispanicum provinciasque Nederlandenses. Rubenius autem Antverpiae manebat; ibi nuper reditus die [[3 Octobris]] [[1609]] [[Isabella Brant|Isabellam]] [[Ioannes Brant|Ioannis Brant]] filiam in matrimonium duxit, quam in "[[Umbraculum clymenorum|Umbraculo clymenorum]]" depinxit. Insequenti anno domum novum a seipso designatum habitare coepit quae hodie nomine ''[[Domus Rubens (Antverpia)|Rubenshuis]]'' museum vitae et operis eius constituitur. Inter opera hoc fere tempore confecta enumeranda sunt "[[Elevatio Crucis (Rubens)|Elevatio Crucis]]" et "[[Descensus a Cruce (Rubens)|Descensus a Cruce]]", "[[Innocentium caedes (Rubens)|Innocentium caedes]]", "[[Prometheus vinctus (Rubens)|Prometheus vinctus]]", "[[Sanctus Sebastianus (Rubens)|Sanctus Sebastianus]]", "[[Venus ad speculum (Rubens)|Venus ad speculum]]", "[[Venatio hippopotami et crocodili]]", "[[Romulus et Remus (Rubens)|Romulus et Remus]]", "[[Adoratio Magorum (Rubens)|Adoratio Magorum]]". Discipulos satis multos apud se educavit et omnium clarissimum [[Antonius van Dyck|Antonium van Dyck]]; cum pictoribus interdum collaboravit [[Franciscus Snyders|Francisco Snyders]] et [[Ioannes Breugelius senior|Ioanne Breugelio seniore]]. Quocum annis fere 1617-1618 [[Allegoriae sensuum separatorum (Bruegel)|allegorias quinque sensuum separatorum]] [[Allegoriae sensuum coniunctorum (Bruegel)|duasque sensuum coniunctorum]] confecit, figuras humanas ipse pingens, aliis rebus a Breugelio pictis; quae tabulae septem hodie in [[Museum Prado|Museo Prado]] ostentantur. Xylographias ichnographiasque multas aut fecit aut designavit; talia opera confecerunt collaboratores, inter quos [[Lucas Vorsterman]]. Ab anno [[1621]], suadente [[Maria Medicaea]] [[Francia]]e regina vidua, Rubenius series picturarum incepit ut enarraretur vita Mariae et [[Henricus IV (rex Francorum)|Henrici IV]] mariti. Cyclus de Maria ipsa usque ad annum [[1625]] elaboravit; quae tabulae in [[Museum Lupariense|Museo Lupariensi]] hodie servantur. == Anecdota == Petrus Paulus Rubenius legati munere functus est, quam ob rem per totam Europam multa itinera fecit, exempli gratia Matritum profectus est et convenit pictorem Velázquez, quocum loquebatur Hispanice, quia dea Fortuna ei multum favit: ille erat pulcher, sive formosus, pecuniosus, dives, et callidus et doctus. Ille multas res facere simul poterat, exempli gratia: quondam amicus quidam in officinam Rubenii intravit et hanc scaenam vidit. Dum Rubenius pingebat, audiebat aliquem Tacitum recitantem, epistulam scribae dictabat, colloquebatur benigne cum nonnullis amicis.<ref>[https://www.museodelprado.es/actualidad/multimedia/las-tres-gracias-de-rubens/f350c372-abec-94a0-c098-ca20daf6b3bf Tres Gratiae] (Latine).</ref> == Opera selecta == * "[[Achilles repertus (Rubens)|Achilles repertus]]" * "[[Cena apud Simonem Pharisaeum celebrata (Rubens)|Cena apud Simonem Pharisaeum celebrata]]" * "[[Dapes Terei (Rubens)|Dapes Terei]]" * "[[Diana et Callisto (Rubens)|Diana et Callisto]]" * "[[Iudicium Paridis (Rubens)|Iudicium Paridis]]" * "[[Medusa (Rubens)|Medusa]]" * "[[Nymphae et satyri (Rubens)|Nymphae et satyri]]" * "[[Raptus Ganymedis (Rubens)|Raptus Ganymedis]]" * "[[Saltatio rusticorum (Rubens)|Saltatio rusticorum]]" * "[[Tres Gratiae (Rubens)|Tres Gratiae]]" * "[[Triumphus Romanus (Rubens)|Triumphus Romanus]]" === Adumbrationes === ;* "[[Alcibiades in convivium irrumpit (Rubens)|Alcibiades in convivium irrumpit]]" ;* "[[Amazonomachia (Rubens)|Amazonomachia]]" ;* "[[Iesus de cruce demissus est]]" == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * ''Rubens et l'art de la gravure: catalogue d'exposition''. Musée royal des Beaux-Arts d'Anvers, Antwerpiae 2004 * Svetlana Alpers, ''The Making of Rubens''. Novo Portu: Yale University Press 1995. * Prosper Arents, A. K. L. Thijs, edd.: ''De Bibliotheek van Pieter Pauwel Rubens''. Antwerpiae 2001 * Frans Baudouin: ''Peter Paul Rubens''. Köster, Königstein/Taunus 1977 * Kristin Lohse Belkin: ''Rubens''. Londinii 1998 * Kristin Lohse Belkin, Fiona Healy, edd.: ''A House of Art: Rubens as Collector''. Museum Rubenshuis, Antwerpiae 2004 * Christopher Brown, ed.: ''Making & Meaning: Rubens's Landscapes''. National Gallery, Londinii 1997 * Nils Büttner: ''Herr P. P. Rubens''. Vandenhoeck, Göttingen 2006 ISBN 3-525-47906-9 * Sabine Cotté: ''Rubens und seine Welt''. Gondrom, Bayreuth 1980 * Dagmar Feghelm, Markus Kesting: ''Rubens. Bilder der Liebe''. Prestel, Monaci 2005, ISBN 978-3-7913-3353-3 * Ulrich Heinen: "Rubens' Garten und die Gesundheit des Künstlers", in: ''Wallraf-Richartz-Jahrbuch'' 65, 2004, S. 71–182 * Julius S. Held: ''The Oil-Sketches of Peter Paul Rubens: A Critical Catalogue''. Princeton 1980 (2 Bde.) * Nico van Hout: ''Copyright Rubens''.Koninklijk Museum, Antwerpiae 2004 * Michael Jaffé, ''Rubens and Italy''. Cornell University Press, Ithaca 1977. ISBN 0-8014-1064-9 * Jan de Jong et al., edd.: ''Rubens and the Netherlands''. Zwolle 2006 (''Nederlands Kunsthistorisch Jaarboek'' 55, 2004) * {{BBKL|r/rubens_p_p.s|auctor=Peter Kränzle|commentatio=RUBENS, Peter Paul|tomus=8|columnae=892-908}} * Mark Lamster, ''Master of Shadows: The Secret Diplomatic Career of the Painter Peter Paul Rubens''. 2009 * Reinhard Liess: ''Die Kunst des Rubens''. Wasmuth, Brunsvici 1977 * Anne-Marie Logan, Michiel Plomp: ''Peter Paul Rubens. The Drawings''. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Novi Eboraci 2005 [http://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2005/rubens-drawings Versio interretialis] * Marjorie van der Meulen; Arnout Balis, ed.; ''Rubens: copies after the antique''. 3 voll. Londinii: Harvey Miller * Ilse von zur Mühlen: ''Bild und Vision. Peter Paul Rubens und der Pinsel Gottes''. Francofurti 1998 * Matías Díaz Padrón, ed.: ''El Siglo de Rubens en el Museo del Prado''. Barcelone 1995 * Otto von Simson: ''Peter Paul (1577–1640): Humanist, Maler und Diplomat''. Moguntiaci 1996 * Martin Warnke: ''Peter Paul Rubens. Leben und Werk''. Dumont, Coloniae Agrippinensis 2006 * Christopher White: ''Peter Paul Rubens. Leben und Kunst''. Belser Verlag, Turici 1988 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Peter Paul Rubens|Petrum Paulum Rubens}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070706130706/http://museum.antwerpen.be/rubenshuis/ Petri Pauli Rubens domus Antwerpiae] * [http://www.rubensonline.be/ Rubens Online] {{Ling|Nederlandice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180606033240/https://www.peterpaulrubens.org/ peterpaulrubens.org] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2005/rubens-drawings Expositio adumbrationum] Novi Eboraci apud [[Museum Artium Metropolitanum]] *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_UI0lGQgOUo Iudicium Paridis] (Latine) *[https://www.museodelprado.es/actualidad/multimedia/las-tres-gracias-de-rubens/f350c372-abec-94a0-c098-ca20daf6b3bf Tres Gratiae] (Latine) *[https://www.museodelprado.es/actualidad/multimedia/aquiles-descubierto-por-ulises-y-diomedes-de/cfc974e8-6662-4fe8-9b90-948d42445c3c Achilles ab Ulixe et Diomede recognitus est.] (Latine) {{Lifetime|1577|1640|Rubenius, Petrus Paulus}} [[Categoria:Legati Hispaniae]] [[Categoria:Legati Italiae]] [[Categoria:Pictores Belgicae]] [[Categoria:Petrus Paulus Rubens|!]]<!--Rubenius--> mm7t1i18oy1ilud8yu6cu6cm7vh86ul 0 45783 3965727 2782447 2026-06-20T10:38:52Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas}} [[Fasciculus:Pacto de Teodomiro.JPG|thumb|250px|Regnum Theodomiri et urbes in foedere nominata]] '''Regnum Theodomiri''' fuit territorium ([[Arabice]]: ''Cora'') circum [[Carthago Spartaria|Carthaginem Spartariam]], [[Auraiola]]m, [[Illici]]m et [[Eio]]nem creatum a [[Theodomirus|Theodomiro]] [[saeculum 8|saeculo VIII]]. Fuit territorium autonomum in [[Andalusia]] inter annos [[713]] et [[824]] cum [[Abdarrama II]] regnum cepit. [[Rodericus (rex Visigothorum)|Roderico rege]] defuncto in [[Proelium apud Transductos Promontorios|proelio]], Theodomirus [[Administratio regni Visigothorum|dux Carthaginensis]] cum fidelibus ad Carthaginem Spartariam effugit, ubi contra [[Mauri|Mauros]] pugnavit. Tunc post annos duos foedus accepit. Ob hoc foedus, Theodomirus fidem Islamicam accepit et nomen mutavit a Theodomiro ad Tudmir itaque terras circum Carthaginem Spartariam accepit ([[Regio Vergiliae]] et [[Lucentum (provincia)|provincia Lucenti]]). ==Nexus externus== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120709225554/http://terra.es/personal4/jomena/tudemir.htm Foedus Theodomiri (Hispanice Arabiceque)] {{Hispania Visigothica}} [[categoria:Andalusia]] bxbe7fea9fk4790y6437v5f8a3xcvxa 0 46136 3965666 3892202 2026-06-19T19:11:40Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3965666 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Didacus Velazquius''',<ref>"Velázquez erased it and signed what remained ''Didacus Velazquius, pictor regius, expinxit''" {{Google Books|Gndh6_W9nUcC|p. 160}}</ref> vulgo ''Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez'' (natus [[Hispalis|Hispali]] [[6 Iunii]] [[1599]], mortuus [[Matritum|Matriti]] [[6 Augusti]] [[1660]]) fuit [[pictor]] [[Saeculum Aureum Hispanicum|saeculi aurei Hispanici]] et [[Militia Sancti Iacobi|miles sancti Iacobi]]. Pictor mores [[barocus|baroci]] et [[realismus (artes)|realismi]] observavit. ==Opera selecta== [[Fasciculus:Diego Velázquez Autorretrato 45 x 38 cm - Colección Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos - Museo de Bellas Artes de Valencia.jpg|thumb|Velázquez manu propria pictus]] * fortasse 1618 : ''[[Christus apud Martham Mariamque (Velazquius)|Christus apud Martham Mariamque]]'' * 1635 : ''[[Deditio Bredae]]'' * 1650 : ''[[Papae Innocentii X effigies]]'' * 1656 : ''[[Las meninas]]'' * 1655-1660: [[Lanificae sive fabula Arachnes (Velazquez)|''Lanificae sive fabula Arachnes'']] == Notae == <references /> ==Bibliographia== *Brown, Dale. [[1969]]. ''The World of Velázquez: 1599–1660.'' Novi Eboraci: Time-Life Books. ISBN 0-8094-0252-1. *Brown, Jonathan. [[1986]]. ''Velázquez: Painter and Courtier.'' Portu Novo: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-03466-0. *Brown, Jonathan. [[1978]]. ''Images and Ideas in Seventeenth-Century Spanish Painting.'' Princetoniae: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-03941-0. *Brown, Jonathan. [[2008]] ''Collected writings on Velázquez.'' Portu Novo: CEEH & Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-14493-2. *Calvo Serraller, Francisco. [[1999]]. ''Velázquez.'' Matriti: Electa. ISBN 84-8156-203-3. *Davies, David, et Enriqueta Harris. [[1996]]. ''Velázquez in Seville'' Edinburgi: National Gallery of Scotland. ISBN 0-300-06949-9. *"Diego Velázquez." [[1911]]. ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]].'' Ed. 11a. Londinii: Cambridge University Press. *{{cite web | title=Enriqueta Harris resalta la 'pasión británica' por ''Velázquez'' en un simposio en Sevilla | work=El País Digital | url=http://www.bib.ub.es/velazquez/1varti1.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate=April 9, 2005 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20041024132313/http://www.bib.ub.es/velazquez/1varti1.pdf <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = October 24, 2004}} *Erenkrantz, Justin R. "[http://www.erenkrantz.com/Words/TheMaskAndTheMirror.shtml The Variations on Past Masters]". ''The Mask and the Mirror''. Accessum [[10 Aprilis]] [[2005]]. *Goldberg, Edward L. [[1992]]. Velázquez in Italy: Painters, Spies and Low Spaniards. ''The Art Bulletin'' 74(3):453–456. *López-Rey, José; Gilles Nenet, ed. 1996? ''Velázquez, Prince of Painters''. 2 voll. Coloniae: Taschen. ISBN 3-8228-8657-2. *Moser, Wolf. [[2011]]. ''Diego de Silva Velázquez: Das Werk und der Maler.'' 2 voll. Lyon: Edition Saint-Georges ISBN 978-3-00-032155-9. *Prater, Andreas. [[2007]]. ''Venus ante el espejo.'' CEEH. ISBN 978-84-936060-0-8. *Salort-Pons, Salvador. [[2002]]. ''Velázquez en Italia.'' Matriti: Fundación de Apoyo a la Historia del Arte Hispánico. ISBN 84-932891-1-6. *"Velázquez, Diego." [[1995]]. ''Enciclopedia Hispánica''. Barcinonae: Encyclopædia Britannica Publishers. ISBN 1-56409-007-8. *Wolf, Norbert. [[1998]]. ''Diego Velázquez, 1599–1660: the face of Spain.'' Coloniae: Taschen. ISBN 3-8228-6511-7. ==Nexus externi== {{Fontes biographici}} {{communia|Diego Velázquez|Didacum Velazquium}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Velazquius, Didacus}} [[Categoria:Pictores Hispaniae]] {{1000 paginae}} [[Categoria:Nati 1599]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1660]] [[Categoria:Didacus Velazquius|!]] [[Categoria:Equites Sancti Iacobi]] {{Myrias|Homines}} a5okjky9r6nlx4v9zhrp4l30d04ja6g 0 50811 3965603 3965591 2026-06-19T13:22:27Z Andrew Dalby 1084 in usu 3965603 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} ''' Ioannes Evelyn''' ([[Anglice]]: ''John Evelyn''), natus est die [[31 Octobris]] [[1620]] in ''Wotton'', [[Surregia]]; † ibidem mortuus est die [[27 Februarii]] [[1706]], fuit [[scriptor]], [[architectus]] et [[hortorum cultus|hortorum factor]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]] qui et [[silvicultura]]e peritus fuit et de [[theologia]], [[architectura]] et [[vegetarianismus|vegatarianismo]] studuit. == Opera == [[Imago:John Evelyn by Hendrick Van der Borcht cropped.jpg|thumb| Ioannes Evelyn]] * 1649 (interpres) : Of Liberty and Servitude ... (1649), a translation from the French of François de la Mothe le Vayer, Evelyn's own copy of which contains a note that he was "like to be call'd in question by the Rebells for this booke"; * 1652 : The State of France, as it stood in the IXth year of ... Louis XIII (1652), a pamphlet drawn up from personal observations about the royal family, the court, the officials, the military forces, the institutions and customs of France; * 1656 (interpres) : An Essay on the First Book of T. Lucretius Carus de Rerum Natura. Interpreted and made English verse by J. Evelyn (1656); to his translation, Evelyn attached a commentary based on the writings of Gassendi and other philosophical atomists; * 1658/1659 (interpres) : The Golden Book of St John Chrysostom, concerning the Education of Children. Translated out of the Greek by J. E. (printed 1658, dated 1659); * 1658 (interpres) : The French Gardener: Instructing How to Cultivate all sorts of Fruit-Trees, and Herbs for the Garden (1658), translated from the French of Nicolas de Bonnefons; * 1659 : A Character of England, As it was lately presented in a Letter to a Nobleman of France (1659), a satire describing the customs of the country as they would appear to a foreign observer, reprinted in Somers' Tracts (ed. Scott, 1812), and in the Harleian Miscellany (ed. Park, 1813); * 1659 : An Apologie for the Royal Party (1659) * 1660 : The Late Newes, or Message from Bruxels Unmasked, and his Majesty Vindicated ... (1660), in answer to a libellous pamphlet on Charles I by Marchamont Nedham; * 1661 : Fumifugium: or The Inconvenience of the Aer and Smoak of London Dissipated (1661), in which he suggested that sweet-smelling trees should be planted in London to purify the air; * 1661 (interpres) : Instructions Concerning Erecting of a Library ... (1661), from the French of Gabriel Naudé; * 1661 : Tyrannus or the Mode, in a Discourse of Sumptuary Laws (1661); * 1661 : A Panegyric to Charles the Second (1661) * 1662 : Sculptura: or the History, and Art of Chalcography and Engraving in Copper... (1662); this contains the first account of "A new manner of Engraving, or Mezzo Tinto, communicated by his Highnesse Prince Rupert to the Author of this Treatise". In fact many think Rupert, who had played a part in the invention or perfecting of mezzotint, wrote or co-wrote this part. The frontispiece "invented" (designed) by Evelyn demonstrates his limitations as an artist of the figure, unless he was badly let down by his engraver. * 1664 : ''Sylva, or a Discourse of Forest Trees and the Propagation of Timber in His Majesties Dominions'': cui adduntur 'Pomona' et 'Kalendarium Hortense'; [https://archive.org/details/b30334044/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30337914/ editio 1670], [https://archive.org/details/CAT10981778/ aliud exemplar]; [https://archive.org/details/b30414155 editio 1706, cui adiungitur 'Acetaria'], [https://archive.org/details/Evelyn6496 aliud exemplar] * 1664 (interpres) : A Parallel of the Antient Architecture with the Modern (1664), from the French of Roland Fréart, to which was added an Account of Architects and Architecture from Evelyn's own pen; * 1666 : ''Kalendarium hortense'' separatim. 2a ed. {{GB|gBVlAAAAcAAJ|3a ed., 1669}} {{Google Books|7K0tlH4qrRYC|6a ed., 1676: cui additur 'A philosophical discourse of earth', qui et separatim videtur}} {{GB|3VgDAAAAQAAJ|7a ed., 1683}} 8a ed., 1691 {{GB|4HM2AAAAMAAJ|9a ed., 1699}} {{GB|Lg9FAQAAMAAJ|fac-simile 10a ed., 1706}} * 1668 (interpres) : An Idea of the Perfection of Painting: Demonstrated From the Principles of Art, and by Examples (1668), a translation of another work by Roland Fréart; * 1669 : The History of the three late famous Imposters, viz. Padre Ottomano, Mahomed Bei, and Sabatei Sevi * 1674 : Navigation and Commerce, in which his Majesties title to the Dominion of the Sea is asserted against the Novel and later Pretenders (1674), which is a preface to a projected history of the Dutch wars undertaken at the request of Charles II, but countermanded on the conclusion of peace; * 1693 (interpres) : The Compleat Gardener (1693), from the French of J. de la Quintinie; Numismata. A Discourse of Medals, Antient and Modern... To which is added a Disgression concerning Physiognomy (1697) * 1699 : ''[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: A Discourse of Sallets]]'' * 1787 : ''Terra: a philosophical discourse of earth'' separatim; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_terra-a-philosophical-d_evelyn-john-frs_1787 Textus] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080521013843/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/evelynnotes.html De Ioanne Evelyn apud Bibliotheca Britannica] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=(Surname='Evelyn')&dsqPos=1 De Ioanne Evelyn apud Societatem Regalem] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Evelyn, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Nati 1620]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1706]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] ebymk0ualp7o9ryx878b4z5df86eb7u 3965604 3965603 2026-06-19T13:41:16Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Opera */ 3965604 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} ''' Ioannes Evelyn''' ([[Anglice]]: ''John Evelyn''), natus est die [[31 Octobris]] [[1620]] in ''Wotton'', [[Surregia]]; † ibidem mortuus est die [[27 Februarii]] [[1706]], fuit [[scriptor]], [[architectus]] et [[hortorum cultus|hortorum factor]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]] qui et [[silvicultura]]e peritus fuit et de [[theologia]], [[architectura]] et [[vegetarianismus|vegatarianismo]] studuit. == Opera == [[Imago:John Evelyn by Hendrick Van der Borcht cropped.jpg|thumb| Ioannes Evelyn]] * 1649 (interpres, auctore François de la Mothe le Vayer) : ''Of liberty and servitude'' * 1652 : ''The state of France as it stood in the IXth year of ... Louis XIII'' * 1656 (interpres, auctore [[Lucretius|Lucretio]]) : ''An essay on the first book of T. Lucretius Carus De rerum natura'' * 1658/1659 (interpres, auctore [[Ioannes Chrysostomus|Ioanne Chrysostomo]]) : ''The golden book of St John Chrysostom, concerning the education of children'' * 1658 (interpres, auctore Nicolas de Bonnefons) : ''The French gardener, instructing how to cultivate all sorts of fruit-trees and herbs for the garden'' * 1659 : ''A character of England, as it was lately presented in a letter to a nobleman of France'' * 1659 : ''An apologie for the Royal party'' * 1660 : ''The late newes, or message from Bruxels unmasked'' * 1661 : ''Fumifugium, or The inconvenience of the aer and smoak of London dissipated'' * 1661 (interpres, auctore Gabriel Naudé) : ''Instructions concerning erecting of a library'' * 1661 : ''Tyrannus or The mode, in a discourse of sumptuary laws'' * 1661 : ''A panegyric to Charles the Second'' * 1662 : ''Sculptura: or the history, and art of chalcography and engraving in copper'' * 1664 : ''Sylva, or a discourse of forest trees'': cui adduntur 'Pomona' et 'Kalendarium hortense'; [https://archive.org/details/b30334044/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30337914/ editio 1670], [https://archive.org/details/CAT10981778/ aliud exemplar]; [https://archive.org/details/b30414155 editio 1706, cui adiungitur 'Acetaria'], [https://archive.org/details/Evelyn6496 aliud exemplar] * 1664 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''A prallel of the antient architecture with the modern'' * 1666 : ''Kalendarium hortense'' separatim. 2a ed. {{GB|gBVlAAAAcAAJ|3a ed., 1669}} {{Google Books|7K0tlH4qrRYC|6a ed., 1676: cui additur 'A philosophical discourse of earth', qui et separatim videtur}} {{GB|3VgDAAAAQAAJ|7a ed., 1683}} 8a ed., 1691 {{GB|4HM2AAAAMAAJ|9a ed., 1699}} {{GB|Lg9FAQAAMAAJ|fac-simile 10a ed., 1706}} * 1668 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''An idea of the perfection of painting: demonstrated From the principles of art, and by examples'' * 1669 : ''The history of the three late famous imposters, viz. Padre Ottomano, Mahomed Bei, and Sabatei Sevi'' * 1674 : ''Navigation and Commerce, in which his Majesties title to the Dominion of the Sea is asserted against the Novel and later Pretenders'' * 1693 (interpres, auctore J. de la Quintinie) : ''The compleat gardener'' * 1697 : ''Numismata: a discourse of medals, antient and modern... to which is added a digression concerning physiognomy''; [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/ Textus] * 1699 : ''[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: a discourse of sallets]]'' * 1787 : ''Terra: a philosophical discourse of earth'' separatim; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_terra-a-philosophical-d_evelyn-john-frs_1787 Textus] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080521013843/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/evelynnotes.html De Ioanne Evelyn apud Bibliotheca Britannica] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=(Surname='Evelyn')&dsqPos=1 De Ioanne Evelyn apud Societatem Regalem] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Evelyn, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Nati 1620]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1706]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] pssi5uxz0l23wg8k9aw961nfr00lcxn 3965605 3965604 2026-06-19T13:43:27Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Opera */ 3965605 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} ''' Ioannes Evelyn''' ([[Anglice]]: ''John Evelyn''), natus est die [[31 Octobris]] [[1620]] in ''Wotton'', [[Surregia]]; † ibidem mortuus est die [[27 Februarii]] [[1706]], fuit [[scriptor]], [[architectus]] et [[hortorum cultus|hortorum factor]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]] qui et [[silvicultura]]e peritus fuit et de [[theologia]], [[architectura]] et [[vegetarianismus|vegatarianismo]] studuit. == Opera == [[Imago:John Evelyn by Hendrick Van der Borcht cropped.jpg|thumb| Ioannes Evelyn]] * 1649 (interpres, auctore François de la Mothe le Vayer) : ''Of liberty and servitude'' * 1652 : ''The state of France as it stood in the IXth year of ... Louis XIII'' * 1656 (interpres, auctore [[Lucretius|Lucretio]]) : ''An essay on the first book of T. Lucretius Carus De rerum natura'' * 1658/1659 (interpres, auctore [[Ioannes Chrysostomus|Ioanne Chrysostomo]]) : ''The golden book of St John Chrysostom, concerning the education of children'' * 1658 (interpres, auctore Nicolas de Bonnefons) : ''The French gardener, instructing how to cultivate all sorts of fruit-trees and herbs for the garden'' * 1659 : ''A character of England, as it was lately presented in a letter to a nobleman of France'' * 1659 : ''An apologie for the Royal party'' * 1660 : ''The late newes, or message from Bruxels unmasked'' * 1661 : ''Fumifugium, or The inconvenience of the aer and smoak of London dissipated'' * 1661 (interpres, auctore Gabriel Naudé) : ''Instructions concerning erecting of a library'' * 1661 : ''Tyrannus or The mode, in a discourse of sumptuary laws'' * 1661 : ''A panegyric to Charles the Second'' * 1662 : ''Sculptura: or the history, and art of chalcography and engraving in copper'' * 1664 : ''Sylva, or a discourse of forest trees'': cui adduntur 'Pomona' et 'Kalendarium hortense'; [https://archive.org/details/b30334044/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30337914/ editio 1670], [https://archive.org/details/CAT10981778/ aliud exemplar]; [https://archive.org/details/b30414155 editio 1706, cui adiungitur 'Acetaria'], [https://archive.org/details/Evelyn6496 aliud exemplar] * 1664 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''A prallel of the antient architecture with the modern'' * 1666 : ''Kalendarium hortense'' separatim. 2a ed. {{GB|gBVlAAAAcAAJ|3a ed., 1669}} {{Google Books|7K0tlH4qrRYC|6a ed., 1676: cui additur 'A philosophical discourse of earth', qui et separatim videtur}} {{GB|3VgDAAAAQAAJ|7a ed., 1683}} 8a ed., 1691 {{GB|4HM2AAAAMAAJ|9a ed., 1699}} {{GB|Lg9FAQAAMAAJ|fac-simile 10a ed., 1706}} * 1668 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''An idea of the perfection of painting, demonstrated from the principles of art and by examples'' * 1669 : ''The history of the three late famous imposters, viz. Padre Ottomano, Mahomed Bei, and Sabatei Sevi'' * 1674 : ''Navigation and commerce, in which His Majesties title to the dominion of the sea is asserted against the novel and later pretenders'' * 1693 (interpres, auctore J. de la Quintinie) : ''The compleat gardener'' * 1697 : ''Numismata: a discourse of medals, antient and modern... to which is added a digression concerning physiognomy''; [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/ Textus] * 1699 : ''[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: a discourse of sallets]]'' * 1787 : ''Terra: a philosophical discourse of earth'' separatim; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_terra-a-philosophical-d_evelyn-john-frs_1787 Textus] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080521013843/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/evelynnotes.html De Ioanne Evelyn apud Bibliotheca Britannica] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=(Surname='Evelyn')&dsqPos=1 De Ioanne Evelyn apud Societatem Regalem] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Evelyn, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Nati 1620]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1706]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] q8j83bj5ycreqama08fxek7vu8gmo99 3965606 3965605 2026-06-19T13:43:55Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Interpretes Franco-Anglici]] 3965606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} ''' Ioannes Evelyn''' ([[Anglice]]: ''John Evelyn''), natus est die [[31 Octobris]] [[1620]] in ''Wotton'', [[Surregia]]; † ibidem mortuus est die [[27 Februarii]] [[1706]], fuit [[scriptor]], [[architectus]] et [[hortorum cultus|hortorum factor]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]] qui et [[silvicultura]]e peritus fuit et de [[theologia]], [[architectura]] et [[vegetarianismus|vegatarianismo]] studuit. == Opera == [[Imago:John Evelyn by Hendrick Van der Borcht cropped.jpg|thumb| Ioannes Evelyn]] * 1649 (interpres, auctore François de la Mothe le Vayer) : ''Of liberty and servitude'' * 1652 : ''The state of France as it stood in the IXth year of ... Louis XIII'' * 1656 (interpres, auctore [[Lucretius|Lucretio]]) : ''An essay on the first book of T. Lucretius Carus De rerum natura'' * 1658/1659 (interpres, auctore [[Ioannes Chrysostomus|Ioanne Chrysostomo]]) : ''The golden book of St John Chrysostom, concerning the education of children'' * 1658 (interpres, auctore Nicolas de Bonnefons) : ''The French gardener, instructing how to cultivate all sorts of fruit-trees and herbs for the garden'' * 1659 : ''A character of England, as it was lately presented in a letter to a nobleman of France'' * 1659 : ''An apologie for the Royal party'' * 1660 : ''The late newes, or message from Bruxels unmasked'' * 1661 : ''Fumifugium, or The inconvenience of the aer and smoak of London dissipated'' * 1661 (interpres, auctore Gabriel Naudé) : ''Instructions concerning erecting of a library'' * 1661 : ''Tyrannus or The mode, in a discourse of sumptuary laws'' * 1661 : ''A panegyric to Charles the Second'' * 1662 : ''Sculptura: or the history, and art of chalcography and engraving in copper'' * 1664 : ''Sylva, or a discourse of forest trees'': cui adduntur 'Pomona' et 'Kalendarium hortense'; [https://archive.org/details/b30334044/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30337914/ editio 1670], [https://archive.org/details/CAT10981778/ aliud exemplar]; [https://archive.org/details/b30414155 editio 1706, cui adiungitur 'Acetaria'], [https://archive.org/details/Evelyn6496 aliud exemplar] * 1664 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''A prallel of the antient architecture with the modern'' * 1666 : ''Kalendarium hortense'' separatim. 2a ed. {{GB|gBVlAAAAcAAJ|3a ed., 1669}} {{Google Books|7K0tlH4qrRYC|6a ed., 1676: cui additur 'A philosophical discourse of earth', qui et separatim videtur}} {{GB|3VgDAAAAQAAJ|7a ed., 1683}} 8a ed., 1691 {{GB|4HM2AAAAMAAJ|9a ed., 1699}} {{GB|Lg9FAQAAMAAJ|fac-simile 10a ed., 1706}} * 1668 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''An idea of the perfection of painting, demonstrated from the principles of art and by examples'' * 1669 : ''The history of the three late famous imposters, viz. Padre Ottomano, Mahomed Bei, and Sabatei Sevi'' * 1674 : ''Navigation and commerce, in which His Majesties title to the dominion of the sea is asserted against the novel and later pretenders'' * 1693 (interpres, auctore J. de la Quintinie) : ''The compleat gardener'' * 1697 : ''Numismata: a discourse of medals, antient and modern... to which is added a digression concerning physiognomy''; [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/ Textus] * 1699 : ''[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: a discourse of sallets]]'' * 1787 : ''Terra: a philosophical discourse of earth'' separatim; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_terra-a-philosophical-d_evelyn-john-frs_1787 Textus] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080521013843/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/evelynnotes.html De Ioanne Evelyn apud Bibliotheca Britannica] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=(Surname='Evelyn')&dsqPos=1 De Ioanne Evelyn apud Societatem Regalem] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Evelyn, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Nati 1620]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1706]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Franco-Anglici]] s86t5h7apu4n4nigdmkf9um0mhlsb8q 3965607 3965606 2026-06-19T13:46:34Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3965607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} ''' Ioannes Evelyn''' ([[Anglice]]: ''John Evelyn''), natus est die [[31 Octobris]] [[1620]] in ''Wotton'', [[Surregia]]; † ibidem mortuus est die [[27 Februarii]] [[1706]], fuit [[scriptor]], [[architectus]] et [[hortorum cultus|hortorum factor]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]] qui et [[silvicultura]]e peritus fuit et de [[theologia]], [[architectura]] et [[vegetarianismus|vegatarianismo]] studuit. == Opera == [[Imago:John Evelyn by Hendrick Van der Borcht cropped.jpg|thumb| Ioannes Evelyn]] * 1649 (interpres, auctore François de la Mothe le Vayer) : ''Of liberty and servitude'' * 1652 : ''The state of France as it stood in the IXth year of ... Louis XIII'' * 1656 (interpres, auctore [[Lucretius|Lucretio]]) : ''An essay on the first book of T. Lucretius Carus De rerum natura'' * 1658/1659 (interpres, auctore [[Ioannes Chrysostomus|Ioanne Chrysostomo]]) : ''The golden book of St John Chrysostom, concerning the education of children'' * 1658 (interpres, auctore Nicolas de Bonnefons) : ''The French gardener, instructing how to cultivate all sorts of fruit-trees and herbs for the garden'' * 1659 : ''A character of England, as it was lately presented in a letter to a nobleman of France'' * 1659 : ''An apologie for the Royal party'' * 1660 : ''The late newes, or message from Bruxels unmasked'' * 1661 : ''Fumifugium, or The inconvenience of the aer and smoak of London dissipated'' * 1661 (interpres, auctore Gabriel Naudé) : ''Instructions concerning erecting of a library'' * 1661 : ''Tyrannus or The mode, in a discourse of sumptuary laws'' * 1661 : ''A panegyric to Charles the Second'' * 1662 : ''Sculptura: or the history, and art of chalcography and engraving in copper'' * 1664 : ''Sylva, or a discourse of forest trees'': cui adduntur 'Pomona' et 'Kalendarium hortense'; [https://archive.org/details/b30334044/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30337914/ editio 1670], [https://archive.org/details/CAT10981778/ aliud exemplar]; [https://archive.org/details/b30414155 editio 1706, cui adiungitur 'Acetaria'], [https://archive.org/details/Evelyn6496 aliud exemplar] * 1664 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''A parallel of the antient architecture with the modern'' * 1666 : ''Kalendarium hortense'' separatim. 2a ed. {{GB|gBVlAAAAcAAJ|3a ed., 1669}} {{Google Books|7K0tlH4qrRYC|6a ed., 1676: cui additur 'A philosophical discourse of earth', qui et separatim videtur}} {{GB|3VgDAAAAQAAJ|7a ed., 1683}} 8a ed., 1691 {{GB|4HM2AAAAMAAJ|9a ed., 1699}} {{GB|Lg9FAQAAMAAJ|fac-simile 10a ed., 1706}} * 1668 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''An idea of the perfection of painting, demonstrated from the principles of art and by examples'' * 1669 : ''The history of the three late famous imposters, viz. Padre Ottomano, Mahomed Bei, and Sabatei Sevi'' * 1674 : ''Navigation and commerce, in which His Majesties title to the dominion of the sea is asserted against the novel and later pretenders'' * 1693 (interpres, auctore J. de la Quintinie) : ''The compleat gardener'' * 1697 : ''Numismata: a discourse of medals, antient and modern... to which is added a digression concerning physiognomy''; [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/ Textus] * 1699 : ''[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: a discourse of sallets]]'' * 1787 : ''Terra: a philosophical discourse of earth'' separatim; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_terra-a-philosophical-d_evelyn-john-frs_1787 Textus] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080521013843/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/evelynnotes.html De Ioanne Evelyn apud Bibliothecam Britannicam] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=(Surname='Evelyn')&dsqPos=1 De Ioanne Evelyn apud Societatem Regalem] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Evelyn, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Nati 1620]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1706]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Franco-Anglici]] 54bpoqvdgt2v1cckc5sta0a307roree 3965608 3965607 2026-06-19T13:48:46Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3965608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} ''' Ioannes Evelyn'''<ref>Ipse anno 1697 [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/page/n5/mode/2up Johannes Evelyn] scripsit</ref> ([[Anglice]]: ''John Evelyn''), natus est die [[31 Octobris]] [[1620]] in ''Wotton'', [[Surregia]]; † ibidem mortuus est die [[27 Februarii]] [[1706]], fuit [[scriptor]], [[architectus]] et [[hortorum cultus|hortorum factor]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]] qui et [[silvicultura]]e peritus fuit et de [[theologia]], [[architectura]] et [[vegetarianismus|vegatarianismo]] studuit. == Opera == [[Imago:John Evelyn by Hendrick Van der Borcht cropped.jpg|thumb| Ioannes Evelyn]] * 1649 (interpres, auctore François de la Mothe le Vayer) : ''Of liberty and servitude'' * 1652 : ''The state of France as it stood in the IXth year of ... Louis XIII'' * 1656 (interpres, auctore [[Lucretius|Lucretio]]) : ''An essay on the first book of T. Lucretius Carus De rerum natura'' * 1658/1659 (interpres, auctore [[Ioannes Chrysostomus|Ioanne Chrysostomo]]) : ''The golden book of St John Chrysostom, concerning the education of children'' * 1658 (interpres, auctore Nicolas de Bonnefons) : ''The French gardener, instructing how to cultivate all sorts of fruit-trees and herbs for the garden'' * 1659 : ''A character of England, as it was lately presented in a letter to a nobleman of France'' * 1659 : ''An apologie for the Royal party'' * 1660 : ''The late newes, or message from Bruxels unmasked'' * 1661 : ''Fumifugium, or The inconvenience of the aer and smoak of London dissipated'' * 1661 (interpres, auctore Gabriel Naudé) : ''Instructions concerning erecting of a library'' * 1661 : ''Tyrannus or The mode, in a discourse of sumptuary laws'' * 1661 : ''A panegyric to Charles the Second'' * 1662 : ''Sculptura: or the history, and art of chalcography and engraving in copper'' * 1664 : ''Sylva, or a discourse of forest trees'': cui adduntur 'Pomona' et 'Kalendarium hortense'; [https://archive.org/details/b30334044/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30337914/ editio 1670], [https://archive.org/details/CAT10981778/ aliud exemplar]; [https://archive.org/details/b30414155 editio 1706, cui adiungitur 'Acetaria'], [https://archive.org/details/Evelyn6496 aliud exemplar] * 1664 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''A parallel of the antient architecture with the modern'' * 1666 : ''Kalendarium hortense'' separatim. 2a ed. {{GB|gBVlAAAAcAAJ|3a ed., 1669}} {{Google Books|7K0tlH4qrRYC|6a ed., 1676: cui additur 'A philosophical discourse of earth', qui et separatim videtur}} {{GB|3VgDAAAAQAAJ|7a ed., 1683}} 8a ed., 1691 {{GB|4HM2AAAAMAAJ|9a ed., 1699}} {{GB|Lg9FAQAAMAAJ|fac-simile 10a ed., 1706}} * 1668 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''An idea of the perfection of painting, demonstrated from the principles of art and by examples'' * 1669 : ''The history of the three late famous imposters, viz. Padre Ottomano, Mahomed Bei, and Sabatei Sevi'' * 1674 : ''Navigation and commerce, in which His Majesties title to the dominion of the sea is asserted against the novel and later pretenders'' * 1693 (interpres, auctore J. de la Quintinie) : ''The compleat gardener'' * 1697 : ''Numismata: a discourse of medals, antient and modern... to which is added a digression concerning physiognomy''; [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/ Textus] * 1699 : ''[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: a discourse of sallets]]'' * 1787 : ''Terra: a philosophical discourse of earth'' separatim; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_terra-a-philosophical-d_evelyn-john-frs_1787 Textus] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080521013843/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/evelynnotes.html De Ioanne Evelyn apud Bibliothecam Britannicam] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=(Surname='Evelyn')&dsqPos=1 De Ioanne Evelyn apud Societatem Regalem] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Evelyn, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Nati 1620]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1706]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Franco-Anglici]] sgq93oyi7ntzhocsdn8nujgxuev7f13 3965611 3965608 2026-06-19T13:51:39Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3965611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} ''' Ioannes Evelyn'''<ref>Ipse anno 1697 [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/page/n5/mode/2up Johannes Evelyn] scripsit</ref> ([[Anglice]]: ''John Evelyn''), natus est die [[31 Octobris]] [[1620]] [[Wotton]] in oppido [[Surregia]]e; ibidem mortuus est die [[27 Februarii]] [[1706]]. Fuit [[scriptor]], [[architectus]] et [[hortorum cultus|horticultor]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]] qui et [[silvicultura]]e peritus fuit et de [[theologia]], [[architectura]] et [[vegetarianismus|vegatarianismo]] studuit. == Opera == [[Imago:John Evelyn by Hendrick Van der Borcht cropped.jpg|thumb| Ioannes Evelyn]] * 1649 (interpres, auctore François de la Mothe le Vayer) : ''Of liberty and servitude'' * 1652 : ''The state of France as it stood in the IXth year of ... Louis XIII'' * 1656 (interpres, auctore [[Lucretius|Lucretio]]) : ''An essay on the first book of T. Lucretius Carus De rerum natura'' * 1658/1659 (interpres, auctore [[Ioannes Chrysostomus|Ioanne Chrysostomo]]) : ''The golden book of St John Chrysostom, concerning the education of children'' * 1658 (interpres, auctore Nicolas de Bonnefons) : ''The French gardener, instructing how to cultivate all sorts of fruit-trees and herbs for the garden'' * 1659 : ''A character of England, as it was lately presented in a letter to a nobleman of France'' * 1659 : ''An apologie for the Royal party'' * 1660 : ''The late newes, or message from Bruxels unmasked'' * 1661 : ''Fumifugium, or The inconvenience of the aer and smoak of London dissipated'' * 1661 (interpres, auctore Gabriel Naudé) : ''Instructions concerning erecting of a library'' * 1661 : ''Tyrannus or The mode, in a discourse of sumptuary laws'' * 1661 : ''A panegyric to Charles the Second'' * 1662 : ''Sculptura: or the history, and art of chalcography and engraving in copper'' * 1664 : ''Sylva, or a discourse of forest trees'': cui adduntur 'Pomona' et 'Kalendarium hortense'; [https://archive.org/details/b30334044/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30337914/ editio 1670], [https://archive.org/details/CAT10981778/ aliud exemplar]; [https://archive.org/details/b30414155 editio 1706, cui adiungitur 'Acetaria'], [https://archive.org/details/Evelyn6496 aliud exemplar] * 1664 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''A parallel of the antient architecture with the modern'' * 1666 : ''Kalendarium hortense'' separatim. 2a ed. {{GB|gBVlAAAAcAAJ|3a ed., 1669}} {{Google Books|7K0tlH4qrRYC|6a ed., 1676: cui additur 'A philosophical discourse of earth', qui et separatim videtur}} {{GB|3VgDAAAAQAAJ|7a ed., 1683}} 8a ed., 1691 {{GB|4HM2AAAAMAAJ|9a ed., 1699}} {{GB|Lg9FAQAAMAAJ|fac-simile 10a ed., 1706}} * 1668 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''An idea of the perfection of painting, demonstrated from the principles of art and by examples'' * 1669 : ''The history of the three late famous imposters, viz. Padre Ottomano, Mahomed Bei, and Sabatei Sevi'' * 1674 : ''Navigation and commerce, in which His Majesties title to the dominion of the sea is asserted against the novel and later pretenders'' * 1693 (interpres, auctore J. de la Quintinie) : ''The compleat gardener'' * 1697 : ''Numismata: a discourse of medals, antient and modern... to which is added a digression concerning physiognomy''; [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/ Textus] * 1699 : ''[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: a discourse of sallets]]'' * 1787 : ''Terra: a philosophical discourse of earth'' separatim; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_terra-a-philosophical-d_evelyn-john-frs_1787 Textus] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080521013843/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/evelynnotes.html De Ioanne Evelyn apud Bibliothecam Britannicam] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=(Surname='Evelyn')&dsqPos=1 De Ioanne Evelyn apud Societatem Regalem] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Evelyn, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Nati 1620]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1706]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Franco-Anglici]] b1jkns0gsfj10ssspeyyqq3igfa3ifw 3965617 3965611 2026-06-19T14:01:52Z IacobusAmor 1163 3965617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ioannes Evelyn'''<ref>Ipse anno 1697 [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/page/n5/mode/2up Johannes Evelyn] scripsit.</ref> ([[Anglice]] ''John Evelyn''), natus die [[31 Octobris]] [[1620]] [[Wotton]] in oppido [[Surregia]]e; ibidem mortuus die [[27 Februarii]] [[1706]], fuit [[scriptor]], [[architectus]], et [[hortorum cultus|horticultor]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]], qui et [[silvicultura]]e peritus fuit et de [[theologia]], [[architectura]], et [[vegetarianismus|vegetarianismo]] studuit. == Opera == [[Fasciculus:John Evelyn by Hendrick Van der Borcht cropped.jpg|thumb| Ioannes Evelyn]] * 1649 (interpres, auctore François de la Mothe le Vayer) : ''Of liberty and servitude'' * 1652 : ''The state of France as it stood in the IXth year of ... Louis XIII'' * 1656 (interpres, auctore [[Lucretius|Lucretio]]) : ''An essay on the first book of T. Lucretius Carus De rerum natura'' * 1658/1659 (interpres, auctore [[Ioannes Chrysostomus|Ioanne Chrysostomo]]) : ''The golden book of St John Chrysostom, concerning the education of children'' * 1658 (interpres, auctore Nicolas de Bonnefons) : ''The French gardener, instructing how to cultivate all sorts of fruit-trees and herbs for the garden'' * 1659 : ''A character of England, as it was lately presented in a letter to a nobleman of France'' * 1659 : ''An apologie for the Royal party'' * 1660 : ''The late newes, or message from Bruxels unmasked'' * 1661 : ''Fumifugium, or The inconvenience of the aer and smoak of London dissipated'' * 1661 (interpres, auctore Gabriel Naudé) : ''Instructions concerning erecting of a library'' * 1661 : ''Tyrannus or The mode, in a discourse of sumptuary laws'' * 1661 : ''A panegyric to Charles the Second'' * 1662 : ''Sculptura: or the history, and art of chalcography and engraving in copper'' * 1664 : ''Sylva, or a discourse of forest trees'': cui adduntur 'Pomona' et 'Kalendarium hortense'; [https://archive.org/details/b30334044/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30337914/ editio 1670], [https://archive.org/details/CAT10981778/ aliud exemplar]; [https://archive.org/details/b30414155 editio 1706, cui adiungitur 'Acetaria'], [https://archive.org/details/Evelyn6496 aliud exemplar] * 1664 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''A parallel of the antient architecture with the modern'' * 1666 : ''Kalendarium hortense'' separatim. 2a ed. {{GB|gBVlAAAAcAAJ|3a ed., 1669}} {{Google Books|7K0tlH4qrRYC|6a ed., 1676: cui additur 'A philosophical discourse of earth', qui et separatim videtur}} {{GB|3VgDAAAAQAAJ|7a ed., 1683}} 8a ed., 1691 {{GB|4HM2AAAAMAAJ|9a ed., 1699}} {{GB|Lg9FAQAAMAAJ|fac-simile 10a ed., 1706}} * 1668 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''An idea of the perfection of painting, demonstrated from the principles of art and by examples'' * 1669 : ''The history of the three late famous imposters, viz. Padre Ottomano, Mahomed Bei, and Sabatei Sevi'' * 1674 : ''Navigation and commerce, in which His Majesties title to the dominion of the sea is asserted against the novel and later pretenders'' * 1693 (interpres, auctore J. de la Quintinie) : ''The compleat gardener'' * 1697 : ''Numismata: a discourse of medals, antient and modern... to which is added a digression concerning physiognomy''; [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/ Textus] * 1699 : ''[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: a discourse of sallets]]'' * 1787 : ''Terra: a philosophical discourse of earth'' separatim; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_terra-a-philosophical-d_evelyn-john-frs_1787 Textus] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080521013843/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/evelynnotes.html De Ioanne Evelyn apud Bibliothecam Britannicam] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=(Surname='Evelyn')&dsqPos=1 De Ioanne Evelyn apud Societatem Regalem] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Lifetime|1620|1706|Evelyn, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Franco-Anglici]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] hvpgctucaqlg167xej1oskh9ohbieqk 3965730 3965617 2026-06-20T11:24:10Z Andronikos Komnenos 1527 /* Nexus externi */ Nexus 3965730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ioannes Evelyn'''<ref>Ipse anno 1697 [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/page/n5/mode/2up Johannes Evelyn] scripsit.</ref> ([[Anglice]] ''John Evelyn''), natus die [[31 Octobris]] [[1620]] [[Wotton]] in oppido [[Surregia]]e; ibidem mortuus die [[27 Februarii]] [[1706]], fuit [[scriptor]], [[architectus]], et [[hortorum cultus|horticultor]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]], qui et [[silvicultura]]e peritus fuit et de [[theologia]], [[architectura]], et [[vegetarianismus|vegetarianismo]] studuit. == Opera == [[Fasciculus:John Evelyn by Hendrick Van der Borcht cropped.jpg|thumb| Ioannes Evelyn]] * 1649 (interpres, auctore François de la Mothe le Vayer) : ''Of liberty and servitude'' * 1652 : ''The state of France as it stood in the IXth year of ... Louis XIII'' * 1656 (interpres, auctore [[Lucretius|Lucretio]]) : ''An essay on the first book of T. Lucretius Carus De rerum natura'' * 1658/1659 (interpres, auctore [[Ioannes Chrysostomus|Ioanne Chrysostomo]]) : ''The golden book of St John Chrysostom, concerning the education of children'' * 1658 (interpres, auctore Nicolas de Bonnefons) : ''The French gardener, instructing how to cultivate all sorts of fruit-trees and herbs for the garden'' * 1659 : ''A character of England, as it was lately presented in a letter to a nobleman of France'' * 1659 : ''An apologie for the Royal party'' * 1660 : ''The late newes, or message from Bruxels unmasked'' * 1661 : ''Fumifugium, or The inconvenience of the aer and smoak of London dissipated'' * 1661 (interpres, auctore Gabriel Naudé) : ''Instructions concerning erecting of a library'' * 1661 : ''Tyrannus or The mode, in a discourse of sumptuary laws'' * 1661 : ''A panegyric to Charles the Second'' * 1662 : ''Sculptura: or the history, and art of chalcography and engraving in copper'' * 1664 : ''Sylva, or a discourse of forest trees'': cui adduntur 'Pomona' et 'Kalendarium hortense'; [https://archive.org/details/b30334044/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30337914/ editio 1670], [https://archive.org/details/CAT10981778/ aliud exemplar]; [https://archive.org/details/b30414155 editio 1706, cui adiungitur 'Acetaria'], [https://archive.org/details/Evelyn6496 aliud exemplar] * 1664 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''A parallel of the antient architecture with the modern'' * 1666 : ''Kalendarium hortense'' separatim. 2a ed. {{GB|gBVlAAAAcAAJ|3a ed., 1669}} {{Google Books|7K0tlH4qrRYC|6a ed., 1676: cui additur 'A philosophical discourse of earth', qui et separatim videtur}} {{GB|3VgDAAAAQAAJ|7a ed., 1683}} 8a ed., 1691 {{GB|4HM2AAAAMAAJ|9a ed., 1699}} {{GB|Lg9FAQAAMAAJ|fac-simile 10a ed., 1706}} * 1668 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''An idea of the perfection of painting, demonstrated from the principles of art and by examples'' * 1669 : ''The history of the three late famous imposters, viz. Padre Ottomano, Mahomed Bei, and Sabatei Sevi'' * 1674 : ''Navigation and commerce, in which His Majesties title to the dominion of the sea is asserted against the novel and later pretenders'' * 1693 (interpres, auctore J. de la Quintinie) : ''The compleat gardener'' * 1697 : ''Numismata: a discourse of medals, antient and modern... to which is added a digression concerning physiognomy''; [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/ Textus] * 1699 : ''[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: a discourse of sallets]]'' * 1787 : ''Terra: a philosophical discourse of earth'' separatim; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_terra-a-philosophical-d_evelyn-john-frs_1787 Textus] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080521013843/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/evelynnotes.html De Ioanne Evelyn apud Bibliothecam Britannicam] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=(Surname='Evelyn')&dsqPos=1 De Ioanne Evelyn apud Societatem Regalem] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://thegardenhistory.blog/2018/09/15/john-evelyns-elysium-britannicum/ John Evelyn's ''Elysium Britannicum''] {{Lifetime|1620|1706|Evelyn, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Franco-Anglici]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] rochu5yqb4ecr5sq06h8bv5mdtmw3ez 3965731 3965730 2026-06-20T11:26:03Z Andronikos Komnenos 1527 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Ephemeridographi]] 3965731 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ioannes Evelyn'''<ref>Ipse anno 1697 [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/page/n5/mode/2up Johannes Evelyn] scripsit.</ref> ([[Anglice]] ''John Evelyn''), natus die [[31 Octobris]] [[1620]] [[Wotton]] in oppido [[Surregia]]e; ibidem mortuus die [[27 Februarii]] [[1706]], fuit [[scriptor]], [[architectus]], et [[hortorum cultus|horticultor]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]], qui et [[silvicultura]]e peritus fuit et de [[theologia]], [[architectura]], et [[vegetarianismus|vegetarianismo]] studuit. == Opera == [[Fasciculus:John Evelyn by Hendrick Van der Borcht cropped.jpg|thumb| Ioannes Evelyn]] * 1649 (interpres, auctore François de la Mothe le Vayer) : ''Of liberty and servitude'' * 1652 : ''The state of France as it stood in the IXth year of ... Louis XIII'' * 1656 (interpres, auctore [[Lucretius|Lucretio]]) : ''An essay on the first book of T. Lucretius Carus De rerum natura'' * 1658/1659 (interpres, auctore [[Ioannes Chrysostomus|Ioanne Chrysostomo]]) : ''The golden book of St John Chrysostom, concerning the education of children'' * 1658 (interpres, auctore Nicolas de Bonnefons) : ''The French gardener, instructing how to cultivate all sorts of fruit-trees and herbs for the garden'' * 1659 : ''A character of England, as it was lately presented in a letter to a nobleman of France'' * 1659 : ''An apologie for the Royal party'' * 1660 : ''The late newes, or message from Bruxels unmasked'' * 1661 : ''Fumifugium, or The inconvenience of the aer and smoak of London dissipated'' * 1661 (interpres, auctore Gabriel Naudé) : ''Instructions concerning erecting of a library'' * 1661 : ''Tyrannus or The mode, in a discourse of sumptuary laws'' * 1661 : ''A panegyric to Charles the Second'' * 1662 : ''Sculptura: or the history, and art of chalcography and engraving in copper'' * 1664 : ''Sylva, or a discourse of forest trees'': cui adduntur 'Pomona' et 'Kalendarium hortense'; [https://archive.org/details/b30334044/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30337914/ editio 1670], [https://archive.org/details/CAT10981778/ aliud exemplar]; [https://archive.org/details/b30414155 editio 1706, cui adiungitur 'Acetaria'], [https://archive.org/details/Evelyn6496 aliud exemplar] * 1664 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''A parallel of the antient architecture with the modern'' * 1666 : ''Kalendarium hortense'' separatim. 2a ed. {{GB|gBVlAAAAcAAJ|3a ed., 1669}} {{Google Books|7K0tlH4qrRYC|6a ed., 1676: cui additur 'A philosophical discourse of earth', qui et separatim videtur}} {{GB|3VgDAAAAQAAJ|7a ed., 1683}} 8a ed., 1691 {{GB|4HM2AAAAMAAJ|9a ed., 1699}} {{GB|Lg9FAQAAMAAJ|fac-simile 10a ed., 1706}} * 1668 (interpres, auctore Roland Fréart) : ''An idea of the perfection of painting, demonstrated from the principles of art and by examples'' * 1669 : ''The history of the three late famous imposters, viz. Padre Ottomano, Mahomed Bei, and Sabatei Sevi'' * 1674 : ''Navigation and commerce, in which His Majesties title to the dominion of the sea is asserted against the novel and later pretenders'' * 1693 (interpres, auctore J. de la Quintinie) : ''The compleat gardener'' * 1697 : ''Numismata: a discourse of medals, antient and modern... to which is added a digression concerning physiognomy''; [https://archive.org/details/numismatadiscour00evel/ Textus] * 1699 : ''[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: a discourse of sallets]]'' * 1787 : ''Terra: a philosophical discourse of earth'' separatim; [https://archive.org/details/bim_eighteenth-century_terra-a-philosophical-d_evelyn-john-frs_1787 Textus] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080521013843/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/evelynnotes.html De Ioanne Evelyn apud Bibliothecam Britannicam] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [http://www.royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqCmd=Show.tcl&dsqDb=Persons&dsqSearch=(Surname='Evelyn')&dsqPos=1 De Ioanne Evelyn apud Societatem Regalem] {{Ling|Anglice}} * [https://thegardenhistory.blog/2018/09/15/john-evelyns-elysium-britannicum/ John Evelyn's ''Elysium Britannicum''] {{Lifetime|1620|1706|Evelyn, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes Franco-Anglici]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Socii Regalis Societatis Londiniensis]] [[Categoria:Ephemeridographi]] qigido52br96kgg1k6060gwhq19kt5v 0 54666 3965672 3847685 2026-06-19T20:23:24Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3965672 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Wherfriedricholbricht19.jpg|thumb|Fridericus Olbricht (1939)]] ''' Fridericus Olbricht''' (natus [[Leisnicium|Leisnicii]] in oppido [[Saxonia]]e die [[4 Octobris]] [[1888]]; supplicio affectus [[Berolinum|Berolini]] die [[21 Iulii]] [[1944]]) fuit vir miltaris et generalis [[Germania|Germanicus]], qui inter dictaturam [[NSDAP|Nazistam]] in secreto contra [[tyrannis|tyrannidem]] pugnavit. Olbricht inter coniurationis [[Coniuratio 20 Iulii 1944|20 Iulii 1944]] conspiratores fuit. ==Bibliographia== * Friedrich Georgi, ''Soldat im Widerstand. General der Infanterie Friedrich Olbricht''; 2. Aufl., Berolini et Hamburgi 1989 (ISBN 3-489-50134-9) * Helena P. Page, ''General Friedrich Olbricht. Ein Mann des 20. Juli''; 2. Aufl., Bonnae et Berolini 1994 (ISBN 3-416-02514-8) == Nexus externi == {{PND|11884332X|nomen=Friderici Olbricht aut de Friderico Olbricht}} * [http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/ OlbrichtFriedrich / Biographia Friderici Olbricht] in Museo historico Germaniae ''(Deutsches Historisches Museum'') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081004230034/http://www.charlottenburg-nord.de/Ploetzenseer_Totentanz/Geschichte_Widerstand_33_bis_45/Strassennamen/Friedrich_Olbricht.html Brevis biographia cum imagine apud comunitatem evangelicam Charlottenburg-Nord] {{Ling|Germanice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1888|1944|Olbricht, Fridericus}} [[Categoria:Participes primi belli mundani]] [[Categoria:Participes secundi belli mundani]] [[Categoria:Milites Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Victimae Nazistarum]] keac3x28hjpghurb9bgdqmouvd27v8h 0 59048 3965703 3955705 2026-06-20T01:33:09Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[c:COM:CDC|automaton]]: Substituens [[File:Mary_Harrison_McKee_in_fur_trimmed_jacket_and_muff_-_DPLA_-_bcd7d851a4ea5fcdd11b41486c3fc2c2.jpg]] pro File:Mary_Harrison_McKee_in_fur_trimmed_jacket_and_muff_-_DPLA_-_7dc6ed42af37c56a51df51564f9eaa80.jpg. Commo 3965703 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Mary Harrison McKee in fur trimmed jacket and muff - DPLA - bcd7d851a4ea5fcdd11b41486c3fc2c2.jpg|thumb|Maria Harrison McKee (circa 1880)]] '''Maria Scott Harrison McKee''' (nata [[Indianapolis|Indianapoli]] in [[Indiana]] die [[3 Aprilis]] [[1858]]; mortua die [[28 Octobris]] [[1930]]) fuit [[Beniamin Harrison|Beniamini Harrison]] filia, quae prima reipublicae domina egit post mortem [[Carolina Harrison|Carolinae Harrison]] matris. == Nexus externus == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040102084616/http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/firstladies/ch23.html De eius vira apud Domus Albae paginam] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Dominae Primae (CFA)}} {{Lifetime|1858|1930|Mckee, Maria Harrison}} [[Categoria:Dominae Primae (CFA)]] [[Categoria:Incolae Indianae]] qrf615wrji1t5vduvhrsgcp3l3yqcn7 10 78056 3965664 3921101 2026-06-19T18:00:18Z DimiDimi 155605 UEFA: logo replacement png > svg 3965664 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>[[Fasciculus:<!--- --->{{#switch: {{{1}}} <!-- Societates internationales --> | Aerarium Monetarium Internationale = Lagarde, Christine (IMF 2009).jpg <!-- imago --> | Argentaria mundana = Logo The World Bank.svg <!-- emblema --> | Communitas Africae Orientalis = Emblem of East African Community.svg <!-- emblema --> | Consilium Europae = Flag of Europe.svg <!-- vexillum Europae --> | Consociatio ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali = Flag of NATO 1.svg <!-- vexillum --> | Consortio Populorum = Queen Elizabeth II and the Prime Ministers of the Commonwealth Nations, at Windsor Castle (1960 Commonwealth Prime Minister's Conference).jpg <!-- imago --> | FIFA = Flag of FIFA.svg <!-- vexillum --> | Foedus Arabicum = Emblem of the Arab League.svg | Francophonia = Flag of La Francophonie.svg <!-- vexillum --> | IAEA = Flag of IAEA.svg <!-- vexillum --> | Internationalis Socialistica = International-founding-1864.jpg <!-- imago --> | Latinitas = CiceroBust.jpg <!-- imago --> | Nationes Unitae = Emblem of the United Nations.svg <!-- emblema --> | OCDE = José Ángel Gurría headshot.jpg <!-- imago --> | Ordo Civitatum Americanarum = Flag of the Organization of American States.svg <!-- vexillum --> | Ordo mercaturae mundanae = Farm-Fresh flag wto.png <!-- emblema --> | Ordo mundi sanitarius = Flag of WHO.svg <!-f- vexillum --> | Procuratio energiae atomicae internationalis = Flag of IAEA.svg <!-- vexillum --> | Systema Internationale = SI base units.svg <!-- emblema non officiale --> | UEFA = UEFA logo.svg <!-- emblema --> | UNESCO = UNESCO logo.svg <!-- emblema --> | UNFCCC = 2011 logo symbol.jpg | Unio Africana = AU emblem.png | WTO = Farm-Fresh flag wto.png <!-- emblema --> <!-- Civitates hodiernae extra Unionem Europaeam --> | Abascia = Coat of arms of Abkhazia.svg | Aegyptus = Coat of arms of Egypt.svg | Aequatoria = Coat of arms of Ecuador.svg | Aethiopia = Emblem of Ethiopia.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Afgania = Emblem of Afghanistan.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Africa Australis = Motto of South Africa.svg <!-- legenda --> | Africa Media = Coat of arms of the Central African Republic.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Albania = Albania state emblem.svg | Algerium = Seal of Algeria.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Andorra = Insigne Andorranum.svg | Angolia = Coat of arms of Angola.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Antiqua et Barbuda = Insigne Antiquae et Barbudae.svg | Arabia Saudiana = Coat of arms of Saudi Arabia.svg | Arabia Saudita = Coat of arms of Saudi Arabia.svg | Argentina = Coat of arms of Argentina.svg | Armenia = Arms of Armenia.svg | Atropatene = Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Australia = Arms of Australia.svg | Insulae Bahamenses = Insigne Bahamarum.svg | Baharina = Bahrain men's national ice hockey team logo.png | Bangladesa = COA of Bangladesh.svg | Bangladesha = COA of Bangladesh.svg | Barbata = Insigne Barbatae.svg | Beliza = Coat of arms of Belize.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Beninum = Coat of arms of Benin.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Birmania = Peacock symbol Burma.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Bolivia = Coat of arms of Bolivia.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Bosnia = Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg | Bosnia et Herzegovina = Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg | Botsuana = Coat of arms of Botswana.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Botswana = Coat of arms of Botswana.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Brasilia = Coat of arms of Brazil.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Bruneium = Emblem of Brunei.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Burkina Faso = Coat of arms of Burkina Faso.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Burundia = Coat of arms of Burundi.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Butania = Emblem of Bhutan.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Cambodia= Arms of Cambodia.svg | Cambosia= Arms of Cambodia.svg | Cameronia = Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Cammarunia = Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Canada = Arms of Canada (shield).svg | Caput Viride = Coat of arms of Cape Verde.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | CFA = Coat of arms of the United States.svg | Chilia = Escudo chile(2).svg | Chirgisia = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Civitates Foederatae Americae = Coat of arms of the United States.svg | Civitates Foederatae Micronesiae = Seal of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg | Columbia = Coat of arms of Colombia (Regular use).svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Insulae Comorianae = Seal of the Comoros.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Res publica Congensis = Coat of Arms of the People's Republic of Congo.svg | Res publica democratica Congensis = Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Corea Meridiana = Emblem of South Korea.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Corea Septentrionalis = Emblem of North Korea.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Costarica = Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg | Cuba = Coat of arms of Cuba.svg | Cuvaitum = Coat of arms of Kuwait.svg | Cyprus Septentrionalis = Arms of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg | Dominica = Coat of arms of Dominica.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Res publica Dominicana = Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Emiratus Arabici Coniuncti plena = Emblem of the United Arab Emirates.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Emiratus Arabici Coniuncti = Arms of the United Arab Emirates.svg | Erythraea = Emblem of Eritrea (sinople argent naturel azur).svg <!-- Emblema --> | Insulae Faeroae = Coat of arms of the Faroe Islands.svg | Formosa = Republic of China National Emblem.svg | Gabon = Coat of arms of Gabon.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Gambia = Coat of arms of The Gambia.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Gana = Coat of arms of Ghana.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Georgia = Arms of Georgia.svg | Gibutum = Coat of arms of Djibouti.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Granata = Insigne Granatae.png | Guatemala = Coat of arms of Guatemala.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Guatimalia = Coat of arms of Guatemala.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Guiana = Coat of arms of Guyana.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Guinea = Coat of arms of Guinea.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Guinea Aequinoctialis = Coat of arms of Equatorial Guinea.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Guinea Bissaviensis = Coat of arms of Guinea-Bissau.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Haitia = Coat of arms of Haiti.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Helvetia = Coat of Arms of Switzerland (Pantone).svg | Honduria = Coat of arms of Honduras.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Iamaica = Insigne Iamaicae.svg | Iaponia = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Iemenia = Emblem of Yemen.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | India = Emblem of India.svg | Indonesia=Pancasila Perisai.svg | Iordania = Arms of Jordan.svg | Iracum = Arms of Iraq.svg | Irania = Emblem of Iran.svg <!-- emblema --> | Islandia = Arms of Iceland.svg | Israel = Emblem of Israel.svg | Kazachstania = Emblem of Kazakhstan.svg <!-- emblema --> | Kenia = Coat of arms of Kenya.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Kiribati = Coat of arms of Kiribati.svg | Kosovia = Coat of arms of Kosovo.svg | Kyrgyzstania = Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Laotia = Emblem of Laos.svg | Lesothum = Coat of arms of Lesotho.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Libanus = Coat of arms of Lebanon.svg | Liberia = Coat of arms of Liberia.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Libya = The emblem on the passport of Libya.svg <!-- emblema --> | Lichtenstenum = Greater arms of Liechtenstein.svg | Litus Eburneum = Coat of arms of Côte d'Ivoire.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Macedonia Septentrionalis = Coat of arms of North Macedonia.svg | Madagascaria = Seal of Madagascar.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Malaesia = Arms of Malaysia.svg | Malavia = Arms of Malawi.svg | Maldivae = Coat of arms of Maldives.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Insulae Maldivae = Coat of arms of Maldives.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Malia = Coat of arms of Mali.svg | Malium = Coat of arms of Mali.svg | Marocum = Coat of arms of Morocco Escutcheon.svg | Insulae Marsalienses = Seal of the Marshall Islands.svg <!-- Sigillum --> | Mauritania = National Seal of Mauritania.svg | Mauritia = Coat of arms of Mauritius.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Mexicum = Coat of arms of Mexico.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Micronesia = Seal of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg | Moldavia = Arms of Moldova.svg | Respublica Moldavica = Arms of Moldova.svg | Mongolia = State emblem of Mongolia.svg | Monoecus = Coat of arms of Grimaldi.svg | Mons Leoninus = Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Mons Niger = Arms of Montenegro.svg | Mozambicum = Emblem of Mozambique.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Nagorno-Karabakh = Arms of Nagorno-Karabakh.svg | Namibia = Coat of arms of Namibia.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Nauru = Coat of arms of Nauru.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Nepalia = Coat of arms of Nepal.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Nicaragua = Coat of arms of Nicaragua.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Nigeria = Seal of the President of Nigeria.svg <!-- Sigillum --> | Res publica Nigritana = Coat of Arms of Niger.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Nova Zelandia = Arms of New Zealand.svg | Omania = National emblem of Oman.svg <!-- emblema --> | Pakistania = Arms of Pakistan.svg | Palau = Seal of Palau.svg <!-- Sigillum --> | Panama = Coat of arms of Panama.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Papua Nova Guinea = National Emblem of Papua New Guinea.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Paraguaia = Coat of arms of Paraguay.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Peruvia = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg | Philippinae = Arms of the Philippines.svg | Phylarchiarum Arabicarum Confoederatio = Arms of the United Arab Emirates.svg | Principatus Monoeci = Coat of arms of Grimaldi.svg | Promunturium Viride = Coat of arms of Cape Verde.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Quataria = Emblem of Qatar-2022.svg <!-- Emblema --> | Ruanda = Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Russia = Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg | Ruthenia Alba = Official coat of arms of the Republic of Belarus (v).svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Insulae Salomonis = Insigne Insularum Salomonis.svg | Salvatoria = Insigne Salvatoriae.svg | Samoa = Insigne Samoae.svg | Sancta Lucia = Insigne Sanctae Luciae.svg | Res publica Sancti Marini = Arms of San Marino.svg | Sanctus Marinus = Arms of San Marino.svg | Sanctus Christophorus et Nives = Insigne Sancti Christophori et Nivium.svg | Insulae Sancti Thomae et Principis = Insigne Insularum Sancti Thomae et Principis.png | Sanctus Vincentius et Granatinae = St Vincent and the Grenadines Government Arms.svg | Insulae Seisellenses = Insigne Insularum Seisellensium.svg | Senegalia = Insigne Senegaliae.svg | Serbia = Arms of Serbia.svg | Serica = National Emblem of the People's Republic of China.svg | Sinae = National Emblem of the People's Republic of China.svg | Res publica Sinarum = National Emblem of the Republic of China.svg <!-- emblema --> | Singapura = Blason Singapour.svg | Somalia = Insigne Somaliae.svg | Srilanca = Emblem of Sri Lanka.svg <!-- emblema --> | Sudania = Emblem of Sudan.svg <!-- emblema --> | Sudania Australis = Coat of arms of South Sudan.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Surinamia = Insigne Surinamiae.svg | Swazia = Insigne Swaziae.svg | Syria = Insigne Syriae.svg | Tadzikistania = Emblem of Tajikistan.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Taiwania = National Emblem of the Republic of China.svg | Tanzania = Insigne Tanzaniae.svg | Taprobane = Emblem of Sri Lanka.svg <!-- emblema --> | Thailandia = Garuda Emblem of Thailand.svg <!-- emblema --> | Timoria Orientalis = Coat of arms of East Timor.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Togum = Coat of arms of Togo.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Tonga = Insigne Tongae.svg | Transnistria = Coat of arms of Transnistria (variant).svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Trinitas et Tabacum = Insigne Trinitatis et Tobaci.svg | Tunesia = Coat of arms of Tunisia.svg | Turcia = Emblem of the Republic of Turkey.svg | Turcomannia = Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg <!-- emblema --> | Tuvalu = Insigne Tuvalum.svg | Tzadia = Coat of arms of Chad.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Ucraina = Lesser Coat of Arms of Ukraine.svg | Uganda = Insigne Ugandae.svg | Uruguaia = Coat of arms of Uruguay.svg | Uzbecia = Coat of arms of Uzbekistan cyrillic.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Civitas Vaticana = Coat of arms of the Vatican City.svg | Vanuatu = Coat of arms of Vanuatu.svg | Venetiola = Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg | Vietnamia = Emblem of Vietnam.svg | Viti = Arms of Fiji.svg | Zambia = Coat of arms of Zambia.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Zimbabua = Coat of arms of Zimbabwe.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> <!-- Unio Europaea et civitates UE --> | Unio Europaea = Coat of arms of Europe.svg <!-- non officiale --> | Unio Europaea V = Flag of Europe.svg <!-- vexillum --> | Austria = Austria coat of arms simple.svg | Belgia = Royal Arms of Belgium.svg | Belgica = Royal Arms of Belgium.svg | Britanniarum Regnum = Arms of the United Kingdom.svg | Bulgaria = Coat of arms of Bulgaria (version by constitution).svg | Cechia = Small coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg | Cechia magna = Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg | Croatia = Croatian Chequy.svg | Cyprus = Lesser coat of arms of Cyprus.svg | Dania = National Coat of arms of Denmark.svg | Estonia = Small coat of arms of Estonia.svg | Finnia = Coat of arms of Finland.svg | Francia = Arms of France (UN variant).svg | Germania = Coat of arms of Germany.svg | Graecia = Lesser coat of arms of Greece.svg | Helvetia = Coat of Arms of Switzerland (Pantone).svg | Hibernia = Coat of arms of Ireland.svg | Hispania = Arms of Spain.svg | Hungaria = Arms of Hungary.svg | Italia = Emblem of Italy.svg | Lettonia = Lesser coat of arms of Latvia (escutcheon).svg | Lituania = Coat of Arms of Lithuania.svg | Luxemburgum = Coat of Arms of Luxembourg (Lesser) 2.svg | Melita = Arms of Malta.svg | Nederlandia = Arms of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.svg | Norvegia = Arms of Norway.svg | Polonia = Herb Polski.svg | Portugallia = Portuguese shield.svg | Regnum Britanniarum = Arms of the United Kingdom.svg | Romania = Coat of arms of Romania.svg | Slovacia = Coat of Arms of Slovakia.svg | Slovenia = Coat of Arms of Slovenia.svg | Suecia = Coat of arms of Sweden.svg | Suecia regalis = Blason Oscar II de Suède.svg <!-- Civitates et territoria CFA --> | Alabama = Seal of the Governor of Alabama.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Alasca = Seal of Alaska.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Arcansia = Seal of Arkansas.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Arizona = Arizona-StateSeal.svg <!-- sigillum --> | California = Seal of California.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Carolina Meridionalis = Seal of South Carolina.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Carolina Septentrionalis = Seal of North Carolina.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Cenomannica = Maine-StateSeal.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Coloratum = Seal of Colorado.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Connecticuta = Seal of Connecticut.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Dacota = Dakota territory coat of arms cropped.jpg | Dacota Meridiana = SouthDakota-StateSeal.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Dacota Septentrionalis = NorthDakota-StateSeal.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Delavaria = Seal of Delaware.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Florida = Seal of Florida.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Georgia CFA = Seal of Georgia.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Havaii = Seal of the State of Hawaii.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Idahum = Seal of Idaho.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Illinoesia = Seal of Illinois.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Indiana = Indiana-StateSeal.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Iova = Iowa-StateSeal.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Kansia = Seal of Kansas.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Kentukia = Seal of Kentucky.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Ludoviciana = Seal of Louisiana.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Marianae septentrionales = Seal of the Northern Mariana Islands (alternate).svg <!-- sigillum --> | Massachusetta = Coat of arms of Massachusetts.svg | Michigania = Seal of Michigan.svg | Minnesota = Minnesota-StateSeal.svg | Mississippia = Seal of Mississippi 2014.svg | Missuria = Seal of Missouri.svg | Mons Viridis = Coat of arms of Vermont.svg | Montana = Seal of Montana.svg | Nebrasca = Seal of Nebraska.svg | Nivata = State Seal of Nevada.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Nova Caesarea = Seal of New Jersey.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Nova Hantonia = Seal of New Hampshire.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Novum Eboracum (civitas) = Coat of Arms of New York.svg | Novum Mexicum = Seal of New Mexico.svg | Oclahoma = Seal of Oklahoma.svg | Ohium = Seal of Ohio.svg | Oregonia = Seal of Oregon.svg | Pennsilvania = Pennsylvania-StateSeal.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Rhodensis Insula = Seal of Rhode Island.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Tennesia = Tennessee-StateSeal.svg | Terra Mariae = Seal of Maryland (reverse).svg <!-- sigillum --> | Texia = Seal of Texas.svg | Uta = Utah-StateSeal.svg | Vasingtonia = Seal of Washington.svg | Virginia = Seal of Virginia.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Virginia Occidentalis = WestVirginia-StateSeal.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Visconsinia = Seal of Wisconsin.svg | Vyomina = Seal of Wyoming.svg <!-- Subdivisiones et territoria obnoxia civitatum aliarum --> | Abbatis Cella Interior = Wappen Appenzell Innerrhoden matt.svg | Alandia = Coat of arms of Åland.svg | Anglia = Royal Arms of England.svg | Austria Inferior = Niederösterreich CoA.svg | Austria Superior = Oberoesterreich Wappen.svg | Badenia = Coat of arms of Baden.svg | Bavaria = Arms of Bavaria.svg | Bohemia = Small coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg | Caesarea insula = Jersey coa.svg | Cambria = COA Cymru.png | Cambriae princeps = Prince of Wales's feathers Badge.svg | Carduchia = Coat of Arms of Kurdistan.svg | Catalaunia = Escudo de Cataluña.svg | Corsica = Coat of Arms of Corsica.svg | Curdistania = Coat of Arms of Kurdistan.svg | Faeroae insulae = Coat of arms of the Faroe Islands.svg | Finnia Propria = Varsinais-Suomen.vaakuna.svg | Flandria = Blason Comté de Flandre.svg | Groenlandia = Coat of arms of Greenland.svg | Hibernia Septentrionalis = NI shield.svg | Hongcongum = Hong Kong SAR Regional Emblem.svg <!-- emblema --> | Insula Franciae = Blason France moderne.svg | Insula Nivium = One penny stamp of Nevis.jpg <!-- nota postalicia --> | Johor = Coat of arms of Johor.svg | Kedah = Coat of arms of Kedah.svg | Kelantan = Coat of arms of Kelantan.svg | Macaum = Regional Emblem of Macau.svg | Malacca = Coat of arms of Malacca.svg | Moravia = Moravia.svg | Negeri Sembilan = Coat of arms of Negeri Sembilan.svg | Novum Brunsvicum = Arms of New Brunswick.svg | Pahang = Coat of arms of Pahang (Sultan).svg | Penang = Coat of arms of Penang.svg | Perak = Coat of arms of Perak.svg | Perlis = Coat of arms of Perlis.svg | Quebecum = Armoiries du Québec (blason).svg | Sabah = Coat of arms of Sabah.svg | Sarawak = Coat of arms of Sarawak.svg | Sardinia = Sardegna-Stemma.svg | Scotia = Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg | Sicilia = Coat of arms of Sicily.svg | Silesia = Silesia.svg | Valdensis = Wappen Waadt matt.svg | Vallonia = Coat of arms of Wallonia (Belgium).svg | Wallia = Coat of arms of Wales.svg | Wallonia = Coat of arms of Wallonia (Belgium).svg | Zanzibar = Flag of Zanzibar.svg <!-- vexillum --> <!-- Civitates antiquae --> | Aragonia = Blason d'Aragon.svg | Burgundia = Arms of Eudes de Bourgogne.svg | Comitatus Andegavensis = Blason comte fr Anjou.svg | Dominium Mediolanense de Turri = Coa fam ITA della torre.jpg | Dominium Mediolanense = Arms of the House of Visconti (1395).svg | Ducatus Andegavensis = Blason duche fr Anjou (moderne).svg | Ducatus Mediolanensis = Arms of the House of Sforza.svg | Imperium Austrohungaricum = Imperial Coat of Arms of the Empire of Austria.svg | Imperium Byzantinum = Device of the Palaiologos Dynasty.svg | Imperium Francicum = Arms of the French Empire2.svg | Imperium Germanicum = Imperial Coat of arms of Germany (1889–1918).svg | Imperium Latinum = Blason maison fr de Courtenay-Constantinople.svg | Imperium Romanum = Spqrstone.jpg | Imperium sacrum Romanum = Arms of the Holy Roman Empire (after 1433).svg | Imperium Trapezuntinum = Banner of the Empire of Trebizond.svg | Regnum Francorum ant = Blason pays fr France ancien.svg | Regnum Francorum mod = Blason France moderne.svg | Regnum Italiae = Lesser coat of arms of the Kingdom of Italy (1890).svg | Res publica Vimariana = Wappen Deutsches Reich (Weimarer Republik).svg | Sacrum Romanum Imperium = Arms of the Holy Roman Empire (after 1433).svg | Unio Sovietica = State Emblem of the Soviet Union.svg | Res publica Texana = Seal of the Republic of Texas (1839).svg | Venedotia = Arms of Llywelyn.svg | Vietnamia Septentrionalis = Coat of arms of North Vietnam.svg | Vietnamia Meridionalis = Coat of Arms of South Vietnam (1963 - 1975).svg <!-- Urbes --> | Amstelodamum = Wapen Amsterdam.svg | Angelopolis = Coat of arms of Los Angeles.svg | Augusta Taurinorum = Turin coat of arms.svg | Barcino = Coat of Arms of Barcelona.svg | Belna = Biel-coat of arms.svg | Bonus Aër = Escudo de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.svg | Bucaresta = ROU Bucharest CoA.svg | Budapestinum = BlasonHU-budapest.svg | Bruna = Brno (znak).svg | Burdigala = Coat of Arms of Bordeaux.svg | Castrum Danorum = Coat of arms of Tallinn.svg | Constantinopolis = Dot istanbul logo.png <!-- logotypus interretialis --> | Erevanum = Coat of Arms of Yerevan.png | Florentia = Firenze-Stemma.png | Franciscopolis (California) = SFSEAL.svg <!-- Sigillum --> | Genava = Wappen Genf matt.svg | Urbs Guatimalensis = Escudo de Armas de la Ciudad de Guatemala.svg | Hafnia = Coat of arms of Copenhagen.svg | Hongcongum = Hong Kong SAR Regional Emblem.svg <!-- emblema --> | Hongcongum Britannicum = Lesser Coat of arms of Hong Kong (1959-1997).svg | Insula (Francia) = Blason ville fr Lille (Nord).svg | Jakarta = Jakarta COA.svg | Lentia = Wappen Linz.svg | Lima = Coat of Arms of Lima.svg <!-- Insignia plena --> | Londinium Maius = Arms of the Greater London Council.svg | Lugdunum = Blason_Ville_fr_Lyon.svg | Lutetia = Blason paris 75.svg | Managua = Arms of Managua.svg | Massilia = Blason Marseille.svg | Mexicopolis = Coat of arms of Mexican Federal District.svg | Monacum = Muenchen Kleines Stadtwappen.svg | Urbs Montis Videi = Montevideo Department Coat of Arms.svg | Neapolis = CoA Città di Napoli 2.svg | Novum Eboracum (urbs) = Arms of New York City.svg | Olisipo = Insigne Olipsionis.svg | Paulopolis = Brasão da cidade de São Paulo.svg | Philadelphia = Seal of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.svg | Philadelphia (Pennsilvania) = Seal of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.svg | Posonium = Coat of Arms of Bratislava.svg | Praga = Praha CoA CZ small.svg | Quitum = Coat of Arms of Quito.svg | Reykiavica = Reykjavik Coat of Arms.svg | Roma = Insigne Romanum.svg | Salisburgum = AUT Salzburg (Stadt) COA.svg | Urbs Sancti Salvatoris = Escudo de San Salvador (2015).svg | Serdica = Coat of arms of Sofia.svg | Seulum = Seal of Seoul.svg <!-- emblema seu sigillum --> | Taipeia = Emblem of Taipei City.svg <!-- emblema --> | Tallinna = Coat of arms of Tallinn.svg | Tergeste = Free Territory of Trieste coat of arms.svg | Tokium = PrefSymbol-Tokyo.svg <!-- emblema --> | Torontum = Blason ville ca Toronto (Ontario).svg | Tyrana = Stema e Bashkisë Tiranë.svg | Urbs Fluminensis = Arms of Rio de Janeiro.svg | Venetiae = CoA Città di Venezia.gif | Vindobona = Wien Wappen.svg <!-- Religiones --> | Archidioecesis Cantuariensis = Archbishop of Canterbury arms.svg | Patriarchatus Moscuensis = Christ the Savior Cathedral Moscow.jpg <!-- imago --> | Ordo Hospitalis = Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (variant).svg <!-- insignia plena --> | Ordo Templariorum = Knights Templar Cross.svg <!-- emblema --> <!-- Instituta --> | Academia Goncourt = Edmond de Goncourt par Félix Henri Bracquemond cropped.jpg <!-- imago --> | Academia Nationalis Scientiarum = NationalAcademySciences 07110011.jpg <!-- imago --> | Orchestra Gewandhaus Lipsiensis = Gewandhausorchester Logo 2015.svg <!-- logogramma --> | Orchestra philharmonica Neo-Eboracensis = Avery Fisher Hall.jpg <!-- imago --> | Orchestra symphonica Chicagoensis = Orchestra_Hall,_Chicago_Symphony_Center.jpg <!-- imago --> | Pinacotheca Nationalis (Britannia) = National Gallery, London.jpg <!-- imago --> | Schola Bellarum Artium Parisiensis = Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury Dagron 1880 BNF Gallica.jpg <!-- imago --> | Systema aerarium foederale = US-FederalReserveBoard-Seal.svg <!-- sigillum --> | Theatrum operaticum civicum Vindobonense = Wien - Staatsoper (1).JPG <!-- imago --> | Universitas Cantabrigiensis = University of Cambridge coat of arms.svg | Universitas Oxoniensis = Oxford University Coat Of Arms.svg <!-- Factiones --> | Germania CDU = CDU logo.svg <!-- emblema --> |#default=Coats of arms of None.svg }}<!--- --->|link={{{nexus|{{{1}}}}}}|{{ #if: {{{amplitudo|}}}| {{{amplitudo}}}|20px}}]]{{ #if: {{{scriptum|}}}| {{#switch: {{{scriptum}}} | nil=|&nbsp;{{{scriptum}}}}}|&nbsp;[[{{{1}}}]]}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> j7uowxpoymp2c99s6g9me5a3b360lq9 0 101407 3965671 3736661 2026-06-19T20:22:11Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3965671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} ''' Petrus Apianus''' ([[Germanice]] ''' Peter Bennewitz ''' natus [[Leisnicium|Leisnicii]] die [[16 Aprilis]] [[1495]]; mortuus in [[Ingolstadium|Ingolstadii]] die [[21 Aprilis]] [[1552]]) fuit [[humanista]], [[astrologus]], [[cartographus]] et [[mathematicus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]] qui apud [[Alma Mater Lipsiensis|Almam Matrem Lipsiensem]] studuit. Fuit primus Europaeus qui [[triangulum arithmeticum Pascalianum]] descripsit. == Opera selecta == [[Image:Apian - Folium populi, s. d. - 1211192.jpg|thumb|''Folium populi'']] * Cosmographicus Liber (Landshut 1524), a [[Gemma Frisius|Gemma Frisio]] editus est. * Astronomicum Caesareum. (1540) == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Petrus Apianus|Petrum Apianum}} * {{PND|118645455}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1495|1552|Appianus, Petrus}} [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Astrologi]] [[Categoria:Mathematici Germaniae]] ffwze2acuvknnkdkh71ktbbronbjbkg 0 119001 3965692 3965192 2026-06-20T00:40:54Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 minora 3965692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva}} {{res|Reticulum}} potest significare: * [[Reticulum computatrale]]: structura nexuum computatra inter * [[Reticulum (mathematica)]]: structura mathematica conceptus inclusionis, disjunctionis, et conjunctionis formalizans * [[Reticulum endoplasmaticum]]: structura [[Cellula|cellularis]] eukaryotica, quae [[proteina|proteinas]] regulat * [[Reticulum (constellatio)]]: constellatio in caelo australi, cum [[ascensio recta|ascensione recta]] 3 h 13 m–4 h 37 m et [[declinatio|declinatione]] -67°–-52° suskb9gicy8bcfo47d04mjexclrds9q 3965701 3965692 2026-06-20T01:25:49Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3965701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva}} {{res|Reticulum}} potest significare: * '''[[Reticulum computatrale]]''': nexuum structura inter computatra * '''[[Reticulum (mathematica)]]''': structura mathematica conceptūs inclusionis, disjunctionis, et conjunctionis formalizans * '''[[Reticulum endoplasmaticum]]''': structura [[Cellula|cellularis]] eukaryotica, quae [[proteina|proteinas]] regulat * '''[[Reticulum (constellatio)]]''': constellatio in caelo australi, cum [[ascensio recta|ascensione recta]] 3 h 13 m–4 h 37 m et [[declinatio|declinatione]] inter -67° et -52° co3q8r3qbuqvybboz9ac8kq3rvrzjww 11 121824 3965710 3263156 2026-06-20T05:03:53Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Antiquae disputationes|Antiquae disputationes]]}} 3965710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Antiquae disputationes | ab = 2011-05-04 | ad = 2011-06-04 }} == Not working yet == ... ? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:35, 4 Maii 2011 (UTC) :It works without <nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki> in articles ;) --[[Usor:Amphitrite|Aylin]] 12:56, 4 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::Silly of me! Thanks! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:00, 4 Maii 2011 (UTC) =="Haec appellatio . . . converta est."== Nonne recte ''conversa est''&thinsp;? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 13:20, 4 Maii 2011 (UTC) : Grrr. --[[Usor:Robert.Baruch|Robert.Baruch]] 14:38, 4 Maii 2011 (UTC) ==De formula== ''Noli putare eam testificari'' ut videtur Anglice 'Don't suppose that it bears witness' significat—et hunc patrium sermonem meum non intellego! ''Quid'' non testificatur ea? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 11:34, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) :I guess it was intended to mean "Don't suppose that it bears witness [to the existence of earlier citations for this Latin term]"! Would you care to suggest a better phrasing? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:08, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::Mea culpa. I thought it was ''testificare'', so my intent was 'Don't suppose that it is attested'. Perhaps ''Noli putare eam esse testatam''? --[[Usor:Robert.Baruch|Robert.Baruch]] 16:34, 31 Maii 2011 (UTC) :::Of course, I see it now. A possible alternative: "Haec appellatio, nusquam alibi reperta, a Vicipaediano ex lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:10, 31 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::::I like it. If there aren't any objections, I'd like to change the text to what you suggested. --[[Usor:Robert.Baruch|Robert.Baruch]] 22:06, 31 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::::: If this formula is meant for placenames, then perhaps "Haec loci appellatio, . . ." [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] 23:15, 31 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::::::I believe that for place names we should not use this one, and use {{fn|fontes desiderati}} instead. In my opinion, unless a place name has a reasonable source for a Latin name, it should not be changed.--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 00:45, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :::::::Personally I agree with you. I think when we make a name such as [[Saeptum Collegii (Terra Mariae)]] (as we did recently) or [[Lutetia (Texas)]] (as we might do) we are misunderstanding the function of place names and the nature of translation. It is true that other writers of modern Latin sometimes make such names; in which case, our rules allow us to follow them (though we also mention the everyday name). But we shouldn't be the inventors. :::::::I wonder whether there would be consensus for a tightening of our rules on place names? If others want to discuss it, we should perhaps move this discussion to [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Translatio nominum propriorum]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:14, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::::I'd go for it. I feel that this formula is adequate for the latinisation and translation of common things which will difficulty have been translated into Latin (like foods), as opposed to person/place (proper) names. Book titles, institutions, videogames and films... well. I belive these need further discussion.--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 09:31, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::::: I took the specification "loci apellatio" from Robert's recent note (under "Problems?"). I have been against "Saeptum collegii" and the kind all the time but sordinoed myself because I believed that the official consensus is for it. Personally, I agree with Andrew's statement "we are misunderstanding the function of place names and the nature of translation". [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] 10:46, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::::::If (as historians assume) Paris, Texas, was named after Paris, France (i.e., [[Lutetia]]), what's wrong with [[Lutetia (Texia)]]? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 12:09, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::::::: Notice that my words „"Saeptum collegii" and the kind‟ weren't supposed to include "Lutetia (Texia)" but rather [[Disputatio:Fons Argenteus (Terra Mariae)|Fons Argenteus]] and the kind. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] 17:31, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::: I have added the appropriate discussion section under [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Translatio nominum propriorum]]. --[[Usor:Robert.Baruch|Robert.Baruch]] 15:53, 2 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::::Good idea. I have repeated there the "Lutetia (Texas)" remarks (copied from above) and added a brief response. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:40, 2 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :::::::::Somehow I've been unable to get the gist of all those signals that have been thrown in various discussions about neologisms. I'm all for translating common things like culinary terms and tagging them with <nowiki>{{Convertimus}}</nowiki>, provided that one is well-versed enough in Latin (I still remember the discussion on "Ringum"). I have myself smuggled in a few neologisms in order to be able to write about modern linguistics in Latin. As to titles of books, films etc not released in Latin, I believe that a reasonable consensus has already been reached. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] 10:46, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::::::(How much fun is it to read "[[ringum]]" and "[[sumpa]]" now...) Being serious now. Considering this, should we add a note about the {{fn|convertimus}} formula at [[VP:TNP]] and [[VP:NF]]?--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 10:55, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :::::::::::I once made a rule for myself that I would introduce one newly-invented word into any article I published. But that was in English (and I soon forgot about it). If I do it in Latin, it's more likely to be unconscious and regrettable. :::::::::::I think neologisms are fine in their place: in text, carefully introduced with sufficient signals to ensure a reader will be able to understand them easily. I don't think their place is in the lemma of an encyclopedia article. :::::::::::Is "sordinoed" a neologism, Neander? I have my suspicions ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:42, 4 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :::::::::::: Well, I thought "sordino" might work as a verb, too. A few years ago, in a paper that I wrote on a linguistic subject, I tried to use "banner" neologistically as a verb: "to banner for sthing" = "to advertise aggressively for sthing", but my referee didn't accept it in the text. But the paper was accepted, nevertheless. :-) Andrew, I couldn't agree more with what you said about the use and introduction of Latin neologisms. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] 12:39, 4 Iunii 2011 (UTC) == Problems? == How does this formula relate to <nowiki>{{Fontes desiderati}}</nowiki> and "Noli fingere"? Doesn't this formula smuggle in some licence to translate into Latin nearly everything that can be translated. That, it seems to me, was the principle our Vicipaedian forefathers once started out from. For fun, cf. [[Disputatio:Corcagia]]. If we "convertimus" names of games not released in Latin, the next step (backwards) would be to translate names of films, books, etc. not released in Latin. Maybe I'm missing something (as it tends to happen in bureaucratic matters). [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] 14:39, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) :I agree. After frustrating discussion at [[Disputatio:Pteridophytum nidularium]], I suggested introducing this formula in hopes that it would at least identify cases that might, in future days, be challenged and moved. And I may have been ill-advised: I too now sense a slippery slope underfoot. For a list of the cases that it ''has'' identified, go to the formula page and click "Nexus ad paginam". If we have consensus, I will probably support the move of any or all of them to an untranslated (non-Latin) name. :Our current [[VP:TNP|rule]] (which we might, of course, agree to change) allows the translating of names of works of art "if there is nothing verbal about them except the name", e.g. paintings, sculptures, instrumental music. I guess that might also include works of Spanish gastronomy, of which you will see many if you click the above-recommended link :) I don't know that we have ever stated (in so many words) a rule about the names of computer games. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:32, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) :[Added later:] I have a feeling it's easy for us to like our own Latinised terminology while disliking that of others. Iacobus (I think it was) added the formula to Vuott's "Rosetum"; [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:12, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::Because it was translating what's probably a trademarked name. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 12:09, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :I disapproved of Iacobus's "Pteridophytum nidularium"; [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:12, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::Which was merely translating a vulgar (English, French, German, &c.) phrase commonly applied to a set of certain ferns but having no taxonomical standing. An article about a similarly unofficial name will treat [[Azalea]], a set that includes the subgenera ''[[Pentanthera]]'' and ''[[Tsutsuji]],'' but excludes the six other subgenera of genus ''[[Rhododendron]].'' Fortunately for that collocation of plants, the name is already Latin, but the concept has a cultural (and perhaps commercial) significance similar to that of ''bird's-nest fern'' (''fougère nid d'oiseau, Nestfarn''). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 12:09, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :Mucius disapproved of my Latin names for new universities etc.; ... and it might no doubt continue round the circle. Thank goodness for consensus, and I suspect consensus will tend to be conservative (i.e. "invent less"). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:12, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::I've been making some translations into Latin of common things (largely in [[:categoria:Gastronomia Hispanica]], as mentioned by Andrew), because I thought that it would be reasonable to translate them (as opposed to book/film/song titles despite our rule, names of institutions and the sort - and above all, geographical features). Thus I added this formula to them, but I'm more than ready to revert all and write them in Spanish, if we decide that these translations violate the "noli fingere".--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 17:12, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) :::I promised to mark some of my pages with this formula and haven't yet done it. Maybe today. They are not gastronomic but institutional (bureaucratic in some cases!) :::On mature (?) reflexion I think there really is a valid reason for distinguishing the cases marked by this formula from the ones marked by {{fn|Fontes desiderati}} (whatever wording we may agree on for the two formulae): :::*"Fontes desiderati" is for cases where our current guidelines definitely ''don't'' allow us to invent a translation. So, if no source is cited, after a certain period of grace, the page is going to get renamed. :::*"Convertimus" can be used for cases where our current guidelines ''do'' allow us to invent a translation. (In general this will be where [[VP:TNP]] currently allows a derogation from the general law "Noli fingere".) :::If we maintain this distinction, we are assisting future Vicipaedians (I think). If they decide that the rules of VP:TNP are too liberal, they will know that they need to reconsider pages that are marked with the "Convertimus" formula. :::The future begins now, so discussion of whether [[VP:TNP]] ''is'' too liberal could flare up today if anyone wants to set light to it! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:06, 30 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::::I think that as oultined by Andrew, both formulae make sense.--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 09:30, 30 Maii 2011 (UTC) This formula was originally meant for placenames with no Latin source ''which our rules allow to be translated into Latin''. Certainly, if a name were attested, it would have a source. But in the case of a name with no source, the casual reader who just wants a placename in Latin may not be aware that there is no official Latin name, and that the name was constructed by us. Hence, this formula. --[[Usor:Robert.Baruch|Robert.Baruch]] 16:42, 31 Maii 2011 (UTC) 92p8tijznouzkkmcp5eqhnyzavfgsqa 3965711 3965710 2026-06-20T05:04:19Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Disputatio Formulae:Convertimus]] ad [[Disputatio Formulae:Convertimus/Tabularium 1]] sine redirectione: Veteres disputationes ad tabularium movi 3965710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Antiquae disputationes | ab = 2011-05-04 | ad = 2011-06-04 }} == Not working yet == ... ? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:35, 4 Maii 2011 (UTC) :It works without <nowiki><ref></ref></nowiki> in articles ;) --[[Usor:Amphitrite|Aylin]] 12:56, 4 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::Silly of me! Thanks! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:00, 4 Maii 2011 (UTC) =="Haec appellatio . . . converta est."== Nonne recte ''conversa est''&thinsp;? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 13:20, 4 Maii 2011 (UTC) : Grrr. --[[Usor:Robert.Baruch|Robert.Baruch]] 14:38, 4 Maii 2011 (UTC) ==De formula== ''Noli putare eam testificari'' ut videtur Anglice 'Don't suppose that it bears witness' significat—et hunc patrium sermonem meum non intellego! ''Quid'' non testificatur ea? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 11:34, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) :I guess it was intended to mean "Don't suppose that it bears witness [to the existence of earlier citations for this Latin term]"! Would you care to suggest a better phrasing? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 12:08, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::Mea culpa. I thought it was ''testificare'', so my intent was 'Don't suppose that it is attested'. Perhaps ''Noli putare eam esse testatam''? --[[Usor:Robert.Baruch|Robert.Baruch]] 16:34, 31 Maii 2011 (UTC) :::Of course, I see it now. A possible alternative: "Haec appellatio, nusquam alibi reperta, a Vicipaediano ex lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est". [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:10, 31 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::::I like it. If there aren't any objections, I'd like to change the text to what you suggested. --[[Usor:Robert.Baruch|Robert.Baruch]] 22:06, 31 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::::: If this formula is meant for placenames, then perhaps "Haec loci appellatio, . . ." [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] 23:15, 31 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::::::I believe that for place names we should not use this one, and use {{fn|fontes desiderati}} instead. In my opinion, unless a place name has a reasonable source for a Latin name, it should not be changed.--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 00:45, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :::::::Personally I agree with you. I think when we make a name such as [[Saeptum Collegii (Terra Mariae)]] (as we did recently) or [[Lutetia (Texas)]] (as we might do) we are misunderstanding the function of place names and the nature of translation. It is true that other writers of modern Latin sometimes make such names; in which case, our rules allow us to follow them (though we also mention the everyday name). But we shouldn't be the inventors. :::::::I wonder whether there would be consensus for a tightening of our rules on place names? If others want to discuss it, we should perhaps move this discussion to [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Translatio nominum propriorum]]. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:14, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::::I'd go for it. I feel that this formula is adequate for the latinisation and translation of common things which will difficulty have been translated into Latin (like foods), as opposed to person/place (proper) names. Book titles, institutions, videogames and films... well. I belive these need further discussion.--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 09:31, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::::: I took the specification "loci apellatio" from Robert's recent note (under "Problems?"). I have been against "Saeptum collegii" and the kind all the time but sordinoed myself because I believed that the official consensus is for it. Personally, I agree with Andrew's statement "we are misunderstanding the function of place names and the nature of translation". [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] 10:46, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::::::If (as historians assume) Paris, Texas, was named after Paris, France (i.e., [[Lutetia]]), what's wrong with [[Lutetia (Texia)]]? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 12:09, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::::::: Notice that my words „"Saeptum collegii" and the kind‟ weren't supposed to include "Lutetia (Texia)" but rather [[Disputatio:Fons Argenteus (Terra Mariae)|Fons Argenteus]] and the kind. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] 17:31, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::: I have added the appropriate discussion section under [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Translatio nominum propriorum]]. --[[Usor:Robert.Baruch|Robert.Baruch]] 15:53, 2 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::::Good idea. I have repeated there the "Lutetia (Texas)" remarks (copied from above) and added a brief response. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 17:40, 2 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :::::::::Somehow I've been unable to get the gist of all those signals that have been thrown in various discussions about neologisms. I'm all for translating common things like culinary terms and tagging them with <nowiki>{{Convertimus}}</nowiki>, provided that one is well-versed enough in Latin (I still remember the discussion on "Ringum"). I have myself smuggled in a few neologisms in order to be able to write about modern linguistics in Latin. As to titles of books, films etc not released in Latin, I believe that a reasonable consensus has already been reached. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] 10:46, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) ::::::::::(How much fun is it to read "[[ringum]]" and "[[sumpa]]" now...) Being serious now. Considering this, should we add a note about the {{fn|convertimus}} formula at [[VP:TNP]] and [[VP:NF]]?--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 10:55, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :::::::::::I once made a rule for myself that I would introduce one newly-invented word into any article I published. But that was in English (and I soon forgot about it). If I do it in Latin, it's more likely to be unconscious and regrettable. :::::::::::I think neologisms are fine in their place: in text, carefully introduced with sufficient signals to ensure a reader will be able to understand them easily. I don't think their place is in the lemma of an encyclopedia article. :::::::::::Is "sordinoed" a neologism, Neander? I have my suspicions ... [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 08:42, 4 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :::::::::::: Well, I thought "sordino" might work as a verb, too. A few years ago, in a paper that I wrote on a linguistic subject, I tried to use "banner" neologistically as a verb: "to banner for sthing" = "to advertise aggressively for sthing", but my referee didn't accept it in the text. But the paper was accepted, nevertheless. :-) Andrew, I couldn't agree more with what you said about the use and introduction of Latin neologisms. [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] 12:39, 4 Iunii 2011 (UTC) == Problems? == How does this formula relate to <nowiki>{{Fontes desiderati}}</nowiki> and "Noli fingere"? Doesn't this formula smuggle in some licence to translate into Latin nearly everything that can be translated. That, it seems to me, was the principle our Vicipaedian forefathers once started out from. For fun, cf. [[Disputatio:Corcagia]]. If we "convertimus" names of games not released in Latin, the next step (backwards) would be to translate names of films, books, etc. not released in Latin. Maybe I'm missing something (as it tends to happen in bureaucratic matters). [[Usor:Neander|Neander]] 14:39, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) :I agree. After frustrating discussion at [[Disputatio:Pteridophytum nidularium]], I suggested introducing this formula in hopes that it would at least identify cases that might, in future days, be challenged and moved. And I may have been ill-advised: I too now sense a slippery slope underfoot. For a list of the cases that it ''has'' identified, go to the formula page and click "Nexus ad paginam". If we have consensus, I will probably support the move of any or all of them to an untranslated (non-Latin) name. :Our current [[VP:TNP|rule]] (which we might, of course, agree to change) allows the translating of names of works of art "if there is nothing verbal about them except the name", e.g. paintings, sculptures, instrumental music. I guess that might also include works of Spanish gastronomy, of which you will see many if you click the above-recommended link :) I don't know that we have ever stated (in so many words) a rule about the names of computer games. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 15:32, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) :[Added later:] I have a feeling it's easy for us to like our own Latinised terminology while disliking that of others. Iacobus (I think it was) added the formula to Vuott's "Rosetum"; [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:12, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::Because it was translating what's probably a trademarked name. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 12:09, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :I disapproved of Iacobus's "Pteridophytum nidularium"; [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:12, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::Which was merely translating a vulgar (English, French, German, &c.) phrase commonly applied to a set of certain ferns but having no taxonomical standing. An article about a similarly unofficial name will treat [[Azalea]], a set that includes the subgenera ''[[Pentanthera]]'' and ''[[Tsutsuji]],'' but excludes the six other subgenera of genus ''[[Rhododendron]].'' Fortunately for that collocation of plants, the name is already Latin, but the concept has a cultural (and perhaps commercial) significance similar to that of ''bird's-nest fern'' (''fougère nid d'oiseau, Nestfarn''). [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] 12:09, 1 Iunii 2011 (UTC) :Mucius disapproved of my Latin names for new universities etc.; ... and it might no doubt continue round the circle. Thank goodness for consensus, and I suspect consensus will tend to be conservative (i.e. "invent less"). [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 16:12, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::I've been making some translations into Latin of common things (largely in [[:categoria:Gastronomia Hispanica]], as mentioned by Andrew), because I thought that it would be reasonable to translate them (as opposed to book/film/song titles despite our rule, names of institutions and the sort - and above all, geographical features). Thus I added this formula to them, but I'm more than ready to revert all and write them in Spanish, if we decide that these translations violate the "noli fingere".--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 17:12, 29 Maii 2011 (UTC) :::I promised to mark some of my pages with this formula and haven't yet done it. Maybe today. They are not gastronomic but institutional (bureaucratic in some cases!) :::On mature (?) reflexion I think there really is a valid reason for distinguishing the cases marked by this formula from the ones marked by {{fn|Fontes desiderati}} (whatever wording we may agree on for the two formulae): :::*"Fontes desiderati" is for cases where our current guidelines definitely ''don't'' allow us to invent a translation. So, if no source is cited, after a certain period of grace, the page is going to get renamed. :::*"Convertimus" can be used for cases where our current guidelines ''do'' allow us to invent a translation. (In general this will be where [[VP:TNP]] currently allows a derogation from the general law "Noli fingere".) :::If we maintain this distinction, we are assisting future Vicipaedians (I think). If they decide that the rules of VP:TNP are too liberal, they will know that they need to reconsider pages that are marked with the "Convertimus" formula. :::The future begins now, so discussion of whether [[VP:TNP]] ''is'' too liberal could flare up today if anyone wants to set light to it! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:06, 30 Maii 2011 (UTC) ::::I think that as oultined by Andrew, both formulae make sense.--[[User:Xaverius|<span style="color:blue;">Xave</span>]][[:eu:Lankide:Xaverius|<span style="color:green;">ri</span>]][[:eu:Lankide_eztabaida:Xaverius|<span style="color:red;">us</span>]] 09:30, 30 Maii 2011 (UTC) This formula was originally meant for placenames with no Latin source ''which our rules allow to be translated into Latin''. Certainly, if a name were attested, it would have a source. But in the case of a name with no source, the casual reader who just wants a placename in Latin may not be aware that there is no official Latin name, and that the name was constructed by us. Hence, this formula. --[[Usor:Robert.Baruch|Robert.Baruch]] 16:42, 31 Maii 2011 (UTC) 92p8tijznouzkkmcp5eqhnyzavfgsqa 0 138516 3965674 3595040 2026-06-19T21:09:54Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Poggio Berni.JPG|thumb|Podium Hibernorum]] '''Podium Hibernorum''' ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Poggio Berni|Poggio Berni]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Vicus Italiae|fractio]] [[Commune Italiae|municipii]] [[Podium Turriana|Podii Turrianae]]. Incolae ''Hibernenses'' appellantur. == Historia == Podium Hibernorum fuit [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, circiter 3&thinsp;450 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Aemilia-Romania]] et in [[Provincia Ariminensis|Provincia Ariminensi]] situm. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2014]] coniunxit se cum [[Turriana]], ut constituiret [[Municipia iuncta Italiae|municipium novum]] [[Podium Turriana|Podii Turrianae]]<ref>[http://www.tuttitalia.it/variazioni-amministrative/nuovi-comuni-2014/ Communia nova Italiae condita anno[[2014]]: tuttitalia.it. URL consultato il 18 dicembre 2013.]</ref>. == Insigne == == Municipia finitima == * [[Castrum Podii Burgorum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Borghi|Borghi]]'') ([[Provincia Foroliviensis et Caesenas|FC]]), * [[Acervolanum]], deinde [[Civitas Sancti Archangeli Romandiolae]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Santarcangelo di Romagna|Santarcangelo di Romagna]]''), * [[Turriana]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Torriana|Torriana]]''), * [[Veruculum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Verrucchio|Verrucchio]]''). {{NexInt}} * [[Aemilia-Romania]] (''regio''), * [[Provincia Ariminensis]], * [[Romaniola]] (''terra''), * [[Ariminum]] (''urbs''), * [[Podium Turriana]] (''municipium''). == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081226085827/http://www.comune.poggio-berni.rn.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Poggio Berni|Podium Hibernorum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of Poggio Berni (province of Rimini, region Emilia-Romagna, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii Podii Hibernorum in Provincia Ariminensi. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Fractiones in Provincia Ariminensi]] [[Categoria:Vici in municipio Podii Turrianae]] [[Categoria:Municipia abrogata Italiae]] e5m8t8kct8x9ohwxbtlrzlaxtr33nwq 0 151220 3965687 1930995 2026-06-19T23:33:41Z EmausBot 23083 rectificatio redirectionis duplicis → [[Elstra Nigra]] 3965687 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Elstra Nigra]] rcqqaf9z9oseqlm60b8fg6vhcwa094c 0 167465 3965620 3965334 2026-06-19T14:23:06Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Origines */ 3965620 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] Religionem colentibus Romanam, quae est conatus a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scriptos [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; a quorum lectura, intellegitur alterum usum alterum multum familiariter fuisse. Censebat, praeterea, [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum quidam magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in comitibus Praetextati a morte eius allata, ut Hieronymus statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, ubi iam eius imaginem perfectam effictam erat. [[Zosimus]], rerum scriptor in [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] victus, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "Historiae novae" sua fuisse cultuum gentilorum,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''Historia nova'', IV 3 3.</ref> contra, Iohannes Lidus (victus [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duceret, quod erat mos optimatum Romanorum illo tempore, eius natio possit annis inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lido, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782.</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque suus [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, pp. 187-188.</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]. Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus quoque primas partes in libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' agit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] a1gbc7k87kwkvgk2qmaoou081zn34cg 3965621 3965620 2026-06-19T14:24:00Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Origines */ 3965621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] Religionem colentibus Romanam, quae est conatus a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scriptos [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; a quorum lectura, intellegitur alterum usum alterum multum familiariter fuisse. Censebat, praeterea, [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum quidam magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in comitibus Praetextati a morte eius allata, ut Hieronymus statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, ubi iam eius imaginem perfectam effictam erat. [[Zosimus]], rerum scriptor in [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] victus, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "Historiae novae" sua fuisse cultuum gentilorum,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''Historia nova'', IV 3 3.</ref> contra, Iohannes Lidus (victus [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duceret, quod erat mos optimatum Romanorum illo tempore, eius natio possit annis inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lido, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque suus [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, pp. 187-188.</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]. Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus quoque primas partes in libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' agit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] bew1lgzx7dxmje0u96c22libg5ll1cm 3965622 3965621 2026-06-19T14:25:31Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Origines */ 3965622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] Religionem colentibus Romanam, quae est conatus a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scriptos [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; a quorum lectura, intellegitur alterum usum alterum multum familiariter fuisse. Censebat, praeterea, [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum quidam magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in comitibus Praetextati a morte eius allata, ut Hieronymus statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, ubi iam eius imaginem perfectam effictam erat. [[Zosimus]], rerum scriptor in [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] victus, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "Historiae novae" sua fuisse cultuum gentilorum,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''Historia nova'', IV 3 3.</ref> contra, Iohannes Lidus (victus [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duceret, quod erat mos optimatum Romanorum illo tempore, eius natio possit annis inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lido, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque suus [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]. Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus quoque primas partes in libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' agit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] t8gqpf0eiqtbuo8mwfu6dmxuu1paevi 3965623 3965622 2026-06-19T14:28:01Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Bibliographia */ 3965623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] Religionem colentibus Romanam, quae est conatus a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scriptos [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; a quorum lectura, intellegitur alterum usum alterum multum familiariter fuisse. Censebat, praeterea, [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum quidam magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in comitibus Praetextati a morte eius allata, ut Hieronymus statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, ubi iam eius imaginem perfectam effictam erat. [[Zosimus]], rerum scriptor in [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] victus, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "Historiae novae" sua fuisse cultuum gentilorum,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''Historia nova'', IV 3 3.</ref> contra, Iohannes Lidus (victus [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duceret, quod erat mos optimatum Romanorum illo tempore, eius natio possit annis inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lido, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque suus [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]. Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus quoque primas partes in libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' agit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] aj93t70rhuynhvfuu4i000mfok4x157 3965625 3965623 2026-06-19T14:30:27Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Bibliographia */ 3965625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} '''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus''' (natus circiter anno [[320]]- mortuus anno [[384]]) fuit vir publicus [[Roma antiqua|Romanus]] nobili genere natus. Unus fuit ex ultimis [[Senatus Romanus|senatoribus]] Religionem colentibus Romanam, quae est conatus a [[Christianitas|Christianae religionis]] progressu defendere; sacerdos fuit, sacris initiatus atque litterarum philosophiaeque doctus. == Qui scripserint de vita eius == Vita eius est nobis praesertim per scriptos [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]], [[Ammianus Marcellinus|Ammiani Marcellini]] atque epigrammata manifesta. [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] ([[320]] circiter-[[402]] circiter) gravis fuit princeps patricii ordinis atque maximus temporis sui orator. Multae eius permanent epistulae, orationes atque relationes; a quorum lectura, intellegitur alterum usum alterum multum familiariter fuisse. Censebat, praeterea, [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]] optimum Praetextatum magistratum esse et virum quidam magna virtute praeditum. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] ([[330]] circiter-[[390]] circiter) verba profert Praetextati tribus in locis suarum [[Res gestae (Ammianus)|"Rerum Gestarum"]];<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 22.7.6; 27.9.8-10; 28.1.24.</ref> aliter ac alii senatores, adeo semper est iudicium Ammiani de Praetextato propitium, ut rerum multi scriptores eos esse amicos putent. Multae extant inscriptiones Praetextatum memorantes, quarum gravissima stat in funebri monumento Praetextato atque [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]] uxori dicato;<ref name="CIL61779">{{CIL|06|01779}}</ref> aliae famae sunt in legibus Vettio praefecto latis et in epistulis a [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniano imperatore]] scriptis de disputatione quadam religiosa. [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus]] ([[347]]-[[420]]), religiosus theologusque christianus, scripsit de Praetextato in duobus epistulis<ref> [[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistulae xxiii e xxxix.</ref> atque in controversiam ''Contra Iohannem Hierosolymitanum'' ([[397]]); tam magna fuit aegritudo in comitibus Praetextati a morte eius allata, ut Hieronymus statueret eum esse in [[Tartarus|Tartaro]], id est in [[Infernus|Inferno]], in quamdam epistulam scribere.<ref>[[Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula xxiii.</ref> [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius]], aliter quam christianos, voluit Praetextatum primas agere partes in ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' libris, qui imago sunt renovationis gentilis Romanae aetatis illius. Est tamen verisimile libros post mortem Praetextati quinquaginta annos scriptos esse, ubi iam eius imaginem perfectam effictam erat. [[Zosimus]], rerum scriptor in [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]] victus, dicit Praetextatum defensorem in libris "Historiae novae" sua fuisse cultuum gentilorum,<ref>[[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''Historia nova'', IV 3 3.</ref> contra, Iohannes Lidus (victus [[Saeculum 6|VI saeculo]]) memorat quendam virum magna auctoritate valentem, cui nomen erat Praetextatus <ref name="giovannilido">[[Iohannes Lidus]], ''De mensibus'', 4.2.</ref> (tamen nescimus utrum Vettius esset an non). == Vita == === Origines === Nescimus quando natus sit, tamen certum est ex multis scriptis Praetextatum fuisse aetatis Quinti Aurelii Symmachi et [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virii Nicomachi Flaviani]] ([[334]]-[[394]]); praeterea, anno mortis eius [[384]] iam quadriginta circiter annis uxorem duxerat [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiam Fabiam Paulinam]].<ref name="CIL61779" /> Si uxor prima Paulina eius esset Praetextatusque eam in matrimonio inter vigesimum et vigesimum quintum annum duceret, quod erat mos optimatum Romanorum illo tempore, eius natio possit annis inter [[314]] et [[319]] collocari.<ref name="kahlos12">Kahlos, caput 1.2.</ref> Coniectatum tamen de hoc etiam aliter est et lati differentes sunt anni inter [[310]] atque [[324]], quorum firmitas quoque pendit ex altera re, a Iohanne referta Lido, qui Praetextatum adfuisse ierophantem [[Pontifex|pontificem]] ritui ''polismós'' dum urbs [[Constantinopolis]] conditur (anno circiter [[330]]) una cum [[Sopater Apameae|Sopatro Apameae]] philosopho narrat;<ref name="giovannilido" /> licuit enim optimatem munus suscipere sacerdotalem tum iuvenissimum et dein Praetextatum quoque ierophantem esse Vettium Agorium, qui haud dubie [[Vesta]]e fuit pontifex,<ref>{{CIL|06|01778}}</ref><ref name="CIL61779" /> quamquam hoc non certum est. Coniectatur de familiaribus Praetextati; [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Gaium Vettium Cossinium Rufinum]] ([[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectum urbi Romae]] annis [[315]]-[[316]]) licet eius fuisse patrem, et quia simile nomen ei est, et quia complures magistratus, etiam a Praetextato postea gesti, suscepit ([[corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[proconsulatus Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]], [[pontifex Solis|pontificatum Solis]] [[Augur|auguratumque]]):<ref>{{CIL|10|05061}}</ref><ref name="kahlos12" /> gentibus nobilibus Romanis consuetudo erat saepe magistratus sacerdotiumque patribus et filiis postea gesta esse. Dubium tamen est [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] patrem esse Praetextati, quoniam [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] inter utram quinquaginta praeteriverunt anni (Praetextatus [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] fuit anno [[367]]), quod si pater filiusque fuissent, difficiliter evenire potuisset; est tum [[Gaius Vettius Cossinius Rufinus|Cossinium Rufinum]] fuisse patrem Vettii Rufini (qui consul anno [[323]] fuit) et hunc patrem Praetextati coniectatus.<ref>PLRE I, "Vettius Rufinus 24", [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/780/mode/2up pp. 781-782].</ref> Utcumque sint res, familia Praetextati prisca erat praeclaraque, quo Agorius utebatur multis nobilibus senatoribus familiariter. Cui, et commodis percipiendis uso, intererant certe [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] paterque suus [[Lucius Aurelius Avianius Symmachus]], [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] atque, quod verisimile est, senatores [[Volusius Venustus]] Minervusque.<ref name="kahlos12" /> Ex societatibus his gentium senatoriarum notandum est conubium Praetextati cum [[Aconia Fabia Paulina]], quod evenit circiter anno [[344]], si anno [[384]] praeteriverant quadriginta anni a matrimonio;<ref name="CIL61779" /> Paulina enim filia erat [[Fabius Aconius Catullinus Philomathius|Fabii Aconii Catullini Philomathii]], qui fuit [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectus urbi]] annis [[342]]-[[344]] atque [[consul]] anno [[349]].<ref>PLRE I, Catullinus 3, [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/186/mode/2up pp. 187-188].</ref> Coniuges filio quodam minime aucti sunt, qui commemoratus in carmine funebri est atque fecit in monumento inscribere dedicationem patri, statim e morte, in eorum domo [[Aventinus mons|Aventino monte]].<ref>{{CIL|06|01777}}</ref> Quamvis rerum scriptores dicant eum marem fuisse, licet et mulierem, fortasse illam a [[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Sophronio Eusebio Hieronymo]] commemoratam.<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], epistula cvii,5.</ref> [[Consul]] anni [[527]], [[Vettius Agorius Basilius Mavortius|Vettium Agorium Basilium Mavortium]], qui non tantum cum Praetextato nomina, sed etiam amorem litterarum communicabat, licet eius fuisse pronepotem.<ref name="kahlos12"/> === Cursus honorum et sacerdotia === Ara funebris Praetextati uxorisque eius [[Aconia Fabia Paulina|Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae]], hodie apud [[Musea Capitolina]], commemorat cursum honorum eius. Suscepit ille munus [[pontifex Vestae|pontificis Vestae]] atque Solis, [[augur]]is, [[Taurobolium|tauroboliati]], [[Curialis|curialis Herculis]], neurocori, ierophantis, sacerdotis Liberi mysteriorumque Eleusinorum. Gessit [[Quaestor|quaesturam]], [[Corrector Tusciae et Umbriae|correcturam Tusciae et Umbriae]], [[Praefectus Lusitaniae|praefecturam Lusitaniae]], [[proconsul Achaiae|proconsulatum Achaiae]] et [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefecturam urbi]] anno [[384]].<ref>Confirmatum officium suum intra diem [[21 Maii]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' VI.5.2a) et diem [[9 Septembris]] (''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' I.54.5a) est.</ref> fuit [[praefectus praetorio]] [[Praefectura Italiae|Italiae]] et Illyrici,<ref>Inscriptio commemorat duas praefecturas, sed rerum scriptores putant hoc esse errorem sculptoris (Jones).</ref> etiamque [[consul]] electus anni [[385]], quod munus numquam suscepit, quia mortuus sero anno [[384]] est. Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], [[Basilica|basilicam]] reddidit Sicinini episcopo [[Damasus I|Damaso]] [[Roma]]e<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 6. Verisimile est hanc basilicam Sanctae Mariae Maioris illam esse; sectatoribus [[Damasus I|Damasi]] [[Ursinus|Ursinique]] pugnantibus, illi 137 hominum huius occiderunt ([[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus|Hieronymus]], ''Temporum liber'', prolatus in [[Eduardus Gibbon|Eduardi Gibbon]], ''Historia occasus ruinaeque Imperii Romani'', cap. 25.</ref> et alterum episcopum expulit [[Ursinus|Ursinum]] a [[Roma]],<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.9.</ref> rursusque conciliavit pacem,<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 7; [[Sozomenus]], vi.23.</ref> tametsi sectatores eius salvos praestaret.<ref>''Collectio Avellana'', 5.</ref> Administratio sua iustitiae laudatior fuit; iussit ea quae sunt in templis gentilibus aedificatis a privatis tollere (podia, columnae, tabulata altiora dicta ''maeniana'') atque statuit ut omne Urbe pondera mensurasque inspecta equaliaque essent.<ref>[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], 27.9.10.</ref> Restituit [[Porticus Deorum Consentium|Porticum Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro]]. Post mortem Praetextati, [[imperator]] petivit [[Senatus Romanus|Senatui]] exemplarem eius orationum.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 24.</ref> cum [[Valentinianus I|Augusto]] [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] rogarent ut ei statuas ponerentur.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 12.2.</ref> === Favor gentilium Romanorum === [[Fasciculus:Forum Portique Dii consentes.jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], restituta anno [[367]] a Praetextato, qui etiam constituit [[Dei Consentes|Deorum Consentium]] cultum rursus.]] Praetextatus fuit unus ex extremis defensoribus religionis Romanae, prius quam [[Medium Aevum]] inciperet. [[Proconsulatus Achaiae|Proconsulatu Achaiae]] gerente, provocavit contra [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani I]] edictum prohibente sacrificia nocturna in Mysteriis, dicens id detrimento gentilibus futurum esse: tum [[Valentinianus I|Valentinianus]] illud abrogavit.<ref>[[Zosimus]], iv.3.2-3; edictum [[Valentinianus I|Valentiniani]] est in [[Codex Theodosianus|Codice Theodosiano]] relatum ([[:la:s:Codex Theodosianus - Liber IX#XVI.7|ix.16.7]]).</ref> Gerente [[Praefectus urbi Romae|praefectura urbi]], curavit restitutionem [[Porticus Deorum Consentium]] in [[Forum Romanum|Foro Romano]], quae ultimum erat magnum deis monumentum dicatum [[Roma]]e;<ref>Legatur inscriptionem in monumento, {{CIL|06|00102}}.</ref> quamvis tantum esset restitutio aedum derutarum cultuumque renovatio, hoc maxime opertum erat, quoniam [[Dei Consentes]] protectores caelestes senatorii ordinis erant,<ref>[[Martianus Capella]], 1,42.</ref> et cum ita essent, sunt fortasse putati contra imperatorem niti.<ref>Kahlos, "Restauratio...".</ref> [[Praefectus praetorio|Praefectura praetorio]] gerente, incepit investigationes de templis a [[Christiani]]s derutis in [[Italia]]m.<ref>[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Relatio'' 21.</ref> Piissimus erga [[Vesta]]m erat, tamquam uxor sua.<ref name="lanciani">Lanciani.</ref> Amicus quoque fuit alterius praeclari optimatis gentilis [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinti Aurelii Symmachi]] commercium eo epistularum habentis, quod partim superest.<ref>Symmachus, ''Epistulae'', I.44-55.</ref> Quondam Praetextatus [[Damasus I|Damaso episcopo]]: «Facite me Romanae urbis episcopum» inquit «et ero protinus Christianus».<ref>[[Sophronius Eusebius Hieronymus]], ''Contra Johannem Hierosolymitanum'', 8.</ref> Praetextato et Paulinae erat domus apud [[Amphitheatrum Flavium]], pulchris cincta hortis dictis Vettianis,<ref>[http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_del_palazzo_dei_conservatori/sale_degli_horti_tauriani_vettiani Musei Capitolini]</ref> quae ad [[statio Roma Termini|stationem Romam Terminos]] usque pertinebant hodiernam. Hic sunt postea aliqua monumenta familiam revocantia Praetextati inventa. In his est ima statuae pars cuiusdam dicatae Caeliae Concordiae, ex ultimis unae [[Vestalis virgo|virginibus Vestalibus]], quae Praetextato post eius mortem erexerat statuam. Qua de re est maxime reprehensa a [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmacho]], qui scripsit epistulam Flaviano dicens se huic obsistere, quoniam numquam [[Vestalis virgo|Vestales]] ante monumentum viro, etsi pontifex maximus fuerit, erexerant.<ref name="lanciani" /> == Litterae == Praetextatus librum edidit [[Analytica|Analyticorum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] a [[Themistius|Themistio]] emendatum philosopho. Praeterea socius [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Quinto Aurelio Symmacho]] [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus|Virioque Nicomacho Flaviano]] emendationis atque traditionis librorum moris Romani antiqui fuit. Praetextatus quoque primas partes in libris [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Ambrosii Theodosii Macrobii]] ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalium]]'' agit. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ;Fontes * ''[[Collectio Avellana]]'' * [[Ammianus Marcellinus]], ''[[Res gestae (Ammianus)|Res gestae]]'' * [[Ioannes Lydus]], ''De mensibus'' * [[Sozomenus]], ''[[Historia Ecclesiastica]]'' *[[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], libro primo ''Epistularum'' 44-55 * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' ;Fontes secundae * Lanciani, Rodolphus, ''Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries'', Houghton & Mifflin, Boston e New York, 1898, pp. 169-170. Relatus a [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/_Texts/Lanciani/LANARD/6*.html ''LacusCurtius] * Thayer, Gulielmus, [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/Europe/Italy/Lazio/Roma/Rome/museums/Museo_Nazionale_Romano/Palazzo_Altemps/inscriptions/Vettius_Praetextatus.html "Honorific Inscription of Vettius Agorius Praetextatus"], ''Lacus Curtius'' * {{PLRE}} vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/722/mode/2up pp.722-4] * Kahlos, Maijastina, ''Vettius Agorius Praetextatus. A senatorial life in between'', Institutum Romanum Finlandiae, Roma, 2002, ISBN 952-5323-05-6 (Acta Instituti Romani Finlandiae, 26). * Lellia Cracco Ruggini, ''Vettio Agorio Pretestato e la fondazione di Costantinopoli'', in ''Φιίας χάριν. Miscellanea in onore di E. Manni'', Roma, 1979, pp. 586-610. {{NexInt}} * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]] * [[Virius Nicomachus Flavianus]] == Ligamina externa == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071203062955/http://www.maijastinakahlos.net/b/kirjoituksia/praetextatus/125/ Kahlos, Maijastina, "Restitutio Religiosa Praetextati"] * [http://www.bartleby.com/245/353.html Anonimo, ''Titulus M. Vetii Agorii Praetextati et uxoris Paulinae suae'', 384] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071215171319/http://www.museicapitolini.org/percorsi/percorsi_per_sale/museo_capitolino/stanzette_terrene/ara_funeraria_di_vettius_agorius_praetextatus_e_aconia_fabia_paulina Ara funebris Vettii Agorii Praetextati et Aconiae Fabiae Paulinae], Musea Capitolina. {{DEFAULTSORT:Praetextatus, Agorius, Vettius}} [[Categoria:Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Romae antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 384]] 11l34657rdt8425qszfd8y1hoqyt472 0 171804 3965717 3461630 2026-06-20T06:49:36Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965717 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Quevauvillers_calvaire_pr%C3%A8s_du_cimeti%C3%A8re_1.jpg |thumb|left|300px|Quevauvillers: [[calvarium]] ]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 80656.png|thumb|300px|Quevauvillers: communis tabula]] ''' Quevauvillers''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 1075 incolarum (anno [[2009]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Samara (praefectura Franciae)|Samara]] in provincia [[Picardia]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Samarae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Quevauvillers|Quevauvillers}} * {{INSEE commune|80656|de=Quevauvillers}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200320051057/http://www.quevauvillers.fr/ Quevauvillers pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Suminae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Suminae]] l8hmxn4f4c0co6z7gtes936y5d4uw0g 0 177497 3965675 3915506 2026-06-19T21:22:09Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965675 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus: Église Saint-Aubin de Pointel. Vue sud-est.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Pointel: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Albinus|Sancto Albino]] dicata.]] '''Pointel''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 305 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Olina (praefectura Franciae)|Olinae]] in provincia [[Normannia (regio Franciae)|Normanniae]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Olinae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pointel|Pointel}} * {{INSEE commune|61332|de=Pointel}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081115033012/http://cc-paysdebriouze.fr/Pointel.htm De Pointel apud Societatis Communium paginas interretiales] * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=27330 De hoc communi apud cassini.ehess.fr] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Olinae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Olinae]] 9uywkuim9mo5684gl1i8d8ntvydsgyd 0 189693 3965699 3917069 2026-06-20T01:22:05Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[c:COM:CDC|automaton]]: Substituens [[File:Webster's_Falls_-_Paul_Bica.jpg]] pro File:Flickr_-_paul_bica_-_websters_falls_revisited.jpg. CommonsDelinker hanc rationem dedit: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: descriptive 3965699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Hamiltonia'''<ref>[https://archive.org/details/orbisterrarumcat00wern/page/245/mode/1up?view=theater ''Orbis terrarum catholicus'', 1890, p. 245].</ref>, vulgo ''Hamilton'', est urbs et [[portus]] in [[Ontario]]ne [[Provinciae territoriaque Canadae|provincia]] [[Canada]]e situs. [[Urbs]], a [[Georgius Hamilton (politicus)|Georgio Hamilton]] cum fundum [[Iacobus Durand|Iacobi Durand]] haud multo post [[Bellum anni 1812]] compositum coemeret concepta,<ref name="WEAVER1985">{{cite book |last=Weaver |first=John C. |title=Hamilton: an illustrated history |year=[[1985]] |publisher=James Lorimer & Company, Publishers |pages=15–16|isbn= 0-88862-593-6 cloth}}.</ref> facta est media [[regio]]nis frequentissimae [[industria]]lizataeque{{dubsig}} pars, ad [[occidens|occidentem]] [[Lacus Ontario]]nis finem sitam, in loco [[Solea Aurea]]<!--Golden Horseshoe--> usitate appellato. Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2001]], Urbs Hamiltonia, priore urbe aliisque municipalitatibus inferioribus [[Hamilton-Wentworth, Municipalitas Regionalis Ontarionis|Hamilton-Wentworth Municipalitatis Regionalis]] cum regionali administratione superiori commixtis, rite constituta est.<ref name=amalgprovles>{{cite web|url=http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/statutes/english/elaws_statutes_99c14c_e.htm#BK6|title=City of Hamilton Act, 1999|accessdate=[[4 Ianuarii]] [[2008]]}}.</ref> Incolae urbis veteris Hamiltoniani appellantur.<ref name=HAM100>{{cite book|title=The Hamiltonians, 100 Fascinating Lives |first=Margaret |last=Houghton |publisher=James Lorimer & Company Ltd., Publishers Toronto|page=6|year=[[2003]]|isbn= 1-55028-804-0}}.</ref> Quod ad numerum civium post [[1981]] spectat, regio metropolitana [[Index maximarum regionum metropolitanarum 100 in Canada|nona in Canada]] et tertia in Ontarione perscribitur. [[Asteroides]] [[452 Hamiltonia]] nomine urbis appellatus est. ==Pinacotheca== <gallery> Fasciculus:Webster's Falls - Paul Bica.jpg|<center>[[Webster's Falls]]</center> Fasciculus:JacksonSquareHamilton.JPG|<center>[[Quadratum Lloyd D. Jackson]]</center> Fasciculus:DundurnCastleSummer.JPG|<center>[[Castellum Dundurn]]</center> </gallery> {{wide image|Hamilton Panoramic.jpg|1000px|Conspectus urbis (2008)}} ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Hamilton, Ontario|Hamiltoniam}} {{fontes geographici}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Hamiltonia|!]] eg9fzhuqtvez0eug75zfzbikxhexvca 0 191289 3965722 3834502 2026-06-20T07:30:43Z Surajr7 208394 3965722 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Scylla Louvre CA1341.jpg|right|thumb|Scylla in [[Crater (vas antiquum)|cratere]] Attico figuris rubentibus [[saeculum 5 a.C.n.|quinti saeculi a.C.n.]] picta. Museum Lupariense.]] '''Scylla''' ([[Graece]] {{lang|grc|Σκύλλα}}) in [[mythologia Graeca]] est formosa [[virgo]] a multis procis petita, donec in [[monstrum marinum]] a venefica [[Circe]] transfiguraretur. A quo tempore in [[Fretum Siculum|freto Siculo]] latuit, [[litus|litoris]] [[Calabria Nova|Calabrici]]<ref>Calabria Nova, id est Bruttium antiquum.</ref> rupe sub ima, [[navis|naves]] ultionis causa in [[saxum|saxa]] adliciens ut [[nauta]]s voraret. Ita praeternavigans sex comites perdidit [[Ulixes]], dum [[Charybdis|Charybdim]] altera parte freti minantem cavere conatur (unde proverbium natum est, [[Incidis in Scyllam cupiens vitare Charybdim]]). [[Aeneas]] vero vaticinationibus Troiani [[Helenus|Heleni]] monitus hunc transitum vitavit. Et [[Argonautae]] [[Thetis|Thetidis]] ope illinc incolumes evasere. Nam post [[Homerus|Homerum]] locus communis fuit [[navigatio]]num [[Carmen epicum|epicarum]]. ==De genealogia== De parentibus inter auctores antiquos non constat : alii dicunt [[Phorcus|Phorci]] et [[Hecate (discretiva)|Hecatae]] fuisse filiam<ref>Sic [[Apollonius Rhodius]] 7.20.</ref>, alii [[Typhon|Typhonis]] et [[Echidna|Echidnae]]<ref>Sic Hyginus 151.</ref>, alii alia. Apud [[Homerus|Homerum]] fuit filia [[Nympha|nymphae]] Crateidis.<ref>Od. XII,124. Sic etiam [[Ovidius]].</ref> == In Odyssea == Carmine duodecimo ''[[Odyssea|Odysseae]]'' ineunte [[Circe]] Ulixi Scyllam describebat ut monstrum horrendum in spelunca habitans media rupe mari imminente. Duodecim pedibus et sex collis oribusque sex triplici dentium serie armatis praedita erat quibus animalia marina vel etiam miseros nautas e navibus piscaretur. Vim adversus eam inutilem esse dicebatː nam malum aeternum esse. Nihilominus Ulixem monebat ut potius Scyllam praeterlegeret quam Charybdim, etiamsi sex homines amissurus erat. Etenim postea Ulixes comites validos sex quos comedit Scylla quamvis armatus miserandae morti eripere non potuit<ref>XII.222-259.</ref>. ==Fabula Ovidiana== [[Fasciculus:Castello scilla.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Saxum Scyllanum in Calabria.]] Sic poeta [[Ovidius]] formae mutatae fabulam narravit : Scylla, formosa virgo, in Calabria prope mare vitam agebat ubi colloquia cum [[Nereides|Nereidibus]] amicis habere solebat. Cum a multis aliis iuvenibus petebatur, tum deus marinus [[Glaucus (deus)|Glaucus]], statim ac vidit, inextinguibili cupidine exarsit. Nec tamen puellae persuasit ut secum coiret. Itaque dolore repulsae indignans veneficae [[Circe|Circes]] ad auxilium refugit atque philtrum amoris eam rogavit. At Circe, et ipsa amore Glauci ardens, eum hortatur ut puellam consentientem atque sui cupidam potius eligere vellet. Quod Glaucus omnino recusavit. Tunc filia [[Helius|Solis]], sese spretam aegre ferens, ultionem in miseram et insontem Scyllam meditatur, dum herbas maleficas colligit et commiscet. E quibus venenum factum in aquam qua virgo lavabatur ipsa effudit. Tunc Scylla, quamquam ora virginis retinens, : ''feris atram canibus succingitur alvum''<ref>XIII,732</ref> [[Fasciculus:Johann Heinrich Füssli 054.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Ulixes adversus Scyllam quae iam comites ex oribus suspensos in aerem sustulit. Tabula picta a Iohanne Henrico Füssli.]] Atque cum horrendam visu esse factam comperit, in mare sese praecipitavit, ubi sub rupe latuit. Nautas praetervehentes latratibus suis terrebat atque ulciscendae iniuriae causa vorare etiam conabatur. Secundum Ovidium, Aenea appropinquante, monstrum in saxum a deis mutatum est : etenim hodieque saxum immane ibi conspicimus, quod fortasse fabulae locum dedit. ==De locis variantibus apud alios auctores== Poeta qui [[Ciris (poema)|Cirim]] composuit non a Circe sed ab [[Amphitrite]], zelo commota quod maritus [[Poseidon]] timidam virginem compresserat, Scyllam mutatam voluit<ref>Servius traditionem paulo diversam refert, qua Posidon ipse, quia rivalis infelix Glauci fuerat, puellam tranfiguravit.</ref>. Verisimile est traditionem aliquam fuisse qua Scylla monstrum nascebatur : Nam Homerus nihil de formosa virgine meminit nec aliud cogitare videtur [[Hyginus mythographus|Hyginus]] cum eam dicit filiam Typhonis et Echidnae, qui mera monstra gignere solebant<ref> Fab. 151. Etiamsi capitulo 199 traditionem Ovidianam sequitur.</ref>. De figura corporali monstri quoque auctores variant : apud Homerum Scylla adhuc informis est, duodecim pedibus et sex gutturibus praedita. Hyginus, Homerum secutus, scripsit corporis infimam partem canis, non piscis fuisse<ref>Fab. 151. Fab. 199 vero traditionem endem atque Ovidius sequitur.</ref>. Postea caput et pectus virginis habere solet, canibus inguina cincta, caudam (vel plures caudas) piscis. Vergilius Scyllam describit tamquam ''immani corpore pistricem'' : ''Delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum''<ref>Aen. III,428.</ref> Omnino Scylla personificatio quaedam periculorum maris fuit, in primis scopulorum et voraginum. ==Imagines== [[Artifex|Artifices]] antiqui fabulas de hoc monstro taetro variis generibus artium, ut dicuntur, effectivarum expresserunt. Maximi autem momenti certo est illa statua Scyllae cum comitibus [[Ulixes|Ulixis]], quam imperatore [[Tiberius|Tiberio]] iubente sculptores Athenodorus et Hagesandrus et Polydorus fecerunt. Collocata erat in famosa spelunca ad mare sita propter oppidum [[Spelunca (oppidum Italiae)|Speluncam]] in Italia inferiore. Ibi enim imperator specum, quem partem villae suae fieri volebat, artificiis quibusdam errores Ulixis exprimentibus exornari iussit. Haec statua ex uno marmore monolitho facta Scyllam fingit, quae capitibus [[canis|caninis]] inguen suum cingentibus quinque comites Ulixis non iam resistentes devoratura est. Hoc artificium, destructum anno 511, in mari repertum 1957, compositum e 7.000 fragmentorum et magnorum et minutissimorum in ''Museo Nazionale di Sperlonga'' exposita est una cum ceteris statuis.<ref>Permulta de his rebus leguntur apud Bernard Andreae et Claudio Parisi Presicce, ''ulisse. il mito e la memoria'' (= liber catalogus expositionis in Palazzo delle Esposizioni Romae 1996). Progetti Museali Editore 1996, Roma. Imprimis pag. 280 ss. ("Il gruppo di scilla e della nave').</ref> Altera clara Scylla est illa [[Londinium|Londinii]] in British Museum (BM 1542). == Notae == <references/> ==Fontes== [[Fasciculus:J. W. Waterhouse - Circe Invidiosa - Google Art Project.jpg|left|thumb|150px|Circe medicamentum fundit, quae Scyllae metamorphoseos causa fuit. Tabula a [[Iohannes Gulielmus Waterhouse|Iohanne Gulielmo Waterhouse]] picta.]] *[[Aeschylus]], ''[[Agamemnon (Aeschylus)|Agamemnon]]'' 1233-4 [[Fasciculus:Denarius Sextus Pompeius-Scilla.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Scylla in [[Denarius|denario]] [[Sextus Pompeius|Sexti Pompei]] (qui Siciliam classe sua occupaverat).]] * [[Apollodori bibliotheca]] ''Epitome'' VII : 20-21. * [[Apollonius Rhodius]], libro quarto [[Argonautica (Apollonius Rhodius)|Argonauticon]] * [[Ciris (poema)|Ciris]] (poema ex [[Appendix Vergiliana|Appendice Vergiliana]]), versus 54-91. * [[Homerus]] ''[[Odyssea]]'' libro duodecimo. * [[Hyginus mythographus|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' 125, 151 et 199. * [[Ovidius]], libro tertio decimo [[Metamorphoses (Ovidius)|Metamorphoseon]] 730-748 et 898-968 necnon libro quarto decimo 1-74 *[[Servius grammaticus|Servius]]: ''Commentarius ad Aeneidem III,420.'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0053%3Abook%3D3%3Acommline%3D420 3, 420.] * [[Vergilius]], libro tertio [[Aeneis|Aeneidis]] 420-432 et 684-686. == Plura legere si cupis == * Pierre-Yves Brandt, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/gaia_1287-3349_2011_num_14_1_1553 Séduction et dévoration dans le parcours d'Ulysse]", ''GAIA. Revue interdisciplinaire sur la Grèce ancienne'', 2011ː 73-83 * Henri Froidevaux, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/geo_0003-4010_1894_num_4_14_7768 Une étude nouvelle sur Charybde et Scylla]", ''Annales de géographie'', 1894ː 113 * Céline Hanoteau, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1939_num_8_2_3428 Charybde et Scylla dans l'œuvre virgilienne]", ''L'Antiquité Classique'', 1939ː 383-394 * Pietro Li Causi, ''[http://www.pietrolicausi.it/public%5Cmateriali%20corso%202007_08%5C/relazionescillaecariddi.pdf Il mostruoso, la forma e l'informe. Storia di Scilla e Cariddi (in Omero e Virgilio)]'', Palermo, 2007 * Alessandra Lukinovich, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/gaia_1287-3349_1998_num_3_1_1337 Le cercle des douze étapes du voyage d'Ulysse aux confins du monde]", ''GAIA. Revue interdisciplinaire sur la Grèce ancienne'', 1998ː 9-26 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Scylla Scyllam] spectant * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928040613/http://www.lessing-photo.com/search.asp?a=1&kc=2020202053F6&kw=ODYSSEE%3ASCYLLA&p=1&ipp Imagines antiquae] *Hederich, Benjamin: [http://www.zeno.org/nid/2000283524X "Scylla"] - apud: ''Gründliches mythologisches Lexikon'', Lipsiae 1770, col. 2177-2180 *Vollmer, Wilhelm: [http://www.zeno.org/nid/20011511796 "Scylla"] - apud: ''Wörterbuch der Mythologie'', Stutgardiae 1874, p. 410 {{NexInt}} *[[155 Scylla]] [[Categoria:Mythologia Graeca]] [[Categoria:Pistrices]] klpwn01zivu4m7eovugfsopfwn6baei 0 196775 3965686 3908580 2026-06-19T23:21:31Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965686 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Attica 06-13 Athens 22 View from Acropolis Hill - Museum of Ancient Agora.jpg|thumb|[[Stoa (architectura)|Stoa]] sive porticus [[Attalus II|Attali II]] ex ruinis renovata [[Athenae|Athenis]] sita.]] [[Fasciculus:Stoa in Athens.jpg|thumb|Interiora fori Attali renovati.]] '''Porticus''' sive '''Stoa Attali''' est [[Stoa (architectura)|stoa]] [[Hellenismus|hellenistica]] [[Athenae|Athenis]] sita, quae [[saeculum 20|saeculo vicesimo]] renovata est, ut sit museum. Aedificium originale [[Attalus II]] rex [[Pergamum|Pergami]] [[saeculum 2 a.C.n.|saeculo secundo a.C.n.]] aedificari iussit. == Bibliographia == * Annabel Jane Wharton (2001):''Building the Cold War: Hilton International Hotels and Modern Architecture''. University of Chicago Press, Sicagi, p. 58 s. ([http://books.google.at/books?id=3PF-RTjpwC0C&pg=PA59&dq=stoa+attalos+rockefeller&client=firefox-a&cd=2#v=onepage&q=stoa%20attalos%20rockefeller&f=false epitome apud Google Books]). == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Stoa of Attalus|Porticum Attali}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20250615105700/https://fotopedia.com/en/Stoa_of_Attalos fotopedia.com], photographemata porticús Attali] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20101211075035/http://odysseus.culture.gr/h/2/eh2540.jsp?obj_id=10303 Ministerium Culturae: Museum] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20170422044550/http://www.athensinfoguide.com/gr/wtsmuseums/ancientagora.htm www.athensinfoguide.com Museum] {{stipula}} [[Categoria:Athenae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Aedificia Graeca antiqua]] [[Categoria:Confecta saeculo 2 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Musea Graeca]] [[Categoria:Monumenta Athenarum]] r5izqm9yyndjlhnwqx3b4ym0ojrowgn 0 198231 3965646 3485111 2026-06-19T16:48:43Z ~2026-35943-38 211182 /* */ 3965646 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Francois Englert.jpg|thumb|Franciscus Englert]] '''Franciscus Englert''' (vulgo ''François Englert'' natus ''[[Iatrebecca]]'' die [[6 Novembris]] [[1932]], mortuus die [[19 Iunii]] [[2026]]) fuit clarus [[physicus]] [[Belgia|Belgicus]]. Alma Mater sua [[Universitas Libera Bruxellensis (ULB)|Universitas Libera Bruxellensis]] et socius [[CERN]] et peritus [[physica statistica|physicae statisticae]] et [[physica particularum elementariarum|physicae particularum elementariarum]] est. Die [[8 Octobris]] [[2013]] [[Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] una cum [[Petrus Higgs|Petro Higgs]] laudatur. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|François Englert|Franciscum Englert}} * [http://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/physth/people_FEnglert.html Francisci Englert pagina interretialis] * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2013/ De Francisco Englert] in pagina Nobeliano Physicae Praemio anno 2013 dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{scien-bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1932||Englert, Franciscus}} [[Categoria:Physici Belgicae]] [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Liberae Bruxellensis]] 4hcd5b41ex0lhk6fn17sp6fajb2t01v 3965647 3965646 2026-06-19T16:49:39Z ~2026-35943-38 211182 /* */ 3965647 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Francois Englert.jpg|thumb|Franciscus Englert]] '''Franciscus Englert''' (vulgo ''François Englert'' natus [[Iatrebecca]] die [[6 Novembris]] [[1932]], mortuus die [[19 Iunii]] [[2026]]) fuit clarus [[physicus]] [[Belgia|Belgicus]]. Alma Mater sua [[Universitas Libera Bruxellensis (ULB)|Universitas Libera Bruxellensis]] et socius [[CERN]] et peritus [[physica statistica|physicae statisticae]] et [[physica particularum elementariarum|physicae particularum elementariarum]] est. Die [[8 Octobris]] [[2013]] [[Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] una cum [[Petrus Higgs|Petro Higgs]] laudatur. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|François Englert|Franciscum Englert}} * [http://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/physth/people_FEnglert.html Francisci Englert pagina interretialis] * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2013/ De Francisco Englert] in pagina Nobeliano Physicae Praemio anno 2013 dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{scien-bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1932||Englert, Franciscus}} [[Categoria:Physici Belgicae]] [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Liberae Bruxellensis]] 5xzanz5c1a1lvsnxywiyc433zh4rkbe 3965649 3965647 2026-06-19T16:50:32Z ~2026-35943-38 211182 /* */ 3965649 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Francois Englert.jpg|thumb|Franciscus Englert]] '''Franciscus Englert''' (vulgo ''François Englert'' natus [[Iatrebecca]] die [[6 Novembris]] [[1932]], mortuus die [[19 Iunii]] [[2026]]) fuit clarus [[physicus]] [[Belgia|Belgicus]]. Alma Mater sua [[Universitas Libera Bruxellensis (ULB)|Universitas Libera Bruxellensis]] et socius [[CERN]] et peritus [[physica statistica|physicae statisticae]] et [[physica particularum elementariarum|physicae particularum elementariarum]] fuit. Die [[8 Octobris]] [[2013]] [[Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] una cum [[Petrus Higgs|Petro Higgs]] laudatur. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|François Englert|Franciscum Englert}} * [http://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/physth/people_FEnglert.html Francisci Englert pagina interretialis] * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2013/ De Francisco Englert] in pagina Nobeliano Physicae Praemio anno 2013 dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{scien-bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1932||Englert, Franciscus}} [[Categoria:Physici Belgicae]] [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Liberae Bruxellensis]] obom0yb61g6ilof17k4s6rcgl28l5di 3965650 3965649 2026-06-19T16:51:20Z ~2026-35943-38 211182 /* */ 3965650 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Francois Englert.jpg|thumb|Franciscus Englert]] '''Franciscus Englert''' (vulgo ''François Englert'', natus [[Iatrebecca]] die [[6 Novembris]] [[1932]], mortuus die [[19 Iunii]] [[2026]]) fuit clarus [[physicus]] [[Belgia|Belgicus]]. Alma Mater sua [[Universitas Libera Bruxellensis (ULB)|Universitas Libera Bruxellensis]] et socius [[CERN]] et peritus [[physica statistica|physicae statisticae]] et [[physica particularum elementariarum|physicae particularum elementariarum]] fuit. Die [[8 Octobris]] [[2013]] [[Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] una cum [[Petrus Higgs|Petro Higgs]] laudatur. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|François Englert|Franciscum Englert}} * [http://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/physth/people_FEnglert.html Francisci Englert pagina interretialis] * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2013/ De Francisco Englert] in pagina Nobeliano Physicae Praemio anno 2013 dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{scien-bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1932||Englert, Franciscus}} [[Categoria:Physici Belgicae]] [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Liberae Bruxellensis]] qgfve8dkk6f6gjzytp4qiexlbsj5yi0 3965663 3965650 2026-06-19T17:48:10Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3965663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Franciscus Englert''' (vulgo ''François Englert'', natus [[Iatrebecca]]e die [[6 Novembris]] [[1932]], mortuus die [[19 Iunii]] [[2026]]) fuit clarus [[physicus]] [[Belgia|Belgicus]]. Alma Mater sua [[Universitas Libera Bruxellensis (ULB)|Universitas Libera Bruxellensis]] et socius [[CERN]] et peritus [[physica statistica|physicae statisticae]] et [[physica particularum elementariarum|physicae particularum elementariarum]] fuit. Die [[8 Octobris]] [[2013]] [[Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] una cum [[Petrus Higgs|Petro Higgs]] laudatur. == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus:Francois Englert.jpg|thumb|Franciscus Englert]] {{Fontes biographici}} {{Commonscat|François Englert|Franciscum Englert}} * [http://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/physth/people_FEnglert.html Francisci Englert pagina interretialis] * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2013/ De Francisco Englert] in pagina Nobeliano Physicae Praemio anno 2013 dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{scien-bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1932||Englert, Franciscus}} [[Categoria:Physici Belgicae]] [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Liberae Bruxellensis]] 0kmmeupvjoxf48rei5m5qqcyc5ezk99 3965716 3965663 2026-06-20T06:47:35Z ~2026-35933-15 211205 /* */ 3965716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Franciscus Englert''' (vulgo ''François Englert'', natus [[Iatrebecca]]e die [[6 Novembris]] [[1932]], mortuus [[Uccla|Ucclae]] die [[19 Iunii]] [[2026]]) fuit clarus [[physicus]] [[Belgia|Belgicus]]. Alma Mater sua [[Universitas Libera Bruxellensis (ULB)|Universitas Libera Bruxellensis]] et socius [[CERN]] et peritus [[physica statistica|physicae statisticae]] et [[physica particularum elementariarum|physicae particularum elementariarum]] fuit. Die [[8 Octobris]] [[2013]] [[Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] una cum [[Petrus Higgs|Petro Higgs]] laudatur. == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus:Francois Englert.jpg|thumb|Franciscus Englert]] {{Fontes biographici}} {{Commonscat|François Englert|Franciscum Englert}} * [http://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/physth/people_FEnglert.html Francisci Englert pagina interretialis] * [http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2013/ De Francisco Englert] in pagina Nobeliano Physicae Praemio anno 2013 dicata {{Ling|Anglice}} {{scien-bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1932||Englert, Franciscus}} [[Categoria:Physici Belgicae]] [[Categoria:Praemium Nobelianum Physicae]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Liberae Bruxellensis]] i148bsbz6l3hk456ncptkiimfswh8z0 0 211828 3965660 3961729 2026-06-19T17:11:32Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965660 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:17-Surg%C3%A8res-logis-seigneurial.jpg |thumb|Surgères: vici conciliabulum]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 17434.png|thumb|left|250px|Surgères: communis tabula]] ''' Surgères ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 6'498 incolarum (anno [[2011]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Carantonus Maritimus|Carantoni Maritimi]] in regione occidentali [[Pictaviensis et Carantoni]]s . {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat| Surgères | Surgères }} * {{INSEE commune|17434|de=Surgères}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210902074646/https://www.ville-surgeres.fr/ Surgères pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Carantoni Maritimi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Carantoni maritimi]] t703sb8u8bpsfya7frttih7kfq99n73 0 215904 3965635 3561220 2026-06-19T15:24:27Z EUPBR 187158 3965635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa scholae Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Lowicz-town-hall-150604_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Lovitium]] '''Lovitium'''<ref>[[Iohannes Iacobus Hofmannus|Hofmanni]] [[Lexicon Universale]], nomenclator, s.v. "[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0931c.html Lovitz]".</ref> (vulgo ''Łowicz'') est urbs [[Palatinatus Lodziensis|palatinatus Lodziensis]], in [[comitatus Lovitiensis|comitatu Lovitiensi]], ad fluvium [[Bzura]]m, ad finem septentrionalem [[campus Lovitiensis-Bloniensis|campi Lovitiensis-Bloniensis]]<!--Równina Łowicko-Błońska--> sita. Domicilium fuit [[primas|primatum]] tempore [[Prima res publica Polonica|Primae rei publicae Polonicae]]. In [[Secundum bellum mundanum|Secundo bello mundano]] diebus 9–19 Septembris [[1939]] fuit locus [[Proelium Bzurae fluvii|proelii Bzurae fluvii]]. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.lowicz.eu Urbis situs interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes Poloniae]] f7vzl4wwrrxkkv68rqeezfjpaf6rdia 0 217891 3965728 3896924 2026-06-20T10:56:29Z LilyKitty 18316 de sententia anno 2026 3965728 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Flag of the United Nations.svg|thumb|[[Nationes Unitae|Nationum Unitarum]] [[vexillum]]. ]] {{L1}} '''Dies mundialis profugorum''' est celebratio annua die [[20 Iunii]] sollemniter observanda, qua conscientia ad [[auxilium humanitarium]] promovendum de causis [[inundatio]]nis profugorum et de [[ius asyli|iure asyli]] per orbem terrarum exagitetur. Qui dies decreto 55/77 [[conventus generalis (Nationes Unitae)|conventus generalis]] [[Nationes Unitae|Nationum Unitarum]] die [[4 Decembris]] [[2000]] edictus est pro anno [[2001]], quinquagesimo demum anno post [[conventio de statu profugorum|conventionem de statu profugorum]] acceptam. Iam prius consilio [[ordo unitatis Africanae|ordinis unitatis Africanae]] dies 20 Iunii proclamatus est ad causam profugorum Africanorum. Qui dies in compluribus terris Africanis celebrabatur. Sententia anno 2025 "[[Solidaritas]] cum profungis" fuit et anno 2026 "Adhuc omnes tuti" est. In [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana]] dies mundialis migrantium profugorumque celebrari solet die 19 Ianuarii, qui dies anno [[1914]] institutus est. {{NexInt}} *[[Dies internationalis migrationis]] *[[Nemo illegitimus]] == Nexus externi == * [https://www.un.org/en/observances/refugee-day Situs CN] (Anglice) * [https://www.un.org/fr/observances/refugee-day Situs CN] (Francogallice) * [https://www.un.org/es/observances/refugee-day Situs CN] (Hispanice) [[Categoria:Nationes Unitae]] [[Categoria:Iura humana]] [[Categoria:Ritus Iunii]] [[Categoria:Incepta 2001]] jn60zcb0m423dna2cju21lme9ugdhzt 0 220937 3965595 3965587 2026-06-19T12:08:33Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Imperium Byzantinum]] 3965595 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} '''Lingua Graeca media''', [[Neograece]] Μεσαιωνική ελληνική γλώσσα (apud coaevos Ρωμαϊκή γλώσσα, ut qui diceret "lingua Romana"),<ref>Hakkarainen 2009; Haldon 2000.</ref> est species [[lingua Graeca|linguae Graecae]] inter exordium medii aevi anno circa 600 et expugnationem [[Constantinopolis]] anno 1453 factae, qui commune finis mediae aetatis in Europa austroorientali habetur. Lingua Graeca sola lingua [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|imperii Romani orientalis]] facta est, qua re hic status linguae saepe etiam '''lingua Byzantina''' nominatur. Interdum iam quartum saeculum p.C.n. initium huius status linguae existimatur, sed hoc arbitrarius statum esse videtur. Septimo tandem saeculo mores atque institutiones imperii tam profunde commutatae sunt, ut ibi discrimen inter antiquam Graecam linguam et mediam ponere fas esse videtur. Constat hic status linguae quasi ligamen inter antiquam et recentem Graecam linguam esse quod etsi in scriptis plurima specifica antiquae linguae retinebantur simul lingua cottidiana magis magisque indicia recentioris linguae Graecae exhibebat. Indagnatio{{dubsig}} mediae linguae Graecae est pars [[Byzantium|Byzantinisticae]] rationis. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} *[[Catharevusa]] *[[Lingua Graeca antiqua communis]] == Bibliographia == * Dagron, G. (1969). "Aux origines de la civilisation byzantine: langue de culture et langue d'état." ''Revue historique'' no. 489 pp. 23-56 * Hakkarainen, Mika (2009) "Bysantin kreikka." ''Keskiajan avain'' ['Clavis medii aevi'], ediderunt Lamberg, Marko & Lahtinen, Anu & Niiranen, Susanna, 426–443. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. * Haldon, John (2000). ''Byzantium: A History''. Tempus. [[Categoria:Lingua Graeca]] [[Categoria:Imperium Byzantinum]] bsx5m6oca3lh0tu01c5ppm5l8vmvy1m 3965596 3965595 2026-06-19T12:10:59Z Andrew Dalby 1084 fons huius nominis? 3965596 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} '''Lingua Graeca media''', [[Neograece]] Μεσαιωνική ελληνική γλώσσα (apud coaevos Ῥωμαϊκή γλῶσσα, ut qui diceret "lingua Romana"),<ref>Hakkarainen 2009; Haldon 2000.</ref> est species [[lingua Graeca|linguae Graecae]] inter exordium medii aevi anno circa 600 et expugnationem [[Constantinopolis]] anno 1453 factae, qui commune finis mediae aetatis in Europa austroorientali habetur. Lingua Graeca sola lingua [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|imperii Romani orientalis]] facta est, qua re hic status linguae saepe etiam '''lingua Byzantina''' nominatur.{{FD ref}} Interdum iam quartum saeculum p.C.n. initium huius status linguae existimatur, sed hoc arbitrarius statum esse videtur. Septimo tandem saeculo mores atque institutiones imperii tam profunde commutatae sunt, ut ibi discrimen inter antiquam Graecam linguam et mediam ponere fas esse videtur. Constat hic status linguae quasi ligamen inter antiquam et recentem Graecam linguam esse quod etsi in scriptis plurima specifica antiquae linguae retinebantur simul lingua cottidiana magis magisque indicia recentioris linguae Graecae exhibebat. Indagnatio{{dubsig}} mediae linguae Graecae est pars [[Byzantium|Byzantinisticae]] rationis. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} *[[Catharevusa]] *[[Lingua Graeca antiqua communis]] == Bibliographia == * Dagron, G. (1969). "Aux origines de la civilisation byzantine: langue de culture et langue d'état." ''Revue historique'' no. 489 pp. 23-56 * Hakkarainen, Mika (2009) "Bysantin kreikka." ''Keskiajan avain'' ['Clavis medii aevi'], ediderunt Lamberg, Marko & Lahtinen, Anu & Niiranen, Susanna, 426–443. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. * Haldon, John (2000). ''Byzantium: A History''. Tempus. [[Categoria:Lingua Graeca]] [[Categoria:Imperium Byzantinum]] 3gn5myk6gm7rqfh1ntcdsk4lww2xti6 3965597 3965596 2026-06-19T12:11:53Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3965597 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} '''Lingua Graeca media''', [[Neograece]] Μεσαιωνική ελληνική γλώσσα (apud coaevos Ῥωμαϊκὴ γλῶσσα, ut qui diceret "lingua Romana"),<ref>Hakkarainen 2009; Haldon 2000.</ref> est species [[lingua Graeca|linguae Graecae]] inter exordium medii aevi anno circa 600 et expugnationem [[Constantinopolis]] anno 1453 factae, qui commune finis mediae aetatis in Europa austroorientali habetur. Lingua Graeca sola lingua [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|imperii Romani orientalis]] facta est, qua re hic status linguae saepe etiam '''lingua Byzantina''' nominatur.{{FD ref}} Interdum iam quartum saeculum p.C.n. initium huius status linguae existimatur, sed hoc arbitrarius statum esse videtur. Septimo tandem saeculo mores atque institutiones imperii tam profunde commutatae sunt, ut ibi discrimen inter antiquam Graecam linguam et mediam ponere fas esse videtur. Constat hic status linguae quasi ligamen inter antiquam et recentem Graecam linguam esse quod etsi in scriptis plurima specifica antiquae linguae retinebantur simul lingua cottidiana magis magisque indicia recentioris linguae Graecae exhibebat. Indagnatio{{dubsig}} mediae linguae Graecae est pars [[Byzantium|Byzantinisticae]] rationis. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} *[[Catharevusa]] *[[Lingua Graeca antiqua communis]] == Bibliographia == * Dagron, G. (1969). "Aux origines de la civilisation byzantine: langue de culture et langue d'état." ''Revue historique'' no. 489 pp. 23-56 * Hakkarainen, Mika (2009) "Bysantin kreikka." ''Keskiajan avain'' ['Clavis medii aevi'], ediderunt Lamberg, Marko & Lahtinen, Anu & Niiranen, Susanna, 426–443. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura. * Haldon, John (2000). ''Byzantium: A History''. Tempus. [[Categoria:Lingua Graeca]] [[Categoria:Imperium Byzantinum]] knrwygds7oiqzzkxmme7gjpa8k7gytr 0 224223 3965721 3725301 2026-06-20T07:27:00Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Rabia Özden Kazan''' ([[Melitene|Melitenae]] nata die [[25 Iunii]] [[1976]]) est [[Turcia]]e [[diurnarius|diurnaria]].<ref>[http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/19797500.asp ''Hürriyet: Rabia'nın büyük değişimi'']</ref> Anno [[2007]] ''Tahran Melekleri'' (Angeli [[Teheranum|Teherani]]) scripsit, de foeminarum mala condicione in [[Irania]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141018220625/http://blog.libero.it/taniarocha/6873134.html?ssonc=1773759845 ''Rabia Kazan racconta la schiavitù delle donne'']</ref> Anno [[2008]] politico Hyacintho Licursi nupsit et anno [[2012]] velum tiravit<ref>[http://beforeitsnews.com/opinion-conservative/2013/05/death-threats-for-turkish-author-rabia-kazan-for-removing-her-veil-2634632.html ''Death threats for Turkish author Rabia Kazan for removing her veil'']</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141230111250/http://themuslimissue.wordpress.com/2013/05/10/bestselling-turkish-writer-is-receiving-death-threats-after-she-took-her-veil-off/ ''Bestselling Turkish writer is receiving death threats after she took her veil off'']</ref> et voluntaria in ''WFUNA'' (World Federation of United Nations Associations) adfuit. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1976||Kazan, Rabia}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Turciae]] [[Categoria:Diurnarii Turciae]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] b91eh8y15ebk6iu968b80aq0fiz7twg 0 227564 3965697 3963639 2026-06-20T01:05:54Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965697 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Burning-Bush-1.gif|thumb|[[Symbolus]] ab [[Ecclesia Presbyteriana in Hibernia]] adhibitus.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130607161236/http://www.presbyterianireland.org/about-us/historical-information/burning-bush Presbyterian Church in Ireland].</ref> [[Rubus ardens]] est signum usitatum ab ecclesiis Presbyterianis per [[tellus|orbem terrarum]] adhibitum.]] '''Presbyterianismus''' est ramus [[Calvinismus|Protestantismi Reformati]] qui origines trahit ex [[Insulae Britannicae|Insulis Britannicis]]. Ecclesiae Presbyterianae suum nomen a [[politia presbyteriana|presbyteriana]] [[politia ecclesiastica|administrationis ecclesiasticae]] forma deducunt, quae est [[rectio|administratio]] per conventus repraesentativos [[maior Presbyterianus|maiorum]] coetus effecta. Multae ecclesiae reformatae sic ordinantur, sed [[vocabulum]] ''Presbyterianus,'' cum capitalizatum, saepe ad ecclesias quae earum origines ex ecclesiis Scoticis et Anglicis quae illum nomen tulerunt et ad greges Anglicos politicos qui per [[Bellum Civile Anglicum]] nati sunt unice adhibetur.<ref>Philip Benedict ''Christ's Churches Purely Reformed: A Social History of Calvinism'' (Portu Novo: Yale University Press, 2002, ISBN 9780300105070), xiv.</ref> [[Theologia]] Presbyteriana principatum [[Deus|Dei]], [[auctoritas|auctoritatem]] [[Biblia|scripturarum]], et necessitudinem [[gratia]]e per [[fides|fidem]] [[Christus|Christi]] usitate exprimit. [[Politia ecclesiastica]] Presbyteriana in [[Scotia]] ab [[Actus Unionis|Actibus Unionis]] anno [[1707]] sanctis constituta est,<ref>{{cite web|title=Protestant Religion and Presbyterian Church Act 1707|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/aosp/1707/6|work=The National Archives|publisher=United Kingdom}}.</ref> qui [[Britanniarum Regnum|regnum Magnae Britanniae]] creaverunt. Plurimi Presbyteriani re vera in Anglia inventi a maioribus [[Scoti]]s repetere possunt, et secta Presbyteriana in [[America Septentrionalis|Americam Septentrionalem]] importata est plerumque ab advenis Scotis et [[Americanus Scotico-Hibernianus|Scotis-Hibernicis]]. Sectae Presbyterianae in [[Scotia]] [[theologia]]m [[Ioannes Calvinus|Ioannis Calvini]] et eius proximorum successorum tenent, quamquam intra Presbyterianismum hodiernum homines diversas declarant sententias. [[Fasciculus:John Knox woodcut.jpg|thumb|[[Ioannes Knox]].]] [[Fasciculus:USVA headstone emb-04.svg|thumb|160px|Crux Presbyteriana.]] [[Fasciculus:Presbyterian Catechising.jpg|thumb|Presbyterianus [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicensimo]] [[spectator (theatrum)|auditores]] [[catechesis|catechizat]].]] [[Fasciculus:Covenanters in a Glen.jpg|thumb|''Covenanters in a Glen''&thinsp;: [[conventiculum]] contra [[lex|leges]].]] [[Fasciculus:Presbyterian Family Connections.jpg|thumb|Progressus Presbyterianismi in Civitatibus Foederatis.]] [[Fasciculus:The First Presbyterian Church Phoenix.JPG|thumb|[[Prima Ecclesia Presbyteriana (Phoenix Arizonae)|Prima Ecclesia Presbyteriana]] [[Phoenix (Arizona)|Phoenicis]] [[Arizona]]e.]] [[Fasciculus:Catedral Presbiteriana, Rio de Janeiro.jpg|thumb|Ecclesia Presbyteriana [[Urbs Fluminensis|Urbis Fluminensis]] [[Brasilia]]e.]] [[Fasciculus:Jowai Presbyterian Church.JPG|thumb|[[Ecclesia Presbyteriana Jowai]] [[India]]e.]]<!-- [[Fasciculus:Timeline of Aust. Pres. Denominations.png|thumb|500px|Timeline showing the Presbyterian denominations in Australia over the past 100 years, and the movement of congregations from one to another]]--> [[Fasciculus:Kaikorai Presbyterian Church Dunedin New Zealand.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Ecclesia Presbyteriana Kaikorai]] [[Nova Zelandia|Novae Zelandiae]].]] Congregationes in variis locis [[politia presbyteriana]] utentes a [[sessio (Presbyterianismus)|sessionibus]] in legatis congregationis ([[maior presbyterianus|maiorum]]) constistentibus administrantur. Hic usus [[conciliaritas|conciliaritatis]] in aliis decernendi gradibus ([[presbyterium (politia ecclesiastica)|presbyterio]], [[synodus Presbyterianus|synodo]], [[Coetus Generalis (Presbyterianismus)|coetu generali]]) etiam inveniuntir. Radices Presbyterianismi in [[Europa]]ea [[saeculum 16|saeculi sexti decimi]] [[Reformatio|Reformatione Protestante]] iacent; exemplum [[Genava]]e [[Ioannes Calvinus|Ioannis Calvini]] auctoritatem gravem praesertim habet. Plurimae [[Calvinismus|ecclesiae reformatae]] ex [[cultura]] [[Scotia|Scotica]] ortae aut presbyterianae aut [[politas Congregationalis|congregationalisticae]] in [[rectio]]ne sunt. [[Saeculum 20|Saeculo vicensimo]], nonnulli Presbyteriani, inter quos [[Concilium Ecclesiarum Universum]]<!--World Council of Churches--> fuit, partes magni momenti in [[Motus oecumenicus|motu oecumenico]] egerunt. Multae sectae Presbyterianae cum aliis sectis reformatis et Christianis aliarum traditionum una agunt, praecipue in [[Communio Ecclesiarum Reformatarum Universa|Communione Ecclesiarum Reformatarum Universa]]. Nonnullae ecclesiae Presbyterianae se cum aliis ecclesiis coniunxerunt, sicut [[Ecclesiae Congregationales|Congregationalistae]], [[Lutherani]], [[Anglicani]], et [[Methodistae]]. ==Historia== [[Historia]] Presbyteriana est pars [[historia Christianitatis]], sed initium Presbyterianismi ue motus distinctus per [[Reformatio]]nem Protestantem [[saeculum 16|saeculi sexti decimi]] factum est. Cum [[Ecclesia Catholica]] correctoribus obstarent, omnis ecclesia Christiana fissa est, et varii motus [[theologia|theologici]] varias sectas pepererunt. Praecipue motus est Presbyterianismus a [[Ioannes Calvinus|Ioanne Calvino]], theologo [[Francia|Francico]], qui progressum inspiravit [[Calvinismus|theologiam reformatam]] et opus [[Ioannes Knox|Ioannis Knox]], Scotici qui discipulus Calvini [[Genava]]e in [[Helvetia]] eius doctrinam ad Scotiam tulerunt. Ecclesia Presbyteriana principio ex [[Anglia]] et [[Scotia]] ergo venit. Mense Augusto [[1560]], [[Parlamentum Scotiae]] [[Confessio Scotica|Confessionem Scoticam]] sanxit, pro publica regni Scotici [[fides|fide]]. Decembri mense eiusdem anni, ''[[Primus Liber Disciplinae]]'' prolatus est, qui res doctrinales magni momenti exposuit, sed etiam praecepta [[rectio]]nis ecclesiae constituit, inter quas creatio fuit [[decem]] ecclesiae [[districtus|districtuum]], quibus fuerunt procuratores designati, ad ultimum [[presbyterium (politas ecclesiastica)|presbyteria]] appellata.<ref>{{CathEnc|13627a|Established Church of Scotland|from=Q922480}}.</ref> ==Vanuatu== [[Ecclesia Presbyteriana in Vanuatu]] est maxima secta in [[civitas|civitate]] constituta, cui est fere tertia pars numeri civium Christianorum. Haec ecclesia in Vanuatu a [[missionarius|missionariis]] ex [[Scotia]] missis importata est. Caput Ecclesiae Presybyterianae in Vanuatu est moderator cuius officina in urbe [[Portus Vila|Portu Vila]] est. Ecclesia potestantem praestantem in provinciis [[Tafea]], [[Shefa Provincia|Shefa]], et [[Malampa]] habet. Provincia [[Sanma Provincia|Sanma]] plerumque est Presbyteriana, sed insignis minoritas [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholica Romana]] in [[regio]]nibis [[francophonus|francophonis]] [[habitatio|habitant]]; sunt homines Presbyteriani, sed nulla ecclesiae ordinatae Presbyterianae, in [[Penama]] et [[Torba Province|Torba]], quarum ambae provinciae plerumque [[Ecclesia Anglicana|Anglicanae]] sunt. Vanuatu est sola civitas in [[Oceanus Pacificus|Pacifico Australi]] cui sunt maior hereditas multique assectatores Presbyteriani. Ecclesia Presbyteriana in Vanuatu est unus ex conditoribus [[Concilium Christianum Vanuatuense|Concilii Christiani Vanuatensis]], et multas [[ludus litterarius|scholas primarias]] et scholam secundariam Onesua exercet. Ecclesia, quamquam nonnulli assectatores [[fundamentalismus Christianus|fundamentalistae]] modo [[Civitates Foederatae|Americano]] facti sunt, potens manet, praecipue in [[vicus|pagis]] rusticis. {{NexInt}} *[[Reformatio]] *[[Regium Donum]] *[[Religio in Scotia]] *[[Tempus Necandi]]<!-- *[[Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy]] *[[Ghost Ranch]] *[[Puritan's Pit]] *[[Reformed confessions of faith#Presbyterian|Confessions of faith]] *[[Scotch-Irish American]]--> ===Ecclesiae=== *[[Cathedralis Sancti Giles]], Edinburgi (Ecclesia Scotiae)<!--famous among Presbyterians worldwide for John Knox's success in preaching there--> *[[Index ecclesiarum Presbyterianarum]] *[[Index sectarum Christianarum#Presbyterianismus]]<!-- ===Collegia et seminaria=== *[[:Category:Presbyterian universities and colleges|Presbyterian universities and colleges]]--> ===Homines=== Clerici et theologi: *[[Alexander Henderson (theologus)|Alexander Henderson]] *[[Andreas Jackson]] *[[Gulielmus Guthrie (Puritanus)|Gulielmus Guthrie]], scriptor [http://www.covenantofgrace.com/christians_great_interest.htm ''The Christian's Great Interest'']{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *[[Iacobus Renwick]], covenanter et martyr *[[Thomas Boston]] *[[Buzz Aldrin]] *[[Radulphus Erskine (praedicator)|Radulphus Erskine]], [[praedicator]] et [[poeta]] *[[Thomas M'Crie Maior]] (scripsit ''Life of John Knox'') *[[Robertus Murray McCheyne]] *[[Ioannes Barret (divinus)]] *[[Gulielmus Chalmers Burns]]<!-- (revival preacher, missionary to China)--> *[[Eugenius Carson Blake]] *[[Fridericus Buechner]] *[[Gordon Clark]] *[[Robertus Lewis Dabney]] * [[J. Ligon Duncan]] *[[Georgius MacPherson Docherty]] *[[Ioannes Forrest (clericus Canadiensis)|Ioannes Forrest]] (clericus Canadiensis et educator) *[[Ricardus Gaffin]] *[[Sylvester Graham]], nutritionista et pastor *[[Archibaldus Alexander Hodge]] *[[Carolus Hodge]] *[[Ricardus C. Halverson]] *[[Timothaeus J. Keller]] *[[Bryan Chapell]] *[[D. Iacobus Kennedy]] *[[J. Gresham Machen]] *[[Petrus Marshall (praedicator)|Petrus Marshall]], [[praedicator]] *[[Donn Moomaw]] *[[Ioannes Murray (theologus)|Ioannes Murray]] *[[Fridericus Rogers]], hostis televisificus et pastor *[[Franciscus Schaeffer]] *[[Gulielmus Sunday]] *[[Iacobus Henley Thornwell]] *[[Thomas Torrance]] *[[Cornelius Van Til]] *[[R. J. Rushdoony]] *[[Ioannes Frame (theologus)|Ioannes Frame]] *[[Radulphus Waite]], [[histrio]] et [[pastor]] *[[Beniaminus Breckinridge Warfield]] *[[Robertus Ricardus Wilson]] *[[Ioannes Witherspoon]] ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Adams, Jay E. [[1975]]. ''The Meaning and Mode of Baptism'' Thomas Shepard.<!--Reformed Presbyterian perspective on Aspersion & Affusion--> *Brown, Stewart J. [[2001]]. ''The National Churches of England, Ireland, and Scotland, 1801-46.'' *Chaney, James M. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090708014704/http://www.doulosresources.org/books/william/william.html William the Baptist].''<!--Reformed Presbyterian perspective on baptism and infant baptism--> *Davies, A. Mervyn. [[1965]]. ''Presbyterian Heritage.'' *Foote, William Henry. [[1846]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080204211838/http://www.roanetnhistory.org/footenorthcarolina.html ''Sketches of North Carolina, Historical and Biographical,''] www.roanethistory.org<!--history of early North Carolina and its Presbyterian churches--> *Klempa, William, ed. [[1994]]. ''The Burning Bush and a Few Acres of Snow: The Presbyterian Contribution to Canadian Life and Culture.'' *Lang. Andrew. [[1905]]. ''John Knox and the Reformation.'' *Lingle, Walter L., et John W. Kuykendall. [[1978]]. ''Presbyterians: Their History and Beliefs.'' Ed. 4a. Atlantae: Westminster John Knox Press. *Marsden, George M. [[2004]]. ''The Evangelical Mind and the New School Presbyterian Experience.'' *Noll, Mark A. [[2004]]. ''Princeton And The Republic, 1768–1822.'' *Shepard, Thomas. [[1662]]. ''[http://www.apuritansmind.com/covenant-theology/children-and-church-membership-by-dr-thomas-shepard/ The Church Membership of Children, and Their Right to Baptism].''<!--Reformed Presbyterian perspective on infants' right to church membership--> *Smith, Frank Joseph. [[1985]]. ''The History of the Presbyterian Church in America.'' Manassas Virginiae: Reformation Education Foundation. *Smylie, James H. [[1996]]. ''Brief History of the Presbyterians.'' Ludovicopoli Kentukiae: Geneva Press. *Sweet, William Warren. [[1936]]. ''Religion on the American Frontier, 1783—1840.'' Vol. 2: ''The Presbyterians.'' *Thompson, Ernest Trice. [[1963]]–[[1973]]. ''Presbyterians in the South.'' Vol. 1: ad 1860. Vol. 2: 1861–1890. Vol. 3: 1890–1972. *Trinterud, Leonard J. [[1949]]. ''The Forming of an American Tradition: A Re-Examination of Colonial Presbyterianism.'' ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Presbyterianism|Presbyterianismum}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110725145645/http://www.cathedralofhope.org/about/church-history-architecture.html "History and Architecture :: East Liberty Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh, PA,"] www.cathedralofhope.org *[http://www.phcmontreat.org "Presbyterian Heritage and History Center,"] www.phcmontreat.org *[http://www.prpbooks.com/ "Presbyterian & Reformed Publishing,"] www.prpbooks.com *[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090902103505/http%3A//www.pcusa.org/101/101%2Dhistory.htm "Presbyterian 101: Mission and Ministry,"] www.pcusa.org<!-- * St.Andrews Prebystarian church in Lahore, Pakistan.[http://www.pcpnabharoad.com Church Website]--> [[Categoria:Calvinismus]] [[Categoria:Communitates Protestantes]] [[Categoria:Presbyterianismus| ]] [[Categoria:Reformatio]] [[Categoria:Termini Christiani]] pe3yh82giejay98b8qlb2s6xqvgwqmq 0 233262 3965667 3960781 2026-06-19T19:22:31Z Император 4187 3965667 wikitext text/x-wiki Hoc est [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]] '''[[cardinalis |cardinalium]] viventium''' index. Hic index sodales vivos [[Collegium Cardinalium|Collegii Cardinalium]] exhibet. Nunc (a die {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} usque ad diem [[18 Iulii]] [[2026]]), Collegium Cardinalium constat ex 241 cardinalibus ex 92 nationibus, quorum 121 aetatem 80 annorum attigerunt, quod significat eos non idoneos esse ad [[Conclave]] participandum. Sunt 121 cardinales electores ex 66 civitatibus. Collegium comprehendit cardinales nominatos ab: * 38 a Papa [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioanne Paulo II]]; * 58 a Papa [[Benedictus XVI|Benedicto XVI]]; * 144 a Papa [[Franciscus (papa)|Francisco]]. Index secundum ordinationem cardinalium ordine chronologico ordinatur. Cardinalis natu maximus est Cardinalis Italicus [[Angelus Acerbi]], annos natus 100; minimus natu est Cardinalis Ucrainicus-Australianus [[Nicolaus Byčok]], annos natus 45. == Cardinales a Ioanne Paulo II == === Consistorium diei 2 februarii 1983 === * [[Michael Michai Kitbunchu]] === Consistorium diei 25 maii 1985 === * [[Franciscus Arinze]] * [[Paulus Iosephus Ioannes Poupard]] * [[Fridericus Wetter]] === Consistorium diei 28 iunii 1991 === * [[Nicolaus Iesus López Rodríguez]] * [[Rogerius Michael Mahony]] === Consistorium die 26 mensis Novembris anno 1994 === * [[Iulius Riyadi Darmaatmadja]] * [[Emmanuel Wamala]] * [[Adam Iosephus Maida]] * [[Vinko Puljić]] * [[Ioannes Sandoval Íñiguez]] === Consistorium diei 21 mensis Februarii anno 1998 === * [[Iacobus Franciscus Stafford]] * [[Salvator De Giorgi]] * [[Antonius María Rouco Varela]] * [[Christophorus Schönborn]] * [[Norbertus Rivera Carrera]] * [[Ioannes Pujats]] === Consistorium diei 21 Februarii 2001 === * [[Ioannes Baptista Re]] * [[Iosephus Saraiva Martins]] * [[Crescentius Sepe]] * [[Gualtherius Kasper]] * [[Audrys Juozas Backis]] * [[Franciscus Xavierius Errázuriz Ossa]] * [[Vilfridus Fox Napier]] * [[Anscharius Andreas Rodríguez Maradiaga]] * [[Ioannes Ludovicus Cipriani Thorne]] === Consistorium diei 21 Octobris 2003 === * [[Iulianus Herranz Casado]] * [[Angelus Scola]] * [[Antonius Olubunmi Okogie]] * [[Gabriel Zubeir Wako]] * [[Iustinus Franciscus Rigali]] * [[Ennius Antonelli]] * [[Tarsicius Bertone]] * [[Petrus Kodwo Appiah Turkson]] * [[Iosephus Bozanić]] * [[Philippus Barbarin]] * [[Petrus Erdő]] * [[Marcus Ouellet]] == Cardinales a Benedicto XVI == === Consistorium diei 24 martii 2006 === * [[Francus Rodé]] * [[Augustinus Vallini]] * [[Gaudentius Rosales]] * [[Ioannes Petrus Ricard]] * [[Antonius Cañizares Llovera]] * [[Ioannes Patricius O'Malley]] * [[Stanislaus Dziwisz]] * [[Iosephus Zen Ze-kiun]] === Consistorium die 24 mensis Novembris anno 2007 === * [[Leonardus Sandri]] * [[Ioannes Lajolo]] * [[Angelus Comastri]] * [[Stanislaus Rylko]] * [[Raphael Farina]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Brady]] * [[Ludovicus Martínez Sistach]] * [[Angelus Bagnasco]] * [[Theodorus Hadrianus Sarr]] * [[Osvaldus Gracias]] * [[Franciscus Robles Ortega]] * [[Daniel Nicolaus DiNardo]] * [[Odilo Petrus Scherer]] * [[Ioannes Njue]] === Consistorium die 20 mensis Novembris anno 2010 === * [[Robertus Sarah]] * [[Franciscus Monterisi]] * [[Raimundus Leo Burke]] * [[Curtius Koch]] * [[Maurus Piacenza]] * [[Ioannes Franciscus Ravasi]] * [[Paulus Romeo]] * [[Donaldus Gulielmus Wuerl]] * [[Raimundus Damascenus Assis]] * [[Casimirus Nycz]] * [[Albertus Milcolumbus Ranjith]] * [[Reinhardus Marx]] * [[Gualterius Brandmüller]] === Consistorium diei 18 februarii 18 2012 === * [[Ferdinandus Filoni]] * [[Manuel Monteiro de Castro]] * [[Santos Abril y Castelló]] * [[Antonius Maria Vegliò]] * [[Iosephus Bertello]] * [[Franciscus Coccopalmerio]] * [[Ioannes Blasius de Aviz]] * [[Edvinus Fridericus O’Brien]] * [[Dominicus Calcagno]] * [[Iosephus Versaldi]] * [[Georgius Alencherry]] * [[Thomas Christopher Collins|Thomas Christophorus Collins]] * [[Gulielmus Iacobus Eijk]] * [[Iosephus Betori]] * [[Timotheus Dolan]] * [[Rainerius Maria Woelki]] * [[Ioannes Tong Hon]] === Consistorium, die 24 mensis Novembris anno 2012 === * [[Iacobus Michael Harvey]] * [[Béchara Petrus Raï]] * [[Isaac Cleemis Thottunkal]] * [[Ioannes Olorunfemi Onaiyekan]] * [[Ruben Salazar Gómez]] * [[Aloysius Antonius Tagle]] == Cardinales a Francisco Papa designati == === Consistorium diei 22 februarii 2014 === * [[Petrus Parolin]] * [[Laurentius Baldisseri]] * [[Gerardus Ludovicus Müller]] * [[Beniaminus Stella]] * [[Vincentius Nichols]] * [[Leopoldus Iosephus Brenes Solórzano]] * [[Geraldus Cyprianus Lacroix]] * [[Ioannes Petrus Kutwa]] * [[Oranus Ioannes Tempesta]] * [[Gualtherius Bassetti]] * [[Marius Aurelius Poli]] * [[Andreas Yeom Soo-jung]] * [[Ricardus Ezzati Andrello]] * [[Philippus Ouédraogo]] * [[Orlandus Quevedo]] * [[Chibly Langlois]] === Consistorium diei 14 februarii 2015 === * [[Dominicus Mamberti]] * [[Manuel Iosephus Macarius do Nascimento Clemente]] * [[Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel]] * [[Ioannes Atcherley Dew]] * [[Petrus Nguyên Văn Nhon]] * [[Albertus Suárez Inda]] * [[Carolus Maung Bo]] * [[Franciscus Xaverius Kriengsak Kovithavanij]] * [[Franciscus Montenegro]] * [[Daniel Ferdinandus Sturla Berhouet]] * [[Ricardus Blázquez Pérez]] * [[Iosephus Ludovicus Lacunza Maestrojuán]] * [[Arlindo Gomes Furtado]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Paini Mafi]] * [[Ludovicus Hector Villalba]] * [[Iulius Duarte Langa]] === Consistorium die 19 mensis Novembris anno 2016 === * [[Marius Zenari]] * [[Adeodato Nzapalainga]] * [[Carolus Osora Sierra]] * [[Sergius a Rocha]] * [[Blasius Iosephus Cupich]] * [[Patricius D’Rozario]] * [[Balthasar Henricus Porras Cardozo]] * [[Iosephus de Kesel]] * [[Mauricius Piat]] * [[Coemgenus Iosephus Farrell]] * [[Carolus Aguiar Retes]] * [[Ioannes Ribat]] * [[Iosephus Guilielmus Tobin]] * [[Ernestus Simoni]] === Consistorium diei 28 iunii 2017 === * [[Ioannes Zerbo]] * [[Ioannes Iosephus Omella]] * [[Andreas Arborelius]] * [[Ludovicus-Maria Ling Mangkhanekhoun]] * [[Gregorius Rosa Chavez]] === Consistorium diei 28 iunii 2018 === * [[Ludovicus Raphaël I Sako]] * [[Aloisius Franciscus Ladaria Ferrer]] * [[Angelus de Donatis]] * [[Ioannes Angelus Becciu]] * [[Conradus Krajewski]] * [[Iosephus Coutts]] * [[Antonius Augustus dos Santos Marto]] * [[Petrus Ricardus Barreto Jimeno]] * [[Desiderius Tsarahazana]] * [[Iosephus Petrocchi]] * [[Thomas Aquinas Manyo Maeda]] * [[Toribius Ticona Porco]] * [[Aquilinus Bocos Merino]] === Consistorium diei 5 octobris 2019 === * [[Iosephus Tolentino de Mendonça]] * [[Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo]] * [[Ioannes de la Caridad García Rodríguez]] * [[Fridolinus Ambongo Besungu]] * [[Ioannes Claudius Hollerich]] * [[Alvarus Leonellus Ramazzini Imeri]] * [[Matthaeus Maria Zuppi]] * [[Christophorus López Romero]] * [[Michael Czerny]] * [[Michael Ludovicus Fitzgerald]] * [[Sigitas Tamkevičius]] === Consistorium die 28 mensis Novembris anno 2020 === * [[Marius Grech]] * [[Marcellus Semeraro]] * [[Antonius Kambanda]] * [[Wilton Daniel Gregory]] * [[Iosephus Fuerte Advincula]] * [[Celestinus Aós Braco]] * [[Augustus Paulus Lojudice]] * [[Maurus Gambetti]] * [[Philippus Arizmendi Esquivel]] * [[Silvanous Maria Tomasi]] * [[Rainerus Cantalamessa]] * [[Henricus Feroci]] === Consistorium diei 27 Augusti 2022 === * [[Arthurus Roche]] * [[Lazarus You Heung-sik]] * [[Ferdinandus Vérgez Alzaga]] * [[Ioannes-Marcus Avelin]] * [[Petrus Ebere Okpaleke]] * [[Leonardus Ulricus Steiner]] * [[Philippus Neri Antonius Sebastianus do Rosário Ferran]] * [[Robertus Gualterius McElroy]] * [[Virgilius do Carmo da Silva]] * [[Anscharius Cantoni]] * [[Antonius Pula]] * [[Paulus Ceasar Costa]] * [[Gulielmus Goh Seng Chye]] * [[Adalbertus Martínez Flores]] * [[Georgius Marengo]] * [[Georgius Henricus Jiménez Carvajal]] * [[Henricus Miglio]] * [[Ioannes Franciscus Ghirlanda]] * [[Fortunatus Frezza]] === Consistorium Septembris 30, 2023 === * [[Claudius Gugerotti]] * [[Victorius Emmanuel Fernández]] * [[Christophorus Petrus]] * [[Petrus Baptista Pizzaballa]] * [[Stephanus Brizlin]] * [[Angelus Sixtus Rossi]] * [[Ludovicus Iosephus Rueda Aparicio]] * [[Gregorius Ryś]] * [[Stephanus Ameyu Martin Mulla]] * [[Iosephus Kobo Cano]] * [[Protasius Rugambwa]] * [[Sebastianus Francis]] * [[Stephanus Chow Sau-yan]] * [[Franciscus-Xaverius Bustillo]] * [[Americus Emmanuel Alviz Aguiar]] * [[Angelus Fernández Artime]] * [[Augustino Marchetto]] * [[Didacus Rafael Padrón Sánchez]] === Consistorium diei 7 Decembris 2024 === * [[Angelus Acerbi]] * [[Carolus Gustavus Castello Mattasoglio]] * [[Vincentius Bocalic Iglich]] * [[Ludovicus Gerardus Cabrera Herrera]] * [[Ferdinandus Natalius Chomali Garib]] * [[Tarcisius Isao Kikuchi]] * [[Paulus Virgilius Siongko David]] * [[Ladislaus Németh]] * [[Iacobus Spengler]] * [[Ignatius Bessy Dogbo]] * [[Ioannes Paulus Vesco]] * [[Dominicus Iosephus Mathieu]] * [[Robertus Repole]] * [[Balthasar Reina]] * [[Franciscus Leo]] * [[Rolandus Makrickas]] * [[Nicolaus Bychok]] * [[Timotheus Radcliffe]] * [[Fabius Baggio]] * [[Georgius Iacobus Kuwakad]] * [[Dominicus Battaglia]] == Cardinales electores == * [[Index cardinalium viventium qui papam eligere possunt|Indicem cardinalium viventium qui papam eligere possunt]] == Nexus externi == * [http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/scardc3.html Cardinales qui Papam eligere possunt] {{Ling| Anglice}} * [http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/scardb3.html Cardinales qui Papam eligere non possunt] {{Ling| Anglice}} == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Ecclesia Catholica|!]] [[Categoria:Indices hominum]] qby2h4fknq9zw3os9hxy079no89mz1g 3965668 3965667 2026-06-19T19:23:17Z Император 4187 3965668 wikitext text/x-wiki Hoc est [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]] '''[[cardinalis |cardinalium]] viventium''' index. Hic index sodales vivos [[Collegium Cardinalium|Collegii Cardinalium]] exhibet. Nunc (a die {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} usque ad diem [[18 Iulii]] [[2026]]), Collegium Cardinalium constat ex 241 cardinalibus ex 92 nationibus, quorum 121 aetatem 80 annorum attigerunt, quod significat eos non idoneos esse ad [[Conclave]] participandum. Sunt 121 cardinales electores ex 66 civitatibus. Collegium comprehendit cardinales nominatos ab: * 38 a Papa [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioanne Paulo II]]; * 58 a Papa [[Benedictus XVI|Benedicto XVI]]; * 145 a Papa [[Franciscus (papa)|Francisco]]. Index secundum ordinationem cardinalium ordine chronologico ordinatur. Cardinalis natu maximus est Cardinalis Italicus [[Angelus Acerbi]], annos natus 100; minimus natu est Cardinalis Ucrainicus-Australianus [[Nicolaus Byčok]], annos natus 45. == Cardinales a Ioanne Paulo II == === Consistorium diei 2 februarii 1983 === * [[Michael Michai Kitbunchu]] === Consistorium diei 25 maii 1985 === * [[Franciscus Arinze]] * [[Paulus Iosephus Ioannes Poupard]] * [[Fridericus Wetter]] === Consistorium diei 28 iunii 1991 === * [[Nicolaus Iesus López Rodríguez]] * [[Rogerius Michael Mahony]] === Consistorium die 26 mensis Novembris anno 1994 === * [[Iulius Riyadi Darmaatmadja]] * [[Emmanuel Wamala]] * [[Adam Iosephus Maida]] * [[Vinko Puljić]] * [[Ioannes Sandoval Íñiguez]] === Consistorium diei 21 mensis Februarii anno 1998 === * [[Iacobus Franciscus Stafford]] * [[Salvator De Giorgi]] * [[Antonius María Rouco Varela]] * [[Christophorus Schönborn]] * [[Norbertus Rivera Carrera]] * [[Ioannes Pujats]] === Consistorium diei 21 Februarii 2001 === * [[Ioannes Baptista Re]] * [[Iosephus Saraiva Martins]] * [[Crescentius Sepe]] * [[Gualtherius Kasper]] * [[Audrys Juozas Backis]] * [[Franciscus Xavierius Errázuriz Ossa]] * [[Vilfridus Fox Napier]] * [[Anscharius Andreas Rodríguez Maradiaga]] * [[Ioannes Ludovicus Cipriani Thorne]] === Consistorium diei 21 Octobris 2003 === * [[Iulianus Herranz Casado]] * [[Angelus Scola]] * [[Antonius Olubunmi Okogie]] * [[Gabriel Zubeir Wako]] * [[Iustinus Franciscus Rigali]] * [[Ennius Antonelli]] * [[Tarsicius Bertone]] * [[Petrus Kodwo Appiah Turkson]] * [[Iosephus Bozanić]] * [[Philippus Barbarin]] * [[Petrus Erdő]] * [[Marcus Ouellet]] == Cardinales a Benedicto XVI == === Consistorium diei 24 martii 2006 === * [[Francus Rodé]] * [[Augustinus Vallini]] * [[Gaudentius Rosales]] * [[Ioannes Petrus Ricard]] * [[Antonius Cañizares Llovera]] * [[Ioannes Patricius O'Malley]] * [[Stanislaus Dziwisz]] * [[Iosephus Zen Ze-kiun]] === Consistorium die 24 mensis Novembris anno 2007 === * [[Leonardus Sandri]] * [[Ioannes Lajolo]] * [[Angelus Comastri]] * [[Stanislaus Rylko]] * [[Raphael Farina]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Brady]] * [[Ludovicus Martínez Sistach]] * [[Angelus Bagnasco]] * [[Theodorus Hadrianus Sarr]] * [[Osvaldus Gracias]] * [[Franciscus Robles Ortega]] * [[Daniel Nicolaus DiNardo]] * [[Odilo Petrus Scherer]] * [[Ioannes Njue]] === Consistorium die 20 mensis Novembris anno 2010 === * [[Robertus Sarah]] * [[Franciscus Monterisi]] * [[Raimundus Leo Burke]] * [[Curtius Koch]] * [[Maurus Piacenza]] * [[Ioannes Franciscus Ravasi]] * [[Paulus Romeo]] * [[Donaldus Gulielmus Wuerl]] * [[Raimundus Damascenus Assis]] * [[Casimirus Nycz]] * [[Albertus Milcolumbus Ranjith]] * [[Reinhardus Marx]] * [[Gualterius Brandmüller]] === Consistorium diei 18 februarii 18 2012 === * [[Ferdinandus Filoni]] * [[Manuel Monteiro de Castro]] * [[Santos Abril y Castelló]] * [[Antonius Maria Vegliò]] * [[Iosephus Bertello]] * [[Franciscus Coccopalmerio]] * [[Ioannes Blasius de Aviz]] * [[Edvinus Fridericus O’Brien]] * [[Dominicus Calcagno]] * [[Iosephus Versaldi]] * [[Georgius Alencherry]] * [[Thomas Christopher Collins|Thomas Christophorus Collins]] * [[Gulielmus Iacobus Eijk]] * [[Iosephus Betori]] * [[Timotheus Dolan]] * [[Rainerius Maria Woelki]] * [[Ioannes Tong Hon]] === Consistorium, die 24 mensis Novembris anno 2012 === * [[Iacobus Michael Harvey]] * [[Béchara Petrus Raï]] * [[Isaac Cleemis Thottunkal]] * [[Ioannes Olorunfemi Onaiyekan]] * [[Ruben Salazar Gómez]] * [[Aloysius Antonius Tagle]] == Cardinales a Francisco Papa designati == === Consistorium diei 22 februarii 2014 === * [[Petrus Parolin]] * [[Laurentius Baldisseri]] * [[Gerardus Ludovicus Müller]] * [[Beniaminus Stella]] * [[Vincentius Nichols]] * [[Leopoldus Iosephus Brenes Solórzano]] * [[Geraldus Cyprianus Lacroix]] * [[Ioannes Petrus Kutwa]] * [[Oranus Ioannes Tempesta]] * [[Gualtherius Bassetti]] * [[Marius Aurelius Poli]] * [[Andreas Yeom Soo-jung]] * [[Ricardus Ezzati Andrello]] * [[Philippus Ouédraogo]] * [[Orlandus Quevedo]] * [[Chibly Langlois]] === Consistorium diei 14 februarii 2015 === * [[Dominicus Mamberti]] * [[Manuel Iosephus Macarius do Nascimento Clemente]] * [[Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel]] * [[Ioannes Atcherley Dew]] * [[Petrus Nguyên Văn Nhon]] * [[Albertus Suárez Inda]] * [[Carolus Maung Bo]] * [[Franciscus Xaverius Kriengsak Kovithavanij]] * [[Franciscus Montenegro]] * [[Daniel Ferdinandus Sturla Berhouet]] * [[Ricardus Blázquez Pérez]] * [[Iosephus Ludovicus Lacunza Maestrojuán]] * [[Arlindo Gomes Furtado]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Paini Mafi]] * [[Ludovicus Hector Villalba]] * [[Iulius Duarte Langa]] === Consistorium die 19 mensis Novembris anno 2016 === * [[Marius Zenari]] * [[Adeodato Nzapalainga]] * [[Carolus Osora Sierra]] * [[Sergius a Rocha]] * [[Blasius Iosephus Cupich]] * [[Patricius D’Rozario]] * [[Balthasar Henricus Porras Cardozo]] * [[Iosephus de Kesel]] * [[Mauricius Piat]] * [[Coemgenus Iosephus Farrell]] * [[Carolus Aguiar Retes]] * [[Ioannes Ribat]] * [[Iosephus Guilielmus Tobin]] * [[Ernestus Simoni]] === Consistorium diei 28 iunii 2017 === * [[Ioannes Zerbo]] * [[Ioannes Iosephus Omella]] * [[Andreas Arborelius]] * [[Ludovicus-Maria Ling Mangkhanekhoun]] * [[Gregorius Rosa Chavez]] === Consistorium diei 28 iunii 2018 === * [[Ludovicus Raphaël I Sako]] * [[Aloisius Franciscus Ladaria Ferrer]] * [[Angelus de Donatis]] * [[Ioannes Angelus Becciu]] * [[Conradus Krajewski]] * [[Iosephus Coutts]] * [[Antonius Augustus dos Santos Marto]] * [[Petrus Ricardus Barreto Jimeno]] * [[Desiderius Tsarahazana]] * [[Iosephus Petrocchi]] * [[Thomas Aquinas Manyo Maeda]] * [[Toribius Ticona Porco]] * [[Aquilinus Bocos Merino]] === Consistorium diei 5 octobris 2019 === * [[Iosephus Tolentino de Mendonça]] * [[Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo]] * [[Ioannes de la Caridad García Rodríguez]] * [[Fridolinus Ambongo Besungu]] * [[Ioannes Claudius Hollerich]] * [[Alvarus Leonellus Ramazzini Imeri]] * [[Matthaeus Maria Zuppi]] * [[Christophorus López Romero]] * [[Michael Czerny]] * [[Michael Ludovicus Fitzgerald]] * [[Sigitas Tamkevičius]] === Consistorium die 28 mensis Novembris anno 2020 === * [[Marius Grech]] * [[Marcellus Semeraro]] * [[Antonius Kambanda]] * [[Wilton Daniel Gregory]] * [[Iosephus Fuerte Advincula]] * [[Celestinus Aós Braco]] * [[Augustus Paulus Lojudice]] * [[Maurus Gambetti]] * [[Philippus Arizmendi Esquivel]] * [[Silvanous Maria Tomasi]] * [[Rainerus Cantalamessa]] * [[Henricus Feroci]] === Consistorium diei 27 Augusti 2022 === * [[Arthurus Roche]] * [[Lazarus You Heung-sik]] * [[Ferdinandus Vérgez Alzaga]] * [[Ioannes-Marcus Avelin]] * [[Petrus Ebere Okpaleke]] * [[Leonardus Ulricus Steiner]] * [[Philippus Neri Antonius Sebastianus do Rosário Ferran]] * [[Robertus Gualterius McElroy]] * [[Virgilius do Carmo da Silva]] * [[Anscharius Cantoni]] * [[Antonius Pula]] * [[Paulus Ceasar Costa]] * [[Gulielmus Goh Seng Chye]] * [[Adalbertus Martínez Flores]] * [[Georgius Marengo]] * [[Georgius Henricus Jiménez Carvajal]] * [[Henricus Miglio]] * [[Ioannes Franciscus Ghirlanda]] * [[Fortunatus Frezza]] === Consistorium Septembris 30, 2023 === * [[Claudius Gugerotti]] * [[Victorius Emmanuel Fernández]] * [[Christophorus Petrus]] * [[Petrus Baptista Pizzaballa]] * [[Stephanus Brizlin]] * [[Angelus Sixtus Rossi]] * [[Ludovicus Iosephus Rueda Aparicio]] * [[Gregorius Ryś]] * [[Stephanus Ameyu Martin Mulla]] * [[Iosephus Kobo Cano]] * [[Protasius Rugambwa]] * [[Sebastianus Francis]] * [[Stephanus Chow Sau-yan]] * [[Franciscus-Xaverius Bustillo]] * [[Americus Emmanuel Alviz Aguiar]] * [[Angelus Fernández Artime]] * [[Augustino Marchetto]] * [[Didacus Rafael Padrón Sánchez]] === Consistorium diei 7 Decembris 2024 === * [[Angelus Acerbi]] * [[Carolus Gustavus Castello Mattasoglio]] * [[Vincentius Bocalic Iglich]] * [[Ludovicus Gerardus Cabrera Herrera]] * [[Ferdinandus Natalius Chomali Garib]] * [[Tarcisius Isao Kikuchi]] * [[Paulus Virgilius Siongko David]] * [[Ladislaus Németh]] * [[Iacobus Spengler]] * [[Ignatius Bessy Dogbo]] * [[Ioannes Paulus Vesco]] * [[Dominicus Iosephus Mathieu]] * [[Robertus Repole]] * [[Balthasar Reina]] * [[Franciscus Leo]] * [[Rolandus Makrickas]] * [[Nicolaus Bychok]] * [[Timotheus Radcliffe]] * [[Fabius Baggio]] * [[Georgius Iacobus Kuwakad]] * [[Dominicus Battaglia]] == Cardinales electores == * [[Index cardinalium viventium qui papam eligere possunt|Indicem cardinalium viventium qui papam eligere possunt]] == Nexus externi == * [http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/scardc3.html Cardinales qui Papam eligere possunt] {{Ling| Anglice}} * [http://catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/scardb3.html Cardinales qui Papam eligere non possunt] {{Ling| Anglice}} == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Ecclesia Catholica|!]] [[Categoria:Indices hominum]] e2x4nwweyw9aq2jnwvzzisqphuj72xv 0 249538 3965720 3725299 2026-06-20T07:25:17Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Rabastens''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 5'187 incolarum (anno [[2012]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Tarnis (praefectura Franciae)|Tarnis]] in regione [[Meridianum et Pyrenaei|Meridiano et Pyrenaeis]] (a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Occitania Ruscino Meridianum et Pyrenaei|Occitania Ruscinone Meridiano et Pyrenaeis]]). [[Vinum Galliacense]] in regione circumiacente nascitur olimque sub nomine Rabastens celebrabatur. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Tarnis]] == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus:81 - Rabastens vu de Coufouleux.jpg|thumb|250 px|Rabastens: despectus in vicum]] {{CommuniaCat|Rabastens|Rabastens}} * {{INSEE commune|81220|de=Rabastens}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=28524 De hoc commune apud cassini.ehess.fr] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160527160954/http://www.mairie-rabastens-tarn.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Tarnis]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Tarnis]] [[Categoria:Emporia vinaria Franciae]] rddjrmq2peqvpv9h8l0as99smd2h0xg 0 258618 3965636 3965592 2026-06-19T16:11:32Z Johnsoniensis 65686 seeger 3965636 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Peggy Seeger Salford 2011.jpg|thumb|Peggy Seeger]] [[File:Ewan MacColl 1981-1982 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ewan MacColl]] '''Ewan MacColl''' (natus ''James Henry Miller'' [[Broughton, Salfordia|Broughton]] in urbe [[Salfordia]]e<!--county borough--> [[Lancastriensis comitatus|Lancastriensis Comitatus]] die [[25 Ianuarii]] [[1915]]; mortuus [[Bromptonia]]e [[Londinium|Londinii]] die [[22 Octobris]] [[1989]]) fuit [[cantor vulgaris]], [[compositor carminum]], [[communismus|communista]], [[activista laboris]], [[histrio]], [[poeta]], [[ludus scaenicus|scriptor scaenicus]], et [[productor discographicus]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]]. Ter uxorem duxit: [[Ioanna Littlewood|Ioannam Littlewood]], directricem theatricam; Ioannam Newlove, quae ei duos liberos peperit, ex quibus una est [[Kirsty MacColl]], [[cantrix]] et [[compositor]] [[carmen|carminum]]; ac [[Peggy Seeger]] (Margaritam Seeger), cantricem vulgarem [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanam]], filiam Ruth Crawford et Caroli Seeger, quae ei peperit tres liberos, Kitty, Calum, et Neill. Cum Littlewood in [[theatrum|theatro]], Seeger in [[musica vulgaris|musica vulgari]] collaboravit. ==Bibliographia== *Goorney, Howard, et Ewan MacColl. [[1986]]. ''Agit-Prop to Theatre Workshop, Political Playscripts, 1930–1950.'' Mancuniae: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719022118. *Grosvenor Myer, Michael. [[1972]]. The Radio Ballads Revisited. ''Folk Review Magazine,'' September. *Harker, Ben. [[2007]] ''Class Act: The Cultural and Political Life of Ewan MacColl.'' Londinii: Pluto Press. ISBN 9780745321653.<!-- (chapters: 1. Lower Broughton—2. Red Haze—3. Welcome, Comrade—4. Browned Off—5. A Richer, Fuller Life—6. Towards a People's Culture—7. Croydon, Soho, Moscow, Paris—8. Bard of Beckenham—9. Let a Hundred Flowers Blossom—10. Sanctuary—11. Endgame)--> *Littlewood, Joan. [[1994]]. ''Joan's Book: Joan Littlewood's Peculiar History as She Tells It.'' Londinii: Methuen. ISBN 0413773183.<!--http://copac.ac.uk/wzgw? id=090415d0d5302b304eff4899aaa0ea2bcd79b9&rsn=24&esn=F&f=u&rn=8 Joan's Book reissued--> *MacColl, Ewan. [[1963]]. ''Ewan MacColl–Peggy Seeger Songbook.'' Novi Eboraci: Oak Publications. *MacColl, Ewan. [[1990]]. ''Journeyman: An Autobiography.'' Praefatio Peggy Seeger. Londinii: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0283060360. *MacColl, Ewan. [[1998]]. ''The Essential Ewan MacColl Songbook: Sixty Years of Songmaking,'' ed. Peggy Seeger. Novi Eboraci: Oak Publications. *O'Brien, Karen. [[2004]]. ''Kirsty MacColl, The One and Only: The Definitive Biography.'' Londinii: Andre Deutsch. ISBN 0233000704. *Pegg, Carole A. [[1999]]. British Traditional and Folk Musics. ''British Journal of Ethnomusicology'' 7:193–198. *Samuel, Raphael, Ewan MacColl, et Stuart Cosgrove. [[1985]]/ ''Theatres of the Left, 1880–1935: Workers' Theatre Movements in Britain and America.'' Londinii: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0710009011 *Vacca, Giovanni, et Allan F. Moore. [[2014]]. ''Legacies of Ewan MacColl: The Last Interview.'' Farnham: Ashgate. ISBN 9781409424314.<!-- ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div>--> ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.ewanmaccoll.co.uk Situs proprius.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210814142036/http://www.wcml.org.uk/contents/activists/ewan-maccoll/ Ewan MacColl 1915–1989: A Political Journey.] ''Working Class Movement Library. *[http://ewan-maccoll.info/JohnRossList.aspx Discographia Ewan MacColl et Peggy Seeger.] *Farber, Jim. [[2015]]. [http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/29/arts/music/ewan-maccoll-dogmatist-of-british-folk-gets-a-tribute-album.html?_r=0 Ewan MacColl, dogmatist of British folk, gets a tribute album.] ''New York Times,'' 28 October. {{DEFAULTSORT:Maccoll, Ewan}} [[Categoria:Nati 1915]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1989]] [[Categoria:Agitatores]] [[Categoria:Autobiographi]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Communismus]] [[Categoria:Familia Seegerana]] [[Categoria:Incolae Angliae]] [[Categoria:Musica]]<!--melius:M. vulgaris--> [[Categoria:Praemium Grammy]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores scaenici]]<!-- [[Category:British male singers]] [[Category:British folk musicians]] [[Category:British record producers]] [[Category:Tradition Records artists]] [[Category:Communist Party of Great Britain members]] [[Category:English people of Scottish descent]] [[Category:People from Broughton, Greater Manchester]] [[Category:Prix Italia winners]] [[Category:20th-century British dramatists and playwrights]] [[Category:20th-century British singers]] [[Category:Political music]]--> nfjikmpu4p9d0tsge6sg6kc1du3j2dr 3965638 3965636 2026-06-19T16:15:39Z Johnsoniensis 65686 more seegers 3965638 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Peggy Seeger Salford 2011.jpg|thumb|Peggy Seeger]] [[File:Ewan MacColl 1981-1982 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ewan MacColl]] '''Ewan MacColl''' (natus ''James Henry Miller'' [[Broughton, Salfordia|Broughton]] in urbe [[Salfordia]]e<!--county borough--> [[Lancastriensis comitatus|Lancastriensis Comitatus]] die [[25 Ianuarii]] [[1915]]; mortuus [[Bromptonia]]e [[Londinium|Londinii]] die [[22 Octobris]] [[1989]]) fuit [[cantor vulgaris]], [[compositor carminum]], [[communismus|communista]], [[activista laboris]], [[histrio]], [[poeta]], [[ludus scaenicus|scriptor scaenicus]], et [[productor discographicus]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]]. Ter uxorem duxit: [[Ioanna Littlewood|Ioannam Littlewood]], directricem theatricam; Ioannam Newlove, quae ei duos liberos peperit, ex quibus una est [[Kirsty MacColl]], [[cantrix]] et [[compositor]] [[carmen|carminum]]; ac [[Peggy Seeger]] (Margaritam Seeger), cantricem vulgarem [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanam]], filiam [[Ruth Crawford Seeger|Ruth Crawford]] et [[Carolus Seeger|Caroli Seeger]], quae ei peperit tres liberos, Kitty, Calum, et Neill. Cum Littlewood in [[theatrum|theatro]], Seeger in [[musica vulgaris|musica vulgari]] collaboravit. ==Bibliographia== *Goorney, Howard, et Ewan MacColl. [[1986]]. ''Agit-Prop to Theatre Workshop, Political Playscripts, 1930–1950.'' Mancuniae: Manchester University Press. ISBN 0719022118. *Grosvenor Myer, Michael. [[1972]]. The Radio Ballads Revisited. ''Folk Review Magazine,'' September. *Harker, Ben. [[2007]] ''Class Act: The Cultural and Political Life of Ewan MacColl.'' Londinii: Pluto Press. ISBN 9780745321653.<!-- (chapters: 1. Lower Broughton—2. Red Haze—3. Welcome, Comrade—4. Browned Off—5. A Richer, Fuller Life—6. Towards a People's Culture—7. Croydon, Soho, Moscow, Paris—8. Bard of Beckenham—9. Let a Hundred Flowers Blossom—10. Sanctuary—11. Endgame)--> *Littlewood, Joan. [[1994]]. ''Joan's Book: Joan Littlewood's Peculiar History as She Tells It.'' Londinii: Methuen. ISBN 0413773183.<!--http://copac.ac.uk/wzgw? id=090415d0d5302b304eff4899aaa0ea2bcd79b9&rsn=24&esn=F&f=u&rn=8 Joan's Book reissued--> *MacColl, Ewan. [[1963]]. ''Ewan MacColl–Peggy Seeger Songbook.'' Novi Eboraci: Oak Publications. *MacColl, Ewan. [[1990]]. ''Journeyman: An Autobiography.'' Praefatio Peggy Seeger. Londinii: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 0283060360. *MacColl, Ewan. [[1998]]. ''The Essential Ewan MacColl Songbook: Sixty Years of Songmaking,'' ed. Peggy Seeger. Novi Eboraci: Oak Publications. *O'Brien, Karen. [[2004]]. ''Kirsty MacColl, The One and Only: The Definitive Biography.'' Londinii: Andre Deutsch. ISBN 0233000704. *Pegg, Carole A. [[1999]]. British Traditional and Folk Musics. ''British Journal of Ethnomusicology'' 7:193–198. *Samuel, Raphael, Ewan MacColl, et Stuart Cosgrove. [[1985]]/ ''Theatres of the Left, 1880–1935: Workers' Theatre Movements in Britain and America.'' Londinii: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0710009011 *Vacca, Giovanni, et Allan F. Moore. [[2014]]. ''Legacies of Ewan MacColl: The Last Interview.'' Farnham: Ashgate. ISBN 9781409424314.<!-- ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div>--> ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.ewanmaccoll.co.uk Situs proprius.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20210814142036/http://www.wcml.org.uk/contents/activists/ewan-maccoll/ Ewan MacColl 1915–1989: A Political Journey.] ''Working Class Movement Library. *[http://ewan-maccoll.info/JohnRossList.aspx Discographia Ewan MacColl et Peggy Seeger.] *Farber, Jim. [[2015]]. [http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/29/arts/music/ewan-maccoll-dogmatist-of-british-folk-gets-a-tribute-album.html?_r=0 Ewan MacColl, dogmatist of British folk, gets a tribute album.] ''New York Times,'' 28 October. {{DEFAULTSORT:Maccoll, Ewan}} [[Categoria:Nati 1915]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1989]] [[Categoria:Agitatores]] [[Categoria:Autobiographi]] [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Communismus]] [[Categoria:Familia Seegerana]] [[Categoria:Incolae Angliae]] [[Categoria:Musica]]<!--melius:M. vulgaris--> [[Categoria:Praemium Grammy]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Angliae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores scaenici]]<!-- [[Category:British male singers]] [[Category:British folk musicians]] [[Category:British record producers]] [[Category:Tradition Records artists]] [[Category:Communist Party of Great Britain members]] [[Category:English people of Scottish descent]] [[Category:People from Broughton, Greater Manchester]] [[Category:Prix Italia winners]] [[Category:20th-century British dramatists and playwrights]] [[Category:20th-century British singers]] [[Category:Political music]]--> 7r58jgfdju7keo7g4d8wz1m1lyl4a7b 0 264648 3965715 3725195 2026-06-20T05:40:20Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965715 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Carracci-Purgatory.jpg|thumb|[[Caelum (religio)|Caelum]] et purgatorium [[ignis|igneum]]. [[Pictura]] [[Hannibal Carracci|Hannibalis Carracci]].]] [[Fasciculus:Dante03.jpg|thumb|Dante purgatorium ([[mons|montem]] pictum) intuitur. [[Liber]] quem tenet est exemplar [[Divina Comoedia|Divinae Comoediae]], ad cantum XXV ex Paradiso apertum. [[Pictura]] [[saeculum 16|saeculi sexti decimi]].]] '''Purgatorium''' in [[theologia]] [[Christianitas|Christiana]] est [[status intermedius]] [[vita post mortem|post mortem]] [[corpus|corpoream]], ubi nonnulli homines ad [[caelum (religio)|caelum]] destinati primum "post suam mortem patiuntur [[purificatio]]nem, ut [[sanctitas|sanctitatem]] acquirant necessariam ad caeli gaudium ingrediendum."<ref>''[[Catechismus Catholicae Ecclesiae]]'' [http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism_lt/p123a12_lt.htm#III.%20Finalis%20purificatio%20seu%20purgatorium 1030: "Finalis purificatio seu purgatorium"].</ref> Solum qui in [[status (theologia)|statu gratiae]] moriantur sed poenam [[tempus|temporalem]] ob eorum [[peccatum|peccata]] nondum expleverint in purgatorio esse possunt, et ergo nemo in purgatorio in illo statu semper manebit, nec ad [[inferi|inferos]] ibit. {{NexInt}} {{div col|3}} *[[Anima Sola]] *[[Araf (Islam)|Araf]] *[[Commemoratio Omnium Fidelium Defunctorum]] *[[Eschatologia]]<!--melius: E. Christiana--> *[[Expiatio]] *[[Gehenna|Gehinnom]] *[[Historia purgatorii]] *[[Indulgentia]] *[[Limbo]] *[[Olam Haba]] *[[Paradisus]] *[[Peccatum]]<!--P. veniale--> *[[Probatio futura]] *[[Psychopompus]] *[[Purgatorio|Purgatorium Dantis]] *[[Refrigerium]] *[[Sheol]] *[[Somnus animae]]<!--soul sleep--> *[[Vita post mortem]]<!-- *[[Bosom of Abraham]] *[[Garden of Eden#In Jewish eschatology|Garden in Eden]] *[[Spirit world (Latter Day Saints)]] *[[Spirits in prison]] *[[St Patrick's Purgatory]] *[[Christian views on hell]] *[[Christian views on Hades]]--> {{div col end}} ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Bredero, Adriaan H. [[1983]]. Le Moyen Âge et le purgatoire. ''Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique'' 78:429–452. *Koch, Ernst. [[1983]]. Fegfeuer. In ''Theologische Realenzyklopädie'' 11:69–78. *Le Goff, Jacques. [[1982]], [[2006]]. ''La nascita del purgatorio.'' Turini: Einaudi. ISBN 9788806183875 *Le Goff, Jacques. [[1984]]. ''Die Geburt des Fegefeuers.'' Stuttgardiae: Klett-Cotta. ISBN 3608930086. *Le Goff, Jacques. [[1986]] ''The Birth of Purgatory.'' Conv. Arthur Goldhammer. Sicagi: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0859678652. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Purgatory|purgatorium}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141104205818/http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/controversy/theological-disputes/is-purgatory-in-the-bible.html Is Purgatory in the Bible?] Internet Archive. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716122636/http://www.churchfathers.org/category/salvation/purgatory/ Patres ecclesiae de purgatorio.] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20241107115142/http://paintedchurch.org/chaldon.htm Pictura Anglica.]<!--English c. 1200 wall painting with an image of a ladder, reminiscent of icons such as the ''[[Ladder of Divine Ascent (icon)|Ladder of Divine Ascent]]'', interpreted as a "purgatorial ladder"--> *Quran Inspector. [http://submission.org/QI#7 "Chapter 7: 'The Purgatory (Al-A'araf)' (سورة الأعراف).'"] submission.org *[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/483923/purgatory Purgatory.] ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online.'' 2009. [[Categoria:Religio Christiana]]<!--C. and death--> [[Categoria:Eschatologia]]<!--E. Christiana--> [[Categoria:Mors]]<!--C. and death--> [[Categoria:Termini Christiani]] [[Categoria:Theologia]]<!--Catholic theology and doctrine--> [[Categoria:Vita post mortem]]<!--en:Afterlife places--> buq1lr5wsid9668cimvlptb5mg6yctu 0 267244 3965683 3818409 2026-06-19T23:00:24Z Jondel 452 3965683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Alanus Petrus Cayetano''', vulgo plene ''Alan Peter Schramm Cayetano'' (in oppido [[Taguig]] natus die [[28 Octobris]] [[1970]]) est politicus [[Philippinae|Philippinarum]]. Alumnus [[universitas Philippinarum|universitatis Philippinarum]] et scholae iuridicae [[Athenaeum Manilense|Athenaei Manilensis]], Cayetano e familia politicorum ortus est, patre senatore, sorore natu maiore olim senatrice hodieque legata populi; uxor etenim praefecta urbi natali meret. Ipse legatus populi a die [[30 Iunii]] [[1998]], deinde senator est a die [[30 Iunii]] [[2007]]. Dux minoritatis senatoriae die [[26 Iulii]] [[2010]] atque dux maioritatis die [[23 Iulii]] [[2013]] factus est. Candidatus est ad officium praesidis vicarii anno [[2016]], malo successu, collegá nihilominus [[Rodericus Duterte|Roderico Duterte]], qui officium praesidis petiverat, victore. A quo die [[10 Maii]] [[2017]] Cayetano ad munus secretarii rerum externarum convocatus est, loco ad interim tento a [[Perfectus Yasay|Perfecto Yasay]] et [[Henricus Manalo|Henrico Manalo]]. Abdicavit ut secretarius rerum externarum die [[17 Octobris]] et substitutus est a Teodoro Locsin.<ref>{{Cite news |work=Rappler|url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/213905-alan-cayetano-resigning-salvador-panelo-press-secretary/ |title=Cayetano resigning as foreign secretary – Duterte |access-date=October 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014091544/https://www.rappler.com/nation/213905-alan-cayetano-resigning-salvador-panelo-press-secretary |archive-date=October 14, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Bibliographia == * Rome Jorge, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090703072500/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2009/april/12/yehey/weekend/20090412week1.html Sen. Pia Cayetano: the independent]" in ''Sunday Times'' (Manila) (12 Aprilis 2009) [de sorore et familia] == Nexus externi == * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130313221810/http://www.senate.gov.ph:80/senators/sen_bio/cayetano_alanpeter_resume.asp Senator Alan Peter "Compañero" S. Cayetano]" pagina olim a senatu Philippinarum divulgata * Eimor P. Santos, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170513085530/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/10/Duterte-appoints-Alan-Cayetano-DFA.html Duterte appoints Cayetano as DFA chief]" (10 Maii 2017) apud ''CNN Philippines'' {{Secretarii rerum externarum Philippinenses}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cayetano, Alanus Petrus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1970]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Politici Philippinarum]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Philippinarum]] [[Categoria:Alumni Athenaei Manilensis]] c63g17fw8exx5joc90eezaz69xd5gcp 3965684 3965683 2026-06-19T23:02:23Z Jondel 452 3965684 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Alanus Petrus Cayetano''', vulgo plene ''Alan Peter Schramm Cayetano'' (in oppido [[Taguig]] natus die [[28 Octobris]] [[1970]]) est politicus [[Philippinae|Philippinarum]]. Alumnus [[universitas Philippinarum|universitatis Philippinarum]] et scholae iuridicae [[Athenaeum Manilense|Athenaei Manilensis]], Cayetano e familia politicorum ortus est, patre senatore, sorore natu maiore olim senatrice hodieque legata populi; uxor etenim praefecta urbi natali meret. Ipse legatus populi a die [[30 Iunii]] [[1998]], deinde senator est a die [[30 Iunii]] [[2007]]. Dux minoritatis senatoriae die [[26 Iulii]] [[2010]] atque dux maioritatis die [[23 Iulii]] [[2013]] factus est. Candidatus est ad officium praesidis vicarii anno [[2016]], malo successu, collegá nihilominus [[Rodericus Duterte|Roderico Duterte]], qui officium praesidis petiverat, victore. A quo die [[10 Maii]] [[2017]] Cayetano ad munus secretarii rerum externarum convocatus est, loco ad interim tento a [[Perfectus Yasay|Perfecto Yasay]] et [[Henricus Manalo|Henrico Manalo]]. Abdicavit ut secretarius rerum externarum die [[17 Octobris]] et substitutus est a Teodoro Locsin.<ref>{{Cite news |work=Rappler|url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/213905-alan-cayetano-resigning-salvador-panelo-press-secretary/ |title=Cayetano resigning as foreign secretary – Duterte |access-date=October 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014091544/https://www.rappler.com/nation/213905-alan-cayetano-resigning-salvador-panelo-press-secretary|Abdicans ut secretarius rerum externarum |archive-date=October 14, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Bibliographia == * Rome Jorge, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090703072500/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2009/april/12/yehey/weekend/20090412week1.html Sen. Pia Cayetano: the independent]" in ''Sunday Times'' (Manila) (12 Aprilis 2009) [de sorore et familia] == Nexus externi == * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130313221810/http://www.senate.gov.ph:80/senators/sen_bio/cayetano_alanpeter_resume.asp Senator Alan Peter "Compañero" S. Cayetano]" pagina olim a senatu Philippinarum divulgata * Eimor P. Santos, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170513085530/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/10/Duterte-appoints-Alan-Cayetano-DFA.html Duterte appoints Cayetano as DFA chief]" (10 Maii 2017) apud ''CNN Philippines'' {{Secretarii rerum externarum Philippinenses}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cayetano, Alanus Petrus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1970]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Politici Philippinarum]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Philippinarum]] [[Categoria:Alumni Athenaei Manilensis]] s6al7v028yr8rpju04tv8bprtiyfp6i 3965685 3965684 2026-06-19T23:05:15Z Jondel 452 3965685 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Alanus Petrus Cayetano''', vulgo plene ''Alan Peter Schramm Cayetano'' (in oppido [[Taguig]] natus die [[28 Octobris]] [[1970]]) est politicus [[Philippinae|Philippinarum]]. Alumnus [[universitas Philippinarum|universitatis Philippinarum]] et scholae iuridicae [[Athenaeum Manilense|Athenaei Manilensis]], Cayetano e familia politicorum ortus est, patre senatore, sorore natu maiore olim senatrice hodieque legata populi; uxor etenim praefecta urbi natali meret. Ipse legatus populi a die [[30 Iunii]] [[1998]], deinde senator est a die [[30 Iunii]] [[2007]]. Dux minoritatis senatoriae die [[26 Iulii]] [[2010]] atque dux maioritatis die [[23 Iulii]] [[2013]] factus est. Candidatus est ad officium praesidis vicarii anno [[2016]], malo successu, collegá nihilominus [[Rodericus Duterte|Roderico Duterte]], qui officium praesidis petiverat, victore. A quo die [[10 Maii]] [[2017]] Cayetano ad munus secretarii rerum externarum convocatus est, loco ad interim tento a [[Perfectus Yasay|Perfecto Yasay]] et [[Henricus Manalo|Henrico Manalo]]. Abdicavit ut secretarius rerum externarum die [[17 Octobris]] et substitutus est a Teodoro Locsin.<ref>{{Cite news |work=Rappler|url=https://www.rappler.com/philippines/213905-alan-cayetano-resigning-salvador-panelo-press-secretary/ |title=Abdicans ut secretarius rerum externarum – Duterte |access-date=October 14, 2018 |archive-date=October 14, 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Bibliographia == * Rome Jorge, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090703072500/http://www.manilatimes.net/national/2009/april/12/yehey/weekend/20090412week1.html Sen. Pia Cayetano: the independent]" in ''Sunday Times'' (Manila) (12 Aprilis 2009) [de sorore et familia] == Nexus externi == * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130313221810/http://www.senate.gov.ph:80/senators/sen_bio/cayetano_alanpeter_resume.asp Senator Alan Peter "Compañero" S. Cayetano]" pagina olim a senatu Philippinarum divulgata * Eimor P. Santos, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170513085530/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2017/05/10/Duterte-appoints-Alan-Cayetano-DFA.html Duterte appoints Cayetano as DFA chief]" (10 Maii 2017) apud ''CNN Philippines'' {{Secretarii rerum externarum Philippinenses}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cayetano, Alanus Petrus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1970]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Politici Philippinarum]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Philippinarum]] [[Categoria:Alumni Athenaei Manilensis]] qw13wmh1q7yigsj44t36ri2xpm9l9my 0 267739 3965723 3278459 2026-06-20T07:30:43Z Surajr7 208394 3965723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina non annexa}} [[Fasciculus:J. W. Waterhouse - Circe Invidiosa - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Circe ex patera venenum effundit.]] '''''Circe invidiosa''''' est pictura eventum [[mythologia|mythologicum]] repraesentans, quam [[Iohannes Gulielmus Waterhouse|John William Waterhouse]] ([[1849]]-[[1917]]), pictor [[Fratres Praeraphaelitae|Praeraphaelita]] [[Britannia|Britannicus]], anno [[1892]] in [[Royal Academy of Arts]] exhibuit. Iam anno priore [[Circe]]n veneficam exhibuerat tabulà, ''[[Circe calycem offerens|Circe Ulixi phialam offerens]]'', cuius argumentum ex [[Homerus|Homeri]] ''[[Odyssea]]'' duxit. At tabulà, de qua hic agitur, [[episodium]] depingitur [[mythus|mythi]], quem [[Ovidius]] de Circae invidiosa erga [[Scylla]]m [[zelotypia]] narrat.<ref>Trippi 2002: 117.</ref> Itaque eventum ab Ovidio relatum iam in temporibus Praehomericis ponendum est. == Mythus == [[Scylla (monstrum marinum)|Scylla]], antequam in monstrum immane navigantibus instans mutatum est, [[nympha]] pulcherrima fuit, cuius amore captus [[Glaucus]] erat, piscator in deum piscatorium transfiguratus. Scyllam tamen "tortilis inguina piscis"<ref>[[Ovidius|Ovid.]] ''[[Metamorphoses (Ovidius)|Met.]]'' 13.915.</ref> videre taedebat, deumque amorem petentem formidans fugae se dedit. Glaucus reiectus a [[Circe]] rogavit philtrum, quo Scyllam ad amorem inliceret. Circe autem amore Glauci capta se praebuit ipsam: “melius sequerere volentem / optantemque eadem parilique cupidine captam."<ref>[[Ovidius|Ovid.]] ''[[Metamorphoses (Ovidius)|Met.]]'' 14.28-29.</ref> At Glaucus Circen talia rogantem verbis protervis sprevit. Itaque Circe natatoriam Scyllae per iram inquinare voluit veneno, quo rivalem suam in monstrum terribile transformaret. == Facinus Circae invidiosae == Waterhouse pictura sua facinus Circae inlustrat, quod [[Ovidius]] in ''[[Metamorphoses (Ovidius)|Metamorphosesi]]'' (14.45-58) enarrat. Nam Circe, caerulea induta velamina, ad "gurgitem", natatoriam Circae, pervenit: :Parvus erat gurges, curvos sinuatus in arcus, :grata quies Scyllae: quo se referebat ab aestu :et maris et caeli, medio cum plurimus orbe :sol erat et minimas a vertice fecerat umbras. :hunc dea praevitiat portentificisque venenis :inquinat; hic pressos latices radice nocenti :spargit et obscurum verborum ambage novorum :ter noviens carmen magico demurmurat ore. Circe apud Waterhouse puella formosa est capillo fusco oculisque nigris. Amictum caeruleum induta est, nudaque parte [[lumbus|lumbi]] subinvitat spectatorem, ut totam nudam esse imaginetur. Vultu destinato ex patera venenum effundit Scyllae natanti nocitura. Scylla sub pedibus Circae iam in monstrum mutari coepta est. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Cumming, Laura, 2009. [https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2009/jul/05/jw-waterhouse-royal-academy Who needs another lurid damsel?] ''The Guardian'' die 5 Iulii. * Hobson, Anthony, 1980. ''The Art and Life of J. W. Waterhouse.'' Studio Vista/Christie's. * Hobson, Anthony. 1989. J. W. Waterhouse. Phaidon Christie's. * Trippi, Peter, 2002. ''J. W. Waterhouse.'' Phaidon Press. * Trumble, Angus. 2002. ''Love and Death in the Age of Queen Victoria.'' Art Gallery of South Australia. * Yarnall, Judith, 1994. ''Transformations of Circe: The History of an Enchantress.'' University of Illinois Press. [[Categoria:Iohannes Gulielmus Waterhouse]] [[Categoria:Mythologia Graeca]] [[Categoria:Mythologia Romana]] [[Categoria:Tabulae pictae]] [[Categoria:Confecta 1892]] [[Categoria:Metamorphoses (Ovidius)]] tfswwcmco8gi9m38t1hzjtefibtdra0 2 269514 3965656 3963729 2026-06-19T17:04:58Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3965656 wikitext text/x-wiki * Vide etiam [[Usor:Andrew Dalby/Fontes 2]] * Vide [[Usor:Andrew Dalby/Fontes Orta et Clusii]] == ante Christum natum == * saec. VII a.C.n. : [[Hesiodus]], ''[[Opera et dies]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.01.0131 Textus] * saec. VII a.C.n. : [[Hesiodus]], ''[[Theogonia]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0129%3Acard%3D453 vv. 453-491] * ante saec. VI a.C.n. : ''[[Liber carminum (Sinae)|Shijing]]'' ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics'' vol. 4 i-ii: ''The first part of the She-king ... The second, third and fourth parts of the She-king''. Hongcongi: Lane, Crawford & Co., 1871 [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics41legg_0 pars i] [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics42legg_0 pars ii] * saec. V a.C.n. : [[Mithaecus]], praecepta (maxima parte deperdita) * saec. V-III a.C.n. : ''[[Ver et autumnus|Chunqiu]]'' ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 5. ''The Ch'un Ts'ew, with the Tso Chuen'' (2 partes. Hongcongi: Lane, Crawford, 1872) [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics51legg i] [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics52legg ii]) * saec. IV a.C.n.? : ''[[Regimen (Hippocrates)|Regimen]]'' e [[Corpus Hippocraticum|corpore Hippocratico]] * saec. IV a.C.n.? : ''[[De regimine acutorum]]'' e [[Corpus Hippocraticum|corpore Hippocratico]] * saec. IV/I a.C.n. : ''[[Carmina regni Chu|Chu ci]]'' (楚辭) * saec. IV a.C.n./III p.C.n. : ''[[Commentarius Zuo|Zuo zhuan]]'' ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 5. ''The Ch'un Ts'ew, with the Tso Chuen'' (2 partes. Hongcongi: Lane, Crawford, 1872) [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics51legg i] [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics52legg ii]) * c. 350 a.C.n. : [[Archestratus]], ''[[Hedypathia]]'' (S. Douglas Olson, Alexander Sens, edd., ''Archestratos of Gela: Greek culture and cuisine in the fourth century BCE'' (Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2000) * ante 322 a.C.n. : {{ec|id=Historia animalium|c= [[Aristoteles]], ''[[Historia animalium]]'' 533a29, 538a14 et alibi }} * c. 310 a.C.n. : {{ec|id=Theophrastus|c=[[Theophrastus]], ''[[Historia plantarum (Theophrastus)|Historia plantarum]]'' 6.6.11, 6.8.1-2 (ed. F. Wimmer [Lutetiae: Didot, 1866] [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6dXhmh761sYC/page/n143/mode/2up pp. 106-108])}} * saec. III a.C.n.? : "Di Yuan" (地員)<ref>[https://ctext.org/guanzi/di-yuan?searchu=其種忍蘟，忍葉如雚葉，以長狐茸，黃莖黑莖黑秀，其粟大，無不宜也。&searchmode=showall#result Textus]</ref> in ''[[Guanzi]]'' * saec. III/I a.C.n. : ''[[Ratiocinantium colloquia|Analecta Confucii]]'' 12.22 ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 1: ''Confucian Analects'' [etc.]. 2a ed. Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1893 [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics01legg/page/260/mode/2up p. 261]) * c. 300 a.C.n. : [[Diphilus Siphnius]], ''De iis quae vescenda bene valentibus et aegris dantur'' (fragmentis servatum) * 299 a.C.n./281 p.C.n. : ''[[Annales bambuseis laciniis scriptae|Zhushu jinian]]'' ("[https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics31legg/page/n129/mode/2up The Annals of the Bamboo Books]" in James Legge, ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 3 i: ''The first part of the Shoo King'' [Hongcongi, 1865] pp. 105-183) * post 289 a.C.n. : ''[[Mencius (liber)|Mencius]]'' 2.B.2.8, 5.A.6.4-5.A.7.9, 5.B.1.2, 6.B.1.6 et alibi ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 2: ''The Works of Mencius''. 2a ed. Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1895 [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics02legg/page/214/mode/2up pp. 214], [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics02legg/page/360/mode/2up 360-364], [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics02legg/page/370/mode/2up 370], [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics02legg/page/432/mode/2up 433] et alibi) * c. 239 a.C.n. : [[Lü Buwei]], ed., ''[[Veres autumnique domini Lü|Lüshi Chunqiu]]'' 14/2.1, 14/3.4 (John Knoblock, Jeffrey Riegel, edd. et interprr., ''The Annals of Lü Buwei'' [Stanfordiae, 2000] pp. 306-311) * saec. III a.C.n. exeunte : ''[[Laocius]]'' [http://www.tao-te-king.org/12.htm 12] * saec. II a.C.n.? : [[Paxamus]], ''De re culinaria ordine alphabetico'' * saec. II a.C.n.? : [[Paxamus]], ''Georgica'' * saec. II a.C.n. : [[Nicander Colophonius]], ''[[Georgica (Nicander)|Georgica]]'' * saec. II a.C.n. ineunte? : ''[[Traditio Zuo|Zuo zhuan]]'' Zhao 9.5, 20.8a (Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li, David Schaberg, interprr., ''Zuo Tradition'' [Seattli: University of Washington Press, 2016] pp. 1448-1451, 1586-1587) * saec. II a.C.n. ineunte : [[Quintus Ennius|Ennius]], ''[[Hedyphagetica]]'' (E. Courtney, ''The fragmentary Latin poets [Oxonii, 1993] Ennius fr. 28) * c. 170 a.C.n./320 p.C.n. : ''[[Liber documentorum|Shujing]]'' (James Legge, ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 3 i-ii: ''The Shoo King'' [Hongcongi, 1865] [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics31legg pars i] [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics32legg ii] * c. 160 a.C.n. : [[Marcus Porcius Cato maior|Cato]], ''[[De agri cultura]]'' * c. 150 a.C.n. : ''[[Commentarius Gongyang|Gongyang zhuan]]'' (Harry Miller, ''The Gongyang Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals''. Novi Eboraci: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015) * ante 146 a.C.n. : [[Mago Carthaginiensis]], opus de re rustica [[Punice]] scriptum * ante 139 a.C.n. : ''[[Magistri Huainan|Huainanzi]]'' 11.16, 19.1, 20.25, 20.26 (John S. Major et al., interprr., ''The Huainanzi: a guide to the theory and practice of government in early Han China'' [Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 2010)] * ante 122 a.C.n. : ''[[Magister Zhuang|Zhuangzi]]'' 23, 28 ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], interpr., ''The Sacred Books of China: The texts of Taoism'' vol. 2 [Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1891] [https://archive.org/details/sacredbooksofchi028287mbp/page/n99/mode/2up pp. 80], [https://archive.org/details/sacredbooksofchi028287mbp/page/n173/mode/2up 162] * saec. II a.C.n. exeunte? : ''[[Ritus regni Zhou|Zhou li]]'' (Edouard Biot, interpr., ''Le Tcheou-li, ou Rites des Tcheou''. 3 voll. Lutetiae: Imprimerie Nationale, 1851 [https://archive.org/details/letcheouliourite1t3chou 3 voll. in 1] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5038370 voll. 1-2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k503972s vol. 3] apud Gallica * saec. I a.C.n.? : Fan Shengzhi, ''[[Liber Fan Shengzhi|Fan Shengzhi shu]]'' (fragmentis servatum) * saec. I a.C.n. ineunte : [[Cienus|Sima Cian]], ''[[Opus chronographicum]]'' * 59 a.C.n. : [[Wang Bao]], ''[[Syngrapha servi|Tong yue]]'' ("Syngrapha servi") * c. 36 a.C.n. : [[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]], ''[[De re rustica (Varro)|De re rustica]]'' * c. 35 a.C.n. : {{ec|id=Horatius|c=[[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]], ''[[Sermones (Horatius)|Sermones]]'' [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/serm2.shtml#2.3 2.3.150-155]}} * 29 a.C.n. : [[Publius Vergilius Maro|Vergilius]], ''[[Georgica]]'' * ante 8 a.C.n. : [[Liu Xiang]], ''[[Strategemata civitatum bellatricum|Zhan guo ce]]'' * ante saec. I : ''[[Rituum et officiorum memoriale|Liji]]'' (Séraphin Couvreur, ed. et interpr., ''Li ki, ou Mémoires sur les bienséances et les cérémonies ... avec une double traduction en français et en latin'', 2a ed. [Ho Kien Fu: Mission Catholique, 1913] [https://archive.org/details/likioummoiress01couvuoft vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/likioummoiress02couvuoft 2]) ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], interpr., ''The Sacred Books of China: The texts of Confucianism'' partes 3-4: ''The Lî Kî'' [Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1885] [https://archive.org/details/sacredbooksofchi3conf i-x] [https://archive.org/details/sacredbooksofchi04conf xi-xlvi] == saec. I-X == * saec. I p.C.n. ineunte : {{Strabo}} 15.2.10 * 5 : ''[[Decretum praeceptorum menstruorum]]'' (Charles Sanft, interpr., "Edict of Monthly Ordinances for the Four Seasons in Fifty Articles" in ''Early China'' vol. 32 [2008/2009] pp. 125-208 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23351787 JSTOR]) * c. 55/92 : [[Ban Gu]], ''[[Han shu]]'' * c. 60 : [[Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella|Columella]], ''[[Rei rusticae libri (Columella)|Rei rusticae libri]]'' 11.3.19-23 * ante 79 : {{ec|id=Plinius maior|c={{Pnh}} [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/21*.html#65 21.65], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/21*.html#167 167]}} * 79/saec. III : ''[[Bai Hu Tong]]'' (Tjan Tjoe Som, ''Po hu t'ung: the comprehensive discussions in the White Tiger Hall'' [2 voll. Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1949-1952] {{GB|nQgVAAAAIAAJ|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|nzgVAAAAIAAJ|vol. 2: paginae selectae}} [https://www.jstor.org/stable/609660 recensio apud JSTOR] * c. 80 : {{ec|id=Dioscorides|c={{Dioscorides}} 3.120 (ed. [[Max Wellmann]] [Berolini: Weidmann, 1906-1914] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6228793s/f170.item vol. 2 pp. 130-131])}} * saeculo I exeunte : {{ec|id=Xenocrates|c=[[Xenocrates Aphrodisiensis]], ''De alimento ex aquatilibus'' 95-96 apud [[Oribasius|Oribasii]] ''[[Collectiones medicae]]'' [http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/erudits/oribase/deuxgrec.htm 2.58] (Ioannes Raeder, ed., ''Oribasii Collectionum medicarum reliquiae''. 2 voll. Lipsiae: Teubner, 1929 [https://cmg.bbaw.de/epubl/online/cmg_06_01_01.php vol. 1 p. 53])}} * c. 100 : [[Marcus Valerius Martialis|Martialis]], ''Epigrammata'' [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost01/Martialis/mar_ep04.html 4.44] * saec. II : [[Cui Shi]], ''[[Mensualia ordinum quattuor populi praecepta|Simin yueling]]'', calendarium rusticum * saec. II ineunte? : {{ec|id=Pseudo-Dioscorides|c=Pseudo-Dioscorides, ''[[Synonyma plantarum barbara]]'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6228793s/f270 4.71] (φυσάλλις, οἱ δὲ στρύχνον, οἱ δὲ ἁλικάκκαβον, Ῥωμαῖοι βησικάρια) }} * c. 120 : [[Publius Annius Florus|Florus]], ''[[Epitome rerum Romanarum (Florus)|Epitome rerum Romanarum]]'' [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Florus/Epitome/1C*.html#XI 1.xi.16.4] * saec. II medio : [[Arrianus]], ''[[Anabasis Alexandri]]'' 3.28.5-7 * saec. II medio : {{ec|id=Liu Xi|c=[[Liu Xi]], ''[[Expositio nominum|Shiming]]'' cap. 10 (vide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} p. 21)}} * c. 160 : {{ec|id=Cui Shi|c=[[Cui Shi]], ''[[Praecepta plebis mensualia|Simin Yueling]]'' (vide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} p. 21; cf. ''[http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Science/siminyueling.html China Knowledge]'') }} * saec. II exeunte : [[Sextus Quintilius Valerius Maximus]] et [[Sextus Quintilius Condianus]], ''[[Georgica (Quintilii)|Georgica]]'' (partim in ''[[Geoponica|Geoponicis]]'' servata) * saec. II/VI : ''[[Carakasaṃhitā]]'' (Avinash Chandra Kaviratna, interpr. Calcuttae, 1890-1908 [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_47357 Textus] [https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/medica/resultats/index.php?do=chapitre&cote=47357 alibi]; Shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic Society, interprr. 6 voll. Jamnagar, 1949 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.326549 1] [https://archive.org/details/charakasamhitagulakunvebaaurvedicsocietyvol2_167_F 2] [https://archive.org/details/charakasamhitagulakunvebaaurvedicsocietyvol3_422_c 3] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.326550 4] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.326551 5] [https://archive.org/details/charakasamhitagulakunvebaaurvedicsocietyvol6_130_M 6]) * c. 200 : [[Sextus Iulius Africanus|Iulius Africanus]], ''[[Cesti (Iulius Africanus)|Cesti]]'' et ''Paradoxa'' * c. 200 : [[Claudius Galenus|Galenus]], ''[[De facultatibus simplicium medicamentorum]]'' 9.109 [https://archive.org/details/klaudiougalenou00khgoog/page/n133/mode/2up vol. 12 p. 123 editionis 1826] * c. 200 : [[Claudius Galenus|Galenus]], ''[[De alimentorum facultatibus]]'' [https://archive.org/details/hapantaoperaomni06galeuoft/page/734/mode/1up vol. 6 p. 734 Kühn] * c. 200 : [[Claudius Galenus|Galenus]], ''[[De victu attenuante]]'' * c. 200 : [[Claudius Galenus|Galenus]], ''[[De rebus boni malique suci]]'' * saec. III : [[Gargilius Martialis]], ''[[Medicinae ex holeribus et pomis]]'' * saec. III/IV? : [[Quintus Serenus]], ''[[De medicina praecepta (Serenus)|De medicina praecepta]]'' * saec. III ineunte : [[Claudius Aelianus|Aelianus]], ''[[De natura animalium (Aelianus)|De natura animalium]]'' 14.23, 14.26 * c. 220 : {{ec|id=Deipnosophistae|c=[[Athenaeus Naucratites|Athenaeus]], ''[[Deipnosophistae]]'' [https://archive.org/details/ARes28201/page/n136/mode/1up ed. Kaibel] [https://archive.org/details/athenaeinavcrati01atheuoft/page/192/mode/1up?view=theater ed. Casaubon]}} (vide et [https://www.digitalathenaeus.org/ Digital Athenaeus]) * c. 220 : [[Yang Fu]], ''[[异物志|Yiwu zhi]]'' * c. 300 : [[Ji Han]], ''[[Descriptio plantarum arborumque regionis meridianae|Nanfang caomu zhuang]]'' * saec. IV? : [[Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus|Palladius]], ''[[Opus agriculturae]]'' 12.6 * saec. IV? : [[Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus|Palladius]], ''[[De insitione (Palladius)|De insitione]]'' * saec. IV? : Pseudo-[[Antonius Musa]], ''[[De herba vettonica liber]]'' * saec. IV? : Pseudo-[[Apuleius (scriptor pseudonymus)|Apuleius]], ''[[Herbarius (pseudo-Apuleius)|Herbarius]]'' * saec. IV? : Pseudo-[[Dioscorides]], ''[[Liber medicinae ex herbis femininis]]'' * saec. IV? : {{ec|id=Apicius|c=''[[Apicius sive De re coquinaria]]'' [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Apicius/api_re00.html textus] (Christopher Grocock, Sally Grainger, edd., ''Apicius. A critical edition with an introduction and an English translation'' [Totenais: Prospect Books, 2006. ISBN 1903018137])}} * saec. IV? : [[Vindonius Anatolius]] Berytius, ''Synagoge consuetudinum rei rusticae'' (partim in ''[[Geoponica|Geoponicis]]'' servata) * 312/315 : [[Eusebius Pamphili]], ''[[Praeparatio evangelica|Evangelicae praeparationis libri XV]]'' (E. H. Gifford, ed. et interpr., ''Eusebii Pamphili Evangelicae praeparationis libri XV'' [4 voll. in 5. Oxonii: e typographeo Clarendoniano, 1903] [https://archive.org/details/evangelicaepraep01euse 1] [https://archive.org/details/evangelicaepraep02euse 2] [https://archive.org/details/p1evangelicaepra03euse 3 i] [https://archive.org/details/p2evangelicaepra03euse 3 ii] [https://archive.org/details/eusebioutoupamp00eusegoog 4] [https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/index.htm#Praeparatio_Evangelica_(The_Preparation_of_the_Gospel) editio interretialis versionis Anglicae] * 320 p.C.n. nisi antea : ''[[Liber documentorum|Shujing]]'', libri Shang, 3-6 ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 3 i-ii: ''The Shoo King'' [Hongcongi, 1865] [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics31legg/page/184/mode/2up pp. 184-219]) * saec. IV exeunte : [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonius]], ''Epistulae'' * c. 371 : [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonius]], ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_mose.html Textus] * c. 400 : [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]'' [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Macrobius/Saturnalia/3*.html#15 3.15] * saec. IV-V : ''[[Itinerarium Alexandri]]'' 75 * saec. V? : [[Vinidarius]], ''[[Apici excerpta]]'' (Christopher Grocock, Sally Grainger, edd., ''Apicius. A critical edition with an introduction and an English translation'' [Totenais: Prospect Books, 2006. ISBN 1903018137] pp. 312-325) * saec. V/VI : ''[[Suśrutasaṃhitā]]'' (Kunja Lal Bhushagratna, interpr., ''An English translation of the Sushruta samhita''. 3 voll. Calcuttae, 1907 [https://archive.org/details/englishtranslati01susruoft 1] [https://archive.org/details/b24758619_0002 2] [https://archive.org/details/b24758619_0003 3]) * post 511 : [[Anthimus (legatus)|Anthimus]], ''[[De observatione ciborum]]'' 61 * ante 537 : [[Cassiodorus]], ''[[Variae (Cassiodorus)|Variae]]'' 12.4 ([[Theodorus Mommsen]], ed., ''Cassiodori senatoris Variae'' [Berolini: apud Weidmannos, 1894] [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_12/index.htm#page/362/mode/1up p. 362]) ("Destinet carpam Danuvius") * c. 544 : [[Jia Sixie]], ''[[Principales populo favendi artes|Qimin yaoshu]]'' * 587/588 : [[Venantius Fortunatus]], ''[[De navigio suo (Venantius)|De navigio suo]]'' [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost06/Venantius/ven_ca10.html#09 vv. 29-42] * c. 700 : {{ec|id=Meng Shen|c=[[Meng Shen]], ''[[Materia diaetetica compendiosa|Shiliao bencao]]'' (vide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} p. 28)}} * saec. VIII/X : [[Liber Exoniensis|Libri Exoniensis]] aenigma 74 vel 77 [https://web.archive.org/web/20060903091110/http://www2.kenyon.edu/AngloSaxonRiddles/Riddles/Riddle74.htm Textus] * saec. VIII exeunte : [[Lu Yu]], ''[[Canon theae|Cha jing]]'' ("Canon theae") * saec. IX : {{Creanda|fr|Masawaiyh|Mesue}} * ante 857 : {{Creanda|fr|Yuhanna ibn Masawaih|Ioannes Mesue}} (cf. Q62052886) * ante 863 : [[Duan Chengshi]], ''[[Miscellaneae montis You offae|Youyang zazu]]'' * saec. IX/X : ''[[Medicinale Anglicum]]'' * saec. X : [[Isaac Iudaeus]], ''[[De diaetis universalibus et particularibus]]'' [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0004/bsb00042770/images/index.html Manuscriptum] * saec. X : {{ec|id=Warrāq)|c=Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq, ''[[Liber coquinarius (Warrāq)|Kitāb al-ṭabīḫ]]'' (Kaj Öhrnberg, Sahban Mroueh, edd., ''Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq: Kitāb al-ṭabīkh'' [Helsingiae: Finnish Oriental Society, 1987]; Nawal Nasrallah, interpr., ''Annals of the Caliphs' Kitchens: Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq's Tenth-Century Baghdadi Cookbook'' [Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 2007] {{Google Books|sQCwCQAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}})}} * saec. X/XI : ''[[Lacnunga]]'' * c. 1000 : {{Creanda|fr|Masawaih (Mésué le Jeune)|Ioannes Mesue iunior}} (cf. Q24794616) == Saec. XI == * saec. XI : {{ec|id=al-Kāšġarī|c={{Creanda|en|Mahmud al-Kashgari|Mahometus al-Kāšġarī}}, ''[[Dīwān Luġāt al-Turk]]'' (Robert Dankoff, ed. et interpr., ''Maḥmūd al-Kāšγarī: Compendium of The Turkic Dialects (Dīwān Luγāt at-Turk)''. 3 voll. Cantabrigiae Massachusettensium, 1982) [https://archive.org/details/CompendiumOfTheTurkicDialectsPart1-MahmudAl-Kashghari 1] [https://archive.org/details/CompendiumOfTheTurkicDialectsPartII-MahmudAl-Kashghari 2] [https://archive.org/details/CompendiumOfTheTurkicDialectsPartIII-MahmudAl-Kashghari 3]}} * saec. XI : {{ec|id=Ḫāṣṣ Ḥājib|c={{Creanda|en|Yūsuf Balasaguni|Iosephus Ḫāṣṣ Ḥājib}}, ''[[Qutadğu Bilig]]'' (Robert Dankoff, interpr., ''Yusuf Khass Hajib: Wisdom of Royal Glory (Kutadgu Bilig): a Turko-Islamic mirror for princes''. Chicagine: University of Chicago Press, 1983)}} * 1025 : [[Avicenna]], ''[[Liber canonis medicinae]]'' {{GB|WE_d_srGiKUC|versio Latina 1484}} [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00002046-001/page/n198/mode/2up f. 78v editionis 1527] * c. 1080 : [[Symeon Sethi]], ''[[Syntagma de cibariorum facultate]]'' {{Google Books|FJukcSowkeMC|editio 1538}} == Saec. XII == * saec. XII? : ''[[Pākadarpaṇam]]'' (Madhulika, interpr.; Jay Ram Nadav, ed. Benaris, 2013 [http://www.saujanyabooks.com/details.aspx?id=41411 De hac editione] [https://www.ancientscienceoflife.org/article.asp?issn=0257-7941;year=2014;volume=33;issue=4;spage=259;epage=262;aulast=Kodlady Recensio]) * saec. XII : [[Someśvara III]], ''{{Creanda|en|Manasollasa|Mānasollāsa}}'' * saec. XII : ''[[Antidotarium Mesue]]'' seu ''Grabadin'' * saec. XII/XIII : ''[[Poricologus]]'' * ante 1117 : ''Sheng ji zong lu'' fide en:wiki [https://www.loc.gov/item/2021666382/ de hoc fonte] * saec. XII medio : {{ec|id=Luo Yuan|c=[[Luo Yuan]], ''[[Alae expositoris|Erya yi]]'' (vide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} pp. 30-31)}} * 1150/1175 : ''[[Salsamenta Pictavensium]]'' (Giles E. M. Gasper, Faith Wallis, "Salsamenta Pictavensium: gastronomy and medicine in twelfth-century England" in ''English Historical Review'' vol. 131 [2016] pp. 1353-1385 [https://dro.dur.ac.uk/19826/1/19826.pdf textus recensionis praeliminaris]) * 1150/1180 : [[Matthaeus Platearius]], ''[[Practica (Platearius)|Practica]]'' (cf. 1497 et 1582) * 1160/1170 : ''[[Circa instans]]'' (cf. 1497 et 1582) * ante 1187 : [[Gerardus Cremonensis]], Versio Latina Avicennae ''Canonis Medicinae'', [http://alfama.sim.ucm.es/dioscorides/consulta_libro.asp?ref=X532932098&idioma=0] II 'Littera M', cpt. 451 'Melongena' p.353 * c. 1190 : {{ec|id=Nequam|c=[[Alexander Nequam]], ''[[De nominibus utensilium]]'' ([[Thomas Wright]], ed., ''A Volume of Vocabularies'' [Liverpolii, 1882] pp. 96-119 ad [https://archive.org/details/b2487341x_0001/page/102/mode/2up p. 102] ("viridis sapor, verde sause")}} * saec. XII exeunte : [[Ibn al-'Awwam|Ibn al-ʿAwwām]], ''[[Liber agriculturae (Ibn al-'Awwam)|Liber agriculturae]]'' (J.-J. Clément-Mullet, interpr., ''Le Livre de l'agriculture d'Ibn-al-Awam''. 3 voll. Lutetiae: Librairie A. Franck, 1864-1867 {{GB|x1pAAAAAIAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|lj9AAAAAIAAJ|2}} {{Google Books|Fz9AAAAAIAAJ|3}} * saec. XII exeunte : [[Radulphus de Diceto]], ''[[Ymagines historiarum]]'' (William Stubbs, ed., ''Radulfi de Diceto decani Lundoniensis opera historica'' [''[[Rerum Britannicarum Medii Aevi scriptores]]''. Londinii, 1876] [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89095820973&view=1up&seq=404&skin=2021 vol. 1 p. 294] [https://archive.org/details/radulfidedicetod02dice vol. 2] [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89090758863&view=1up&seq=9&skin=2021 vol. 2 alibi]) * saec. XII medio : ''[[Ptochoprodromica]]'' (Hans Eideneier, ed., ''Πτωχοπρόδρομος'' [Heraclei Cretae: Πανεπιστημιακές Εκδόσεις Κρήτης, 2012] {{Ling|Graece}}) == Saec. XIII == * saec. XIII : ''Wuṣla ilā al-ḥabīb'' (Maxime Rodinson, ''Studies in Arabic Manuscripts'' in Maxime Rodinson, A. J. Arberry, Charles Perry, ''Medieval Arab Cookery'' [Totnes: Prospect Books, 2001] pp. 131-148) * saec. XIII : Serapionis iunioris ''[[De simplici medicina (Serapio)|De simplici medicina]]'' iv.241 (''assa'')[https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000818200/page/160/mode/2up pp. 160-162 editionis 1531] * saec. XIII : [[Nicolaus Myrepsus]], ''[[Antidotarium|Dynameron]]'' seu ''Antidotarium'' (vide 1549) * saec. XIII : {{ec|id=Tujibi|c=[[Ibn Razīn al-Tujībī]], ''Fiḍālat al-ḫiwān'' (Peter Heine, ''Kulinarische Studien: Untersuchungen zur Kochkunst im arabisch-islamischen Mittelalter'' (1988) p. 128 ("qaṭāʾif"))}} * saec. XIII : {{ec|id=Andalusiensis|c=''Kitāb al-ṭabīḫ fī'l-Maǧrīb wa'l-Andalūs'' (A. Huici Miranda, ed., ''La cocina Hispano-Magrebi en la España almohade'' [Matriti, 1965] f. 68v; Charles Perry, interpr., ''An Anonymous Andalusian Cookbook of the 13th Century'' [http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Cookbooks/Andalusian/andalusian9.htm Textus]) ("sanbûsak")}} * saec. XIII : ''[[La Bataille de Caresme et de Charnage]]'' (Grégoire Lozinski, ed., ''La Bataille de Caresme et de Charnage'' [Lutetiae: Honoré Champion, 1933]) * saec. XIII/XIV : {{ec|id=Kitāb waṣf|c=''[[Descriptio ciborum communiorum|Kitāb waṣf al-ʿaṭima al-muʿtada]]'' (Charles Perry, "The Description of Familiar Foods" in Maxime Rodinson, A. J. Arberry, Charles Perry, ''Medieval Arab Cookery'' [Totnes: Prospect Books, 2001] pp. 273-465) }} * saec. XIII/XV : ''[[Tacuinum sanitatis]]'' (vide hanc paginam) {{Google Books|ggFcAAAAcAAJ|p. 87 editionis 1531}} * saec. XIII ineunte : ''[[Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar]]'' cap. 71 * 1223/1224 : [[Henricus de Andeliaco]], ''[[La Bataille des vins]]'' (Alexandre Héron, ''Oeuvres de Henri d'Andeli, trouvère normand du 13e siècle'' [Rotomagi, 1880] pp. [https://archive.org/details/oeuvresdehenrida00henruoft/page/22/mode/2up 23-30], [https://archive.org/details/oeuvresdehenrida00henruoft/page/86/mode/2up 87-129]) * 1226 : {{ec|id=Baghdadi|c=[[Baghdādī]], ''[[Liber coquinarius Bagdatensis|Kitāb al-ṭabīḫ]]'' (Charles Perry, interpr., ''A Baghdad Cookery Book'' [''Petits propos culinaires'', no. 79. Totnes: Prospect Books, 2005])}} * ante 1240 : [[Iacobus Vitriacensis]], ''[[Historia Orientalis et Occidentalis|Libri duo quorum prior Orientalis sive Hierosolymitanae, alter Occidentalis historiae nomine inscribitur]]''. Duaci: ex officina Balthazaris Belleri, 1597 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k54504q Textus apud Gallica] [https://archive.org/details/IacobiDeVitriacoCardinalisLibriDuo1596 textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10189102-1 textus] apud Monacenses * c. 1240 : [[Gualterus de Bibbesworth]], ''[[Le Tretiz (Bibbesworth)|Le Tretiz]]'' (MS G) 465-466 ([[Andreas Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], interpr., ''The Treatise of Walter of Bibbesworth'' [Totenais: Prospect Books, 2012. ISBN 978-1-903018-86-6] pp. 82-83) * ante 1250 : ''[[Libellus de arte coquinaria]]'' (M. Kristensen, ed., ''The socalled Harpestreng cookbook (13th century) = Das sog. Harpestreng-Kochbuch [13. Jh.]: Codex K: Harpestræng''. Hauniae, 1908-1920) [https://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/tx/harp-kkr.htm Textus] * c. 1250 : Lin Hong, ''{{Creanda|de|Shanjia qinggong|Simplicia montani victualia}}'' (Françoise Sabban, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/etchi_0755-5857_1997_num_16_1_1254 La diète parfaite d'un lettré retiré sous les Song du Sud]" in ''Études chinoises'' vol. 16 (1997) pp. 7-57) * c. 1250 : {{ec|id=La Villeneuve|c=Guillaume de La Villeneuve, "Crieries de Paris" vv. 16-22 (Étienne Barbazan, Dominique Martin Méon, edd., ''Fabliaux et contes des poètes françois des XIe, XIIe, XIIIe, XIVe et XVe siècles'' [Lutetiae, 1808] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k79574/f293 vol. 2 p. 277]}} * 1250/1270 : [[Ioannes XXI|Petrus Hispanus]], ''[[Thesaurus pauperum]]'' * post 1254 : [[Gulielmus de Rubruquis]], ''Itinerarium'' (Peter Jackson, interpr., ''The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1990) * 1259 : [[Albertus Magnus]], ''De vegetabilibus'' vi.2.2.279 {{Google Books|euAHAAAAIAAJ|pp. 279-280 editionis 1867}} * saec. XIII exeunte : {{ec|id=Iamboninus|c=[[Iamboninus Cremonensis]], ''[[Liber de ferculis|Liber de ferculis et condimentis]]'' (Anna Martellotti, ''Il Liber de ferculis di Giambonino da Cremona'' [Fasano: Schena, 2001])}} * saec. XIII exeunte : {{ec|id=Wu Zimu|c=Wu Zimu, ''Mengliang lu'' (vide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} pp. 33-34)}} * saec. XIII exeunte : ''{{Creanda|fr|Tractatus de herbis}}'' (vide et {{Creanda|fr|Liste des simples traités dans le Tractatus de herbis}}) * c. 1275 : ''[[Viandier]]'': manuscriptum Sedunense ([[Terentius Scully|Terence Scully]], ed., ''The Viandier of Taillevent: an edition of all extant manuscripts'' [Ottavae: University of Ottawa Press, 1988]) [https://histolf.ulb.be/index.php/textes-gh/251-1275-viandier-de-sion-texte-et-traduction Textus cum versione] ab Annick Englebert recensus * ante 1281 : [[Pseudo-Mesue]] * c. 1282 : {{ec|id=Memoriali bolognesi|c=''Memoriali bolognesi'' (Gianfranco Contini, ed., ''Poeti del Duecento''. 2 voll. Mediolani: Ricciardo Ricciardi, 1960)}} * 1287 : [[Salimbene de Adam]], ''Cronica'' 786, sub die 11 Augusti 1284 (ed. Ferdinando Bernini [Baro: Laterza, 1942] p. 264) * saeculo XIII exeunte : ''[[La Bataille de Caresme et de Charnage]]'' vv. [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k40533/f21 249], [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k40533/f28 433] [https://www.arlima.net/ad/bataille_de_caresme_et_de_charnage.html De opere] * ante 1300 : ''[[Viande e claree|Coment l'en deit fere viande e claree]]'' (Constance B. Hieatt, R. Jones, "Two Anglo-Norman culinary collections" in ''Speculum'' vol. 61 (1986) pp. 859-882 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2853971 JSTOR]) * c. 1300 : ''[[Enseignements]]'' [https://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/tx/1300ens.htm no. 62] (Grégoire Lozinski, ed., ''La Bataille de Caresme et de Charnage'' [Lutetiae: Honoré Champion, 1933] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k40533/f191.item pp. 181-187]) [https://histolf.ulb.be/index.php/textes-gh/254-1300-les-enseingnemenz-texte-et-traduction alibi] == Saec. XIV == * saec. XIV : {{ec|id=Thesaurus|c=''[[Thesaurus beneficiorum mensaeque varietatum|Kanz al-fawāʾid fī tanwīʿ al-mawāʾid]]'' (Manuela Marin, David Waines, edd. [Stutgardiae: Steiner, 1993]; Nawal Nasrallah, interpr., ''Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table'' [Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 2018])}} * saec. XIV : {{ec|id=Sent soví|c=''[[Llibre de sent soví]]'' (Joan Santanach i Suñol, ed., Robin M. Vogelzang, interpr., ''The book of Sent Soví: medieval recipes from Catalonia'' [2008] pp. 68-69, no. xiii) ("escabetx a peix frit")}} * saec. XIV : ''[[Llibre de totes maneres de potatges]]'' (Mónica Barrieras et al., edd., ''Llibre de totes maneres de potatges'' [Barcinone: Editiorial Barcino, 2020?) (cf. Joan Santanach i Suñol, ed., Robin M. Vogelzang, interpr., ''The book of Sent Soví: medieval recipes from Catalonia'' [2008] p. 122 n.) * saec. XIV : {{ec|id=Libro per cuoco|c=''[[Libro per cuoco]]'' vel ''Anonimo Veneziano'' (Ludovico Frati, ed., ''Libro di cucina del secolo XIV'' (Liburni, 1899) no. 80 [https://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/tx/frati.htm Textus a Thoma Gloning divulgatus])}} * saec. XIV : ''[[Libro della cocina]]'' vel "Anonymus Tuscanus" (E. Faccioli, ''Arte della cucina'' (Mediolani 1966) vol. 1 pp. 21-57; [http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/an-tosc.htm recensio interretialis]; Frankwalt Möhren, ''Il libro de la cocina: un ricettario tra Oriente e Occidente''. Heidelbergae, 2016 [https://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/heiup/reader/download/123/123-68-75294-1-10-20160906.pdf Textus]) * saec. XIV : ''[[Libre de totes maneres de confits]]'' [http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/confits.htm Textus interretialis] * c. 1300/1320 : [[Matthaeus Silvaticus]], ''[[Liber pandectarum medicinae]]'' (vide infra) * 1300/1309 : {{ec|id=Liber de coquina|c=''[[Liber de coquina|Liber de coquina ubi diversitates ciborum docentur]]'' (Marianne Mulon, "Deux traités inédits d'art culinaire médiéval" in ''Bulletin philologique et historique (jusqu'à 1610) du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques'' [1968 (1971)] vol. 1 pp. 369-435) [http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/mul2-lib.htm Textus]}} * 1305/1308 : {{ec|id=Regimen sanitatis|c=[[Arnaldus de Villa Nova]], ''[[Regimen sanitatis ad regem Aragonum]]'' ([https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00065328/images/index.html?id=00065328&groesser=&fip=xdsydfsdryztsyztsxdsydsdasxdsyd&no=64&seite=54 editio 1474])}} * ante 1309 : ''[[Tractatus de modo praeparandi et condiendi omnia cibaria]]'' (Marianne Mulon, "Deux traités inédits d'art culinaire médiéval" in ''Bulletin philologique et historique (jusqu'à 1610) du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques'' [1968 (1971)] vol. 1 pp. 369-435) [https://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/tx/mul1-tra.htm Textus] * 1309 : [[Petrus de Crescentiis]], ''[[Ruralia commoda]]'' (vide hanc paginam) * 1320/1340 : [[BL Royal 12.C.xii]] f. 11r (Constance B. Hieatt, R. Jones, "Two Anglo-Norman culinary collections" in ''Speculum'' vol. 61 (1986) pp. 859-882 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2853971 JSTOR]) * ante 1325 : ''[[Doctrina faciendi diversa cibaria]]'' ([[Constantia Hieatt|Constance B. Hieatt]], Sharon Butler, edd., ''Curye on Inglysch'' [Londinii: Oxford University Press, 1985] pp. 43-58) * c. 1325 : ''[[Tractatus de vinis]]'' [[Arnaldus de Villa Nova|Arnaldo de Villa Nova]] falso adscriptum * 1330 : {{ec|id=Hu|c=Hu Si-hui, ''[[Propria ad mensam Imperatoris principia]]'' (Paul D. Buell, Eugene N. Anderson, edd. et interprr., ''A Soup for the Qan: Chinese dietary medicine of the Mongol era as seen in Hu Szu-hui's Yin-shan cheng-yao'' [Londinii: Kegan Paul, 2000] no. 10, p. 282)}} * c. 1335 : [[Maynus de Mayneriis]], ''[[Opusculum de saporibus]]'' ([[Lynn Thorndike]], "A Medieval Sauce-Book" in ''Speculum'' vol. 9 (1934) pp. 183-190 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2846594 JSTOR]; cf. [[Terentius Scully|Terence Scully]], "The Opusculum de saporibus of Magninus Mediolanensis" in ''Medium aevum'' vol. 54 (1985) pp. 178-207 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/43628892 JSTOR]) * c. 1340 : [[Ibn Baṭṭūṭa]], ''[[Peregrinatio (Ibn Baṭṭūṭa)|Peregrinatio]]'' (C. Defrémery, B. R. Sanguinetti, edd. et interprr., ''Voyages d'Ibn Batoutah'' [5 voll. Lutetiae: Société Asiatique, 1853-1859] [https://archive.org/details/ldpd_6017227_000 Vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/voyagestextearab02ibnb vol. 2] [https://archive.org/details/voyagestextearab03ibnb vol. 3] [https://archive.org/details/voyagestextearab04ibnb vol. 4] [https://archive.org/details/ldpd_5998015_000 Index]) * saec. XIV medio : Jia Ming, ''[[De potu ciboque scienda|Yinshi xuzhi]]'' (T.T. Chang, "Chia Ming's Elements of Dietetics: a summary of the first volume with an introduction" in '' Isis'' vol. 20 (1933) pp. 324-334 * saec. XIV medio : ''[[Das Buch von guter Speise]]'' [http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/bvgs.htm Textus interretialis] * 1353 : [[Iohannes Boccacius|Boccaccio]], ''[[Decameron]]'' * c. 1355 : {{ec|id=Boccacius|c=[[Iohannes Boccacius|Boccaccio]], ''Corbaccio''}} * ante 1374 : {{ec|id=Ni Zan|c=[[Ni Zan]], ''[[Aedis silvarum nebulosarum regimentarium|Yunlintang yinshi zhidu shi]]'' (Teresa Wang, E. N. Anderson, "Ni Tsan and his Cloud Forest Hall Collection of Rules for Drinking and Eating" in ''Petits Propos Culinaires'' no. 60 (1998) pp. 24-41) }} * 1377/1400 : ''[[Forme of cury]]'' no. 22, 202 ([[Constantia Hieatt|Constance B. Hieatt]], Sharon Butler, edd., ''Curye on Inglysch'' [Londinii: Oxford University Press, 1985] pp. 93-145) ("mawmenee, mawmenny") * 1381 : ''[[Diversa servicia]]'' no. 30 ([[Constantia Hieatt|Constance B. Hieatt]], Sharon Butler, edd., ''Curye on Inglysch'' [Londinii: Oxford University Press, 1985] pp. 59-79) ("maumene") * ante 1390 : {{ec|id=Modus|c=''[[Modus viaticorum praeparandorum et salsarum|Modus viaticorum preparandorum et salsarum]]'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10036651f/f26 liber manuscriptus] }} * saec. XIV exeunte : {{ec|id=Llibre d'aparellar|c=''[[Llibre d'aparellar de menjar]]'', [https://mdc.csuc.cat/digital/collection/manuscritBC/id/290716 Bibliotheca de Catalunya MS. 2112] ff. 25r-35r (Joan Santanach i Suñol, ed., Robin M. Vogelzang, interpr., ''The book of Sent Soví: medieval recipes from Catalonia'' [2008] pp. 190-191) ("menjar blanc")}} * saec. XIV exeunte : ''[[Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar]]'' cap. 28 * c. 1390/1404 : ''[[Herbarium Carrarense]]'' * c. 1393 : {{ec|id=Mesnagier|c=''[[Le Mesnagier de Paris]]'' (Jérôme Pichon, ed., ''Le ménagier de Paris ... par un bourgeois parisien'' (Lutetiae, 1846-1847) [https://archive.org/details/lemnagierdepari01renagoog/page/n111/mode/2up vol. 2 pp. 100], [https://archive.org/details/lemnagierdepari01renagoog/page/n185/mode/2up 175]}} * saec. XIV exeunte : ''[[Utilis coquinario]]'' no. 25 ([[Constantia Hieatt|Constance B. Hieatt]], Sharon Butler, edd., ''Curye on Inglysch'' [Londinii: Oxford University Press, 1985] pp. 61-91) ("mawmene") * saec. XIV exeunte : ''[[Goud kokery]]'' * saec. XIV exeunte : [[Franciscus Eiximenis]], ''[[Com usar bé de beure e menjar]]'' == Saec. XV == * saec. XV : [[Ibn al-Mubarrad]], ''Kitāb al-Ṭibāḫa'' (Charles Perry, "''Kitāb al-Ṭibāḫa'': a fifteenth-century cookbook" in Maxime Rodinson, A. J. Arberry, Charles Perry, ''Medieval Arab Cookery'' [Totnes: Prospect Books, 2001] p. 473 * saec. XV : ''{{Creanda|fr|Livre des simples médecines}}'' * saec. XV : ''[[Mensura omnium Oceani litorum|Yingyai shenglan]]'' {{Google Books|DjQ9AAAAIAAJ|p. 118 versionis Anglicae}} * saec. XV ineunte : ''[[Ancient Cookery]]'' (''[[A Collection of Ordinances and Regulations for the Government of the Royal Household]]'' (Londinii: Societas Antiquariorum Londinensis 1790) pp. 423-473 {{Google Books|Q25HAAAAcAAJ}}; Richard Warner, ''Antiquitates culinariae'' (Londinii, 1791) {{Google Books|ycw-AAAAcAAJ}}) * saec. XV ineunte : ''[[Viandier]]'': manuscriptum Vaticanum (Terence Scully, ed., ''The Viandier of Taillevent: an edition of all extant manuscripts'' [Ottavae: University of Ottawa Press, 1988] [https://histolf.ulb.be/index.php/textes-gh/260-1450-viandier-taillevent-ms-vaticane-texte-et-traduction Textus cum versione] ab Annick Englebert recensus * c. 1420 : {{ec|id=Liber cure cocorum|c=''[[Liber cure cocorum]]'' (Richard Morris, ed., ''Liber cure cocorum'' [Londinii: Philological Society, 1862] [https://archive.org/details/libercurecocorum00morr/page/18/mode/2up p. 19]) ("blanc maungere of fysshe") }} * c. 1420 : ''[[Potages divers|Potages dyvers I]]'' (British Library, MS Harl. 279, c.1420) (Thomas Austin, ed., ''Two Fifteenth-Century Cookery Books'' [EETS OS. 91] 1888, pp. 5-56) [https://archive.org/details/twofifteenthcent00austuoft/page/22/mode/2up p. 23] ("oystrys in bruette") * c. 1420 : [[Chiquardus]], ''[[Du fait de cuisine]]'' ([[Terentius Scully]], ed., "[https://doc.rero.ch/record/21865/files/I-N-268_1985_06_00.pdf?version=1 Du fait de cuisine par Maistre Chiquart, 1420]" in ''Vallesia'' [1985] pp. 101-231) * ante 1431 : [[Iohannes de Bockenheim]], ''[[Registrum coquinae]]'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10035736w/f66 MS BNF latin 7054] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5110_1988_num_100_2_2987 Editio] * c. 1433 : [[Bertrandon de la Broquière]], ''Voyage d'outremer'' [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8449038d Liber manuscriptus] (Ch. Schefer, ed., ''Le voyage d'outremer de Bertrandon de La Broquière'' (Lutetiae, 1892) [https://archive.org/details/levoyagedoutreme00labruoft/page/130/mode/2up p. 130]) * 1433 : [[Ma Huan]], ''[[Mensura omnium Oceani litorum|Yingyai shenglan]]'' (J. V. G. Mills, interpr., ''Ying-yai Sheng-lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores' [1433]'' [Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 1970. [[Societas Hakluyt|Hakluyt Society]] ] [https://faculty.washington.edu/qing/huan_ying-yai_sheng-lan%5B1%5D.pdf Textus pp. 137-178] {{Google Books|DjQ9AAAAIAAJ|Paginae selectae}}) * 1430/1440 : [[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] MS Harleianus 279 [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24790/24790-h/keruyng.html Textus] * c. 1440 : ''[[Potages divers|Potages dyvers II]]'' (British Library, MS Harl. 4016, c.1440) (Thomas Austin, ed., ''Two Fifteenth-Century Cookery Books'' [EETS OS. 91] 1888, pp. 69-107) [https://archive.org/details/twofifteenthcent00austuoft/page/100/mode/2up p. 100] ("oystres in gvey") * c. 1440 : ''[[Promptorium parvulorum]]'' (Albertus Way, ed., ''Promptorium parvulorum'' [Londinii: Societas Camdenensis, 1865] [https://archive.org/details/promptoriumparvu00camduoft/page/30/mode/2up p. 31]) * c. 1440 : ''[[Horae Catharinae Cliviensis]]'' [https://www.themorgan.org/collection/Hours-of-Catherine-of-Cleves/thumbs Textus] * c. 1450 : ''[[Vivendier]]'' ([[Terentius Scully|Terence Scully]], ''The Vivendier ... A critical edition with English translation''. Totnes: Prospect Books, 1997) * c. 1450 : ''An Ordinance of Pottage'' (MS. Yalensis Beinecke 163: Constance B. Hieatt, ed., ''An Ordinance of Pottage'' [Londinii: Prospect Books, 1988]) no. 32 ("conyngges in grave") * c. 1450 : {{ec|id=Savonarola|c=[[Michaël Savonarola]], ''Libreto de tutte le cosse che se magnano'' (ed. Jane Nystedt [Holmiae: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1988] p. 62) ("Fasse de farina lassagne, lassagnole, menudelli, dicti tri in medesina")}} * post 1467 : ''[[Noble Book of Cookery|A Noble Boke off Cookry]]'' (MS. Holkham 674) (Robina Napier, ed., ''A Noble Boke off Cookry ffor a prynce houssolde or eny other estately houssolde''. Londinii: Elliot Stock, 1882 [https://archive.org/details/b21529565 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [http://www.medievalcookery.com/notes/napier.txt recensio interretialis]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/CME00005 recensio interretialis]); cf. 1500 * c. 1470 : {{ec|id=Martino|c=[[Martinus Comensis (magister coquinarius)|Maestro Martino]] (Gillian Riley, interpr., ''Maestro Martino: Libro de Arte Coquinaria'' (CD-ROM. Quercupoli: Octavo, 2005. ISBN 1-891788-83-3) p. 9 versionis Anglicae}} * c. 1480 : [[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] MS Harleianus 5401 (Constance B. Hieatt, "The Middle English Culinary Recipes in MS Harley 5401: an Edition and Commentary" in ''Medium Aevum'' vol. 65 (1996) pp. 54-71) [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24790/24790-h/keruyng.html Textus] * saec. XV exeunte : ''[[Cuoco Napoletano]]'' (Terence Scully, [[Rudolphus Grewe|Rudolf Grewe]], edd., ''The Neapolitan Recipe Collection: Cuoco Napoletano'' (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000) p. 41 {{Google Books|5p_bcD4uUMYC|Paginae selectae}} * c. 1500 : MS [[Bibliotheca universitatis Gandavensis|Gandavensis]] 476 (Ria Jansen-Sieben, Johanna Maria van Winter, edd., ''De keuken van de late Middeleeuwen. Een kookboek uit de Lage Landen''. Amstelodami: Bert Bakker, 1998) [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/jans016keuk01_01/jans016keuk01_01.pdf recensio interretialis]) == post Gutenberg == * 1473 : ''[[De simplici medicina (Serapio)|Liber Serapionis agregatus in medicinis simplicibus]]''. Mediolani [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0007/bsb00070094/images/index.html Textus]; Venetiis, 1479 [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00064401/images/index.html Textus] * 1474 : [[Matthaeus Silvaticus]], ''[[Liber pandectarum medicinae]]'' Bononiae [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0006/bsb00069437/images/ Textus]; [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00073212/image_1 Argentorati 1480]; [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00060727/image_1 Venetiis 1492]; [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00060715/image_1 Venetiis 1498]; [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00060630/image_1 Venetiis 1499]; [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10147814-6 Venetiis 1507]; [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11200086-7 Papiae 1508]; [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10147815-2 Venetiis 1523]; [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10147816-7 Taurinis 1526]; [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10147817-2 Venetiis 1540] * 1470/1475 : {{ec|id=Platina (1471?)|c=[[Bartholomaeus Platina]], ''[[De honesta voluptate et valetudine]]'' [https://archive.org/details/Platine-De-honesta-voluptate-et-valitudine-ad-amplissimum-ac-doctissimum-D-B-Rou-PHAIDRA_o_359459 editio sine anno] [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00000024-001 editio 1475]}} * 1477 : [[Panthaleo de Conflentia]], ''[[Summa lacticiniorum|Summa lacticiniorum completa]]'' ([https://archive.org/details/GE0036C.C.470/page/n29/mode/1up editio 1508]) * c. 1477 : [[Robertus de Nola]], ''Libre del coch'' (vide 1520, 1525) * 1484 : ''[[Herbarius (Moguntiae, 1484)|Herbarius]]'' (vide hanc paginam) * 1484 : [[Avicenna]], ''[[Liber canonis medicinae]]'' {{GB|WE_d_srGiKUC|versio Latina 1484}} * 1485 : Ioannes de Cuba, ''[[Hortus sanitatis]]'' seu ''Gart der Gesundheit'' (vide hanc paginam) * 1487 : [[Isaac Iudaeus]], ''[[De diaetis universalibus et particularibus|De particularibus diaetis]]''. Patavii [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0007/bsb00070131/images/index.html Textus] * 1455/1488 : {{ec|id=Cadamustus|c=[[Aloisius Cadamustus]], ''Libro de la prima nauigatione per locceano a le terre de Nigri'' in [[Francanus Montalbodus|Fracanzano Montalboddo]], ed., ''Paesi novamente retrovati et nouo mondo da Alberico Vesputio Florentino'' [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58988n Textus 1507 apud Gallica] [https://archive.org/details/paesinouamentere00frac Editio 1508 rursus impressa 1916] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1491 : [[Antonius Gazius]], ''Corona florida medicinae''. Venetiis, 1491 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k604578/ Textus aegre legibilis] [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00000949-001/ editio 1534] [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00000948-001 alia] * 1492 : [[Nicolaus Leonicenus]], ''De Plinii et aliorum in medicina erroribus''. Ferrariae [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0006/bsb00067914/images/index.html Textus] * ante 1493 : [[Hermolaus Barbarus]], ''Corollarium ad Dioscoridem in quinque Libros priores de materia Medica'' [http://alfama.sim.ucm.es/dioscorides/consulta_libro.asp?ref=X532556568] Liber IV, cpt.79 'De Mandragora' p.239r * 1493 : {{ec|id=Columbi ephemeris (1493)|c=[[Christophorus Columbus]], Ephemeris primae navigationis a [[Bartholomaeus Casaus|Bartholomaeo Casao]] rescripta, in Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, ed., ''Colección de los viages y descubrimientos'' vol. 1 (2a ed. Matriti, 1858) [https://archive.org/stream/coleccindelosv01nava#page/152/mode/2up pp. 153-313]}} * 1493 : Christophorus Columbus, [[Epistola de insulis nuper inventis|Epistola Hispanice scripta]]. Barcelona: Johann Rosenbach, 1493 (editio fac-simile cum versione Anglica: ''The Spanish Letter of Columbus'' [Londinii: Bernard Quaritch, 1893] {{Google Books|NPXCTYxu-R4C}}) (La Española: "En esta ay muchas especierias, y grandes minas de oro y de otros metales"; "que pueden ver sus Altezas q[ue] yo les dare oro quanto ovieren menester, con muy poquita ayuda que sus Altezas me daran; agora [e]speciaria y algodon quanto sus Altezas mandaran cargar, y almastica quanta mandaran cargar e de la qual fasta [h]oy no se ha fallado salvo en Grecia en la ysla de Xio, y el Senorio la vende como quiere; y lignumaloe quanto mandaran cargar, y esclavos quantos mandaran cargar, y seran de los ydolatras; y creo haver fallado ruybarbo y canela") * 1493 : Christophorus Columbus, "''[[Epistola de insulis nuper inventis]]''": versio Latina eodem anno plurimis editionibus divulgata; [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/titleinfo/4723066 editio Basiliensis]; [https://www.loc.gov/item/02005687/ alia]; [https://www.loc.gov/item/46031077/ editio Romana] (vide Frank E. Robbins, ed., ''Christopher Columbus: Epistola de Insulis Nuper Inventis''. Ann Arbor, 1966) * 1493-1505 : {{ec|id=Columbi epistulae (1493-1505)|c=[[Christophorus Columbus]], Epistulae de navigationibus in Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, ed., ''Colección de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los españoles desde fines del siglo XV'' vol. 1 (Matriti, 1825) [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000052618 Textus] (2a ed. Matriti, 1858) [https://archive.org/details/coleccindelosv01nava Textus]}} * 1493-1503 : {{ec|id=Columbi liber copiarum (1493-1503)|c=[[Christophorus Columbus]], Epistulae ineditae in Antonio Rumeu de Armas, ed., ''Libro copiador de Cristóbal Colón: correspondencia inédita con los Reyes Católicos sobre los viajes a América'' (Matriti, 1989) [[:es:Libro copiador de Colón#Enlaces externos|Editiones interretiales]]}} * 1494 : {{ec|id=Chanca (1494)|c=[[Didacus Álvarez Chanca]], Epistula de secunda navigatione Christophori Columbi in Martín Fernández de Navarrete, ed., ''Coleccion de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los españoles desde fines del siglo XV'' vol. 1 (Matriti: Imprenta Real) pp. 198-224 ([http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000052618 imagines 362-388]; (2a ed. Matriti, 1858) [https://archive.org/stream/coleccindelosv01nava#page/346/mode/2up pp. 347-372]; versio Anglica: A. M. Fernandez de Ybarra, "[https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/26153 The letter of Dr. Diego Alvarez Chanca, dated 1494, relating to the second voyage of Columbus to America (being the first written document on the natural history, ethnography and ethnology of America)]" in ''Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections'' vol. 48 (1907) pp. 428-457}} * 1494-1530 : {{ec|id=Petrus Martyr (1530)|c=[[Petrus Martyr ab Angleria]], ''[[De orbe novo decades]]'' lib. 5 cap. 9 [https://archive.org/stream/deorbenouopetrim00angh#page/n173/mode/2up f. 83r]}} * 1495 : [[Michael de Cuneo]], "De novitatibus insularum Oceani Hesperii repertarum a don Christoforo Columbo Genuensi" (Guglielmo Berchet, ed., ''Narrazioni sincrone'' [''Raccolta di Documenti e studi della R. Commissione Colombiana'' 2 iii. Romae, 1893] {{Google Books|bElEAQAAMAAJ|pp. 95-107}}) (p. 100: "Ne le dicte isole sono ancora costi como rosa, chi fano il fructo longo como caniglie, piene d'una graneta mordente como il pepe: li dictiCamballi et Indiani lo mangiano como nuy le pome") * 1497 : ''Practica [[Ioannes Serapio|Jo. Serapionis]] dicta Breviarium; Liber Serapionis [[De simplici medicina (Serapio)|de simplici medicina]]; Liber de simplici medicina dicta [[Circa instans]]; Practica [[Matthaeus Platearius|Platearii]]''. Venetiis: mandato Octaviani Scoti per Bonetum Locatellum [http://beta.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/edataaed898ad32478b39e3ed4c0ff68f7a0597ab9fc4 Textus] [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00061068/images/index.html Textus] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58567k Textus] * 1497 : [[Ioannes Michael Savonarola]],''Practica medicinae''. Venetiis: mandato Octaviani Scoti per Bonetum Locatellum [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00061120/images/index.html] * 1499 : [[Polydorus Vergilius]], ''De inventoribus rerum libri tres'' {{Google Books|LEg8AAAAcAAJ|editio Veneta 1503}} (cf. 1521) * c. 1500 : {{ec|id=Nimmatnama|c=''{{Creanda|en|Nimmatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi}}'' (Norah M. Titley, ed. et interpr., ''The Ni'matnama Manuscript of the Sultans of Mandu: The Sultan's Book of Delights'' [Londinii: Routledge, 2004] {{Google Books|LGp_AgAAQBAJ|Fragmentum}})}} * 1500 : ''[[Noble Book of Cookery|A Noble Boke off Cookry]]''. Londinii: Richard Pynson, 1500; cf. 1467 == 1501-1550 == * saec. 16 : Kṣemaśarmā, ''Kṣemakutūhalam'' (R. Shankar, interpr. Bengaluri, 2009) * saec. 16 : Lolimbarāja, ''Vaidyajivana'' (Nirmal Saxena, interpr. 2000 [https://www.vedicbooks.net/vaidya-jivana-lolimbaraja-p-14132.html De hoc libro]) * saec. 16 : ''The Image of Hypocrisy'' (F. J. Furnivall, ed., ''Ballads from Manuscripts'' vol. 1 [1868] p. 218) * saec. 16 ineunte: ''Libro dei segreti galanti'' (Olindo Guerrini, ed., ''Ricettario galante del principio del secolo xvi'' [Bononiae: Gaetano Romagnoli, 1883] {{Google Books|y6YFAAAAQAAJ}}) * 1502 : Benjamin F. Stevens, ed., ''Christopher Columbus: his own book of privileges''. Londinii, 1893 [https://archive.org/details/christophercolum00colu Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1503 : [[Americus Vesputius|Albericus Vespuccius]]; Ioannes Iocundus, interpr., ''Mundus novus'' [https://archive.org/details/mundusnouus00vesp Editio 1504] (Augustae Vindelicae: Iohannes Otmar) apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1506/1508 : [[Eduardus Pacheco Pereira|Duarte Pacheco Pereira]]; Raphael Eduardo de Azevedo Basto, ed., ''Esmeraldo de situ orbis'' (Olisipone, 1892) [http://purl.pt/28964/1/index.html#/112-113/html pp. 57-58] [https://archive.org/details/esmeraldodesituorbisporduartepachecopereira/page/n95/mode/2up p. 52] * c. 1508 : [[Maṅgarāsa III]], ''Sūpaśastra'' (Madhukar Konantambigi, interpr., ''Culinary Traditions of Medieval Karnataka: the Soopa Shastra of Mangarasa III'' (Dellii, 2012) * 1508 : {{ec|id=Madrignanus (1508)|c=Archangelus Madrignanus, interpr.; Francanus Montalbodus, ed., ''Itinerarium Portugallensium e Lusitania in Indiam et inde in occidentem et demum ad aquilonem'' [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OEBMA3dMZcMC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1508 : [[Ioannes Bourdichon]], picturae botanicae ''[[Horae Annae Britanniae|horarum Annae Britanniae]]'' (manuscriptum, 1503-1508) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52500984v/f344.image f. 168r] * 1511 : [[Aegidius Gallus]], ''De viridario Augustini Chigii'' [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23973712 Editio 1989] * 1511 : [[Nicolaus de la Chesnaye|Nicole de la Chesnaye]], ''La Condamnacion de bancquet''. Lutetiae, 1511 (P. L. Jacob, ed., ''Recueil de farces, soties et moralités du quinzième siècle'' [Lutetiae, 1859] pp. 269-454 ad p. 310) ("Tout premier vous sera donnée Saulce robert et cameline ...") [https://archive.org/details/RecueilFarcesSotiesJacob1876/ aliud exemplar] * 1512 : {{ec|id=Nicolaus (1512)|c=[[Nicolaus Myrepsus]], ''Dispensarium''. Lugduni: Constantinus Fradin {{Google Books|goJVAAAAcAAJ|f. 2v et passim}}}} * 1512 : [[Blosius Palladius]], ''Suburbanum Augustini Chisii'' {{Google Books|ipNWAAAAcAAJ}} * 1515 : [[Isaac Iudaeus]], ''Omnia opera Ysaac''. Lugduni [https://archive.org/details/1856324.med.yale.edu Textus] * ante 1516 : [[Eduardus Barbosa|Duarte Barbosa]] ''Livro de Duarte Barbosa'' in ''Collecção de noticias para a historia e geografia das nações ultramarinas'' vol. 2 no. 7 (Olisipone, 1813) [https://archive.org/details/collecodenot10lisb/page/n287 Textus] [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433082405238;view=1up;seq=287 alius]; Augusto Reis Machado, ed., ''Livro em que dá relação do que viu e ouviu no Oriente''. Olisipone, 1946 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090303053302/http://purl.pt/435 Textus] * 1516 : [[Ioannes Ruellius]], interpr., ''Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de medicinali materia libri quinque De virulentis animalibus, et venenis canerabioso, et corum notis, ac remediis libri quattuor. Joanne Ruellio Suessionensi interprete''. Lutetiae apud [[Henricus Stephanus|Henricum Stephanum]] {{Ling|Latine}} [http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/medica/cote?00815 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/dioscoridislibr00ruelgoog Editio bilinguis 1549] [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00011921/image_5 Editio cum aliorum adnotationibus 1549] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003467922 Editio 1552] * 1518 : [[Ioannes Nannius Utinensis]], picturae botanicae [[porticus Amoris et Psychae]] in [[viridarium Augustini Chigii|viridarii Augustini Chigii]] [https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/udine/ quaere speciem no. 68] * 1519-1544 : [[Ferdinandus Cortesius]], Epistulae, in Pascual de Gayangos, ed., ''Cartas y relaciones de Hernan Cortés al emperador Carlos V''. Lutetiae, 1866 [https://archive.org/details/gri_cartasyrelac00cort Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' {{Google Books|e7IGAAAAQAAJ}} * post 1519 : {{ec|id=Relazione (post 1519)|c= "[[Relatione di alcune cose della Nuova Spagna e della gran città di Temestitan Messico]]" in [[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius|Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''[[Navigationi et viaggi (Ramusius)|Navigationi et viaggi]]'' (Venetiis, 1550-1559) vol. 3 [https://archive.org/details/terzovolumedelle32ramu/page/n691/mode/2up ff. 304v-310r] [https://archive.org/stream/dellenavigationi00ramu#page/n595/mode/2up ff. 254r-259r editionis 1606] }} * 1480/1520 : [[Eustathius de la Fosse|Eustache de la Fosse]]; R. Fourché-Delbosc, ed., "Voyage à la côte occidentale d'Afrique" in ''Revue hispanique'' vol. 4 (1897) [https://archive.org/details/revuehispaniquer04hispuoft/page/174/mode/2up pp. 174-201] * 1520 : {{ec|id=Robertus (1520)|c=[[Robertus de Nola]], ''[[Libre del coch|Libre de doctrina per a ben servir, de tallar, y del art de coch]]''. Barcinone, 1520 {{Google Books|rF-PPdZ_SjIC}} [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/libre-de-doctrina-per-a-ben-servir-de-tallar-y-del-art-de-coch--1/html/ series paginarum]; [[:File:Llibre del Coch (1520).djvu|alibi]]; [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/libre-de-doctrina-per-a-ben-servir-de-tallar-y-del-art-de-coch-transcripcio--0/html/ff1e2444-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_2.html#I_211_ recensio interretialis] {{Google Books|xO85L2pjvDgC|editio 1568}}}} * 1521 : [[Polydorus Vergilius]], ''Adagiorum liber ... De inventoribus rerum libri octo''. Basileae: Frobenius {{Google Books|vs9WAAAAcAAJ}} * 1521? : ''Le Grant Herbier''. Lutetiae: Jehan Petit {{Google Books|S8diL-Kn7qQC}} * 1524 : [[Paulus Iovius]], ''[[De Romanis piscibus libellus]]''. Romae: F.M. Calvo [http://archive.org/details/pauliiouiinouoco00giov Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' {{Google Books|yW08AAAAcAAJ|ed. 1527 titulo ''De piscibus marinis ...''}} {{Google Books|yzBOAAAAcAAJ|ed. 1531}}; Carlo Zancaruolo, interpr., ''Libro ... de' pesci romani''. Venetiis, 1560 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9O5eSH2-bTgC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://archive.org/details/depesciromani00giov Textus] * 1525 : {{ec|id=Robertus (1525)|c=[[Robertus de Nola]], ''[[Libre del coch|Libro de cozina]]''. Toleti: Ramon de Petras, 1525 {{Ling|Hispanice}} [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000061324 Textus]}} * 1526 : {{ec|id=Oviedo (1526)|c=[[Gundisalvus Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés|Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdés]], ''Dela natural hystoria delas Indias''. Toleti [https://www.wdl.org/en/item/7331/view/1/1/ Textus] [[:Fasciculus:About the Natural History of the Indies WDL7331.pdf|textus]]}} * 1529 : [[Ioannes Ruellius]], interpr.; [[Otho Brunfelsius]], ed., ''P. Dioscoridae pharmacorum simplicium reique medicae libri VIII'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817921 Textus] * circa 1530 : [[Toribius Motolinia]], ''Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España'' [https://archive.org/stream/historiadelosind00moto#page/192/mode/2up pp. 193-194 editionis 1914] etc. * 1530 : [[Otho Brunfelsius]], ''Herbarum vivae eicones'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003125165 Textus] * 1531 : [[Otho Brunfelsius]], ed., ''... Ioan. Serapionis Arabis [[De simplici medicina (Serapio)|De simplicibus medicinis]] opus praeclarum et ingens, Averrois Arabis de eisdem liber eximius, Rasis filii Zachariae de eisdem opusculum perutile, incerti item autoris de centaureo libellus hactenus Galeno inscriptus ...'' Argentorati: Georgius Ulricher [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000818200 Textus] * 1533 (interpres) : ''Ex Aeliani Historia per Petrum Gyllium latini facti, itemque ex Porphyrio, Heliodoro, Oppiano, tum eodem Gyllio luculentis accessionibus aucti libri XVI de vi et natura animalium; eiusdem Gyllii liber unus de gallicis et latinis nominibus piscium''. Lugduni: apud Sebastianum Gryphium [https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/title/BV004256028 apud Monacenses] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9905508 editio 1535 apud gallica] * 1533 : "Liber summarius de Gallicis et Latinis nominibus piscium Massiliensium" in [[Petrus Gyllius]], interpr., ''Ex Aeliani historia per Petrvm Gyllivm latini facti'' (Lugduni: apud Seb. Gryphium, 1533) [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11216933?page=578 pp. 546-598] * 1533 : ''Tacuini sanitatis Elluchasem Elimithar; Albengnefit De virtutibus medicinarum et ciborum; Iac. Alkindus De rerum gradibus''. Argentorati: apud Ioannem Schottum [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10197837-7 Textus] apud Monacenses * 1534 : [[Otho Brunfelsius]], ''Kreüterbuch contrafayt'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000811650 Textus] * 1534 : [[Franciscus Rabelaesus]],''[[Gargantua (Rabelaesus)|La Vie très horrificque du grand Gargantua]]'' (Lugduni) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8609586k/f21 cap. 4] * post 1534 : ''Prima relatione di Iacques Carthier della Terra nuoua detta la Nuoua Francia, trouata nell'anno 1534'' in [[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius|Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ''[[Navigationi et viaggi (Ramusius)|Navigationi et viaggi]]'' (Venetiis, 1550-1559) vol. 3 [https://archive.org/stream/dellenauigationi03ramu#page/n809/mode/2up Textus editionis 1606 apud ''Internet Archive''] * c. 1535 : Alonzo Enriquez de Guzman ([[Clements Markham]], interpr., ''The life and acts of Don Alonzo Enriquez de Guzman, a knight of Seville, of the Order of Santiago, A.D. 1518 to 1543'' [London: Hakluyt Society, 1862] [https://archive.org/details/lifeactsofdonalo00enr/page/90/mode/2up pp. 91], 97) * 1535 : [[Gundisalvus Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés|Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdés]], ''Historia general de las Indias'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000819539 Textus] * c. 1536 : [[Bartholomaeus Casaus]], ''''Apologética historia sumaria'' in M. Serrano y Sanz, ed., ''Historiadores de Indias'' (Matriti: Bailly-Baillière, 1909) [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei01serr vol. 1] * 1536 : ''Constantini Africani ... opera''. Basileae [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10140123-5 Textus] * 1536 : [[Ioannes Ruellius]], ''De natura stirpium libri III''. 1536 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1520724r Editio Basileensis 1537] apud Gallica * 1536 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''[[De re hortensi libellus]]'' * 1537 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''[[Vinetum (Stephanus)|Vinetum]]'' [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00003077-001 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1538 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''Sylva, frutetum, collis'' {{Google Books|K5nY6jwUeF4C}} * 1538 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''Arbustum, fonticulus, spinetum'' {{Google Books|OjM6AAAAcAAJ}} * c. 1539 : ''[[Livre de cuisine très utile et profitable|Livre de cuysine tres utille et prouffitable]]'' (Lutetiae) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b105020786/f107 f. 41r] ("saulce barbe robert") * 1539 : [[Antonius Gazius]], ''De vino et cerevisia tractatio'' {{Google Books|lGFWAAAAcAAJ|editio 1546 ad finem libri}} {{Google Books|-_9mAAAAcAAJ|editio 1549 ad finem libri}} * 1539 : {{ec|id=Bock (1539)|c=[[Hieronymus Bock]], ''[[Kreutterbuch (Bock)|New Kreütter Buch]]'' [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb11069345_00590.html pars 2 f. 86v]; eiusdem ''Kreüterbuch'' (1546) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000815859 Textus]; eiusdem ''Kreüterbuch'' (1551) [https://bildsuche.digitale-sammlungen.de/index.html?c=viewer&bandnummer=bsb00091270&pimage=741 ff. 350r-351r]; eiusdem ''Kreutterbuch'' (1560) [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000820529#page/n725/mode/2up ff. 342-344]}} * circa 1540 : {{ec|id=Codex Tudela|c=''[[Codex Tudela]]'' (liber pictus, c. 1530/1554) [http://ceres.mcu.es/pages/Viewer?accion=4&Museo=MAM&AMuseo=MAM&Ninv=70400&txt_id_imagen=4&txt_rotar=0&txt_contraste=0 f. 3r]}} * 1540 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''Seminarium'' {{Google Books|xjsPAAAAQAAJ}} * 1541 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Historia plantarum ...'' [https://archive.org/details/historiaplantar00gess Textus] * ante 1542 : ''[[Codex Mendoza]]'' (liber pictus, c. 1534/1542) f. 51v-52r etc.; cf. Frances Berdan, Patricia Anawalt, ''The Essential Codex Mendoza'' (Berkeleiae, 1997) pp. 132-133 etc. * 1542 : [[Bartholomaeus Casaus|Bartolomé de las Casas]], ''[[Brevissima relación (Casaus)|Brevissima relación de la destruyción de las Indias]]'' (Hispali, 1552) [http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/17058 Textus] [http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000172864&page=1 Versio Latina 1614] * 1542 : {{ec|id=Fuchsius (1542)|c=[[Leonhartus Fuchsius]], ''[[De historia stirpium commentarii insignes]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/Dehistoriastirp00Fuch#page/730/mode/2up pp. 731-735]; editio altera (1549), [http://books.google.com/books?id=3fWFctV3hWIC&pg=PT574&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_0#PPT545,M1 cpt. 203 'De malis insanis']}} * 1542 : [[Andreas Boorde|Andrew Boorde]], ''[[A Compendious Regiment|A Compendyous Regyment or a Dyetary of Helth]]''; [https://llds.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk/llds/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.14106/A16467/A16467.html recensio interretialis] ([[Fridericus Iacobus Furnivall|F. J. Furnivall]], ed., ''The fyrst boke of the introduction of knowledge, made by Andrew Borde, of physycke doctor; a compendyous regiment ...'' (Londinii, 1870) [https://archive.org/details/fyrstbokeofintro00boorrich/page/222/mode/2up p. 223 ff.] * post 1542 : [[Casparus de Carvajal]], ''Relación del nuevo descubrimiento del famoso Río Grande'' in José Toribio Medina, ed., ''Descubrimiento del río de las Amazonas según la relación de ... Gaspar de Carvajal'' (Hispali: E. Rasco, 1894) [https://archive.org/details/raha_103310 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1543 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''Pratum, lacus, arundinetum'' {{Google Books|ul46AAAAcAAJ}} * ante 1544 : {{ec|id=Cordus (ante 1544)|c=[[Valerius Cordus]]; [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ed., ''Annotationes in Dioscoridis; Historiae stirpium libri IV [etc.]''. 1561 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8036#/summary Textus]}} * 1544 : [[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''[[Commentarii (Matthiolus)|Di Pedacio Dioscoride libri cinque]]'' [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-pos-0000072-001 Mantuae 1549], longius in editione 1573 {{Google Books|w8JCAAAAcAAJ|p. 689}} * 1544 : {{ec|id=Turnerus (1544)|c= [[Guilielmus Turnerus]], ''Avium praecipuarum, quarum apud Plinium et Aristotelem mentio est, brevis et succincta historia''. Coloniae {{Google Books|s106AAAAcAAJ}} [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10209029?page=66 sig. E1 v] }} ("Duplo fere superiore [i.e. alauda] minus est, et rostro tenui, et carne longe suavissima") * 1545 : ''[[A Proper New Book of Cookery|A Propre New Booke of Cokerye]]''. Londinii: Richard Lant & Richarde Bankes [http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/bookecok.htm editio interretialis]; cf. 1575 * 1546 : [[Pasqualis de Andagoya|Pascual de Andagoya]], "Relación de los sucesos de Pedrarias Dávila" (Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, ed., ''Colección de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los españoles desde fines del siglo XV'' vol. 3. Matriti, 1829 {{Google Books|jwBj2Rcq_hQC|pp. 393-459}}; [[Clements Markham]], interpr., ''Narrative of the proceedings of Pedrarias Davila in the provinces of Tierra Firme or Castilla del Oro'' [Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1865] [https://archive.org/details/narrativeofproce00anda textus] ("This valley and district of Popayan is very beautiful and fertile. The provisions are maize, and certain roots called ''papas'' which are like chestnuts, and other roots like turnips, besides many fruits. But their chief provision is the wine which they make from maize in that land. It is made from a kind of maize called ''niorocho'', a very small hard grain, which is reaped two months after sowing. They also make very good bread of it, and wine, honey, oil, and vinegar. In all the provinces of this government they have these provisions, and in some of them they also have ''aji'' and ''yucas'' ... They make ''chicha''") * 1547? : [[Valerius Cordus]], ''Pharmacorum conficiendorum ratio. Vulgo uocant Dispensatorium''. Norimbergae {{Google Books|2NBaAAAAcAAJ}} * post 1547 : ''[[Livre de cuisine très utile et profitable|Le grant cuysinier de toute cuysine tres utille et proffitable]]'' {{Google Books|M2MgN7-H1c0C|ff. 48v-49r}} ("saulce barbe robert") * 1548 : [[Petrus de Medina|Pedro de Medina]], ''Libro de grandezas y Cosas memorables de Espana''. Matriti {{Google Books|Uh9JAAAAcAAJ}} [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009300157 editio 1595] * 1548 : {{ec|id=Turner (1548)|c=[[Guilielmus Turnerus|William Turner]], ''The Names of Herbes in Greke, Latin, Englishe, Duch and Frenche''. Londinii: John Day, 1548 {{Google Books|quQql5HMlmAC}}}} * 1549 : [[Leonhartus Fuchsius]], ''Plantarum effigies'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000812732 Textus] * 1549 : [[Leonhartus Fuchsius]], ed., ''[[Antidotarium|Nicolai Myrepsi Alexandrini medicamentorum opus ... a Leonharto Fuchsio medico ... recens conversum]]''. Basileae: apud Io. Oporinum, 1549 {{Google Books|EN5aAAAAcAAJ}} * 1549 : [[Christophorus de Messisbugo]], ''[[Banchetti (Messisbugo)|Banchetti]]'' (1549) {{Google Books|J9g2AQAAMAAJ}} (cf. 1564) * 1550 : [[Hieronymus Cardanus]], ''De subtilitate'' [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Tmf3wRsurVsC/page/n235 pp. 197-198] * 1550 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''[[De nutrimentis (Stephanus)|De nutrimentis ad Baillyum libri tres]]''. Lutetiae, 1550 [http://www.archive.org/details/carolistephanide00esti Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1550 : Eucharius Roeslin, ''Kreuterbuch'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000818796 Textus] * 1550 : [[Georgius Vasarius|Giorgio Vasari]], ''Le vite de piu eccellenti architetti, pittori, et scvltori italiani''. Florentiae [https://archive.org/details/gri_vitedepivecc01vasa Partes 1-2] [https://archive.org/details/gri_vitedepivecc03vasa Pars 3] * 1550-1559 : [[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius|Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''[[Navigationi et viaggi (Ramusius)|Navigationi et viaggi]]'' (Venetiis) == 1551-1600 == * 1551 : {{ec|id=Turner (1551)|c= [[Guilielmus Turnerus|William Turner]], ''[[A New Herbal (Turner)|A New Herball]]'' (Londinii: Steven Mierdman) sig. Evi {{Google Books|_QZfAAAAcAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/b30342053_0002/page/n87/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://archive.org/details/b30342053_0001/page/n111/mode/2up alius] }} ("pillotes") * 1551 : [[Petrus Bellonius|Pierre Belon]], ''L'Histoire naturelle des estranges poissons marins''. Lutetiae [https://archive.org/details/lhistoirenaturel00belo Textus][http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86083054 Textus apud gallica] * 1551 : [[Helius Eobanus Hessus]], ''[[De tuenda bona valetudine]]'' (1551) {{Google Books|SWZWAAAAcAAJ|f. 40v}} * 1551 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Historiae animalium liber I'' [https://archive.org/details/ConradiGesnerimIGess Textus] * 1551 : [[Ioannes de Betanzos|Juan de Betanzos]], ''Suma y narración de los Incas'' (Márcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed. Matriti, 1880) {{Google Books|nCjCRf0XeAcC|p. 75}}; [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/25705 Recensio interretialis] apud inceptum Gutenberg ("... que en la ciudad del Cuzco hubiese depósitos de todas comidas, ansí de maíz como de aji y frísoles é chochos, y chichas y quínua, y carnes secas ...") * 1551-1555 : [[Adamus Lonicer]], ''Naturalis historiae opus novum'', lemma [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/lonitzer/loni1/jpg/s075a.html 'mala insana'] * 1551-1561 : [[Ferdinandus Lopes de Castanheda]], ''[[História do descobrimento e conquista da Índia pelos Portugueses]]'' voll. {{GB|yBwPAAAAYAAJ|1}}, {{GB|mxwPAAAAYAAJ|2}}, {{GB|cSMPAAAAYAAJ|3}}, {{GB|kcMNAAAAYAAJ|4-5}}, {{GB|RTsNAAAAYAAJ|6}}, {{GB|JzsNAAAAYAAJ|7}}, {{Google Books|kxQNAAAAYAAJ|8}} * 1552 : Theodorus Gaza, interpr., ''Theophrasti ... De historia plantarum'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000811833 Textus] * 1552 : [[Hieronymus Bock|Hieronymus Tragus]], ''De stirpium maxime earum quae in Germania nostra nascuntur ... commentariorum libri tres'' [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nDCPb-dIeqYC Textus] * 1552 : [[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''De frugum historia''. Antverpiae [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000810710 Textus] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7103#/summary Textus] * 1552 : [[Franciscus López de Gómara|Francisco López de Gómara]], ''La istoria de las Indias y conquista de Mexico'' (Caesaraugustae: Agustín Millan, 1552) [https://archive.org/details/laistoriadelasin00lpez/page/n33/mode/2up f. 12r] * 1552 : [[Martinus de la Cruz]]; [[Ioannes Badianus]], interpr., ''[[Libellus de medicinalibus Indorum herbis]]'' [https://www.academia.edu/2777939/Libellus_de_Medicinalibus_Indorum_Herbis_Digital_facsimile_ f. 13v] * 1552 : [[Ioannes Ruellius]], interpr., ''Pedanii Dioscoridis Anazarbei De medicinali materia'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003467922 Textus] * 1552 : [[Franciscus López de Gómara]], ''La istoria de las Indias y conquista de Mexico''. Caesaraugustae: Agustín Millán; [https://archive.org/details/laistoriadelasin00lpez/ textus]; [https://archive.org/details/laconquistademex00lpez alia impressio?] ** 1554 : editio Antverpiae: Martin Nucio, duobus voluminibus divisa, titulo ''La historia general delas Indias'' ([https://archive.org/details/cronicadelanueua01lpez textus]) et ''La segunda parte dela Historia general delas Indias'' ([https://archive.org/details/lahistoriagenera00lpez_0 textus]) ** 1554 : alia editio Antverpiae: Juan Bellero, duobus voluminibus divisa, titulis ''La historia general delas Indias'' ([https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BxndFvtar-QC textus]; [https://archive.org/details/lahistoriagenera00lope alius]) et ''Historia de Mexico'' ([https://archive.org/details/historiademexico00lpez textus]) ** 1554 : alia editio Antverpiae: Juan Steelsio, volumen titulo ''Historia de Mexico''; [https://archive.org/details/historiademexico01lpez textus] ** 1554 : nova editio Caesaraugustana, titulo ''Cronica de la Nueva España con la conquista de Mexico''. Caesaraugustae; [https://archive.org/details/cronicadelanueua01lpez textus] ** 1555 : tertia editio Caesaraugustana, duobus voluminibus divisa: volumen titulo ''La historia general delas Indias''; [https://archive.org/details/cronicadelanueua00lpez textus]* 1552-1570 : [[Ioannes de Barros|João de Barros]], ''[[Décadas da Ásia]]'' (Olisipone) [http://archive.org/details/decadaprimeirate00barr 1] [http://archive.org/details/decadaprimeirate01barr 2] [http://archive.org/details/decadaprimeirate02barr 3] editionis 1628 {{Google Books|8-cJZzoi77kC|4 [editio 1615]}} * 1553 : [[Petrus Bellonius|Pierre Belon]], ''[[Observationes (Bellonius)|Les observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses mémorables trouvées en Grèce, Asie, Judée, Égypte, Arabie et autres pays estranges]]''. Lutetiae. [https://archive.org/details/gri_observations00belo Textus apud archive.org] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k53619s Textus apud gallica] [https://archive.org/details/obseruationsdep00belo apud Smithsonianum] * 1553 : [[Petrus Bellonius]], ''[[De arboribus coniferis resiniferis|De arboribus coniferis resiniferis, aliis quoque nonnullis sempiterna fronde virentibus]]'' [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8608304q Textus apud gallica] * 1553 : [[Petrus Bellonius]], ''De admirabili operum antiquorum et rerum suspiciendarum praestantia liber primus. De medicato funere seu cadavere condito et lugubri defunctorum ejulatione liber secundus. De medicamentis nonnullis servandi cadaveris vim obtinentibus liber tertius'' [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86083039 Textus apud gallica] * 1553 : [[Petrus Bellonius]], ''De aquatilibus libri duo cum iconibus ad vivam ipsorum effigiem quoad ejus fieri potuit expressis''. Lutetiae: Ch. Estienne [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/5765#/summary Textus apud Biodiversity Library] * 1553 : {{ec|id=Amatus (1553)|c=[[Amatus Lusitanus]], ''In Dioscoridis Anazarbei de materia medica libros quinque enarrationes eruditissimae'' (Venetiis, 1553) lib. 3 no. 78 {{Google Books|5Eo8AAAAcAAJ}} }}([https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/medica/resultats/index.php?do=page&cote=07759&p=334 p. 322] editionis 1557) {{Google Books|FoWjfrJFmd0C|editio 1558}} * 1553 : [[Petrus de Cieza de León|Pedro de Cieza de León]], ''[[Chronica del Peru|Parte primera dela chronica del Peru]]'' (Hispali: en casa de Martin de Montesdoca, 1553) [https://archive.org/details/parteprimeradela00ciez/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' (Clements Markham, interpr., ''The travels of Pedro de Cieza de León, A. D. 1532-50, contained in the first part of his Chronicle of Peru'' (Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1864) [https://archive.org/details/gri_000033125008673861/page/232/mode/2up p. 232 in nota subiuncta] * circa 1553 : [[Petrus de Cieza de León|Pedro de Cieza de León]], ''[[Chronica del Peru|Las guerras civiles Peruanas]]'' in Carmelo Saenz de Santa Maria, ed., ''Obras completas'' (Matriti, 1984-1985) cf. preceding * 1553 : {{ec|id=Dodonaeus (1553)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Trium priorum De stirpium historia commentariorum imagines'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7109#/summary Textus] {{Google Books|RCo6AAAAcAAJ}}}} * 1554 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''[[Praedium rusticum]]'' * 1554 : {{ec|id=Matthiolus (1554)|c=[[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''Commentarii'' [https://archive.org/stream/petriandreaematt00matt#page/536/mode/2up ed. 1558]; [https://archive.org/details/petriandreaemat00matt ed. 1560]; [https://archive.org/details/PetriAndreaMatt00Matt ed. 1565]; {{ec|id=Matthiolus (1574)|c=longius editione 1574 [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000819257#page/759/mode/2up lib. 4 cap. 71]}}}} * 1554 : {{ec|id=Dodonaeus (1554)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Posteriorum trium De stirpium historia commentariorum imagines'' {{Google Books|fCo6AAAAcAAJ|pp. 181-183}}}} * 1554 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Appendix historiae quadrupedum'' [https://archive.org/details/AppendixhistoriIIIAGess Textus] * 1554 : [[Gulielmus Rondeletius]], ''[[De piscibus marinis (Rondeletius)|De piscibus marinis]], libri XVIII, in quibus verae piscium effigies expressae sunt''. Lugduni: apud Matthiam Bonhomme. Insunt: "De testaceis libri II", "De insectis et zoophytis liber", "De piscibus stagni marini liber", "De piscibus lacustribus liber", "De piscibus fluviatilibus liber", "De palustribus liber", "De amphibiis liber" [https://archive.org/details/gvlielmirondelet00rond Textus apud archive.org] [https://archive.org/details/GulielmiRondele00Rond alius]; Versio Francogallica a [[Laurentius Ioubertus|Laurent Joubert]] facta: ''L'Histoire entiere des poissons, composee premierement en Latin par Maistre Guillaume Rondelet ... maintenant traduites en françois. Avec leurs pourtraits au naïf''. Lugduni, 1558 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86261840 Textus apud Gallica] * 1554 : [[Hippolytus Salvianus]], ''Aquatilium animalium historiae'' [https://archive.org/details/Aquatiliumanima00Salv Textus] * 1554 : [[Andreas Lacuna Segobiensis]], ''Annotationes in Dioscoridem Anazarbeum ... iuxta vetustissimorum codicum fidem elaboratae''. Lugduni, 1554 [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10313120-9 vide p. 827 huius exemplaris] {{Google Books|Lvw8AAAAcAAJ|Vide fasciculum alterum huius exemplaris}} * 1554 : {{ec|id=Pontormo|c=[[Iacobus de Pontormo]], Ephemeris (''Diario: Codice Magliabechiano VIII 1490 della Biblioteca nazionale centrale di Firenze: autografo di Jacopo da Montormo'' [Romae: Salerno, 1996. ISBN 9788884022035]; cf. Francesco Maggini, "[https://archive.org/details/giornalestoricod63toriuoft/page/300/mode/2up Il diario del Pontormo]" in ''Giornale storico della letteratura italiana'' vol. 63 [1883] pp. 301-305; ''[https://www.pitturaomnia.com/pitturaomnia_0000e9.htm Il diario del Pontormo]''; "[https://www.frammentiarte.it/2016/0-pontormo-diario/ Il diario di Pontormo]" apud ''Frammenti Arte''; Maurizia Tazartes, "[https://www.ilgiornaleoff.it/2017/11/10/e-la-sera-cenai-uno-pesce-d-uovo-nel-suo-diario-il-pontormo-ci-racconta/ “E la sera cenai uno pesce d’uovo”: vita d’ogni dì del Pontormo]" (10 Novembris 2017) apud ''Il giornale OFF'')}} * 1555 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Historiae animalium liber III, qui est de avium natura''. Tiguri: apud Christoph. Froschoverum, 1555 [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/zoom/2120017 textus] apud e-Rara * 1555 : [[Simon Grynaeus]], praef., ''[[Novus orbis regionum ac insularum veteribus incognitarum]]''. Basileae: Hervagius, 1555 [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10140943?page=1 Textus] apud Monacenses * 1555: [[Andreas Lacuna Segobiensis]], interpr., ''Pedacio Dioscorides Anazarbeo Acerca de la materia medicinal y de los venenos mortiferos''. Antverpiae {{Ling|Hispanice}} {{Google Books|hG0rnSNIDykC}} [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10632/ Exemplar manu tinctum] apud ''World Digital Library'' [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00000404-001 Editio Salmanticensis 1566] apud archive.org {{Google Books|xzxnLxvzvHUC|Editio Salmanticensis 1570}} * 1555 : [[Gulielmus Rondeletius]], ''Universae aquatilium historiae pars altera, cum veris ipsorum imaginibus'' [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10140050-0 Textus] apud Monacenses [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97272x.image apud Gallica] {{Google Books|lKNCAAAAcAAJ}} * 1555 : [[Petrus Bellonius|Pierre Belon]], ''La nature et diversité des poissons, avec leurs pourtraictz représentez au plus près du naturel''. Lutetiae: Ch. Estienne [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b550056516 Textus apud gallica] * 1555 : [[Petrus Bellonius|Pierre Belon]], ''L'Histoire de la nature des oyseaux, avec leurs descriptions et naïfs portraicts retirez du naturel'' [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00001828-001 Textus apud archive.org] [http://www2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/livanc/?do=livre&cote=00907 Textus apud BiuSante] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8608302w Textus apud gallica] * 1555 : ''[[Livre fort excellent de cuisine|Livre fort excellent de cuysine tres utille et proffitable]]''. Lugduni: Arnoullet, 1555 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8626163t Textus] apud Gallica * 1555 : [[Alphonsus de Molina|Alonso de Molina]], ''Aqui comiença un vocabulario enla lengua castellana y mexicana'' (Mexicopoli: Iuan Pablos) [https://archive.org/details/aquicomienavnvoc00moli/page/n75/mode/2up ff. 30r], [https://archive.org/details/aquicomienavnvoc00moli/page/n409/mode/2up 196v] * 1556 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''De piscibus et aquatilibus omnibus libelli III novi''. Tiguri [https://www.e-rara.ch/doi/10.3931/e-rara-4928 Textus]; alio titulo ''[[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidii]] Halieuticon, hoc est, De piscibus libellus; accedit Aquatilium animantium enumeratio iuxta Plinium'' [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/215501 Textus] apud ''e-Rara'' * 1526/1557 : {{ec|id=Oviedo (ante 1557)|c=[[Gundisalvus Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés|Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdés]], ''[[Historia general y natural de las Indias, islas y tierra-firme del mar Océano]]'' (José Amador de los Rios, ed. 4 voll. Matriti: Real Academia de la Historia, 1851-1855 [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125007267921 Pars 1] [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125007267988 Pars 2 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/historiageneral02fernguat pars 2 vol. 2] [https://archive.org/details/historiageneral04fernguat Pars 3]}} * 1557 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1557)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus|Rembert Dodoëns]]; [[Carolus Clusius|Charles de l'Escluse]], interpr., ''Histoire des plantes'' [https://archive.org/stream/hin-wel-all-00000412-001#page/n470/mode/2up pp. 441-442]}} * 1557 : [[Iulius Caesar Scaliger]], ''Exotericarum exercitationum liber quintus decimus, de subtilitate, ad Hieronymum Cardanum''. 1557 {{Google Books|LB88AAAAcAAJ}} * 1557 : [[Petrus Bellonius|Pierre Belon]], ''Portraicts d’oyseaux, animaux, serpens, herbes, arbres, hommes et femmes d’Arabie et d'Égypte''. Lutetiae [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k85310z Textus apud gallica] [http://www2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/livanc/?do=livre&cote=07744 Textus apud biuSante] * 1557 : [[Ioannes Stadius|Hans Staden]], ''Warhaftige Historia und Beschreibung eyner Landtschafft der wilden, nacketen, grimmigen menschfresser Leuthen in der Newenwelt America gelegen''. Marburgiae [https://archive.org/details/staden Textus] [https://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/view/staden_landschafft_1557 alibi]; [https://archive.org/details/americaetertiapa00stad/page/108/mode/2up p. 109 versionis Latinae] * 1557 : ''Relaçam verdadeira dos trabalhos que ho governador dom Fernando de Souto y certos fidalgos portugueses passarom no descobrimento da provincia da Frolida''. Eborae: Andrés de Burgos; [https://archive.org/details/virginiarichlyva00knig Versio Anglica 1609][https://archive.org/details/relaamverdadei00fida/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1558 : [[Petrus Bellonius|Pierre Belon]], ''[[De neglecta stirpium cultura|Les Remonstrances sur le défaut du labour et culture des plantes]]''. Lutetiae {{Google Books|HjBeAAAAcAAJ}} * 1558 : [[Andreas Thevetus|André Thevet]], ''[[Les Singularités de la France antarctique|Les Singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommée Amérique]]''. Lutetiae [https://archive.org/details/lessingularitezd00thev Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1558 : [[Guilielmus Turnerus]], "Epistola" [de piscibus] in [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Historiae animalium liber IIII, qui est de piscium et aquatilium animantium natura'' (Tiguri: apud Christoph. Froschouerum, 1558) [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_pharma_res000050x04/page/1294/mode/1up pp. 1294-1297] * 1558 : ''[[En tibi perpetuis ridentem floribus hortum]]'' (herbarium manuscriptum apud [[Museum Historiae Naturalis Lugduno-Batavum|Naturalem]]) [https://medialib.naturalis.nl/file/id/L.2111284 f. 318] * 1559 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ed.: [[Ianus Dubravius]], ''De piscinis et piscium qui in eis aluntur naturis libri quinque''; [[Xenocrates]], ''De Alimento ex aquatilibus'', cum versione Latina Ioannis Baptista Rasari [http://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-8219 Textus] * 1559 : [[Iacobus Praefectus]], ''[[De diversorum vini generum natura liber]]''. Venetiis [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00002781-001 Textus] {{Google Books|LT46AAAAcAAJ}} * c. 1560 : {{ec|id=Cervantes (c. 1560)|c=[[Franciscus Cervantes de Salazar|Francisco Cervantes de Salazar]], ''[[Cronica de la Nueva España]]'' (M. Magallón, ed., ''Cronica de la Nueva España que escribió el Dr. D. Francisco Cervantes de Salazar'' [Matriti: Hispanic Society of America, 1914] [https://archive.org/details/cronicadelanueva00cervuoft/page/15/mode/1up pp. 15-16] }} * 1560 : {{ec|id=Gesnerus (1560)|c=[[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Icones animalium quadrupedum'' [https://archive.org/details/iconesanimaliumq00gess Textus]}} * ante 1561 : [[Bartholomaeus Casaus|Bartolomé de las Casas]]; Marqués de la Fuensanta del Valle, José Sanchez Rayon, edd., ''Historia de las Indias''. 5 voll. Matriti, 1875-1876 [https://archive.org/details/historiaindias01casarich Vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/historiaindias02casarich 2] [https://archive.org/details/HistoriaDeLasIndias.TomoIIIFrayBartolomDeLasCasas 3] [https://archive.org/details/historiaindias03casarich 4] [https://archive.org/details/historiaindias04casarich 5] * 1561? : [[Georgius Pictorius]], ''Sanitatis tuendae methodus carmine elegiaco conscripta'' (1561?) {{Google Books|Q0uZo4CJTQsC|p. 13}} * 1561 : {{ec|id=Gesnerus (1561)|c=[[Conradus Gesnerus]], ed., ''In hoc volumine continentur [[Valerius Cordus|Valerii Cordii]] Annotationes in Dioscoridis ... [etc.]'' [http://dl.ub.uni-freiburg.de/diglit/cordus1561/0566 f. 272b] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817848 Textus]}} * 1561 : {{ec|id=Gesnerus (1561)|c=[[Conradus Gesnerus]], "De hortis Germaniae" in [[Valerius Cordus]], ''Annotationes in Dioscoridis ... [etc.]'' [http://dl.ub.uni-freiburg.de/diglit/cordus1561/0566 f. 272b] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817848 Texztus]}} * 1561 : ''Polybi De diaeta salubri sive de victu privatorum libellus'' (1561) {{Google Books|-WoGnOScNPEC|f. 58r et index}} * post 1561 : [[Franciscus Vásquez]], ''Relación de todo lo que sucedío en la jornada de Omagua y Dorado hecho per el gobernador Pedro de Orsúa'' in M. Serrano y Sanz, ed., ''Historiadores de Indias'' (Matriti: Bailly-Baillière, 1909) [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei02serr_0/page/422 vol. 2 p. 422 ff.] * 1562 : [[Guilielmus Turnerus|William Turner]], ''[[A New Herbal (Turner)|The Seconde Parte of William Turners Herball]]''. Coloniae: Arnold Birckman [https://archive.org/details/b30342053_0002/page/n216/mode/1up Textus] [https://archive.org/details/b30342053_0001 alius] * 1562 : [[Guilielmus Turnerus|William Turner]], ''A Booke of the Natures and Properties as Well of the Bathes in England as of Other Bathes in Germany and Italy''. Coloniae [https://archive.org/details/b30342053_0001/page/n594/mode/1up Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/englishmanstreas00vica editio 1599] * c. 1562-1592 : [[Georgius Bocskay]], [[Georgius Hoefnagel]], ''[[Mira calligraphiae monumenta]]'' (manuscriptum) [http://www.getty.edu/publications/virtuallibrary/089236212X.html Editio facsimile 1992] * 1563 : {{ec|id=Orta (1563)|c=[[Garcias ab Orta|Garcia de Orta]], ''[[Aromatum apud Indos nascentium historia|Colóquios dos simples e drogas da Índia]]'' (Goae) [http://purl.pt/22937/3/#/524 textus] [http://digitarq.arquivos.pt/viewer?id=4614066 alius]}} * 1563 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ed.; [[Iodocus Willichius]], ''Ars magirica, hoc est, coquinaria''; [[Iacobus Bifrons]], ''De operibus lactariis epistola''. Tiguri: apud Iacobum Gesnerum [http://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-5266 Textus] * 1563 : [[Guilielmus Gratarolus]], ''Regimen omnium iter agentium''. Argentorati: per Wendelinum Rihelium, 1563 {{Google Books|HBA8AAAAcAAJ|pp. 29-30}} * 1564 : [[Carolus Stephanus|Charles Estienne]], ''[[Praedium rusticum|L'Agriculture et maison rustique]]'' [https://archive.org/details/lagricultureetma00esti Textus] * 1564 : [[Christophorus de Messisbugo]], ''Libro novo nel qual s'insegna a far d'ogni sorte di vivanda'' {{Google Books|MCU6AAAAcAAJ}} (cf. 1549) * ante 1565 : [[Petrus Antonius Michiel]], ''I cinque libri di piante'' (manuscriptum 1553-1565) in Ettore de Toni, ed., ''Pietro Antonio Michiel, I cinque libri di piante: codice Marciano'' (Venetiis, 1940) [https://www.scribd.com/document/288397333/Pietro-Antonio-Michiel-I-cinque-libri-di-piante Textu]s apud ''Scribd'' * 1565 : [[Guilielmus Gratarolus]], ''De vini natura''. Argentorati: Theodosius Rihelius, 1565 {{Google Books|IEM6AAAAcAAJ}} * 1565 : {{ec|id=Benzo (1565)|c=[[Hieronymus Benzo|Girolamo Benzoni]], ''[[Novae Novi orbis historiae|La historia del Mondo nuovo]]'' (Venetiis) [https://archive.org/stream/hin-wel-all-00001834-001#page/n218/mode/2up ff. 102r-103v editionis 1572]}} * 1565 : {{ec|id=Monardes (1565)|c=[[Nicolaus Monardes|Nicolás Monardes]], ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia|Dos libros. El uno trata de todas las cosas que traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/hin-wel-all-00002448-001#page/n100/mode/2up quaternion f 6]}} * ante 1566 : [[Bartholomaeus Casaus|Bartolomé de las Casas]], ''Apologética historia sumaria'' [https://archive.org/stream/historiaindias04casarich#page/304/mode/2up p. 304 editionis 1876] * 1566 : [[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Frumentorum, leguminum ...'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003488142 Textus] * 1566 : {{ec|id=Fragosus (1566)|c=[[Ioannes Fragosus]], ''Catalogus simplicium medicamentorum, quae in usitatis huius temporis compositionibus praesertim Mesuaei & Nicolai aliorum penuria inuicem supponuntur''. Compluti [http://bibliotecavirtual.ranf.com/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=6191 Textus]}} * 1566 : Francesco Calzolari, ''Il viaggio di Monte Baldo della magnifica città di Verona, nel quale si descrive con maraviglioso ordine il sito di detto Monte, & d'alcune altre parti ad esso contigue, et etiandio si narra d'alcune segnalate piante & herbe che ivi nascono, & che nell'uso della medicina più di tutte l'altre conferiscono''. Venetiis: Valgrisio [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_xcKYxLXyoAIC Textus] * 1566 : [[Didacus de Landa|Diego de Landa]], ''Relación de las cosas de Yucatán'' ([[Brasseur de Bourbourg]], ed. et interpr., ''Relation des choses de Yucatan de Diego de Landa: texte espagnol et traduction française'' [Lutetiae: Arthus Bertrand, 1864] [https://archive.org/details/relationdeschose03land/ textus]; José María Asensio, ed., ''Relaciones de Yucatán'' [Matriti: Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, 1898] pp. 267-408 [https://archive.org/details/agz9105.0002.001.umich.edu/page/266/mode/2up textus]; [https://bibliotecadigital.rah.es/es/consulta/registro.do?id=61962 manuscriptum]) * 1567 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1567)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], interpr.; [[Garcias ab Orta]], ''[[Aromatum apud Indos nascentium historia]]'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7096#/summary Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003488159 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003634315 4a ed. 1593]}} * 1568 : {{ec|id=Turner (1568)|c= ([[Guilielmus Turnerus|William Turner]], ''[[A New Herbal (Turner)|The First and Seconde Partes of the Herbal ... with the Third Parte]]'' (Coloniae Agrippinae: Birckman) pars 1 p. 73 [http://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/turher/index.html Textus] [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A14059.0001.001 Recensio Michiganensium] }} * 1568 : {{ec|id=Epistula ad Monardem (1568)|c="Carta: al muy magnifico señor, mi señor Doctor Monardes, medico en Sevilla" (1568) in [[Nicolaus Monardes]], ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia|Segunda parte del libro des las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales]]'' {{Google Books|yP19XmWVSMwC|ff. 82r-83v}}}} * 1568 : {{ec|id=Dodonaeus (1568)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Florum et coronariarum odoratarumque nonnullarum herbarum historia''. Antverpiae: Plantin [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ryRhpBQMI5gC/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [http://docnum.u-strasbg.fr/cdm/ref/collection/coll13/id/89898 Textus] apud universitatem Argentoratensem [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_L5Y1sZFjYLYC/ Editio 2a 1569] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003131585 2a ed.]}} * 1568 : [[Georgius Vasarius|Giorgio Vasari]], ''Le vite de' piv eccellenti pittori, scvltori, et architettori''. Florentiae: I Giunti (editio aucta) [https://archive.org/details/levitedepiveccel01vasa Partes 1-2] [https://archive.org/details/levitedepiveccel02vasa pars 3 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/levitedepiveccel03vasa pars 3 vol. 2] * circa 1569 : [[Carolus Clusius]] et al., ''[[Libri picturati A 16-30|Libri picturati]]'' (manuscriptum) * ante 1569 : {{ec|id=Sahagún (ante 1569)|c=[[Bernardinus de Sahagun]], ''[[Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España]]'' (manuscriptum, ante 1585) lib. 10 f. 49r [https://www.wdl.org/es/item/10621/ quaere paginam 101] (Arthur J. O. Anderson, Charles E. Dibble, interprr., ''Bernardino de Sahagún: The Florentine Codex; General History of the Things of New Spain'' [University of Utah Press, 1950-1975. 12 partes]); cf. {{ec|id=Codices Matritenses|c=''Codices Matritenses'' apud {{qc|id=Durand-Forest (1967)}} [http://www.historicas.unam.mx/publicaciones/revistas/nahuatl/pdf/ecn07/092.pdf pp. 159-162] }}}} * 1569 : Casparus Wolphius, ''Euonymus. Conradi Gesneri medici et philosophi Tigurini [[de remediis secretis]] liber secundum; nunc primum opera et studio Caspari Wolphii medici, physici Tigurini in lucem editus'' (1569?) [https://bibulyon.hypotheses.org/17006 textus] * 1570 : [[Bartholomaeus Scappi|Bartolomeo Scappi]], ''Opera'' (Venetiis: Tramezzino, 1570) lib. 3 cap. 169-179 [https://archive.org/details/operavenetiascap00scap/page/n291/mode/2up ff. 139r-141v] * 1570 : {{ec|id=Matthiolus (1570)|c=[[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''Commentarii in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis'' (Venetiis: ex officina Valgrisiana) [https://archive.org/details/petriandreaemat01mattgoog/page/n468/mode/1up p. 305] ("Frumentum Indicum")}} * 1571 : [[Petrus Pena]], [[Matthias de Lobel]], ''Stirpium adversaria nova'' [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=4137 Textus]; anno 1576 titulo ''Nova stirpium adversaria'' [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125009313756 rursus edita] * 1571 : {{ec|id=Monardes (1571)|c=[[Nicolaus Monardes]], ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia|Segunda parte del libro des las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales]]'' {{Google Books|yP19XmWVSMwC|ff. 82r-83v}}}} * 1571 : {{ec|id=Ulloa (1571)|c= Alphonsus Ulloa, interpr.; [[Ferdinandus Columbus]], ''[[Historie (Ferdinandus Columbus)|Historie]]'' [https://archive.org/details/historiedelsdfer00coln Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1571 : {{ec|id=Ulloa (1571)|c= Alphonsus Ulloa, interpr.; [[Romanus Pané]], "[https://archive.org/stream/historiedelsdfer00coln#page/n295/mode/2up Scrittura di Fra Roman delle antichità degl'Indiani]" in [[Ferdinandus Columbus]], ''[[Historie (Ferdinandus Columbus)|Historie]]'' ff. 124v-145v}} * 1571 : {{ec|id=Matthiolus (1571)|c=[[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''Compendium de plantis omnibus, unà cum earum iconibus, de quibus scripsit suis in commentariis in Dioscoridem editis''. Venetiis [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209997 Textus] }} * 1571 : Hieremias Martius, interpr.; [[Iacobus Grevinus]], ''De venenis'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817822 Textus] * 1571 : [[Nicander Colophonius]], ''Theriaca'', ''Alexipharmaca'' in Hieremias Martius, interpr.; [[Iacobus Grevinus]], ''De venenis'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817822 Textus] * 1571 : [[Alphonsus de Molina|Alonso de Molina]], ''Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana'' (Mexicopoli: en casa de Antonio de Spinosa) [https://archive.org/details/vocabularioenlen00moli textus] * ante 1572 : {{ec|id=Felici (ante 1572)|c=[[Constantius Felici]], "De l'insalata e piante che in qualunque modo vengono per cibo de l'homo" (manu scriptum 1565-1572). Enzo Cecchini, Guido Arbizzoni et al., edd., ''Costanzo Felici Da Piobbico. Lettere sulle Insalate. Lectio Nona De Fungis'' (Urbini, 1977) [http://www.medievalcookery.com/helewyse/files/newworld.pdf vide p. 9]}} * 1572 : {{ec|id=Fragosus (1572)|c=[[Ioannes Fragosus]], ''[[Discursos de las cosas aromáticas|Discursos de las cosas aromáticas, árboles y frutales, y de otras muchas medicinas simples que se traen de la India Oriental, y siruen al uso de medicina]]'' (Matriti: Francisco Sánchez) {{Google Books|ZGpIEb3BRfAC|f. 25r}} "Flor del sol, gigantea, sol de las Indias" }} * 1572 : Henry Hawks in [[Ricardus Hakluytus|Richard Hakluyt]], ''[[Principal Navigations (Hakluytus)|The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation]]'' (1a ed. Londinii: George Bishop, 1589) [https://archive.org/details/cihm_35668/page/n820/mode/1up p. 547] (''sapotes'') * 1572 : Jean Des Moulins, interpr.; [[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus|Pierre André Matthiole]], ''[[Commentarii (Matthiolus)|Commentaires de M. Pierre André Matthiole médecin Senois sur les six livres de Ped. Dioscoride Anazarbéen de la matière médecinale''. Lugduni: Guillaume Rouille, 1572 {{Google Books|bMZCAAAAcAAJ|p. 342}} ("Poivre Indic") * 1573 : {{ec|id=Matthiolus (1573)|c=[[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''[[Commentarii (Matthiolus)|Commentarii ... di Pedacio Dioscoride Anazarbeo libri cinque della historia & materia medicinale]]'' (editio 1573) lib. 2 cap. 148 {{Google Books|w8JCAAAAcAAJ|p. 405}} sive et ''Commentarii in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de Materia Medica'' (editio 1574) lib. 2 cap. 153 [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000819257#page/433/mode/2up pp. 434-437]}} * 1573 : Thomas Tusser, ''Five Hundreth Points of Good Husbandry''. Londinii: Tottell, 1573 * 1573 : John Partridge, ''[[The Treasury of Hidden Secrets|The Treasurie of Commodious Conceits and Hidden Secrets]]''. Londinii: Richard Jones [http://www.medievalcookery.com/notes/treasurie.pdf Textus] * 1574 : {{ec|id=Monardes (1574)|c=[[Nicolaus Monardes]], ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia|Primera, segunda y tercera partes de la historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, que sirven en medicina]]'' {{Google Books|pEHeQNiTzA0C|f. 109v}}}} * 1574 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1574)|c=[[Nicolaus Monardes]]; [[Carolus Clusius]], interpr., ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia|De simplicibus medicamentis ex occidentali India delatis quorum in medicina usus est]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753003541627#page/71/mode/2up pp. 71-74] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003530810 2a ed. 1593]}} * 1574 : {{ec|id=Dodonaeus (1574)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Purgantium ...''. Antverpiae: Plantin [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753004146418 Textus]}} * 1575 : [[Andreas Thevetus|André Thevet]], ''La cosmographie universelle'' (Lutetiae: G. Chaudière, 1575) vol. 2 tom. 4 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8626691v/f1040 f. 938v-939r] * 1575 : {{ec|id=Fragosus (1575)|c=[[Ioannes Fragosus]], ''De succedaneis medicamentis liber denuo auctus''. Mantuae ''[https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00000717-001 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1575 : ''[[A Proper New Book of Cookery|A Proper New Booke of Cookery]]''. Londinii: William How [http://www.medievalcookery.com/notes/pnboc1575.txt editio interretialis]; cf. 1545 * 1575 : Leonard Mascall, ''A booke of the arte and maner how to plant and graffe all sortes of trees, how to set stones, and sowe pepins, to make wylde trees to graffe on ...'' Londinii: John Wight [https://archive.org/details/bookeartmanerho00masc Editio 1582] * 1575 : Iohannes Fridericus Gronovius, ''Flora orientalis, sive recensio plantarum quas ... Leonhardus Rauwolffus ... annis 1573-1575 in Syria, Arabia ... collegit''. Lugduni Batavorum: de Groot, 1755 {{Google Books|t0VcAAAAcAAJ}} * 1575 : Lorenzo Pérez, ''Libro de Theriaca''. Toleti: en casa de Juan de Ayala {{Google Books|su-ali2ldtEC|pp. 285-286}} ("pimiento de las Indias, siliquastro, capsico") * ante 1576 : [[Gerardus Cibo]], ''Codices botanici'' [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_22332 vol. 1] [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_22333 vol. 2] * 1576 : [[Matthias de Lobel]], ''Plantarum seu stirpium historia'' [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125009313699 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003488167 Textus] * 1576 : [[Reginaldus Scot|Reginald Scot]], ''A Perfite Platforme of a Hoppe Garden''. Londinii: Henrie Denham [http://www.loc.gov/item/2004574086/ Textus] * 1576 : [[Carolus Clusius]], ''Rariorum aliquot stirpium per Hispanias ...'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot33768000399827/page/n2 Textus] * ante 1577 : {{ec|id=Damascenus|c={{Creanda|el|Δαμασκηνός Στουδίτης|Damascenus Studites}}, ''Sermones'' 14 ("σφουγγᾶτον")}} * 1577 : [[Thomas Hyll]], ''The Gardener’s Labyrinth''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/CAT10889940 Textus] * 1577 : [[Raphael Holinshed]], ''[[Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland]]''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/firstevolumeofch01wolf vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/firstevolumeofch02wolf vol. 2] * 1577 : John Frampton, interpr.; [[Nicolaus Monardes]], ''Ioyfull newes out of the newe founde worlde''. Londinii {{Google Books|OatkAAAAcAAJ| editio 1580}} [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000810678 editio 1596] * 1578 : [[Ioannes Lerius|Jean Léry]], ''[[Historia navigationis in Brasiliam|Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil]]'' (Rupellae: Antoine Chuppin) [https://archive.org/details/histoiredunvoyag01lryj Textus] * 1578 : Urbanus Calveto, interpr.; [[Hieronymus Benzo|Girolamo Benzoni]], ''[[Novae Novi orbis historiae|Novae Novi orbis historiae, id est, rerum ab Hispanis in India occidentali hactenus gestarum, et acerbo illorum in eas gentes dominatu, libri tres]]'' (Genavae) [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/titleinfo/1752097 Textus] * 1578 : {{ec|id=C. Acosta (1578)|c=[[Christophorus Acosta]], ''[[Aromatum et medicamentorum in orientali India nascentium historia|Tractado delas drogas y medicinas de las Indias Orientales]]'' [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=4587 Textus]}} * 1578 : {{ec|id=Lyte (1578)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]]; [[Henricus Lyte|Henry Lyte]], interpr., ''A Niewe Herball, or historie of plantes''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000811155/page/467/mode/2up p. 467] }} [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000811148 Editio 1586] * c. 1580 : [[Prosper Alpinus]]: vide 1735 * 1580 : {{ec|id=Dodonaeus (1580)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''[[Historia vitis vinique|Historia vitis vinique et stirpium nonnullarum aliarum]]''. Coloniae {{Google Books|EBBO60Ljh9sC}}}} * 1580 : ''Pharmacopoea seu de usitatiorum medicamentorum componendorum ratione liber''. Bergomi {{Google Books|XnZVAAAAcAAJ}} * post 1580 : {{ec|id=O'Brian et al. (1996)|c=''[[Histoire naturelle des Indes]]'' (manuscriptum) in Patrick O'Brian et al., ''The Drake Manuscript'' (Londinii: André Deutsch, 1996)}} * ante 1581 : {{ec|id=Duran (ante 1581)|c= [[Didacus Duran]], ''[[Codex Duran|Historia de las Indias de Nueva-España y islas de Tierra Firme]]'' (Mexicopoli, 1867-1880) vol. 1 [https://archive.org/stream/historiadelasind01dur#page/210/mode/2up p. 211] etc.}} * 1581 : [[Alexander Traianus Petronius]], ''De victu Romanorum et de sanitate tuenda'' (1581) {{Google Books|0UtBAAAAcAAJ|in indice}} * 1581 : [[Matthias de Lobel]], ''Kruydtboeck'' * 1581-1592 : [[Augerius Gislenius Busbequius]], ''[[Legationis Turcicae epistolae|Itinera Constantinopolitanum et Amasianum]]'' (= ''Legationis Turcicae epistolae'' I-II) {{Google Books|nv0QS19NhJEC|Editio 1581}} {{Google Books|AMXFsrOw1zcC|Editio 1582}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nv0QS19NhJEC Textus apud archive.org]; ''[[Legationis Turcicae epistolae|Legationis Turcicae epistolae quatuor]]'' (editio perfecta, 1595) [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenahist/autoren/busbecq_hist.html Textus] apud [[CAMENA]]m * 1582 : {{ec|id=Donno, ed. (1976)|c=Richard Madox, Ephemeris (Elizabeth Story Donno, ed., ''An Elizabethan in 1582: the diary of Richard Madox, Fellow of All Souls'' [Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1976] p. 176)}} * 1582 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1582)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], ''Aliquot notae in Garciae Aromatum historiam; Descriptiones nonnullarum stirpium, et aliarum exoticarum rerum, quae à ... Francisco Drake ... observatae sunt'' (Antverpiae: Plantin) [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/nagezh/content/pageview/9431392 Textus] pp. 28-30 {{Google Books|sF5WAAAAcAAJ}}}} * 1582 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1582)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], interpr., ''[[Aromatum et medicamentorum in orientali India nascentium historia|Christophori a Costa ... Aromatum et medicamentorum in Orientali India nascentium liber]]'' (Antverpiae: Plantin) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000812856 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003634646 2a ed. 1593]}} * 1582 : [[Nicolaus Praepositus]], ''Dispensarium Nicolai Praepositi ad aromatarios''; [[Matthaeus Platearius|Platearius]] vulgo ''[[Circa instans]]'' nuncupatus [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_pharma_res011020 Textus] [https://www.arlima.net/mp/nicole_prevost.html De Nicolao Praeposito] * 1582-1583 : [[Leonhartus Rauwolfius]], ''Aigentliche Beschreibung der Raiß, so er vor diser Zeit gegen Auffgang inn die Morgenländer ... selbs volbracht''. Laugingen: Rainmichel, Willers [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10901685_00005.html Impressum 1582] [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10206788_00005.html Impressum 1583] * 1583 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1583)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], ''Rariorum aliquot stirpium per Pannoniam ...''. Antverpiae [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000811379 Textus]}} * 1583 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1583)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], interpr.; [[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Stirpium historiae pemptades sex''. Antverpiae [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817947 Textus] [https://archive.org/stream/hin-wel-all-00000420-001#page/n289/mode/2up p. 263] "Chrysanthemum Peruvianum" [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817939 Editio 1616]}} * 1583 : {{ec|id=Caesalpinus (1583)|c=[[Andreas Caesalpinus]], ''De plantis libri XVI'' (Florentiae) {{Google Books|Iw2Z4FlnR2YC}} [https://archive.org/details/deplantislibrixv00cesa Textus]}} * ante 1584 : {{ec|id=Díaz (ante 1584)|c=[[Bernardus Díaz del Castillo]], ''[[Historia verdadera (Díaz)|La historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España]]'' (manuscriptum, ante 1584) cap. 83 [http://www.rae.es/sites/default/files/Aparato_de_variantes_Historia_verdadera_de_la_conquista_de_la_Nueva_Espana.pdf p. 254 editionis interretialis Serés]}} * 1584 : [[Ioannes Baptista Rossetti|Giovan Battista Rossetti]], ''Dello scalco''. Ferrariae [https://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Rossetti%20-%20Dello%20scalco.pdf Textus] * 1584 : A. W., ''[[A Book of Cookery (A. W.)|A Book of Cookrye]]''; cf. 1591 * 1584-1598 : [[Gulielmus Bouchet|Guillaume Bouchet]], ''Les serées''. 3 voll. Pictaviae, Lutetiae, 1584-1598 [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00000003-001 vol. 1 ed. 1585] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k87071084 alia] [https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001102193823 vol. 1 ed. 1586] [https://archive.org/details/premierliuredess00bouc vol. 1 ed. 1608] [https://archive.org/details/secondliuredesse00bouc vol. 2 ed. 1608] [https://archive.org/details/troisiesmeliured00bouc vol. 3 ed. 1598] [vol. 3 ed. 1608] * 1585 : {{ec|id=Mendoza (1585)|c={{Creanda|en|Juan González de Mendoza|Ioannes Consalvus Mendoza|Juan González de Mendoza}}, ''Historia de las cosas mas notables, ritos y costumbres, del gran reyno dela China'' (Romae: a costa de Bartholome Grassi) [https://archive.org/details/historiadelascos00gonz/page/6/mode/2up p. 7]. Versio Latina: ''Nova et succincta, vera tamen historia de amplissimo potentissimoque ... regno China'' (Francofurdi ad Moenum, 1589) [https://archive.org/details/nouaetsuccinctav00gonz/page/n39/mode/2up p. 36]}} * 1585 : "De gallinacei generis totius in cibis usu" in [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Historiae animalium liber III'' (Francofurdi, 1585) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OKGaf7B1PFsC/page/n411/mode/1up pp. 403-408] * 1585 : {{ec|id=Durante (1585)|c={{Creanda|en|Castore Durante|Castor Durante}}, ''Herbario nuovo'' [http://dfg-viewer.de/show/?tx_dlf%5Bid%5D=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de%2Foai%2F%3Fverb%3DGetRecord%26metadataPrefix%3Dmets%26identifier%3D2434775&tx_dlf%5Bpage%5D=5&tx_dlf%5Bdouble%5D=0&cHash=070eae8db1735f8b28140bb175c89ce8 Editio 1602] [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_v7cQtey_AvwC Editio 1617] apud ''Internet Archive'' [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=4714 Editio 1617]}} * 1585/1587 : [[Thomas Dawson]], ''[[The Good Housewife's Jewel]]''; cf. 1596 * 1586 : [[Renatus de Goulaine de Laudonnière|René de Goulaine de Laudonnière]], ''L'histoire notable de la Floride située ès Indes Occidentales''. Lutetiae: chez Guillaume Auvray [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100828509 Textus] apud ''Hathi Trust'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86107660?rk=64378;0 Textus] apud ''Gallica'' * 1586: Urbanus Calveto, interpr.; [[Ioannes Lerius]], ''[[Historia navigationis in Brasiliam]]'' (Genavae: Eustathius Vignon) [https://archive.org/stream/historianauigati00lryj#page/154/mode/2up pp. 155-156] [https://archive.org/stream/historianavigati00lryj#page/154/mode/2up 2a ed.] * 1586 : {{Creanda|en|Castore Durante|Castor Durante}}, ''Il tesoro della sanità'' [https://archive.org/details/iltesorodellasa01duragoog Editio 1596] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1586 : {{ec|id=Dalecampius et al. (1586)|c=[[Iacobus Dalecampius]]; Gulielmus Rouillius, ed., ''Historia generalis plantarum''. Lugduni {{Google Books|eP5u41mhCRoC|pars prima}} {{Google Books|ZGuAqsKxwNkC|pars altera}}}} * 1586 : {{ec|id=Camerarius (1586)|c=[[Ioachimus Camerarius (iunior)|Ioachimus Camerarius]], ed.; [[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''De plantis epitome utilissima ... diligenter aucta'' [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00089694/image_1 Textus]}} * 1586 : {{ec|id=Camerarius (1586)|c=[[Ioachimus Camerarius (iunior)|Ioachimus Camerarius]], interpr.; [[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''[[Commentarii (Matthiolus)|Kreutterbuch]]'' [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0009/bsb00091089/images/ Textus]}} * 1586 : [[Iacobus Pons|Jacques Pons]] vel Pontius,<ref>"Pons" et "Pontius" [https://archive.org/details/denimislicentio00ponsgoog/ hic inter paginas praeliminares reperiuntur</ref> ''Sommaire traitté des melons''. Lugduni: Rigaud [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1519308s?rk=42918;4 Textus] * 1587 : William Harrison, "The Description of England" in [[Raphael Holinshed]], ''[[Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland]]'' (2a ed. Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/firstsecondvolum00holi Textus] * 1588 : ''The Good Hous-wives Treasurie''. Londinii: Edwarde Allde, 1588 * 1588 : Walter Bayley, ''A short discourse of the three kindes of peppers in common use''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1475-1640_a-short-discourse-of-the_bailey-walter_1588/ textus]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1475-1640_a-short-discourse-of-the_bailey-walter_1588_0/ alius]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A01847.0001.001 recensio interretialis]; [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/grgg8b2w/items De auctore] * 1588 : {{ec|id=Hariot (1588)|c=[[Thomas Hariot]], ''A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia, of the commodities there found and to be raysed ...''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/abriefeandtruer00harigoog/page/n24 Textus editionis fac-simile 1903]; [https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=etas Recensio interretialis]; [https://archive.org/details/briefetruereport00harr/page/n9 Textus editionis illustratae 1590 Francofurti ad Moenum impressae]}} * 1588 : [[Iulianus Palmarius]], ''[[De vino et pomaceo]]''. Parisiis: apud Guillelmum Auvray [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00002644-001 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1588 : {{ec|id=Bigges (1588)|c=Walterus Bygges, ''Expeditio Francisci Draki equitis Angli in Indias Occidentales anno MDLXXXV''. Leydae: apud Fr. Raphelengium [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbdk.d020 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/narrationesduadm00bigg Editio 1590] [http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/bigges/ Editio interretialis] [http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/latinlibrary/biggs.html Editio] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]'' }}; [https://archive.org/details/levoyagedemessir00bigg versio Francogallica 1588]; [https://archive.org/details/relationoderbesc00bigg Versio Theodisca 1589]; [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbdk.d022 Versio Anglica 1589] * 1588 : {{ec|id=Camerarius (1588)|c=[[Ioachimus Camerarius (iunior)|Ioachimus Camerarius]], ''Hortus medicus et philosophicus'' (Francofurti ad Mœnum: apud Iohannem Feyerabend) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223341#page/131/mode/1up pp. 110-111] }} * 1589 : [[Carolus Clusius]], interpr.; [[Petrus Bellonius]], ''Plurimarum singularium et memorabilium rerum observationes''. Antverpiae, 1589 [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00001827-001 Textus apud archive.org] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k536173 Textus apud gallica] * 1589 : Walter Bygges; Thomas Cates, ed., ''A Summarie and True Discourse of Sir Frances Drakes West Indian Voyage wherein were taken the townes of Saint Iago, Sancto Domingo, Cartagena and Saint Augustine''. Londinii: Roger Ward [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbdk.d022 Textus] (cf. 1588) * 1589 : [[Carolus Clusius]], interpr.; [[Petrus Bellonius]], ''De neglecta stirpium cultura atque earum cognitione libellus'' {{Google Books|VCM6AAAAcAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00001827-002 Textus apud archive.org] * 1589 : [[Ricardus Hakluytus|Richard Hakluyt]], ''[[Principal Navigations (Hakluytus)|The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation]]'' (1a ed. Londinii: George Bishop, 1589) [https://archive.org/details/cihm_35668 Textus] * 1589 : ''Ephemeris expeditionis Norreysii & Draki in Lusitaniam''. Londinii, 1589 [https://archive.org/details/ephemerisexpedit00unse Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://archive.org/details/narrationesduadm00bigg editio 1590] * ante 1590 : [[Carolus Clusius]], Esaya le Gillon, ''[[Codex Clusii|Icones fungorum in Pannoniis observatorum]]'' (manuscriptum) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7131#/summary Textus] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30616#page/297/mode/1up Editio fac-simile 1900] * 1590 : {{ec|id=Acosta (1590)|c=[[Iosephus de Acosta]], ''[[Naturalis et moralis Indiae Occidentalis historia|Historia natural y moral de las Indias]]''. Hispali: en casa de Juan de Leon [https://archive.org/details/historianaturaly00acos_2 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/historianatural01acosrich Editio 1894]}} * 1590 : [[Thomas Hariot]]; [[Carolus Clusius]], interpr.; [[Theodorus de Bry]], ed., ''[[America (series librorum)|Admiranda narratio fida tamen, de commodis et incolarum ritibus Virginiae]]''. Francofurti ad Moenum [https://archive.org/details/admirandanarrati00harr Textus] [https://archive.org/details/Wunderbarliched00BryT Editio Theodisca 1593] * 1590 : {{ec|id=Camerarius (1590)|c=[[Ioachimus Camerarius (iunior)|Ioachim Camerarius]], ''[[Symbolorum et emblematum centuriae|Symbolorum et emblematum ex re herbaria desumtorum centuria una]]'' [https://archive.org/details/symbolorvmetembl01came f. 59] (no. 49) "Chrysanthemum Perunianum, planta maxima, flos solis"}} * 1590 : {{ec|id=Tabernaemontanus (1590)|c=[[Iacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus]], ''[[Eicones plantarum seu stirpium]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/Eiconesplantaru00Theo#page/858/mode/2up p. 859]}} * c. 1590 : [[Abū al-Faḍl al-Mubārak]], ''[[Āīn-i-Akbarī]]'' (H. Blochmann, H. S. Jarrett, interprr., ''The Aín i Akbari by Abul Fazl Allámi'' [Calcuttae: Asiatic Society, 1873-1894] [https://archive.org/details/ainiakbari00jarrgoog vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog 2] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46757 3]) * 1591 : [[Matthias de Lobel]], ed., ''Icones stirpium seu plantarum tam exoticarum quam indigenarum''. Antverpiae: Plantin [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/9308 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000812435 alibi] * 1591 : {{ec|id=Cardenas (1591)|c=[[Ioannes de Cardenas|Juan de Cárdenas]], ''Primera parte de los problemas y secretos maravillosos de las Indias'' (Mexicopoli) [https://archive.org/stream/primerapartedelo00cr#page/112/mode/2up pp. 113-115 editionis 1913]}} * 1591 : [[Philippus Pigafetta]], ''Relatione del reame di Congo et delle circonvicine contrade, tratta dalli scritti & ragionamenti di Odoardo Lopez''. Romae: Bartolomeo Grassi {{Google Books|-aurfsHGclwC}} [https://archive.org/details/regnvmcongohoces00piga_2 versio Latina 1598] * 1591 : [[Iacobus Le Moyne de Morgues]]; [[Theodorus de Bry]], ed., ''[[America (series librorum)|Brevis narratio eorum quae in Florida Americae provicia Gallis acciderunt, secunda in illam navigatione duce Renato de Laudoniere... anno MDXIV, quae est secunda pars Americae]]''. Francofurti ad Moenum [https://archive.org/details/brevisnarratio00debry Textus apud ''Internet Archive''] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k109491c?rk=42918;4 Textus] apud ''Gallica'' * 1591 : {{ec|id=Hortop (1591)|c=Job Hortop, ''The Travailes of an English Man''. Londinii, 1591 [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A03702.0001.001 editio interretialis]}} * 1591 : A. W., ''[[A Book of Cookery (A. W.)|A Book of Cookrye]]''. 2a ed. Londinii: Edward Allde, 1591 (prima editio, 1584) [http://jducoeur.org/Cookbook/Cookrye.html Textus] ("To make Farts of Portingale") * 1591 : [[Gao Lian]], ''[[Commentarii octo de vitae principiis]]'' (遵生八牋) (Sumei Yi, Eugene Anderson, interprr., "[https://www.happygoatproductions.com/blog/2015/8/26/guest-blog-a-translation-by-sumei-yi-edited-by-eugene-anderson-of-gao-lians-writings-on-food-and-drink Gao Lian (Ming dynasty): Essays on Drinks and Delicacies for Medicinal Eating]". 2008/2015) * ante 1592 : [[Augerius Gislenius Busbequius]], ''[[Epistolarum legationis Gallicae libri II|Epistolae ad Rudolphum II Imperatorem e Gallia scriptae]]'' (= ''Epistolarum legationis Gallicae'' liber I) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6434677v Editio 1630] {{Google Books|n_9GAAAAcAAJ|Editio 1631}}; ''[[Epistolarum legationis Gallicae libri II]]'' (editio perfecta, 1632) {{Google Books|OqDGk6ENA4YC}} * 1593 : [[Carolus Clusius]], interpr.; [[Iosephus de Acosta]], ''[[Naturalis et moralis Indiae Occidentalis historia]]'' (2a ed., cf. 1582); [[Nicolaus Monardes]], ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex Novo Orbe delatorum historia]]'' (3a ed.) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003634646/page/386/mode/2up pp. 386-389] ("Capsicum hoc, seu piper Indicum (Americanum potius) ... Memini etiam videre anno 1585 ... Sed et haec omnia genera aliquando vidi colore flavescente, in Lusitania, monasterio quodam circa Olysiponem. Aliud capsici genus observavi in nonnullis Lusitaniae locis ... illi vocant pimienta de Bresil ...") * 1593 : Marco Bussato, ''Giardino di agricoltura'' [https://archive.org/details/giardinodiagric00buss Textus] * 1594 : Laurentius Scholzius, ''Catalogus arborum, fruticum ac plantarum, tam indigenarum quam exoticarum, horti medici D. Laurentii Scholzii'' (Vratislaviae, 1594) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k851094q/f10.item s.v.] * 1594 : ''[[The Good Housewife's Handmaid for the Kitchen|The Good Huswifes Handmaide for the Kitchin]]'' (Londinii: Richard Jones, 1594) [https://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/ghhk/ Textus] * 1594 : {{Creanda|en|John Norden|Ioannes Norden|John Norden}}, ''Speculi Britanniae pars: an historical and chorographical description of the county of Essex'' ([[Henricus Ellis|Henry Ellis]], ed., ''Speculi Britanniae pars''. Londinii: Camden Society, 1840 {{Google Books|bc0_AAAAcAAJ}} * ante 1595 : {{ec|id=Recchus (ante 1595)|c=[[Franciscus Hernandez]]; [[Nardus Antonius Recchus]], scriba, ''[[Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus|De materia medica Novae Hispaniae, Philippi Secundi Hispaniarum ac Indiarum regis invictissimi iussu]]'' (manuscriptum, ante 1595) [https://archive.org/stream/demateriamedican00hern#page/n101 Textus]}} * 1595 : [[Iohannes Hugonis Linscotanus|Jan Huygen van Linschoten]], ''Reys-gheschrift vande navigatien der Portugaloysers in Orienten''. Amstelodami: Cornelis Claesz. {{Google Books|bbVOAAAAcAAJ}} * 1595-1600 : {{Creanda|en|Thomas Platter the Younger|Thomas Platerus (medicus)}}, ''Itinera''. [https://www.e-manuscripta.ch/bau/doi/10.7891/e-manuscripta-18678 Textus libri manuscripti] Editiones: Hans Hecht, ed., ''Thomas Platters des Jüngeren Englandfahrt im Jahre 1599''. Halle, 1929. Rut Keiser, ed., "[https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?rid=bzg-002:1963:63::94#94 Aus dem Tagebuch von Thomas Platter dem Jüngeren]" in ''Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde'' vol. 63. (1963) pp. 75–111 Rut Keiser, ed., ''Thomas Platter d. J.: Beschreibung der Reisen durch Frankreich, Spanien, England und die Niederlande (1595-1600)''. 2 voll. Basileae: Schwabe, 1968. Versiones: ''Félix et Thomas Platter à Montpellier 1552-1559--1595-1599: notes de voyage de deux étudiants Bâlois''. Monspessulani: Société de Bibliophiles de Montpellier, 1892 [https://archive.org/details/flixetthomaspla00platgoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' Clare Williams, interpr., ''Thomas Platter's Travels in England''. Londinii: Cape, 1937. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.506933 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' Seán Jennett, interpr., ''Journal of a Younger Brother: the life of Thomas Platter as a medical student in Montpellier''. Londinii. Muller, 1963. Ludovic Legré; M. Kieffer, interpr., ''La Botanique en Provence au XVIe siècle: Félix et Thomas Platter, avec extraits relatifs à la Provence des mémoires de Félix et de Thomas Platter''. Marseille: Aubertin & Rolle, 1900 [https://archive.org/details/labotaniqueenpr00legr Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1596 : [[Iohannes Hugonis Linscotanus|Jan Huygen van Linschoten]], ''Itinerario, Voyage ofte schipvaert''. Amstelodami: Cornelis Claesz. {{Google Books|UbVOAAAAcAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/itinerariovoyage00lins Textus] [https://archive.org/details/andertheilderori00lins_0 versio pars 2 1598] [https://archive.org/details/drittertheilindi00lins_0 versio pars 3 1599] [https://archive.org/details/vierdertheildero00lins_0 versio pars 4 1600] [https://archive.org/details/quintaparsindiae00neck_0 versio pars 5] * 1596 : Walter Raleigh, ''The Discoverie of Guiana''. 1596 {{Google Books|UKsyAQAAMAAJ|p. 95}} ("All places yeilde ... Indian pepper"); Thomas Masham, "The third voyage set forth by Sir Walter Ralegh to Guiana" (Hakluyt 2a ed. p. 675) ("West Indian pepper") * 1596 : {{ec|id=Baccius (1596)|c=[[Andreas Baccius]], ''[[De naturali vinorum historia]]''. Romae: ex officina Nicholai Mutii [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10148134-6 Textus apud MDZ] {{Google Books|H31DAAAAcAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RPdmcHgp1QEC/page/n321/mode/2up p. 299]}} * 1596 : {{ec|id=Bauhinus (1596)|c=[[Casparus Bauhinus]], ''[[Phytopinax]]''. Basileae: per Sebastianum Henricpetri [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000815909#page/154/mode/2up pp. 155-156]}} * 1596 : {{ec|id=Li (1596)|c={{Creanda|en|Li Shizhen|Li Shizhen}}, ''{{Creanda|en|Compendium of Materia Medica|Compendium materiae medicae|Bencao gangmu}}'' (vide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} pp. 40-45)}} * 1596 : [[Thomas Dawson]], ''[[The Good Housewife's Jewel|The Good Huswifes Jewell]]'' [http://www.medievalcookery.com/notes/ghj1596.txt editio interretialis]; cf. 1585 * ante 1597 : [[Hieronymus de Mendieta|Gerónimo de Mendieta]], ''Historia eclesiástica indiana'' ([[Joaquín García Icazbalceta]],<ref>[https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/45647920.pdf vita et bibliographia</ref> ed. Mexicopoli: Antigua Libreria, 1870) {{Google Books|e0Aa0Glxa6UC|pp. 68, 257, 508}} * 1597 : ''The Second Part of the Good Hus-wives Jewell''. Londinii: Edward White, 1597 [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/cg64by9v Catalogus] * 1597 : {{ec|id=Gerard (1597)|c=[[Iohannes Gerardus|John Gerard]], ''[[Herbal (Gerard)|The Herball, or generall historie of plantes]]''. Londinii: John Norton [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/51606#/summary Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817749 Textus]}} * 1597/1626 : {{ec|id=McClure, ed. (1939)|c=[[Ioannes Chamberlain]], epistolae (N. E. McClure, ed., ''The Letters of John Chamberlain''. 2 voll. Philadelphiae: American Philosophical Society, 1939 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.32106005854481 1] [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.32106005854473 2]) }} * ante 1598 : [[Ferdinandus Alvarado Tezozómoc|Hernando Alvarado Tezozómoc]], ''Crónica Mexicana'' (c. 1598) (Mexicopoli: Editorial Leyenda, 1944) [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/cronica-mexicana-escrita-hacia-el-ano-de-1598-929707/ Textus] * 1598 : {{ec|id=Camerarius (1598)|c=[[Ioachimus Camerarius (iunior)|Ioachimus Camerarius]], ''Hortus medicus et philosophicus, in quo plurimarum stirpium breves descriptiones, novae icones non paucae, indicationes locorum natalium, observationes de cultura earum peculiares, atque insuper nonnulla remedia euporista, nec non philologica quaedam continentur'' [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00087678/image_1 Textus]}} * 1598 : {{ec|id=Bauhinus (1598)|c=[[Casparus Bauhinus]], ed.; [[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''Petri Andreae Matthioli Opera quae extant omnia: hoc est, commentarii in VI libros Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei De medica materia, adiectis in margine variis Graeci textus lectionibus ... De ratione distillandi ... Apologia in Amatum Lusitanum ... Epistolarum medicinalium libri quinque ... Dialogus de morbo Gallico''. Francofurti {{Ling|Latine}} [https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/search?oclcno=634151153&db=100 Textus]}} * 1598 : G. M. A. W. L. [Willem Lodewycksz.], ''D'eerste boeck: Historie van Indien, waer inne verhaelt is de avonturen die de Hollandtsche schepen bejeghent zijn''. Amstelredam: Cornelis Claesz., 1598; [https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=SLNSW_ALMA21113062670002626&context=L&vid=SLNSW&lang=en_US&tab=default_tab Textus] (-- G. P. Rouffaer, J. W. Ijzerman, edd., ''De eerste schipvaart der Nederlanders naar Oost-Indië onder Cornelis de Houtman'' (Hagae Comitum: Martinus Nijhoff, 1915 [https://archive.org/details/deeersteschipvaa01rouf/page/34/mode/2up pp. 32], [https://archive.org/details/deeersteschipvaa01rouf/page/157/mode/2up 146 cum nota subiuncta]); ''Prima pars Descriptionis itineris navalis in Indiam orientalem'' (Amstelrodami, 1598) {{Google Books|UNtOAAAAcAAJ|ff. 10r, 38v}}; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11196770 aliud exemplar] * 1598-1600 : [[Ricardus Hakluytus|Richard Hakluyt]], ''[[Principal Navigations (Hakluytus)|The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation]]'' (2a ed. Londinii: George Bishop, 1598-1600) [https://archive.org/details/principalnavigat1and2hakl voll. 1-2] [https://archive.org/details/cihm_94220 vol. 3] [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A02495.0001.001 editio interretialis] * ante 1599 : ''[[Naturstudien]]'' (manuscriptum) [http://data.onb.ac.at/rec/AC14451685 Series imaginum] * 1599 : [[Iohannes Hugonis Linscotanus]], ''Navigatio ac itinerarium Iohannis Hugonis Linscotani in orientalem sive Lusitanorum Indiam''. Hagae Comitum, 1599 [https://archive.org/details/Nauigatio-ac-itinerarium-Iohannis-Hugonis-Linscotani-in-orientalem-siue-Lusitanoru-PHAIDRA_o_386621/page/n6/mode/1up Textus] * 1599 : [[Iohannes Gerard]], ''Catalogus arborum, fruticum, ac plantarum tam indigenarum, quam exoticarum, in horto Johannis Gerardi civis et chirurgi Londinensis nascentium'' {{Google Books|RcIYAAAAIAAJ|Textus editionis fac-simile 1962}} * c. 1600 : [[Anselmus De Boodt]], Album quadripedum [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-T-BR-2017-1-2 Textus] [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/press/press-releases/tefafs-top-masterpiece-to-the-rijksmuseum De collectu] * ante 1600 : [[Ioannes Victorius Soderini]], ''Trattato di agricoltura'' [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WFYxxvLvl6cC Editio 1850] * ante 1600 : [[Ioannes Victorius Soderini]], ''Della cultura degli orti e giardini'' in Giuseppe Sarchiani, ed., ''Della cultura degli orti e giardini: trattato di Giovanvettorio Soderini'' (Florentiae, 1814) [https://archive.org/details/dellaculturadegl00sode Textus] * ante 1600 : [[Ioannes Victorius Soderini]], ''Trattato degli animali domestici'' in Alberto Bacchi della Lega, ed., ''Il trattato degli animali domestici di Giovanvettorio Soderini'' (Bononiae, 1907) [https://archive.org/details/iltrattatodegli00sodegoog Textus] * 1600 : [[Ioannes Victorius Soderini]], ''Trattato della coltivazione delle viti''. Florentiae: Giunti [https://archive.org/stream/trattatodellacol00sode#page/n195 Editio 1806] * 1600 : [[Olivarius de Serres|Olivier de Serres]], ''[[Le Théâtre d'agriculture|Le Theatre d'agriculture et mesnage de champs]]'' (Lutetiae) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1510895w/f167 Textus] == 1601-1650 == * 1601 : [[Iohannes Hugonis Linscotanus|Jan Huygen van Linschoten]], ''Voyagie, ofte schip-vaert ... van by Noorden ...'' [https://archive.org/details/itinerariovoyage00lins Textus] * 1601 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1601)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], ''[[Rariorum plantarum historia]]'' (Antverpiae, 1601) [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000810538#page/n577/mode/2up appendix p. ccii]}} * 1601 : {{ec|id=Spachius (1601)|c=[[Israel Spachius]], interpr.; [[Ioannes Fragosus]], ''Aromatum, fructuum et simplicium aliquot medicamentorum ex India utraque .. in Europam delatorum ... historia brevis''. Argentinae {{Google Books|0oo6AAAAcAAJ}}}} * circa 1602 : {{ec|id=Champlain (c. 1602)|c=[[Samuel Champlain]], ''Brief Discours des choses plus remarquables que Sammuel Champlain de Brouage a reconneues aux Indes Occidentalles'' in C.-H. Laverdière, ed., ''Oeuvres de Champlain'' vol. 1 (Quebeci, 1870) [https://archive.org/stream/uvresdechamplai01cham#page/n91/mode/2up Textus] [https://archive.org/details/narrativeofvoyag00chamrich Versio Anglica 1859]}} * 1603 : {{ec|id=Champlain (1603)|c=[[Samuel Champlain]], ''Des Sauvages, ou Voyage de Samuel Champlain de Brouage'' (Lutetiae) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8626417m/f1.image Textus]}} * 1603 : {{ec|id=Vocabulario (1603)|c=''Vocabulario da lingoa de Japam, com adeclaração em portugues, feito por alguns padres e irmaõs da Companhia de Jesu''. Em Nengasaqui [Nagasaki], 1603 [https://archive.org/details/nippojishovocabv06doit Exemplar mutuabile] }} * ante 1604 : [[Thomas Moffetus]]; ''[[Health's Improvement|Healths Improvement]]'' (Christopher Bennet, ed. Londinii: Samuel Thomson, 1655 [https://www.loc.gov/item/07018644/ Textus] [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A89219.0001.001 editio interretialis]) * 1604 : [[Lancelot de Casteau]], ''[[Ouverture de cuisine]]'' * 1604 : {{ec|id=Rios (1604)|c=[[Gregorius de los Ríos|Gregorio de los Rios]], ''Agricultura de iardines'' s.v. "pomates" {{Google Books|M6br_Cu7EZ4C|Fasciculus ultimus}}}} * 1604 : [[Iosephus de Acosta|José de Acosta]], Eduardus Grimston, interpr., ''[[Naturalis et moralis Indiae Occidentalis historia|The naturall and moral historie of the East and West Indies]]'' (Londinii, 1604) [https://archive.org/stream/naturallmoralhis00acos#page/n297/mode/2up pp. 270-273] * 1605 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1605)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], ''[[Exoticorum libri decem]]'' (Antverpiae) [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000811387#page/n69/mode/1up pp. 55-56]}} * 1605 : [[Garcias Lasus Inca|Inca Garcilaso de la Vega]], ''La Florida del Ynca''. Olisipone: Pedro Crasbeeck [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000012387 Textus]; [https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portales/inca_garcilaso_de_la_vega/su_obra_florida/ aliter] {{Google Books|ep3QmNeIcLoC}} * 1607 : Gianfranco Angelita, ''I pomi d'oro'' * 1607: John Nicholl, ''An Houre Glasse of Indian Newes''. London: Nathaniel Butter, 1607 {{Google Books|FajVAAAAMAAJ}} * 1608 : Diego González Holguín, ''Vocabulario dela lengua general de todo el Peru llamada lengua Qquichua, o del Inca''. Ciudad de los Reyes: por Francisco del Canto [https://archive.org/details/vocabulariodelal01gonz/page/n214/mode/1up p. 203], [https://archive.org/details/vocabulariodelal01gonz/page/n329/mode/2up 318], [https://archive.org/details/vocabulariodelal01gonz/page/350/mode/2up 350]; [https://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0033184.pdf aliud exemplar] ("llakhuani, llakhuaricupuni, rocoto, rokro, uchu") * 1608 : [[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Cruydt-boeck'' (nova editio). Lugduni Batavorum: Ravelingen, 1608 {{Google Books|IMdvUCbavCIC|pp. 1212-1214}}; eiusdem ''Cruydt boeck volgens sijne laetzte verbeteringhe''. Balthasar Moretus, 1644 {{Google Books|A49LAAAAcAAJ|pp. 1122-1126}} * 1609 : [[Marcus Lescarbot|Marc Lescarbot]], ''Histoire de la Nouvelle France, contenant les navigations, découvertes, et habitations faites par les François és Indes Occidentales et Nouvelle-France''. Lutetiae: Jean Milot [https://archive.org/details/lesmusesdelanouv00lesc/page/n273/mode/2up p. 213]; 3a ed. Lutetiae: Adrian Perier, 1617-1618 [https://archive.org/details/histoiredelanouu00lesc/page/930 p. 931] * 1609 : Juan Barrios, ''Libro en el cual se trata del chocolate''. Mexicopoli (de hoc libro vide {{qc|id=Pinelo (1636)}} f. 120r; [http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/ecn/v46/v46a3.pdf p. 70]) * 1609 : [[Ricardus Hakluytus|Richard Hackluyt]], interpr., ''Virginia richly valued, by the description of the maine land of Florida ... out of the foure yeeres continuall trauell ... of Don Ferdinando de Soto, and sixe hundred able men in his companie''. Londinii: Matthew Lownes; [https://archive.org/details/virginiarichlyva00knig/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [https://ota.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repository/xmlui/handle/20.500.12024/A12615 Recensio interretialis Oxoniensium] et [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A12615.0001.001/1:1?rgn=div1;view=fulltext Michiganensium] necnon [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/34997/34997-h/34997-h.htm incepti Gutenberg] {{Google Books|jD4VAAAAYAAJ|Reimpressio anni incerti}} * 1609-1617 : [[Garcias Lasus Inca]], ''[[Comentarios Reales de los Incas]]''. Olisipone: en la officina de Pedro Crasbeeck, 1609 [https://archive.org/details/primerapartedelo00vega pars 1]; [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_cRWQ_k1TXmUC pars 2]; [http://shemer.mslib.huji.ac.il/lib/W/ebooks/001531300.pdf recensio interretialis] <!-- standard title from part 2, f. 1 --> * c. 1610 : Reginaldo de Lizárraga, ''Descripción breve de toda la tierra del Perú, Rio de la Plata y Chile'' (Manuel Serrano y Sanz, ed., ''Historiadores de Indias'' vol. 2 [Matriti: Bailly, Baillière, 1909] [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei02serr_0/page/553/mode/1up p. 553]) ("ají") * 1611 : {{ec|id=Gregorius de Regio (1611)|c=[[Gregorius de Regio]], "[[De varietate capsicorum]]" in [[Carolus Clusius]], ''Curae posteriores'' [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_18RbAAAAQAAJ#page/n107/mode/2up pp. 95-108]}} * 1611 : [[Theodorus de Bry]], ed., ''Florilegium novum'' [https://archive.org/details/florilegiumnovu00bryj Textus] * 1611 : [[Randle Cotgrave]], ''[[A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues]]''. Londinii: Adam Islip [http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cotgrave/ Editio interretialis] * 1611 : Sebastián de Covarrubias Orozco, ''Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española''. Matriti: por Luis Sanchez {{Google Books|K10MJdL7pGIC|f. 588v}} ("Pimiento: una mata que echa cierta fruta colorada, y esta quema como pimienta, demanera que adereçandola con tostarla en el horno, suple por la pimienta") * 1612 : [[Paulus Hentznerus]], ''Itinerarium Germaniae, Galliae, Angliae, Italiae''. Norimbergae [https://archive.org/details/itinerariumgerma00hent Textus] * 1612 : {{ec|id=Champlain (1612)|c=[[Samuel Champlain]], "Carte géographique de la Nouvelle Franse faicte par le Sieur de Champlain Saint Tongois" [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53098793g/f1 imago]}} * c. 1613 : [[Martinus de Murua]], ''Historia general del Perú'' {{Google Books|069OAgAAQBAJ|lib. 1 cap. 7 et alibi}} ("axi") * 1613 : {{ec|id=Champlain (1613)|c=[[Samuel Champlain]], ''Les Voyages du Sieur de Champlain Xaintongeois'' (Lutetiae) [https://archive.org/details/lesvoyagesdusieu00cham Textus] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1094934/f1.image Textus]}} * 1613 : [[Basilius Besler]], ''[[Hortus Eystettensis|Hortus Eystettensis, sive Diligens et accurata omnium plantarum, florum, stirpium... quae in celeberrimis viridariis arcem episcopalem ibidem cingentibus, hoc tempore conspiciuntur, delineatio et ad vivum repraesentatio]]'' [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=1617 vol. 1] [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=1623 vol. 2] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/94396#/titles voll. 1-2 alio itinere] [https://archive.org/details/HortusEystettensisSiveDiligensEtAccurataOmniumPlantarumFlorumStirpium1613BasiliusBeslerIII vol. 1 alibi] * 1613 : [[Gervasius Markham]], ''The English Husbandman''. Londinii [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22973/22973-h/22973-h.htm Recensio interretialis] * 1613 : [[Ulysses Aldrovandus]]; Ioannes Cornelius Uterverius, Hieronymus Tamburinus, edd., ''De piscibus libri V, et De cetis lib. unus'' (Bononiae) [http://amshistorica.cib.unibo.it/diglib.php?inv=17 pp. 692-696] * 1614 : {{ec|id=Yi Su-gwang (1614)|c=[[Yi Su-gwang]], ''[[Variae commentationes Jibong]]'' (''Jibong yuseol'': vide {{qc|id=Dott (2020)}} p. 24) }} * 1614 : Diego Granado, ''Libro del arte de cozina''. Lerida: Manescal, 1614 [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00001044-001/ Textus] * 1615 : {{ec|id=Des Moulins (1615)|c=Jean Des Moulins, interpr.; [[Iacobus Dalecampius|Jacques Daléchamps]], ''Histoire générale des plantes''. Lugduni {{Google Books|QZgOp_vxrEkC|pars 1 pp. 538-539}} {{Google Books|tJRDAAAAcAAJ|pars altera}} }} * 1615 : {{ec|id=Ximenez (1615)|c=[[Franciscus Hernandez]]; Francisco Ximenez, interpr., ''[[Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus|Quatro libros de la naturaleza y virtudes de las plantas y animales que estan recevidos en el uso de medicina en la Nueva Espana]]'' (1615) lib. 2 cap. 3 [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/Libro.php?Libro=4961 ff. 72r-74r] {{Google Books|qQpFp_bImPMC}} {{GB|IRtmAAAAcAAJ|aliud exemplar}} }} * 1615 : [[Gervasius Markham]], ''Countrey Contentments ... [The English huswife]'' [https://archive.org/details/b30337628 Textus] * 1615 : [[Ioannes Murrell|I. M.]], ''A New Booke of Cookerie ... London Cookerie''. Londinii: John Browne, 1615 fol. B 8 [https://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/tx/1615murr.htm Editio interretialis] ("To make an oyster pye") * 1615 : [[Ioannes de Turrecremata|Juan de Torquemada]], ''[[Monarchia Indiana|Veinte y un libros rituales y monarchia Indiana]]''. 3 voll. Hispali: Matthias Clavijo, 1615 [https://archive.org/details/iaiiiapartedelos01torq vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/iaiiiapartedelos02torq 2] [https://archive.org/details/iaiiiapartedelos03torq 3] * 1615 : Ralph Hamor, ''A true discourse of the present estate of Virginia, and the successe of the affaires there till the 18 of June 1614'' (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/truediscourseofp00hamo_0/page/22/ p. 22 editionis 1626] ("pissmienplums in bygnes and fashion like a medlar, of a stypticke quality") * 1616 : [[Philippus Guamán Poma de Ayala]], ''[[El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno]]'' (manuscriptum) [http://www.kb.dk/permalink/2006/poma/info/en/frontpage.htm Recensio interretialis] * 1616 : [[Fabius Columna]], ''Minus cognitarum rariorumque nostro coelo orientium stirpium ecphrasis'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000810439 Textus] * 1616 : [[Martinus de Murua]], ''[[Historia general del Piru]]'' (manuscriptum) [http://www.getty.edu/publications/virtuallibrary/9780892368952.html Editio facsimile 2008] * 1617 : [[Ioannes Murrell|John Murrell]], ''A Daily Exercise for Ladies and Gentlewomen, whereby they may learne and practice the whole art of making pastes, preserves, marmalades, conserves, tartstuffes, gellies, breads, sucket-candies, cordiall waters, conceits in sugar-workes of severall kindes: as also to dry lemonds, orenges, or other fruits''. Londinii: The widow Helm [https://www.loc.gov/item/65059509/ Textus]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo2;idno=A07931.0001.001 editio interretialis] * 1618 : Bartolomé Marradón, ''Diálogos del uso del tabaco y los daños que causa ... y del chocolate y otras bebidas''. Sevilla: Gabriel Ramos [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822031019177;view=1up;seq=65 Versio Francogallica imperfecta, 1643] * 1618 : William Lawson, ''A New Orchard and Garden'' * 1619 : {{ec|id=Champlain (1619)|c=[[Samuel Champlain]], ''Voyages et descouvertures faites en la Nouvelle France'' (Lutetiae) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k8705145s Textus]}} * 1619 : [[Antonius de Remesal|Antonio de Remesal]], ''Historia de la Provincia de S. Vicente de Chiapa y Guatemala de la orden de nuestro glorioso padre Sancto Domingo'' (Matriti: Francisco de Angulo) [https://archive.org/details/historiadelaprov00reme textus] * 1620 : {{ec|id=Bauhinus (1620)|c=[[Casparus Bauhinus]], ''Prodromus Theatri botanici'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000495744 Textus] [http://www.botanicus.org/title/b11921341 pp. 90-91]}} * 1620 : Tobias Venner, ''Via recta ad vitam longam''. Londonii, 1620 (vide et 1638) * c. 1622 : [[Ioannes Smith (explorator)|Ioannes Smith]], ''The Historye of the Bermudaes or Summer Islands'' (manu scriptum, ed. J. Henry Lefroy. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1889 [https://archive.org/details/historyebermuda00unkngoog/ Textus] * 1623 : {{ec|id=Bauhinus (1623)|c=[[Casparus Bauhinus]], ''Pinax Theatri botanici''. Basileae: sumptibus Ludovici Regis [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000495769/page/101/mode/2up pp. 101-103]}} * 1623 : [[Gervasius Markham]], ''Countrey Contentments, or The English huswife'' (editio separata et aucta: olim pars secunda operis ''Countrey Contentments'', 1615) [https://digital.library.lse.ac.uk/objects/lse:heh898zor Textus] * 1623 : Pierre Vallet, ''Le Jardin du Roy tres chrestien, Loys XIII, Roy de France et de Navare'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003039788 Textus] * 1624 : [[Ioannes Smith (explorator)|Ioannes Smith]], ''[[The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles]]''. Londinii: Michael Sparkes, 1624 [https://archive.org/details/generallhistorie00smit_0/ Textus] * 1624 : [[Henricus Wotton|Henry Wotton]], ''[[The Elements of Architecture (Wotton)|The Elements of Architecture]]''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/architectureelem00wott Textus] * 1624 : Santiago Valverde Turices, ''Un Discurso del chocolate''. Seville (citatio verificanda) * 1625 : [[Franciscus Bacon|Francis Bacon]], "Of Gardens" in ''[[Essays or Counsels|The Essayes Or Counsels, Civill and Morall]". Londinii {{Google Books|JQwzAQAAMAAJ}} * 1625 : [[Ioannes de Laet]], ''Nieuwe wereldt, ofte Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien''. Lugduni Batavorum: Isaack Elzevier, 1625 {{Google Books|VtRIAAAAcAAJ|p. 5 et passim}}; eiusdem ''Novus orbis, seu Descriptionis Indiae Occidentalis libri XVIII'' (1633) [https://archive.org/details/novusorbisseudes00laet/page/7/mode/1up pp. 7, 280, 610] ("Axi") * 1626 : Philip Nichols; {{Creanda|en|Sir Francis Drake, 1st Baronet|Franciscus Drake (baronettus I)|Francis Drake (nepos)}}, ed., ''Sir Francis Drake revived''. Londinii: Bourne, 1626 [https://archive.org/details/sirfrancisdrakea00quin/page/n17/mode/2up? Titulus huius editionis] * 1627 : Daniel Rabel, ''Theatrum Florae'' * 1627: Pedro Simón, Primera parte de las noticias historiales de las conquistas de Tierra Firme, en las Indias Occidentales. Cuenca: Domingo de la Yglesia, 1627 [https://archive.org/details/primerapartedela00simn/page/276/mode/2up p. 277], [https://archive.org/details/primerapartedela00simn/page/n717/mode/2up index] (editionis plenae 1882-1892 [https://archive.org/details/tierrafirmeindias01simbrich/tierrafirmeindias01simbrich/ vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/tierrafirmeindias02simbrich/ 2], [https://archive.org/details/tierrafirmeindias03simbrich/ 3], [https://archive.org/details/tierrafirmeindias04simbrich/ 4], [https://archive.org/details/tierrafirmeindias05simbrich/ 5]) * 1628 : {{Creanda|en|Sir Francis Drake, 1st Baronet|Franciscus Drake (baronettus I)|Francis Drake (nepos)}}, ed., ''The World Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake''. Londinii: Bourne, 1628 [https://www.wdl.org/en/item/624/ Textus]; [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbdk.d042 Textus] apud Bibliotheca Congressus; [http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text5/drake.pdf Editio interretialis] * 1628 : {{ec|id=Sala (1628)|c=Ioannes Dominicus Sala, ''De alimentis et eorum recta administratione'' (Patavii: Giovanni Batista Martino) [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11105714-6 Textus]}} * 1628-1651 : [[Franciscus Hernandez]] et al., ''[[Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus|Nova plantarum, animalium et mineralium Mexicanorum historia]]'' a Francisco Hernández in Indis primum compilata, deinde a Nardo Antonio Reccho in volumen digesta (Romae) [http://mertzdigital.nybg.org/cdm/ref/collection/p9016coll23/id/26429 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/rerummedicarumno00hern alius] {{Google Books|lBbVN-xCxTYC|editio 1651}} * 1629 : [[Ioannes Parkinsonus|John Parkinson]], ''[[Paradisi in sole Paradisus terrestris]]'' (Londinii: Humphrey Lownes) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000703782/page/586 pp. 596-598] * 1630 : [[Ioannes Murrell|John Murrell]], ''Murrels Two Books of Cookerie and Carving''. Londinii {{Google Books|s69jMjBUQ4kC|Pars prima editionis 1630}} {{GB|2EB9-2tcdq4C|Pars altera editionis 1650}} {{GB|wAaYygGsMQsC|Pars tertia editionis 1641 cum libri omnis indice}} [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A51636.0001.001?view=toc recensio interretialis editionis 1641] * 1630: Bartholomaeus Ambrosinus, ''De capsicorum varietate cum suis iconibus brevis historia''. Bononiae: haeres Victorii Benatii, 1630; [https://bibliotecadigitale.uniba.it/entities/publication/8efbcd1a-40fd-45f6-b12e-3db3929027e8 Textus (in fasciculo altero)] * ante 1631 : {{ec|id=Bontius (1642)|c=[[Iacobus Bontius]], ''De medicina Indorum libri quattuor'' (Lugduni Batavorum, 1642) [http://data.onb.ac.at/rep/1088AC21 Textus]}} * ante 1631 : [[Iacobus Bontius]], "Historiae naturalis et medicae Indiae orientalis libri sex" in [[Gulielmus Piso]], ''De Indiae utriusque re naturali et medica'' (1658) [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002909064#page/n395/mode/2up Textus] * ante 1631 : L. S. A. M. von Römer, ed., ''Epistolae Jacobi Bontii'' (Bataviae, 1921) * 1631 : [[Antonius Colmenero de Ledesma]], ''Curioso tratado de la naturaleza y calidad del chocolate''. Matriti {{Google Books|1vhmAAAAcAAJ}}; Diego de Vades-forte [i.e. James Wadsworth], interpr., ''A curious treatise of the nature and quality of chocolate''. Londinii: J. Okes, 1640 [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A19160.0001.001?view=toc Textus] {{Google Books|UWRpAAAAcAAJ}}; René Moreau, interpr., ''Du chocolate: discours curieux''. Parisiis: Sebastien Cramoisy, 1643 [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010746929 textus]; Marcus Aurelius Severinus Tarsensis, interpr., ''Chocolata inda: opusculum de qualitate et natura chocolatae''. Sevilla, 1644 [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009281759 textus]; ''[https://archive.org/details/chocolataindaopu00colm/page/n6 alibi]; Alessandro Vitrioli, interpr., ''Della cioccolata: discorso diuiso in quattro parti'' (Romae, 1667) {{Google Books|wdNxwNfK7JUC}} * 1632 : {{ec|id=Champlain (1632)|c=[[Samuel Champlain]] et al., ''Les Voyages de la Nouvelle-France occidentale, dicte Canada, faits par le Sr de Champlain'' (Lutetiae) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5685518m/f4 Textus]}} * 1632 : [[Guido Patin|Guy Patin]], ''Traité de la conservation de santé''. 2a ed. Lutetiae [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64924n?rk=107296;4 textus] (no info on 1st ed.?) * 1633 : [[Ioannes Baptista Ferrarius]], ''De florum cultura''. Romae [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/102250#/summary Textus]; ''Flora overo Cultura di fiori'' (1638) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/104943#/summary Textus] * 1634 : [[Theodorus Mayernius]], ed., ''[[Insectorum theatrum|Insectorum sive minimorum animalium theatrum]], olim ab Edoardo Wottono, Conrado Gesnero, Thomaque Pennio inchoatum, tandem {{Creanda|en|Thomas Muffet|Thomas Moffetus|Tho. Moufeti}} opera ... concinnatum''. Londini: Thomas Cates, 1634 [https://archive.org/details/insectorumsivemi00moff Textus] * 1635 : {{ec|id=Nierembergius (1635)|c=[[Ioannes Eusebius Nierembergius]], ''Historia naturae maxime peregrinae'' (Antverpiae: ex officina Plantiniana, 1635) [https://archive.org/details/IoannisEvsebiiN00Nier/page/362/mode/2up pp. 363-364]}} * 1636 : {{ec|id=Pinelo (1636)|c=Antonio de León Pinelo, ''Question moral si el chocolate quebranta el ayuno eclesiástico''. Matriti [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009285452 Textus]}} * 1638 : {{ec|id=Calancha (1628)|c=Antonio de la Calancha, ''Corónica moralizada del órden de San Agustín en el Peru'' (Barcinone)}} * 1638 : [[Thomas Herbert]], ''Some Yeares Travels into Divers Parts of Asia and Afrique''. Londinii {{Google Books|mlJBAAAAcAAJ}} * 1638 : Tobias Venner, ''Via recta ad vitam longam''. Londonii, 1638 (vide et 1620) * 1639 : [[Theodorus Mayernius|Theodore de Mayerne]], Thomas Cademan, ''The Distiller of London, compiled and set forth by the speciall licence and command of the Kings most excellent Majesty, for the sole use of the Company of Distillers of London''. Londinii: Richard Bishop {{Google Books|bF1jAAAAcAAJ}} [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A06304.0001.001?view=toc Editio interretialis] * 1640 : {{ec|id=Parkinsonus (1640)|c=[[Ioannes Parkinsonus]], ''Theatrum botanicum'' [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucm.5325114272;view=1up;seq=405 pp. 355-359] {{Google Books|5m72g_lC-RcC}}}} * 1640 : [[Basilius Besler]], ''Hortus Eystettensis''. 2a ed. Norimbergae [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003651095/page/n339/mode/2up classis autumnalis tabb. 1-2] * 1640 : Walter Stonehouse, "A Modell of my Garden at Darfield, 1640" in R. T. Gunther, ''Early British Botanists and their Gardens'' (Oxoniae, 1922) pp. 348-351 [https://archive.org/details/earlybritishbota1922gunt Textus] * 1640/1645 : [[Michael Hemmersam]], ''Michael Hemmersams West-Indianische Reißbeschreibung''. Nuremberg: Gerhard Fürst, 1663 [https://katalog.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/cgi-bin/titel.cgi?katkey=1073123412 pp. 47-48] * 1642 : [[Iacobus Bontius]], ''De medicina Indorum libri IV'' (Lugduni Batavorum: apud Franciscum Hackium) {{Google Books|Es-IGwAACAAJ}} * 1645 : Guillaume Coppier, ''Histoire et voyage des Indes occidentales, et de plusieurs autres regions maritimes et esloignées''. Lugduni: Jean Huguetan {{Google Books|ToxPXLDzekAC|pp. 80-81, 92, 112}} ("des pimentades") * 1646 : [[Alphonsus de Ovalle]], ''Historica relacion del Reyno de Chile'' [http://www.memoriachilena.cl/602/w3-article-8380.html pp. 4-8, 51-58 editionis 1646] * 1646 : [[Ioannes Baptista Ferrarius]], ''[[Hesperides (Ferrarius)|Hesperides]]''. Romae [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/365#/summary Textus] * 1648 : Henry Hexham, ''Het groot woorden-boeck gestelt in 't Neder-duytsch ende in 't Engelsch'' (Roterodami: Arnout Leers) [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_het-groot-woorden-boeck_hexham-henry_1648/page/n399/mode/2up "''Peper-sausse'': Pepper-sauce"] (but which pepper??) * 1648 : [[Gulielmus Piso]], [[Georgius Marcgravius]], ''[[Historia naturalis Brasiliae]]''. Lugduni Batavorum: apud Franciscum Hackium [https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-osl_historia-naturalis-brasiliae_folioP678h1648-20882/page/n3/mode/2up Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000818648 Exemplar manu tinctum] * 1648 : [[Thomas Gage (peregrinator)|Thomas Gage]], ''The English-American his Travail by Sea and Land, or A new survey of the West India's''. Londinii: John Sweeting [https://archive.org/details/graff_1470/page/n7/mode/2up Textus] (ed. Thompson (1958) p. 145) * 1650 : Melchior Sebizius, ''De alimentorum facultatibus libri quinque'' (1650 {{Google Books|5GfgnMMEemYC|in indice}} * 1650 : [[Samuel Hartlib]], ''A Discours of Husbandrie used in Brabant and Flanders''. 2a ed., 1652: ''''Samuel Hartlib his Legacie''. 3a ed., 1655: ''Samuel Hartlib his Legacy of Husbandry''. [https://archive.org/details/b30333453 2a ed.] {{Google Books|RRpN3QEZueQC|3a ed}} mlt8yr8k7ah9x4bbcbjqhzjblsxmzzp 0 275736 3965677 3717414 2026-06-19T21:38:21Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3965677 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Gerhard Gundermann.jpg|thumb|Gerardus Gundermann, cantor Germanus anno 1994]] '''Gerardus Rogerius (vere: ''Gerhard Rüdiger'') Gundermann''' (natus die [[21 Februarii]] [[1955]] [[Vimaria]]e, mortuus die [[21 Iunii]] [[1998]] Spreetal in Districtu [[Budissa]]e in [[Saxonia]]) cantor [[Germania|Germanus]] fuit. In [[Res publica democratica Germanica|Germania Orientali]] habebatur vox operariorum [[Lusatia]]e publica, qui carbonem exercebant. Germania anno 1990 unita in cantilenis non solum de circumiectis naturalibus protegendis sed etiam de aequilibrio sociali servando cantavit. Cantus saepe melancholici argumenta de vita atque morte quam authenticissime tractabant. ==Vita== Anno 1967 Gundermann Hoyericum commigravit; absolutorium scholasticum anno 1973 adeptus in universitate praefectorum militum pro [[Ernestus Thälmann|Ernesto Thälmann]] nominata [[Lobavia]]e (Theodisce ''Löbau'') studebat rebus politicis: unde eum anno 1975 remiserunt. Gundermann laudes in imperatorem quendam pangere noluit. Operarius secundarius in metallis ad Spreetal factus est. Ex anno 1976 in schola vespertina cursus frequentavit, ut operarius magis expertus fieret. Ibi ab eo quaesiverunt velletne fieri agens in rebus apud custodes secretos [[Stasi]] - cui et annuit. Anno 1977 prima vice candidatus factus est pro [[Factio socialistica unita Germaniae|Factione socialistica unita Germaniae]], quem tantum unum annum post e factione rursus expellere volebant propter sic dictam proterviam et impudentiam. Revera opinionem privatem retinere numquam potuit; expulsio ista minans, de qua sodales valde indignabantur, in animadversionem simplicem mutata est. Anno 1978 cum cantorum turba ''Singeklub Hoyerswerda'' Berolinum adiit ad Spectacula de cantu politico. Eodem anno nomen novum sibi dedit grex et appellari coepit ''Brigade Feuerstein''. Fabella musicalis ''Raskadonien'' tunc prima vice in scaenis producta est. Anno 1983 maritus factus est et unum annum post cooperationes cum custodibus secretis deponere debuit, cum e factione rursus expulsa esset. [[File:Waldfriedhof HY Gerhard Gundermann 2.JPG|thumb|Sepulcrum in coemeterio silvano Hoyerici]] Annis 1980 una cum Alfonso Förster opusculum melodramaticum infantibus aptum quoddam scripsit, cui titulus ''Malvina'' et cuius iterationes tota in republica factae sunt. Anno 1986 solus coram publico cantare incohatus anno 1987 palmam tulit in certamine ''Chansontage der DDR''. Insuper cum aliis symphoniacis agebat (e.g. ''B. Gundermann und Freunde'', ''Die Wilderer'', ''Gundermann & Die Seilschaft''). Istis annis separatio facta est inter musicos antea unitos, quorum qualitatem Gundermann magis magisque deploravit. Mense Martio anni 1990 frustra candidatus [[Camera Popularis RDG|Camerae Popularis RDG]] fuit. Quoad musicam autem annis 1990 asseclarum numerus valde crescebat. Cooperationes eius cum custodibus secretis Germaniae Orientalis denique anno 1995 revelatae sunt, quarum rerum culpam neque negavit neque confessus est. == Honores == * 1987: cum ''Brigade Feuerstein'' palma ''VEB Deutsche Schallplatten'' * 1994: cum ''Die Seilschaft'' palmam in optimis cantibus annualibus pro cantilena ''Sehnsucht nach dem Rattenfänger'' == Opera == === Discus (compacti)=== * 1988 ''Männer, Frauen und Maschinen'' * 1989 auxilians apud ''Februar'' gregis Silly * 1992 ''Einsame Spitze'' * 1993 ''Der 7te Samurai'' * 1995 ''Frühstück für immer'' * 1997 ''Engel über dem Revier'' * 1998 ''Krams – Das letzte Konzert'' * 1999 ''Unplugged'' * 2000 ''Live-Stücke I'' * 2004 ''Werkstücke II. Die Wilderer'' * 2005 ''Torero&Werkstücke III'' * 2006 ''Oma Else. Eine Hörgeschichte in Liedern'' * 2008 ''Auswahl I – Alle oder Keiner'' === Pelliculae === * 1999 Silly + Gundermann & Seilschaft Unplugged * 1998 Gundermann & Seilschaft Konzert in Berlin === Musica pro taeniis === * ''Jonny kommt'', RDG 1988 === Libri cantuales cum opusculis Gundermann === * ''Das Liederbuch.'' Edidit Mario Ferraro. Buschfunk Musikverlag, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-931925-34-X * ''Das Liederbuch Teil 2.'' Edidit Mario Ferraro. Buschfunk Musikverlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-931925-35-8 == Pelliculae de Gundermann == * ''Gundi Gundermann'', documentaria pellicula Ricardi Engel, 1983 * ''Ende der Eisenzeit'', documentaria pellicula Ricardi Engel, 95 minutarum, 1999 * Auxilium in pellicula documentaria fabricanda ''Die Schmerzen der Lausitz'', directore Petro Rocha, 1989/1990 * ''Gundermann''; biographia pellicularis directore Andrea Dresen; partes Gundermann agit Alexander Scheer: annuntiatio [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYkXKIU7OAA hic in interrete], 2018 == Bibliographia == * Hans-Dieter Schütt: ''Tankstelle für Verlierer. Gespräche mit Gerhard Gundermann. Eine Erinnerung.'' Karl Dietz Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-320-02091-9. * ''Gerhard Gundermann. Rockpoet und Baggerfahrer. Gespräche mit Hans-Dieter Schütt.'' 2 Bände. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf Verlag, Berlin 1996 und 1999. ISBN 3-89602-055-2. * Andreas Leusink (ed.): ''Gundermann. Von jedem Tag will ich was haben, was ich nicht vergesse … Briefe, Dokumente, Interviews, Erinnerungen.'' Ch. Links Verlag, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-96289-011-7. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Gerhard Gundermann|Gerardum Gundermann}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180904014421/http://gundi.de/gundermann/ Pagina amicorum] {{lifetime|1955|1998|Gundermann, Gerardus}} [[categoria:Cantores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Rei publicae Democraticae Germanicae]] [[categoria:Socialistae Germaniae]] 2l7tjn5xof49351kyx5ziivjflbg6kw 0 277997 3965725 3467404 2026-06-20T08:42:42Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965725 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Rafał Majka, Japan Cup 2012 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Majka in [[Japan Cup (birotatio)|Japan Cup]] anno [[2012]].]] [[Fasciculus:Tour de France, Paris 27 July 2014 (57) (cropped).jpg|thumb|Majka in [[tunica maculata]] certat, dux [[classificatio montana in Circuitu Franciae|classificationis montanae]] in [[Circuitus Franciae 2014|Circuitu Franciae 2014]].]] [[Fasciculus:Tour de France 2016, Stage 18 - Sallanches to Megève (28894161621) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Majka in [[Circuitus Franciae 2016|Circuitu Franciae 2016]] certat.]] '''Raphael Majka''' ([[Polonice]] ''Rafał Majka,'' natus [[Zegartowice]]<!--Lesser Poland Voivodeship--> in urbe [[Polonia|Polonica]] die [[12 Septembris]] [[1989]]) est professionalis [[birotatio certans viaria|birotarius viarius]] Polonicus qui pro [[Bora–Hansgrohe]] [[UCI WorldTeam]] certat. [[Scansor]] validus famam in [[Circuitus Italiae 2013|Circuitu Italiae 2013]] consecutus est, ubi septimo loco finivit, sexto autem anno proximo. Eius aliae res gestae notabiles sunt tres victoriae stationum montanarum in [[Circuitus Franciae|Circuitu Franciae]] et classificatio montana in Circuitu Franciae annis [[Circuitus Franciae 2014|2014]] et [[Circuitus Franciae 2016|2016]], duaeque stationes et tota victoria in [[Circuitus Poloniae 2014|Circuitu Polonae 2014]]. Primum finem in podio ullius circuitus grandis in [[Circuitus Hispaniae 2015|Circuitu Hispaniae 2015]] consecutus est, ubi tertio loco finivit. In [[Olympia aestiva 2016|Olympiis aestivis 2016]], insigne aereum pro Polonia in viario virorum singulorum certamine adeptus est. ==Res gestae==<!-- ===Maiorex consecutiones=== ;2008 : 1st Trofeo Enzo Sacchi : 3rd GP Città di Monsummano ;2009 : 1st Firenze–Viareggio : 3rd Bologna–Raticosa : 8th [[GP Capodarco]] ;2010 : 2nd GP Chianti Colline d'Elsa : 3rd Overall Giro delle Pesche Nettarine : 3rd Bologna–Raticosa : 3rd Trofeo Città di Lastra a Signa : 9th [[Gran Premio Palio del Recioto]] : 9th Firenze–Viareggio : 10th Overall [[Carpathian Couriers Race]] ::1st Stage 1 : 10th [[Trofeo Matteotti]] ;2012 : 3rd [[Japan Cup (cycling)|Japan Cup]] : 7th Overall [[2012 Tour of Beijing|Tour of Beijing]] ::1st [[File:Jersey white.svg|20px]] Young rider classification ;2013 : 2nd [[2013 Milano–Torino|Milano–Torino]] : 3rd [[2013 Giro di Lombardia|Giro di Lombardia]] : 4th Overall [[2013 Tour de Pologne|Tour de Pologne]] ::1st [[File:Jersey white.svg|20px]] Points classification : 7th Overall [[2013 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]] ::Held [[File:Jersey white.svg|20px]] after Stages 7, 10–14, 18–19 ;2014 : 1st [[File:Jersey yellow.svg|20px]] Overall [[2014 Tour de Pologne|Tour de Pologne]] ::1st Stages 5 & 6 : [[2014 Tour de France|Tour de France]] ::1st [[File:Jersey polkadot.svg|20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France]] [[Mountains classification in the Tour de France|Mountains classification]] ::1st Stages 14 & 17 : 4th Overall [[2014 USA Pro Cycling Challenge|USA Pro Cycling Challenge]] : 4th Overall [[2014 Critérium International|Critérium International]] ::1st [[File:Jersey white.svg|20px]] Young rider classification : 6th Overall [[2014 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]] ::Held [[File:Jersey white.svg|20px|link=Young rider classification in the Giro d'Italia]] after Stages 8–15 ;2015 : 1st Stage 11 [[2015 Tour de France|Tour de France]] : 2nd [[2015 Milano–Torino|Milano–Torino]] : 3rd Overall [[2015 Vuelta a España|Vuelta a España]] : 4th Overall [[2015 Tour of Oman|Tour of Oman]] : 7th Overall [[2015 Tour de Romandie|Tour de Romandie]] : 10th Overall [[2015 Tour de Suisse|Tour de Suisse]] ;2016 : 1st [[File:MaillotPolonia.PNG|20px]] [[Polish National Road Race Championships|Road race]], National Road Championships : [[2016 Tour de France|Tour de France]] ::1st [[File:Jersey polkadot.svg|20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France]] [[Mountains classification in the Tour de France|Mountains classification]] ::[[File:Jersey red number.svg|20px]] [[Combativity award in the Tour de France|Combativity award]] Stage 15 : 3rd [[File:Bronze medal olympic.svg|15px]] [[Cycling at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race|Road race]], [[2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] : 5th Overall [[2016 Vuelta a Andalucía|Vuelta a Andalucía]] : 5th Overall [[2016 Giro d'Italia|Giro d'Italia]] : 7th Overall [[2016 Tour de San Luis|Tour de San Luis]] ;2017 : 1st [[File:Jersey green 2.svg|20px]] Overall [[2017 Tour of Slovenia|Tour of Slovenia]] ::1st [[File:Jersey blue.svg|20px]] Mountains classification ::1st Stage 3 : 1st Stage 14 [[2017 Vuelta a España|Vuelta a España]] : 2nd Overall [[2017 Tour of California|Tour of California]] ::1st Stage 2 : 2nd Overall [[2017 Tour de Pologne|Tour de Pologne]] ::1st [[File:Jersey red.svg|20px]] Polish rider classification : 6th Overall [[2017 Abu Dhabi Tour|Abu Dhabi Tour]] : 7th [[Vuelta a Mallorca|Trofeo Pollenca-Port de Andratx]] : 10th [[2017 Liège–Bastogne–Liège|Liège–Bastogne–Liège]] ;2018 : 5th Overall [[2018 Abu Dhabi Tour|Abu Dhabi Tour]] : 5th Overall [[Vuelta a San Juan]] : 6th Overall [[2018 Tour of California|Tour of California]] : 6th Overall [[2018 Tour of Slovenia|Tour of Slovenia]] : 7th [[2018 Il Lombardia|Giro di Lombardia]] : [[File:Jersey red number.svg|20px]] [[Combativity award in the Tour de France|Combativity award]] Stage 15 [[2018 Tour de France|Tour de France]]--> ===Tempora consecutionum in classificatione generali Circuitus Grandis=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |- ! scope="col" | [[Circuitus Grandis (birotatio)|Circuitus Grandis]] ! scope="col" | 2011 ! scope="col" | 2012 ! scope="col" | 2013 ! scope="col" | 2014 ! scope="col" | 2015 ! scope="col" | 2016 ! scope="col" | 2017 ! scope="col" | 2018 |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="row" | [[File:Jersey pink.svg|20px|link=|alt=A pink jersey]] [[Classificatio generalis in Circuitu Italiae|Circuitus Italiae]] |— |— | align="center" style="background:#ddddff;"|[[Circuitus Italiae 2013|7]] | align="center" style="background:#ddddff;"|[[Circuitus Italiae 2014|6]] |— | align="center" style="background:#ddddff;"|[[Circuitus Italiae 2016|5]] |— |— |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="row" | [[File:Jersey yellow.svg|20px|link=|alt=A yellow jersey]] [[Classificatio genheralis in Circuitu Franciae|Circuitus Franciae]] |— |— |— | style="text-align:center;" |[[Circuitus Franciae 2014|44]] | style="text-align:center;" |[[Circuitus Franciae 2015|28]] | style="text-align:center;" |[[Circuitus Franciae 2016|27]] | style="text-align:center;" |[[Circuitus Franciae 2017|NF]] | style="text-align:center;" |[[Circuitus Franciae 2018|19]] |- style="text-align:center;" ! scope="row" | [[File:Jersey red.svg|20px|link=|alt=A red jersey]] [[Circuitus Hispaniae]] | style="text-align:center;" |[[Circuitus Hispaniae 2011|NF]] | style="text-align:center;" |[[ Circuitus Hispaniae 2012|32]] | style="text-align:center;" |[[Circuitus Hispaniae 2013|19]] |— | align="center" style="background:#ddddff;"|'''[[Circuitus Hispaniae 2015|3]]''' |— | style="text-align:center;" |[[Circuitus Hispaniae 2017|39]] | style="text-align:center;" |[[Circuitus Hispaniae 2018|13]] |} {| class="wikitable" |+ Titulus |- ! scope="row" | — | Non certavit |- ! scope="row" | [[Non finivit|NF]] | Non finivit |} <!-- ==Notae== <references/>--> ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Rafał Majka|Raphaelem Majka}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110528225448/http://saxobanksungard.com/person_profiles.asp?p_id=224 Biographia.] Saxo Bank-SunGard. {{Lifetime|1989||Majka, Raphael}} [[Categoria:Birotarii Circuitus Californiae]] [[Categoria:Birotarii Circuitus Franciae]] [[Categoria:Birotarii Circuitus Hispaniae]] [[Categoria:Birotarii Circuitus Italiae]] [[Categoria:Birotarii Poloniae]] [[Categoria:Olympionicae]] [[Categoria:Qui stationem in Circuitu Franciae vicerunt]] [[Categoria:Qui stationem in Circuitu Hispaniae vicerunt]] <!-- [[Category:People from Myślenice County]] [[Category:Sportspeople from Lesser Poland Voivodeship]] [[Category:Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic cyclists of Poland]] [[Category:Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics]] [[Category:Olympic bronze medalists for Poland]] [[Category:Olympic medalists in cycling]]--> f8mf1sy2og5udm9kqv7fegp9embdmad 0 283502 3965708 3846004 2026-06-20T04:41:54Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965708 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Paul Klee WI (In Memoriam) 1938.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Ars abstracta|Abstracta]] hominis [[imago]] a [[Paulus Klee|Paulo Klee]] [[pictura|picta]]. Notio [[persona]]e difficillime definitur.]] '''Psychologia personalitatis''' est sub[[disciplina]] [[psychologia]]e quae [[personalitas|personalitatem]] et eius variationes inter [[homo|singulos]] investigat. Studium [[scientia (ratio)|scientificum]] est quod monstrare conatur quomodo [[homo|homines]] ob [[vis|vires]] psychologicas unice inter se variantur.<ref>Friedman et Schustack 2016.</ref> Inter suas provincias praecipuas sunt: *constructio imaginis cohaerentis [[persona]]e et suarum maiorum [[ratio]]num psychologicarum *investigatio differentiarum psychologicarum hominum *investigatio [[humanitas|ingenii humani]] et [[similitudo|similitudinum]] psychologicarum inter homines Personalitas est vehemens et ordinata [[proprietas|proprietatum]] hominis [[copia]] quae [[circumiecta]], [[cognitio]]nes, [[animi motus|animi motús]], [[incitamentum|incitamenta]]<!--?motivations-->, [[scientiae morum|moresque]] in variis rebus unice movet. [[Vocabulum]] ''personalitas'' a vocabulo ''[[persona]]'' derivatur. [[Fasciculus:Gordon Allport.gif|thumb|upright=1.2|left|[[Gordon Allport|Gordon W. Allport]].]] Personalitas etiam attingit exemplar [[cogitatio]]nis, [[animi motus|animi motuum]]<!--feelings-->, [[accommodatio (psychologia)|accommodationis]] [[societas humana|socialis]], [[mores|morumque]] constanter per [[tempus]] exhibitorum qui hominis exspectationes, [[sententia sui|perceptiones sui]], [[pretium (ethica)|pretia]], [[habitus (psychologia)|habitúsque]] valide movent. Personalitas humana aliis hominibus responsa, difficultates, et [[tensio (biologia)|tensionem]] praedicit.<ref name = Winnie>Winnie et Gittinger 1973.</ref><ref>Krauskopf et Saunders 1994.</ref> [[Gordon Allport]] (1937) binos descripsit personalitatis investigandae modos: nomotheticum et [[imago idiographica|idiographicum]]: psychologia nomothetica [[lex|leges]] generales petit quae multis hominibus variis adhiberi possunt, sicut principium [[veritatio sui|veritationis sui]]{{dubsig}}<!--?self-actualization--> et proprietas [[extraversion et introversio|extraversionis]]; psychologia autem idiographica est propositum ad unicas cuiusque hominis [[proprietas|proprietates]] intellegendas. [[Fasciculus:First aid masks for CPR training.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Personalitas est [[metaphora]] in [[persona|personis]] [[scaena|scaenicis]] condita.]] Studium [[personalitas|personalitatis]] [[historia]]m latam et variam in psychologia habet, cui sunt abundantes [[traditio]]nes [[theoria|theoreticae]]. Inter maiores theorias sunt [[cosmotheoria]]e [[theoria proprietatum|dispositionalis]]<!--trait theory-->, [[psychodynamica]], [[humanismus|humanistica]], [[biologia|biologica]], [[behaviorismus|behavioristica]], [[evolutio]]naria, et [[educatio]]nis [[societas humana|socialis]]; multi autem investigatores et [[psychologus|psychologi]] se uni interpretationi aperte non consociant, sed rei eclectice appropinquat. Investigationes plerumque [[empirismus|empiricae]] sunt, sicut exemplaria dimensionalia in [[statistica multivariata]] condita, sicut [[explicatio factorum]]<!--?factor analysis-->, aut evolutionem theoriae vehementius dicunt, sicut theoriae [[psychodynamica|psychodynamicae]]. Etiam probationem personalitatis exprimunt, provinciam adhibitam. In [[educatio]]ne et exercitatione psychologica, [[academia|academica]] ingenii personalitatis eiusque evolutionis psychologicae studia plerumque docentur ante cursús in [[psychologia abnormalis|psychologia abnormali]] et [[psychologia clinica]]. Investigatores [[philosophus|philosophique]] magni momenti qui theorias psychologiae personalitatis proposuerunt sunt [[Alfredus Adler]], [[Gordon Allport]], [[Ioannes Eysenck]], [[Sigmundus Freud]], [[Abrahamus Maslow]], et [[Carolus Rogers]]. ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== *[[Gordon Allport|Allport, Gordon W.]] [[1937]]. ''Personality: A psychological interpretation.'' Novi Eboraci: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. *Buss, D. M., et H. Greiling. [[1999]]. "Adaptive Individual Differences." ''Journal of Personality'' 67 (2): 209–43. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00053.<!--citeseerx=10.1.1.387.3246--> *Engler, Barbara. [[2008]]. ''Personality Theories: An Introduction.'' Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-547-14834-2. [https://books.google.com/books?id=UHCdjI36q9cC Google Books.] *Friedman, Howard, et Miriam Schustack. [[2016]]. ''Personality: Classic theories and modern research.'' Pearson. ISBN 978-0-205-99793-0. *Hall, Calvin S., et Gardner Lindzey. [[1957]]. ''Theories of Personality.'' Novi Eboraci: J. Wiley & Sons. *Hjelle, Larry A., et Daniel J. Ziegler. [[1992]]. ''Personality theories: basic assumptions, research, and applications.'' McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-029079-2. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VdF-AAAAMAAJ Google Books.] *John, Oliver P., Richard W. Robins, et Lawrence A. Pervin. [[2010]]. ''Handbook of Personality, Third Edition: Theory and Research.'' Guilford Press. ISBN 978-1-60918-059-1. [https://books.google.com/books?id=olgW-du4RBcC Google Books.'] *Krauskopf, C. J., et D. R. Saunders. [[1994]]. ''Personality and Ability: The Personality Assessment System.'' Lanhamiae Terrae Mariae: University Press of America. *Lombardo, Giovanni Pietro, et Renato Foschi. [[2002]]. "The European Origins of 'Personality Psychology.'" ''European Psychologist'' 7 (2): 134–45. doi:10.1027/1016-9040.7.2.134.<!--doi-broken-date = 2019-08-20--> *Lombardo, Giovanni Pietro, et Renato Foschi. [[2003]]. "The Concept of Personality between 19th Century France and 20th Century American Psychology." ''History of Psychology'' 6 (2): 133–42. doi:10.1037/1093-4510.6.2.123. PMID 12817602. *[[Abrahamus Maslow|Maslow, Abraham H.]] [[1999]]. ''Toward a Psychology of Being.'' Ed. 3a. Novi Eboraci: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-29309-5. *Mischel, Walter. [[1999]]. ''An Introduction to Personality.'' Novi Eboraci: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-00552-1. [https://books.google.com/books?id=FfQ8PgAACAAJ Google Books.] *Ryckman, Richard M. [[2007]]. ''Theories of Personality.'' Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-09908-6. [https://books.google.com/books?id=_1mQhvUfYFwC Google Books.] *Winnie, J. F., et J. W. Gittinger. [[1973]]. "An introduction to the personality assessment system." ''Journal of Clinical Psychology'' Monograph Supplement 38: 1–68. ==Nexus externi==<!-- {{Library resources box|by=no|onlinebooks=no|wikititle=personality psychology}} {{wikiversity|Personality|personalitatem}}--> *[http://www.personality-project.org/ "Northwestern University-led collaboration between personality psychologists worldwide to "attempt to bring information about current personality theory and research to the readers of the World Wide Web"] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160312082316/http://psychologyaohl.com/category/personality/ "Psychology, Art of Human Life: Personality."] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110415060017/http://www.psychometrics.ppsis.cam.ac.uk/page/255/mypersonality-database.htm "myPersonality."] Propositum Universitatis Cantabrigiensis de psychometrica. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20200721185104/http://ps.pu.if.ua/ ''Personality Psychology.''] [[Periodicum]] methodologicum et adhibitum. *[http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/perscontents.html De theoriis personalitatis.] *[http://www.psychometriclab.com/ "Trait Emotional Intelligence: EI as personality."] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20190107181248/http://wilderdom.com/personality/personality.html "Personality: Theory & Perspectives: Individual Differences."] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110927225251/http://allpsych.com/personalitysynopsis/contents.html "Personality Synopsis at the Virtual Psychology Classroom."] *[http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/fac_development/video/pdf/lisa_heiser_faculty_development_handout.pdf "Holland's Types."] *Murray, Henry A., et Clyde Kluckhohn. [[1953]]. [http://www.panarchy.org/kluckhohn/personality.1953.html ''Personality in Nature, Society, and Culture.''] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100120011745/http://www.hoganassessments.com/_hoganweb/documents/What%20Is%20Personality%20Psychology.pdf "What is Personality Psychology?"] {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} *[[Animi motus]] *[[Psychologia clinica]] *[[Psychopathia]] *[[Quattuor temperamenta]] *[[Socionica]] *[[Syndroma Holmiensis]] *[[Voluntas]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Personalitas]] [[Categoria:Psychologia]] {{Myrias|Anthropologia}} byibyj9c29xcb8bi6f32y1pcyq5kcvb 0 285700 3965729 3930158 2026-06-20T11:08:36Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965729 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Xuanyuan Temple in Yan'an, Shaanxi (1).jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Templum Xuanyuan]] in [[Huangling (comitatus)|Huangling]] comitatu [[Shaanxi]], [[veneratio]]ni [[imperator flavus|imperatoris flavi]] dicatum.]] '''Religio vulgaris Sinica'''{{FD ref}} ([[Mandarinice]] 中國民間信仰, [[lingua Mandanarinica simplex|Mandarinice simpliciter]] 中国民间信仰, [[pinyin]] ''Zhōngguó mínjiān xìnyǎng'') est [[familia]] variarum [[religio]]num in [[Sinae|Sinis]] [[Taivania]]que latissime notarum, atque inter [[diaspora Sinica|diasporam Sinicam]] exercitarum. Quae [[pietas|pietatis]] forma est antiqua [[Sinae (gens)|Sinarum]] [[traditio]], [[veneratio]]nem comprehendens [[vis|virium]] [[natura]]e maiorumque, [[exorcismus|exorcismum]] virium noxiarum, et [[fides|fidem]] [[ratio]]nali naturae, [[universum|universi]], [[realitas|realitatisque]] [[ordo|ordini]], qui ab [[homo|hominibus]] et eorum [[rectio|rectoribus]], et adeo [[spiritus|spiritibus]] et [[deus|deis]], moveri potest.<ref>Teiser 1995: 378.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Heshen temple in Hequ, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.jpg|thumb|upright=1|left|[[Templum]] [[Hebo]] ('domini fluminis'), [[deus|dei]] (Heshen 'dei fluminis') [[Flumen Flavum|Fluminis Flavi]], in [[Hequ (comitatus)|comitatu Hequ]] [[Xinzhou]] [[Shanxi]] situm.]] [[Fasciculus:文澳 城隍廟.jpg|thumb|[[Templum]] [[deus oppidanus|dei oppidani]] Wenao prope [[urbs|urbem]] [[Magong City|Magong]] [[Taivania]]e.]] [[Fasciculus:Five officials haikou 2010 01.jpg|thumb|[[Ara]] Quinque Ministris intra Templum Quinque Dominorum dicata [[Haikou]] in [[oppidum|oppido]] [[Hainan]] sita.]] [[Fasciculus:Dongmen City God Temple, 2014-10-07 17.JPG|thumb|Templum dei oppidani Dongmen, in comitatu [[Xiangshan (comitatus)|Xiangshan]] [[Ningbo]] [[Zhejiang]] situm.]] [[Fasciculus:浞景寺_01.jpg|thumb|[[Signum]] legitur: "Hic locus est locus fidei antiquae. Nulla donatio religiosa, nullae exercitationes religiosae sinuntur." Imago in vetere templo religionis Sinicae [[Weifang|Weifang]] in urbe [[provincia]]e Shandong.]] [[Fasciculus:Worship at the Great Temple of Shennong-Yandi in Suizhou, Hubei.jpg|thumb|[[Ritus]] communales ad Magnum Templum [[imperator Yan|Yandi]] [[Shennong]] ({{lang|zh|炎帝神農大殿}} ''Yándì Shénnóng dàdiàn'') in [[Suizhou]] [[Hubei]] fiunt.]] [[Fasciculus:媽祖娘娘002.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Statua]] [[Mazu (dea)|Mazu]] [[dea]]e in templo [[Chiayi (urbs)|Chiayi]] in urbe [[Taivania]]e posita.]] [[Fasciculus:Quanshan Tudi Gong Gong - statues - DSCF8317.JPG|thumb|Ara ''zitong'' in templo [[Quanzhou]] [[Fujian]] sita; ad laevam est [[statua]] [[Kuixing]].]] [[Fasciculus:忠縣丁房雙闕02.jpg|thumb|[[Porta]]e [[lapis|lapideae]] domus Han Dingfang [[Zhong (comitatus)|Zhong]] comitatus [[Chongqing]], quae olim ad templum Sinicum pertinebant, generali [[Ba Manzi]] temporum [[civitates bellantes|civitatum bellantium]] olim dicatum.]] [[Fasciculus:Quanjunxi Linggong - DSCF8614.JPG|thumb|{{lang|zh|泉郡溪靈宮}} Quánjùnxī línggōng, "[[palatium]] [[numen|numinosum]] ad [[rivus|rivum]] in [[terra]] [[fons|fontium]]," in [[Quanzhou]] [[Fujian]].<!--Temples are usually built in accordance with feng shui methods, which hold that anything needs to be arranged in equilibrium with the surrounding world in order to thrive. Names of holy spaces often describe, poetically, their collocation within the world.-->]] [[Fasciculus:Temple of the Filial Blessing in Ouhai, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (2).jpg|thumb|Templum benedictionis filiorum ({{lang|zh|孝佑宮}} ''Xiàoyòugōng'') in [[Ouhai (districtus)|Ouhai]] districtu [[Wenzhou]] [[Zhejiang]] situm; quod est locus venerationis maiorum.]] [[Fasciculus:安平天后宮石將軍.JPG|thumb|Ara generalium lapideorum, deitatum protegentium, in templo Kantai Tianhou in [[Anping (districtus)|Anping]] districtu [[Tainan]] [[Taivania]]e.]] [[Fasciculus:Ch-brahma-temple.jpg|thumb|Templum [[Brahma]] vel [[Simianshen]] {{lang|zh|四面神}} (dei quattuor [[facies|facierum]]), [[Changhua]] Taivaniae situm.<!-- The [[Thailand|Thai]]-style worship of Simianshen has its origins among [[Thai Chinese]], and has spread over the last few decades among Mainland Chinese and [[Overseas Chinese]] populations.-->]] [[Fasciculus:Zhen-Wu Temple in Wuci Township.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|Fanum [[Xuanwu (deus)|Zhenwu]] deo dicatum in [[Wuqi (districtus)|Wuqi]] districtu [[Taichung]] Taivaniae situm.]] [[Fasciculus:Zhangzhou Putou Damiao 20120225-2.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|{{lang|zh|浦頭大廟}} ''Pǔtóu dàmiào,'' "primum templum magnum ad ripas fluminis," in [[Zhangzhou]] [[Fujian]] situm.]]<!-- [[Fasciculus:Guanji temple and Huang shrine in Lucheng, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China (1).jpg|upright=0.8|thumb|Templum Guanji (laeva) et fanum ancestrale Huang (dextra) in [[Wenzhou]] [[Zhejiang]] situm.]] [[Fasciculus:Worship at an ancestral temple in Hong'an, Hubei, China.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Homines as [[ritus]] venerationis in [[Hong'an (comitatus)|Hong'an]] comitatu [[Hubei]] celebrandos conveniunt.]]--> [[Veneratio]] [[deus|deis]] [[immortalitas|immortalibusque]] Sinicis ({{lang|zh|神}} ''shén'') dicatur, qui esse possunt [[deitas|deitates]] [[res|rerum]] naturalium [[mores|morumque]] humanorum, vel praeterea [[progenitor]]es stirpium. [[Mythologia|Fabulae]] de nonnullis deis in [[corpus|corpore]] [[litterae Sinarum|litterarum Sinarum]] quae [[mythologia Sinica|mythologiam Sinicam]] tractant colliguntur. Ante [[saeculum 11|saeculum undecimum]] ([[domus Song|aetatem Song]]), hae exercitationes cum [[Buddhismus|Buddhisticis]] [[karma]]e notionibus (res quae a se fiunt) mixtae erant, et [[doctrina]]e [[Taoismus|Taoisticae]] de [[hierarchia|hierarchiis]] deorum, ad rationem religiosam populo gratam generandam, quae variis modis usque ad praesens superest.<ref>Overmyer 1986: 51.</ref> {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} *[[Buddhismus]] *[[Confucianismus]] *[[Feng shui]] *[[Gentilicii mores]] *[[Magna Culturae Conversio Proletariana]] *[[Meditatio]] *[[Samanismus]] *[[Shinto]] *[[Spiritualitas]] *[[Tao]] *[[Tao Te Ching]] *[[Yin et yang]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== * {{citation | last = Adler | first = Joseph | chapter = Chinese Religion: An Overview | pages = | title = Encyclopedia of Religion, 2nd Ed. | series = | volume = | editor-first = Lindsay | editor-last = Jones | location = Detroiti | publisher = Macmillan Reference USA | year = 2005 | isbn = | ref = harv |chapter-url=http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Writings/Chinese%20Religions%20-%20Overview.htm}}<!-- * {{cite conference | first = Joseph A. | last = Adler | pages = | title = The Heritage of Non-Theistic Belief in China | editor-first = | editor-last = | conference = (Conference paper) Toward a Reasonable World: The Heritage of Western Humanism, Skepticism, and Freethought | location = San Diego, CA | date = 2011 | url = http://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Writings/Non-theistic.pdf | ref = harv}}--> * {{cite book | last = Cai | first = Zongqi | year = 2004 | title = Chinese Aesthetics: Ordering of Literature, the Arts, and the Universe in the Six Dynasties | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | location = | url = | isbn = 978-0824827915 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Chamberlain | first = Jonathan | year = 2009 | title = Chinese Gods : An Introduction to Chinese Folk Religion | publisher = Blacksmith Books | location = Hong Kong | url = | isbn = 9789881774217 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Chan | first = Kim-Kwong | authorlink = | title = Religion in China in the Twenty-first Century: Some Scenarios | journal = Religion, State & Society | volume = 33 | issue = 2 | pages = | date = 2005 | language = | url = | jstor = | issn = | doi = | accessdate = | ref = harv}} * {{cite journal | last = Chang | first = Ruth H. | authorlink = | title = Understanding Di and Tian: Deity and Heaven from Shang to Tang Dynasties | journal = Sino-Platonic Papers | volume = | issue = 108 | pages = | date = 2000 | language = | url = | jstor = | issn = 2157-9679 | doi = | accessdate = | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Chau | first = Adam Yuet | year = 2005 | title = Miraculous Response: Doing Popular Religion in Contemporary China | publisher = | location = | url = |isbn = 9780804751605 |ref = harv}} * {{cite journal | last = Chau | first = Adam Yuet | authormask = 2 | title = The Politics of Legitimation and the Revival of Popular Religion in Shaanbei, North-Central China | journal = Modern China | volume = 31 | issue = 2 | pages = 236–278 | date = 2005 | url = http://www.ames.cam.ac.uk/general_info/biographies/chinese/chau-publications/Chau%20The%20politics%20of%20legitimation%20and%20the%20revival%20of%20popular%20religion.pdf | doi = 10.1177/0097700404274038 | ref = harv | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20131230234625/http://www.ames.cam.ac.uk/general_info/biographies/chinese/chau-publications/Chau%20The%20politics%20of%20legitimation%20and%20the%20revival%20of%20popular%20religion.pdf | archivedate = 30 December 2013 | df = dmy-all }} * {{cite journal | last = Chau |first = Adam Yuet | authormask = 2 | title = Modalities of Doing Religion and Ritual Polytropy: Evaluating the Religious Market Model from the Perspective of Chinese Religious History | journal = Religion | volume = 41 | issue = 4 | pages = 457–568 | date = 2011 | language = | url = | jstor = | issn = | doi = 10.1080/0048721X.2011.624691 | accessdate = | ref = harv }} * {{citation | last = Chau | first = Adam Yuet | authormask = 2 | chapter = A Different Kind of Religious Diversity: Ritual Service Providers and Consumers in China | pages = 141–156 | title = Religious Diversity in Chinese Thought | series = | volume = | editor1 = Schmidt-Leukel, Perry |editor2=Joachim Gentz | location = Novi Eboraci | publisher = Palgrave-MacMillan | year = 2013 | isbn = 9781137333193 | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VePQAQAAQBAJ | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Cheng | first = Manchao | year = 1995 | title = The Origin of Chinese Deities | publisher = Foreign Languages Press | location = Beijing | url = https://archive.org/details/originofchinesed00chen | isbn = 978-7119000305 | ref = harv | url-access = registration }}<!-- * {{cite conference | first = Philip | last = Clart | pages = 391–412 | title = Conceptualizations of "Popular Religion" in Recent Research in the People's Republic of China | editor-first = | editor-last = | conference =International Symposium on Mazu and Chinese folk religion ({{lang|zh|媽祖與華人民間信仰」國際研討會論文集}}) | location = Boyang, Taipei | date = 2014 | url = http://home.uni-leipzig.de/clartp/Yanjiu%20xin%20shijie%202014.pdf |ref = harv }}--> * {{cite journal | last = Clart | first = Philip | authorlink = | title = Confucius and the Mediums: Is There a "Popular Confucianism"? | journal = T'oung Pao | volume = | issue = LXXXIX | pages = | date = 2003 | language = | url = http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~clartp/Clart%202003.pdf | jstor = | issn = | doi = | accessdate = | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Clart | first = Philip | authorlink = | title = The Phoenix and the Mother: The Interaction of Spirit Writing Cults and Popular Sects in Taiwan | journal = Journal of Chinese Religions | volume = 25 | issue = | pages = 1–32 | date = 1997 | language = | url = http://www.uni-leipzig.de/~clartp/The%20Phoenix%20and%20the%20Mother.pdf | jstor = | issn = | doi = 10.1179/073776997805306959| accessdate = | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Davis | first = Edward L. | year = 2005 | title = Encyclopedia of Contemporary Chinese Culture | publisher = Routledge | location = | url = |isbn = 978-0415241298 |ref = harv }} * {{Cite book | last = De Groot | first = J.J.M. | authorlink = | title = The Religious System of China: Its Ancient Forms, Evolution, History and Present Aspect, Manners, Customs and Social Institutions Connected Therewith | year = 1892 | publisher = Brill | location = Lugduni Batavorum | ref = harv }} 6 volumes. Online at: [https://web.archive.org/web/20241007100252/http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/groot_jjm_de/religious_system_of_china/religious_system.html Les classiques des sciences sociales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi]; Scribd: [https://www.scribd.com/doc/298935093/The-Religious-System-of-China-1892-Vol-1-Groot Vol. 1], [https://www.scribd.com/doc/298935163/The-Religious-System-of-China-1892-Vol-2-Groot Vol. 2], [https://www.scribd.com/doc/298935219/The-Religious-System-of-China-1892-Vol-3-Groot Vol. 3], [https://www.scribd.com/doc/298935256/The-Religious-System-of-China-1892-Vol-4-Groot Vol. 4], [https://www.scribd.com/doc/298935289/The-Religious-System-of-China-1892-Vol-5-Groot Vol. 5], [https://www.scribd.com/doc/298935357/The-Religious-System-of-China-1892-Vol-6-Groot Vol. 6]. * {{cite journal | last = Didier | first = John C. | authorlink = | title = In and Outside the Square: The Sky and the Power of Belief in Ancient China and the World, c. 4500 BC – AD 200 | journal = Sino-Platonic Papers | volume = | issue = 192 | pages = | date = 2009 | language = | url = | jstor = | issn = | doi = | accessdate = | ref = harv }} ''[http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp192_vol1.pdf Volume I: The Ancient Eurasian World and the Celestial Pivot]'', ''[http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp192_vol2.pdf Volume II: Representations and Identities of High Powers in Neolithic and Bronze China]'', ''[http://sino-platonic.org/complete/spp192_vol3.pdf Volume III: Terrestrial and Celestial Transformations in Zhou and Early-Imperial China]''. * {{cite book | last = Do | first = Thien | year = 2003 | title = Vietnamese Supernaturalism: Views from the Southern Region | publisher = Routledge | location = | series = Anthropology of Asia | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Piudqn9uijUC |isbn = 978-0415307994 |ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Fan | first1 = Lizhu | first2 = Na | last2 = Chen | authorlink = | title = The Religiousness of "Confucianism" and the Revival of Confucian Religion in China Today | journal = Cultural Diversity in China | volume = 1| issue = 1 | pages = 27–43 | date = 2015 | language = | url = | jstor = | issn = 2353-7795 | doi = 10.1515/cdc-2015-0005 | accessdate = | ref= harv}} * {{cite journal | last1 = Fan | first1 = Lizhu | first2 = Na | last2 = Chen | authorlink = | title = The Revival of Indigenous Religion in China | journal = China Watch | volume = | issue = | pages = | date = 2013 | language = | url = http://fudan-uc.ucsd.edu/_files/201306_China_Watch_Fan_Chen.pdf | jstor = | issn = | doi = | accessdate = | ref= harv}} Preprint from ''The Oxford Handbook of Religious Conversion'', 2014. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195338522.013.024 * {{cite book | last = Fowler | first = Jeanine D. | year = 2005 | title = An Introduction to the Philosophy and Religion of Taoism: Pathways to Immortality | publisher = Sussex Academic Press | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=9wi-ZDdmaqEC |isbn = 978-1845190866 |ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last1 = Goossaert | first1 = Vincent | last2 = Palmer | first2 = David | year = 2011 | title = The Religious Question in Modern China | publisher = University of Chicago Press | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Bx83dlLMPdMC |isbn = 978-0226304168 |ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last1 = Gaenssbauer | first1 = Monika | year = 2015 | title = Popular Belief in Contemporary China: A Discourse Analysis | publisher = Projekt Verlag | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=hGfOCgAAQBAJ |isbn = 978-0226304168 |ref = harv}}<!-- * {{cite conference | first = Ze | last = Jin | title = Challenges and Choices Facing Folk Faith in China | conference = Religion and Cultural Change in China | location = The Brookings Institution - Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies, Washington: DC | date = 2005 | url = http://www.brookings.edu/fp/cnaps/events/jinzeenglish20050201.pdf | ref = harv | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924003028/http://www.brookings.edu/fp/cnaps/events/jinzeenglish20050201.pdf | archivedate = 24 September 2015 | df = dmy-all }}--> * {{citation | last = Jansen | first = Thomas | authorlink = | chapter = Sacred Texts | pages = | title = The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Chinese Religions | series = Wiley Blackwell Companions to Religion | volume = 82 | editor-last = Nadeau | editor-first = Randall L. | location = | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-1444361971 | chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=FmnKSfAS4PcC | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Jones | first = Stephen | year = 2013 | title = In Search of the Folk Daoists of North China | publisher = Ashgate Publishing | location = | url = |isbn = 978-1409481300 |ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Lagerwey | first1 = John | last2 = Kalinowski | first2 = Marc | year = 2008 | title = Early Chinese Religion: Part One: Shang Through Han (1250 BC-220 AD) | series= Early Chinese Religion | publisher = Brill | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Idhyr1hqS0kC |isbn = 978-9004168350 |ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Law | first = Pui-Lam | authorlink = | title = The Revival of Folk Religion and Gender Relationships in Rural China: A Preliminary Observation | journal = Asian Folklore Studies | volume = 64 | issue = | pages = 89–109 | date = 2005 | language = | url = http://nirc.nanzan-u.ac.jp/nfile/672 | jstor = | issn = | doi = | accessdate = | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Li | first = Ganlang | year = 2009 | title = 台灣古建築圖解事典 | edition = 四版五刷 | publisher = 遠流出版社 | location = Taipei | url = | isbn = 978-9573249573 | pages = 47–49 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Li | first = Lan | year = 2016 | title = Popular Religion in Modern China: The New Role of Nuo | series = | volume = | publisher = Routledge | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pwrPCwAAQBAJ | isbn = 978-1317077954 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Libbrecht | first = Ulrich | authorlink = | year = 2007 | title = Within the Four Seas...: Introduction to Comparative Philosophy | publisher = Peeters Publishers | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=rmT3ZHGxJPgC |isbn = 978-9042918122 |ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Little | first1 = Stephen | last2 = Eichman | first2 = Shawn | year = 2000 | title = Taoism and the Arts of China | publisher = University of California Press | location = | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5ame4Rl1RXMC |isbn = 978-0520227859 |ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Littlejohn | first = Ronnie | authorlink = | year = 2010 | title = Confucianism: An Introduction | publisher = I. B. Tauris | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=_RZe8Hr57NEC |isbn = 978-1848851740 |ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Lü | first1 = Daji | last2 = Gong | first2 = Xuezeng | authorlink = | year = 2014 | title = Marxism and Religion | series = Religious Studies in Contemporary China | publisher = Brill | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=6r0FAwAAQBAJ |isbn = 978-9047428022 |ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Medhurst | first = Walter H. | year = 1847 | title = A Dissertation on the Theology of the Chinese, with a View to the Elucidation of the Most Appropriate Term for Expressing the Deity, in the Chinese Language | publisher = Mission Press | location = | url = https://archive.org/details/pli.kerala.rare.13521 | isbn = | ref = harv }} Original preserved at The British Library. Digitalised in 2014. * {{cite book | last = Mou | first = Zhongjian | year = 2012 | title = Taoism | publisher = Brill | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=OtkMuSA5pNsC | isbn = 978-9004174535 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Overmyer | first = Daniel L. |authorlink = | year = 1986 | title = Religions of China: The World as a Living System | publisher = Harper & Row | location = Novi Eboraci | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=nYkbAAAAQBAJ | isbn = 9781478609896| ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Overmyer | first = Daniel L. | year = 2009 | title = Local Religion in North China in the Twentieth Century: The Structure and Organization of Community Rituals and Beliefs | publisher = Brill | location = Leiden; Boston | url = http://cnqzu.com/library/To%20Organize/Books/Brill%20Ebooks/Brill._Handbook_of_Oriental_Studies/Brill.%20Handbook%20of%20Oriental%20Studies/Local_Religion_in_North_China_in_the_Twentieth_Century__Handbook_of_Oriental_Studies_.pdf | isbn = 9789047429364 | ref = harv | access-date = 24 May 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150616021930/http://cnqzu.com/library/To%20Organize/Books/Brill%20Ebooks/Brill._Handbook_of_Oriental_Studies/Brill.%20Handbook%20of%20Oriental%20Studies/Local_Religion_in_North_China_in_the_Twentieth_Century__Handbook_of_Oriental_Studies_.pdf | archive-date = 16 June 2015 | url-status = dead }} * {{cite journal | last = Ownby | first = David | authorlink = | title = Sect and Secularism in Reading the Modern Chinese Religious Experience | journal = Archives de Sciences Sociales des Religions | volume = 144 | issue = 144| pages = | year = 2008 | language = | url = http://assr.revues.org/17633 | jstor = | issn = | doi = 10.4000/assr.17633 | accessdate = | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Palmer | first = David A. | authorlink = | title = Chinese Redemptive Societies and Salvationist Religion: Historical Phenomenon or Sociological Category? | journal = Journal of Chinese Ritual, Theatre and Folklore | volume = 172 | issue = | pages = 21–72 | year = 2011 | language = | url = http://hub.hku.hk/bitstream/10722/139685/1/Content.pdf?accept=1 | jstor = | issn = | doi = | accessdate = | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Paper | first = Jordan | year = 1995 | title = The Spirits are Drunk: Comparative Approaches to Chinese Religion | publisher = State University of New York Press | location = Albaniae Novi Eboraci | url = | isbn = 978-0791423158 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Pregadio | first = Fabrizio | year = 2013 | title = The Encyclopedia of Taoism | publisher = Routledge | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=R3Sp6TfzhpIC | isbn = 978-1135796341 | ref = harv }} Two volumes: 1) A-L; 2) L-Z. * {{cite book | last = Pas | first = Julian F. | year = 2014 | title = Historical Dictionary of Taoism | series = Historical Dictionaries of Religions, Philosophies, and Movements | publisher = Scarecrow Press | location = Albany, NY | url = | isbn = | asin = B00IZ9E7EI | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Payette | first = Alex | authorlink = | title = Local Confucian Revival in China: Ritual Teachings, 'Confucian' Learning and Cultural Resistance in Shandong | journal = China Report | volume = 52 | issue = 1 | pages = 1–18 | date = February 2016 | language = | url = http://chr.sagepub.com/content/52/1/1.abstract | jstor = | issn = | doi = 10.1177/0009445515613867 | accessdate = | ref = harv }} * {{cite encyclopedia | last = Sautman | first = Barry | authorlink = | year = 1997 | title = Myths of Descent, Racial Nationalism and Ethnic Minorities in the People's Republic of China |editor-first=Frank |editor-last=Dikötter |encyclopedia=The Construction of Racial Identities in China and Japan: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives | location = Honolulu | publisher = University of Hawai'i Press | pages = 75–95 |ISBN=9622094430| ref = harv }} * {{citation | last1 = Shahar | first1= Meir | last2 = Weller | first2 = Robert Paul | year = 1996 | title = Unruly Gods: Divinity and Society in China | publisher = University of Hawaii Press | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=gegRl__dR8EC | isbn = 978-0190258146 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Shi | first = Yilong 石奕龍 | authorlink = |script-title =zh:中国汉人自发的宗教实践 — 神仙教 | title = Zhongguo Hanren zifadi zongjiao shijian: Shenxianjiao | trans-title = The Spontaneous Religious Practices of Han Chinese Peoples — Shenxianism | journal = 中南民族大学学报 — 人文社会科学版 (Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities (Humanities and Social Sciences)) | volume = 28 | issue = 3 | pages = 146–150 | date = 2008 | language = | url = http://www.doc88.com/p-2949949083043.html | jstor = | issn = | doi = | accessdate = | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Shen | first1 = Qingsong | last2 = Shun | first2 = Kwong-loi | year = 2007 | title = Confucian Ethics in Retrospect and Prospect | publisher = Council for Research in Values & Philosophy | location = | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_iKjsm-JUbD0C| isbn = 978-1565182455 | ref = harv }} * {{cite encyclopedia | last = Tay | first = Wei Leong | year = 2010 | title = Kang Youwei: The Martin Luther of Confucianism and His Vision of Confucian Modernity and Nation | url = http://utcp.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp/publications/pdf/UTCPBooklet17_08_Tay.pdf |editor-first=Haneda |editor-last=Masashi |encyclopedia=Secularization, Religion and the State |publisher=University of Tokyo Center for Philosophy | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Sun | first1 = Xiaochun | last2 = Kistemaker | first2 = Jacob | year = 1997 | title = The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society | publisher = Brill | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=87lvBoFi8A0C |isbn = 978-9004107373 |ref = harv }} * {{citation | first = Stephen F. | last = Teiser |authorlink = | chapter = The Spirits of Chinese Religion | pages = | title = Religions of China in Practice | series = | volume = | editor = Donald S. Lopez Jr. | location = Princeton, NJ | publisher = Princeton University Press | year = 1996 | isbn = | chapter-url = http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/cosmos/main/spirits_of_chinese_religion.pdf | ref = harv }}, extracts at ''[http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/cosmos/bgov/cosmos.htm The Chinese Cosmos: Basic Concepts]''. * {{cite journal | last = Teiser | first = Stephen F. | authorlink = | title = Popular Religion | journal = Journal of Asian Studies | volume = 54 | issue = 2 | pages = 378–395 | date = 1995 | language = | url = | jstor = 2058743| issn = | doi = 10.2307/2058743| accessdate = | ref= harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Wang | first = Mingming | authorlink = | title = A Drama of the Concepts of Religion: Reflecting on Some of the Issues of "Faith" in Contemporary China | journal = Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series | volume = | issue = 155 | page = 27 | date = 2011 | language = | url = http://www.ari.nus.edu.sg/wps/wps11_155.pdf | jstor = | issn = | doi = | accessdate = | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Wang | first = Robin R. | year = 2004 | title = Chinese Philosophy in an Era of Globalization | publisher = State University of New York Press | location = | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Cv8kM9sW3RUC | isbn = 978-0791460061 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Wu | first = Hsin-Chao | authorlink = | title = Local Traditions, Community Building, and Cultural Adaptation in Reform Era Rural China | journal = | volume = | issue = | pages = | publisher = Harvard University | location = | date = 2014 | language = | url = https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/13070033/Wu_gsas.harvard.inactive_0084L_11791.pdf?sequence=1 | jstor = | issn = | doi = | accessdate = | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Yang | first1 = Fenggang | last2 = Hu | first2 = Anning | authorlink = | title = Mapping Chinese Folk Religion in Mainland China and Taiwan | journal = Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion | volume = 51 | issue = 3 | pages = 505–521 | date = 2012 | language = | url = | jstor = | issn = | doi = 10.1111/j.1468-5906.2012.01660.x | accessdate = | ref = harv }} * {{citation | last = Yang | first = Mayfair Mei-hui | authorlink = | chapter = Ritual Economy and Rural Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics | pages = | title = Cultural Politics in a Global Age: Uncertainty, Solidarity and Innovation | series = | volume = | editor-last1 = Held | editor-first1 = David | editor-last2 = Moore | editor-first2 = Henrietta | location = Oxford | publisher = Oneworld Publications | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-1851685509 | ref = harv }}. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235730/http://www.religion.ucsb.edu/Faculty/yangm_files/23CulturalPolitics.pdf Available online]. * {{cite book |last = Yang |first = C. K. | authorlink = | year = 1961 | title = Religion in Chinese Society; a Study of Contemporary Social Functions of Religion and Some of Their Historical Factors | publisher = University of California Press | location = Berkeley | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=N2d09EhGBgkC | isbn = 9780520013711| ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Yao | first1 = Xinzhong | authorlink1 = | year = 2010 | title = Chinese Religion: A Contextual Approach | publisher = A&C Black | location = London | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GuINLKnJp0AC | isbn = 9781847064752 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Zavidovskaya | first = Ekaterina A. | authorlink = | title = Deserving Divine Protection: Religious Life in Contemporary Rural Shanxi and Shaanxi Provinces | journal = St. Petersburg Annual of Asian and African Studies | volume = I | issue = | pages = 179–197 | date = 2012 | language = | url = https://www.academia.edu/2071015 | jstor = | issn = | doi = | accessdate = | ref= harv}} * {{citation | last = Zhao | first = Dunhua | authorlink = | chapter = The Chinese Path to Polytheism | pages = | title = Chinese Philosophy in an Era of Globalization | series = | volume = | editor-last = Wang | editor-first = Robin R. | location = | publisher = | year = 2012 | isbn = 978-0791485507 | chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=7BMp7VT7G4oC | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Zhou | first = Jixu | authorlink = | title = Old Chinese "*tees" and Proto-Indo-European "*deus": Similarity in Religious Ideas and a Common Source in Linguistics | journal = Sino-Platonic Papers | volume = | issue = 167 | pages = | date = 2005 | language = | url = http://www.sino-platonic.org/complete/spp167_old_chinese_proto_indo_european.pdf | jstor = | issn = | doi = | accessdate = | ref= harv }} ===Commentarii=== *Duara, Prasenjit. [[2013]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140117123442/http://blogs.ssrc.org/tif/2013/11/21/chinese-religions-in-comparative-historical-perspective/ "Chinese religions in comparative historical perspective."] In ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140106153206/http://blogs.ssrc.org/tif/the-state-of-religion-in-china/ ''The state of religion in China.''] The Immanent Frame. *Madsen, Richard. [[2013]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131030065448/http://blogs.ssrc.org/tif/2013/10/10/secular-belief-religious-belonging/ "Secular belief, religious belonging."] In ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140106153206/http://blogs.ssrc.org/tif/the-state-of-religion-in-china/ ''The state of religion in China.''] The Immanent Frame. *Schneider, Nathan. [[2010]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140106153208/http://blogs.ssrc.org/tif/2010/09/23/the-future-of-chinas-past/ "The future of China’s past: An interview with Mayfair Yang."] The Immanent Frame. *Yang, Fenggang. [[2013]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140106153252/http://blogs.ssrc.org/tif/2013/10/31/stand-still-and-watch/ "Stand still and watch."] In [https://web.archive.org/web/20140106153206/http://blogs.ssrc.org/tif/the-state-of-religion-in-china/ ''The state of religion in China.'']'' The Immanent Frame. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Chinese folk religion}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160113165135/http://zumiao.jguo.cn/ ''China Ancestral Temples Network.''] *Dean, Kenneth. [[2010]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181019161639/http://www.boredinheaven.com/ ''Bored in Heaven.''] [[Pellicula documentaria]] de refectione religionis Sinensis et [[Taoismus|Taoismi]]. minuti. [[Categoria:Anthropologia religionis]] [[Categoria:Paganismus]] [[Categoria:Religio]] [[Categoria:Religio et civilitas]] [[Categoria:Religio et societas]]<!-- [[Categoria:Religio vulgaris Sinensis| ]] [[Categoria:Religiones Asiae Orientalis]] [[Categoria:Religio vulgaris]]--> {{Myrias|Philosophia}} 0tl69k2ghned4adaebgicpv353h6seo 0 291316 3965679 3557382 2026-06-19T22:12:32Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3965679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{discretiva}} * [[Luga (urbs)|Luga]] — urbs in Russia * [[Luga (flumen)|Luga]] — flumen in Russia * [[Luga (Saxonia)|Luga]] — urbs in [[Germania]] (Theodisce ''Lugau'') ru5aj49u2pnra0gzucinxkqzu7h1une 0 301101 3965709 3880111 2026-06-20T04:46:45Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965709 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossilrange|Chattian|Present}} | image = Emmelina monodactyla MHNT.jpg | image_caption = ''[[Emmelina monodactyla]]'' ([[Pterophorinae]]: [[Pterophorini]]) | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum= [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | superfamilia = [[Pterophoroidea]] | familia = [[Pterophoridae]] | taxon = Pterophoridae | familia_authority = [[Philippus Christophorus Zeller|Zeller]], [[1841]] | type_species = ''[[Pterophorus pentadactyla]]'' | type_species_authority = [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[1758]] | subdivision_ranks = [[Subfamilia]]e | subdivision = *[[Agdistinae]] *Deuterocopinae *[[Ochyroticinae]] *[[Pterophorinae]] | diversity = &gt;90 genera<br/>&gt;1000 [[species]] | diversity_link = Lepidopteran diversity }} '''Pterophoridae''' sunt [[familia (taxinomia)|familia]] [[lepidoptera|lepidopterorum]] quibus sunt [[ala]]e inusitate mutatae. Pertinent ad [[Apoditrysia]], sicut maiores papiliones, sed eorum dissimiles minusculae sunt et olim inter "[[microlepidoptera]]" digerebantur. Familia a [[Carolus Linnaeus|Carolo Linnaeo]] anno [[1758]] erecta est. [[Typus familiae]] est ''[[Pterophorus pentadactyla]].'' ==Descriptio et oecologia== [[Fasciculus:Platyptilia tetradactyla pupa.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Pupa (biologia)|Pupa]] ''[[Platyptilia tetradactyla|Platyptiliae tetradactylae]]'' ([[Pterophorinae]]: [[Platyptiliini]]).]] Anteriores Pterophoridarum [[ala]]e plerumque in duobus asseribus<!--spars--> curvatis consistunt, cum laxis saetis post. Quae collocatio collocationis [[Alucitidae|Alucitidarum]] similis leviter sunt, sed Alucitidis sunt plures [[pluma]]e [[symmetria|symmetricae]]. Alae posteriores similes videntur, sed eis sunt tres asseres. Alae in paucis generibus usitatiorum [[lepidoptera|lepidopterorum]] alarum similes sunt. Pterophoridae magni momenti [[oeconomia|oeconomici]] sunt ''[[Platyptilia carduidactyla]],'' [[pestis]] ''[[Cynara cardunculus|Cynarae cardunculae]]'' in [[California]], cum ''[[Platyptilia pica]]''<ref>MDA (1980)</ref> et ''[[Stenoptilodes antirrhina]]'' [[planta ornamentalis|plantas ornamentales]] ''[[Pelargonium x hortorum]]'' et ''[[Antirrhinum majus]]'' proprie laedere possint. Aliae Pterophoridae [[biologica pestium continentia|actores continentiae biologicae]] adhibentur ad species [[planta invasiva|plantarum invasivarum]]: ''[[Lantanophaga pusillidactyla]]'' contra ''[[Lantana camara|Lantganam camaram]],'' ''[[Oidaematophorus beneficus]]'' contra ''[[Ageratina riparia|Ageratinam ripariam]],'' ''[[Hellinsia balanotes]]'' contra ''[[Baccharis halimifolia|Baccharem halimifoliam]],''<ref>Palmer et Haseler 1992.</ref> et ''[[Wheeleria spilodactylus]]'' contra ''[[Marrubium vulgare]].''<ref>Baker 2002.</ref> ==Evolutio== [[Fossile|Fossilia]] ex ''[[Merrifieldia]]'' genere ex [[Oligocaenum|Oligocaeno]] [[Francia]]e exstantia agnoscuntur.<ref>L. Bigot, A. Nel, et J. Nel. [[1986]], "Description de la première espèce fossile connue de Ptérophore (Lepidoptera Pterophoridae)," ''Alexanor'' 14: 283–88.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sohn |first1=Jae-Cheon|last2=Labandeira|first2=Conrad|last3=Davis|first3=Donald|last4=Mitter|first4=Charles|date=[[2012]]-04-30|title=An annotated catalog of fossil and subfossil Lepidoptera (Insecta: Holometabola) of the world|journal=Zootaxa|volume=3286|issue=1|pages=1|doi=10.11646/zootaxa.3286.1.1|issn=1175-5334|doi-access=free}}.</ref> ==Taxinomia== Parvus lepidopterorum grex in genere ''[[Macropiratidae|Agdistopis]]'' saepe subfamilia Macropiratinarum intra Pterophoridas esse putatur, sed investigationes recentes indicant hunc gregem esse familiam separatam. Pterophoridae inter [[subfamilia]]s, [[tribus (taxinomia)|tribus]], et [[genus (taxinomia)|genera]] sic infra digeruntur,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gielis|first=Cees|date=[[2000]]-05-31|title=Division of the Pterophoridae into Tribes (Lepidoptera)|url=http://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Quad_3_0057-0060.pdf|journal=Quadrifina|volume=3|pages=57–60|via=ZOBODAT}}</ref> cum aliquot [[species|speciebus]]. '''Subfamilia [[Agdistinae]]''' * Genus ''[[Agdistis (lepidoptera)|Agdistis]]'' <small>Hübner, 1825</small> ** ''[[Agdistis bouyeri]]'' ** ''[[Agdistis linnaei]]'' '''Subfamilia [[Ochyroticinae]]''' * Genus ''[[Ochyrotica]]'' ** ''[[Ochyrotica bjoernstadti]]'' '''Subfamilia Deuterocopinae''' <small>Gielis, 1993</small> * Genus ''[[Deuterocopus]]'' * Genus ''[[Heptaloba]]'' * Genus ''[[Hexadactilia]]'' * Genus ''[[Leptodeuterocopus]]'' '''Subfamilia [[Pterophorinae]]''' <small>Zeller, 1841</small> * Tribus [[Tetraschalini]] ** Genus ''[[Tetraschalis]]'' ** Genus ''[[Titanoptilus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Walsinghamiella]]'' * Tribus [[Platyptiliini]] ** Genus ''[[Amblyptilia]]'' <small>Hübner, 1825</small> *** ''[[Amblyptilia acanthadactyla]]'' ** Genus ''[[Anstenoptilia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Asiaephorus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Bigotilia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Bipunctiphorus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Buszkoiana]]'' ** Genus ''[[Cnaemidophorus]]'' <small>Wallengren, 1862</small> *** ''[[Cnaemidophorus rhododactyla]]'' ** Genus ''[[Crocydoscelus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Fletcherella]]'' ** Genus ''[[Gillmeria]]'' <small>Tutt, 1905</small> *** ''[[Gillmeria ochrodactyla]]'' ** Genus ''[[Inferuncus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Koremaguia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Lantanophaga]]'' <small>Zimmermann, 1958</small> *** ''[[Lantanophaga pusillidactyla]]'' ** Genus ''[[Leesi (moth)|Leesi]]'' ** Genus ''[[Lioptilodes]]'' ** Genus ''[[Melanoptilia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Michaelophorus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Nippoptilia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Paraamblyptilia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Paraplatyptilia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Platyptilia]]'' <small>Hübner, 1825</small> [[Fasciculus:Platyptilia celidotus.jpg|thumb|''[[Platyptilia celidotus]]'' ([[Pterophorinae]]: [[Platyptiliini]]).]] [[Fasciculus:Platyptilia falcatalis.jpg|thumb|''[[Platyptilia falcatalis]]'' ([[Pterophorinae]]: [[Platyptiliini]]).]] *** ''[[Platyptilia aarviki]]'' *** ''[[Platyptilia carduidactyla]]'' *** ''[[Platyptilia celidotus]]'' *** ''[[Platyptilia eberti]]'' *** ''[[Platyptilia falcatalis]]'' *** ''[[Platyptilia gonodactyla]]'' *** ''[[Platyptilia nussi]]'' ** Genus ''[[Platyptiliodes]]'' ** Genus ''[[Postplatyptilia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Quadriptilia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Sinpunctiptilia]]'' *** ''[[Sinpunctiptilia emissalis]]'' ** Genus ''[[Sochchora]]'' ** Genus ''[[Sphenarches]]'' ** Genus ''[[Stenoptilia]]'' <small>Hübner, 1825</small> *** ''[[Stenoptilia bipunctidactyla]]'' *** ''[[Stenoptilia kiitulo]]'' *** ''[[Stenoptilia pterodactyla]]'' *** ''[[Stenoptilia zophodactylus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Stenoptilodes]]'' <small>Zimmermann, 1958</small> *** ''[[Stenoptilodes antirrhina]]'' ** Genus ''[[Stockophorus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Uroloba]]'' ** Genus ''[[Vietteilus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Xyroptila]]'' * Tribus [[Exelastini]] ** Genus ''[[Arcoptilia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Exelastis]]'' *** ''[[Exelastis caroli]]'' ** Genus ''[[Fuscoptilia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Marasmarcha]]'' ** Genus ''[[Parafuscoptilia]]'' * Tribus [[Oxyptilini]] ** Genus ''[[Apoxyptilus]]'' <small>Alipanah et al., 2010</small> ** Genus ''[[Buckleria]]'' <small>Tutt, 1905</small> *** ''[[Buckleria vanderwolfi]]'' ** Genus ''[[Capperia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Crombrugghia]]'' [[Fasciculus:Pterophoridae Plume Moth Stenodacma wahlbergi 8231.jpg|thumb|''[[Stenodacma wahlbergi]]'' (Pterophorinae: [[Oxyptilini]]).]] ** Genus ''[[Dejongia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Eucapperia]]'' *** ''[[Eucapperia continentalis]]'' ** Genus ''[[Geina]]'' ** Genus ''[[Intercapperia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Megalorhipida]]'' <small>Amsel, 1935</small> *** ''[[Megalorrhipida leucodactyla]]'' ** Genus ''[[Oxyptilus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Paracapperia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Prichotilus]]'' <small>Rose and Pooni, 2003</small> ** Genus ''[[Procapperia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Pseudoxyptilus]]'' <small>Alipanah et al., 2010</small> ** Genus ''[[Stangeia]]'' <small>Tutt, 1905</small> *** ''[[Stangeia xerodes]]'' [[Fasciculus:Stangeia xerodes.jpg|thumb|''[[Stangeia xerodes]]'' ([[Pterophorinae]]: [[Oxyptilini]]).]] ** Genus ''[[Stenodacma]]'' ** Genus ''[[Tomotilus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Trichoptilus]]'' * Tribus [[Oidaematophorini]] ** Genus ''[[Adaina]]'' ** Genus ''[[Crassuncus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Emmelina]]'' <small>Tutt, 1905</small> *** ''[[Emmelina monodactyla]]'' ** Genus ''[[Gypsochares]]'' ** Genus ''[[Hellinsia]]'' <small>Tutt, 1905</small> *** ''[[Hellinsia balanotes]]'' *** ''[[Hellinsia emmelinoida]]'' ** Genus ''[[Helpaphorus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Karachia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Oidaematophorus]]'' <small>Wallengren, 1862</small> *** ''[[Oidaematophorus beneficus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Picardia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Pselnophorus]]'' <small>Wallengren, 1881</small> *** ''[[Pselnophorus meruensis]]'' ** Genus ''[[Puerphorus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Setosipennula]]'' * Tribus [[Pterophorini]] ** Genus ''[[Calyciphora]]'' ** Genus ''[[Cosmoclostis]]'' *** ''[[Cosmoclostis aglaodesma]]'' *** ''[[Cosmoclostis hemiadelpha]]'' *** ''[[Cosmoclostis pesseuta]]'' ** Genus ''[[Diacrotricha]]'' ** Genus ''[[Imbophorus]]'' *** ''[[Imbophorus aptalis]]'' *** ''[[Imbophorus leucophasmus]]'' *** ''[[Imbophorus pallidus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Merrifieldia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Oirata (lepidoptera)|Oirata]]'' ** Genus ''[[Patagonophorus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Porrittia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Pterophorus]]'' *** ''[[Pterophorus pentadactyla]]'' ** Genus ''[[Septuaginta (lepidoptera)|Septuaginta]]'' ** Genus ''[[Singularia]]'' ** Genus ''[[Tabulaephorus]]'' ** Genus ''[[Wheeleria]]'' <small>Tutt, 1905</small> *** ''[[Wheeleria spilodactylus]]'' ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Baker, J. [[2002]]. "Factors affecting the establishment of a classical biological control agent, the horehound plume moth (''Wheeleria spilodactylus'') in South Australia." Dissertatio Ph.D., Department of Applied and Molecular Ecology, Adelaide University, Australia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120225070635/http://digital.library.adelaide.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/2440/21775/1/09phb1677.pdf PDF.] *Michigan Department of Agriculture. [[1980]]. "Geranium Plume Moth Quarantine." [http://www.michigan.gov/documents/MDA_Geranium_Plume_Moth_Quarantine_97321_7.pdf PDF.] *Palmer, W. A., et W. H. Haseler. [[1992]]. "Foodplant Specificity and Biology of Oidaematophorus balanotes (Pterophoridae): A North American Moth Introduced into Australia for the Control of ''Baccharis halimifolia.''" ''Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society'' 46 (3): 195–202). [http://research.yale.edu/peabody/jls/pdfs/1990s/1992/1992-46(3)195-Palmer.pdf PDF.]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}<!--Dead link|date=May 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes--> ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Pterophoridae|Pterophoridas}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q906219}} <!-- {wikispecies}} [usable, but incomplete and many genera are listed as incertae sedis in error --> * Mathews, D. L. [http://www.plumemoth.com/ Plumemoth.com, Florida Museum.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200214125955/http://delta-intkey.com/britin/lep/www/pteropho.htm "British Insects: the Families of Lepidoptera."] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130427010531/http://wiki.trin.org.au/PlumeMoths.WebHome "The Plume Moths of Australia."] * [https://www.beatus-lab.org/fun-stuff Volatus, pellicula motu lente.] [[Categoria:Familiae animalium]] [[Categoria:Pterophoridae| ]] snow4hqly0p42hmubza2qknif3v8siw 0 302376 3965676 3680174 2026-06-19T21:24:35Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3965676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Georgius Marcgravius''',<ref>"Georgius Marcgravius" in titulo operis 1648; "Georgius Markgraef" in titulo operis 1693</ref> [[Theodisce]] ''Georg Marggraf'' (natus [[Caropolis|Caropoli]] -Theodisce ''Liebstadt''- electoratus [[Saxonia]]e die [[20 Septembris]] [[1610]]; anno [[1644]] in [[Luanda|urbe S. Pauli de Luanda]] [[Angolia]]e mortuus), fuit [[astronomus]] et [[natura|rerum naturalium]] [[scriptor]]. Plures universitates frequentavit, inter quas [[universitas Rostochiensis|Rostochiensem]] et [[academia Lugduno-Batava|Lugduno-Batavam]]. In expeditione [[Brasilia Batava|Brasiliensi Batava]] ab anno [[1637]] participavit sub patronatu principis [[Iohannes Mauritius Nassaviae|Ioannis Mauritii Nassaviensis]]. Familia plantarum ''[[Marcgraviaceae|Marcgraviacearum]]'' genusque ''[[Marcgravia]]'' ad eius honorem nominantur. == Opera == [[Fasciculus:Historia-Naturalis-Brasiliae.jpg|thumb|''[[Historia naturalis Brasiliae]]'' (1648): titulus manu tinctus]] * 1648 (cum [[Gulielmus Piso|Gulielmo Pisone]]) : ''[[Historia naturalis Brasiliae]]''. Lugduni Batavorum: apud Franciscum Hackium [https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-osl_historia-naturalis-brasiliae_folioP678h1648-20882/page/n3/mode/2up Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000818648 Exemplar manu tinctum] * 1658 : "Tractatus topographicus et meteorologicus Brasiliae, cum eclipsi solari; quibus additi sunt illius et aliorum commentarii de Brasiliensium et Chilensium indole et lingua" in [[Iacobus Bontius]], [[Gulielmus Piso]], ''[[De Indiae utriusque re naturali et medica]]'' (Amstelaedami: apud Elzevirios) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002909064/page/n355/mode/2up pars ii pp. 1-39] * 1693 (cum [[Iacobus Bontius|Iacobo Bontio]] et [[Gulielmus Piso|Gulielmi Pisone]]) : ''Oost- en West-Indische warande: vervattende aldaar de leef- en genees-konst''. Amstelodami: Ian ten Hoorn {{Google Books|T1FpAAAAcAAJ}} {{Botanistae|Marcgr.}} == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Elly Albertin, "Fauna und Flora der „Neuen Welt“. Die Irrfahrt von Zeichnungen Eckhouts, Pisos und Markgrafs" in ''Brasilien: Entdeckung und Selbstentdeckung'' (1992) pp. 82–88 * Rebecca Parker Brienen, "From Brazil To Europe: The Zoological Drawings Of Albert Eckhout And Georg Marcgraf" in ''Early Modern Zoology: The Construction of Animals in Science, Literature and the Visual Arts'' (Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 2017) pp. 273–314 [https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789047422365/Bej.9789004131880.i-657_011.xml situs venalis] * L. Darmstaedter, "Georg Marcgrave und Wilhelm Piso, die ersten Erforscher Brasiliens" in ''Velhagen & Klasings Monatshefte'' (1928) pp. 649–654 * Eugene Willis Gudger, "George Marcgrave, the first student of American natural history" in ''Popular Science Monthly'' no. 81 (1912) pp. 250–274 * L. B. Holthuis, "[https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/317726 Marcgraf's (1648) Brazilian Crustacea]" in ''Zoologische Verhandelingen'' vol. 268 (1991) pp. 1-123 * Rodolpho von Ihering, "George Marcgrave: o primeiro sabio que veiu estudar a natureza do Brazil — 1638 a 44" in ''Revista do Museu Paulista'' vol. 9 (1914) pp. 307-315 [http://www.etnolinguistica.org/biblio:ihering-1914-marcgrave Textus?] * {{NDB|16|167||Marggraf, Georg|Uta Lindgren|118941011}} * Bruce MacBryde, "Rediscovery of G. Marcgrave's Brazilian Collections (1638-1644)" in ''Taxon'' vol. 19 (1970) pp. 349–350 [www.jstor.org/stable/1219062 JSTOR] * Dante Martins Teixeira, "Die Naturgeschichte Brasiliens in der Regierungszeit Johan Maurits of Nassau-Siegen (1637–1644): Die Bücher von Georg Markgraf und Willem Piso" in ''Johan Maurits of Nassau-Siegen (1604–1679) der Brasilianer: Aufbruch in neue Welten (Siegen: Johann-Moritz-Gesellschaft, 2004) pp. -79–80- * J. Moreira, "Marcgrave e Piso" in ''Revista da Museu Paulista'' vol. 14 (1926) pp. 649-673 * {{ADB|20|295|296|Marcgraf, Georg|Friedrich Ratzel|ADB:Marggraf, Georg}} * Neil Safier, "Beyond Brazilian Nature: The Editorial Itineraries of Marcgraf and Piso's Historia Naturalis Brasiliae" in Michiel Van Grosen, ed., ''The Legacy of Dutch Brazil'' (Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press, 2014) pp. 168-186 {{Google Books|pTiNAwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * P. J. P. Whitehead, "The biography of Georg Marcgraf (1610-1643/4) by his brother Christian, translated by James Petiver" in ''Journal of the Society for the Bibliography of Natural History'' vol. 9 (1979) pp. 301-314 [https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/epdf/10.3366/jsbnh.1979.9.3.301 Situs venalis] * P. J. P. Whitehead, "Georg Markgraf and Brazilian Zoology" in E. van den Boogaart, ed., ''Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen, 1604- 1679: A Humanist Prince in Europe and Brazil'' (Hagae Comitum: Johan Maurits van Nassau Stichting, 1979) pp. 424-471 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * Heinz Peter Brogiato, "[https://saebi.isgv.de/biografie/Georg_Markgraf_(1610-1644) Georg Markgraf]" apud ''Sächsische Biografie'' * Richard S. Westfall, "[http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/markgraf.html Markgraf (Marcgraf), Georg]" {{Lifetime|1610|1644|Marcgravius, Georgius}} [[Categoria:Alumni Academiae Lugduno-Batavae]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Rostochiensis]] [[Categoria:Astronomi Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Biologi Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Angoliae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Brasiliae]] q5hakpaezv4mnjzc41vetjhawj4mqcc 0 307497 3965702 3838270 2026-06-20T01:32:02Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965702 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} '''Principium non respuendi'''{{Convertimus}} ([[Francogallice]] ''non-refoulement'') est principium [[ius internationale|iuris internationalis]] quod exclusionem vel respuendum homines [[exsilium|exsuli]] ad civitatem prohibet, ubi libertatem vel vitam priveri potest. Et [[Conventio de statu profugorum]]<ref>Conventio de statu profugorum, Articulo 33</ref> et [[Conventio contra Torturam, alteram Atrocem, Inhumanam seu Humiliantem Tractationem seu Poenam]]<ref>Conventio contra Tortura, Articulo 3</ref> hoc principium confirmant. Etiam hoc pars [[ius cogens|iuris cogentis]] putatur [[humanitarium belli ius|humanitarii iuris]] rationis.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251216061020/https://ijrl.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/4/533.short "The jus cogens Nature of non-refoulement."]</ref> Etiam [[Conventio Europaea ad iura hominis defendenda]] (Articluo 3), [[Charta iurum fundamentalium Unionis Europaeae]] (Articulo 19) et [[Conventio Americana de Iuribus Humanis]] (Articulo 33) principium non respunendi admisit relatione interdioctionis [[tortura]]e et [[ius asyli|iuris asyli]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Ius asyli]] == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Iura humana]] [[Categoria:Ius]] [[Categoria:Ius internationale]] 4hbuo6zxj8p8j9v95ki4ptb2ffxdh38 828 311169 3965633 3965135 2026-06-19T14:48:19Z Grufo 64423 Modulum redintegravi 3965633 Scribunto text/plain require[[strict]] --- --- --- LOCAL ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Abstract utilities ]]-- ---------------------------- -- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers) local function zero_padded (str) return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str) end -- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting) local function natural_sort (var1, var2) return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) < var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) end -- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number local function get_parameter_name (par_str) local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end return tonumber(ret) end -- Return a copy or a reference to a table local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly) if refonly then return src end local newtab = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end return newtab end -- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len) local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key >= idx then if key > tmp then cache[key - len] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = 1 - idx for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + len] = val end end end return ret end -- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val else ret[key + len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = idx - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val elseif key < 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val else ret[key - len] = val end end end return ret end -- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and -- always parsing numeric strings as numbers local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey) local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey) if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey] = val src[skey] = nil end end -- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn) local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nn = nn + 1 nums[nn] = key else nw = nw + 1 words[nw] = key end end table.sort(nums) table.sort(words, sort_fn) return nums, words, nn, nw end --[[ Public strings ]]-- ------------------------ -- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local mkeywords = { ['or'] = 0, pattern = 1, plain = 2, strict = 3 } -- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local sortfunctions = { alphabetically = false, naturally = natural_sort } -- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers -- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) --[[ Meanings of the columns: col[1] = Loop type (0-3) col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3) col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]` col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]` A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`) ]]-- local mapping_styles = { names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 }, values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 }, values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 }, names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 }, names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 }, names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 }, values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 }, blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 } } -- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local memoryslots = { h = 'header', f = 'footer', i = 'itersep', l = 'lastsep', n = 'ifngiven', p = 'pairsep', s = 'oxfordsep' } -- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier local trim_parse_opts = { trim_none = { false, false }, trim_positional = { false, true }, trim_named = { true, false }, trim_all = { true, true } } -- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local isep_parse_opts = { splitter_pattern = false, splitter_string = true } -- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local psep_parse_opts = { setter_pattern = false, setter_string = true } -- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier local position_references = { add_nothing = 0, add_smallest_number = 1, add_last_of_sequence = 2, add_largest_number = 3 } -- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `let` --[[ Module's private environment ]]-- -------------------------------------- -- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`) local modulename = 'Module:Params' -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args` -- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also -- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available local refpipe = { call_for_each_group = true, --coins = true, count = true, evaluating = true, for_each = true, list = true, list_values = true, list_maybe_with_names = true, value_of = true } -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the -- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if -- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own -- (modified) copy available local refparams = { call_for_each_group = true, combining = true, combining_by_calling = true, combining_values = true, concat_and_call = true, concat_and_invoke = true, concat_and_magic = true, count = true, grouping_by_calling = true, mixing_names_and_values = true, renaming_by_mixing = true, renaming_to_sequence = true, renaming_to_uppercase = true, renaming_to_lowercase = true, --renaming_to_values = true, shifting = true, splicing = true, --swapping_names_and_values = true, value_of = true, with_name_matching = true } -- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we -- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its -- optimal value at Module talk:Params) local maxfill = 1024 -- The private table of functions local library = {} -- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position local static_iface = {} -- Create a new context local function context_new (child_frame) local ctx = {} ctx.frame = child_frame:getParent() ctx.opipe = child_frame.args ctx.oparams = ctx.frame.args ctx.firstposonly = static_iface ctx.iterfunc = pairs ctx.sorttype = 0 ctx.n_parents = 0 ctx.n_children = 0 ctx.n_available = maxfill return ctx end -- Move to the next action within the user-given list local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward) local nextfn if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if nextfn == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end if library[nextfn] == nil then if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0) else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ directive can only appear in first position', 0) end end remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward) return library[nextfn] end -- Main loop local function main_loop (ctx, start_with) local fn = start_with repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn if ctx.n_parents > 0 then error(modulename .. ': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end if ctx.n_children > 0 then error(modulename .. ', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end end -- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table local function set_strings (dest, opts, start_from) local cmd if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/') :match'^/*(.*[^/])' if cmd == nil then return start_from end local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1 local vname local chr for idx = 1, #cmd do chr = cmd:byte(idx) if chr == sep then for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] amap[key] = nil end argc = argc + 1 else vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)] if vname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' .. string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end table.insert(amap, vname) end end for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end return argc end -- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children` local function push_cloned_stack (ctx, tbl) local newparams = {} local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams } else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.n_children = currsnap end -- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or -- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil` local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg) if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end local tmp = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if tmp == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false end tmp = sortfunctions[tmp] if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false end return tmp or nil, 2, true end -- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let]|[...][number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]` local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after) local tbl, pin = {}, start_from local names if src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' and src[pin + 1] ~= nil and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then names = {} repeat names[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])] = src[pin + 2] pin = pin + 3 until src[pin] == nil or not src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' or src[pin + 1] == nil or src[pin + 2] == nil end local tmp = tonumber(src[pin]) if tmp ~= nil and math.floor(tmp) == tmp then if tmp < 0 then tmp = -1 end local shf = append_after - pin for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp do tbl[idx + shf] = src[idx] end pin = pin + tmp + 1 end if names ~= nil then for key, val in pairs(names) do tbl[key] = val end end return tbl, pin end -- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` -- class of modifiers local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style) local style local shf local tmp = src[n_skip + 1] if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1 else shf = n_skip end local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5] tmp = style[6] if tmp > -1 then karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then karg = tonumber(karg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg) end end tmp = style[7] if tmp > -1 then varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then varg = tonumber(varg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg) end end local dest, nargs = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf, n_exist) tmp = style[1] if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 2 end if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 1 end return dest, nargs, tmp, karg, varg end -- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of -- modifiers local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami) if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3 if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end local flg = opts[argc] if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax < 1) or (flg == 3 and ptn == repl) end -- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami) local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1 local keyw for _, val in ipairs(opts) do if state == 0 then nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1 ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false } else keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or ( state > 0 and mkeywords[keyw] > 0 ) then break else state = mkeywords[keyw] if state > 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end end end cnt = cnt + 1 end if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern was given', 0) end return ptns, nptns, cnt end -- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing` and `reinterpreting` modifiers local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp) local tmp local optslots, noptslots, argc = { true, true, true }, 3, start_from local trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain = true, false, true, true repeat noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc] if tmp == nil then break end tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp] trimn, trimu = tmp[1], tmp[2] optslots[1] = nil elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 iplain, isp = isep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc] optslots[2] = nil elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 pplain, psp = psep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc] optslots[3] = nil else break end argc = argc + 1 until noptslots < 1 return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc end -- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table local value_maps = { [0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end end, [1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end, [2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key tbl[key] = fn() end end, [3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end } -- Private table for `map_names()` local name_thieves = { [0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end } -- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn) local cache = {} name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric -- suffixes in its keys local function make_groups (src) -- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable! local prefix local gid local groups = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do -- `key` must only be a string or a number... if type(key) == 'string' then prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$' gid = tonumber(gid) or '' else prefix = '' gid = key end if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then prefix = tonumber(prefix) if prefix < 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end end groups[gid][prefix] = val end return groups end -- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and -- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length local function parse_placeholder_string (target) local skel = {} local canvas = {} local idx = 1 local s_pos = 1 local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false) while e_pos ~= nil do canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1) skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@' idx = idx + 2 s_pos = e_pos + 2 e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false) end if (s_pos > target:len()) then idx = idx - 1 else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end return skel, canvas, idx end -- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru) local key local val local spos1 local spos2 local pos1 local pos2 local pos3 = 0 local idx = 1 local lenplone = #str + 1 if isp == nil or isp == '' then if psp == nil or psp == '' then if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else tbl[idx] = str end return idx end spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else val = str end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = str:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val return idx end if psp == nil or psp == '' then repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end tbl[idx] = val idx = idx + 1 until pos2 == nil return idx end repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = val:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val until pos2 == nil return idx end -- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values` local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function -- MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local vars = {} local sortfn, tmp, do_sort = load_sort_opt(opts[2]) local argc = set_strings(vars, opts, tmp + 1) if argc < tmp then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end if next(tbl) == nil then if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven } elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end return argc end local cache local len if do_sort then local words cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end len = len + tmp else cache = {} len = 0 for key in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = key end end local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or '' for idx = 1, len do tmp = cache[idx] pmap[nss + 1] = pps pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs) nss = nss + 2 end tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and nss > 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp elseif nss > 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep end pmap[1] = vars.header or '' if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) } return argc end -- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric -- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options -- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters local function concat_params (ctx) local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe) if ctx.subset == 1 then -- We need only the sequence for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end else if ctx.subset == -1 then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then retval[key + nmax] = val else retval[key] = val end end end for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end return retval end -- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this -- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function flush_params (ctx, fn) local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end return end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end return end if ctx.subset ~= -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end end -- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value -- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth) if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(ctx.params) do fn_seq(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then flush_params(ctx, fn_oth) return end local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) local sequence = {} for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do sequence[key] = val end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end for idx = 1, nn do if sequence[nums[idx]] then fn_seq(nums[idx], sequence[nums[idx]]) else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end end if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end return end for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn_seq(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end end -- Finalize and return a concatenated list local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize) if len > 0 then local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and len > modsize * 2 then lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp elseif len > modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep end lst[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(lst) else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end --[[ Modifiers ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to library.sequential = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end ctx.iterfunc = ipairs ctx.subset = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.iterfunc = pairs ctx.subset = -1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to library.all_sorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to library.reassorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 2 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to library.setting = function (ctx) local argc = set_strings(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1) if argc < 2 then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|pipe to library.scoring = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local retval = 0 for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = tostring(retval) return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to library.squeezing = function (ctx) local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then newlen = newlen + 1 indices[newlen] = key store[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end table.sort(indices) for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx) local tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums = ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmax == nil then if key < nmin then nmin = key end nmax = key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end nnums = nnums + 1 tmp[key] = val end end if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin > nnums then ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax if ctx.n_available < 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' .. tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = '' end for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to library.clearing = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to library.cutting = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local len = #tbl if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end local tot = lcut + rcut if tot > 0 then local cache = {} if tot >= len then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end tot = len else for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then if key > len then cache[key - tot] = val else cache[key - lcut] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to library.cropping = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local nmin local nmax for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end if nmin ~= nil then local len = nmax - nmin + 1 if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end if lcut + rcut - len > -1 then for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end end elseif lcut + rcut > 0 then for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1 if lshift > 0 then for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx - lshift] = tbl[idx] tbl[idx] = nil end end end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to library.purging = function (ctx) local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params if len < 1 then len = len + table.maxn(tbl) if idx > len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = len - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to library.backpurging = function (ctx) local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local idx local tbl = ctx.params if len > 0 then idx = last - len + 1 else for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or key < idx) then idx = key end end if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end idx = idx - len if last < idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = last - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to library.shifting = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end local tbl = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val else tbl[key] = val end end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if key > nmax then nmax = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local shift = #tbl + 1 if shift < 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {} local nmax local nmin for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0 local tmp for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nsize = nsize + 1 cache[nsize] = key end end table.sort(cache) for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ] tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx) local sortfn if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn) else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil` if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment| -- [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to library.splicing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params local tmp1 = opts[1] local tmp2 local argc local pos local refp if tmp1 ~= nil then tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1) if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp2 ~= nil then refp = position_references[tmp2] if refp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) .. '’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end else refp = 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end if refp == 2 then for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end refp = 0 end tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key elseif key < tmp1 then tmp1 = key elseif key > tmp2 then tmp2 = key end end end end if tmp2 == nil then len = 0 elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2 elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end if len > 0 and pos + len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len) elseif len < 0 and pos - len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len) else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end ctx.params = tbl tmp1 = tonumber(opts[argc]) if len == 0 and (tmp1 == nil or tmp1 < 1) then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to add cannot be zero', 0) end if tmp1 == nil or tmp1 < 0 or math.floor(tmp1) ~= tmp1 then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end tmp2 = argc - pos + 1 for key = pos, pos + tmp1 - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp2] end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + tmp1 + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to library.imposing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2] return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to library.providing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1]) if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to library.discarding = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil then ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end if len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_name_matching = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_matching') local tmp local ptn local tbl = ctx.params local newparams = {} for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then tmp = ptn[1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tmp = tonumber(tmp) end newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp] else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then newparams[key] = val end end end end ctx.params = newparams return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx) local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_not_matching') local tbl = ctx.params if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then local tmp = targets[1][1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil else tbl[tmp] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local yesmatch local ptn for key in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_value_matching = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_matching') local nomatch local ptn for key, val in pairs(tbl) do nomatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val == ptn[1] then nomatch = false break end elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then nomatch = false break end end if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_not_matching') local yesmatch local ptn for key, val in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to library.trimming_values = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter -- 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only) local model = { title = tname, args = margs } value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.values_only) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only) value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax) end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1] local tbl = ctx.params if mix == '$#' then for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to --[[ library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tbl = ctx.params local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1]) local cache local len if do_sort then local words local wl cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end else cache = {} len = 0 for _, val in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter -- 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only) local model = { title = tname, args = rargs } map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.names_only) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only) map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn) local val = tbl[ptn] if val ~= nil then tbl[ptn] = nil tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = val end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)) end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local cache = {} if mix == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end else local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to --[[ library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template -- name|[let]|[...]|[number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe local tmp if opts[1] ~= nil then tmp = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local argc tmp, argc = load_child_opts(opts, 2, 0) local gargs = {} for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' and key < 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val else gargs[key] = val end end local groups = make_groups(ctx.params) for gid, group in pairs(groups) do for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end group[0] = gid model.args = group groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end ctx.params = groups return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.parsing = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim -- flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter -- setter]|[...]|pipe to library.reinterpreting = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local str = tbl[tmp] if str ~= nil then tbl[tmp] = nil parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.evaluating = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':') if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local new_opts, cache = {}, {} local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc for key, val in pairs(opts) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < 1 then new_opts[key] = val elseif key >= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end ctx.pipe = new_opts return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end local cache = {} local mix_k, mix_v = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$', ctx.pipe[2] local tmp if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key) end elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end else local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k) local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do tmp = tostring(key) for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end end for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] = table.concat(cnv_v) end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort order]|setting -- directives|...|pipe to library.combining = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end, 'combining' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort -- order]|setting directives|...|pipe to library.combining_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return val end, 'combining_values' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tname = ctx.pipe[1] if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = ctx.params } } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new -- parameter name|pipe to library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local mname = ctx.pipe[1] if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = ctx.pipe[2] if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] = tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) } return context_iterate(ctx, 4) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local magic = ctx.pipe[1] if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params) } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|snapshotting|pipe to library.snapshotting = function (ctx) push_cloned_stack(ctx, ctx.params) return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|remembering|pipe to library.remembering = function (ctx) push_cloned_stack(ctx, ctx.oparams) return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to library.entering_substack = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents + 1 if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl } else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then ctx.params = {} return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children if currsnap > 0 then ctx.params = ctx.children[currsnap] ctx.children[currsnap] = nil ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1 else local newparams = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.params = newparams end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to library.pulling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end local parent local tmp = ctx.n_parents if tmp < 1 then parent = ctx.oparams else parent = ctx.parents[tmp] end tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to library.detaching_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to library.dropping_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to library.leaving_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params } else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 ctx.n_children = currsnap return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to library.merging_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] local child = ctx.params ctx.params = parent ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to library.flushing = function (ctx) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local parent = ctx.params local currsnap = ctx.n_children for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end ctx.children[currsnap] = nil ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end --[[ Functions ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|count library.count = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local retval = 0 for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end ctx.text = retval return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2] -- |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value -- n]|[...] library.concat_and_call = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = concat_params(ctx) } return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend -- 1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- item n=value n]|[...] library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2) local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{ title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = concat_params(ctx) }) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend -- 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n= -- value n]|[...] library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx)) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name library.value_of = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local val local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then key = tonumber(key) val = ctx.params[key] -- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in -- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable) if val ~= nil and ( ctx.subset ~= -1 or key > #ctx.params or key < 1 ) and ( ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key <= #ctx.params and key > 0) ) then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end else val = ctx.params[key] if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list library.list = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = key ret[nss + 3] = kvs ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_values library.list_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! -- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = val nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' mixed_flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = '' ret[nss + 3] = '' ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = key ret[nss + 3] = kvs ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value -- 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] --[[ library.coins = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end return library.list_values(ctx) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = -- value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] library.unique_coins = function (ctx) local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params local tmp for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tmp = get_parameter_name(val) tbl[key] = opts[tmp] opts[tmp] = nil end return library.list_values(ctx) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext library.for_each = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or '' local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = table.concat(cnv) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append -- 1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...] -- |[named param n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1] -- |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- param n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local tmp if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then tmp = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val else opts[key] = val end end ctx.pipe = opts ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params) flush_params( ctx, function (gid, group) for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end group[0] = gid model.args = group ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end --- --- --- PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|new|pipe to static_iface.new = function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false) ctx.params = {} main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1)) return ctx.text end --[[ First-position-only functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|self static_iface.self = function (frame) return frame:getParent():getTitle() end --[[ Public metatable of functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- return setmetatable({}, { __index = function (_, query) local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end local func = static_iface[fname] if func ~= nil then return func end func = library[fname] if func == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end return function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname]) ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname]) main_loop(ctx, func) return ctx.text end end }) fdgmy2j5zj2k25i8s1rqr5wi8hre2zs 2 313004 3965733 3964748 2026-06-20T11:51:07Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965733 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php] [https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_url.php?s_sprache=en&p_publication=InscrIt-13-02,+00017] {{CIL|12|236}} {{AE|2007|00312}} {{AE|1979|00648}} {{AE|1922|00088}} {{CIL|6|501}} {{CIL|15|692}} {{CIL|15|693}} {{CIL|15|694}} {{CIL|15|695}} {{CIL|15|696}} {{CIL|15|697}} {{CIL|15|698}} {{CIL|15|699}} {{CIL|12|5678}} {{AE|2018|325}} {{CIL|13|5384}} {{CIL|13|80}} {{CIL|1|1503}} {{AE|2018|325}} {{CIL|6|988}} {{CIL|6|989}} {{CIL|6|990}} {{CIL|2|5041}} {{CIL|9|5564}} {{CIL|6|1304}} {{CIL|2|1964}} {{CIL|13|5380}} {{CIL|13|5381}} {{CIL|13|5384}} {{CIL|13|5368}} {{CIL|13|5366}} {{CIL|13|5371}} {{CIL|13|5373}} {{CIL|13|5375}} {{CIL|10|408}} {{CIL|15|554}} {{CIL|15|1087}} {{CIL|15|1024}} {{In usu}} CIL VI 28774 {{CIL|6|28774}} 53}} 1s{{2}} {{CIL|1|593}} {{AE|1986|333}} {{AE|1934|158}} habet et in religionibus locum ad expiandas suffitu domos. sentitur vis eius et in aquis ferventibus, neque alia res facilius accenditur, quo apparet ignium vim magnam ei inesse. fulmina, fulgura quoque sulpuris odorem habent, ac lux ipsa eorum sulpurea est. } {| class="wikitable" |«Εἴπας 'Ἥλιε χαῖρε' Κλεόμβροτος Ὡμβρακιώτης ἥλατ΄ἀφ΄ὑψηλοῦ τείχεος εἰς Ἀίδην, {{chem|31|15|PO|4|3-}} {{simbolo|Archaic L.svg|10}} b6sa2jfd5c6hewmin7h69vuf4sts4c2 3965734 3965733 2026-06-20T11:53:25Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965734 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php] [https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_url.php?s_sprache=en&p_publication=InscrIt-13-02,+00017] {{CIL|12|236}} {{AE|2007|00312}} {{AE|1979|00648}} {{AE|1922|00088}} {{CIL|6|501}} {{CIL|15|692}} {{CIL|15|693}} {{CIL|15|694}} {{CIL|15|695}} {{CIL|15|696}} {{CIL|15|697}} {{CIL|15|698}} {{CIL|15|699}} {{CIL|12|5678}} {{AE|2018|325}} {{CIL|13|5384}} {{CIL|13|80}} {{CIL|1|1503}} {{AE|2018|325}} {{CIL|6|988}} {{CIL|6|989}} {{CIL|6|990}} {{CIL|2|5041}} {{CIL|9|5564}} {{CIL|6|1304}} {{CIL|2|1964}} {{CIL|13|5380}} {{CIL|13|5381}} {{CIL|13|5384}} {{CIL|13|5368}} {{CIL|13|5366}} {{CIL|13|5371}} {{CIL|13|5373}} {{CIL|13|5375}} {{CIL|10|408}} {{CIL|15|554}} {{CIL|15|1087}} {{CIL|15|1024}} {{In usu}} CIL VI 28774 {{CIL|6|28774}} 53}} 1s{{2}} {{CIL|1|593}} {{AE|1986|333}} {{AE|1934|158}} habet et in religionibus locum ad expiandas suffitu domos. sentitur vis eius et in aquis ferventibus, neque alia res facilius accenditur, quo apparet ignium vim magnam ei inesse. fulmina, fulgura quoque sulpuris odorem habent, ac lux ipsa eorum sulpurea est. } {| class="wikitable" |«Εἴπας 'Ἥλιε χαῖρε' Κλεόμβροτος Ὡμβρακιώτης ἥλατ΄ἀφ΄ὑψηλοῦ τείχεος εἰς Ἀίδην, {{chem|31|15|PO|4|3-}} {{simbolo|{{simbolo| [[Fasciculus:Archaic L.svg|thumb]] |10}}|10}} mfyp5ukcwndac3kd634c0ajt1yyejfn 3965735 3965734 2026-06-20T11:54:08Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965735 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_ergebnis.php] [https://db.edcs.eu/epigr/epi_url.php?s_sprache=en&p_publication=InscrIt-13-02,+00017] {{CIL|12|236}} {{AE|2007|00312}} {{AE|1979|00648}} {{AE|1922|00088}} {{CIL|6|501}} {{CIL|15|692}} {{CIL|15|693}} {{CIL|15|694}} {{CIL|15|695}} {{CIL|15|696}} {{CIL|15|697}} {{CIL|15|698}} {{CIL|15|699}} {{CIL|12|5678}} {{AE|2018|325}} {{CIL|13|5384}} {{CIL|13|80}} {{CIL|1|1503}} {{AE|2018|325}} {{CIL|6|988}} {{CIL|6|989}} {{CIL|6|990}} {{CIL|2|5041}} {{CIL|9|5564}} {{CIL|6|1304}} {{CIL|2|1964}} {{CIL|13|5380}} {{CIL|13|5381}} {{CIL|13|5384}} {{CIL|13|5368}} {{CIL|13|5366}} {{CIL|13|5371}} {{CIL|13|5373}} {{CIL|13|5375}} {{CIL|10|408}} {{CIL|15|554}} {{CIL|15|1087}} {{CIL|15|1024}} {{In usu}} CIL VI 28774 {{CIL|6|28774}} 53}} 1s{{2}} {{CIL|1|593}} {{AE|1986|333}} {{AE|1934|158}} [[Fasciculus:Archaic L.svg|thumb]] habet et in religionibus locum ad expiandas suffitu domos. sentitur vis eius et in aquis ferventibus, neque alia res facilius accenditur, quo apparet ignium vim magnam ei inesse. fulmina, fulgura quoque sulpuris odorem habent, ac lux ipsa eorum sulpurea est. } {| class="wikitable" |«Εἴπας 'Ἥλιε χαῖρε' Κλεόμβροτος Ὡμβρακιώτης ἥλατ΄ἀφ΄ὑψηλοῦ τείχεος εἰς Ἀίδην, {{chem|31|15|PO|4|3-}} {{simbolo|{{simbolo| [[Fasciculus:Archaic L.svg|thumb]] |10}}|10}} 19gwxebn3j3ajihnr4uswut46352uly 0 316446 3965688 3957303 2026-06-20T00:25:00Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3965688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2025|3}} [[Fasciculus:Sean Baker and Samantha Quan.jpg|thumb|Recentissimi victores (''[[Anora]]''): [[Ioannes Baker]] et [[Samantha Quan]].]] '''Praemium Academiae Pelliculae Optimae''' ([[Anglice]] ''Academy Award for Best Picture'') est principale praemium ab [[Academia Artium et Scientiarum Cinematographicarum]] concessum, usitate finalis caerimoniae effectum, post categorias dispositoris, actoris, et actricis optimorum.<ref>[https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2021/04/were-the-2021-oscars-actually-kind-of-perfect-in-a-weird-robert-altman-ish-way Res.]</ref><ref>[https://www.indiewire.com/feature/oscars-best-picture-winners-ranked-1201902864/ Res.]</ref> Hoc praemium procuratoribus pelliculae datum est.<ref>[https://www.oscars.org/sites/oscars/files/2024-06/97_general_entry_faq.pdf?VersionId=PQN7POlIe1rIAUYmqhTW.82OyACcPkBA Res.]</ref> Ad 2009, categoria ab quinque nominatis ad decem expanda est, sed unico in 2021, numerus ut obligatorius confirmatus est.<ref>https://deadline.com/2021/06/oscars-changes-rules-ten-best-picture-nominees-1234784121/</ref> Ante 1944, numerus nominatorum suus per annos variaverant, tamquamque duodecim nominata sunt.<ref>In 1934 et 1935</ref> In totali, sescenta et undecim nominatis, et nonaginta et septem victores habuerunt. == Historia == Hoc praemium, cum nomine in [[Lingua Anglica|anglice]] ''Academy Award for Outstanding Picture'', simul undecim aliae categoriae, in primae caerimonia [[Praemium Oscar|Praemiae Academiae]] praesentatae sunt. Sed haec categoria sola non fuit ut daret ad excellentiam in pellicula, ''Academy Award for Unique and Artistic Picture'' ad [[Sunrise]] redditum est. Academia haec categoriam removere decrevit. Itaque, praemium cui [[Wings]] vicit (quid nunc Pellicula Optima praemium) factum unicum excelsissimum praemium ab Academia datum est.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20250418075341/https://time.com/5362713/academy-awards-new-film-category-history/</ref> In 1930, praemium ad ''Academy Award for Outstanding Production'' renominatum est. Iterumque ad ''Academy Award for Outstanding Motion Picture'' in 1941. Ad ''Academy Award for Best Motion Picture'' anno 1944 secutum est. Tandem, in anno 1962, ad ''Academy Award for Best Picture'', nomen hodiernum.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120225213027/http://awardsdatabase.oscars.org/ampas_awards/index.jsp</ref> == Victores et nominatis == '''(‡)''' victores indicat {| class="wikitable" |+''Academy Award for Outstanding Picture'' !Annus<ref>Annus Americanis emissionem pellicularum indicat.</ref> !Pellicula |- ! rowspan="3" |1927/1928 |'''‡''' '''''[[Wings]]''''' |- |''7th Heaven'' |- |''The Racket'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1928/1929 |'''‡''' ''[[The Broadway Melody|'''The Broadway Melody''']]'' |- |''Alibi'' |- |''The Hollywood Revue'' |- |''In Old Arizona'' |- |''The Patriot'' |} {| class="wikitable" |+''Academy Award for Outstanding Production'' !Annus !Pellicula |- ! rowspan="5" |1929/1930 |'''‡''' [[All Quiet on the Western Front|'''''All Quiet on the Western Front''''']] |- |''The Big House'' |- |''Disraeli'' |- |''The Divorcee'' |- |''The Love Parade'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1930/1931 |'''‡''' '''''[[Cimarron]]''''' |- |''East Lynne'' |- |''The Front Page'' |- |''Skippy'' |- |''Trader Horn'' |- ! rowspan="8" |1931/1932 |'''‡''' [[Grand Hotel|'''''Grand Hotel''''']] |- |''Arrowsmith'' |- |''Bad Girl'' |- |''The Champ'' |- |''Five Star Final'' |- |''One Hour with You'' |- |''Shanghai Express'' |- |''The Smiling Lieutenant'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1932/1933 |'''‡ ''[[Cavalcade]]''''' |- |''42nd Street'' |- |''A Farewell to Arms'' |- |''I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang'' |- |''Lady for a Day'' |- |''Little Women'' |- |''The Private Life of Henry VIII'' |- |''She Done Him Wrong'' |- |''Smilin' Through'' |- |''State Fair'' |- ! rowspan="12" |1934 |'''‡ ''[[It Happened One Night]]''''' |- |[[The Barretts of Wimpole Street|''The Barretts of Wimpole Street'']] |- |''Cleopatra'' |- |''Flirtation Walk'' |- |''The Gay Divorcee'' |- |''Here Comes the Navy'' |- |''The House of Rothschild'' |- |''Imitation of Life'' |- |''One Night of Love'' |- |''The Thin Man'' |- |''Viva Villa!'' |- |''The White Parade'' |- ! rowspan="12" |1935 |'''‡ [[Mutiny on the Bounty (pellicula 1935)|''Mutiny on the Bounty'']]''' |- |''Alice Adams'' |- |''Broadway Melody of 1936'' |- |''Captain Blood'' |- |''David Copperfield'' |- |''The Informer'' |- |''The Lives of a Bengal Lancer'' |- |''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' |- |''Les Misérables'' |- |''Naughty Marietta'' |- |''Ruggles of Red Gap'' |- |''Top Hat'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1936 |'''‡ ''[[The Great Ziegfeld]]''''' |- |''Anthony Adverse'' |- |''Dodsworth'' |- |''Libeled Lady'' |- |''Mr. Deeds Goes to Town'' |- |''Romeo and Juliet'' |- |''San Francisco'' |- |''The Story of Louis Pasteur'' |- |''A Tale of Two Cities'' |- |''Three Smart Girls'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1937 |'''‡ ''[[The Life of Emile Zola]]''''' |- |''The Awful Truth'' |- |''Captain Courageous'' |- |''Dead End'' |- |''The Good Earth'' |- |''In Old Chicago'' |- |''Lost Horizon'' |- |''One Hundred Men and a Girl'' |- |''Stage Door'' |- |''A Star is Born'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1938 |'''‡ ''[[You Can't Take It with You]]''''' |- |''The Adventures of Robin Hood'' |- |''Alexander's Ragtime Band'' |- |''Boys Town'' |- |''The Citadel'' |- |''Four Daughters'' |- |''Grand Illusion'' |- |''Jezebel'' |- |''Pygma'' |- |''Test Pilot'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1939 |'''‡ [[Gone with the Wind (pellicula)|''Gone with the Wind'']]''' |- |''Dark Victory'' |- |''Goodbye, Mr. Chips'' |- |''Love Affair'' |- |''Mr. Smith goes to Washington'' |- |''Ninotchka'' |- |''Of Mice and Men'' |- |''Stagecoach'' |- |''The Wizard of Oz'' |- |''Wuthering Heights'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1940 |'''‡ ''[[Rebecca (pellicula)|Rebecca]]''''' |- |''All This, and Heaven Too'' |- |''Foreign Correspondent'' |- |''The Grapes of Wrath'' |- |''[[The Great Dictator]]'' |- |''Kitty Foyle'' |- |''The Letter'' |- |''The Long Voyage Home'' |- |''Our Town'' |- |''The Philadelphia Story'' |} {| class="wikitable" |+''Academy Award for Outstanding Motion Picture'' !Annus !Pellicula |- ! rowspan="10" |1941 |'''‡ ''[[How Green Was My Valley]]''''' |- |''Blossoms in the Dust'' |- |[[Citizen Kane|''Citizen Kane'']] |- |''Here Comes Mr. Jordan'' |- |''Hold Back the Dawn'' |- |''The Little Foxes'' |- |''The Maltese Falcon'' |- |''One Foot in Heaven'' |- |''Sergeant York'' |- |''Suspicion'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1942 |'''‡ [[Mrs. Miniver|''Mrs. Miniver'']]''' |- |''49th Parallel'' |- |''Kings Row'' |- |''The Magnificent Ambersons'' |- |''The Pied Piper'' |- |''The Pride of the Yankees'' |- |''The Random Harvest'' |- |''The Talk of the Town'' |- |''Wake Island'' |- |''Yankee Doodle Dandy'' |- ! rowspan="10" |1943 |'''‡ [[Casablanca (pellicula)|''Casablanca'']]''' |- |''[[For Whom the Bell Tolls (pellicula)|For Whom the Bell Tolls]]'' |- |''Heaven Can Wait'' |- |''The Human Comedy'' |- |''In Which We Serve'' |- |''Madame Curie'' |- |''The More the Merrier'' |- |''The Ox-Bow Incident'' |- |''The Song of Bernadette'' |- |''Watch on the Rhine'' |} {| class="wikitable" |+''Academy Award for Best Motion Picture'' !Annus !Pellicula |- ! rowspan="5" |1944 |'''‡ ''[[Going My Way]]''''' |- |''Double Indemnity'' |- |[[Gaslight (pellicula 1944)|''Gaslight'']] |- |''Since You Went Away'' |- |''Wilson'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1945 |'''‡ ''[[The Lost Weekend]]''''' |- |''Anchors Aweigh'' |- |''The Bells of St. Mary's'' |- |''Mildred Pierce'' |- |''Spellbound'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1946 |'''‡ ''[[The Best Years of Our Lives]]''''' |- |''Henry V'' |- |It's a Wonderful Life |- |''The Razor's Edge'' |- |''The Yearling'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1947 |'''‡ ''[[Gentleman's Agreement]]''''' |- |''The Bishop's Wife'' |- |Crossfire |- |''Great Expectations'' |- |''Miracle on 34th Street'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1948 |'''‡ ''[[Hamlet (pellicula)|Hamlet]]''''' |- |''Johnny Belinda'' |- |''The Red Shoes'' |- |''The Snake Pit'' |- |''The Treasure of the Sierra Madre'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1949 |'''‡ ''[[All the King's Men]]''''' |- |''Battleground'' |- |''The Heiress'' |- |''A Letter to Three Wives'' |- |''Twelve O'Clock High'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1950 |'''‡ ''[[All About Eve]]''''' |- |''Born Yesterday'' |- |''Father of the Bride'' |- |''King Solomon's Mines'' |- |''Sunset Boulevard'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1951 |'''‡ ''[[An American in Paris]]''''' |- |''Decision Before Dawn'' |- |''[[A Place in the Sun]]'' |- |''[[Quo vadis (pellicula anni 1951)|Quo Vadis]]'' |- |''[[A Streetcar Named Desire (pellicula)|A Streetcar Named Desire]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1952 |'''‡ ''[[The Greatest Show on Earth]]''''' |- |''[[High Noon]]'' |- |''[[Ivanhoe (1952 pellicula)|Ivanhoe]]'' |- |''Moulin Rouge'' |- |''The Quiet Man'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1953 |'''‡ ''[[From Here to Eternity]]''''' |- |''Julius Caesar'' |- |''The Robe'' |- |''[[Roman Holiday]]'' |- |''Shane'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1954 |'''‡ ''[[On the Waterfront]]''''' |- |''The Caine Mutiny'' |- |''The Country Girl'' |- |''[[Seven Brides for Seven Brothers]]'' |- |''Three Coins in the Fountain'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1955 |'''‡ ''[[Marty (pellicula)|Marty]]''''' |- |''[[Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing]]'' |- |''Mister Roberts'' |- |''Picnic'' |- |''The Rose Tattoo'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1956 |'''‡ ''[[Around the World in 80 Days]]''''' |- |''Friendly Persuasion'' |- |''Giant'' |- |''The King and I'' |- |''[[The Ten Commandments (1956 pellicula)|The Ten Commandments]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1957 |'''‡ ''[[The Bridge on the River Kwai]]''''' |- |''[[12 Angry Men]]'' |- |''Peyton Place'' |- |''Sayonara'' |- |''[[Witness for the Prosecution (pellicula 1957)|Witness for the Prosecution]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1958 |'''‡ ''[[Gigi (pellicula)|Gigi]]''''' |- |''Auntie Mame'' |- |''[[Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (pellicula)|Cat on a Hot Tin Roof]]'' |- |''The Defiant Ones'' |- |''Separate Tables'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1959 |'''‡ ''[[Ben-Hur]]''''' |- |''Anatomy of a Murder'' |- |''The Diary of Anne Frank'' |- |''The Nun's Story'' |- |''Room at the Top'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1960 |'''‡ ''[[The Apartment]]''''' |- |''The Alamo'' |- |''Elmer Gantry'' |- |''Sons and Lovers'' |- |''The Sundowners'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1961 |'''‡ ''[[West Side Story]]''''' |- |''Fanny'' |- |''[[The Guns of Navarone]]'' |- |''The Hustler'' |- |''Judgment at Nuremberg'' |} {| class="wikitable" |+''Academy Award for Best Picture'' !Annus !Pellicula |- ! rowspan="5" |1962 |'''‡ ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (pellicula)|Lawrence of Arabia]]''''' |- |''[[The Longest Day (pellicula)|The Longest Day]]'' |- |''The Music Man'' |- |''Mutiny on the Bounty'' |- |''[[To Kill a Mockingbird (pellicula)|To Kill a Mockingbird]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1963 |'''‡ ''[[Tom Jones]]''''' |- |''America America'' |- |''[[Cleopatra (pellicula)|Cleopatra]]'' |- |''How the West Was Won'' |- |''[[Lilies of the Field]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1964 |'''‡ ''[[My Fair Lady (pellicula)|My Fair Lady]]''''' |- |''Becket'' |- |''Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb'' |- |''Mary Poppins'' |- |''Zorba the Greek'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1965 |'''‡ ''[[The Sound of Music (pellicula)|The Sound of Music]]''''' |- |''Darling'' |- |''[[Doctor Zhivago (pellicula)|Doctor Zhivago]]'' |- |''Ship of Fools'' |- |''A Thousand Clowns'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1966 |'''‡ ''[[A Man for All Seasons]]''''' |- |''Alfie'' |- |''The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming'' |- |''The Sand Pebbles'' |- |''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (pellicula)|Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1967 |'''‡ ''[[In the Heat of the Night]]''''' |- |''Bonnie and Clyde'' |- |''Doctor Dolittle'' |- |''[[The Graduate]]'' |- |''[[Guess Who's Coming to Dinner]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1968 |'''‡ ''[[Oliver!]]''''' |- |''Funny Girl'' |- |''[[The Lion in Winter]]'' |- |''Rachel, Rachel'' |- |''Romeo and Juliet'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1969 |'''‡ ''[[Midnight Cowboy]]''''' |- |''[[Anne of the Thousand Days]]'' |- |''Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid'' |- |''Hello, Dolly!'' |- |''Z'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1970 |'''‡ ''[[Patton]]''''' |- |''Airport'' |- |''Five Easy Pieces'' |- |''[[Love Story]]'' |- |''M*A*S*H'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1971 |'''‡ ''[[The French Connection]]''''' |- |''[[A Clockwork Orange (pellicula)|A Clockwork Orange]]'' |- |''[[Fiddler on the Roof (pellicula)|Fiddler on the Roof]]'' |- |''The Last Picture Show'' |- |''Nicholas and Alexandra'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1972 |'''‡ ''[[The Godfather (pellicula)|The Godfather]]''''' |- |''Cabaret'' |- |''Deliverance'' |- |''The Emigrants'' |- |''Sounder'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1973 |'''‡ ''[[The Sting]]''''' |- |''American Graffiti'' |- |''Cries and Whispers'' |- |''The Exorcist'' |- |''A Touch of Class'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1974 |'''‡ ''[[The Godfather Part II]]''''' |- |''Chinatown'' |- |''The Conversation'' |- |''Lenny'' |- |''[[The Towering Inferno]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1975 |'''‡ ''[[One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest (pellicula)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]''''' |- |''Barry Lyndon'' |- |''Dog Day Afternoon'' |- |''[[Jaws (pellicula)|Jaws]]'' |- |''Nashville'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1976 |'''‡ ''[[Rocky (pellicula)|Rocky]]''''' |- |''[[All the President's Men]]'' |- |''Bound for Glory'' |- |''Network'' |- |''[[Taxi Driver]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1977 |'''‡ ''[[Annie Hall]]''''' |- |''The Goodbye Girl'' |- |''Julia'' |- |''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope|Star Wars]]'' |- |''The Turning Point'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1978 |'''‡ ''[[The Deer Hunter]]''''' |- |''Coming Home'' |- |''Heaven Can Wait'' |- |''Midnight Express'' |- |''An Unmarried Woman'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1979 |'''‡ ''[[Kramer vs. Kramer]]''''' |- |''All That Jazz'' |- |''[[Apocalypse Now]]'' |- |''Breaking Away'' |- |''Norma Rae'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1980 |'''‡ ''[[Ordinary People]]''''' |- |''Coal Miner's Daughter'' |- |''[[The Elephant Man (pellicula)|The Elephant Man]]'' |- |''[[Raging Bull]]'' |- |''Tess'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1981 |'''‡ ''[[Chariots of Fire]]''''' |- |''Atlantic City'' |- |''On Golden Pond'' |- |''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' |- |''Reds'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1982 |'''‡ ''[[Gandhi (pellicula)|Gandhi]]''''' |- |''[[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]'' |- |''Missing'' |- |''[[Tootsie]]'' |- |''The Verdict'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1983 |'''‡ ''[[Terms of Endearment]]''''' |- |''The Big Chill'' |- |''The Dresser'' |- |''The Right Stuff'' |- |''Tender Mercies'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1984 |'''‡ ''[[Amadeus (pellicula)|Amadeus]]''''' |- |''[[The Killing Fields]]'' |- |''A Passage to India'' |- |''Places in the Heart'' |- |''A Soldier's Story'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1985 |'''‡ ''[[Out of Africa]]''''' |- |''[[The Color Purple (pellicula)|The Color Purple]]'' |- |''Kiss of the Spider Woman'' |- |''Prizzi's Honor'' |- |''[[Witness]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1986 |'''‡ ''[[Platoon]]''''' |- |''[[Children of a Lesser God]]'' |- |''[[Hannah and Her Sisters]]'' |- |''[[The Mission]]'' |- |''[[A Room with a View (pellicula)|A Room with a View]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1987 |'''‡ ''[[The Last Emperor]]''''' |- |''Broadcast News'' |- |''Fatal Attraction'' |- |''Hope and Glory'' |- |''Moonstruck'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1988 |'''‡ ''[[Rain Man]]''''' |- |''The Accidental Tourist'' |- |''Dangerous Liaisons'' |- |''Mississippi Burning'' |- |''Working Girl'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1989 |'''‡ ''[[Driving Miss Daisy]]''''' |- |''Born on the Fourth of July'' |- |''[[Dead Poets Society]]'' |- |''Field of Dreams'' |- |''My Left Foot'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1990 |'''‡ ''[[Dances with Wolves]]''''' |- |''Awakenings'' |- |''[[Ghost]]'' |- |''The Godfather Part III'' |- |''Goodfellas'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1991 |'''‡ ''[[The Silence of the Lambs]]''''' |- |''[[Beauty and the Beast (pellicula 1991)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' |- |''Bugsy'' |- |''[[JFK (pellicula)|JFK]]'' |- |''The Prince of Tides'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1992 |'''‡ ''[[Unforgiven]]''''' |- |''The Crying Game'' |- |''A Few Good Men'' |- |''Howards End'' |- |''Scent of a Woman'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1993 |'''‡ ''[[Schindler's List]]''''' |- |''The Fugitive'' |- |''In the Name of the Father'' |- |''[[The Piano]]'' |- |''The Remains of the Day'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1994 |'''‡ ''[[Forrest Gump]]''''' |- |''[[Four Weddings and a Funeral]]'' |- |''Pulp Fiction'' |- |''Quiz Show'' |- |''The Shawshank Redemption'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1995 |'''‡ ''[[Braveheart]]''''' |- |''Apollo 13'' |- |''[[Babe (pellicula)|Babe]]'' |- |''The Postman (Il Postino)'' |- |''Sense and Sensibility'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1996 |'''‡ ''[[The English Patient]]''''' |- |''Fargo'' |- |''Jerry Maguire'' |- |''Secrets & Lies'' |- |''Shine'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1997 |'''‡ ''[[Titanic (pellicula 1997)|Titanic]]''''' |- |''[[As Good As It Gets|As Good as It Gets]]'' |- |''[[The Full Monty]]'' |- |''Good Will Hunting'' |- |''L.A. Confidential'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1998 |'''‡ ''[[Shakespeare in Love]]''''' |- |''Elizabeth'' |- |''Life Is Beautiful'' |- |''[[Saving Private Ryan]]'' |- |''The Thin Red Line'' |- ! rowspan="5" |1999 |'''‡ ''[[American Beauty]]''''' |- |''The Cider House Rules'' |- |''The Green Mile'' |- |''The Insider'' |- |''[[The Sixth Sense]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2000 |'''‡ ''[[Gladiator (pellicula)|Gladiator]]''''' |- |''Chocolat'' |- |''Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon'' |- |''[[Erin Brockovich (pellicula)|Erin Brockovich]]'' |- |''Traffic'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2001 |'''‡ ''[[A Beautiful Mind (pellicula)|A Beautiful Mind]]''''' |- |''Gosford Park'' |- |''In the Bedroom'' |- |''[[The Lord of the Rings (series pellicularum)|The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring]]'' |- |''Moulin Rouge!'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2002 |'''‡ ''[[Chicago (pellicula)|Chicago]]''''' |- |''Gangs of New York'' |- |''The Hours'' |- |''[[The Lord of the Rings (series pellicularum)|The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers]]'' |- |''[[The Pianist (pellicula)|The Pianist]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2003 |'''‡ ''[[The Lord of the Rings (series pellicularum)|The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King]]''''' |- |''Lost in Translation'' |- |''Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World'' |- |''Mystic River'' |- |''Seabiscuit'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2004 |'''‡ ''[[Million Dollar Baby]]''''' |- |''The Aviator'' |- |''[[Finding Neverland]]'' |- |''Ray'' |- |''[[Sideways]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2005 |'''‡ ''[[Crash]]''''' |- |''[[Brokeback Mountain]]'' |- |''Capote'' |- |''Good Night, and Good Luck'' |- |''[[Munich (pellicula)|Munich]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2006 |'''''‡ [[The Departed (pellicula 2006)|The Departed]]''''' |- |''Babel'' |- |''Letters from Iwo Jima'' |- |''[[Little Miss Sunshine]]'' |- |''[[The Queen (pellicula)|The Queen]]'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2007 |'''''‡ [[No Country for Old Men]]''''' |- |''Atonement'' |- |''Juno'' |- |''Michael Clayton'' |- |''There Will Be Blood'' |- ! rowspan="5" |2008 |'''‡ ''[[Slumdog Millionaire]]''''' |- |''The Curious Case of Benjamin Button'' |- |''[[Frost/Nixon]]'' |- |''Milk'' |- |''The Reader'' |- ! rowspan="10" |2009 |'''‡ ''[[The Hurt Locker]]''''' |- |''[[Avatar (pellicula)|Avatar]]'' |- |''The Blind Side'' |- |''[[District 9 (pellicula)|District 9]]'' |- |''An Education'' |- |''Inglourious Basterds'' |- |''Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire'' |- |''A Serious Man'' |- |''Up'' |- |''Up in the Air'' |- ! rowspan="10" |2010 |'''‡ ''[[The King’s Speech|The King's Speech]]''''' |- |''[[Black Swan]]'' |- |''[[The Fighter (pellicula)|The Fighter]]'' |- |''[[Inception]]'' |- |''The Kids Are All Right'' |- |''127 Hours'' |- |''[[The Social Network]]'' |- |''[[Toy Story 3]]'' |- |''True Grit'' |- |''Winter's Bone'' |- ! rowspan="9" |2011 |'''‡ ''[[The Artist]]''''' |- |''The Descendants'' |- |''Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close'' |- |''The Help'' |- |''Hugo'' |- |''[[Midnight in Paris]]'' |- |''Moneyball'' |- |''The Tree of Life'' |- |''War Horse'' |- ! rowspan="9" |2012 |'''‡ ''[[Argo]]''''' |- |''Amour'' |- |''Beasts of the Southern Wild'' |- |''Django Unchained'' |- |''Life of Pi'' |- |''Lincoln'' |- |''Les Misérables'' |- |''Silver Linings Playbook'' |- |''Zero Dark Thirty'' |- ! rowspan="9" |2013 |'''‡ ''[[12 Years a Slave]]''''' |- |''American Hustle'' |- |''Captain Phillips'' |- |''Dallas Buyers Club'' |- |''Gravity'' |- |''Her'' |- |''Nebraska'' |- |''Philomena'' |- |''[[The Wolf of Wall Street (pellicula 2013)|The Wolf of Wall Street]]'' |- ! rowspan="8" |2014 |'''‡ ''[[Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)]]''''' |- |''American Sniper'' |- |''[[Boyhood]]'' |- |''[[The Grand Budapest Hotel]]'' |- |''The Imitation Game'' |- |''Selma'' |- |''The Theory of Everything'' |- |''Whiplash'' |- ! rowspan="8" |2015 |'''‡ ''[[Spotlight]]''''' |- |''The Big Short'' |- |''Bridge of Spies'' |- |''Brooklyn'' |- |''Mad Max: Fury Road'' |- |''The Martian'' |- |''The Revenant'' |- |''Room'' |- ! rowspan="9" |2016 |'''‡ ''[[Moonlight]]''''' |- |''Arrival'' |- |''Fences'' |- |''Hacksaw Ridge'' |- |''Hell or High Water'' |- |''Hidden Figures'' |- |''La La Land'' |- |''Lion'' |- |''Manchester by the Sea'' |- ! rowspan="9" |2017 |'''‡ ''[[The Shape of Water]]''''' |- |''Call Me by Your Name'' |- |''Darkest Hour'' |- |''Dunkirk'' |- |''Get Out'' |- |''Lady Bird'' |- |''Phantom Thread'' |- |''The Post'' |- |''Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri'' |- ! rowspan="8" |2018 |'''‡ ''[[Green Book]]''''' |- |''[[Black Panther]]'' |- |''BlacKkKlansman'' |- |''Bohemian Rhapsody'' |- |''The Favourite'' |- |''Roma'' |- |''A Star Is Born'' |- |''Vice'' |- ! rowspan="9" |2019 |'''‡ ''[[Parasite]]''''' |- |''Ford v Ferrari'' |- |''The Irishman'' |- |''Jojo Rabbit'' |- |''[[Joker (pellicula 2019)|Joker]]'' |- |''Little Women'' |- |''Marriage Story'' |- |''1917'' |- |''Once Upon a Time in Hollywood'' |- ! rowspan="8" |2020 |'''‡ ''[[Nomadland]]''''' |- |''The Father'' |- |''Judas and the Black Messiah'' |- |''Mank'' |- |''Minari'' |- |''Promising Young Woman'' |- |''Sound of Metal'' |- |''The Trial of the Chicago 7'' |- ! rowspan="10" |2021 |'''‡ ''[[CODA]]''''' |- |''Belfast'' |- |''Don't Look Up'' |- |''Drive My Car'' |- |''Dune'' |- |''King Richard'' |- |''Licorice Pizza'' |- |''Nightmare Alley'' |- |''The Power of the Dog'' |- |''West Side Story'' |- ! rowspan="10" |2022 |'''‡ ''[[Everything Everywhere All at Once]]''''' |- |''All Quiet on the Western Front'' |- |''Avatar: The Way of Water'' |- |''The Banshees of Inisherin'' |- |''Elvis'' |- |''The Fabelmans'' |- |''Tár'' |- |''Top Gun: Maverick'' |- |''Triangle of Sadness'' |- |''Women Talking'' |- ! rowspan="10" |2023 |'''‡ ''[[Oppenheimer (pellicula 2023)|Oppenheimer]]''''' |- |''American Fiction'' |- |''Anatomy of a Fall'' |- |''Barbie'' |- |''The Holdovers'' |- |''Killers of the Flower Moon'' |- |''Maestro'' |- |''Past Lives'' |- |''[[Poor Things (pellicula 2023)|Poor Things]]'' |- |''[[The Zone of Interest (pellicula 2023)|The Zone of Interest]]'' |- ! rowspan="10" |2024 |'''‡ ''[[Anora]]''''' |- |''The Brutalist'' |- |''A Complete Unknown'' |- |''Conclave'' |- |''Dune: Part Two'' |- |''Emilia Pérez'' |- |''I'm Still Here'' |- |''Nickel Boys'' |- |''The Substance'' |- |''Wicked'' |} ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus interni== * [[Praemia Academiae]] * [[Cinematographia]] ==Nexus externae== * [https://www.oscars.org| Situs electronicus Praemiorum Academiae]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [https://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/2025| Situs electronicus Praemiorum Academiae cum victoribus et nominatoribus]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Categoria:Cinematographia]] [[Categoria:Praemia]] 1dad7lw3wp9l3nj36tr7zi2u172yjt8 0 317811 3965719 3962386 2026-06-20T07:17:54Z Shiden 195398 Photographia mutata 3965719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Carolus Thaddeus Nawrocki''', vulgo plenius ''Karol Tadeusz Nawrocki'' ([[Gedanum|Gedani]] natus est die 3 Martii 1983), [[politicus]] [[historicus]]que [[Polonia]]e est. Quintus Instituti Nationalis Memoriae praeses fuit. A die 6 Augusti 2025 septimus [[Praeses Poloniae|praeses]] patriae. Eius pater, Ricardus (1949-2008), tornator, eius mater, Elisabeth (nata 1959), ligatrix librorum fuit. Carolus Nawrocki sororem habet, Ninam, quae pistor dulciarius est.<ref>[https://gdansk.gedanopedia.pl/gdansk/?title=NAWROCKI_KAROL_TADEUSZ,_prezydent_Polski Res.]</ref> == Vita propria == [[File:President_Donald_Trump_meets_with_and_poses_for_a_photo_with_Polish_presidential_candidate_Karol_Nawrocki_in_the_Oval_Office_(54491923778).jpg|thumb|right|[[Donaldus Trumpius]] et Carolus Nawrocki in [[Cancellaria Oblonga|Cancellariam Oblongam]] conveniunt, Kalendis Maiis anni 2025]] Ex die 22 Maii 2010 Carolus Nawrocki Marthae (nomen virginale Smoleń) maritus est. Habent filios Danielum et Antonium et filiam Catherinam. Carolus Nawrocki [[Catholicismus|catholicus]] est. Die 15 Novembrii 2013 gradum doctoris humanitatum adeptus est studiis nominatis "Resistentia Socialis contra Imperium Communistarum in Palatinatum Elbingum, 1976–1989 (Opór społeczny wobec władzy komunistycznej w województwie elbląskim (1976-1989)".<ref>https://bip.ug.edu.pl/st-tyt_nauk/33097/karol_tadeusz_nawrocki</ref> In prima computatione vocum die 18 Maii 2025 Nawrocki accepit 5 790 804 voces (29,54% omnium) obtinens secundam positionem. Eo ipso Nawrocki et Raphael Trzaskowski (31,36%) transivere in alteram computationem. Computatione altera die 1 Iunii 2025 praeses electus est accipiens 10 606 877 (50,89%). == Praeses Reipublicae Polonae == Die 6 Augusti 2025 iusiurandum dedit ante Conventum Nationalem in Seimo et summum imperium Exercitus Reipublicae Polonae accepit.<ref>https://tvn24.pl/polska/karol-nawrocki-prezydentem-kiedy-obejmie-urzad-ile-trwa-kadencja-oto-najwazniejsze-terminy-st8492131</ref> Die 3 Sempembrii 2025, Carolus Nawrocki a [[Donaldus Trumpius|Donaldo Trumpio]] accipitur. Die 5 Sempembrii 2025, Carolus Nawrocki papam [[Leo_XIV|Leonem XIV]] visitavit. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Karol Nawrocki|Carolum Nawrocki}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1983||Nawrocki, Carolus}} [[Categoria:Duces civitatum]] [[Categoria:Historici Poloniae]] [[Categoria:Politici Poloniae]] 3tna1bsn4objq125fo6uhsn5zcsgq76 4 322071 3965691 3965377 2026-06-20T00:38:59Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* "-karyotica" vel "-caryotica"? */ Reply 3965691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [...] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [...]|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse nostis [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki?uselang=qqx hunc nexum] per quem tandem inveni. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:37, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo melius invenire titula proposita pro articulo nondum existente? == Volui creare articulum pro "poset" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474715). Scio, quod est formula "subst:pcc" alicubi in hac Vicipaedia per quam statuitur titulum huius articuli. Sed nescio, et "bzgrep" iterum inutilis est. Estne methodus inventionis talium "titulorum articulorum nondum existentium"? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:47, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Formula {{fsn|pcc}} nescit quod nomen Latinum novae paginae (“nexui rubro”) assignandum sit, istud erit tibi eligendum. Ad formulam adhibendam tibi sufficiet titulum Latinum et linguā aliā scribere. E.g.: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|en=Partially ordered set|Aggregatio partim ordinata}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Aut, si vis, potes autem tesseram Vicidatorum praebere: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Non exstat ullus index paginarum creandarum. Nomina inveniuntur simul ac paginae creantur. Attamen, si quis paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinat'''issima'''” postea creet at ad [[:d:Q474715]] eam nectat, pagina ubi nexus ruber “Aggregatio partim ordinata” ostendebatur nunc ad paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinatissima” nectetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:13, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo citare librum, quod numerum librarium uniformem inter gentes caret? == [[Cancellum (mathematica)|Hac pagina]] conor citare librum quoddam, sed caret ISBN/NLUIG. Habet tamen numerum Catalogii Librarii Congressus (LCCN), sed nescio quomodo hanc numerum affigere rei citatae. Multas habeo gratias pro auxilio vestro! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:09, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) == Num verbum natio Anglico verbo “nation” respondet? == Salvete omnes! Hic scribo nec in [[Disputatio:Natio|pagina disputationis]] quod hoc verbum in multis commentariis est. Secundum [https://archive.org/details/practicalint00arno/page/41/mode/1up librum Arnoldi] “Natio is rarely used of a civilised and organised nation ; it means a people, or tribe, sprung from one race, of the same blood (nascor).” Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary Latin-English English-Latin” natio significat “a tribe, race, people, esp. uncivilized”, et verbum Anglicum nation significat “populus, gens (=people, stock), civitas (=body of citizens), respublica (=state), natio (=tribe, not highly civilized)”. Liber Arnoldi quoque monet ut iis vocabulis Latinis utamur. Commentarius [[Natio|natio]] illud Ciceronis habet: “Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt, nostra cīvitās nōn potest; …” in quo orator optimus populum Romanum a nationibus distinguet. Quid vobis videtur de hac re? Valete! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 20:58, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Haec "natio" a primis temporibus Vicipaediae originem obscuram ducit, mihi non placet, sed permulta corrigenda sunt, si eam mutare volumus. Civitas (de civibus), civitas sui iuris? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:09, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :: Aut etiam possibile est dicere, etiam secundum linguas recentiores, ipsam notionem “nationis” quodammodo “civitati” adversari. Id est, sunt qui putent, etiam linguis hodiernis, “nationem” (Anglice ''nation'', Italice ''nazione'', et cetera) semper aliquid minus civile quam “civitatem” (Anglice ''state'', Italice ''Stato'', et cetera), immo vero tribale, significare. Cum hoc tamen concordo, paginam illam nimis veterem esse atque redintegrandam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::Melius est quaedam omittere quam nihil corrigere. Video nos habere commentarios qui vocantur [[Civitas]] (Ang. [[w:en:State (polity)]]), [[Gens]] (Ang. [[w:en:Gens]], nescio cur hic commentarius Latine non sit solis de gentibus Romanis), [[Populus]] (Ang. [[w:en:People]]), [[Res publica]] (Ang. [[w:en:Republic]]), et [[Tribus (anthropologia)]] ([[w:en:Tribe]]). Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary”, tribus significat”originally a third part if the Roman people. Hence a tribe, a division of the Roman people …”. Hoc dictionarium monet ut verbo “natio” vel verbo “gens” utamur si scribere “tribe” velimus nec de tribubus Romanis scribamus. Vero non possum novum nomen commentarii [[Natio]] commendare quod nescio cur vikipedia tot commentarios habeat. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) ::::Pagina non est delenda, si hoc consulis. "Natio" [http://lexica.linguax.com/forc2.php?searchedLG=natio verbum est Latinum], cur id ne explicemus. Si nexum intervicialem ad paginam Anglicam male congruere putas, ita est, non perfectissime congruit. Sed cum de notionibus abstractis agitur, nexus interviciales saepius tales sunt. Hoc malum in Vicipaediα inevitabile est et hoc non est malum, si res explicatur. Paginae ipsius loca quaedam corrigenda est, Ciceronis interpretatio mutanda, et, quod maxime interest, inter [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Natio|nexus ad eam]] hi multi corrigendi sunt, ubi "natio" in modum Anglicum civitatem sui iuris significat. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:22, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::Pagina scilicet delenda non est. Vidi paginas in Vikipedia Hebraica et Ucrainica ad paginam Anglicam bene congruere nec nostram paginam. Natio est verbum Latinum, cuius sensu Latino uti debemus, nec sensi Anglico. Delere nolo sed mutare et fortasse movere. Eo consilio hunc sermonem coepi ut sensibus Latinis verborum uteremur. Vero nescio cur Vikipedia Anglica tot paginas habeat et quid sit discrimen inter “nation” et “state”, propter quod non possum verbum meliorum commendare. Potestne pagina Anglica nostrae paginae [[Natio]] esse [[w:en:Tribe]]? Tribus quoque verbum Latinum est sed secundum dictionarium non idem significat et verbum Anglicum tribe. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:24, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::: ''Tribus'' est quaedam divisio populi, non tota natio ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=tribus]). Possum falli, sed secundum illam Ciceronis sententiam (“Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt …”) mihi videtur praecipua differentia inter ''civitatem'' et ''nationem'' hoc esse, quod ''civitas'' rem publicam civium significat, ''nationes'' autem alios populos tamquam gentes spectatos. Ita ''civitas'' erat Roma, ''nationes'' erant ceteri populi. P.S. {{*Cfr}} etiam “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio” (Cic.). Nam Graecis erat una natio sed plures civitates. Hoc usu vocabulum mihi videtur fere eodem sensu adhiberi ac in linguis hodiernis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:07, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::::Nexus interviciales perutiles sunt (ad minimum, lectores novos nobis dirigunt!) sed non nos regunt. Omnis lingua, sicut [[civitas sui iuris]], libera est. Debemus (1) verba Latina Latinitate classica definire (2) alia verba quibus significationes cognatae sunt (e.g. gens, tribus, civitas) distinguere, nexibus datis (3) significationes apud Latinistas recentiores explicare, si differunt (4) praeter alia, de re principali pellucide disserere. :::::::Cicero his verbis, ''omnes nationes servitutem fere possunt: nostra civitas non potest'' (Phil. 10.10.20) inter ''nationes'' et ''nostram civitatem'' quoquomodo distinguere videtur ... sed alibi ''omnes <u>exteras</u> nationes'' et ''eruditissimam Graecorum nationem'' indicat (Imp. Pomp. 11.31; De Or. 2.4.18) -- unde intellego, apud Ciceronem, plures ''nationes'' exstitisse tam sub imperio S.P.Q.R. quam extra limites. Ex his sententiis, si volumus, inter civitatem et nationem facile erit distinguere: sed inter ''populos'' et ''nationes'' ...? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:06, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Nolite oblivisci ''gentes''&thinsp;! Cassell's nobis dicit (p. 742) ''international law'' locutionem Anglicam nostra lingua esse ''ius gentium,'' ac Traupman (ed. 3, p. 575) nobis dicit ''international'' ipsum verbum Anglicum esse ''inter gentes.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:12, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Sententias vestras perlegi et commentarium inveni [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311975311_On_the_Roman_Concept_of_Natio “On the Roman Concept of Natio”] quem quoque legi, et iam intellego quanta difficilis sit haec res. In libro Arnoldi et in dictionario legi nationem esse “esp. uncivilized”, nec autores Romanos scripisisse Nationem Romanam. Putavi nationem esse tribe nec unquam civilised nation. Iam nesio a bonus sit hic nexus. Veritus sum ne homines dum Latine scribebant solis nexibus uterentur, nec deliberarent quid sit verbum optimum. De pagina nostra [[Respublica]] vos consulere quoque volo. Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary” “'''republic''' ''respublica'', ''civitas'' (= state, simply): a —, as opp. to other forms of government, ''respublica'' (or ''civitas''” ''libera'' or ''popularis''.” Respublica et civitas idem significare mihi videntur. Nonne melius est movere hanc paginam ut novem nomen sit Respublica popularis? Haec res non est solo de nexu sed quoque de ipsa pagina. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:38, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse, sed iam est commentarius de "People's republic" in vicipaedia Anglica. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:31, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::: De differentia inter ''gentem'' et ''nationem'' conferatur etiam {{LTL|natio|335}}: “A ''gente'' aliquando ita differt, ut genus a specie: ''gens'' enim latius patet, et plures nationes complectitur, ut ''gens'' Graeca habet Atticos, Boeotos, Thebanos, qui ejusdem gentis nationes sunt.” Saepissime tamen gens et natio sunt synonyma. @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: Graeci non erant “uncivilized”, attamen erant natio vel plures nationes. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:53, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Multae paginae in Vicipaedia connexae sunt; ''United Nations'' vertitur ut [[Nationes Unitae]], multis cum fontibus (duabus encyclicis aliisque). Hoc mutare nequimus, et pagina de [[natio]]ne nec huic sensui contradicere debet; haec causa, cur paginae Anglicae '"Nation" ceterisque de hac natione moderna narrantibus alliganda sit. Sed de pagina [[Nationes mundi]], exempli gratia, iam dubito, et "civitates mundi" nationibus praeferam, [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:50, 4 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Iam intellego. Huic sensu, quo utuntur encyclici, contradicere scilicet nequimus. Gratias omnibus vobis ago quia mihi hanc rem explanavistis. :::::::::::{{ping|Grufo}}, Quaesivi nec inveni ubi Cicero nationem Graecam scripserit. Testimonium encyclicorum mihi videtur bonum esse, scire tamen volo ubi orator optimus his verbis usus sit. :::::::::::Valete. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 21:14, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: {{Op|[[De oratore]]}}, {{Vf|De oratore/Liber II|18|2.4.18}}: “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:09, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:45, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::De commentario qui [[Nationes mundi]] (Anglice [[w:en:List of sovereign states|List of sovereign states]]) vocatur, nonne melius nomen est “''Index civitatum sui iuris''”? :::::::::::Vide commentarios: :::::::::::* [[Civitas sui iuris]] :::::::::::* [[Index communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae]] :::::::::::* [[Index urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] :::::::::::* [[Index fluviorum Germaniae]] :::::::::::* [[Index asteroidum]] :::::::::::* [[Index siglorum ordinum ecclesiae catholicae]] :::::::::::Hic commentarius est index. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 16:50, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::Sic, [[Index civitatum sui iuris]] bonum nomen est, multae paginae huius generis in Vicipaedia Latina "indices" nominantur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:47, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::Vobis consentio. Hanc paginam satis antiquam renominare oportet. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:39, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::::Utrum possumus paginam renominate an oportet [[Formula:Movenda]] utere? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:21, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::Formula ad disputandum in pagina disputationis ponitur, sed nunc hic erat disputaio, fornula non necessaria est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:55, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::: Paginam movi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:02, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) == "-karyotica" vel "-caryotica"? == In pagina de [[Cellula|cellulis]] ambae formae extant. Videtur mihi melius, si unicam noscamus formam. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 03:14, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :"-caryotica" melius. Vocabulum est antiquum, Graecae originis (κάρυον), nullae sunt causae, ut "k" scribatur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:05, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::Consentio. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:16, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::"nullae sunt causae": consentiebam imprimis sed nunc occursit mihi formae "-karyota" esse in taxonomia Linnaeana. Etenim (cuius ratione fortasse) redirigitur [[Eucaryota]] ad "Eukaryota" et [[Procaryota]] ad "Prokaryota". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:38, 20 Iunii 2026 (UTC) 1391cbb4xlg71mruip2waz435bw8l6n 3965718 3965691 2026-06-20T07:10:22Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 /* "-karyotica" vel "-caryotica"? */ Reply 3965718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [...] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [...]|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse nostis [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki?uselang=qqx hunc nexum] per quem tandem inveni. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:37, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo melius invenire titula proposita pro articulo nondum existente? == Volui creare articulum pro "poset" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474715). Scio, quod est formula "subst:pcc" alicubi in hac Vicipaedia per quam statuitur titulum huius articuli. Sed nescio, et "bzgrep" iterum inutilis est. Estne methodus inventionis talium "titulorum articulorum nondum existentium"? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:47, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Formula {{fsn|pcc}} nescit quod nomen Latinum novae paginae (“nexui rubro”) assignandum sit, istud erit tibi eligendum. Ad formulam adhibendam tibi sufficiet titulum Latinum et linguā aliā scribere. E.g.: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|en=Partially ordered set|Aggregatio partim ordinata}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Aut, si vis, potes autem tesseram Vicidatorum praebere: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Non exstat ullus index paginarum creandarum. Nomina inveniuntur simul ac paginae creantur. Attamen, si quis paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinat'''issima'''” postea creet at ad [[:d:Q474715]] eam nectat, pagina ubi nexus ruber “Aggregatio partim ordinata” ostendebatur nunc ad paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinatissima” nectetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:13, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo citare librum, quod numerum librarium uniformem inter gentes caret? == [[Cancellum (mathematica)|Hac pagina]] conor citare librum quoddam, sed caret ISBN/NLUIG. Habet tamen numerum Catalogii Librarii Congressus (LCCN), sed nescio quomodo hanc numerum affigere rei citatae. Multas habeo gratias pro auxilio vestro! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:09, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) == Num verbum natio Anglico verbo “nation” respondet? == Salvete omnes! Hic scribo nec in [[Disputatio:Natio|pagina disputationis]] quod hoc verbum in multis commentariis est. Secundum [https://archive.org/details/practicalint00arno/page/41/mode/1up librum Arnoldi] “Natio is rarely used of a civilised and organised nation ; it means a people, or tribe, sprung from one race, of the same blood (nascor).” Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary Latin-English English-Latin” natio significat “a tribe, race, people, esp. uncivilized”, et verbum Anglicum nation significat “populus, gens (=people, stock), civitas (=body of citizens), respublica (=state), natio (=tribe, not highly civilized)”. Liber Arnoldi quoque monet ut iis vocabulis Latinis utamur. Commentarius [[Natio|natio]] illud Ciceronis habet: “Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt, nostra cīvitās nōn potest; …” in quo orator optimus populum Romanum a nationibus distinguet. Quid vobis videtur de hac re? Valete! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 20:58, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Haec "natio" a primis temporibus Vicipaediae originem obscuram ducit, mihi non placet, sed permulta corrigenda sunt, si eam mutare volumus. Civitas (de civibus), civitas sui iuris? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:09, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :: Aut etiam possibile est dicere, etiam secundum linguas recentiores, ipsam notionem “nationis” quodammodo “civitati” adversari. Id est, sunt qui putent, etiam linguis hodiernis, “nationem” (Anglice ''nation'', Italice ''nazione'', et cetera) semper aliquid minus civile quam “civitatem” (Anglice ''state'', Italice ''Stato'', et cetera), immo vero tribale, significare. Cum hoc tamen concordo, paginam illam nimis veterem esse atque redintegrandam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::Melius est quaedam omittere quam nihil corrigere. Video nos habere commentarios qui vocantur [[Civitas]] (Ang. [[w:en:State (polity)]]), [[Gens]] (Ang. [[w:en:Gens]], nescio cur hic commentarius Latine non sit solis de gentibus Romanis), [[Populus]] (Ang. [[w:en:People]]), [[Res publica]] (Ang. [[w:en:Republic]]), et [[Tribus (anthropologia)]] ([[w:en:Tribe]]). Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary”, tribus significat”originally a third part if the Roman people. Hence a tribe, a division of the Roman people …”. Hoc dictionarium monet ut verbo “natio” vel verbo “gens” utamur si scribere “tribe” velimus nec de tribubus Romanis scribamus. Vero non possum novum nomen commentarii [[Natio]] commendare quod nescio cur vikipedia tot commentarios habeat. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) ::::Pagina non est delenda, si hoc consulis. "Natio" [http://lexica.linguax.com/forc2.php?searchedLG=natio verbum est Latinum], cur id ne explicemus. Si nexum intervicialem ad paginam Anglicam male congruere putas, ita est, non perfectissime congruit. Sed cum de notionibus abstractis agitur, nexus interviciales saepius tales sunt. Hoc malum in Vicipaediα inevitabile est et hoc non est malum, si res explicatur. Paginae ipsius loca quaedam corrigenda est, Ciceronis interpretatio mutanda, et, quod maxime interest, inter [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Natio|nexus ad eam]] hi multi corrigendi sunt, ubi "natio" in modum Anglicum civitatem sui iuris significat. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:22, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::Pagina scilicet delenda non est. Vidi paginas in Vikipedia Hebraica et Ucrainica ad paginam Anglicam bene congruere nec nostram paginam. Natio est verbum Latinum, cuius sensu Latino uti debemus, nec sensi Anglico. Delere nolo sed mutare et fortasse movere. Eo consilio hunc sermonem coepi ut sensibus Latinis verborum uteremur. Vero nescio cur Vikipedia Anglica tot paginas habeat et quid sit discrimen inter “nation” et “state”, propter quod non possum verbum meliorum commendare. Potestne pagina Anglica nostrae paginae [[Natio]] esse [[w:en:Tribe]]? Tribus quoque verbum Latinum est sed secundum dictionarium non idem significat et verbum Anglicum tribe. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:24, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::: ''Tribus'' est quaedam divisio populi, non tota natio ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=tribus]). Possum falli, sed secundum illam Ciceronis sententiam (“Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt …”) mihi videtur praecipua differentia inter ''civitatem'' et ''nationem'' hoc esse, quod ''civitas'' rem publicam civium significat, ''nationes'' autem alios populos tamquam gentes spectatos. Ita ''civitas'' erat Roma, ''nationes'' erant ceteri populi. P.S. {{*Cfr}} etiam “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio” (Cic.). Nam Graecis erat una natio sed plures civitates. Hoc usu vocabulum mihi videtur fere eodem sensu adhiberi ac in linguis hodiernis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:07, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::::Nexus interviciales perutiles sunt (ad minimum, lectores novos nobis dirigunt!) sed non nos regunt. Omnis lingua, sicut [[civitas sui iuris]], libera est. Debemus (1) verba Latina Latinitate classica definire (2) alia verba quibus significationes cognatae sunt (e.g. gens, tribus, civitas) distinguere, nexibus datis (3) significationes apud Latinistas recentiores explicare, si differunt (4) praeter alia, de re principali pellucide disserere. :::::::Cicero his verbis, ''omnes nationes servitutem fere possunt: nostra civitas non potest'' (Phil. 10.10.20) inter ''nationes'' et ''nostram civitatem'' quoquomodo distinguere videtur ... sed alibi ''omnes <u>exteras</u> nationes'' et ''eruditissimam Graecorum nationem'' indicat (Imp. Pomp. 11.31; De Or. 2.4.18) -- unde intellego, apud Ciceronem, plures ''nationes'' exstitisse tam sub imperio S.P.Q.R. quam extra limites. Ex his sententiis, si volumus, inter civitatem et nationem facile erit distinguere: sed inter ''populos'' et ''nationes'' ...? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:06, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Nolite oblivisci ''gentes''&thinsp;! Cassell's nobis dicit (p. 742) ''international law'' locutionem Anglicam nostra lingua esse ''ius gentium,'' ac Traupman (ed. 3, p. 575) nobis dicit ''international'' ipsum verbum Anglicum esse ''inter gentes.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:12, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Sententias vestras perlegi et commentarium inveni [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311975311_On_the_Roman_Concept_of_Natio “On the Roman Concept of Natio”] quem quoque legi, et iam intellego quanta difficilis sit haec res. In libro Arnoldi et in dictionario legi nationem esse “esp. uncivilized”, nec autores Romanos scripisisse Nationem Romanam. Putavi nationem esse tribe nec unquam civilised nation. Iam nesio a bonus sit hic nexus. Veritus sum ne homines dum Latine scribebant solis nexibus uterentur, nec deliberarent quid sit verbum optimum. De pagina nostra [[Respublica]] vos consulere quoque volo. Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary” “'''republic''' ''respublica'', ''civitas'' (= state, simply): a —, as opp. to other forms of government, ''respublica'' (or ''civitas''” ''libera'' or ''popularis''.” Respublica et civitas idem significare mihi videntur. Nonne melius est movere hanc paginam ut novem nomen sit Respublica popularis? Haec res non est solo de nexu sed quoque de ipsa pagina. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:38, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse, sed iam est commentarius de "People's republic" in vicipaedia Anglica. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:31, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::: De differentia inter ''gentem'' et ''nationem'' conferatur etiam {{LTL|natio|335}}: “A ''gente'' aliquando ita differt, ut genus a specie: ''gens'' enim latius patet, et plures nationes complectitur, ut ''gens'' Graeca habet Atticos, Boeotos, Thebanos, qui ejusdem gentis nationes sunt.” Saepissime tamen gens et natio sunt synonyma. @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: Graeci non erant “uncivilized”, attamen erant natio vel plures nationes. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:53, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Multae paginae in Vicipaedia connexae sunt; ''United Nations'' vertitur ut [[Nationes Unitae]], multis cum fontibus (duabus encyclicis aliisque). Hoc mutare nequimus, et pagina de [[natio]]ne nec huic sensui contradicere debet; haec causa, cur paginae Anglicae '"Nation" ceterisque de hac natione moderna narrantibus alliganda sit. Sed de pagina [[Nationes mundi]], exempli gratia, iam dubito, et "civitates mundi" nationibus praeferam, [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:50, 4 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Iam intellego. Huic sensu, quo utuntur encyclici, contradicere scilicet nequimus. Gratias omnibus vobis ago quia mihi hanc rem explanavistis. :::::::::::{{ping|Grufo}}, Quaesivi nec inveni ubi Cicero nationem Graecam scripserit. Testimonium encyclicorum mihi videtur bonum esse, scire tamen volo ubi orator optimus his verbis usus sit. :::::::::::Valete. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 21:14, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: {{Op|[[De oratore]]}}, {{Vf|De oratore/Liber II|18|2.4.18}}: “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:09, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:45, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::De commentario qui [[Nationes mundi]] (Anglice [[w:en:List of sovereign states|List of sovereign states]]) vocatur, nonne melius nomen est “''Index civitatum sui iuris''”? :::::::::::Vide commentarios: :::::::::::* [[Civitas sui iuris]] :::::::::::* [[Index communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae]] :::::::::::* [[Index urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] :::::::::::* [[Index fluviorum Germaniae]] :::::::::::* [[Index asteroidum]] :::::::::::* [[Index siglorum ordinum ecclesiae catholicae]] :::::::::::Hic commentarius est index. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 16:50, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::Sic, [[Index civitatum sui iuris]] bonum nomen est, multae paginae huius generis in Vicipaedia Latina "indices" nominantur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:47, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::Vobis consentio. Hanc paginam satis antiquam renominare oportet. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:39, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::::Utrum possumus paginam renominate an oportet [[Formula:Movenda]] utere? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:21, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::Formula ad disputandum in pagina disputationis ponitur, sed nunc hic erat disputaio, fornula non necessaria est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:55, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::: Paginam movi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:02, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) == "-karyotica" vel "-caryotica"? == In pagina de [[Cellula|cellulis]] ambae formae extant. Videtur mihi melius, si unicam noscamus formam. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 03:14, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :"-caryotica" melius. Vocabulum est antiquum, Graecae originis (κάρυον), nullae sunt causae, ut "k" scribatur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:05, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::Consentio. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:16, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::"nullae sunt causae": consentiebam imprimis sed nunc occursit mihi formae "-karyota" esse in taxonomia Linnaeana. Etenim (cuius ratione fortasse) redirigitur [[Eucaryota]] ad "Eukaryota" et [[Procaryota]] ad "Prokaryota". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:38, 20 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::Si alterum rectum [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 07:10, 20 Iunii 2026 (UTC) k8z1m9augncebxobssura0ys9rocxgl 3965724 3965718 2026-06-20T07:38:33Z Demetrius Talpa 81729 /* "-karyotica" vel "-caryotica"? */ 3965724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [...] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [...]|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse nostis [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki?uselang=qqx hunc nexum] per quem tandem inveni. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:37, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo melius invenire titula proposita pro articulo nondum existente? == Volui creare articulum pro "poset" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474715). Scio, quod est formula "subst:pcc" alicubi in hac Vicipaedia per quam statuitur titulum huius articuli. Sed nescio, et "bzgrep" iterum inutilis est. Estne methodus inventionis talium "titulorum articulorum nondum existentium"? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:47, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Formula {{fsn|pcc}} nescit quod nomen Latinum novae paginae (“nexui rubro”) assignandum sit, istud erit tibi eligendum. Ad formulam adhibendam tibi sufficiet titulum Latinum et linguā aliā scribere. E.g.: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|en=Partially ordered set|Aggregatio partim ordinata}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Aut, si vis, potes autem tesseram Vicidatorum praebere: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Non exstat ullus index paginarum creandarum. Nomina inveniuntur simul ac paginae creantur. Attamen, si quis paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinat'''issima'''” postea creet at ad [[:d:Q474715]] eam nectat, pagina ubi nexus ruber “Aggregatio partim ordinata” ostendebatur nunc ad paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinatissima” nectetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:13, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo citare librum, quod numerum librarium uniformem inter gentes caret? == [[Cancellum (mathematica)|Hac pagina]] conor citare librum quoddam, sed caret ISBN/NLUIG. Habet tamen numerum Catalogii Librarii Congressus (LCCN), sed nescio quomodo hanc numerum affigere rei citatae. Multas habeo gratias pro auxilio vestro! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:09, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) == Num verbum natio Anglico verbo “nation” respondet? == Salvete omnes! Hic scribo nec in [[Disputatio:Natio|pagina disputationis]] quod hoc verbum in multis commentariis est. Secundum [https://archive.org/details/practicalint00arno/page/41/mode/1up librum Arnoldi] “Natio is rarely used of a civilised and organised nation ; it means a people, or tribe, sprung from one race, of the same blood (nascor).” Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary Latin-English English-Latin” natio significat “a tribe, race, people, esp. uncivilized”, et verbum Anglicum nation significat “populus, gens (=people, stock), civitas (=body of citizens), respublica (=state), natio (=tribe, not highly civilized)”. Liber Arnoldi quoque monet ut iis vocabulis Latinis utamur. Commentarius [[Natio|natio]] illud Ciceronis habet: “Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt, nostra cīvitās nōn potest; …” in quo orator optimus populum Romanum a nationibus distinguet. Quid vobis videtur de hac re? Valete! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 20:58, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Haec "natio" a primis temporibus Vicipaediae originem obscuram ducit, mihi non placet, sed permulta corrigenda sunt, si eam mutare volumus. Civitas (de civibus), civitas sui iuris? [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 22:09, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :: Aut etiam possibile est dicere, etiam secundum linguas recentiores, ipsam notionem “nationis” quodammodo “civitati” adversari. Id est, sunt qui putent, etiam linguis hodiernis, “nationem” (Anglice ''nation'', Italice ''nazione'', et cetera) semper aliquid minus civile quam “civitatem” (Anglice ''state'', Italice ''Stato'', et cetera), immo vero tribale, significare. Cum hoc tamen concordo, paginam illam nimis veterem esse atque redintegrandam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:41, 29 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::Melius est quaedam omittere quam nihil corrigere. Video nos habere commentarios qui vocantur [[Civitas]] (Ang. [[w:en:State (polity)]]), [[Gens]] (Ang. [[w:en:Gens]], nescio cur hic commentarius Latine non sit solis de gentibus Romanis), [[Populus]] (Ang. [[w:en:People]]), [[Res publica]] (Ang. [[w:en:Republic]]), et [[Tribus (anthropologia)]] ([[w:en:Tribe]]). Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary”, tribus significat”originally a third part if the Roman people. Hence a tribe, a division of the Roman people …”. Hoc dictionarium monet ut verbo “natio” vel verbo “gens” utamur si scribere “tribe” velimus nec de tribubus Romanis scribamus. Vero non possum novum nomen commentarii [[Natio]] commendare quod nescio cur vikipedia tot commentarios habeat. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 14:38, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) ::::Pagina non est delenda, si hoc consulis. "Natio" [http://lexica.linguax.com/forc2.php?searchedLG=natio verbum est Latinum], cur id ne explicemus. Si nexum intervicialem ad paginam Anglicam male congruere putas, ita est, non perfectissime congruit. Sed cum de notionibus abstractis agitur, nexus interviciales saepius tales sunt. Hoc malum in Vicipaediα inevitabile est et hoc non est malum, si res explicatur. Paginae ipsius loca quaedam corrigenda est, Ciceronis interpretatio mutanda, et, quod maxime interest, inter [[Specialis:Nexus_ad_paginam/Natio|nexus ad eam]] hi multi corrigendi sunt, ubi "natio" in modum Anglicum civitatem sui iuris significat. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 18:22, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::Pagina scilicet delenda non est. Vidi paginas in Vikipedia Hebraica et Ucrainica ad paginam Anglicam bene congruere nec nostram paginam. Natio est verbum Latinum, cuius sensu Latino uti debemus, nec sensi Anglico. Delere nolo sed mutare et fortasse movere. Eo consilio hunc sermonem coepi ut sensibus Latinis verborum uteremur. Vero nescio cur Vikipedia Anglica tot paginas habeat et quid sit discrimen inter “nation” et “state”, propter quod non possum verbum meliorum commendare. Potestne pagina Anglica nostrae paginae [[Natio]] esse [[w:en:Tribe]]? Tribus quoque verbum Latinum est sed secundum dictionarium non idem significat et verbum Anglicum tribe. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:24, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::: ''Tribus'' est quaedam divisio populi, non tota natio ([https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=tribus]). Possum falli, sed secundum illam Ciceronis sententiam (“Omnēs nātiōnēs servitūtem ferre possunt …”) mihi videtur praecipua differentia inter ''civitatem'' et ''nationem'' hoc esse, quod ''civitas'' rem publicam civium significat, ''nationes'' autem alios populos tamquam gentes spectatos. Ita ''civitas'' erat Roma, ''nationes'' erant ceteri populi. P.S. {{*Cfr}} etiam “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio” (Cic.). Nam Graecis erat una natio sed plures civitates. Hoc usu vocabulum mihi videtur fere eodem sensu adhiberi ac in linguis hodiernis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 23:07, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) :::::::Nexus interviciales perutiles sunt (ad minimum, lectores novos nobis dirigunt!) sed non nos regunt. Omnis lingua, sicut [[civitas sui iuris]], libera est. Debemus (1) verba Latina Latinitate classica definire (2) alia verba quibus significationes cognatae sunt (e.g. gens, tribus, civitas) distinguere, nexibus datis (3) significationes apud Latinistas recentiores explicare, si differunt (4) praeter alia, de re principali pellucide disserere. :::::::Cicero his verbis, ''omnes nationes servitutem fere possunt: nostra civitas non potest'' (Phil. 10.10.20) inter ''nationes'' et ''nostram civitatem'' quoquomodo distinguere videtur ... sed alibi ''omnes <u>exteras</u> nationes'' et ''eruditissimam Graecorum nationem'' indicat (Imp. Pomp. 11.31; De Or. 2.4.18) -- unde intellego, apud Ciceronem, plures ''nationes'' exstitisse tam sub imperio S.P.Q.R. quam extra limites. Ex his sententiis, si volumus, inter civitatem et nationem facile erit distinguere: sed inter ''populos'' et ''nationes'' ...? [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 09:06, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Nolite oblivisci ''gentes''&thinsp;! Cassell's nobis dicit (p. 742) ''international law'' locutionem Anglicam nostra lingua esse ''ius gentium,'' ac Traupman (ed. 3, p. 575) nobis dicit ''international'' ipsum verbum Anglicum esse ''inter gentes.'' [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:12, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::Sententias vestras perlegi et commentarium inveni [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311975311_On_the_Roman_Concept_of_Natio “On the Roman Concept of Natio”] quem quoque legi, et iam intellego quanta difficilis sit haec res. In libro Arnoldi et in dictionario legi nationem esse “esp. uncivilized”, nec autores Romanos scripisisse Nationem Romanam. Putavi nationem esse tribe nec unquam civilised nation. Iam nesio a bonus sit hic nexus. Veritus sum ne homines dum Latine scribebant solis nexibus uterentur, nec deliberarent quid sit verbum optimum. De pagina nostra [[Respublica]] vos consulere quoque volo. Secundum dictionarium “Cassell’s Latin Dictionary” “'''republic''' ''respublica'', ''civitas'' (= state, simply): a —, as opp. to other forms of government, ''respublica'' (or ''civitas''” ''libera'' or ''popularis''.” Respublica et civitas idem significare mihi videntur. Nonne melius est movere hanc paginam ut novem nomen sit Respublica popularis? Haec res non est solo de nexu sed quoque de ipsa pagina. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:38, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse, sed iam est commentarius de "People's republic" in vicipaedia Anglica. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:31, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::: De differentia inter ''gentem'' et ''nationem'' conferatur etiam {{LTL|natio|335}}: “A ''gente'' aliquando ita differt, ut genus a specie: ''gens'' enim latius patet, et plures nationes complectitur, ut ''gens'' Graeca habet Atticos, Boeotos, Thebanos, qui ejusdem gentis nationes sunt.” Saepissime tamen gens et natio sunt synonyma. @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: Graeci non erant “uncivilized”, attamen erant natio vel plures nationes. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:53, 2 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Multae paginae in Vicipaedia connexae sunt; ''United Nations'' vertitur ut [[Nationes Unitae]], multis cum fontibus (duabus encyclicis aliisque). Hoc mutare nequimus, et pagina de [[natio]]ne nec huic sensui contradicere debet; haec causa, cur paginae Anglicae '"Nation" ceterisque de hac natione moderna narrantibus alliganda sit. Sed de pagina [[Nationes mundi]], exempli gratia, iam dubito, et "civitates mundi" nationibus praeferam, [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 20:50, 4 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::Iam intellego. Huic sensu, quo utuntur encyclici, contradicere scilicet nequimus. Gratias omnibus vobis ago quia mihi hanc rem explanavistis. :::::::::::{{ping|Grufo}}, Quaesivi nec inveni ubi Cicero nationem Graecam scripserit. Testimonium encyclicorum mihi videtur bonum esse, scire tamen volo ubi orator optimus his verbis usus sit. :::::::::::Valete. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 21:14, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::: @[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]]: {{Op|[[De oratore]]}}, {{Vf|De oratore/Liber II|18|2.4.18}}: “eruditissima illa Graecorum natio”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:09, 5 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::Gratias tibi ago! -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:45, 7 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::De commentario qui [[Nationes mundi]] (Anglice [[w:en:List of sovereign states|List of sovereign states]]) vocatur, nonne melius nomen est “''Index civitatum sui iuris''”? :::::::::::Vide commentarios: :::::::::::* [[Civitas sui iuris]] :::::::::::* [[Index communium Badeniae et Virtembergiae]] :::::::::::* [[Index urbium et communium Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]] :::::::::::* [[Index fluviorum Germaniae]] :::::::::::* [[Index asteroidum]] :::::::::::* [[Index siglorum ordinum ecclesiae catholicae]] :::::::::::Hic commentarius est index. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 16:50, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::Sic, [[Index civitatum sui iuris]] bonum nomen est, multae paginae huius generis in Vicipaedia Latina "indices" nominantur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 19:47, 9 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::Vobis consentio. Hanc paginam satis antiquam renominare oportet. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 13:39, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::::::Utrum possumus paginam renominate an oportet [[Formula:Movenda]] utere? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 15:21, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::Formula ad disputandum in pagina disputationis ponitur, sed nunc hic erat disputaio, fornula non necessaria est. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 15:55, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::::::: Paginam movi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:02, 10 Iunii 2026 (UTC) == "-karyotica" vel "-caryotica"? == In pagina de [[Cellula|cellulis]] ambae formae extant. Videtur mihi melius, si unicam noscamus formam. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 03:14, 16 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :"-caryotica" melius. Vocabulum est antiquum, Graecae originis (κάρυον), nullae sunt causae, ut "k" scribatur. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 12:05, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::Consentio. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:16, 17 Iunii 2026 (UTC) ::"nullae sunt causae": consentiebam imprimis sed nunc occursit mihi formae "-karyota" esse in taxonomia Linnaeana. Etenim (cuius ratione fortasse) redirigitur [[Eucaryota]] ad "Eukaryota" et [[Procaryota]] ad "Prokaryota". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:38, 20 Iunii 2026 (UTC) :::Si alterum rectum est, alyrtum fontibus biloolgicis testatum, unum eligere non possumus, eligas, quod velis. [[Usor:Demetrius Talpa|Demetrius Talpa]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Demetrius Talpa|disputatio]]) 07:10, 20 Iunii 2026 (UTC) 6srr1bbq9iiuk9i7i1lm2wg9mpj88de 10 324100 3965705 3952272 2026-06-20T02:59:34Z Grufo 64423 De opibus e quibus haec formula dependet: +[[Modulus:String]] 3965705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula in nuntiis systematis adhibita | custodes = usores | r3951355 = MediaWiki:Noarticletext | Buto | Idcirco verbatim | Modulus:String | Nexus ad recensendum | Nexus cum parametris | Pagella | Quaerebasne forte | Quaerebasne forte eodem titulo | Sin secus | Textus paginarum absentium/postilla }} {{Formula solitaria|MediaWiki:Noarticletext}} Haec est formula peculiaris tantummodo in pagina [[MediaWiki:Editnotice-118]] adhibita. Usoribus non est eā utendum. == De usu == '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Textus paginarum absentium}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Textus paginarum absentium}} == Subpaginae, subformulae et exemplaria == * {{relfn|Formula:Textus paginarum absentium/postilla}} * {{rel|Formula:Textus paginarum absentium/exemplaria}} * {{rel|Formula:Textus paginarum absentium/exemplaria/adumbratio}} * {{rel|Formula:Textus paginarum absentium/exemplaria/capitulum}} * {{rel|Formula:Textus paginarum absentium/exemplaria/pagina}} == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] * {{Fn|Quaerebasne forte}} * {{Fn|Quaerebasne forte eodem titulo}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae nullum argumentum accipiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> jdo9y0wlykdzhtmlxuq140p2bg4t39g 828 324255 3965707 3953312 2026-06-20T03:02:10Z Grufo 64423 De locis systematis ubi hic modulus adhibetur: +[[Formula:Textus paginarum absentium]] 3965707 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Modulus in nuntiis systematis adhibitus | custodes = usores | r3953021 = Formula:Postilla redirectionis/arbiter | r3964192 = Formula:Textus paginarum absentium }} {{High-use}} Documentatio Anglica hic inveniri potest: {{Redirectio obliqua|En:Module:String}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Moduli|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> cht9jry4141xgivotybg13ge67rfmpj 0 324364 3965618 3957745 2026-06-19T14:04:26Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Descriptio */ 3965618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Ad cor tuum revertere}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXVI reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 26-28 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo2.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Ad cor tuum revertere, condicionis misere homo! cur spernis vivere? cur dedicas te vitiis? cur indulges malitiis? cur excessus non corrigis nec gressus tuos dirigis in semitis iustitie, sed contra te cotidie iram Dei exasperas? in te succidi metue radices ficus fatue, cum fructus nullos atteras! O condicio misera! considera, quam aspera sit hec vita, mors altera, que sic immutat statum! cur non purgas reatum sine mora, cum sit hora tibi mortis incognita! et in vita caritas, que non proficit, prorsus aret et deficit nec efficit beatum. Si vocatus ad nuptias advenias sine veste nuptiali, a curia regali expelleris, et obviam si veneris sponso lampade vacua, es quasi virgo fatua. Ergo vide, ne dormias, sed vigilans aperias Domino, cum pulsaverit! beatus, quem invenerit vigilantem, cum venerit!<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, cuius [[auctor]] [[Philippus Cancellarius]] esse videtur, scriptor hominem ad [[Paenitentia|paenitentiam]] et introspectionem vehementer exhortatur. Argumentum incipit cum admonitione ut [[Peccatum|peccator]] "ad cor suum" redeat, condiciones miseras humanae vitae agnoscens. Auctor interrogat cur homo vitiis indulgeat et Dei iram cotidie provocet, adhibens imaginem [[Biblia|biblicam]] [[ficus]] infructuosae quae succidi meretur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28" /> Descriptio vitae humanae quasi "alterius mortis" severitatem [[Moralitas|moralem]] carminis exprimit. Scriptor urget ut reatus sine mora purgetur, quia hora mortis unicuique incognita est. In hac visione, caritas quae non operatur aret et deficit, hominemque ad beatitudinem perducere non potest. Haec pars carminis necessitatem gratiae et operum bonorum in via salutis extollit.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28" /> Ultima pars carminis [[Allegoria|allegoriis]] [[Evangelium|evangelicis]] nititur, praecipue [[Parabolae Iesu|parabolis]] de convivio [[Nuptiae|nuptiali]] et virginibus prudentibus ac fatuis. Homo monetur ne sine veste nuptiali ad [[Curia Regis|curiam regalem]] veniat et ne lampadem vacuam ferat cum Sponsus (Christus) advenerit. Concluditur cum beatitudine vigilantiam laudante, hortans ad [[Spiritualitas|spiritualem]] expergefactionem ante Domini adventum.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28" /> == Investigatio palaeographica musica == Carmina Burana, praesertim carmen numeris viginti sex adnotatum sub titulo ''Ad cor tuum revertere'', grave documentum praebet ad studium [[Palaeographia|palaeographiae]] musicae medii aevi, quod genus [[Conductus|conductus]] continui repraesentat. Haec compositio, Philippo Cancellario tributa, in pluribus codicibus manu scriptis servatur, inter quos eminent Codex Buranus (B: München, BSB, Clm 4660), Codex Laurentianus (F: Firenze, BML, Pluteus 29.1), et Codex Huelgas (H: Burgos, Monasterio de Las Huelgas). Investigatio palaeographica horum fontium varietatem notationis illustrat, a formis adiastematicis vetustioribus codicis Monacensis Clm 18190 (A), ubi neuma sine lineis cursum melodiae tantum adumbrat, usque ad systemata magis evoluta saeculi decimi tertii. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/026adcortuum.html |title=Ad cor tuum revertere (CB 26) |last1=Bianchini |first1=Michele |last2=Venutti |first2=Anna |work=Carmina Burana: ricerche sulla musica |publisher=Examen Apium |accessdate=30 Aprilis 2026}}</ref> In codicibus melioribus, sicut in codice F et D (Darmstadt 2777), structura musicae cum textu arte coniungitur, sed interpretatio rhythmica magnam difficultatem palaeographis hodiernis parit. Cum hic conductus formam continuam habeat, notationis lineamenta non semper mensurabilia sunt, quod efficit ut multi musici et docti, sicut Clemencic, transcriptionem mensuralem strictam evitent. Collatio palaeographica inter codices B, D, F, et H demonstrat quomodo melodia per Europam diffusa sit, mutatis interdum ligaturis et punctis secundum usum scriptorii loci. Analysis paleographica rursus confirmat nexum inter hunc rhythmum et sermones Anselmi Cantuariensis, ubi accentus verborum in schemate melico repercutitur, praesertim in clausulis ubi neumarum densitas maior invenitur ad textus gravitatem efferendam. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/026adcortuum.html |title=Ad cor tuum revertere (CB 26) |last1=Bianchini |first1=Michele |last2=Venutti |first2=Anna |work=Carmina Burana: ricerche sulla musica |publisher=Examen Apium |accessdate=30 Aprilis 2026}}</ref> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] ho77odoxjkcjjopepadt2lhoez2now5 3965619 3965618 2026-06-19T14:08:26Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Investigatio palaeographica musica */ 3965619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Ad cor tuum revertere}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXVI reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 26-28 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo2.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Ad cor tuum revertere, condicionis misere homo! cur spernis vivere? cur dedicas te vitiis? cur indulges malitiis? cur excessus non corrigis nec gressus tuos dirigis in semitis iustitie, sed contra te cotidie iram Dei exasperas? in te succidi metue radices ficus fatue, cum fructus nullos atteras! O condicio misera! considera, quam aspera sit hec vita, mors altera, que sic immutat statum! cur non purgas reatum sine mora, cum sit hora tibi mortis incognita! et in vita caritas, que non proficit, prorsus aret et deficit nec efficit beatum. Si vocatus ad nuptias advenias sine veste nuptiali, a curia regali expelleris, et obviam si veneris sponso lampade vacua, es quasi virgo fatua. Ergo vide, ne dormias, sed vigilans aperias Domino, cum pulsaverit! beatus, quem invenerit vigilantem, cum venerit!<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, cuius [[auctor]] [[Philippus Cancellarius]] esse videtur, scriptor hominem ad [[Paenitentia|paenitentiam]] et introspectionem vehementer exhortatur. Argumentum incipit cum admonitione ut [[Peccatum|peccator]] "ad cor suum" redeat, condiciones miseras humanae vitae agnoscens. Auctor interrogat cur homo vitiis indulgeat et Dei iram cotidie provocet, adhibens imaginem [[Biblia|biblicam]] [[ficus]] infructuosae quae succidi meretur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28" /> Descriptio vitae humanae quasi "alterius mortis" severitatem [[Moralitas|moralem]] carminis exprimit. Scriptor urget ut reatus sine mora purgetur, quia hora mortis unicuique incognita est. In hac visione, caritas quae non operatur aret et deficit, hominemque ad beatitudinem perducere non potest. Haec pars carminis necessitatem gratiae et operum bonorum in via salutis extollit.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28" /> Ultima pars carminis [[Allegoria|allegoriis]] [[Evangelium|evangelicis]] nititur, praecipue [[Parabolae Iesu|parabolis]] de convivio [[Nuptiae|nuptiali]] et virginibus prudentibus ac fatuis. Homo monetur ne sine veste nuptiali ad [[Curia Regis|curiam regalem]] veniat et ne lampadem vacuam ferat cum Sponsus (Christus) advenerit. Concluditur cum beatitudine vigilantiam laudante, hortans ad [[Spiritualitas|spiritualem]] expergefactionem ante Domini adventum.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28" /> == Investigatio palaeographica musica == Carmina Burana, praesertim carmen numeris viginti sex adnotatum sub titulo ''Ad cor tuum revertere'', grave documentum praebet ad studium [[Palaeographia|palaeographiae]] musicae medii aevi, quod genus [[Conductus|conductus]] continui repraesentat. Haec compositio, Philippo Cancellario tributa, in pluribus [[codex|codicibus]] manu scriptis servatur, inter quos eminent Codex Buranus (B: München, BSB, Clm 4660), Codex Laurentianus (F: Firenze, BML, Pluteus 29.1), et Codex Huelgas (H: Burgos, Monasterio de Las Huelgas). Investigatio palaeographica horum fontium varietatem notationis illustrat, a formis adiastematicis vetustioribus codicis Monacensis Clm 18190 (A), ubi neuma sine lineis cursum melodiae tantum adumbrat, usque ad systemata magis evoluta saeculi decimi tertii. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/026adcortuum.html |title=Ad cor tuum revertere (CB 26) |last1=Bianchini |first1=Michele |last2=Venutti |first2=Anna |work=Carmina Burana: ricerche sulla musica |publisher=Examen Apium |accessdate=30 Aprilis 2026}}</ref> In codicibus melioribus, sicut in codice F et D (Darmstadt 2777), structura musicae cum textu arte coniungitur, sed interpretatio rhythmica magnam difficultatem palaeographis hodiernis parit. Cum hic conductus formam continuam habeat, [[Notatio musica|notationis]] lineamenta non semper mensurabilia sunt, quod efficit ut multi musici et docti, sicut Clemencic, transcriptionem mensuralem strictam evitent. Collatio palaeographica inter codices B, D, F, et H demonstrat quomodo melodia per Europam diffusa sit, mutatis interdum [[Ligatura|ligaturis]] et punctis secundum usum scriptorii loci. Analysis paleographica rursus confirmat nexum inter hunc [[Rhythmus|rhythmum]] et sermones [[Anselmus Cantuariensis|Anselmi Cantuariensis]], ubi [[accentus]] verborum in schemate melico repercutitur, praesertim in clausulis ubi [[neuma|neumarum]] densitas maior invenitur ad textus gravitatem efferendam. <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/026adcortuum.html |title=Ad cor tuum revertere (CB 26) |last1=Bianchini |first1=Michele |last2=Venutti |first2=Anna |work=Carmina Burana: ricerche sulla musica |publisher=Examen Apium |accessdate=30 Aprilis 2026}}</ref> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] bk9lkb8968ve2xjozoe9zlvhihwn518 3965624 3965619 2026-06-19T14:29:23Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3965624 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Ad cor tuum revertere}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XXVI reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 26-28 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo2.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Ad cor tuum revertere, condicionis misere homo! cur spernis vivere? cur dedicas te vitiis? cur indulges malitiis? cur excessus non corrigis nec gressus tuos dirigis in semitis iustitie, sed contra te cotidie iram Dei exasperas? in te succidi metue radices ficus fatue, cum fructus nullos atteras! O condicio misera! considera, quam aspera sit hec vita, mors altera, que sic immutat statum! cur non purgas reatum sine mora, cum sit hora tibi mortis incognita! et in vita caritas, que non proficit, prorsus aret et deficit nec efficit beatum. Si vocatus ad nuptias advenias sine veste nuptiali, a curia regali expelleris, et obviam si veneris sponso lampade vacua, es quasi virgo fatua. Ergo vide, ne dormias, sed vigilans aperias Domino, cum pulsaverit! beatus, quem invenerit vigilantem, cum venerit!<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, cuius [[auctor]] [[Philippus Cancellarius]] esse videtur, scriptor hominem ad [[Paenitentia|paenitentiam]] et introspectionem vehementer exhortatur. Argumentum cum admonitione incipit ut [[Peccatum|peccator]] “ad cor suum” redeat, condiciones miseras humanae vitae agnoscens. Auctor interrogat cur homo vitiis indulgeat et Dei iram cotidie provocet, imaginem [[Biblia|biblicam]] [[ficus]] infructuosae adhibens quae succidi meretur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28" /> Descriptio vitae humanae quasi “alterius mortis” severitatem [[Moralitas|moralem]] carminis exprimit. Scriptor urget ut reatus sine mora purgetur, quia hora mortis unicuique incognita est. In hac visione, caritas quae non operatur aret et deficit, hominemque ad beatitudinem perducere non potest. Haec pars carminis necessitatem gratiae et operum bonorum in via salutis extollit.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28" /> Ultima pars carminis [[Allegoria|allegoriis]] [[Evangelium|evangelicis]] nititur, praecipue [[Parabolae Iesu|parabolis]] de convivio [[Nuptiae|nuptiali]] et virginibus prudentibus ac fatuis. Homo monetur ne sine veste nuptiali ad [[Curia Regis|curiam regalem]] veniat et ne lampadem vacuam ferat cum Sponsus (Christus) advenerit. Concluditur cum beatitudine vigilantiam laudante, hortans ad [[Spiritualitas|spiritualem]] expergefactionem ante Domini adventum.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28" /> == Investigatio palaeographica musica == Carmina Burana, praesertim carmen numeris viginti sex adnotatum sub titulo ''Ad cor tuum revertere'', grave documentum ad studium [[Palaeographia|palaeographiae]] musicae medii aevi praebet, quod genus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Conductus|conductūs|en|qid=Q846748}} continui repraesentat. Haec compositio, Philippo Cancellario tributa, in pluribus [[codex|codicibus]] manu scriptis servatur, inter quos eminent Codex Buranus (B: München, BSB, Clm 4660), Codex Laurentianus (F: Firenze, BML, Pluteus 29.1), et Codex Huelgas (H: Burgos, Monasterio de Las Huelgas). Investigatio palaeographica horum fontium varietatem notationis illustrat, a formis adiastematicis vetustioribus codicis Monacensis Clm 18190 (A), ubi neuma sine lineis cursum melodiae tantum adumbrat, usque ad systemata magis evoluta saeculi decimi tertii.<ref name="bianchini-venutti-ad-cor-tuum-revertere">{{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bianchini | nomen auctoris 1 = Michele | cognomen auctricis 2 = Venutti | nomen auctricis 2 = Anna | titulus = Ad cor tuum revertere (CB 26) | contextus = Carmina Burana: ricerche sulla musica | domus editoria = Examen Apium | url = https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/026adcortuum.html | tempus inspectionis = 2026-04-30 }}.</ref> In codicibus melioribus, sicut in codice F et D (Darmstadt 2777), structura musicae cum textu arte coniungitur, sed interpretatio rhythmica magnam difficultatem palaeographis hodiernis parit. Cum hic conductus formam continuam habeat, [[Notatio musica|notationis]] lineamenta non semper mensurabilia sunt, quod efficit ut multi musici et docti, sicut Clemencic, transcriptionem mensuralem strictam evitent. Collatio palaeographica inter codices B, D, F, et H demonstrat quomodo melodia per Europam diffusa sit, mutatis interdum [[Ligatura|ligaturis]] et punctis secundum usum scriptorii loci. Analysis paleographica rursus confirmat nexum inter hunc [[Rhythmus|rhythmum]] et sermones [[Anselmus Cantuariensis|Anselmi Cantuariensis]], ubi [[accentus]] verborum in schemate melico repercutitur, praesertim in clausulis ubi [[neuma|neumarum]] densitas maior invenitur ad textus gravitatem efferendam.<ref name="bianchini-venutti-ad-cor-tuum-revertere" /> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 8waiqpze1fkhhf13lclbkvjdcm3qbee 0 325502 3965637 3963985 2026-06-19T16:11:57Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3965637 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Jean Rouaud (2015).png|thumb|Ioannes Rouaud anno 2015.]] '''Ioannes Rouaud''' (natus die 13 decembris [[1952]] [[Cambidonnum|Cambidonni]]) est scriptor Francicus [[Praemium Goncourt|praemio Goncourt]] anno [[1990]] honoratus iam ex prima [[mythistoria]] sua ''Les Champs d'honneur'' (Latine fortasse "Campi honoris")<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1990/09/14/jean-rouaud-a-la-grace_3986227_1819218.html ''[[Le Monde]]'' 14 septembris 1990]</ref>. In hac mythistoria familiae suae personas (avos, avunculos, parentes...) investigabat a [[Primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] ad annos 1980, [[chronologia]] omissa, [[Stilus|stilo]] [[poesis|poetico]], [[Festivitas|festivo]] simulque tenero. Ita homines gregales Francici [[rus|ruris]] describit. Continuationes de eadem re postea scripsit et multa alia opera saepe [[Autobiographia|autobiographica]] atque etiam fabulas scaenicas: nihilominus prima mythistoria [[magnum opus]] eius hodieque habetur. == De vita == "[[Burgenses|Parva burgensi]]" familia ruri vivente natus iam anno [[1963]] patrem 41 tantum annos natum amisit, quod maximum momentum in eius vita habuit. Etenim postea ipse scripsit patrem mortuum causam fuisse cur scriptor factus sit. Certe in ''Les Champs d'honneur'' hanc mortem narravit et circa hanc mortem etiam mortes avorum, magnae avunculae et eius fratrum qui primo bello mundano necati erant. [[Baccalaureus|Scientiarum baccalaureatus]] [[Litterae modernae|litteris modernis]] in [[Portus Namnetum|Namnetum]] universitate studuit. Postea parva officia absolvit inter alia in [[Diarium|diario]] et in [[Bibliopolium|bibliopolio]] dum maximam operam scribendi exercitationi dare non desinit. [[Lutetia|Lutetiam]] venit ubi antequam praemium Goncourt acciperet diaria venditabat<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/festival/article/2014/08/12/13-septembre-1990-le-monde-transforme-le-kiosquier-jean-rouaud-en-auteur_4470377_4415198.html ''[[Le Monde]]'' 12 Augusti 2014]</ref>. Praemio accepto in orbe litterato versabatur et libros scribebat primum de familiae archeologia deinde postquam [[editoria societas|societatem editoriam]] mutavit (anno 2001 a ''Minuit'' Hieronymi Lindon ad [[Gallimard]] transiit) themata variavit et de ipsa scriptura iner alia disseruit. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Hélène Baty-Delalande et Jean-Yves Debreuille (cur.), ''[https://www.persee.fr/issue/lire_0296-290x_2010_ant_1_1 Lire Rouaud]'', Presses universitaires de Lyon, 2010 ISBN 978-2-7297-0816-0 *Henrik Baumann, ''Die autobiographische Rückkehr : Studien zu Serge Doubrovsky, Hervé Guibert und Jean Rouaud'', Meidenbauer, 2008 ISBN 978-3-89975-122-2 * Johannes Dahlem, ''Kritisches historisches Erzählen im französischen Gegenwartsroman : Forest, Rouaud, Kaddour'', Heidelbergae, Universitätsverlag Winter, 2017 ISBN 978-3-8253-6752-7 *Sylvie Ducas, "[https://journals.openedition.org/recherchestravaux/3207#quotation Jean Rouaud. « La source noire » de l’écriture]", ''Recherches & Travaux'', 97 | 2020 *Petr Dytrt, "[https://czasopisma.ltn.lodz.pl/Zagadnienia-Rodzajow-Literackich/article/view/2053 The Filiation Narrative in the Contemporary French Novel: Jean Rouaud and the Quest for the Absent Master]", ''Zagadnienia Rodzajów Literackich'', 2023: 37–47 *Sylvie Freyermuth, "Jean Rouaud et l'écriture "les yeux clos" : de la mémoire engagée à la mémoire incarnée", L'Harmattan, 2011 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=zfbkhCaeTpcC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false] *Michel Lantelme, ''Lire Jean Rouaud'', Armand Colin, 2009 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=lzCzJoobK5UC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] ** "« Tous les hommes naissent… » Jean Rouaud et la question des origines", in ''Le Roman contemporain de la famille'', 2016: 125-139 [https://classiques-garnier.com/le-roman-contemporain-de-la-famille-tous-les-hommes-naissent.html] *Jens Oliver Müller, ''Poetik der Memoria im Romanwerk von Jean Rouaud : mnemonisches Schreiben als Archäologie des Selbst'', Tübingen, 2004 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=srWdCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR3&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Guglum librorum] * Cécile Narjoux et Geneviève Salvan (cur.), ''La langue de Jean Rouaud : "C'est mon art, ces miroitements de la langue"'', Éditions universitaires de Dijon, [[Divio|Divione]], 2015 ISBN 978-2-36441-154-8 {{Lifetime|1952||Rouaud, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] 0jrn1mbwghazgn4e9srciinizd0gh92 0 325503 3965669 3965554 2026-06-19T19:45:19Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3965669 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Saxony.svg|thumb|550px|Urbes et communia [[Saxonia]]e (Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2023).]] '''Index [[urbs|urbium]] et [[commune|communium]] in [[Saxonia]]''' omnes sedes in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitate Foederata Libera]] Saxoniae recenset. [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitas Foederata Libera]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia]], e [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[2023]], ex universis 418 sedibus politice sui iuris constat. Quae ita distribuuntur: * 169 urbes ([[Theodisce]] ''Städte''), quarum: ** tres [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), inter quas [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] [[Dresda]] est; ** 166 urbes magnae [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''); * 249 communium circulo subiecta. 158 sedes, quarum 48 urbes, ad negotia administrationis suae gerenda in 64 consociationes administrativas (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaften'') et 21 communia in sex foedera administrativa (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsverbände'') coierunt. Die [[3 Octobris]] anni [[1990]] adhuc 1626 sedes exstabant. Quarum numerus, ex illo tempore, ad circiter quartam partem imminutus est.<ref name="Entwicklung">''Entwicklung der Verwaltungsgliederung des Freistaates Sachsen'' (Theodisce). Ab Officio Statistico Regionalis Liberae Civitatis Saxoniae, die 4 Ianuarii 2021.</ref> Index sequens omnes sedes Saxoniae politice sui iuris sub nominibus officialibus recenset. Ad latus nominis Latini cuiusque sedis apparet etiam nomen officiale [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] atque [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabicum]] atque, si quod exstat, nomen in aliis linguis regionalibus. Si sedes est [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta (Theodisce ''Große Kreisstadt''), aut simpliciter urbs, id quoque indicatur; non autem si sedes tantum commune est: ==== A ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Adorfium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adorf/Vogtl.'' seu ''Adorf/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Adorf'')</small> * [[Aerimontium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arzberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Arzberg'')</small> * [[Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbersdorf'')</small> * [[Alnetulum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elterlein''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Alterle'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Saxonia)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Elster'')</small> * [[Alta Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohendubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wysoka Dubrawa'')</small> * [[Alta Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hochkirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bukecy'')</small> * [[Alta Villa (Saxonia)|Alta Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohndorf'')</small> * [[Alticollum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hohnstein'')</small> * [[Alticollum-Vallis Ernesti]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenstein-Ernstthal'')</small> * [[Amnis Castorum et Villa Giselberti]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf'')</small> * [[Amnis Clarus et Bernardi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauter-Bernsbach'')</small> * [[Amnis Veprium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Brambach''; [[Varisce]] ''Brambich'')</small> * [[Annaberga-Buchholzia]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Annaberg-Buchholz'')</small> * [[Antiqua Mitweida]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2008">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde (2008). ''Altmittweida (antiqua Miteweide)''. Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen [HOV]. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altmittweida'')</small> * [[Antiquus Mons (Saxonia)|Antiquus Mons]]<ref name="Hrubý 2024">Hrubý, P. (2014). Medieval Mining Centre of Buchberg in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands: Metal Production in the Kingdom of Bohemia (13th-14th Centuries) (Antiquus Mons - Altenberg). ''Praehistorica'' 31 (2).</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Altenberg'')</small> * [[Apricirivus (Circulus terrae Misniensis)|Apricirivus]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ebersbach'')</small> * [[Apricirivus-Villa Geronis]]<ref name="Moser 1780">Moser, J. (1780). ''Corpus Iuris Evangelicorum Ecclesiastici: Complectens Statuta, Decreta et Ordinationes pro Rebus Ecclesiasticis''. Typis Christiani Friderici Schertzii.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersbach-Neugersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Habrachćicy-Nowe Jěžercy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Aberschbuch-Gierschdurf'')</small> * [[Arnoldi Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755">Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de provinciis Misnensibus et Saxonicis). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Diplomatarium Misnico-Voigtlandicum). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de Lusatia Superiore). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arnsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Warnoćicy'')</small> * [[Auerbachium (Montes Metalliferi)|Auerbachium]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Auerbachium Vogtlandiae]]<ref name="Mencken 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Auerbach/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Augustoburgum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Augustusburg'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== B ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Belgora-Schildavia]]<ref name="SS 2024">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2024). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Misnensis: De vectigalibus fluminis Albis inter Belgoram et Misnam anno 979 concesis''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Belgern-Schildau'')</small> * [[Belina (Saxonia)|Belina]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Böhlen'')</small> * [[Boernichenium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börnichen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Börnichen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Boesenbrunnum]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösenbrunn'')</small> * [[Borna (Saxonia)|Borna]]<ref name="Gersdorf V 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1865). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Haupttheil I, Band 5: Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Borno'')</small> * [[Borsdorfia]]<ref name="Leibniz 2021">Leibniz, G. W. (2021). ''Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe. Reihe I: Allgemeiner politischer und historischer Briefwechsel (Band 20: Juli 1701 – März 1702)''. Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Bibliothek Hannover.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borsdorf'')</small> * [[Boxberga (Saxonia)|Boxberga]]<ref name="Jecht 1920">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1920). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II, Band 1: Urkundenbuch der Stadt Görlitz und ihrer Klöster (1366)''. [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boxberg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hamor'')</small> * [[Brandisa]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Brandis'')</small> * [[Breitenbrunnum (Montes Metalliferi)|Breitenbrunnum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Budissa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bautzen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budyšin'')</small> * [[Burcardisdorfium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkhardtsdorf'')</small> * [[Burckavia]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Porchow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Burke'')</small> * [[Burgstadtium]]<ref name="AML 1724">Ab [[Alma Mater Lipsiensis|Alma Matre Lipsiensi]] (1724). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig: Register der Studiosi und akademischen Grade (Johannes Christopherus Schulze, Burgstadtium-Misnicus)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Burgstädt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== C ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Calemberga]]<ref name="Tschackert 1889">Tschackert, P. (Ed.) (1889). ''Briefwechsel des Antonius Corvinus''. Karl J. Trübner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Callenberg'')</small> * [[Camentia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kamenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenc'')</small> * [[Campus Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ellefeld'')</small> * [[Casa Vitrea (Saxonia)|Casa Vitrea]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glashütte'')</small> * [[Cavertizia]]<ref name="Posee 1882">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1099)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Cavertitz'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Saxonia)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hirschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervipetra]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hirschstein'')</small> * [[Chemnicium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Chemnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenica'')</small> * [[Chiten]]<ref name="Kehr">Kehr, P. (1899). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Merseburg: I. Theil (962–1357)''. Halae: Otto Hendel.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geithain''; colloquialiter ''Geidn''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chitań'')</small> * [[Civitas Bernardi in Proprio]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernstadt auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Bernstadt a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bjenadźicy'')</small> * [[Clausenitia]]<ref name="Posse 1881">Posse, O. (1881). ''Die Markgrafen von Meissen und das Haus Wettin: Im Zusammenhange mit der Geschichte des Reichs''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Claußnitz'')</small> * [[Clipphausa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Clipphausanus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Academia Vitebergensis (1684). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Sub rectoratu magnifici viri'' (Vol. III, p. 114). Vitebergae. (Textus primigenius latinus qui alumnos nobilesque eius pagi perscribit: "...Joannes Georgius de Ziegler, Clipphausanus..." [Misnicus]).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klipphausen'')</small> * [[Coderovillare]]<ref name="Pertzer 1868">Pertzer, G. H. (Ed.) (1868). ''Formulae et Diplomata Lusatiae Superioris medii aevi''. Budissae: Typis Monasterii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kodersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kodrecy'')</small> * [[Colditia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Colditz'')</small> * [[Corylivallium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Haselbachtal'')</small> * [[Cozwicia]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Coswig'' seu ''Coswig bei Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kosowiki'')</small> * [[Crema (Saxonia)|Crema]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grimma''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grima'')</small> * [[Crieba-Neovilla]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/><ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreba-Neudorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrjebja-Nowa Wjes'')</small> * [[Crimnicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen (Band 1)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crimmitschau'' seu ''Crimmitzschau'' seu ''Krimmitschau'' seu ''Krimmitzschau'')</small> * [[Crinitzberga]]<ref name="Niels 1729">Niels, L. (Ed.) (1729). ''Opera omnia: De Marchia et finitimis Saxoniae regionibus''. Francofurti & Lipsiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crinitzberg'')</small> * [[Crischova]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreischa'')</small> * [[Crostewicia]]<ref name="Erler XVI 1895">Erler, G. (Ed.) (1895). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig (1409–1559)''. In ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae'' (Haupttheil II, Band 16). Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krostitz'')</small> * [[Crostwicia]]<ref name="Posse 1883">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crostwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrósćicy'')</small> * [[Crottendorfium]]<ref name="Wiessner 1937">Wiessner, H. (1937). ''Das Bistum Naumburg: Die Diözese'' (Vol. 1). Berolini: Walter de Gruyter & Co.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crottendorf'')</small> * [[Crybenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kriebstein'')</small> * [[Cubschicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kubschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kubšicy'')</small> * [[Cunionissilva]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cunewalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kumwałd''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Cunewaale'')</small> * [[Custodia Dei]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herrnhut''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ochranow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Harrnhutt'' seu ''Harrnutt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== D ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Debelum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Döbeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doblin'')</small> * [[Delicia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Delitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Delič'')</small> * [[Demicium-Thumicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1899). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band B-4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen (1381–1427)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Demitz-Thumitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zemicy-Tumicy'')</small> * [[Denheritium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dennheritz'')</small> * [[Derium-Cyrenium]]<ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Diera-Zehren'')</small> * [[Desertum Elstri]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882">Posse, O., & Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1234)'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsterheide''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrowska Hola'')</small> * [[Dippoldiswalda]]<ref name="Kleppisius 1804">Kleppisius, G. (1804). ''Epitaphium veneratae caniciei senioris Gregorii Kleppisii. En Neues allgemeines Intelligenzblatt für Literatur und Kunst''. Lipsiae: Johann Conrad Hinrichs.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dippoldiswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dipps'')</small> * [[Doberschizium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doberschütz'')</small> * [[Dobrusium-Gussigium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Doberschau-Gaußig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dobruša-Huska'')</small> * [[Doma (Saxonia)|Doma]]<ref name="Posern-Klett 1875">Posern-Klett, K. F. von (Ed.) (1875). ''Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohma'')</small> * [[Dommitzia]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dommitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Domič'')</small> * [[Doninburgum]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Donin'')</small> * [[Drebachium]]<ref name="Müller 1715"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drebach'')</small> * [[Dresda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drježdźany''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Draasn'')</small> * [[Duba]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Düben'')</small> * [[Dubrava (Saxonia)|Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1896). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii Germaniae]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großdubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulka Dubrawa'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== E ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Eilenburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eilenburg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jiłow'')</small> * [[Elsnigium]]<ref name="SS 1378">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1378). ''Ältere Urkunden: Landgrafen von Thüringen übereignen dem Kloster Buch das Dorf Elsnig (Elsnyg)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsnig'')</small> * [[Elstro]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstra''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrow'')</small> * [[Episcopi Insula]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bischofswerda'' seu ''Schiebock''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Biskopicy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Beschwere'' seu ''Schiebock'')</small> * [[Eppendorfium Misnicum]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753">Kiesling, J. R. (1753). ''Historia Concertationis Graecorum Latinorumque de Transsubstantiatione in Sacrae Eucharistiae Sacramento''. Ioannis Adami Bielckii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eppendorf'')</small> * [[Ericeti Ava]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== F ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Falcostenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Falkenstein/Vogtl.'' seu ''Falkenstein/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Falkenstein''; [[Varisce]] ''Falkenstaa'')</small> * [[Flava (Saxonia)|Flava]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Flöha'')</small> * [[Francavallis]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenthal''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Frankln'')</small> * [[Frankenberga (Saxonia)|Frankenberga]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenberg/Sa.'')</small> * [[Frauenstenium (Saxonia)|Frauenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum (Saxonia)|Fraxinetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jesewitz'')</small> * [[Friberga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freiberg'')</small> * [[Frohburgum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frohburg'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== G ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Gelenavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gelenau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gelenau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gerhardi Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854">Stenzel, G. A. H. (Ed.) (1854). ''Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' (Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae, Tomus XIV, Registrum Legniciense). Max & Comp.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gersdorf'')</small> * [[Geringswalda]]<ref name="Bernhardi 1777">Bernhardi, G. A. (1777). ''Beytrag zu einer Geschichte des Städtlein Geringswalda, und besonders des ehemals dabey gelegenen St. Marien-Klosters, Benedictiner-Ordens''. Johann Gottfried Müller.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Geringswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dessch'')</small> * [[Geyera]]<ref name="">Müller, J. B. (1710). ''Geographia Universalis, ex recentissimis observationibus ad usum iuventutis historicae''. Typis Johannis Henrici Schmidii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geyer'')</small> * [[Glaucha]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glauchau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłuchow''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Glauche'')</small> * [[Gluboczkia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Glaubitz'')</small> * [[Godavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hodźij'')</small> * [[Gorcha]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hórka'' seu ''Dołha Hórka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hurke'')</small> * [[Gorisium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gohrisch'')</small> * [[Gorlicium Germaniae]]<ref name="UL 1684">Universitas Lipsiensis (1684). ''Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXIV publicata''. Lipsiae: Grossium & Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Görlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zhorjelc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Gerlz'' seu ''Gerltz'' seu ''Gerltsch'')</small> * [[Gornavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gornau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gottleubia-Mons Gieshubelus]]<ref name="Sehling 1902">Sehling, E. (1902). ''Die evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI. Jahrhunderts. Band I: Sachsen (De parochia et inspectione Gottleubiae)''. Lipsiae: O. R. Reisland.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel'')</small> * [[Groditium]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Gröditz'')</small> * [[Groisca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Groitzsch'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== H ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Haganoa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenhain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Hojn'')</small> * [[Hartensteinium (Saxonia)|Hartensteinium]]<ref>[https://www.google.de/books/edition/Thesaurus_iuris_feudalis/iCpXAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=hartensteinium+saxoniae&pg=RA2-PA898&printsec=frontcover De nomine proprio Latino ''Hartensteinium'' (Theodisce ''Hartenstein'') vide ''Thesaurum iuris feudalis'', tom. I, Francofurti ad Moenum 1750, p. 898.]</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartenstein'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa (apud Chemnicium)|Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa-Diviteava]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa prope Montem Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf bei Kirchberg'' seu ''Hartmannsdorf bei Saupersdorf'')</small> * [[Heidenrici Villa]]<ref name="Wutke XX 1900">Wutke, K. (Ed.) (1900). ''Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae: Regesten zur schlesischen Geschichte'' (Vol. 20). E. Woulfarth's Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heidersdorf'')</small> * [[Heini Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heinsdorfergrund'')</small> * [[Henrici Villa]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Suche Hendrichecy'')</small> * [[Hermanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hermsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Hermsdorf/Erzgebirge'' seu ''Hermsdorf bei Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Hoyerswerda]]<ref name="UL 1734">Universitas Lipsiensis (1734). ''Solemnia Magistrorum Philosophiae et Artium: Ex recensione academiae''. Typis Langenhemiis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoyerswerda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wojerecy''; colloquialiter ''Hoywoj'' seu ''Hoywoy'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== I ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Iabloncza]]<ref name="">Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris I: Regesten der Urkunden Kaiser Karls IV. (1346–1378). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gablenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jabłońc'')</small> * [[Ibenstoka]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Eibenstock'')</small> * [[Indago Baltgeri]]<ref name="SS 1296">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1296). ''Urkunden und Grenzabgrenzungen des Ritterguts Belgershain im Erbamt Grimma (Indago Baltgeri)''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belgershain'')</small> * [[Ioannis Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Ioanno-Georgiopolis]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Johanngeorgenstadt'')</small> * [[Ionis Villa]]<ref name="Jecht 1915">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1915). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris IV: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Band 4, Regesten der Dörfer unter dem Oybin). Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jonsdorf'' seu ''Kurort Jonsdorf'')</small> * [[Iordanis Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1879). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 6. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornsdorf'')</small> * [[Iustusburgum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jöhstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== K ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Kiczer]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kitzscher'')</small> * [[Klingenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klingenberg'')</small> * [[Kotmarus (commune)|Kotmarus]]<ref name="Kirchmaier 1698">Kirchmaier, G. C. (1698). ''De fontibus fluminum Sprae et Albis: tractatus historico-geographicus in quo de eorum originibus in montibus Lusatiae agitur''. Vitebergae: Typis Christiani Schrödteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kottmar''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kotmar'')</small> * [[Kruschvicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krauschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krušwica'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== L ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Lambertisilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lampertswalde'')</small> * [[Lapis Regis (Helvetia Saxonica)|Lapis Regis]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königstein'' seu ''Königstein/Sächs. Schw.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowc'')</small> * [[Laußig]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Laußnitz]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lauta]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lawalde]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Leisnig]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lengefeld]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lengenfeld (Saxe)|Lengenfeld]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Leuben-Schleinitz]]<small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Leubnitz]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Leubsdorf (Saxe)|Leubsdorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Leutersdorf (Saxe)|Leutersdorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Leckerschdurf'')</small> * [[Lichtenau (Saxe)|Lichtenau]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lichtenberg (Bautzen)|Lichtenberg]] (Bautzen) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lichtenberg/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lichtenstein/Sa.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lichtentanne]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Liebschützberg]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Liebstadt]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Limbach (Vogtland)|Limbach]] (Vogtland) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Limbach-Oberfrohna]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lipsia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leipzig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lipsk''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Leibzsch'')</small> * [[Löbau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Liebe'')</small> * [[Löbnitz (Saxe)|Löbnitz]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lohmen (Saxe)|Lohmen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lohsa]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Longalborivulus]]<ref>Hoc commune in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]] Saxoniae situm ortum est cum antiqua communia Longorivulus (Theodisce ''Langenbach''), Alborivulus (Theodisce ''Weißbach'') et, postea, Slema (Theodisce ''Schlema'') [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[1996]] coniuncta sunt. Latino de toponymo "Longorivulus", vide: Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri; et Latino de toponymo "Alborivulus", vide: Weiß, C. H. (1721). ''De scriptoribus historiae Saxonicae seculi XVII schediasma literarium''. Lipsiae: Apud Jo. Christianum Martinum. Quia hodiernum novi communis nomen Theodiscum, ''Langenweißbach'', nominum ''Langenbach'' et ''Weißbach'' [[verbum amalgamatum|vocabulum amalgamatum]] est, nomen "Longalborivulus" novo communi ex antiquiis nominibus "Longorivulus" et "Alborivulus" amalgamare possumus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenweißbach'')</small> * [[Lommatzsch]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Longobernardivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenbernsdorf'')</small> * [[Lossatal]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lößnitz (Saxe)|Lößnitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lugau/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> * [[Lunzenau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] '''')</small> {{div col end}} ==== M ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Machern]] * [[Magna Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großolbersdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Dubena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Düben''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dźěwin'')</small> * [[Magna Harthavia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657">Carpzov, B. (1657). ''Decisiones Illustres Saxonicae: In quibus arduae et graves quaestiones in foro Saxonico'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Haeredum Schurerianorum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großharthau''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hoarde'')</small> * [[Magna Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großhartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Nova Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großnaundorf'')</small> * [[Magna Postvicia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpostwitz'' seu ''Großpostwitz/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budestecy'')</small> * [[Magna Pulchra Prata]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschönau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Šunow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Grußschiene'')</small> * [[Magna Ruedigersdorfia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großröhrsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulke Rědorjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Rihrschdurf'' seu ''Gaage'')</small> * [[Magna Schirma]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großschirma'')</small> * [[Magna Swidnica]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschweidnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swóńca'' seu ''Swidnica'' seu ''Swódnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schweenz'')</small> * [[Magna Wizschena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großweitzschen'')</small> * [[Malschwitz]] * [[Marienberg (Saxe)|Marienberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Markersdorf (Saxe)|Markersdorf]] * [[Markkleeberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Markneukirchen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Markranstädt]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Meerane]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mehltheuer]] * [[Meißen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mildenau]] * [[Mittelherwigsdorf]] * [[Mittweida]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mochau]] * [[Mockrehna]] * [[Molendinorum Vallis (Saxonia)|Molendinorum Vallis]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlental'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Saxonia)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Picae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Praetorianus]]<ref name="Mencken 1728">Mencken, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. [[Lipsia]]e: E. Martini; et: Mencken, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Tomus I). Lipsiae: Ioannes Christianus Martinus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amtsberg'')</small> * [[Montes (Saxonia)|Montes]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bergen'')</small> * [[Moritzburg (Saxe)|Moritzburg]] * [[Mücka]] * [[Mügeln]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Müglitztal]] * [[Mühlau (Saxe)|Mühlau]] * [[Mühltroff]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mulda/Sa.]] * [[Muldenhammer]] * [[Mülsen]] * [[Muscavia]]<ref name="UW 1685">Universität Wittenberg (1685). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Tituli, inscriptiones et matriculae studiosorum (Johannes Henricus Cuntze, Muscavia-Lusatus)''. Ex officina typographica.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Muskau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mužakow'')</small> * [[Mutzschen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mylau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> {{div col end}} ==== N ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Narsdorf]] * [[Naundorf (Saxe)|Naundorf]] * [[Naunhof]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Nauwalde]] * [[Nebelschütz]] * [[Neißeaue]] * [[Neovilla Germanica]]<ref name="Müller 1715">Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutschneudorf'')</small> * [[Nerchau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Neschwitz]] * [[Netzschkau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Neuensalz]] * [[Neuhausen/Erzgeb.]] * [[Neukieritzsch]] * [[Neukirch (bei Königsbrück)|Neukirch]] (bei Königsbrück) * [[Neukirch (Lusace)|Neukirch]] (Lusace) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neungirch'')</small> * [[Neukirchen/Erzgeb.]] * [[Neukirchen/Pleiße]] * [[Neukyhna]] * [[Neumark (Saxe)|Neumark]] * [[Neusalza-Spremberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Neustadt in Sachsen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Neustadt/Vogtl.]] * [[Niederau]] * [[Niederdorf (Saxe)|Niederdorf]] * [[Niederfrohna]] * [[Niederstriegis]] * [[Niederwiesa]] * [[Niederwürschnitz]] * [[Niesky]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Nossen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Novale Dominae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Fraureuth'')</small> * [[Nünchritz]] {{div col end}} ==== O ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Obergurig]] * [[Oberlungwitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oberschöna]] * [[Oberwiera]] * [[Oberwiesenthal]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oderwitz]] * [[Oederan]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oelsnitz/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oelsnitz/Vogtl.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Ohorn]] * [[Olbernhau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oppach]] <small>([[Theodisce]] '''' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Uppch'')</small> * [[Oschatz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oßling]] * [[Ostrau (Saxe)|Ostrau]] * [[Ostritz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Ottendorf-Okrilla]] * [[Otterwisch]] * [[Owa-Palus Slemensis]]<ref name="">Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg (1999). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Naumburgensis (1207-1304)''. (Ed. ab H. J. Kirsch). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Böhlau Verlag.</ref><ref name="Mencken 1730">Mencken, J. B. (1730). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. Lipsiae: E. Martini.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Aue-Bad Schlema'')</small> * [[Oybin]] {{div col end}} ==== P ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Palus Regia]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Lausick'')</small> * [[Panschwitz-Kuckau]] * [[Parthenstein]] * [[Parvum Nemus Lusaticum]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hähnichen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wosečk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hahnchn'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Misnicum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainichen'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Silvae]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainewalde''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Heenewaale'')</small> * [[Passini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpösna'')</small> * [[Pausa (Saxe)|Pausa]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Pegau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Penig]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Petra Ursi (Saxonia)|Petra Ursi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bärenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffroda]] * [[Pirna (urbs)|Pirna]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Plauen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Pobershau]] * [[Pockau]] * [[Pöhl]] * [[Pons Regularis]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halsbrücke'')</small> * [[Porschdorf]] * [[Pratum Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erlau'')</small> * [[Pratum Capreoli]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockau''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Bucke'')</small> * [[Priestewitz]] * [[Pulsnitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Bolzns'')</small> * [[Puschwitz]] {{div col end}} ==== Q ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Quercetum (Saxonia)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior, ab Ortum Rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum Tempora''. Impensis Ioannis Friderici Gleditschii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eichigt''; [[Varisce]] ''Maechlicht'' seu ''Machlich)'')</small> * [[Quitzdorf am See]] {{div col end}} ==== R ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Rabenau (Saxe)|Rabenau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Räckelwitz]] * [[Rackwitz]] * [[Radeberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Radebeul]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Radeburg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Radibor]] * [[Ralbitz-Rosenthal]] * [[Rammenau]] * [[Raschau-Markersbach]] * [[Rathen]] * [[Rathmannsdorf]] * [[Rechenberg-Bienenmühle]] * [[Regiocampus (Saxonia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652">Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsbrück''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kinspork'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Circulus terrae Gorliciensis)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Gorliciensis|Circulo terrae Gorliciensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Gorliciensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Görlitz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Gorliciensis-e" ad [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicium]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowski haj'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Montes Metalliferi)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Lehmann">Lehmann, C. (1699). ''Historia historico-geographica de limitibus et mirabilibus montium metalliferorum Saxonicorum''. Dresdae: Typis Baumannianis.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM">"Nuntii Latini Bremenses", [https://www.bremenzwei.de/themen/latein-nachrichten-rueckblick-september-102.html Septembris 2024, "Pauli Praemium Atrii Artificialis Bremensis tributum"].</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Königswalde''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Kinnesch’wall'')</small> * [[Regiosilva-Wideravia]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/><ref name="Schmid 1705">Schmid, J. (1705). ''Dies fasti Academiae Lipsiensis, continens dissertationes et panegyricas orationes''. Lipsiae: Typis Fleischerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain-Wiederau'')</small> * [[Regiovarda]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königswartha''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rakecy'')</small> * [[Regis-Breitingen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Reichenbach im Vogtland]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Reichenbach (Haute-Lusace)|Reichenbach]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> (Haute-Lusace) * [[Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna]] * [[Reinsberg (Saxe)|Reinsberg]] * [[Reinsdorf (Saxe)|Reinsdorf]] * [[Remse]] * [[Reuth (Saxe)|Reuth]] * [[Riesa]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rietschen]] * [[Rochlitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Röderaue]] * [[Rodewisch]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rosenbach]] * [[Rosenthal-Bielatal]] * [[Rossau (Saxe)|Rossau]] * [[Roßwein]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rötha]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rothenburg (Haute-Lusace)|Rothenburg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rudigerivilla Arida-Theodericibachium]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach'')</small> * [[Rueckerswalda Magna]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großrückerswalde'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== S ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Sayda]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Scheibenberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schirgiswalde-Kirschau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schirgswaale-Kirsche'')</small> * [[Schkeuditz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schleife (Saxe)|Schleife]] * [[Schlettau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schmiedeberg (Saxe)|Schmiedeberg]] * [[Schmölln-Putzkau]] * [[Schneeberg (Saxe)|Schneeberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schönau-Berzdorf]] * [[Schönbach (Saxe)|Schönbach]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schimmch'')</small> * [[Schönberg (Saxe)|Schönberg]] * [[Schöneck/Vogtl.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schönfeld (Saxe)|Schönfeld]] * [[Schönheide]] * [[Schönteichen]] * [[Schönwölkau]] * [[Schöpstal]] * [[Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schwepnitz]] * [[Sebnitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Securiferi Roturatio]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Beilrode'')</small> * [[Seelitz]] * [[Sehmatal]] * [[Seiffen/Erzgeb.]] * [[Seifhennersdorf]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hennerschdurf'')</small> * [[Silva Hartha]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hartha'')</small> * [[Sitavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Zittau'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žitawa''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Sitte'')</small> * [[Sohland an der Spree]] * [[Sohland am Rotstein]] * [[Sornzig-Ablaß]] * [[Sosa (Saxe)|Sosa]] * [[Spreetal]] * [[Stadt Wehlen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Stauchitz]] * [[St. Egidien]] * [[Steina]] * [[Steinberg (Saxe)|Steinberg]] * [[Steinigtwolmsdorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] '''' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Wunnsdurf'' seu ''Wumpe'' seu ''Steenigwupte'')</small> * [[Stollberg/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Stolpen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Strahwalde]] * [[Strehla]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Striegistal]] * [[Struppen]] * [[Stützengrün]] * [[Syrau]] {{div col end}} ==== T ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Tannenberg (Sachsen)|Tannenberg]] * [[Taucha]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Taura]] * [[Tauscha]] * [[Thalheim/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thallwitz]] * [[Tharandt]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thermalbad Wiesenbad]] * [[Theuma]] * [[Thiendorf]] * [[Thum]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thümmlitzwalde]] * [[Tirpersdorf]] * [[Tollanum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dolan'')</small> * [[Torgau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Trebendorf]] * [[Trebnicia Elstri]]<ref name="Friedrich 1904">Friedrich, G. (Ed.) (1904). ''Codex Diplomaticus et Epistolaris Regni Bohemiae'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Comitiorum Regni Bohemiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstertrebnitz'')</small> * [[Trebsen/Mulde]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Treuen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Triebel/Vogtl.]] * [[Triebischtal]] * [[Trimurica]]<ref name="Posse 1883"/><ref name="Hanspach 2014">Hanspach, D. (2024). ''Silva, nemus, merica, forestum: Die ältesten schriftlichen Wald- und Heidebelege im Lehnbuch Friedrich des Strengen''. In ''Arbeits- und Forschungsberichte zur sächsischen Bodendenkmalpflege'' (Band 32). Dresdae: Landesamt für Archäologie Sachsen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dreiheide'')</small> * [[Trossin]] {{div col end}} ==== V ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Vallis Ignominiosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Schandau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žandow'')</small> * [[Vallis Kobilizensis]]<ref name="">Ernst, J. (Ed.) (1968). ''Formulae Merovingici et Karolini Aevi'' (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio V). [[Hannovera]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Käbschütztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Libera]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freital'')</small> * [[Vallis Lutosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahretal'')</small> * [[Vallis Sonorosa]]<ref name="Mencken 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klingenthal'' seu ''Klingenthal/Sa.''; [[Varisce]] ''Klingedool'')</small> * [[Villa Bavari]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beiersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bejerecy'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis)|Villa Bernardi]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]]<ref name="CTZ">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Zwickau'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cygnea]]m" -ad quod gentilicium "Zviccaviensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}. Quo de gentilicio, confer "[[Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium|Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium]]", anno [[1348]] scriptum.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Lusatia Superior)|Villa Bernardi]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> (in [[Lusatia superior|Lusatia Superior]]e) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njedźichow'')</small> * [[Villa Bertholdi Montana]]<ref name="Prochno 1939">Prochno, J. (1939). ''Zittauer Urkundenbuch, Band 1: Regesten zur Geschichte der Stadt und des Landes Zittau 1234–1437''. [[Sitavia]]e: Mitteilungen del Zittauer Geschichts- und Museumsvereins.</ref><ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bertsdorf-Hörnitz'')</small> * [[Villa Boni]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bennewitz'')</small> * [[Villa Chemnitzia]]<ref name="Buddeus 1704">Buddeus, J. F. (1704). ''Historia iuris naturalis, seculi iussu et auctoritate potissimum Samuelis Pufendorfii restituti''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Typis et impensis Ioannis Friderici Zeitleri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfchemnitz'' seu ''Dorfchemnitz bei Sayda'')</small> * [[Villa Ernfridi]]<ref name="SS 1490">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1490). ''Ältere Urkunden: Andreas Trapp, Verweser des Altars Johannes’ des Täufers in der Pfarrkirche Ehrenfriedersdorf (Ernfridißdorff)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenfriedersdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Indaginis]]<ref name="Posse 1881"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfhain'')</small> * [[Villa Panis]]<ref name="Mencken 1730"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bannewitz'')</small> * [[Viridifluxus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Grieboch'')</small> * [[Viridis Lucus-Bavaricum Feldum]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864">Ermisch, H. (Ed.). (1864). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünhain-Beierfeld'')</small> * [[Viridulum Nemus]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grünhainichen'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== W ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Wachau (Saxe)|Wachau]] * [[Waldenbourg (Saxe)|Waldenbourg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldheim]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldhufen-Vierkirchen]] * [[Wechselburg]] * [[Weinböhla]] * [[Weischlitz]] * [[Weißenberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Weißenborn/Erzgeb.]] * [[Weißig am Raschütz]] * [[Weißkeißel]] * [[Weißwasser]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Werda]] * [[Werdau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wermsdorf]] * [[Wiedemar]] * [[Wiednitz]] * [[Wildenfels]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wildenhain]] * [[Wilkau-Haßlau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilsdruff]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilthen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wittichenau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wolkenstein (Saxe)|Wolkenstein]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wülknitz]] * [[Wurzen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> {{div col end}} ==== Z ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Zabeltitz]] * [[Zeithain]] * [[Zettlitz]] * [[Ziegra-Knobelsdorf]] * [[Zinna]] * [[Zöblitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschadraß]] * [[Zschaitz-Ottewig]] * [[Zschepplin]] * [[Zschopau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschorlau]] * [[Zwenkau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwickau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwochau]] * [[Zwönitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwota]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Urbes Saxoniae]] tjn4lmas0533ctup83fnv2v11blfrug 3965680 3965669 2026-06-19T22:17:12Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3965680 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Saxony.svg|thumb|550px|Urbes et communia [[Saxonia]]e (Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2023).]] '''Index [[urbs|urbium]] et [[commune|communium]] in [[Saxonia]]''' omnes sedes in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitate Foederata Libera]] Saxoniae recenset. [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitas Foederata Libera]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia]], e [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[2023]], ex universis 418 sedibus politice sui iuris constat. Quae ita distribuuntur: * 169 urbes ([[Theodisce]] ''Städte''), quarum: ** tres [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), inter quas [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] [[Dresda]] est; ** 166 urbes magnae [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''); * 249 communium circulo subiecta. 158 sedes, quarum 48 urbes, ad negotia administrationis suae gerenda in 64 consociationes administrativas (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaften'') et 21 communia in sex foedera administrativa (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsverbände'') coierunt. Die [[3 Octobris]] anni [[1990]] adhuc 1626 sedes exstabant. Quarum numerus, ex illo tempore, ad circiter quartam partem imminutus est.<ref name="Entwicklung">''Entwicklung der Verwaltungsgliederung des Freistaates Sachsen'' (Theodisce). Ab Officio Statistico Regionalis Liberae Civitatis Saxoniae, die 4 Ianuarii 2021.</ref> Index sequens omnes sedes Saxoniae politice sui iuris sub nominibus officialibus recenset. Ad latus nominis Latini cuiusque sedis apparet etiam nomen officiale [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] atque [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabicum]] atque, si quod exstat, nomen in aliis linguis regionalibus. Si sedes est [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta (Theodisce ''Große Kreisstadt''), aut simpliciter urbs, id quoque indicatur; non autem si sedes tantum commune est: ==== A ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Adorfium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adorf/Vogtl.'' seu ''Adorf/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Adorf'')</small> * [[Aerimontium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arzberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Arzberg'')</small> * [[Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbersdorf'')</small> * [[Alnetulum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elterlein''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Alterle'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Saxonia)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Elster'')</small> * [[Alta Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohendubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wysoka Dubrawa'')</small> * [[Alta Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hochkirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bukecy'')</small> * [[Alta Villa (Saxonia)|Alta Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohndorf'')</small> * [[Alticollum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hohnstein'')</small> * [[Alticollum-Vallis Ernesti]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenstein-Ernstthal'')</small> * [[Amnis Castorum et Villa Giselberti]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf'')</small> * [[Amnis Clarus et Bernardi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauter-Bernsbach'')</small> * [[Amnis Veprium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Brambach''; [[Varisce]] ''Brambich'')</small> * [[Annaberga-Buchholzia]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Annaberg-Buchholz'')</small> * [[Antiqua Mitweida]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2008">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde (2008). ''Altmittweida (antiqua Miteweide)''. Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen [HOV]. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altmittweida'')</small> * [[Antiquus Mons (Saxonia)|Antiquus Mons]]<ref name="Hrubý 2024">Hrubý, P. (2014). Medieval Mining Centre of Buchberg in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands: Metal Production in the Kingdom of Bohemia (13th-14th Centuries) (Antiquus Mons - Altenberg). ''Praehistorica'' 31 (2).</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Altenberg'')</small> * [[Apricirivus (Circulus terrae Misniensis)|Apricirivus]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ebersbach'')</small> * [[Apricirivus-Villa Geronis]]<ref name="Moser 1780">Moser, J. (1780). ''Corpus Iuris Evangelicorum Ecclesiastici: Complectens Statuta, Decreta et Ordinationes pro Rebus Ecclesiasticis''. Typis Christiani Friderici Schertzii.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersbach-Neugersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Habrachćicy-Nowe Jěžercy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Aberschbuch-Gierschdurf'')</small> * [[Arnoldi Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755">Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de provinciis Misnensibus et Saxonicis). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Diplomatarium Misnico-Voigtlandicum). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de Lusatia Superiore). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arnsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Warnoćicy'')</small> * [[Auerbachium (Montes Metalliferi)|Auerbachium]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Auerbachium Vogtlandiae]]<ref name="Mencken 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Auerbach/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Augustoburgum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Augustusburg'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== B ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Belgora-Schildavia]]<ref name="SS 2024">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2024). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Misnensis: De vectigalibus fluminis Albis inter Belgoram et Misnam anno 979 concesis''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Belgern-Schildau'')</small> * [[Belina (Saxonia)|Belina]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Böhlen'')</small> * [[Boernichenium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börnichen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Börnichen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Boesenbrunnum]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösenbrunn'')</small> * [[Borna (Saxonia)|Borna]]<ref name="Gersdorf V 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1865). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Haupttheil I, Band 5: Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Borno'')</small> * [[Borsdorfia]]<ref name="Leibniz 2021">Leibniz, G. W. (2021). ''Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe. Reihe I: Allgemeiner politischer und historischer Briefwechsel (Band 20: Juli 1701 – März 1702)''. Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Bibliothek Hannover.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borsdorf'')</small> * [[Boxberga (Saxonia)|Boxberga]]<ref name="Jecht 1920">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1920). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II, Band 1: Urkundenbuch der Stadt Görlitz und ihrer Klöster (1366)''. [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boxberg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hamor'')</small> * [[Brandisa]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Brandis'')</small> * [[Breitenbrunnum (Montes Metalliferi)|Breitenbrunnum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Budissa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bautzen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budyšin'')</small> * [[Burcardisdorfium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkhardtsdorf'')</small> * [[Burckavia]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Porchow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Burke'')</small> * [[Burgstadtium]]<ref name="AML 1724">Ab [[Alma Mater Lipsiensis|Alma Matre Lipsiensi]] (1724). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig: Register der Studiosi und akademischen Grade (Johannes Christopherus Schulze, Burgstadtium-Misnicus)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Burgstädt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== C ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Calemberga]]<ref name="Tschackert 1889">Tschackert, P. (Ed.) (1889). ''Briefwechsel des Antonius Corvinus''. Karl J. Trübner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Callenberg'')</small> * [[Camentia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kamenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenc'')</small> * [[Campus Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ellefeld'')</small> * [[Caropolis]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Liebstadt'')</small> * [[Casa Vitrea (Saxonia)|Casa Vitrea]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glashütte'')</small> * [[Cavertizia]]<ref name="Posee 1882">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1099)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Cavertitz'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Saxonia)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hirschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervipetra]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hirschstein'')</small> * [[Chemnicium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Chemnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenica'')</small> * [[Chiten]]<ref name="Kehr">Kehr, P. (1899). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Merseburg: I. Theil (962–1357)''. Halae: Otto Hendel.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geithain''; colloquialiter ''Geidn''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chitań'')</small> * [[Civitas Bernardi in Proprio]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernstadt auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Bernstadt a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bjenadźicy'')</small> * [[Clausenitia]]<ref name="Posse 1881">Posse, O. (1881). ''Die Markgrafen von Meissen und das Haus Wettin: Im Zusammenhange mit der Geschichte des Reichs''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Claußnitz'')</small> * [[Clipphausa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Clipphausanus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Academia Vitebergensis (1684). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Sub rectoratu magnifici viri'' (Vol. III, p. 114). Vitebergae. (Textus primigenius latinus qui alumnos nobilesque eius pagi perscribit: "...Joannes Georgius de Ziegler, Clipphausanus..." [Misnicus]).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klipphausen'')</small> * [[Coderovillare]]<ref name="Pertzer 1868">Pertzer, G. H. (Ed.) (1868). ''Formulae et Diplomata Lusatiae Superioris medii aevi''. Budissae: Typis Monasterii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kodersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kodrecy'')</small> * [[Colditia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Colditz'')</small> * [[Corylivallium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Haselbachtal'')</small> * [[Cozwicia]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Coswig'' seu ''Coswig bei Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kosowiki'')</small> * [[Crema (Saxonia)|Crema]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grimma''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grima'')</small> * [[Crieba-Neovilla]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/><ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreba-Neudorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrjebja-Nowa Wjes'')</small> * [[Crimnicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen (Band 1)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crimmitschau'' seu ''Crimmitzschau'' seu ''Krimmitschau'' seu ''Krimmitzschau'')</small> * [[Crinitzberga]]<ref name="Niels 1729">Niels, L. (Ed.) (1729). ''Opera omnia: De Marchia et finitimis Saxoniae regionibus''. Francofurti & Lipsiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crinitzberg'')</small> * [[Crischova]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreischa'')</small> * [[Crostewicia]]<ref name="Erler XVI 1895">Erler, G. (Ed.) (1895). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig (1409–1559)''. In ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae'' (Haupttheil II, Band 16). Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krostitz'')</small> * [[Crostwicia]]<ref name="Posse 1883">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crostwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrósćicy'')</small> * [[Crottendorfium]]<ref name="Wiessner 1937">Wiessner, H. (1937). ''Das Bistum Naumburg: Die Diözese'' (Vol. 1). Berolini: Walter de Gruyter & Co.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crottendorf'')</small> * [[Crybenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kriebstein'')</small> * [[Cubschicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kubschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kubšicy'')</small> * [[Cunionissilva]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cunewalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kumwałd''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Cunewaale'')</small> * [[Custodia Dei]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herrnhut''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ochranow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Harrnhutt'' seu ''Harrnutt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== D ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Dalamancia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lommatzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłomač'')</small> * [[Debelum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Döbeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doblin'')</small> * [[Delicia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Delitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Delič'')</small> * [[Demicium-Thumicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1899). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band B-4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen (1381–1427)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Demitz-Thumitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zemicy-Tumicy'')</small> * [[Denheritium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dennheritz'')</small> * [[Derium-Cyrenium]]<ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Diera-Zehren'')</small> * [[Desertum Elstri]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882">Posse, O., & Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1234)'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsterheide''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrowska Hola'')</small> * [[Dippoldiswalda]]<ref name="Kleppisius 1804">Kleppisius, G. (1804). ''Epitaphium veneratae caniciei senioris Gregorii Kleppisii. En Neues allgemeines Intelligenzblatt für Literatur und Kunst''. Lipsiae: Johann Conrad Hinrichs.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dippoldiswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dipps'')</small> * [[Doberschizium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doberschütz'')</small> * [[Dobrusium-Gussigium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Doberschau-Gaußig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dobruša-Huska'')</small> * [[Doma (Saxonia)|Doma]]<ref name="Posern-Klett 1875">Posern-Klett, K. F. von (Ed.) (1875). ''Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohma'')</small> * [[Dommitzia]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dommitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Domič'')</small> * [[Doninburgum]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Donin'')</small> * [[Drebachium]]<ref name="Müller 1715"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drebach'')</small> * [[Dresda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drježdźany''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Draasn'')</small> * [[Duba]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Düben'')</small> * [[Dubrava (Saxonia)|Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1896). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii Germaniae]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großdubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulka Dubrawa'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== E ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Eilenburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eilenburg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jiłow'')</small> * [[Elsnigium]]<ref name="SS 1378">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1378). ''Ältere Urkunden: Landgrafen von Thüringen übereignen dem Kloster Buch das Dorf Elsnig (Elsnyg)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsnig'')</small> * [[Elstro]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstra''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrow'')</small> * [[Episcopi Insula]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bischofswerda'' seu ''Schiebock''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Biskopicy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Beschwere'' seu ''Schiebock'')</small> * [[Eppendorfium Misnicum]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753">Kiesling, J. R. (1753). ''Historia Concertationis Graecorum Latinorumque de Transsubstantiatione in Sacrae Eucharistiae Sacramento''. Ioannis Adami Bielckii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eppendorf'')</small> * [[Ericeti Ava]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== F ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Falcostenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Falkenstein/Vogtl.'' seu ''Falkenstein/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Falkenstein''; [[Varisce]] ''Falkenstaa'')</small> * [[Flava (Saxonia)|Flava]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Flöha'')</small> * [[Francavallis]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenthal''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Frankln'')</small> * [[Frankenberga (Saxonia)|Frankenberga]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenberg/Sa.'')</small> * [[Frauenstenium (Saxonia)|Frauenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum (Saxonia)|Fraxinetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jesewitz'')</small> * [[Friberga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freiberg'')</small> * [[Frohburgum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frohburg'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== G ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Gelenavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gelenau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gelenau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gerhardi Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854">Stenzel, G. A. H. (Ed.) (1854). ''Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' (Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae, Tomus XIV, Registrum Legniciense). Max & Comp.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gersdorf'')</small> * [[Geringswalda]]<ref name="Bernhardi 1777">Bernhardi, G. A. (1777). ''Beytrag zu einer Geschichte des Städtlein Geringswalda, und besonders des ehemals dabey gelegenen St. Marien-Klosters, Benedictiner-Ordens''. Johann Gottfried Müller.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Geringswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dessch'')</small> * [[Geyera]]<ref name="">Müller, J. B. (1710). ''Geographia Universalis, ex recentissimis observationibus ad usum iuventutis historicae''. Typis Johannis Henrici Schmidii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geyer'')</small> * [[Glaucha]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glauchau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłuchow''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Glauche'')</small> * [[Gluboczkia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Glaubitz'')</small> * [[Godavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hodźij'')</small> * [[Gorcha]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hórka'' seu ''Dołha Hórka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hurke'')</small> * [[Gorisium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gohrisch'')</small> * [[Gorlicium Germaniae]]<ref name="UL 1684">Universitas Lipsiensis (1684). ''Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXIV publicata''. Lipsiae: Grossium & Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Görlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zhorjelc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Gerlz'' seu ''Gerltz'' seu ''Gerltsch'')</small> * [[Gornavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gornau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gottleubia-Mons Gieshubelus]]<ref name="Sehling 1902">Sehling, E. (1902). ''Die evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI. Jahrhunderts. Band I: Sachsen (De parochia et inspectione Gottleubiae)''. Lipsiae: O. R. Reisland.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel'')</small> * [[Groditium]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Gröditz'')</small> * [[Groisca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Groitzsch'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== H ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Haganoa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenhain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Hojn'')</small> * [[Hartensteinium (Saxonia)|Hartensteinium]]<ref>[https://www.google.de/books/edition/Thesaurus_iuris_feudalis/iCpXAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=hartensteinium+saxoniae&pg=RA2-PA898&printsec=frontcover De nomine proprio Latino ''Hartensteinium'' (Theodisce ''Hartenstein'') vide ''Thesaurum iuris feudalis'', tom. I, Francofurti ad Moenum 1750, p. 898.]</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartenstein'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa (apud Chemnicium)|Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa-Diviteava]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa prope Montem Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf bei Kirchberg'' seu ''Hartmannsdorf bei Saupersdorf'')</small> * [[Heidenrici Villa]]<ref name="Wutke XX 1900">Wutke, K. (Ed.) (1900). ''Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae: Regesten zur schlesischen Geschichte'' (Vol. 20). E. Woulfarth's Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heidersdorf'')</small> * [[Heini Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heinsdorfergrund'')</small> * [[Henrici Villa]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Suche Hendrichecy'')</small> * [[Hermanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hermsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Hermsdorf/Erzgebirge'' seu ''Hermsdorf bei Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Hoyerswerda]]<ref name="UL 1734">Universitas Lipsiensis (1734). ''Solemnia Magistrorum Philosophiae et Artium: Ex recensione academiae''. Typis Langenhemiis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoyerswerda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wojerecy''; colloquialiter ''Hoywoj'' seu ''Hoywoy'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== I ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Iabloncza]]<ref name="CDLS">Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris I: Regesten der Urkunden Kaiser Karls IV. (1346–1378). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gablenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jabłońc'')</small> * [[Ibenstoka]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Eibenstock'')</small> * [[Indago Baltgeri]]<ref name="SS 1296">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1296). ''Urkunden und Grenzabgrenzungen des Ritterguts Belgershain im Erbamt Grimma (Indago Baltgeri)''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belgershain'')</small> * [[Ioannis Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Ioanno-Georgiopolis]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Johanngeorgenstadt'')</small> * [[Ionis Villa]]<ref name="Jecht 1915">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1915). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris IV: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Band 4, Regesten der Dörfer unter dem Oybin). Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jonsdorf'' seu ''Kurort Jonsdorf'')</small> * [[Iordanis Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1879). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 6. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornsdorf'')</small> * [[Iustusburgum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jöhstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== K ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Kiczer]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kitzscher'')</small> * [[Klingenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klingenberg'')</small> * [[Kotmarus (commune)|Kotmarus]]<ref name="Kirchmaier 1698">Kirchmaier, G. C. (1698). ''De fontibus fluminum Sprae et Albis: tractatus historico-geographicus in quo de eorum originibus in montibus Lusatiae agitur''. Vitebergae: Typis Christiani Schrödteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kottmar''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kotmar'')</small> * [[Kruschvicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krauschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krušwica'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== L ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Lambertisilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lampertswalde'')</small> * [[Lapis Regis (Helvetia Saxonica)|Lapis Regis]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königstein'' seu ''Königstein/Sächs. Schw.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowc'')</small> * [[Lauta (Saxonia)|Lauta]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauta''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łuty'')</small> * [[Lawalda]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lawalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěwałd'')</small> * [[Leisnicium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leisnig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnik'')</small> * [[Lesnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lößnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnica'')</small> * [[Leubasivilla (Saxonia)|Leubasivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga (Circulus terrae Budissinensis)|Lichtenberga]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Budissinensis|Circulo terrae Budissinensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref name="Graesse">Theodisce ''Landkreis Bautzen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swětła'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga ad Montes Metalliferos]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Lichtenberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Limbachium-Frohnavia]]<ref name="Ludovici 1723">Ludovici, J. F. (1723). ''Volumen scriptorum clientelarium et feudalium Marchiae Misnicae''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Officina Rengeriana.</ref><ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach-Oberfrohna'')</small> * [[Limosorivulus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lipschutza]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Liebschützberg'')</small> * [[Lipsia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leipzig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lipsk''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Leibzsch'')</small> * [[Liubanici Urbs]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Löbnitz'')</small> * [[Lobavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Löbau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lubij''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Liebe'')</small> * [[Lomena (Saxonia)|Lomena]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohmen'')</small> * [[Longalborivulus]]<ref>Hoc commune in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]] Saxoniae situm ortum est cum antiqua communia Longorivulus (Theodisce ''Langenbach''), Alborivulus (Theodisce ''Weißbach'') et, postea, Slema (Theodisce ''Schlema'') [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[1996]] coniuncta sunt. Latino de toponymo "Longorivulus", vide: Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri; et Latino de toponymo "Alborivulus", vide: Weiß, C. H. (1721). ''De scriptoribus historiae Saxonicae seculi XVII schediasma literarium''. Lipsiae: Apud Jo. Christianum Martinum. Quia hodiernum novi communis nomen Theodiscum, ''Langenweißbach'', nominum ''Langenbach'' et ''Weißbach'' [[verbum amalgamatum|vocabulum amalgamatum]] est, nomen "Longalborivulus" novo communi ex antiquiis nominibus "Longorivulus" et "Alborivulus" amalgamare possumus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenweißbach'')</small> * [[Longobernardivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenbernsdorf'')</small> * [[Longocampus (Saxonia)|Longocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lengenfeld'')</small> * [[Losavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohsa''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łaz'')</small> * [[Lossavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lossatal'')</small> * [[Luciabies]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtentanne'')</small> * [[Lucipetra]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenstein/Sa.'' seu ''Lichtenstein/Sachsen'')</small> * [[Lucipratum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenau'')</small> * [[Luga (Saxonia)|Luga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lugau'')</small> * [[Lunzenavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lunzenau'')</small> * [[Lusicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Laußig'')</small> * [[Lusnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laußnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łužnica'')</small> * [[Lutgerivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leutersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lutarjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Leckerschdurf'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== M ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Machern]] * [[Magna Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großolbersdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Dubena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Düben''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dźěwin'')</small> * [[Magna Harthavia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657">Carpzov, B. (1657). ''Decisiones Illustres Saxonicae: In quibus arduae et graves quaestiones in foro Saxonico'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Haeredum Schurerianorum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großharthau''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hoarde'')</small> * [[Magna Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großhartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Nova Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großnaundorf'')</small> * [[Magna Postvicia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpostwitz'' seu ''Großpostwitz/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budestecy'')</small> * [[Magna Pulchra Prata]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschönau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Šunow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Grußschiene'')</small> * [[Magna Ruedigersdorfia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großröhrsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulke Rědorjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Rihrschdurf'' seu ''Gaage'')</small> * [[Magna Schirma]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großschirma'')</small> * [[Magna Swidnica]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschweidnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swóńca'' seu ''Swidnica'' seu ''Swódnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schweenz'')</small> * [[Magna Wizschena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großweitzschen'')</small> * [[Malschwitz]] * [[Marienberg (Saxe)|Marienberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Markersdorf (Saxe)|Markersdorf]] * [[Markkleeberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Markneukirchen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Markranstädt]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Meerane]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Meißen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mildenau]] * [[Mittelherwigsdorf]] * [[Mittweida]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mochau]] * [[Mockrehna]] * [[Molendinorum Vallis (Saxonia)|Molendinorum Vallis]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlental'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Saxonia)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Picae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Praetorianus]]<ref name="Mencken 1728">Mencken, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. [[Lipsia]]e: E. Martini; et: Mencken, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Tomus I). Lipsiae: Ioannes Christianus Martinus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amtsberg'')</small> * [[Montes (Saxonia)|Montes]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bergen'')</small> * [[Moritzburg (Saxe)|Moritzburg]] * [[Mücka]] * [[Mügeln]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Müglitztal]] * [[Mühlau (Saxe)|Mühlau]] * [[Mühltroff]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mulda/Sa.]] * [[Muldenhammer]] * [[Mülsen]] * [[Muscavia]]<ref name="UW 1685">Universität Wittenberg (1685). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Tituli, inscriptiones et matriculae studiosorum (Johannes Henricus Cuntze, Muscavia-Lusatus)''. Ex officina typographica.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Muskau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mužakow'')</small> * [[Mutzschen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mylau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> {{div col end}} ==== N ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Narsdorf]] * [[Naundorf (Saxe)|Naundorf]] * [[Naunhof]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Nauwalde]] * [[Nebelschütz]] * [[Neißeaue]] * [[Neovilla Germanica]]<ref name="Müller 1715">Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutschneudorf'')</small> * [[Nerchau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Neschwitz]] * [[Netzschkau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Neuensalz]] * [[Neuhausen/Erzgeb.]] * [[Neukieritzsch]] * [[Neukirch (bei Königsbrück)|Neukirch]] (bei Königsbrück) * [[Neukirch (Lusace)|Neukirch]] (Lusace) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neungirch'')</small> * [[Neukirchen/Erzgeb.]] * [[Neukirchen/Pleiße]] * [[Neukyhna]] * [[Neumark (Saxe)|Neumark]] * [[Neusalza-Spremberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Neustadt in Sachsen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Neustadt/Vogtl.]] * [[Niederau]] * [[Niederdorf (Saxe)|Niederdorf]] * [[Niederfrohna]] * [[Niederstriegis]] * [[Niederwiesa]] * [[Niederwürschnitz]] * [[Niesky]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Nossen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Novale Dominae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Fraureuth'')</small> * [[Nünchritz]] {{div col end}} ==== O ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Obergurig]] * [[Oberlungwitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oberschöna]] * [[Oberwiera]] * [[Oberwiesenthal]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oderwitz]] * [[Oederan]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oelsnitz/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oelsnitz/Vogtl.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Ohorn]] * [[Olbernhau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oppach]] <small>([[Theodisce]] '''' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Uppch'')</small> * [[Oschatz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oßling]] * [[Ostrau (Saxe)|Ostrau]] * [[Ostritz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Ottendorf-Okrilla]] * [[Otterwisch]] * [[Owa-Palus Slemensis]]<ref name="">Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg (1999). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Naumburgensis (1207-1304)''. (Ed. ab H. J. Kirsch). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Böhlau Verlag.</ref><ref name="Mencken 1730">Mencken, J. B. (1730). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. Lipsiae: E. Martini.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Aue-Bad Schlema'')</small> * [[Oybin]] {{div col end}} ==== P ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Palus Regia]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Lausick'')</small> * [[Panschwitz-Kuckau]] * [[Parthenstein]] * [[Parvum Nemus Lusaticum]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hähnichen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wosečk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hahnchn'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Misnicum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainichen'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Silvae]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainewalde''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Heenewaale'')</small> * [[Passini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpösna'')</small> * [[Pausa (Saxe)|Pausa]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Pegau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Penig]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Petra Ursi (Saxonia)|Petra Ursi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bärenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffroda]] * [[Pirna (urbs)|Pirna]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Plauen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Pobershau]] * [[Pockau-Lengefeld]] * [[Pöhl]] * [[Pons Regularis]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halsbrücke'')</small> * [[Porschdorf]] * [[Pratum Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erlau'')</small> * [[Pratum Capreoli]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockau''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Bucke'')</small> * [[Priestewitz]] * [[Pulsnitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Bolzns'')</small> * [[Puschwitz]] {{div col end}} ==== Q ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Quercetum (Saxonia)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior, ab Ortum Rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum Tempora''. Impensis Ioannis Friderici Gleditschii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eichigt''; [[Varisce]] ''Maechlicht'' seu ''Machlich)'')</small> * [[Quitzdorf am See]] {{div col end}} ==== R ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Rabenau (Saxe)|Rabenau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Räckelwitz]] * [[Rackwitz]] * [[Radeberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Radebeul]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Radeburg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Radibor]] * [[Ralbitz-Rosenthal]] * [[Rammenau]] * [[Raschau-Markersbach]] * [[Rathen]] * [[Rathmannsdorf]] * [[Rechenberg-Bienenmühle]] * [[Regiocampus (Saxonia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652">Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsbrück''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kinspork'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Circulus terrae Gorliciensis)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Gorliciensis|Circulo terrae Gorliciensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Gorliciensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Görlitz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Gorliciensis-e" ad [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicium]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowski haj'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Montes Metalliferi)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Lehmann">Lehmann, C. (1699). ''Historia historico-geographica de limitibus et mirabilibus montium metalliferorum Saxonicorum''. Dresdae: Typis Baumannianis.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM">"Nuntii Latini Bremenses", [https://www.bremenzwei.de/themen/latein-nachrichten-rueckblick-september-102.html Septembris 2024, "Pauli Praemium Atrii Artificialis Bremensis tributum"].</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Königswalde''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Kinnesch’wall'')</small> * [[Regiosilva-Wideravia]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/><ref name="Schmid 1705">Schmid, J. (1705). ''Dies fasti Academiae Lipsiensis, continens dissertationes et panegyricas orationes''. Lipsiae: Typis Fleischerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain-Wiederau'')</small> * [[Regiovarda]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königswartha''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rakecy'')</small> * [[Regis-Breitingen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Reichenbach im Vogtland]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Reichenbach (Haute-Lusace)|Reichenbach]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> (Haute-Lusace) * [[Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna]] * [[Reinsberg (Saxe)|Reinsberg]] * [[Reinsdorf (Saxe)|Reinsdorf]] * [[Remse]] * [[Reuth (Saxe)|Reuth]] * [[Riesa]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rietschen]] * [[Rochlitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Röderaue]] * [[Rodewisch]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rosenbach]] * [[Rosenbach/Vogtl.]] * [[Rosenthal-Bielatal]] * [[Rossau (Saxe)|Rossau]] * [[Roßwein]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rötha]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rothenburg (Haute-Lusace)|Rothenburg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rudigerivilla Arida-Theodericibachium]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach'')</small> * [[Rueckerswalda Magna]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großrückerswalde'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== S ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Sayda]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Scheibenberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schirgiswalde-Kirschau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schirgswaale-Kirsche'')</small> * [[Schkeuditz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schleife (Saxe)|Schleife]] * [[Schlettau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schmiedeberg (Saxe)|Schmiedeberg]] * [[Schmölln-Putzkau]] * [[Schneeberg (Saxe)|Schneeberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schönau-Berzdorf]] * [[Schönbach (Saxe)|Schönbach]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schimmch'')</small> * [[Schönberg (Saxe)|Schönberg]] * [[Schöneck/Vogtl.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schönfeld (Saxe)|Schönfeld]] * [[Schönheide]] * [[Schönteichen]] * [[Schönwölkau]] * [[Schöpstal]] * [[Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schwepnitz]] * [[Sebnitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Securiferi Roturatio]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Beilrode'')</small> * [[Seelitz]] * [[Sehmatal]] * [[Seiffen/Erzgeb.]] * [[Seifhennersdorf]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hennerschdurf'')</small> * [[Silva Hartha]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hartha'')</small> * [[Sitavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Zittau'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žitawa''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Sitte'')</small> * [[Sohland an der Spree]] * [[Sohland am Rotstein]] * [[Sornzig-Ablaß]] * [[Sosa (Saxe)|Sosa]] * [[Spreetal]] * [[Stadt Wehlen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Stauchitz]] * [[St. Egidien]] * [[Steina]] * [[Steinberg (Saxe)|Steinberg]] * [[Steinigtwolmsdorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] '''' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Wunnsdurf'' seu ''Wumpe'' seu ''Steenigwupte'')</small> * [[Stollberg/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Stolpen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Strahwalde]] * [[Strehla]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Striegistal]] * [[Struppen]] * [[Stützengrün]] {{div col end}} ==== T ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Tannenberg (Sachsen)|Tannenberg]] * [[Taucha]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Taura]] * [[Tauscha]] * [[Thalheim/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thallwitz]] * [[Tharandt]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thermalbad Wiesenbad]] * [[Theuma]] * [[Thiendorf]] * [[Thum]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thümmlitzwalde]] * [[Tirpersdorf]] * [[Tollanum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dolan'')</small> * [[Torgau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Trebendorf]] * [[Trebnicia Elstri]]<ref name="Friedrich 1904">Friedrich, G. (Ed.) (1904). ''Codex Diplomaticus et Epistolaris Regni Bohemiae'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Comitiorum Regni Bohemiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstertrebnitz'')</small> * [[Trebsen/Mulde]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Treuen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Triebel/Vogtl.]] * [[Triebischtal]] * [[Trimurica]]<ref name="Posse 1883"/><ref name="Hanspach 2014">Hanspach, D. (2024). ''Silva, nemus, merica, forestum: Die ältesten schriftlichen Wald- und Heidebelege im Lehnbuch Friedrich des Strengen''. In ''Arbeits- und Forschungsberichte zur sächsischen Bodendenkmalpflege'' (Band 32). Dresdae: Landesamt für Archäologie Sachsen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dreiheide'')</small> * [[Trossin]] {{div col end}} ==== V ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Vallis Ignominiosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Schandau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žandow'')</small> * [[Vallis Kobilizensis]]<ref name="">Ernst, J. (Ed.) (1968). ''Formulae Merovingici et Karolini Aevi'' (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio V). [[Hannovera]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Käbschütztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Libera]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freital'')</small> * [[Vallis Lutosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahretal'')</small> * [[Vallis Sonorosa]]<ref name="Mencken 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klingenthal'' seu ''Klingenthal/Sa.''; [[Varisce]] ''Klingedool'')</small> * [[Villa Bavari]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beiersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bejerecy'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis)|Villa Bernardi]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]]<ref name="CTZ">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Zwickau'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cygnea]]m" -ad quod gentilicium "Zviccaviensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}. Quo de gentilicio, confer "[[Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium|Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium]]", anno [[1348]] scriptum.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Lusatia Superior)|Villa Bernardi]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> (in [[Lusatia superior|Lusatia Superior]]e) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njedźichow'')</small> * [[Villa Bertholdi Montana]]<ref name="Prochno 1939">Prochno, J. (1939). ''Zittauer Urkundenbuch, Band 1: Regesten zur Geschichte der Stadt und des Landes Zittau 1234–1437''. [[Sitavia]]e: Mitteilungen del Zittauer Geschichts- und Museumsvereins.</ref><ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bertsdorf-Hörnitz'')</small> * [[Villa Boni]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bennewitz'')</small> * [[Villa Chemnitzia]]<ref name="Buddeus 1704">Buddeus, J. F. (1704). ''Historia iuris naturalis, seculi iussu et auctoritate potissimum Samuelis Pufendorfii restituti''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Typis et impensis Ioannis Friderici Zeitleri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfchemnitz'' seu ''Dorfchemnitz bei Sayda'')</small> * [[Villa Ernfridi]]<ref name="SS 1490">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1490). ''Ältere Urkunden: Andreas Trapp, Verweser des Altars Johannes’ des Täufers in der Pfarrkirche Ehrenfriedersdorf (Ernfridißdorff)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenfriedersdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Indaginis]]<ref name="Posse 1881"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfhain'')</small> * [[Villa Panis]]<ref name="Mencken 1730"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bannewitz'')</small> * [[Viridifluxus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Grieboch'')</small> * [[Viridis Lucus-Bavaricum Feldum]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864">Ermisch, H. (Ed.). (1864). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünhain-Beierfeld'')</small> * [[Viridulum Nemus]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grünhainichen'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== W ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Wachau (Saxe)|Wachau]] * [[Waldenbourg (Saxe)|Waldenbourg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldheim]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldhufen-Vierkirchen]] * [[Wechselburg]] * [[Weinböhla]] * [[Weischlitz]] * [[Weißenberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Weißenborn/Erzgeb.]] * [[Weißig am Raschütz]] * [[Weißkeißel]] * [[Weißwasser]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Werda]] * [[Werdau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wermsdorf]] * [[Wiedemar]] * [[Wiednitz]] * [[Wildenfels]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wildenhain]] * [[Wilkau-Haßlau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilsdruff]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilthen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wittichenau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wolkenstein (Saxe)|Wolkenstein]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wülknitz]] * [[Wurzen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> {{div col end}} ==== Z ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Zabeltitz]] * [[Zeithain]] * [[Zettlitz]] * [[Ziegra-Knobelsdorf]] * [[Zinna]] * [[Zöblitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschadraß]] * [[Zschaitz-Ottewig]] * [[Zschepplin]] * [[Zschopau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschorlau]] * [[Zwenkau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwickau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwochau]] * [[Zwönitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwota]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Urbes Saxoniae]] ioz0r6f4jql0fsbjocp3ph01u7hcrse 3965681 3965680 2026-06-19T22:18:43Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* L */ 3965681 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Saxony.svg|thumb|550px|Urbes et communia [[Saxonia]]e (Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2023).]] '''Index [[urbs|urbium]] et [[commune|communium]] in [[Saxonia]]''' omnes sedes in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitate Foederata Libera]] Saxoniae recenset. [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|Civitas Foederata Libera]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia]], e [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[2023]], ex universis 418 sedibus politice sui iuris constat. Quae ita distribuuntur: * 169 urbes ([[Theodisce]] ''Städte''), quarum: ** tres [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), inter quas [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] [[Dresda]] est; ** 166 urbes magnae [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''); * 249 communium circulo subiecta. 158 sedes, quarum 48 urbes, ad negotia administrationis suae gerenda in 64 consociationes administrativas (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsgemeinschaften'') et 21 communia in sex foedera administrativa (Theodisce ''Verwaltungsverbände'') coierunt. Die [[3 Octobris]] anni [[1990]] adhuc 1626 sedes exstabant. Quarum numerus, ex illo tempore, ad circiter quartam partem imminutus est.<ref name="Entwicklung">''Entwicklung der Verwaltungsgliederung des Freistaates Sachsen'' (Theodisce). Ab Officio Statistico Regionalis Liberae Civitatis Saxoniae, die 4 Ianuarii 2021.</ref> Index sequens omnes sedes Saxoniae politice sui iuris sub nominibus officialibus recenset. Ad latus nominis Latini cuiusque sedis apparet etiam nomen officiale [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] atque [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabicum]] atque, si quod exstat, nomen in aliis linguis regionalibus. Si sedes est [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreie Städte''), urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta (Theodisce ''Große Kreisstadt''), aut simpliciter urbs, id quoque indicatur; non autem si sedes tantum commune est: ==== A ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Adorfium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adorf/Vogtl.'' seu ''Adorf/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Adorf'')</small> * [[Aerimontium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arzberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Arzberg'')</small> * [[Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Olbersdorf'')</small> * [[Alnetulum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elterlein''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Alterle'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Saxonia)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Elster'')</small> * [[Alta Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohendubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wysoka Dubrawa'')</small> * [[Alta Ecclesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hochkirch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bukecy'')</small> * [[Alta Villa (Saxonia)|Alta Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohndorf'')</small> * [[Alticollum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hohnstein'')</small> * [[Alticollum-Vallis Ernesti]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hohenstein-Ernstthal'')</small> * [[Amnis Castorum et Villa Giselberti]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf'')</small> * [[Amnis Clarus et Bernardi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauter-Bernsbach'')</small> * [[Amnis Veprium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Brambach''; [[Varisce]] ''Brambich'')</small> * [[Annaberga-Buchholzia]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Annaberg-Buchholz'')</small> * [[Antiqua Mitweida]]<ref name="IfSGuV 2008">Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde (2008). ''Altmittweida (antiqua Miteweide)''. Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen [HOV]. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altmittweida'')</small> * [[Antiquus Mons (Saxonia)|Antiquus Mons]]<ref name="Hrubý 2024">Hrubý, P. (2014). Medieval Mining Centre of Buchberg in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands: Metal Production in the Kingdom of Bohemia (13th-14th Centuries) (Antiquus Mons - Altenberg). ''Praehistorica'' 31 (2).</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Altenberg'')</small> * [[Apricirivus (Circulus terrae Misniensis)|Apricirivus]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ebersbach'')</small> * [[Apricirivus-Villa Geronis]]<ref name="Moser 1780">Moser, J. (1780). ''Corpus Iuris Evangelicorum Ecclesiastici: Complectens Statuta, Decreta et Ordinationes pro Rebus Ecclesiasticis''. Typis Christiani Friderici Schertzii.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersbach-Neugersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Habrachćicy-Nowe Jěžercy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Aberschbuch-Gierschdurf'')</small> * [[Arnoldi Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755">Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de provinciis Misnensibus et Saxonicis). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Diplomatarium Misnico-Voigtlandicum). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana; et: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi'' (Vol. 3, Appendices de Lusatia Superiore). Altenburgi: Officina Richteriana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Arnsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Warnoćicy'')</small> * [[Auerbachium (Montes Metalliferi)|Auerbachium]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Auerbachium Vogtlandiae]]<ref name="Mencken 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auerbach/Vogtl.'' seu ''Auerbach/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Auerbach'')</small> * [[Augustoburgum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Augustusburg'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== B ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Belgora-Schildavia]]<ref name="SS 2024">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (2024). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Misnensis: De vectigalibus fluminis Albis inter Belgoram et Misnam anno 979 concesis''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref><ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Belgern-Schildau'')</small> * [[Belina (Saxonia)|Belina]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Böhlen'')</small> * [[Boernichenium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Börnichen/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Börnichen/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Boesenbrunnum]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bösenbrunn'')</small> * [[Borna (Saxonia)|Borna]]<ref name="Gersdorf V 1865">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1865). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae. Haupttheil I, Band 5: Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Meissen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Borno'')</small> * [[Borsdorfia]]<ref name="Leibniz 2021">Leibniz, G. W. (2021). ''Sämtliche Schriften und Briefe. Reihe I: Allgemeiner politischer und historischer Briefwechsel (Band 20: Juli 1701 – März 1702)''. Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz-Bibliothek Hannover.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Borsdorf'')</small> * [[Boxberga (Saxonia)|Boxberga]]<ref name="Jecht 1920">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1920). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II, Band 1: Urkundenbuch der Stadt Görlitz und ihrer Klöster (1366)''. [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Boxberg/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hamor'')</small> * [[Brandisa]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Brandis'')</small> * [[Breitenbrunnum (Montes Metalliferi)|Breitenbrunnum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Breitenbrunn/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Budissa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bautzen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budyšin'')</small> * [[Burcardisdorfium]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkhardtsdorf'')</small> * [[Burckavia]]<ref name="Sehling 1902"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Burkau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Porchow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Burke'')</small> * [[Burgstadtium]]<ref name="AML 1724">Ab [[Alma Mater Lipsiensis|Alma Matre Lipsiensi]] (1724). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig: Register der Studiosi und akademischen Grade (Johannes Christopherus Schulze, Burgstadtium-Misnicus)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Burgstädt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== C ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Calemberga]]<ref name="Tschackert 1889">Tschackert, P. (Ed.) (1889). ''Briefwechsel des Antonius Corvinus''. Karl J. Trübner.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Callenberg'')</small> * [[Camentia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kamenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenc'')</small> * [[Campus Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ellefeld'')</small> * [[Caropolis]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Liebstadt'')</small> * [[Casa Vitrea (Saxonia)|Casa Vitrea]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glashütte'')</small> * [[Cavertizia]]<ref name="Posee 1882">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1099)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Cavertitz'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Saxonia)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hirschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervipetra]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hirschstein'')</small> * [[Chemnicium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Chemnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kamjenica'')</small> * [[Chiten]]<ref name="Kehr">Kehr, P. (1899). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Merseburg: I. Theil (962–1357)''. Halae: Otto Hendel.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geithain''; colloquialiter ''Geidn''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chitań'')</small> * [[Civitas Bernardi in Proprio]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernstadt auf dem Eigen'' seu ''Bernstadt a. d. Eigen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bjenadźicy'')</small> * [[Clausenitia]]<ref name="Posse 1881">Posse, O. (1881). ''Die Markgrafen von Meissen und das Haus Wettin: Im Zusammenhange mit der Geschichte des Reichs''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Claußnitz'')</small> * [[Clipphausa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum regressive derivatur Latino e gentilicio "Clipphausanus-a-um". Quo de gentilicio, vide: Academia Vitebergensis (1684). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Sub rectoratu magnifici viri'' (Vol. III, p. 114). Vitebergae. (Textus primigenius latinus qui alumnos nobilesque eius pagi perscribit: "...Joannes Georgius de Ziegler, Clipphausanus..." [Misnicus]).</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klipphausen'')</small> * [[Coderovillare]]<ref name="Pertzer 1868">Pertzer, G. H. (Ed.) (1868). ''Formulae et Diplomata Lusatiae Superioris medii aevi''. Budissae: Typis Monasterii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kodersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kodrecy'')</small> * [[Colditia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Colditz'')</small> * [[Corylivallium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Haselbachtal'')</small> * [[Cozwicia]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Coswig'' seu ''Coswig bei Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kosowiki'')</small> * [[Crema (Saxonia)|Crema]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grimma''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grima'')</small> * [[Crieba-Neovilla]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/><ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreba-Neudorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrjebja-Nowa Wjes'')</small> * [[Crimnicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen (Band 1)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crimmitschau'' seu ''Crimmitzschau'' seu ''Krimmitschau'' seu ''Krimmitzschau'')</small> * [[Crinitzberga]]<ref name="Niels 1729">Niels, L. (Ed.) (1729). ''Opera omnia: De Marchia et finitimis Saxoniae regionibus''. Francofurti & Lipsiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crinitzberg'')</small> * [[Crischova]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kreischa'')</small> * [[Crostewicia]]<ref name="Erler XVI 1895">Erler, G. (Ed.) (1895). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Leipzig (1409–1559)''. In ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae'' (Haupttheil II, Band 16). Giesecke & Devrient. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krostitz'')</small> * [[Crostwicia]]<ref name="Posse 1883">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crostwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Chrósćicy'')</small> * [[Crottendorfium]]<ref name="Wiessner 1937">Wiessner, H. (1937). ''Das Bistum Naumburg: Die Diözese'' (Vol. 1). Berolini: Walter de Gruyter & Co.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Crottendorf'')</small> * [[Crybenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kriebstein'')</small> * [[Cubschicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kubschütz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kubšicy'')</small> * [[Cunionissilva]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cunewalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kumwałd''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Cunewaale'')</small> * [[Custodia Dei]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Herrnhut''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Ochranow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Harrnhutt'' seu ''Harrnutt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== D ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Dalamancia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lommatzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłomač'')</small> * [[Debelum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Döbeln''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doblin'')</small> * [[Delicia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Delitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Delič'')</small> * [[Demicium-Thumicium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1899). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band B-4. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen (1381–1427)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Demitz-Thumitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zemicy-Tumicy'')</small> * [[Denheritium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dennheritz'')</small> * [[Derium-Cyrenium]]<ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Diera-Zehren'')</small> * [[Desertum Elstri]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882">Posse, O., & Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1882). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen (948–1234)'' (Vol. 1). Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elsterheide''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrowska Hola'')</small> * [[Dippoldiswalda]]<ref name="Kleppisius 1804">Kleppisius, G. (1804). ''Epitaphium veneratae caniciei senioris Gregorii Kleppisii. En Neues allgemeines Intelligenzblatt für Literatur und Kunst''. Lipsiae: Johann Conrad Hinrichs.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dippoldiswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dipps'')</small> * [[Doberschizium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Doberschütz'')</small> * [[Dobrusium-Gussigium]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/><ref name="Ermisch 1899"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Doberschau-Gaußig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dobruša-Huska'')</small> * [[Doma (Saxonia)|Doma]]<ref name="Posern-Klett 1875">Posern-Klett, K. F. von (Ed.) (1875). ''Urkundenbuch der Städte Dresden und Pirna''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohma'')</small> * [[Dommitzia]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dommitzsch''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Domič'')</small> * [[Doninburgum]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dohna''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Donin'')</small> * [[Drebachium]]<ref name="Müller 1715"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drebach'')</small> * [[Dresda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dresden''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Drježdźany''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Draasn'')</small> * [[Duba]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Düben'')</small> * [[Dubrava (Saxonia)|Dubrava]]<ref name="Jecht 1896">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1896). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris II: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Vol. 1). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii Germaniae]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großdubrau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulka Dubrawa'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== E ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Eilenburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eilenburg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jiłow'')</small> * [[Elsnigium]]<ref name="SS 1378">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1378). ''Ältere Urkunden: Landgrafen von Thüringen übereignen dem Kloster Buch das Dorf Elsnig (Elsnyg)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsnig'')</small> * [[Elstro]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstra''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Halštrow'')</small> * [[Episcopi Insula]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bischofswerda'' seu ''Schiebock''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Biskopicy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Beschwere'' seu ''Schiebock'')</small> * [[Eppendorfium Misnicum]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753">Kiesling, J. R. (1753). ''Historia Concertationis Graecorum Latinorumque de Transsubstantiatione in Sacrae Eucharistiae Sacramento''. Ioannis Adami Bielckii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eppendorf'')</small> * [[Ericeti Ava]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] seu [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Heidenau'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== F ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Falcostenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Falkenstein/Vogtl.'' seu ''Falkenstein/Vogtland''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Falkenstein''; [[Varisce]] ''Falkenstaa'')</small> * [[Flava (Saxonia)|Flava]]<ref name="Posse & Ermisch 1882"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Flöha'')</small> * [[Francavallis]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenthal''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Frankln'')</small> * [[Frankenberga (Saxonia)|Frankenberga]]<ref name="Kiesling 1753"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frankenberg/Sa.'')</small> * [[Frauenstenium (Saxonia)|Frauenstenium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum (Saxonia)|Fraxinetum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jesewitz'')</small> * [[Friberga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freiberg'')</small> * [[Frohburgum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Frohburg'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== G ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Gelenavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gelenau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gelenau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gerhardi Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854">Stenzel, G. A. H. (Ed.) (1854). ''Liber Fundationis Episcopatus Vratislaviensis'' (Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae, Tomus XIV, Registrum Legniciense). Max & Comp.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gersdorf'')</small> * [[Geringswalda]]<ref name="Bernhardi 1777">Bernhardi, G. A. (1777). ''Beytrag zu einer Geschichte des Städtlein Geringswalda, und besonders des ehemals dabey gelegenen St. Marien-Klosters, Benedictiner-Ordens''. Johann Gottfried Müller.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Geringswalde''; colloquialiter ''Dessch'')</small> * [[Geyera]]<ref name="">Müller, J. B. (1710). ''Geographia Universalis, ex recentissimis observationibus ad usum iuventutis historicae''. Typis Johannis Henrici Schmidii.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Geyer'')</small> * [[Glaucha]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Glauchau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hłuchow''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Glauche'')</small> * [[Gluboczkia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Glaubitz'')</small> * [[Godavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Göda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hodźij'')</small> * [[Gorcha]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Horka''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hórka'' seu ''Dołha Hórka''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hurke'')</small> * [[Gorisium]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gohrisch'')</small> * [[Gorlicium Germaniae]]<ref name="UL 1684">Universitas Lipsiensis (1684). ''Acta Eruditorum anno MDCLXXXIV publicata''. Lipsiae: Grossium & Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Görlitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Zhorjelc''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Gerlz'' seu ''Gerltz'' seu ''Gerltsch'')</small> * [[Gornavia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornau/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Gornau/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Gottleubia-Mons Gieshubelus]]<ref name="Sehling 1902">Sehling, E. (1902). ''Die evangelischen Kirchenordnungen des XVI. Jahrhunderts. Band I: Sachsen (De parochia et inspectione Gottleubiae)''. Lipsiae: O. R. Reisland.</ref><ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel'')</small> * [[Groditium]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Gröditz'')</small> * [[Groisca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Groitzsch'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== H ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Haganoa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großenhain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Hojn'')</small> * [[Hartensteinium (Saxonia)|Hartensteinium]]<ref>[https://www.google.de/books/edition/Thesaurus_iuris_feudalis/iCpXAAAAcAAJ?hl=de&gbpv=1&dq=hartensteinium+saxoniae&pg=RA2-PA898&printsec=frontcover De nomine proprio Latino ''Hartensteinium'' (Theodisce ''Hartenstein'') vide ''Thesaurum iuris feudalis'', tom. I, Francofurti ad Moenum 1750, p. 898.]</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartenstein'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa (apud Chemnicium)|Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa-Diviteava]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau'')</small> * [[Hartmanni Villa prope Montem Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hartmannsdorf bei Kirchberg'' seu ''Hartmannsdorf bei Saupersdorf'')</small> * [[Heidenrici Villa]]<ref name="Wutke XX 1900">Wutke, K. (Ed.) (1900). ''Codex Diplomaticus Silesiae: Regesten zur schlesischen Geschichte'' (Vol. 20). E. Woulfarth's Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heidersdorf'')</small> * [[Heini Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Heinsdorfergrund'')</small> * [[Henrici Villa]]<ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrhennersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Suche Hendrichecy'')</small> * [[Hermanni Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hermsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Hermsdorf/Erzgebirge'' seu ''Hermsdorf bei Frauenstein'')</small> * [[Hoyerswerda]]<ref name="UL 1734">Universitas Lipsiensis (1734). ''Solemnia Magistrorum Philosophiae et Artium: Ex recensione academiae''. Typis Langenhemiis.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hoyerswerda''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wojerecy''; colloquialiter ''Hoywoj'' seu ''Hoywoy'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== I ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Iabloncza]]<ref name="CDLS">Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris I: Regesten der Urkunden Kaiser Karls IV. (1346–1378). [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicii]]: Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gablenz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jabłońc'')</small> * [[Ibenstoka]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Eibenstock'')</small> * [[Indago Baltgeri]]<ref name="SS 1296">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1296). ''Urkunden und Grenzabgrenzungen des Ritterguts Belgershain im Erbamt Grimma (Indago Baltgeri)''. Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Belgershain'')</small> * [[Ioannis Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Jahnsdorf/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Ioanno-Georgiopolis]]<ref name="UL 1684"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Johanngeorgenstadt'')</small> * [[Ionis Villa]]<ref name="Jecht 1915">Jecht, R. (Ed.) (1915). ''Codex Diplomaticus Lusatiae Superioris IV: Sammlung der Urkunden für die Geschichte der Oberlausitz'' (Band 4, Regesten der Dörfer unter dem Oybin). Oberlausitzische Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jonsdorf'' seu ''Kurort Jonsdorf'')</small> * [[Iordanis Villa]]<ref name="Ermisch VI 1879">Ermisch, H. (Ed.) (1879). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 6. Urkundenbuch der Stadt Chemnitz und ihrer Klöster''. Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Gornsdorf'')</small> * [[Iustusburgum]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Jöhstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== K ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Kiczer]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kitzscher'')</small> * [[Klingenberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Klingenberg'')</small> * [[Kotmarus (commune)|Kotmarus]]<ref name="Kirchmaier 1698">Kirchmaier, G. C. (1698). ''De fontibus fluminum Sprae et Albis: tractatus historico-geographicus in quo de eorum originibus in montibus Lusatiae agitur''. Vitebergae: Typis Christiani Schrödteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kottmar''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kotmar'')</small> * [[Kruschvicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Krauschwitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Krušwica'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== L ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Lambertisilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lampertswalde'')</small> * [[Lapis Regis (Helvetia Saxonica)|Lapis Regis]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königstein'' seu ''Königstein/Sächs. Schw.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowc'')</small> * [[Lauta (Saxonia)|Lauta]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lauta''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łuty'')</small> * [[Lawalda]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lawalde''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěwałd'')</small> * [[Leisnicium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leisnig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnik'')</small> * [[Lesnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lößnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lěsnica'')</small> * [[Leubasivilla (Saxonia)|Leubasivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga (Circulus terrae Budissinensis)|Lichtenberga]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Budissinensis|Circulo terrae Budissinensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref name="Graesse">Theodisce ''Landkreis Bautzen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swětła'')</small> * [[Lichtenberga ad Montes Metalliferos]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenberg/Erzgeb.'' seu ''Lichtenberg/Erzgebirge'')</small> * [[Limbachium-Frohnavia]]<ref name="Ludovici 1723">Ludovici, J. F. (1723). ''Volumen scriptorum clientelarium et feudalium Marchiae Misnicae''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Officina Rengeriana.</ref><ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach-Oberfrohna'')</small> * [[Limosorivulus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lipschutza]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Liebschützberg'')</small> * [[Lipsia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leipzig''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lipsk''; [[Thuringico-Altosaxonice]] ''Leibzsch'')</small> * [[Liubanici Urbs]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Löbnitz'')</small> * [[Lobavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Löbau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lubij''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Liebe'')</small> * [[Lomena (Saxonia)|Lomena]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohmen'')</small> * [[Longalborivulus]]<ref>Hoc commune in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]] Saxoniae situm ortum est cum antiqua communia Longorivulus (Theodisce ''Langenbach''), Alborivulus (Theodisce ''Weißbach'') et, postea, Slema (Theodisce ''Schlema'') [[1 Ianuarii|Kalendis Ianuariis]] anni [[1996]] coniuncta sint. Latino de toponymo "Longorivulus", vide: Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri; et Latino de toponymo "Alborivulus", vide: Weiß, C. H. (1721). ''De scriptoribus historiae Saxonicae seculi XVII schediasma literarium''. Lipsiae: Apud Jo. Christianum Martinum. Quia hodiernum novi communis nomen Theodiscum, ''Langenweißbach'', nominum ''Langenbach'' et ''Weißbach'' [[verbum amalgamatum|vocabulum amalgamatum]] est, nomen "Longalborivulus" novo communi ex antiquiis nominibus "Longorivulus" et "Alborivulus" amalgamare possumus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenweißbach'')</small> * [[Longobernardivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Langenbernsdorf'')</small> * [[Longocampus (Saxonia)|Longocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lengenfeld'')</small> * [[Losavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lohsa''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łaz'')</small> * [[Lossavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lossatal'')</small> * [[Luciabies]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtentanne'')</small> * [[Lucipetra]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenstein/Sa.'' seu ''Lichtenstein/Sachsen'')</small> * [[Lucipratum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lichtenau'')</small> * [[Luga (Saxonia)|Luga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Lugau'')</small> * [[Lunzenavia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lunzenau'')</small> * [[Lusicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Laußig'')</small> * [[Lusnicia]]<ref name="Schmid 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Laußnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Łužnica'')</small> * [[Lutgerivilla]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Leutersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Lutarjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Leckerschdurf'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== M ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Machern]] * [[Magna Alberti Villa]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großolbersdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Dubena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Groß Düben''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dźěwin'')</small> * [[Magna Harthavia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657">Carpzov, B. (1657). ''Decisiones Illustres Saxonicae: In quibus arduae et graves quaestiones in foro Saxonico'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Haeredum Schurerianorum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großharthau''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hoarde'')</small> * [[Magna Hartmanni Villa]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großhartmannsdorf'')</small> * [[Magna Nova Villa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großnaundorf'')</small> * [[Magna Postvicia]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpostwitz'' seu ''Großpostwitz/O.L.''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Budestecy'')</small> * [[Magna Pulchra Prata]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschönau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulki Šunow''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Grußschiene'')</small> * [[Magna Ruedigersdorfia]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großröhrsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wulke Rědorjecy''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Rihrschdurf'' seu ''Gaage'')</small> * [[Magna Schirma]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Großschirma'')</small> * [[Magna Swidnica]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großschweidnitz''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Swóńca'' seu ''Swidnica'' seu ''Swódnica''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schweenz'')</small> * [[Magna Wizschena]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großweitzschen'')</small> * [[Malschwitz]] * [[Marienberg (Saxe)|Marienberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Markersdorf (Saxe)|Markersdorf]] * [[Markkleeberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Markneukirchen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Markranstädt]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Meerane]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Meißen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mildenau]] * [[Mittelherwigsdorf]] * [[Mittweida]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mochau]] * [[Mockrehna]] * [[Molendinorum Vallis (Saxonia)|Molendinorum Vallis]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Mühlental'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Saxonia)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Stenzel XIV 1854"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Picae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Elsterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Praetorianus]]<ref name="Mencken 1728">Mencken, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. [[Lipsia]]e: E. Martini; et: Mencken, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Tomus I). Lipsiae: Ioannes Christianus Martinus.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amtsberg'')</small> * [[Montes (Saxonia)|Montes]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bergen'')</small> * [[Moritzburg (Saxe)|Moritzburg]] * [[Mücka]] * [[Mügeln]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Müglitztal]] * [[Mühlau (Saxe)|Mühlau]] * [[Mühltroff]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mulda/Sa.]] * [[Muldenhammer]] * [[Mülsen]] * [[Muscavia]]<ref name="UW 1685">Universität Wittenberg (1685). ''Album Academiae Vitebergensis: Tituli, inscriptiones et matriculae studiosorum (Johannes Henricus Cuntze, Muscavia-Lusatus)''. Ex officina typographica.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Muskau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Mužakow'')</small> * [[Mutzschen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Mylau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> {{div col end}} ==== N ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Narsdorf]] * [[Naundorf (Saxe)|Naundorf]] * [[Naunhof]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Nauwalde]] * [[Nebelschütz]] * [[Neißeaue]] * [[Neovilla Germanica]]<ref name="Müller 1715">Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Deutschneudorf'')</small> * [[Nerchau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Neschwitz]] * [[Netzschkau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Neuensalz]] * [[Neuhausen/Erzgeb.]] * [[Neukieritzsch]] * [[Neukirch (bei Königsbrück)|Neukirch]] (bei Königsbrück) * [[Neukirch (Lusace)|Neukirch]] (Lusace) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Neungirch'')</small> * [[Neukirchen/Erzgeb.]] * [[Neukirchen/Pleiße]] * [[Neukyhna]] * [[Neumark (Saxe)|Neumark]] * [[Neusalza-Spremberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Neustadt in Sachsen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Neustadt/Vogtl.]] * [[Niederau]] * [[Niederdorf (Saxe)|Niederdorf]] * [[Niederfrohna]] * [[Niederstriegis]] * [[Niederwiesa]] * [[Niederwürschnitz]] * [[Niesky]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Nossen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Novale Dominae]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Fraureuth'')</small> * [[Nünchritz]] {{div col end}} ==== O ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Obergurig]] * [[Oberlungwitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oberschöna]] * [[Oberwiera]] * [[Oberwiesenthal]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oderwitz]] * [[Oederan]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oelsnitz/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oelsnitz/Vogtl.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Ohorn]] * [[Olbernhau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oppach]] <small>([[Theodisce]] '''' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Uppch'')</small> * [[Oschatz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Oßling]] * [[Ostrau (Saxe)|Ostrau]] * [[Ostritz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Ottendorf-Okrilla]] * [[Otterwisch]] * [[Owa-Palus Slemensis]]<ref name="">Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Naumburg (1999). ''Regesta et diplomata episcopatus Naumburgensis (1207-1304)''. (Ed. ab H. J. Kirsch). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Böhlau Verlag.</ref><ref name="Mencken 1730">Mencken, J. B. (1730). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. Lipsiae: E. Martini.</ref> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Aue-Bad Schlema'')</small> * [[Oybin]] {{div col end}} ==== P ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Palus Regia]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bad Lausick'')</small> * [[Panschwitz-Kuckau]] * [[Parthenstein]] * [[Parvum Nemus Lusaticum]]<ref name="Jecht 1896"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Hähnichen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Wosečk''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hahnchn'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Misnicum]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainichen'')</small> * [[Parvum Nemus Silvae]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hainewalde''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Heenewaale'')</small> * [[Passini]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großpösna'')</small> * [[Pausa (Saxe)|Pausa]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Pegau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Penig]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Petra Ursi (Saxonia)|Petra Ursi]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bärenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffroda]] * [[Pirna (urbs)|Pirna]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Plauen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Pobershau]] * [[Pockau-Lengefeld]] * [[Pöhl]] * [[Pons Regularis]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Halsbrücke'')</small> * [[Porschdorf]] * [[Pratum Alnorum]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Erlau'')</small> * [[Pratum Capreoli]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bockau''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Bucke'')</small> * [[Priestewitz]] * [[Pulsnitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Bolzns'')</small> * [[Puschwitz]] {{div col end}} ==== Q ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Quercetum (Saxonia)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior, ab Ortum Rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum Tempora''. Impensis Ioannis Friderici Gleditschii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Eichigt''; [[Varisce]] ''Maechlicht'' seu ''Machlich)'')</small> * [[Quitzdorf am See]] {{div col end}} ==== R ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Rabenau (Saxe)|Rabenau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Räckelwitz]] * [[Rackwitz]] * [[Radeberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Radebeul]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Radeburg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Radibor]] * [[Ralbitz-Rosenthal]] * [[Rammenau]] * [[Raschau-Markersbach]] * [[Rathen]] * [[Rathmannsdorf]] * [[Rechenberg-Bienenmühle]] * [[Regiocampus (Saxonia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Regiopontum]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652">Calixtus, G. (1652). ''Historia de haeresibus et schismatibus variis eorumque confutationibus''. Helmaestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königsbrück''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kinspork'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Circulus terrae Gorliciensis)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Gorliciensis|Circulo terrae Gorliciensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Gorliciensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Görlitz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Gorliciensis-e" ad [[Gorlicium Germaniae|Gorlicium]] refertur. Quod de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Kralowski haj'')</small> * [[Regiosilva (Montes Metalliferi)|Regiosilva]]<ref name="Lehmann">Lehmann, C. (1699). ''Historia historico-geographica de limitibus et mirabilibus montium metalliferorum Saxonicorum''. Dresdae: Typis Baumannianis.</ref> <small>(in [[Montes Metalliferi (circulus)|Circulo Montium Metalliferorum]]<ref name="CMM">"Nuntii Latini Bremenses", [https://www.bremenzwei.de/themen/latein-nachrichten-rueckblick-september-102.html Septembris 2024, "Pauli Praemium Atrii Artificialis Bremensis tributum"].</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Königswalde''; [[Metalliferomontane]] ''Kinnesch’wall'')</small> * [[Regiosilva-Wideravia]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/><ref name="Schmid 1705">Schmid, J. (1705). ''Dies fasti Academiae Lipsiensis, continens dissertationes et panegyricas orationes''. Lipsiae: Typis Fleischerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königshain-Wiederau'')</small> * [[Regiovarda]]<ref name="Calixtus 1652"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Königswartha''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Rakecy'')</small> * [[Regis-Breitingen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Reichenbach im Vogtland]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Reichenbach (Haute-Lusace)|Reichenbach]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> (Haute-Lusace) * [[Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna]] * [[Reinsberg (Saxe)|Reinsberg]] * [[Reinsdorf (Saxe)|Reinsdorf]] * [[Remse]] * [[Reuth (Saxe)|Reuth]] * [[Riesa]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rietschen]] * [[Rochlitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Röderaue]] * [[Rodewisch]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rosenbach]] * [[Rosenbach/Vogtl.]] * [[Rosenthal-Bielatal]] * [[Rossau (Saxe)|Rossau]] * [[Roßwein]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rötha]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rothenburg (Haute-Lusace)|Rothenburg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Rudigerivilla Arida-Theodericibachium]]<ref name="Posee 1882"/><ref name="Gersdorf 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach'')</small> * [[Rueckerswalda Magna]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Großrückerswalde'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== S ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Sayda]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Scheibenberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schirgiswalde-Kirschau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schirgswaale-Kirsche'')</small> * [[Schkeuditz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schleife (Saxe)|Schleife]] * [[Schlettau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schmiedeberg (Saxe)|Schmiedeberg]] * [[Schmölln-Putzkau]] * [[Schneeberg (Saxe)|Schneeberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schönau-Berzdorf]] * [[Schönbach (Saxe)|Schönbach]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Schimmch'')</small> * [[Schönberg (Saxe)|Schönberg]] * [[Schöneck/Vogtl.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schönfeld (Saxe)|Schönfeld]] * [[Schönheide]] * [[Schönteichen]] * [[Schönwölkau]] * [[Schöpstal]] * [[Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Schwepnitz]] * [[Sebnitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Securiferi Roturatio]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Beilrode'')</small> * [[Seelitz]] * [[Sehmatal]] * [[Seiffen/Erzgeb.]] * [[Seifhennersdorf]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Hennerschdurf'')</small> * [[Silva Hartha]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Hartha'')</small> * [[Sitavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Zittau'' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žitawa''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Sitte'')</small> * [[Sohland an der Spree]] * [[Sohland am Rotstein]] * [[Sornzig-Ablaß]] * [[Sosa (Saxe)|Sosa]] * [[Spreetal]] * [[Stadt Wehlen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Stauchitz]] * [[St. Egidien]] * [[Steina]] * [[Steinberg (Saxe)|Steinberg]] * [[Steinigtwolmsdorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] '''' et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''''; [[Supralusatice]] ''Wunnsdurf'' seu ''Wumpe'' seu ''Steenigwupte'')</small> * [[Stollberg/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Stolpen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Strahwalde]] * [[Strehla]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Striegistal]] * [[Struppen]] * [[Stützengrün]] {{div col end}} ==== T ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Tannenberg (Sachsen)|Tannenberg]] * [[Taucha]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Taura]] * [[Tauscha]] * [[Thalheim/Erzgeb.]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thallwitz]] * [[Tharandt]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thermalbad Wiesenbad]] * [[Theuma]] * [[Thiendorf]] * [[Thum]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Thümmlitzwalde]] * [[Tirpersdorf]] * [[Tollanum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dahlen''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Dolan'')</small> * [[Torgau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Trebendorf]] * [[Trebnicia Elstri]]<ref name="Friedrich 1904">Friedrich, G. (Ed.) (1904). ''Codex Diplomaticus et Epistolaris Regni Bohemiae'' (Vol. 1). Sumptibus Comitiorum Regni Bohemiae.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Elstertrebnitz'')</small> * [[Trebsen/Mulde]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Treuen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Triebel/Vogtl.]] * [[Triebischtal]] * [[Trimurica]]<ref name="Posse 1883"/><ref name="Hanspach 2014">Hanspach, D. (2024). ''Silva, nemus, merica, forestum: Die ältesten schriftlichen Wald- und Heidebelege im Lehnbuch Friedrich des Strengen''. In ''Arbeits- und Forschungsberichte zur sächsischen Bodendenkmalpflege'' (Band 32). Dresdae: Landesamt für Archäologie Sachsen.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dreiheide'')</small> * [[Trossin]] {{div col end}} ==== V ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Vallis Ignominiosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Schandau''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Žandow'')</small> * [[Vallis Kobilizensis]]<ref name="">Ernst, J. (Ed.) (1968). ''Formulae Merovingici et Karolini Aevi'' (Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio V). [[Hannovera]]e: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Käbschütztal'')</small> * [[Vallis Libera]]<ref name="Moser 1780"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Freital'')</small> * [[Vallis Lutosa]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahretal'')</small> * [[Vallis Sonorosa]]<ref name="Mencken 1730"/> <small>(urbs magna [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo]] subiecta)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Klingenthal'' seu ''Klingenthal/Sa.''; [[Varisce]] ''Klingedool'')</small> * [[Villa Bavari]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Beiersdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bejerecy'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis)|Villa Bernardi]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis|Circulo terrae Zviccaviensi]]<ref name="CTZ">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Zviccaviensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Zwickau'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cygnea]]m" -ad quod gentilicium "Zviccaviensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}. Quo de gentilicio, confer "[[Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium|Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium]]", anno [[1348]] scriptum.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bernardi (Lusatia Superior)|Villa Bernardi]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[urbs]])</small> (in [[Lusatia superior|Lusatia Superior]]e) <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bernsdorf''; [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Njedźichow'')</small> * [[Villa Bertholdi Montana]]<ref name="Prochno 1939">Prochno, J. (1939). ''Zittauer Urkundenbuch, Band 1: Regesten zur Geschichte der Stadt und des Landes Zittau 1234–1437''. [[Sitavia]]e: Mitteilungen del Zittauer Geschichts- und Museumsvereins.</ref><ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Bertsdorf-Hörnitz'')</small> * [[Villa Boni]]<ref name="Mencken 1728"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bennewitz'')</small> * [[Villa Chemnitzia]]<ref name="Buddeus 1704">Buddeus, J. F. (1704). ''Historia iuris naturalis, seculi iussu et auctoritate potissimum Samuelis Pufendorfii restituti''. Halae Magdeburgicae: Typis et impensis Ioannis Friderici Zeitleri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfchemnitz'' seu ''Dorfchemnitz bei Sayda'')</small> * [[Villa Ernfridi]]<ref name="SS 1490">Sächsisches Staatsarchiv (1490). ''Ältere Urkunden: Andreas Trapp, Verweser des Altars Johannes’ des Täufers in der Pfarrkirche Ehrenfriedersdorf (Ernfridißdorff)''. Sächsisches Staatsarchiv.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ehrenfriedersdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Indaginis]]<ref name="Posse 1881"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Dorfhain'')</small> * [[Villa Panis]]<ref name="Mencken 1730"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bannewitz'')</small> * [[Viridifluxus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünbach''; [[Varisce]] ''Grieboch'')</small> * [[Viridis Lucus-Bavaricum Feldum]]<ref name="Carpzov 1657"/><ref name="Ermisch 1864">Ermisch, H. (Ed.). (1864). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil II, Band 1. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen und Landgrafen von Thüringen''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> <small>([[urbs]])</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Grünhain-Beierfeld'')</small> * [[Viridulum Nemus]]<ref name="Ermisch 1864"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Linguae Sorabicae|Suprasorabice]] ''Grünhainichen'')</small> {{div col end}} ==== W ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Wachau (Saxe)|Wachau]] * [[Waldenbourg (Saxe)|Waldenbourg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldheim]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Waldhufen-Vierkirchen]] * [[Wechselburg]] * [[Weinböhla]] * [[Weischlitz]] * [[Weißenberg]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Weißenborn/Erzgeb.]] * [[Weißig am Raschütz]] * [[Weißkeißel]] * [[Weißwasser]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Werda]] * [[Werdau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wermsdorf]] * [[Wiedemar]] * [[Wiednitz]] * [[Wildenfels]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wildenhain]] * [[Wilkau-Haßlau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilsdruff]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wilthen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wittichenau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wolkenstein (Saxe)|Wolkenstein]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Wülknitz]] * [[Wurzen]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> {{div col end}} ==== Z ==== {{div col|3}} * [[Zabeltitz]] * [[Zeithain]] * [[Zettlitz]] * [[Ziegra-Knobelsdorf]] * [[Zinna]] * [[Zöblitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschadraß]] * [[Zschaitz-Ottewig]] * [[Zschepplin]] * [[Zschopau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zschorlau]] * [[Zwenkau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwickau]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwochau]] * [[Zwönitz]] <small>([[urbs]])</small> * [[Zwota]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Urbes Saxoniae]] 7fyu3a1b5zg7nu4cjyw16r6zfsh2u7x 10 325661 3965704 3965482 2026-06-20T01:52:58Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Substitutio signata|subst:substitutio signata]]}} 3965704 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{safesubst:<noinclude />#ifeq:{{{propositum|}}}|exhibitio|/|{{safesubst:<noinclude />Ifsubst|/}}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#ifexist:{{{1}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />Substitutio signata | 1 = Usores in colloquio | 2 = {{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params| entering_substack| with_name_matching|^additur%s*%d+$| renaming_by_replacing|%s|| renaming_by_mixing|$@| leaving_substack| with_name_matching|1|strict|or|2|strict| trimming_values| combining_by_magic|#lsth|tmp| mapping_by_replacing|[<>]|| mapping_by_replacing|.-%[%[Us[oe]r:([^{{safesubst:<noinclude />!}}%[%]]+)[^%[%]]*%]%]|<%1>| with_value_matching|<|plain| mapping_by_replacing|>[^<].*$|| mapping_by_replacing|^<|| reinterpreting|tmp|trim_all|splitter_string|><|setter_string|| renaming_by_mixing|$@| discarding|{{safesubst:<noinclude />REVISIONUSER}}| flushing| discarding|| remembering|entering_substack| with_name_matching|^excluditur%s*%d+$| renaming_by_replacing|%s|| renaming_by_mixing|$@| detaching_substack| dropping_substack| renaming_to_sequence|naturally| setting|i/l/s|, | et |, et | sequential| for_each|{{{praefixum|}}}[[Usor:$@|$@]]}} }} | {{Error|Error: Nomen capituli abest.}} }} | {{Error|Error: Pagina disputationis abest.}} }} | {{Error|Error: Haec formula semper substituenda est—scribe <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:uc|...}}</syntaxhighlight>.}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio|Formula:Usor/doc}}</noinclude> 6cytbmetl6qtpqb5cedsa0a4kcjx6pr 0 325687 3965598 2026-06-19T12:30:10Z Andries Van den Abeele 19499 Paginam instituit, scribens ''''Château Poséidon''', etiam notum nomine<nowiki>'''Château de la Borde'''</nowiki> , est [[château]] in [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]] saeculo XIX aedificatum et situm in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]], in departimento Indre in regione [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Baze...' 3965598 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Château Poséidon''', etiam notum nomine<nowiki>'''Château de la Borde'''</nowiki> , est [[château]] in [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]] saeculo XIX aedificatum et situm in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]], in departimento Indre in regione [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. === Series Dominorum === Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede [[Laiterie de Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel|lactariae et caseificii]]<nowiki><ref group=N>Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum </nowiki>[[Coulommiers (caseus)|Coulommiers]] apparet [https://www.letyrosemiophile.com/departements/INDRE/36-Varennes.htm Historia interretialis loci caseificii].</ref>. Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. === Series Dominorum === Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede [[Laiterie de Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel|lactariae et caseificii]]<ref>Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" fabricavit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit'. Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum [[Coulommiers (caseus)|Coulommiers]] apparet [https://www.letyrosemiophile.com/departements/INDRE/36-Varennes.htm Historia interretialis loci caseificii].</ref>. Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato in Castro Francorum anno MDCCCLX, Parisiis anno MCMXLV mortuo), qui in commercio acethiae Martiniquensis divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thoma Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === # Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. === Références === # {{Fontes|group=N}} 2st34g44z98jetbg5qv5ireotslcyii 3965599 3965598 2026-06-19T12:31:00Z Andries Van den Abeele 19499 3965599 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Château Poséidon''', etiam notum nomine<nowiki>'''Château de la Borde'''</nowiki> , est [[château]] in [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]] saeculo XIX aedificatum et situm in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]], in departimento Indre in regione [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. === Series Dominorum === Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede [[Laiterie de Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel|lactariae et caseificii]]<nowiki><ref group=N>Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum </nowiki>[[Coulommiers (caseus)|Coulommiers]] apparet [https://www.letyrosemiophile.com/departements/INDRE/36-Varennes.htm Historia interretialis loci caseificii].</ref>. Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. === Series Dominorum === Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede [[Laiterie de Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel|lactariae et caseificii]]<ref>Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" fabricavit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit'. Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum [[Coulommiers (caseus)|Coulommiers]] apparet [https://www.letyrosemiophile.com/departements/INDRE/36-Varennes.htm Historia interretialis loci caseificii].</ref>. Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato in Castro Francorum anno MDCCCLX, Parisiis anno MCMXLV mortuo), qui in commercio acethiae Martiniquensis divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thoma Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. === Références === # {{Fontes|group=N}} gw8ekjklxdqf77m7uk8ms3guzqjrr9c 3965600 3965599 2026-06-19T12:41:19Z Andries Van den Abeele 19499 3965600 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Château Poséidon''', etiam notum nomine<nowiki>'''Château de la Borde'''</nowiki> , est [[château]] in [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]] saeculo XIX aedificatum et situm in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]], in departimento Indre in regione [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. [[File:Château Poseidon.jpg.thumb]] == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. ===Series Dominorum=== Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede [[Laiterie de Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel|lactariae et caseificii]]<nowiki><ref group=N>Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum </nowiki>[[Coulommiers (caseus)|Coulommiers]] apparet [https://www.letyrosemiophile.com/departements/INDRE/36-Varennes.htm Historia interretialis loci caseificii].</ref>. Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. === Series Dominorum === Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede [[Laiterie de Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel|lactariae et caseificii]]<ref>Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" fabricavit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit'. Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum [[Coulommiers (caseus)|Coulommiers]] apparet [https://www.letyrosemiophile.com/departements/INDRE/36-Varennes.htm Historia interretialis loci caseificii].</ref>. Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato in Castro Francorum anno MDCCCLX, Parisiis anno MCMXLV mortuo), qui in commercio acethiae Martiniquensis divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thoma Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. === Références === # {{Fontes|group=N}} 3vpos8ma4zz1nhlmasa94es8rrnryc8 3965601 3965600 2026-06-19T12:55:55Z Andries Van den Abeele 19499 3965601 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Château Poséidon''', etiam notum nomine<nowiki>'''Château de la Borde'''</nowiki> , est [[château]] in [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]] saeculo XIX aedificatum et situm in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]], in departimento Indre in regione [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. [[File:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Castellum Poseidon]] == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. ===Series Dominorum=== Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede [[Laiterie de Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel|lactariae et caseificii]]<nowiki><ref group=N>Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum </nowiki>[[Coulommiers (caseus)|Coulommiers]] apparet [https://www.letyrosemiophile.com/departements/INDRE/36-Varennes.htm Historia interretialis loci caseificii].</ref>. Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. === Series Dominorum === Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede [[Laiterie de Saint-Denis-de-l'Hôtel|lactariae et caseificii]]<ref>Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" fabricavit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit'. Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum [[Coulommiers (caseus)|Coulommiers]] apparet [https://www.letyrosemiophile.com/departements/INDRE/36-Varennes.htm Historia interretialis loci caseificii].</ref>. Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato in Castro Francorum anno MDCCCLX, Parisiis anno MCMXLV mortuo), qui in commercio acethiae Martiniquensis divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thoma Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. === Références === # {{Fontes|group=N}} 5qrvnt28h9f9lx1o021wgvo63dew0c1 3965602 3965601 2026-06-19T13:18:12Z Andries Van den Abeele 19499 3965602 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Château Poséidon''', etiam notum nomine<nowiki>'''Château de la Borde'''</nowiki> , est [[château]] in [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]] saeculo XIX aedificatum et situm in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]], in departimento Indre in regione [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. [[File:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Castellum Poseidon]] == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. === Références === # {{Fontes|group=N}} j931ppyqjoccrn6k96mf0bx1wjpso42 3965612 3965602 2026-06-19T13:57:24Z IacobusAmor 1163 Vicificanda &c. 3965612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] '''Castellum Posidonis''' ([[Francogallice ''Château Poséidon'' et ''Château de la Borde'') est [[castellum]] [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in departimento [[Indre]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. ==Références{{dubsig}}== # {{Fontes|group=N}}{{dubcat}}{{nexus absunt}} 40gt7o3spt8wedc2kav2u5hx0ad0mhb 3965613 3965612 2026-06-19T13:57:53Z IacobusAmor 1163 3965613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] '''Castellum Posidonis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Château Poséidon'' et ''Château de la Borde'') est [[castellum]] [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in departimento [[Indre]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. ==Références{{dubsig}}== # {{Fontes|group=N}}{{dubcat}}{{nexus absunt}} b4xlhdj5u0up1m8uzrxmzv571brkd1k 3965614 3965613 2026-06-19T13:58:25Z IacobusAmor 1163 IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Château Poseidon]] ad [[Castellum Posidonis]]: Lemma 3965613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] '''Castellum Posidonis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Château Poséidon'' et ''Château de la Borde'') est [[castellum]] [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in departimento [[Indre]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. ==Références{{dubsig}}== # {{Fontes|group=N}}{{dubcat}}{{nexus absunt}} b4xlhdj5u0up1m8uzrxmzv571brkd1k 3965616 3965614 2026-06-19T13:58:50Z IacobusAmor 1163 3965616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] '''Castellum Posidonis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Château Poséidon'' et ''Château de la Borde'') est [[castellum]] [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in departimento [[Indre]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. ==Références{{dubsig}}== # {{Fontes|group=N}}{{dubcat}}{{nexus absunt}} oljdqiednl26o0fm9tn4pdci9re3v0e 3965626 3965616 2026-06-19T14:36:00Z Andries Van den Abeele 19499 /* Références{{dubsig}} */ 3965626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] '''Castellum Posidonis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Château Poséidon'' et ''Château de la Borde'') est [[castellum]] [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in departimento [[Indre]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. ==Fontes== # {{Fontes|group=N}}{{dubcat}}{{nexus absunt}} 5kdoe5iliinfz7mixidokayodu0kbfs 3965627 3965626 2026-06-19T14:36:25Z Andries Van den Abeele 19499 /* Fontes */ 3965627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] '''Castellum Posidonis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Château Poséidon'' et ''Château de la Borde'') est [[castellum]] [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in departimento [[Indre]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. ==Fontes== 8gkrcm8vr5vbn7i243w8fro43zwut8d 3965628 3965627 2026-06-19T14:37:52Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Castella]] 3965628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] '''Castellum Posidonis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Château Poséidon'' et ''Château de la Borde'') est [[castellum]] [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in departimento [[Indre]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. ==Fontes== [[Categoria:Castella]] sp856ncnubu3ay6agojs51eggz6q2lo 3965629 3965628 2026-06-19T14:38:09Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Aedificia Franciae]] 3965629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] '''Castellum Posidonis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Château Poséidon'' et ''Château de la Borde'') est [[castellum]] [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in departimento [[Indre]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. ==Fontes== [[Categoria:Castella]] [[Categoria:Aedificia Franciae]] 3reqt1f6evgjyuwg0uqedu4as0gb2nj 3965630 3965629 2026-06-19T14:38:32Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Confecta saeculo 19]] 3965630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] '''Castellum Posidonis''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Château Poséidon'' et ''Château de la Borde'') est [[castellum]] [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in departimento [[Indre]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. ==Fontes== [[Categoria:Castella]] [[Categoria:Aedificia Franciae]] [[Categoria:Confecta saeculo 19]] qgdkqdo77jar52e72txb77ft9qmbwsh 3965631 3965630 2026-06-19T14:46:07Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3965631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] '''Castellum Posidonis'''{{FD ref}} ([[Francogallice]]''Château de la Borde'' et ab anno [[2025]] ''Château Poséidon'') est [[castellum]] [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in departimento [[Indre]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === <references /> 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Castella]] [[Categoria:Aedificia Franciae]] [[Categoria:Confecta saeculo 19]] bckx1nnrndi5yyll50m6g6wz56ca7so 3965632 3965631 2026-06-19T14:47:18Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Inger (praefectura Franciae)]] 3965632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] '''Castellum Posidonis'''{{FD ref}} ([[Francogallice]]''Château de la Borde'' et ab anno [[2025]] ''Château Poséidon'') est [[castellum]] [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in departimento [[Indre]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centre-Val de Loire]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === <references /> 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Castella]] [[Categoria:Aedificia Franciae]] [[Categoria:Confecta saeculo 19]] [[Categoria:Inger (praefectura Franciae)]] 1cx71x1hpy5gexmxn6v34n61yggtfa6 3965634 3965632 2026-06-19T14:49:02Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3965634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} [[Fasciculus:Postcard of the North Facade.jpg|thumb|Facies septentrionalis Castelli Posidonis.]] '''Castellum Posidonis'''{{FD ref}} ([[Francogallice]]''Château de la Borde'' et ab anno [[2025]] ''Château Poséidon'') est [[castellum]] [[stilo Neo-Renaissance]]{{dubsig}} [[saeculum 19| saeculo undevicensimo]] aedificatum et in communitate [[Val-Fouzon]] situm, in praefectura [[Inger (praefectura Franciae)|Ingeris]] in [[regio]]ne [[Centrum et Vallis Ligeris|Centro et Valle Ligeris]]. Est proprietas privata. == Situs == Castrum situm est in vico La Borde, in communa Varennes-sur-Fouzon, quae est communa delegata intra novam communam Vallis-Fouzonis, in cantone Sancti Christophori in Bazella departimenti Indrae. Praedium situm est in fine longi aditus, qui a compitu viae RD4, versus Chabris, devertit. Paulo infra, ex altera parte viae, est lactarium Varennense. == Historia == === Origines === Castrum aedificatum est inter 1860 et 1865, secundum descriptiones ab architecto [[Alfred Dauvergne]] factas<ref>[https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/loiret/orleans/centre-Val-de-Loire-5-chateaux-en-ruine-sauves-par-un-travail-de-restauration-acharne-3296277.html Centre-Val de Loire: 5 ruined castles saved by relentless restoration work], 29 Martii 2026.</ref> per [[Secundum Imperium]], tempore prosperitatis agrariae et industrialis pro pago Indrensi, qui [[ferrovia]] ab 1847 serviebatur. Aedificatio demolitionem villae munitae secuta est, cuius turris solitaria paucis passibus ante aedificium hodiernum manet. Plerique alii partes huius villae evanuerunt. Rudera ex demolitu huius aedificii primi adhibita sunt ad fundamenta et basim novi castri. === Familia Boullet === Ludovicus Gustavus Boullet ([[Valençay]], (7 August 1814 –date 3 March 1867) <ref>Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal collector et mercator.</ref> et uxor eius Gabrielle Picot d'Agard (1826–1905) Castellum de Laborde aedificari curaverunt et primi in eo habitaverunt. Fuit ex familia agricolarum et mercatorum<ref>In nuptiis eius testes erant: pro eo, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; pro uxore eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus eius, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus eius.</ref>. Coniuges tres liberos habuerunt: Henricum Augustinum Ludovicum Boullet (1847–1907)<ref>Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC fuit, habitans in 'Château Neuf' in Graves ([[Léognan]]) et in 'Château de la Borde-Varennes' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t5844723p/f1013.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|1007}}, ''Gallica''.</ref>, Gabrielle Boullet (1851–1923) et Gustave Boullet (1863–1884). Ludovicus Boullet praedium Laborde a matre mortua hereditate accepit; uxorem duxit Leoniam Mariam Ludovicam Conilh de Beyssac (1858–1934), et tres liberos habuerunt: Martam Paillet-Boullet (1886–1963), Petrus Boullet (1889–1956) et Eugenius Boullet (1890–1940)<ref>Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres eius liberi in indice 'Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI referuntur [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96264929/f277.image.r=boullet Online], {{p.|163}}.</ref>. == Series Dominorum == Anno MCMXXV, castellum a familia Boullet venditum est Iacobo Borel (nato Fort-de-France anno MDCCCLX, mortuo Lutetiae anno MCMXLV), qui in commercio rumi [[Martinique rum|Martiniquensis]] divitias fecerat. Videtur eum castrum filio suo, Marie Joseph Jacques Borel (Pointe-à-Pitre 1896 – Lutetia 1970), qui, postquam Iohannam Agoin in matrimonium duxit, ibi habitare coepit, emisse; eorum filius, Jacques Marie Lionel Borel (Varennes-sur-Fouzon, 1927 – Jouy 2011), ibi natus est. Inter duas bellas mundanas, castellum adhibitum esse videtur pro sede lactariae et caseificii interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: 'Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum "Je suis de France" produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit. Ibi lactarium suum casearium instituit.' Imago Castelli de la Borde in operculis capsarum Coulommiers apparet Historia interretialis loci caseificii. Villa a Petro Boullet et uxore eius et consobrina, Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac (1885–1973), occupata est<ref>Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918).</ref>. Petrus et Margarita in castrum inter annos MCMXV et MCMXXV commigraverunt<ref>Census anni MCMXXVI ad relationem XII, 'castrum de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. [https://www.geneanet.org/registres/view/1217485/16 Online].</ref>, ubi familiam constituerunt<ref>Tres filiae, quarum natu maximae—geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018)—in [[Caudéran]] natae sunt. Minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), natus in [[Issac]], Mariam-Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam [[Yves Le Goüais]] (1902–1962) et Maria de [[Familia Dieuleveult|Dieuleveult]] (1911–1997). </ref>Filius eorum natu maximus, Ludovicus Boullet (1916–1997), qui postea sacerdos factus est, et filia natu minima, Iacquelina (1919–1976), in castello nati sunt. A tempore incerto usque ad annum MCMXLIX, castellum fuit dominium Eliae Granat (1889–1969), qui in [[École supérieure d'électricité]] eruditus erat, machinator et inventor, qui ob egregia merita sua ad gradum Commendatoris [[Legionis Honoris]] anno MCMLVII promotus est<ref name="Léonore-169429">[https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/169429# ex Tabulario Léonore, fasciculus 169429.</ref>. Ad honorem eius, communitas Varennes-sur-Fouzon unam ex viis suis principalibus (via comitatuum D4) nomine eius appellavit, et Granat civis honorarius anno MCMLII creatus est<ref name="Léonore-169429" />. Castrum postea factum est proprietatem "Cooperativae Agricolae et Pecuariae Beriacae", quae in inseminatio artificialis boum praecipue incumbebat. Administratio in castrum commigravit, dum exedra laboratorium continebat quod semen a tauris, in horreis custoditis, colligebat. Post paucos annos, negotia retardata sunt et tandem cessaverunt. Anno MCMLXXX, praedium a quodam Germano emptum est, qui ibi sumptuose vivebat, clientes suos spolians. Postquam decoctus nuntiatus est, iudicia curaverunt ut praedium quinque annis post in publico auctionem venderetur. Una ex victimis Castellum de la Borde acquisivit et frustra consilium cepit ut id in deversorium converteret. In 1989-1990 societas publica per tabulas limitata cum consilio administrationis et consilio inspectorio condita est, nomine 'Château de la Borde Golf and Country Club'. Socii etiam agros vicinos acquisiverunt, quibus possessione 200 ha<ref>Societas, capitali actionum {{currency|250000|FRF}}, ex Registro Societatum die 15 Novembris 2012 deleta est. [https://www.pappers.fr/entreprise/chateau-de-la-borde-golf-et-country-club-401687843].</ref>. Consilia de deversorio luxurioso exploraverunt, quod plus quam quingentis hospitibus receptaculum et campum pilamallei duodeviginti foraminum praebiturum erat. Haec consilia irrita evaserunt, quia pecuniam necessariam comparare non potuerunt. Animo fracti, domini consilium deseruerunt et praedium vendere conati sunt. Quam ob rem, castrum per circiter quadraginta annos desertum mansit. Hoc tempore, aedificium in ruinam venit et supellectilem (camini, opera ferrea, candelabra) subrepta sunt. Nihilominus, castellum satis bene munitum manebat, propter systema signorum et vigilantiam vicini attenti. Castrum anno MMXXV a duobus Quebecensibus emptum est<ref>{{Nexus interretialis|lingua=fr|auctor=Jean-Philippe Elme & Cécile Mette|titulus=Video. "Somnium quoddam verum fit": Duo Quebecenses ex Canada discedunt ut novam vitam castello quadraginta annos deserto restituant|url=https://france3-regions. franceinfo.fr/centre-val-de-loire/indre/video-un-reve-devient-realite-deux-quebecois-quittent-le-canada-pour-redonner-vie-a-un-chateau-abandonne-depuis-40-ans -3202739.html|format=html|site=franceinfo.fr|date=17 August 2025|accessed=29 March 2026}}.</ref>. Progressus in renovatione praedii in canali eius proprio YouTube spectari potest<ref>{ {Nexus interretialis |lingua=fr-FR |titulus=Château Poséidon |url=https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHNqQGGz8U320jXRNbKC_Pw<nowiki> |situs=YouTube |accessum die=29 Martii 2026}}.</nowiki></ref>. == Descriptio == Aedificium constat ex parte media et imponenti, quattuor turribus symmetricis cincta. Frontis principalis pars prominens est, turribus angularibus speculatoribus ornata. Haec facies divite ornatur modulis stringarum, pilastris, capitibus, et cornicibus magnificis in summo. Solarium fenestris tecti ad modum Renascentiae illuminatur{{sfn|Du Pouget|1999|p=25|id=du_Pouget1999}}. Sectio media et ampla per quinque tabulata patet: * cellaria, quae culinas veteres et systema calefactionis continent; * tabulatum nobile cum conclavibus sollemnibus et diaetis; * primum tabulatum, cum parva capella, necnon compluribus cubiculis cum balneis annexis; * secundum tabulatum, cum cubiculis sub tecto ministris destinatis; * solaria cum compagibus tecti ligneis. Complura cubicula fenestris vitreis coloratis ornantur, a magistro vitrario Iuliano-Leopoldo Lobin (1814–1864) vel a filio eius Luciano-Leopoldo Lobin (1837–1892) factis. Praeterea servata sunt ianua principalis, scaenae monumentalis, tabulata et ianuæ ligneae, laquearia sculpta et pavimenta lignea in multis conclavibus, picturae in parietibus conclavis venatorii, mensae focales in tabulato superiore, pavimenta lignea et tessellata, scala ministrorum, atque structurae tecti. Facies et tecta plerumque in bono statu manserunt. Arcēnum ab exploratoribus urbanis nomine {{Citation|Poseidon}} appellatur, ex sculptura quae scalam aedificii mediam ornât<ref name="Le Monde">{{Web link|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/m-perso/article/2026/01/31/ sane-insani-sumus-ut-credamus-nos-hoc-provocamentum-partim-partim-superare- posse-neo-castellani-sunt-ingeniosi-et-domini-renovationis_6664836_4497916. html|title=Castellum emere, id ipse reficere, et ibi inter ruinas habitare: 'Neochâtelains', artifices sollertiae|date=31 Ianuarii 2026|author=Catharina Rollot|accessed=2 Martii 2026|site=[[Le Monde|lemonde.fr]]}}.</ref>. Novi incolae hoc nomen sibi adsumpserunt ut se ab aliis decem circiter castellis et aedificiis commercialibus Gallicis nomine Laborde gerentibus distinguerent{{sfn|Verin|2025}}. Inceptum restitutionis comprehendit, praeter castellum, donjonem veteris castelli, domum custodis (anno MCMLX aedificatam), portam aditus et murum finis praedii, hortos et silvam {{nobr|15 hectare}}<ref name="Le Monde" /> amplam, domum dirutam in silva sitam, et vestigia archaeologica. == Restauratio == Villa mense Iulio MMXXV empta est a coniugibus Canadensibus, ambo anno MCMXC natis: Thomas Garneau-Bertrand, assecuratore, et Damiano Verhaegen, negotiatore rerum luxuriosarum 'vintage' et accessoriorum<ref name="Le Monde" />. In aedem die Julius 2025 commigrantes, propositum est eis castellum ad pristinum splendorem restituere et id domicilium suum facere. In animo habent tabulato principali ad eventus, cubiculis autem superioribus ad hospitium periegeticum uti. Sibi tempus quinque ad decem annorum statuerunt ad omnem partem somnii sui perficiendam.. A 2025-2026 domum custodis penitus refecerunt, ut eam sibi pro habitatione temporaria facerent, iuxta castellum quod reficiebatur. == Bibliographia == * « <small> [archive]</small> », sur ''Archives départementales de l'Indre'', 2024-2025. * Marc du Pouget (<abbr>dir.</abbr>) et Association Promotion Patrimoine, , Chauray-Niort, Éditions Patrimoines et médias, 1999, 414 <abbr>p.</abbr> <small>(<nowiki>ISBN 2-910137-32-5</nowiki>, présentation en ligne [archive])</small>. * Flore Mabilleau, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 12 mai 2024 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Martine Roy, «  », ''La Nouvelle République'',‎ 20 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] )</small>. * Cécile Verin, «  », ''Ouest-France'',‎ 30 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Maude Larin-Kieran, «  », ''TVA Nouvelles'',‎ 18 juillet 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive])</small>. * Christian Panvert, «  », ''Le Parisien'',‎ 22 octobre 2025 <small>(lire en ligne [archive] , consulté le 24 octobre 2025)</small>. * A vicinis salutata, coniuges Canadenses castellum derelictum in Indra reficiunt. |datum=22 Octobris 2025|accessum=24 Octobris 2025|url=https://www.leparisien.fr/indre-36/adoube-par-les-villageois-un-couple-de-canadiens-restaure-un-chateau-abandonne-dans-lindre<nowiki> -22-10-2025-IBOZ4Z7FBRGPJD2K4NQ5BDMIZU.php|author = Christian Panvert|access url=paywall}}.</nowiki> == Notae et fontes == === Notae === <references /> 1. Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis relatus est ut vectigal et mercator. 2. In nuptiis eius, testes erant: ex parte eius, Iulius Boullet, avunculus eius et agricola, et Antonius Martin, consobrinus eius et notarius; ex parte uxoris eius, Antonius Picot, praefectus sanitatis publicae et consobrinus, et Franciscus Desfosses, notarius et consobrinus. 3. Hic Ludovicus Boullet socius erat Societatis Agricolarum Galliae anno MDCCCXC, qui habitabat apud 'Château Neuf' in Graves (Léognan) et apud 'Château de la Borde-Varennes'. In interreti [archivum], p. 1007, Gallica. 4. Vidua Ludovici Boullet et tres liberi eius in 'Annuaire du Tout Sud-Ouest' anni MCMXI [archivum interretiale], p. 163, referuntur. 5. Maria Aemilia Margarita Conilh de Beyssac neptis erat Mariae Ludovicae Conilh et soror Ioannis Iacobi Conilh de Beyssac (1890–1918). 6. Familia Conilh stirpem suam repetebat a Generali Ioanne Romano Conilh de Beyssac (1749–1820). 7. Census anni MCMXXVI ad inscriptionem XII, 'Château de la Borde', aperte 'Nullos' declarat. In interreti [archivum]. 8. Tres filiae, inter quas duae natu maximae, geminae Solange (1918–2010) et Geneviève (1918–2018), Caudérani natae sunt. Filius minimus, Franciscus Boullet (1925–1981), Isaac natus, Mariam Franciscam Le Goüais (1934–2022), filiam Yvonis Le Goüais (1902–1962) et Mariae de Dieuleveult (1911–1997), in matrimonium duxit. 9. Informatio in situ interretiali "Laiterie de Varennes" praebita affirmat: "Post Primum Bellum Mundanum, Ludovicus Trougnou caseum 'Je suis de France' produxit et Castellum de la Borde a comitissa Anglica emit." Pater eius, Ludovicus Augustus Boullet, in tabulis publicis agnoscitur ut vectigal collector et mercator. Imago Arcis de la Borde in operculis capsarum casei Coulommiersiensis apparet. Historia loci caseificii in interreti [archivum]. 10. Societas, capitali actionum CC.L.M. francorum, ex Repertorio Societatum die XV Novembris MMXII deleta est [1] [archive]. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} [[Categoria:Castella]] [[Categoria:Aedificia Franciae]] [[Categoria:Confecta saeculo 19]] [[Categoria:Inger (praefectura Franciae)]] 19d3l5hmrmv7foxwga9rqkxcq0e7nyw 0 325688 3965610 2026-06-19T13:49:51Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Redirigens ad [[Ioannes Evelyn]] 3965610 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioannes Evelyn]] dgn5t2aopv1eq1oht2api0sz8m2kaff 0 325689 3965615 2026-06-19T13:58:25Z IacobusAmor 1163 IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Château Poseidon]] ad [[Castellum Posidonis]]: Lemma 3965615 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Castellum Posidonis]] jzaglpszyejljtk9f70uses1j66h34f 0 325690 3965640 2026-06-19T16:35:20Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 Paginam instituit, scribens ''''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque Ideologia|ideol...' 3965640 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam decies centena exemplarium vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria Francice et in Francia primum edita est ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, ôstquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora V. Gheorghiu multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] 7n0b9hw8ltm0118sjvka5ar6wyotqxk 3965641 3965640 2026-06-19T16:38:44Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965641 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam decies centena exemplarium vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria Francice et in Francia primum edita est ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] gifwdtv453dpgzqzgmhl38wy082w2d1 3965642 3965641 2026-06-19T16:39:58Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965642 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam decies centena exemplarium vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria Francice et in Francia primum edita est ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] kaowidr00d8j5t7b00n2cbc1s3hgxiv 3965643 3965642 2026-06-19T16:41:17Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965643 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam decies centena exemplarium vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria Francice et in Francia primum edita est ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] c6gw8fezjncu57bnre8hvbvqqz5m1gv 3965644 3965643 2026-06-19T16:43:21Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965644 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam decies centena exemplarium vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria Francice et in Francia primum edita est ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. == Plura legere si cupis == *Claudia Drăgănoiu, « La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu », ''Recherches'', 2013 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] 3d3nbs9a2g1wxh1pou6mcnq3qt24t7n 3965645 3965644 2026-06-19T16:45:28Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3965645 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam decies centena exemplarium vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria Francice et in Francia primum edita est ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. == Plura legere si cupis == *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] 90cerpscknnylgxdo4rwfzn98cpeet3 3965648 3965645 2026-06-19T16:50:30Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3965648 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam decies centena exemplarium vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria Francice et in Francia primum edita est ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. == Plura legere si cupis == *Amaury d'Esneval, ''Gheorghiu'', 2004 ISBN 2-86714-324-1 *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] avk0pz2o8s5abu8e89yaaufht3dj1kq 3965651 3965648 2026-06-19T16:56:53Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3965651 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam decies centena exemplarium vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria Francice et in Francia primum edita est ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. == Plura legere si cupis == *Amaury d'Esneval, ''Gheorghiu'', 2004 ISBN 2-86714-324-1 *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] 0ea42noeues0v0fo26ekz4881xfstir 3965652 3965651 2026-06-19T16:57:23Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965652 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam decies centena exemplarium vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria haec Francice et in Francia primum edita est ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. == Plura legere si cupis == *Amaury d'Esneval, ''Gheorghiu'', 2004 ISBN 2-86714-324-1 *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] lcoanp0j2soqraetons57bv1kl3uadk 3965653 3965652 2026-06-19T16:58:58Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965653 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam decies centena exemplarium vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria haec Francice et in Francia primum edita est<ref>''La Vingt-cinquième Heure'', traduit du roumain par Monique Saint-Côme (alias Monica Lovinescu), préface de Gabriel Marcel, Plon, 1949.</ref> ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. == Plura legere si cupis == *Amaury d'Esneval, ''Gheorghiu'', 2004 ISBN 2-86714-324-1 *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] berm7jsgw8muo6945hf0yzhjdeihat5 3965654 3965653 2026-06-19T17:00:55Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965654 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992<ref>Josyane Savigneau, « Témoin de la "vingt-cinquième heure", Virgil Gheorghiu est mort", ''[[Le Monde]]'' 23 Iunii 1992.</ref>) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam decies centena exemplarium vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria haec Francice et in Francia primum edita est<ref>''La Vingt-cinquième Heure'', traduit du roumain par Monique Saint-Côme (alias Monica Lovinescu), préface de Gabriel Marcel, Plon, 1949.</ref> ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. == Plura legere si cupis == *Amaury d'Esneval, ''Gheorghiu'', 2004 ISBN 2-86714-324-1 *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] jo3d0jph34spiz5x4jxlbtdweul9jc4 3965655 3965654 2026-06-19T17:04:04Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965655 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992<ref>Josyane Savigneau, « [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1992%2F06%2F23%2Ftemoin-de-la-vingt-cinquieme-heure-virgil-gheorghiu-est-mort_3906844_1819218.html Témoin de la "vingt-cinquième heure", Virgil Gheorghiu est mort]", ''[[Le Monde]]'' 23 Iunii 1992.</ref>) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam decies centena exemplarium vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria haec Francice et in Francia primum edita est<ref>''La Vingt-cinquième Heure'', traduit du roumain par Monique Saint-Côme (alias Monica Lovinescu), préface de Gabriel Marcel, Plon, 1949.</ref> ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. == Plura legere si cupis == *Amaury d'Esneval, ''Gheorghiu'', 2004 ISBN 2-86714-324-1 *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] k4a165cqcpqdfttss0u45bwtblb4kxd 3965657 3965655 2026-06-19T17:06:11Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965657 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992<ref>Josyane Savigneau, « [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1992%2F06%2F23%2Ftemoin-de-la-vingt-cinquieme-heure-virgil-gheorghiu-est-mort_3906844_1819218.html Témoin de la "vingt-cinquième heure", Virgil Gheorghiu est mort]", ''[[Le Monde]]'' 23 Iunii 1992.</ref>) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam [[decies centena milia]] [[Exemplar|exemplarium]] vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria haec Francice et in Francia primum edita est<ref>''La Vingt-cinquième Heure'', traduit du roumain par Monique Saint-Côme (alias Monica Lovinescu), préface de Gabriel Marcel, Plon, 1949.</ref> ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. == Plura legere si cupis == *Amaury d'Esneval, ''Gheorghiu'', 2004 ISBN 2-86714-324-1 *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] 4wvm1es6q8dapgbweg9t59fzl5tf2rj 3965658 3965657 2026-06-19T17:07:29Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965658 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992<ref>Josyane Savigneau, « [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1992%2F06%2F23%2Ftemoin-de-la-vingt-cinquieme-heure-virgil-gheorghiu-est-mort_3906844_1819218.html Témoin de la "vingt-cinquième heure", Virgil Gheorghiu est mort]", ''[[Le Monde]]'' 23 Iunii 1992.</ref>) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam [[decies centena milia]] [[Exemplar|exemplarium]] vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria haec Francice et in Francia primum edita est<ref>''La Vingt-cinquième Heure'', traduit du roumain par Monique Saint-Côme (alias Monica Lovinescu), préface de Gabriel Marcel, Plon, 1949.</ref> ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Amaury d'Esneval, ''Gheorghiu'', 2004 ISBN 2-86714-324-1 *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] 1mrk5hgbbvq6vxrlq3j9ayr9vas13wq 3965659 3965658 2026-06-19T17:08:31Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965659 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992<ref>Josyane Savigneau, « [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1992%2F06%2F23%2Ftemoin-de-la-vingt-cinquieme-heure-virgil-gheorghiu-est-mort_3906844_1819218.html Témoin de la "vingt-cinquième heure", Virgil Gheorghiu est mort]", ''[[Le Monde]]'' 23 Iunii 1992.</ref>) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam [[decies centena milia]] [[Exemplar|exemplarium]] vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria haec Francice et in Francia primum edita est<ref>''La Vingt-cinquième Heure'', traduit du roumain par Monique Saint-Côme (alias Monica Lovinescu), préface de Gabriel Marcel, Plon, 1949.</ref>, ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacormanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Amaury d'Esneval, ''Gheorghiu'', 2004 ISBN 2-86714-324-1 *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] sb0es099l5xurpcxg8fecuvt5wrjb4t 3965661 3965659 2026-06-19T17:12:57Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965661 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992<ref>Josyane Savigneau, « [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1992%2F06%2F23%2Ftemoin-de-la-vingt-cinquieme-heure-virgil-gheorghiu-est-mort_3906844_1819218.html Témoin de la "vingt-cinquième heure", Virgil Gheorghiu est mort]", ''[[Le Monde]]'' 23 Iunii 1992.</ref>) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam [[decies centena milia]] [[Exemplar|exemplarium]] vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria haec Francice et in Francia primum edita est<ref>''La Vingt-cinquième Heure'', traduit du roumain par Monique Saint-Côme (alias Monica Lovinescu), préface de Gabriel Marcel, Plon, 1949.</ref>, ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacoromanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Amaury d'Esneval, ''Gheorghiu'', 2004 ISBN 2-86714-324-1 *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] ltln5eyl7lqwvusifnselmf57inv2rg 3965662 3965661 2026-06-19T17:21:31Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3965662 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Virgil Gheorghiu.jpg|thumb|Vergilius Gheorghiu anno 1979]] '''Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu''' (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992<ref>Josyane Savigneau, « [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1992%2F06%2F23%2Ftemoin-de-la-vingt-cinquieme-heure-virgil-gheorghiu-est-mort_3906844_1819218.html Témoin de la "vingt-cinquième heure", Virgil Gheorghiu est mort]", ''[[Le Monde]]'' 23 Iunii 1992.</ref>) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam [[decies centena milia]] [[Exemplar|exemplarium]] vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria haec Francice et in Francia primum edita est<ref>''La Vingt-cinquième Heure'', traduit du roumain par Monique Saint-Côme (alias Monica Lovinescu), préface de Gabriel Marcel, Plon, 1949.</ref>, ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacoromanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. Anno [[1967]] [[Henricus Verneuil]] [[Pellicula|pelliculam]] e mythistoria duxit, primas partes agente [[Antonius Quinn|Antonio Quinn]]. == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Amaury d'Esneval, ''Gheorghiu'', 2004 ISBN 2-86714-324-1 *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] meu89lr3qnngltu9ke33z38h6dw1l5e 3965706 3965662 2026-06-20T03:01:16Z Bartholomite 116968 3965706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Constantinus Vergilius Gheorghiu}} (natus Războieni in [[Dacoromania]] die 15 septembris 1916 - mortuus [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]] die 22 Iunii 1992<ref>Josyane Savigneau, « [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Farchives%2Farticle%2F1992%2F06%2F23%2Ftemoin-de-la-vingt-cinquieme-heure-virgil-gheorghiu-est-mort_3906844_1819218.html Témoin de la "vingt-cinquième heure", Virgil Gheorghiu est mort]", ''[[Le Monde]]'' 23 Iunii 1992.</ref>) fuit scriptor Dacoromanicus et Francogallicus qui anno 1963, patris exemplum secutus, [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa|ecclesiae orthodoxae]] creatus est. Praecipue notus est ob mythistoriam contra [[totalitarismus|totalitarismum]] et [[Machina|machinismum]] et societatem [[Technologia|technicam]] omnesque [[Ideologia|ideologias]] quae homines humanitate sua spoliant anno [[1949]] publicatam et cui titulus fuit ''Hora vicesima quinta'' (Dacoromanice ''Ora 25'', Francice ''La vingt-cinquième heure''). In summa hoc opere iura hominum a civitate vindicabat. Plus quam [[decies centena milia]] [[Exemplar|exemplarium]] vendidit et opus in 31 linguas versum est. Quamquam Dacoromanice scripta mythistoria haec Francice et in Francia primum edita est<ref>''La Vingt-cinquième Heure'', traduit du roumain par Monique Saint-Côme (alias Monica Lovinescu), préface de Gabriel Marcel, Plon, 1949.</ref>, ubi auctor [[Communismus|communismum]] refugiebat, postquam interpres eam vertit. Scripta posteriora Vergilii Gheorghiu tam Dacoromanica quam Francica multo pauciores lectores ad se attraxerunt. Anno [[1967]] [[Henricus Verneuil]] [[Pellicula|pelliculam]] e mythistoria duxit, primas partes agente [[Antonius Quinn|Antonio Quinn]]. == Opera == * ''Tărâmul celalalt: versuri'', Bucarestae: Fundația pentru literatură și artă Regele Carol 2, 1938 * ''Cântece de faun'', Bucarestae: Fundația regală pentru literatură și artă, 1940 * ''Caligrafie pe zăpadă'', Bucarestae: Fundația pentru literatură și artă Regele Carol II, 1940 * ''Ceasul de rugăciune: poeme'', Bucarestae: Editura Națională Gh. Mecu, 1942 * ''Am luptat în Crimeea'', Bucarestae: Editura Națională Mecu, 1942 * ''Rumänische Märchen'', Ähren-Verl, Heidelberg, 1948 * ''Ora 25'', 1949. ''La vingt-cinquième heure'', Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1949. ''The twenty-fifth hour'' Novi Eboraci: Alfred A. Knopf, 1950 * ''La seconde chance'', Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1952 * ''L'homme qui voyagea seul'' Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1954 * ''Le peuple des immortels'' Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1955 * ''Les sacrifiés du Danube'', Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1957 * ''Saint Jean bouche d'or'' Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1957 * ''Les mendiants de miracles'', Lutetiae: Le Livre de Poche, 1958 * ''La cravache'', Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1960 * ''Perahim'' Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1961 * ''La maison de Petrodava'', Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1961 * ''La vie de Mahomet'', Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1963. Éditions du Rocher, 1999. {{ISBN|2-268-03275-2}} * ''Les immortels d'Agapia'', 1964. Éditions Gallimard, 1998 {{ISBN|2-07-040287-8}}. ''The immortals of the mountain'', Sicagi: Regnery Publishing, 1969 * ''La jeunesse du docteur Luther'', Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1965 * ''De la vingt-cinquième heure à l'heure éternelle'', Éditions Plon, 1965. Éditions du Rocher, 1990 {{ISBN|2-268-01038-4}} * ''Le meurtre de Kyralessa'', 1966. ''The Death of Kyralessa'', Sicagi: Regnery Publishing, 1968 {{ISBN|0-8371-7991-2}} * ''La tunique de peau'', Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1967 * ''La condottiera'', Rombaldi, Collection Le Club de la Femme, 1969 * ''Pourquoi m'a-t-on appelé Virgil?'', Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1968 * ''La vie du patriarche Athénagoras'', Lutetiae: Éditions Plon, 1969 * ''L'espionne'', Éditions Plon, 1973. Éditions du Rocher, 1990 {{ISBN|2-268-00985-8}} * ''Dieu ne reçoit que le dimanche'', Éditions Plon, 1975 * ''Les inconnus de [[Heidelberg]]'', Éditions Plon, 1977 {{ISBN|2-259-00195-5}} * ''Le grand exterminateur'', Éditions Plon, 1978 {{ISBN|2-259-00323-0}} * ''Les amazones du Danube'', Éditions Plon, 1978 {{ISBN|2-259-00402-4}} * ''Dieu à Paris'', Éditions Plon, 1980, {{ISBN|2-259-00613-2}} * ''Mémoires: Le témoin de la vingt-cinquième heure'', Éditions Plon, 1986 {{ISBN|2-259-01435-6}} * ''La Corée, la belle inconnue de l'Extrême-Orient - A l'heure des Jeux Olympiques'', 1987 * ''La Condottiera'', Vaterloi Ontarionis: Arouca Press, 2022 {{ISBN|978-1-990685-21-7}} == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Amaury d'Esneval, ''Gheorghiu'', 2004 ISBN 2-86714-324-1 *Claudia Drăgănoiu, «[https://journals.openedition.org/cher/10233 La « réhumanisation » de l’Autre dans La Vingt-cinquième heure de C. V. Gheorghiu ]», ''Recherches'', 2013: 91-98 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Constantin Virgil Gheorghiu|Constantinum Vergilium Gheorghiu}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1916|1992|Gheorghiu, Constantinus Vergilius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Franciae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Romaniae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] 93c0xl1q31vyc6svued6usgcono6msd 0 325691 3965665 2026-06-19T19:10:35Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Redirigens ad [[Didacus Velazquius]] 3965665 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Didacus Velazquius]] hwhv2luc09k0kp7xsh7x3s0pz3y0bzw 11 325692 3965712 2026-06-20T05:06:13Z Grufo 64423 Novam paginam disputationis paravi 3965712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}} Veteres disputationes: {{Specialis:Praefixa/Disputatio Formulae:Convertimus/Tabularium}} o46ul1go9dqxr6mxfz7ngdbim6fcby1 3965713 3965712 2026-06-20T05:12:18Z Grufo 64423 /* “Convertimus” an “Convertamus”? */ Nova pars 3965713 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}} Veteres disputationes: {{Specialis:Praefixa/Disputatio Formulae:Convertimus/Tabularium}} == “Convertimus” an “Convertamus”? == Nonne melius sit subiunctivum hortatorium (<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Convertamus}}</syntaxhighlight>) in nomine formulae adhibere? --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 05:12, 20 Iunii 2026 (UTC) n2n9gh9twzdzbyue8toqu8750qk9ker 3965714 3965713 2026-06-20T05:22:31Z Grufo 64423 Me corrigo. Semper “convertimus” ut tempus praesens intellexi, nec umquam de tempore praeterito cogitavi. Itaque propositionem meam retracto. 3965714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hic sunt tabularia disputationum}} Veteres disputationes: {{Specialis:Praefixa/Disputatio Formulae:Convertimus/Tabularium}} o46ul1go9dqxr6mxfz7ngdbim6fcby1